Who defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title?
Who defeated the National Football Conference champion?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
Who defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title?
What was the name of the anniversary of the 50th Super Bowl?
What was the theme of the 50th Super Bowl?
When was the game played at Levi's Stadium?
The Denver Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title?
What was the theme of the 50th Super Bowl?
The Denver Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title?
When was the game played at Levi's Stadium?
Who defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title?
Where was the game played on February 7, 2016?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
What was the name of the Roman numerals of the Super Bowl?
In what year did Super Bowl 50 determine the champion of the National Football League?
In what year did Super Bowl 50 determine the champion of the National Football League?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
Where was the game played on February 7, 2016?
How many times did the Denver Broncos defeat the Carolina Panthers to earn their third Super Bowl title?
When was the game played at Levi's Stadium?
In what year did Super Bowl 50 determine the champion of the National Football League?
Who defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title?
Who defeated the National Football Conference champion?
Who defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title?
In what year did Super Bowl 50 determine the champion of the National Football League?
Who defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title?
Where was Levi's Stadium located?
What was the name of the American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League for the 2015 season?
Who defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title?
Who was named NFL Most Valuable Player?
How many times did the Broncos lose in the AFC Championship Game?
When was the Super Bowl franchise founded?
Who defeated the NFC Championship Game?
Who denied the Broncos a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who defeated the NFC Championship Game?
Who denied the Broncos a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who denied the Broncos a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was named NFL Most Valuable Player?
How many times did the Panthers finish the regular season?
Who was named NFL Most Valuable Player?
How many times did the Broncos finish the regular season?
How many times did the Arizona Cardinals win the NFC Championship Game?
Who denied the Broncos a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who was named NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who defeated the NFC Championship Game?
How many –4 record did the Broncos finish the regular season?
Who denied the Broncos a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who was named NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who denied the Broncos a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who defeated the NFC Championship Game?
Who was named NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who defeated the NFC Championship Game?
When did the Broncos win their second Super Bowl appearance?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many sacks did Von Miller record?
Who took an early lead in Super Bowl 50?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
Who sacked Newton seven times and forced him into three turnovers?
How many times did Denver lose Newton?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many turnovers did Denver's defense force Newton into?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller record?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many points did the Broncos win in Super Bowl?
How many sacks did Von Miller record?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many points did the Broncos win in Super Bowl?
How many times did Denver lose Newton?
How many turnovers did Denver's defense force Newton into?
What did Denver's defense force Newton into three turnovers?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many times did Denver lose Newton?
How many turnovers did Denver's defense force Newton into?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during Super Bowl 50?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows?
Which halftime show was headlined by Bruno Mars?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during Super Bowl 50?
Who was the special guest performers of the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during Super Bowl 50?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows?
What was the most watched U.S. broadcast ever?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during Super Bowl 50?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows?
Which halftime show was headlined by Bruno Mars?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during Super Bowl 50?
Which British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows?
Who stated that the NFL planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
What was the goal of the NFL commissioner Roger Goodell?
When did Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who stated that the NFL planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
When did Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who stated that the NFL planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
Who stated that the NFL planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
Who stated that the NFL planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
What did Goodell say the NFL would make the 50th Super Bowl?
What did Goodell say the NFL would make the 50th Super Bowl?
When did Roger Goodell say the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
What was the name of the three sites the league narrowed the bids to?
What is the name of New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome?
The league narrowed the bids to three sites: New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and what other stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in Miami?
What is the San Francisco Bay Area's name?
What is the San Francisco Bay Area's name?
What was the name of New Orleans' three sites?
What is the name of the stadium in Miami?
What three sites did the league narrow the bids to?
How many sites did the league narrow the bids to?
What was the name of the Mercedes-Benz Superdome?
What is the name of the stadium in Miami?
Where is Levi's Stadium located?
What is the San Francisco Bay Area's stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in Miami?
What was the name of New Orleans' three sites?
What is the San Francisco Bay Area's stadium?
When did the league announce that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
How many times has the South Florida/Miami area hosted the Super Bowl XLIV?
What is the most recent event in the South Florida/Miami area?
In what year was Super Bowl XLIV hosted?
When was the Super Bowl XIX last hosted?
What was the name of the two finalists?
When did the league announce that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
Where was Super Bowl XIX held?
When did the Florida legislature refuse to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
In what year was Super Bowl XLIV hosted?
How many finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
What is the most recent event in the South Florida/Miami area?
How many finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for renovations?
When was the Super Bowl XIX last hosted?
What area hosted the Super Bowl XLIV in 2010?
When did the league announce that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium?
How many times has the San Francisco Bay Area hosted Super Bowl XLIV?
What area hosted the Super Bowl XLIV in 2010?
When was the Super Bowl XIX last hosted?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for renovations?
On what date did the NFL owners vote and award the game to Levi's Stadium?
Who voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did the $1.2 billion stadium open?
How much money did the stadium open in 2014?
Where did Super Bowl XXVII take place?
Where did NFL owners vote on Levi's Stadium?
On what date did the NFL owners vote and award the game to Levi's Stadium?
How much money did the stadium open in 2014?
When was the first Super Bowl held in San Diego?
Where did Super Bowl XXVII take place?
When did the NFL owners vote for Levi's Stadium?
When did the $1.2 billion stadium open?
How much money did the stadium open in 2014?
When was Super Bowl XIX held?
When was the first Super Bowl held in San Diego?
On what date did the NFL owners vote and award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did the $1.2 billion stadium open?
When was Super Bowl XXVII held in San Diego?
Where did NFL owners vote on Levi's Stadium?
On what date did the NFL owners vote and award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did the $1.2 billion stadium open?
How much money did the stadium open in 2014?
When did Super Bowl XXVII take place?
Who coached both teams in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
How many teams did the Carolina Panthers become?
How many teams have acquired a 15-1 record?
Who became one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season?
What was the Broncos' second Super Bowl appearance in three years?
Who coached both teams in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
How many appearances did the Denver Broncos make in the Super Bowl?
How many teams did the Carolina Panthers become?
What was the other Super Bowl appearance of the Panthers?
How many teams have acquired a 15-1 record?
What number of seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl for the third straight season?
What number of seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl for the third straight season?
What was the Broncos' second Super Bowl appearance in three years?
What was the other Super Bowl appearance in the Broncos?
How many teams have acquired a 15-1 record?
What number of seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl for the third straight season?
How many teams did the Denver Broncos make eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who coached both teams in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
Who was the longest running back of the Carolina Panthers?
Who lost to a torn ACL in the preseason?
How many regular season games did the Carolina Panthers win?
When did the Carolina Panthers expand to a 16-game schedule?
Who was the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since 1978?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many All-Pro players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
Who lost to a torn ACL in the preseason?
When did the Carolina Panthers expand to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the New Orleans Saints break the 13-0 record?
In what year did the Green Bay Packers break the 13-0 record?
What did the Carolina Panthers lose to in the preseason?
Who lost to a torn ACL in the preseason?
Who was the longest running back of the Carolina Panthers?
When did the Carolina Panthers expand to a 16-game schedule?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
Who was the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since 1978?
When did the Carolina Panthers start the season 14–0?
Who was the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since 1978?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense boast?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
How many touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
How many punts did Ginn return for 277 yards?
Who caught a career-high 77 passes for 1,104 yards and seven touchdowns?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
What was the career-best quarterback rating of Cam Newton?
How many passes did Greg Olsen catch for 1,104 yards and seven touchdowns?
Who were Newton's leading receivers?
Who led the Panthers backfield with 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense boast?
Who recorded a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw for?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers offense boast?
How many points did the Panthers score?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw for?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
What was Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many yards did Ted Ginn pass for?
How many points did the Panthers defense give up?
How many sacks did Jared Allen have in the Panthers line?
How many tackles did Kuechly lead in?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense boast?
Who led the team in sacks with 11?
How many interceptions did the Panthers lead the NFL in interceptions?
Who led the team in sacks with 11?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense boast?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers defense boast?
Who led the team with seven interceptions?
How many interceptions did the Panthers lead the NFL in interceptions?
Who had 5 sacks in 9 starts?
Who led the Panthers in tackles?
How many sacks did Short recover?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who took over as the starter for most of the regular season?
What team did Manning have his worst statistical season since his rookie season?
Who were the Broncos losing to in Week 17?
Who is the Broncos defensive coordinator?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win in his four years as Broncos head coach?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
What team did Manning have his worst statistical season since his rookie season?
How many times did Manning turn in the 2015 off-season?
What injury did Manning have in his heel since the summer?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who was the quarterback of the Broncos under Kubiak?
What caused Manning to have his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts?
How many times did Manning turn in the 2015 off-season?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win in his four years as Broncos head coach?
Who was the Broncos head coach?
Who was the quarterback of the Broncos under Kubiak?
Who was the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
In what foot did Manning have a partial tear of the plantar fasciitis?
Who is the Broncos defensive coordinator?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler throw?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many yards did Manning throw for?
How many touchdowns did Manning throw?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
How many receptions did Demaryius Thomas have?
What was Manning's career-low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
How many yards per carry average did Ronnie Hillman have?
How many yards allowed were the Broncos' defense for the first time in franchise history?
How many sacks did Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson have?
Who led the team in total tackles with 109?
How many sacks did Von Miller recover?
Who was selected to play in the Pro Bowl for the ninth time in his career?
Who was selected to play in the Pro Bowl for the ninth time in his career?
Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 512 sacks?
How many points were allowed in the Broncos' defense?
Who led the team with 11 sacks?
Who led the team in total tackles with 109?
How many sacks did DeMarcus Ware recover?
Who led the team with 11 sacks?
Who led the team in total tackles with 109?
Who had 512 sacks?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers blow out in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers lose in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the NFC Championship Game?
What did the Panthers win in the second half?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What did the Panthers win in the second half?
How many yards did the Panthers lose in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers blow out in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
How many yards did the Panthers lose to the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers blow out in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers lose in the NFC Championship Game?
Who defeated the Broncos in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
When did New England beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champions in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds left on the clock on New England's 2-point conversion attempt?
Who defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
When did the Broncos defeat the Pittsburgh Steelers?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
How many seconds left on the clock did New England intercept a pass on their 2-point conversion attempt?
Who had problems with interceptions during the playoffs?
Who defeated the Broncos in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
Who defeated the Broncos in the divisional round?
Who was the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion?
How many seconds left on the clock did New England intercept a pass on their 2-point conversion attempt?
Who went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game?
What did Thomas Davis go down with in the NFC Championship Game?
How many ACL tears did Thomas Davis have in his career?
How many years was Thomas Davis?
How many tears did Thomas Davis overcome in his career?
What arm did Thomas Davis have in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years was Thomas Davis?
What is the name of the Super Bowl?
How many ACL tears did Thomas Davis have in his career?
How did Thomas Davis go down in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years was Thomas Davis?
Who went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game?
At what age is he the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
How old was John Elway?
Who is John Elway currently?
Who won Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who won Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
How old was John Elway?
Who became the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
How many teams did Peyton Manning lead to multiple Super Bowls?
How many teams did Peyton Manning lead to multiple Super Bowls?
Who became the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
When did John Elway lead the Broncos to victory?
Who became the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
What age is John Elway the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl?
Who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
In what year was Manning the #1 selection of the NFL draft?
When was Newton picked first?
What was Newton's age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
How long did Manning and Newton set the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
What is the name of Denver's pick?
Who was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft?
Who was the first selection of the 1998 NFL draft?
What was Newton's age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
Who was the #1 pick in their draft class?
In what year was Manning the #1 selection of the NFL draft?
When was Newton picked first?
What is the name of Denver's pick?
When was Newton picked first?
What was Newton's age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
How long did Manning and Newton set the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
In what Super Bowl did Rivera play with the Chicago Bears?
Who was Rivera a linebacker with in Super Bowl XX?
What did Rivera play with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
What team did Kubiak replace Elway at the end of the Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
What did Rivera play with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
Who was a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
In what Super Bowl did Rivera play with the Chicago Bears?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker?
How many turf did the NFL re-sod the field with?
Who stated that the Atlanta Braves field was in "great shape" for gameday?
Who was Justin Tucker's kicker?
Who did Justin Tucker slip and miss a field goal?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker?
Who did Justin Tucker slip and miss a field goal?
What type of turf did the NFL re-sod the field with?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker?
What did the NFL re-sod the field with?
What is the name of the Bermuda 419 turf that the NFL re-sodded the field with?
What did a number of players need to change during the game?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker?
What type of stadiums did the NFL re-sod the field with a new playing surface?
Who chose to wear their road white jerseys with matching pants?
When did the Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons?
What team did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jersey did the Broncos wear with matching white pants?
What was Elway's last game as Denver QB?
What was Elway's last game as Denver QB?
When did the Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons?
What team did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jersey did the Broncos wear with matching white pants?
What did the Broncos wear with matching white pants?
Who was the only other AFC champion team to wear white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl?
What was Elway's last game as Denver QB?
What color did Denver wear in Super Bowl XXXII?
What type of jersey did they lose in Super Bowl XXI, XXII, XXIV, and XLVIII?
What did the Broncos wear their standard home uniform?
What state practice facility did the Panthers use?
Where did the Broncos practice?
What state practice facility did the Panthers use?
Where did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos stay?
What practice facility did the Panthers use?
Where did the Broncos practice?
What practice facility did the Panthers use?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
What state practice facility did the Panthers use?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
When was the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals established?
Who was the vice president of brand and creative?
When was the standardized logo template introduced?
What trophy is the name of the logo that deviates from the template?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
When will Roman numerals be reinstated?
Who announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
In what color is the Vince Lombardi Trophy colored?
When did the NFL announce that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals would be temporarily suspended?
What type of numerals would the Super Bowl 50 be named using?
What is the name of the game that would be named using Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50?
In what color is the Vince Lombardi Trophy colored?
What is the name of the league's vice president of brand and creative?
What type of numerals would the Super Bowl 50 be named using?
The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for what Super Bowl?
What was the name of the promotion that was held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"?
When did all sideline jackets and hats feature gold-trimmed logos?
How many yards was the line on fields colored gold?
What was the name of the promotion that was held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"?
What was the name of the promotion that was held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"?
What was the title of the 2015 NFL season?
What was given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What number of gold-tinted logos were painted on fields?
What was the name of the promotion that was held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
Who said homeless people are going to have to leave?
Who unsuccessfully lobbied for the NFL to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
When did "Super Bowl City" open?
How many people are expected to attend the Super Bowl Week festivities?
Who said homeless people are going to have to leave?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
What city opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
What city opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero?
Who said homeless people are going to have to leave?
What city opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero?
How many people are expected to attend the Super Bowl Week festivities?
Who said homeless people are going to have to leave San Francisco?
How much did Jane Kim get to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
What event was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco?
Bellomy Field is located at what university?
How much is worth of other ancillary events?
How long is the event at the Santa Clara Convention Center?
How much is worth of other ancillary events?
What is the name of the event that is held at the Santa Clara Convention Center?
Who can help fund the event?
Where is a beer, wine and food festival at Santa Clara University?
What will help find business sponsors and individual donors?
Who can help fund the event?
How much is worth of other ancillary events?
Who can help fund the event?
When was the game's media day moved to?
When was the game's media day typically held?
Where was the event held on February 1, 2016?
Where was the SAP Center located?
What was the replica of the opening ceremony?
When was the game's media day typically held?
When was the game's media day moved to?
What was the game's media day re-branded as?
Where was the event held on February 1, 2016?
Where was the SAP Center located?
When was the game's media day typically held?
What was the name of the game's media day?
Where was the event held on February 1, 2016?
What was the replica of the Golden Gate Bridge?
When was the game's media day moved to?
What was the name of the game's media day?
Where was the event held on February 1, 2016?
What was the replica of the opening ceremony?
When was the event held?
What is the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much has the host committee raised?
What other sponsor has the host committee raised over $40 million?
What is the name of the sponsor of the host committee?
What company has the host committee raised over $40 million?
Who has sought disabled veteran and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-owned businesses?
How much has the host committee raised?
How many sponsors has the host committee raised over $40 million?
What is the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
What is the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much has the host committee raised?
How much money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
How many funds did the committee create as its philanthropic initiative?
How much money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
How many funds did the committee create as its philanthropic initiative?
What has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee vowed to be?
How much money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
How many funds did the committee create as its philanthropic initiative?
How much money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes in the Bay Area?
How many funds did the committee create as its philanthropic initiative?
What trophy will all Super Bowl champions receive?
How many -karat gold-plated "50" will the winner of Super Bowl 50 receive?
How many lb will each digit weigh?
Who designed the Lombardi Trophy?
Who designed the Lombardi Trophy?
What trophy will all Super Bowl champions receive?
What will the winner of Super Bowl 50 receive?
Who will design the 50?
What trophy will all Super Bowl champions receive?
Who designed the Lombardi Trophy?
Who televised the game in the United States?
Who called the contest?
Who was the lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz and Phil Simms?
How many cameras can be used to provide a 360-degree view of plays and "bullet time" effects?
What resolution resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
How many main broadcast television partners were in the NFL?
On what sidelines did Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn appear?
What can the EyeVision 360 provide?
What were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
On what sidelines did Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn appear?
Who televised the game in the United States?
How many main broadcast television partners were in the NFL?
Who televised the game in the United States?
Who was the network's lead broadcast team?
Who were on the sidelines of the contest?
What resolution resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
What type of cameras did CBS introduce during the telecast?
Who announced that they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for ESPN Deportes?
Who was the commentary crew of ESPN Deportes?
On what date did ESPN Deportes announce that they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
What language does ESPN Deportes use to broadcast the Super Bowl?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who announced that they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who broadcasts pre-game and post-game coverage?
Who announced that they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who was the commentary crew of ESPN Deportes?
Who broadcasts pre-game and post-game coverage?
What service provided streaming on smartphones to Verizon Wireless customers?
Who made the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
CBS provided digital streams of the game via what website?
Which PC did CBS provide digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com?
How many tablets did CBS provide digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com?
CBS provided digital streams of the game via what website?
Which PC did CBS provide digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com?
Who provided streaming on smartphones via the NFL Mobile service?
What service provided streaming on smartphones to Verizon Wireless customers via?
Because of what exclusivity, streaming on smartphones was only provided to Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service?
What service provided streaming on smartphones to Verizon Wireless customers via?
What did CBS provide via CBSSports.com?
Because of what exclusivity, streaming on smartphones was only provided to Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service?
Who made the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
What is the name of the special episode of Super Bowl 50?
What episode did CBS aire?
What is the name of the special episode of Super Bowl 50?
What episode did CBS aire?
What is the name of the special episode of Super Bowl 50?
After a break for what programming, CBS aired a special episode of The Late Late Show with James Corden?
What episode did CBS air with James Corden?
What is the base rate for a 30-second ad?
Which beer manufacturer was allowed to air multiple advertisements during the game at a steep discount?
Who was a longtime sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What year did Nintendo and The Pokémon Company celebrate their Super Bowl debut?
What is the base rate for a 30-second ad?
Which beer manufacturer was allowed to air multiple advertisements during the game at a steep discount?
Who was a longtime sponsor of the Super Bowl?
Who made their Super Bowl debut?
Who made their Super Bowl debut?
Which beer manufacturer was allowed to air multiple advertisements during the game at a steep discount?
Who was a longtime sponsor of the Super Bowl?
Which beer manufacturer was allowed to air multiple advertisements during the game at a steep discount?
Who was a longtime sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What was the final year that Doritos hosted its Doritos contest?
What was the name of the contest in which Death Wish Coffee was aired free of charge?
Who had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks?
How long was Death Wish Coffee's commercial aired free of charge?
How many other contenders did Death Wish Coffee beat?
Who had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks?
How many other contenders did Death Wish Coffee beat?
What company sponsored a "Small Business Big Game" contest?
Who had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks?
How many ders did Death Wish Coffee beat?
What company sponsored a "Small Business Big Game" contest?
Who had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks?
Who did Universal pay for Captain America: Civil War?
What did Lionsgate pay for?
What did Paramount pay for?
What did Fox pay for Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, Independence Day?
What did Lionsgate pay for?
What did Paramount pay for?
Who did Universal pay for Captain America: Civil War?
What was the debut trailer for Jason Bourne paid for?
What did Fox pay for Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, and Eddie the Eagle?
Who paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl?
Who paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl?
Who will carry the game in North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for Westwood One?
Who anchors pre-game coverage?
Who is the color analyst for Westwood One?
Mark Malone and Kevin Harlan are sideline reporters?
How many od One players will carry the game in North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for Westwood One?
Who will carry the game in North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for Westwood One?
Who anchors pre-game coverage?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for Westwood One?
What are color analysts in Westwood One?
Who will be sideline reporters in Westwood One?
What coverage coverage will Jim Gray anchor?
Where will Westwood One carry the game?
Who will carry the game in Denver?
Who is on play-by-play in Denver?
When will WBT play in North Carolina?
Where is WBT-FM located?
Who is on play-by-play in North Carolina?
Who is on play-by-play in Denver?
Dave Logan is on play-by-play and who is on color commentary?
Who will carry the game in North Carolina?
Who is on play-by-play in North Carolina?
Who will carry the game in Denver?
What station will WBT simulcast the game on?
Who will host the contest in the United Kingdom?
BBC Radio 5 Live and what other sport will host the contest?
Who will be on the BBC's own British English broadcast?
Who will carry the contest in the United Kingdom?
Who will be on the BBC's own British English broadcast?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl V?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
When did Harvey Martin die?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
How many of the 43 Super Bowl Most Valuable Players participated in the pregame ceremony?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many Super Bowl Most Valuable Players did the pregame ceremony feature?
How many of the 43 Super Bowl Most Valuable Players participated in the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was shown in the locker room preparing for the game?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many Grammy winners did Lady Gaga perform the national anthem?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What language did Marlee Matlin provide?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language translation?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language translation?
Who performed the national anthem?
How many Grammy winners did Lady Gaga perform the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language translation?
When did the British rock group Coldplay headline the show?
Who was the rock group Coldplay?
What halftime show did Beyoncé headline?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
What halftime show did Bruno Mars headline?
Who did Pepsi confirm to the Associated Press that Beyoncé collaborated with Coldplay on the single "Hymn for the Weekend"?
Who confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyoncé would make an appearance?
What single did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Who did Pepsi confirm to the Associated Press that Beyoncé collaborated with Coldplay on the single "Hymn for the Weekend"?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show and collaborated with Coldplay on the single "Hymn for the Weekend"?
What song did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning pass to?
Who did Shaq Thompson tackle for a 3-yard loss?
Who scored a 34-yard field goal?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
How many yards did Peyton Manning pass to Owen Daniels?
Who tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss?
Who scored a 34-yard field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning pass to?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
Who scored a 34-yard field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit?
Who said he disagreed with the call?
Who completed a pass Jerricho Cotchery?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball in the end zone for a touchdown?
What was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl since 1993?
Who was the quarterback of the Panthers?
Who said he disagreed with the call?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball in the end zone for a touchdown?
In what year was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who said he disagreed with the call?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball in the end zone for a touchdown?
What was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl since 1993?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
Who was Jordan Norwood's short 28-yard punt?
How many yards left in the second quarter?
How many yards did Norwood take off for a Super Bowl record?
How many yards did McManus kick?
How many yards did Newton pass for?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
How many yards left in the second quarter of the second quarter?
Who received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt?
How many yards did McManus kick?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
How many yards did McManus score?
Who tackled Mike Tolbert?
Who recovered on the Broncos 40-yard line?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
Who was sacked by DeMarcus Ware?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who lost a fumble while being tackled by Darian Stewart?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
How many yards did Kony Ealy return the ball to the Panthers 39-yard line?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who lost a fumble while being tackled by Darian Stewart?
Who recovered on the Broncos 40-yard line?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself?
What did the Panthers have to do with their possession?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who did Newton pass on the Denver 35-yard line?
Who hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
How many yards is a field goal attempt?
Who set up the 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos a 16-7 lead?
Who intercepted a Newton pass?
Who did Newton pass on the Denver 35-yard line?
What did Graham Gano hit on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who intercepted a Newton pass?
Who recovered the ball to allow Denver to keep possession?
Who did Newton pass on the Denver 35-yard line?
The Broncos defense halted the drive on what line?
Who hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who gave the Broncos a 16-7 lead?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
How many yards was Gano's field goal?
Who gave Gano a 16-yard reception?
Who ran Gano's field goal?
How many yards did the Broncos drive to the Panthers?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
On what line did Ealy recover the ball from Manning's hand?
What would the next three drives of the game end in?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
On what line did Ealy recover the ball from Manning's hand?
What was Gano's field goal?
How many drives of the game would end in punts?
How many yards did Carolina get the ball on their own line?
Miller stripped the ball away from what opponent?
Who gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
Who did Manning pass to for a 2-point conversion?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
How long did Miller bounce back from Newton?
Miller stripped the ball away from what opponent?
Who gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
How much left did Manning pass to Bennie Fowler for a 2-point conversion give Denver a 24–10 lead?
How many yards left in regulation?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
How long did Miller bounce back from Newton?
How many plays did Denver's offense stay out of the end zone?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
How many solo tackles did Miller have?
How many touchdowns did Manning finish the game?
How many receptions did Anderson receive for 10 yards?
Who had seven total tackles?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
How many touchdowns did Manning finish the game?
Who was the game's leading rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown?
Who was his top receiver with six receptions for 83 yards?
Who had seven total tackles?
Who was his top receiver with six receptions for 83 yards?
Who was the game's leading rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown?
How many field goals did McManus make?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
How many receptions did Anderson receive for 10 yards?
How many yards did Denver lose in total yards?
How many first downs did Denver win?
Who had the previous record of 244 yards in Super Bowl XXXV?
Who is the author of's'?
Who had the lowest aggregate passer rating for a Super Bowl?
How many yards did Denver lose in total yards?
How many first downs did Denver win?
Who set the Super Bowl record for the Broncos' seven sacks?
Who tied a record in Super Bowl XX?
How many first downs did Denver win?
How many first downs did Denver win?
Who tied a record in Super Bowl XX?
Who set the Super Bowl record for the Broncos' seven sacks?
How many teams combined a third down conversion percentage of 13.8?
What award did Maria Skodowska-Curie receive?
When was Casimir Pulaski born?
Who was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize?
Who are Wadysaw Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin?
When did Chopin move to Warsaw?
How many different species of trees are there?
In the 19th century, what garden was remodelled by Franciszek Szanior?
What was formally a royal garden?
Where is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier located?
What park covers 76 ha?
How long is the Vistula river from Warsaw?
What are the hundreds of bird species?
How many natural reserves are in Warsaw?
How many lakes are in Warsaw?
When are most lakes emptied?
What was the most diverse city in Poland?
How many inhabitants were Polish in 1933?
What percentage of Jews were in Russian census of 1897?
What ethnic minority was in Warsaw?
What are the main factors that make up the majority of the modern day population growth?
What is the second academic school of technology in Europe?
How many professors does Warsaw University of Technology employ?
What is the largest medical school in Poland?
When was the University of Warsaw established?
What is the oldest and largest music school in Poland?
When was the University Library founded?
How many items are in the University Library?
Who designed the building?
Who designed the University Library garden?
What is the area of the roof gardens in Europe?
What infrastructure did Warsaw suffer during its time as an Eastern Bloc economy?
What plan was a major success in Warsaw?
What has Warsaw seen many improvements over the past decade?
How have the metro, roads, sidewalks, health care facilities and sanitation facilities improved?
What city has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe?
What is the name of the highest-reference hospital in Poland?
What is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe?
How many beds does the clinic section have?
What has the infrastructure developed in the past years?
The Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera, the Chamber Opera, the National Philharmonic Hall and the National Theatre are among the many venues in Warsaw?
What does Warsaw host?
Where is the Congress Hall located?
What city hosts many events and festivals?
What does Warsaw host?
Where was the Summer Theatre located?
Where was Ogród Saski located?
When was the Summer Theatre in operation?
What was Warsaw's first literary cabaret?
What was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre"?
What is the name of the Polish festival that gathers thousands of people on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer's Night?
How many people gather on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer's Night?
When are gatherings of thousands of people on the banks of the Vistula held?
When would maidens float their wreaths of herbs on the water?
What flower is there on each Midsummer's Eve?
What is the largest collection of Museum of Posters in the world?
How many museums are in Warsaw?
What type of museums are Warsaw's National Museum?
What is one of the best collections of paintings in Warsaw?
What is the history of the Museum of the Polish Army?
What museum preserves the memory of the crime?
What museum preserves the memory of the crime?
What type of theatre does the Warsaw Uprising Museum operate?
What preserves patriotic and political objects related to Poland's struggles for independence?
How many rooms do Warsaw Historical Museum host?
What castle houses Centre for Contemporary Art?
How many projects does the Centre realize a year?
What is the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw?
Who organises the Zachta National Gallery of Art?
When is Warsaw Gallery Weekend held?
Which local rivals have fewer supporters?
When did they win the country's championship?
How many times did they win the cup?
Where is Polonia's home venue located?
Why was Polonia relegated from the top flight in 2013?
What is the name of the mermaid?
What symbol is Warsaw's symbol?
In what century has imagery been used?
When is the oldest armed seal of Warsaw?
What is a sea monster holding in its claws?
What figure is not fully known?
How did Triton's daughters travel through?
Where did one of them stay?
What village did fishermen come to admire her beauty?
What was the name of the mermaid?
Where was Tamara de Lempicka born?
When was Maria Górska born?
What style did she represent in painting and art?
Who was Nathan Alterman?
Who was the beloved city of Warsaw?
Who ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world in 2012?
When did the Economist Intelligence Unit rank Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?
What type of industries characterize Warsaw's economy?
What is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe?
What agency has its headquarters in Warsaw?
When was Warsaw first referenced?
Where did Warsaw serve as Poland's capital city?
When did Sigismund III Vasa move his court to Warsaw?
Who moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
What has Warsaw gained the title of the "Phoenix City"?
What is the name of the archdiocese in Warsaw?
What is the name of the university of Warsaw?
What was Warsaw's Old Town listed as in 1980?
What type of attractions include the Castle Square with the Royal Castle and the iconic King Sigismund's Column?
What type of gardens is Warsaw filled with?
What is Warsaw's name in the Polish language?
What is formerly spelled Warszewa and Warszowa?
What century was Warsz a nobleman?
What was the name of the village that Warsz owned?
What is the official city name in full?
Where were the first fortified settlements located in today's Warsaw?
Who established the Warsaw settlement?
When did the Prince of Pock establish Warsaw?
When did Masovian Duchy become the official capital of Masovia?
When was the duchy reincorporated into the Polish Crown?
Who was the seat of Warsaw in 1529?
When did Warsaw become the General Sejm permanent?
What did the Warsaw Confederation establish in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Where did Warsaw become the capital of the Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland?
When did Sigismund III Vasa move his court to Warsaw?
When did Warsaw remain the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Who annexed Warsaw to become the capital of the province of South Prussia?
Who liberated Warsaw in 1806?
When was the Congress of Vienna held?
When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?
When was Warsaw occupied by Germany?
Where did Germany withdraw from the Allied Armistice terms?
Who set up the Second Polish Republic?
When was the Battle of Warsaw fought?
Who defeated the Battle of Warsaw?
When did the German Invasion of Poland begin?
What was the General Government?
What percentage of Warsaw's Jewish population was herded into the Warsaw Ghetto?
When did the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begin?
How long did the Ghetto hold out?
Who was deep into Poland by July 1944?
Who was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland?
When did the Warsaw Uprising begin?
How long did the armed struggle last?
How many civilian deaths are estimated in Poland?
What campaign was initiated after World War II?
What type of housing projects were erected in Warsaw?
What is the Palace of Culture and Science?
What is a gift from the Soviet Union?
Where was Warsaw's historic Old Town inscribed in 1980?
Who visited his native country in 1979 and 1983?
What did John Paul II's visit to his native country encourage?
When did John Paul become pope?
Where did John Paul celebrate Mass in Warsaw?
Polish citizens understood these words as what?
How far from the Carpathian Mountains is Warsaw?
How many miles is Warsaw east of Berlin?
What river straddles the city?
How tall is the Szczliwice hill?
Where is the lowest point located?
How many main geomorphologic formations is Warsaw located?
What is Warsaw's asymmetrical pattern of terraces?
What plateau is Warsaw located on?
What river is the specific axis of Warsaw?
What is a moraine plateau called?
What plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds?
What is the highest level on the left side?
What does the contemporary flooded terrace have visible?
What types of terraces are flooded as well as former flooded once?
What is the name of the forest that is forested?
Warsaw's combination of architectural styles reflect what?
When was Warsaw razed to the ground?
When did rebuilding begin?
Who was the palace of Kronenberg?
What is the basic design of mass residential blocks?
What architecture is represented in the majestic churches?
When was St. John's Cathedral built?
What style is St. John's Cathedral a typical example of?
What type of architecture does Baryczko have?
What are the most interesting examples of?
In what century did building activity occur?
When was St. Kazimierz Church built?
What architecture is Czapski Palace?
What architecture can be described by the simplicity of geometrical forms teamed with a great inspiration from the Roman period?
When was the Palace on the Water rebuilt?
What type of architecture did the communist authorities not restore after the war?
What did Exceptional examples of the bourgeois architecture of the later periods do after the war?
What style was the Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier?
What is the most interesting of the late 19th century architecture?
What are the Saxon Palace and the Brühl Palace?
How many places commemorate the heroic history of Warsaw?
What prison is now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom?
What was a place of martyr for the Poles?
Who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising?
What was erected in memory of the largest insurrection of World War II?
Where are the Botanic Garden and University Library garden located?
Where is a palm house located?
What is a big park in the northern Mokotów?
What park is close to the Sejm and John Lennon street?
When was Ogród Zoologiczny established?
Where is the species richness mainly due to?
Where is the Bielany Forest located?
What forest is Bielany Forest located within the borders of Warsaw?
What is another big forest area near the southern city border?
How many botanic gardens does Warsaw have?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
When was the Warsaw area enlargement?
What did Varsovians think of themselves only because they lived in the capital?
What was the first remedial measure for the Warsaw area enlargement?
Warsaw has been a what?
How many people were Catholics?
What percentage of the population were Catholics?
What percentage of Protestants were Catholics?
When was the Warsaw Uprising?
What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?
What are the units of the second level of the territorial division?
What city is Lublin?
What is the name of the council that has 60 members?
How many members are members of the Rata Miasta?
How long are Council members elected?
What does the City Council divide itself into?
How long does the Council have to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote?
What is the name of the mayor of Warsaw?
Who was the first Warsaw President?
When was Jan Andrzej Menich first president?
Who elected the President of Warsaw since 1990?
In the years 1994-1999, what district was designated as the President of Warsaw?
What is Warsaw's city centre?
How many companies were registered in the city in 2006?
Warsaw was ranked as the 7th greatest what?
How much of Poland's national income does Warsaw produce?
What was the total nominal GDP of Poland in 2010?
When was Warsaw's first stock exchange established?
When was Warsaw's first stock exchange established?
When was the free-market economy re-established?
How many companies are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
The stock exchange was previously used as the headquarters of what party?
When was the FSO Car Factory established?
What is the name of the vehicle that has been assembled in the Warszawa, Syrena, Fiat 125p?
Which South Korean car manufacturer purchased the factory in 1995?
Who assembled the Chevrolet Aveo?
What was the name of the factory that AvtoZAZ assembled in 2005?
What is the name of Warsaw?
What is the capital of Poland?
What river stands on?
How many people live in Warsaw?
What is Warsaw the most-populous capital city in the European Union?
What is the capital of Poland?
On what river is it located in east-central Poland?
How long is the Vistula River?
How many people live in Warsaw?
What is Warsaw the most-populous capital city in the European Union?
Where was Normandy located in the 10th and 11th centuries?
When did the Normans give their name to Normandy?
What countries were the Norse pirates from?
Who was the leader of Norse pirates?
In what century did the distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerge?
Who led to the Norman conquest of England at the Battle of Hastings?
Who was forged into a cohesive and formidable principality in feudal tenure?
What orthodoxy did Normans become exponents of?
What does Nordmannus mean?
When was Nordmannus recorded?
When did the Duchy of Normandy begin?
Who established the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte?
Where did the Duchy extend west beyond the Seine?
Before what's the name of's '?
What would the descendants of Rollo's Vikings replace the Norse religion and Old Norse language with?
Where did the descendants of Rollo's Vikings blend their maternal Frankish heritage with Old Norse traditions and customs to synthesize a unique "Norman" culture?
What did Normandy export by 1066?
When did Norman pilgrims return from Jerusalem call in at the port of Salerno?
Which Norman pilgrims were met by Melus of Bari?
Where did Norman pilgrims visit in 1016?
Who was the Hauteville leader?
Who was the elected leader of Melfi?
Where did the Normans capture Sicily and Malta?
When was Roger II of Sicily crowned king?
Where was William Iron Arm's citadel located?
What is the name of the book of Roger?
What is the name of the book written by the Andalusian al-Idrisi for king Roger II of Sicily?
What is a bureaucracy of Jews, Muslims and Christians?
The Normans battled against the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and what other group?
When did Hervé serve as a Byzantine general?
When did Robert Crispin lead the Normans of Edessa?
Who stopped Roussel de Bailleul?
What was the name of the castle?
Who led a force of "Franks" into the upper Euphrates valley?
What forces did Normans join to help in the destruction of the Armenians vassal-states of Sassoun and Taron?
What type of origin did many families of Byzantine Greece have during the Comnenian Restoration?
Who drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy?
When did Dyrrachium die?
How many men led the army in 1081?
Where was Petrela located?
Who was Robert's son?
Where was Petrela located?
When did a large Norman army invade Dyrrachium?
What was invaded by a Norman army in 1185?
Dyrrachium was one of the most important naval bases of what area?
Emma, sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy, and whom of England married?
Emma was the sister of whom?
What country was the Duke Richard II of?
Who forced Ethelred from Normandy?
Who was Edward the Confessor's half-brother?
When did Edward the Confessor return from his father's refuge?
Who was the Archbishop of Canterbury?
When did King Harold II die?
Who conquered England in 1066?
When did William II conquer England?
Who replaced the Normans as the ruling class of England?
What language evolved into?
When did the Normans invade Bannow Bay?
Where did the Normans settle?
What culture and history did the Normans have a profound effect on?
Who opposed William the Conqueror?
Who married Edgar's sister Margaret?
When did William invade Scotland?
Who did Malcolm surrender as a hostage?
Who was the elder brother of King David I of Scotland?
Who built castles and founding noble families?
Who was the earl of Edward the Confessor?
Who did Edward the Confessor charge him with defending the Marches?
Who set up Ralph as earl of Hereford?
In what country was Norman interference at some point?
When did Roger de Tosny travel to the Iberian Peninsula?
Who led the papal army during the War of Barbastro?
When was the Siege of Antioch?
Who was Bohemond of Taranto's nephew?
What was Tancred instrumental in the conquest of?
How long would Cyprus be under Western European domination?
What dispersed the fleet?
What fiancée was anchored on the south coast of Cyprus?
When did Richard the Lion-hearted leave Messina?
Who took prisoner survivors of the wrecks?
Who was Guy's rival?
What was Isaac confined to?
Which prince of the Holy Land arrived in Limassol at the same time?
Who married Berengaria of Navarre?
When was the wedding held?
What was the name of the grand ceremonies that Richard caused himself to be crowned King of Cyprus?
When did the Venetians acquire full control of Famagusta?
Who sold Cyprus after the conquest?
Where did the Poitevine Gadifer de la Salle conquer the Canarian islands of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro?
Who took the title of King of the Canary Islands?
Who sold the rights to the islands in 1418?
Who sold the rights to the islands to Enrique Pérez de Guzmán?
Where does the customary law of Normandy survive?
How many customaries was Norman customary law transcribed in Latin?
What type of idiom did England and Italy spread?
What type of arches was the style of windows and doorways characterised by?
What period of Norman architecture precedes the Anglo-Saxon?
Who succeeds the period of Norman architecture in England?
Where is the Kingdom of Norman-Arab architecture located?
When did the dukes begin a programme of church reform?
Who began a programme of church reform in the early 11th century?
When did the French Wars of Religion begin?
The Bayeux Tapestry is not a tapestry but a work of what?
What is the most famous work of Norman art?
Who was the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent?
What did many churches preserve in Norman Italy?
When was Normandy the site of several important developments in the history of classical music?
Who were the abbots of Fécamp?
Where did several monks of Saint-Evroul flee?
What monastery did the Monks of Saint-Evroul establish?
Who patronised the monks of Saint-Evroul?
What was the tradition of Saint Evroul?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
Who was Nikola Tesla?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
Who was Nikola Tesla?
What type of electricity supply system did Nikola Tesla contribute to?
When did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for in New York City?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Where did Thomas Edison work?
What was the name of the alternating current/direct current?
When did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for in New York City?
Where did Thomas Edison work?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
What was George Westinghouse's patented AC induction motor?
When did Tesla make pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What type of experiments did Tesla pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution?
What did he do in his lab?
In what city did Tesla pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution?
When did Tesla make pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What was one of the first ever exhibited?
What project did he attempt to put intercontinental wireless transmission to practical use?
When did Tesla die?
What was the tesla named in 1960?
Where did he live most of his life?
What is Tesla's name?
What earned him a considerable amount of money?
When did Tesla die?
What was the tesla named in 1960?
In what decade has Tesla been a resurgence in popular interest?
What was Tesla renowned for?
In what country was Tesla born?
What was Milutin Tesla's father?
What memory and creative abilities did Nikola credited to his mother's genetics and influence?
Nikola credited his eidetic memory and creative abilities to what?
What was Milutin Tesla's father?
Who was his father?
Who was Tesla's mother?
What did uka Tesla's father have a talent for?
Nikola credited his eidetic memory and creative abilities to what?
How many children did Tesla have?
What language did Tesla study in Smiljan?
When did the Tesla family move to Gospi?
Who was his older brother?
What sisters did Dane have?
What happened to Dane when Nikola was five?
Where did the Tesla family move to in 1862?
What was Tesla's father's job in Gospi?
Who was Tesla influenced by?
Where were the classes held?
What did Tesla perform in his head?
What did Tesla believe Tesla was able to perform integral calculus in his head?
When did he finish his four-year term?
When did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Where did Tesla move to in 1870?
Who was Tesla influenced by?
Where were the classes held?
When did he finish his four-year term?
What did Tesla contract shortly after he arrived?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
Where did Tesla's father promise to send him to if he recovered from the illness?
What did Tesla's father want him to do if he recovered from the illness?
Where did Tesla return to his birthtown in 1873?
When did Tesla return to his birthtown?
What did Tesla contract shortly after he arrived?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
What did Tesla's father want him to do if he recovered from the illness?
What did Tesla's father promise if he recovered from the illness?
Where did Tesla run away from being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
Who read many books while in Tomingaj?
Where did hunter explore?
When did Tesla evade being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
Where did he explore the mountains?
In 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
When did Tesla evade being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
Where did he explore the mountains?
Who read many books while in Tomingaj?
When did Tesla enroll in Austrian Polytechnic?
What university did Tesla enroll in in 1875?
When did Tesla die?
What did Tesla become addicted to at the end of his second year?
What did Tesla claim he worked from 3 a.m. to 11 p.m.?
Where did Tesla enroll in Austrian Polytechnic?
When did Tesla enroll in Austrian Polytechnic?
When did Tesla die?
What gambled away his allowance and his tuition money during Tesla's third year?
What happened to Tesla if he was removed from the school?
When did Tesla leave Graz?
Why did Tesla leave Graz?
How did Tesla work for 60 florins a month in Maribor?
What did Milutin Tesla ask his son to do?
What caused Nikola to suffer at the same time?
When did Tesla leave Graz?
Why did Tesla leave Graz?
Who thought Tesla drowned in the Mur River?
How did Tesla work for 60 florins a month?
What caused Nikola to suffer at the same time?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospi under police guard?
When was Tesla returned to Gospi?
When did Milutin Tesla die?
What was the cause of Tesla's death?
How did Tesla teach a large class of students in his old school?
When was Milutin Tesla returned to Gospi?
When was Tesla returned to Gospi?
What old school did Tesla teach students?
What type of stroke is the result of?
Where did Tesla leave in 1880?
When did he enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University?
When did Tesla attend lectures at the university?
At what university did he arrive too late to enroll?
Where did Tesla leave in 1880?
When did Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospi?
At what university did he arrive too late to enroll?
Who put together enough money to help Tesla leave Gospi?
Where did Tesla move to in 1881?
What telegraph company did Tesla work under Ferenc Puskás?
What position did Tesla have in the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What did Tesla claim to have perfected during his job?
What was Tesla's job?
When did Tesla move to Budapest to work under Ferenc Puskás?
Where did Ferenc Puskás work?
What telegraph company did Tesla work under Ferenc Puskás?
What position did Tesla have in the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
When did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company?
Where was the Continental Edison Company located?
Where did Thomas Edison relocate in June 1884?
Who hired him to work at Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side?
What company was Thomas Edison hired to work at?
What company did Tesla start working for in France in 1882?
Where was the Continental Edison Company located?
When did Thomas Edison relocate to New York City?
Who hired him to work at Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side?
Where did Thomas Edison work at Edison Machine Works?
How much money is there in it for you?
How much did Tesla pay for a week?
In what month did Tesla work?
How much money is there in it for you?
Why did Edison offer a raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary?
How much did Tesla pay for a week?
Which two businessmen agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name?
What is the name of the electric lighting company in Tesla?
Who designed dynamo electric machine commutators?
What were the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
What were the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
Which two businessmen agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name?
When did Tesla partner with two businessmen?
What is the name of the electric lighting company in Tesla?
What was Tesla's design?
Which company partnered with Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail in 1886?
What did Tesla leave him penniless?
Why did Tesla leave him?
What type of digger did he work for $2 per day?
When did Tesla consider the winter of what year?
What did he lose control of his patents?
What type of digger did he work for $2 per day?
How many jobs did he have to work at?
Who was Alfred S. Brown?
When was the Tesla Electric Company formed?
What would the profits from generated patents go to?
Where is Tesla located?
When did Tesla meet Alfred S. Brown?
Who was Alfred S. Brown?
Who met Alfred S. Brown?
Where was Tesla's laboratory located?
What company did they form in April 1887?
What was one of the things Tesla developed at that laboratory in 1887?
When was the electric motor patented?
What did electric motors not need?
What did electric motors avoid?
What was the design of the electric motor that didn't need a commutator?
When did Tesla develop an induction motor?
Why was the induction motor starting to be built in Europe and the United States?
What did the electric motor avoid sparking and the high maintenance of constantly servicing and replacing?
When was the electric motor patented?
Who arranged for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system?
Where did Thomas Commerford Martin demonstrate his induction motor?
When did Thomas Commerford Martin demonstrate his alternating current system?
What did Westinghouse decide Tesla's patent would control?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine?
Who reported that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system?
Which Italian physicist presented a patent on a similar commutator-less magnetic field-based induction motor?
Who presented a patent on a similar commutator-less magnetic field-based induction motor?
What company did Engineers work for?
When did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
What was the royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor?
Who negotiated a licensing deal with Brown and Peck?
What is the name of the company that hired Tesla for one year?
What was the royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor?
When did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Tesla pay per month for a consultant at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh lab?
Where is the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company located?
In what city did Tesla work?
What did Tesla create to power Pittsburgh's streetcars?
What type of AC current system did Tesla propose?
What type of motor did they use instead of using?
What did Tesla create to power Pittsburgh's streetcars?
What type of motor did they use instead of using?
Who was involved in the "War of Currents"?
Who did Edison hold all the patents for DC and the incandescent light?
What did Edison Machine Works pursue in 1890?
What company was Thomas Edison consolidated into?
What side of the "War of Currents" was Tesla firmly on?
Who was involved in the "War of Currents"?
In what year did Westinghouse license his induction motor?
What resulted in buying up patents and hiring engineers to build a fully integrated AC system?
What company was Thomas Edison consolidated into?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago?
Where did George Westinghouse win the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What was George Westinghouse's bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago?
What did Tesla announce at the Columbian Exposition?
What did Tesla announce at the Columbian Exposition?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago?
Where did George Westinghouse win the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
When did George Westinghouse win the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What was a key event in the history of?
Who led the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company?
Where did Richard Dean Adams lead the Cataract Construction Company?
Who awarded a contract for building a two-phase AC generating system at the Niagara Falls?
Who awarded a contract to build the AC distribution system?
What would be the most reliable system for incandescent bulbs?
Who led the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company?
When did Richard Dean Adams lead the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company?
What would be the most reliable system?
What would a two-phased system be?
When was a patent-sharing agreement signed between Westinghouse and Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse Electric pay for his AC patents?
What was the price of alternating current's rapid gain in popularity?
What was the estimated amount of licenses and royalties that Westinghouse paid to Tesla?
Who backed General Electric?
What was the amount of licenses and royalties that Westinghouse paid to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
How much did Westinghouse Electric pay for his AC patents?
At what age did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
Where was Tesla's South Fifth Avenue laboratory located?
What did he lit wirelessly at both locations?
What coil did he patent in the same year?
When did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What coil did Tesla patent in the same year?
At what age did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What is the potential of wireless power transmission?
Who was Tesla a vice president of?
Who was Tesla a vice president of?
When did Tesla serve as vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Who was Tesla a member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
When did Tesla serve as vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Who was the forerunner of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
What did Tesla do after he noticed damaged film in his laboratory?
When was Tesla's early research lost?
When did Wilhelm Röntgen announce the discovery of x-rays?
What was the only thing captured in the image?
When did Tesla begin investigating what?
What is the term for "Roentgen rays"?
When was much of Tesla's early research lost?
What did Tesla have inadvertently captured?
What was the Geissler tube?
What type of imaging did Wilhelm Röntgen discover?
When did Wilhelm Röntgen discover X-ray and X-ray imaging?
What is X-ray and X-ray imaging?
Tesla devised several experimental setups to produce what?
What is the modern term for the phenomenon produced by bremsstrahlung or braking radiation?
In what year did Wilhelm Röntgen discover X-ray and X-ray imaging?
What is the modern term for the phenomenon produced by bremsstrahlung or braking radiation?
What does Tesla believe the "instrument will... enable one to generate with his circuits?"
What did Tesla believe were longitudinal waves?
What did he believe was caused by the Roentgen rays?
What did he attribute to various causes in his notes on the early investigation of this phenomenon?
Tesla noted the hazards of working with what?
Where can plasma waves occur?
What caused damage to the skin?
What did Tesla believe X-rays were?
Where can plasma waves occur?
What did he write on the early investigation of skin damage?
Who was the Westinghouse engineer who developed an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor?
In what year did Benjamin Lamme start developing a new version of Tesla's induction motor?
Who started branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What device did Tesla use to make a copper egg stand on end?
Who explained the principles of rotating magnetic field in an induction motor?
When did the New York Herald Tribune publish an article on Tesla?
What would a minute particle break off the cathode and pass out of the tube?
When did Tesla feel a sharp stinging pain?
What was Tesla's "electric gun"?
What is the name of the association that Tesla's theories on the possibility of transmission by radio waves go back to?
What device was used in the development of radio?
Where did Tesla's theories on the possibility of transmission by radio waves go back?
In what year did Tesla demonstrate a radio-controlled boat?
What was Tesla's name for a radio-controlled boat?
Where did Tesla demonstrate a radio-controlled boat?
When did Tesla demonstrate a radio-controlled boat to the public?
Who piloted the boat?
When was Tesla granted patents for a "system of transmitting electrical energy"?
Who made his first transatlantic radio transmission in 1901?
When did Marconi make his first transatlantic radio transmission?
When did the Supreme Court restore the patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
Who restored the patents of John Stone?
When did Tesla move to Colorado Springs?
Where did Tesla send signals from Pikes Peak?
When did Tesla perform his first experiments at his Colorado Springs lab?
How long was Tesla's initial spark length?
What type of electricity did Tesla investigate?
What wave did he observe during this time?
What was Tesla's belief that the earth had a resonant frequency?
What did he produce?
How long is the discharge of artificial lightning?
How long was Thunder from the released energy heard?
How did light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab glowed?
What was the name of the electrification of Butterflies?
Why did Tesla fault a power station generator?
What did Tesla find the dynamos in a power house six miles away?
What caused sparks to jump through the windings and destroy the insulation?
What caused the dynamos to jump through the windings?
What was Tesla's conclusion about unusual signals from his receiver?
Who was Tesla hearing signals from?
In what article did Collier talk with planets in 1901?
What did Tesla believe Marconi may have intercepted in July 1899?
When did Marconi intercept his European experiments?
How much money did John Jacob Astor IV invest for Tesla in 1899?
What did John Jacob Astor IV invest in Tesla in 1899?
What money did Tesla use to fund his Colorado Springs experiments?
In what year did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000 for Tesla?
When did Tesla leave Colorado Springs?
What was Tesla's lab torn down in 1904?
When was his lab torn down?
How many years later was the lab torn down?
What was the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility known as?
What was Wardenclyffe?
Where was Wardenclyffe located?
Who asked Tesla for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter?
What did Tesla say he was affected by?
What was Morgan's reaction to Tesla's breach of contract?
How many letters did Tesla write to Morgan over the next five years?
What did Tesla demand to complete the construction of Wardenclyffe?
Who successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland in 1901?
How long was the tower erected?
How many horsepower did Tesla demonstrate on his 50th birthday?
How many rpm did Tesla demonstrate his bladeless turbine on his 50th birthday?
When did Tesla celebrate his 50th birthday?
How many bladeless turbine engines were tested at the Waterside Power Station in New York during 1910-1911?
What type of mechanical oscillator did Tesla create?
Where did Tesla experiment with mechanical oscillators?
What happened to the machine as the speed grew?
In what newspaper was the article "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer" published?
What would a continuation of this process do?
What did Tesla theorize that enhanced intelligence?
How did he create a plan to make dull students bright?
Who approved the plan?
Who approved the plan?
Where did Tesla seek investors before World War I?
What did Tesla lose after the war?
What did Wardenclyffe sell for?
How much did Wardenclyffe sell for?
What was AIEE's highest honor?
What magazine postulated that electricity could be used to locate submarines?
What type of screen did Tesla postulated that electricity could be used to locate submarines?
What type of system has a superficial resemblance to?
Who helped develop France's first radar system in the 1930s?
Who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915?
Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics?
What were the rumors that Tesla and/or Edison refused the prize?
What did the Nobel Foundation say a recipient could only decline a Nobel Prize after he was announced a winner?
Why did Tesla biographers claim that neither was given the award?
How many bids did Tesla receive in 1915?
Who did Tesla receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937?
When did Tesla receive one of 38 possible bids?
What was Tesla's last patent?
What is a biplane capable of taking off vertically?
What did Tesla think the plane would sell for?
What is the earliest proposed design for the tiltrotor/tilt-wing concept?
How much did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla?
What did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay in 1934?
What did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay for his rent at the Hotel New Yorker?
What was Westinghouse worried about?
What is a method of transmitting with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance?
What distance did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss?
How much loss of mechanical energy did Tesla announce in 1935?
What is a method of accurately determining the location of?
When did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance?
In 1937, Tesla left the Hotel New Yorker to make his regular commute to the cathedral and the library?
What doctor did Tesla refuse to consult?
How many of Tesla's ribs were broken in the accident?
When was Tesla able to get up?
When did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker to feed the pigeons?
What weapon did Tesla claim about?
What generator did Tesla study?
Tesla described the weapon as capable of being used against ground-based?
What type of purposes did Tesla describe the weapon as capable of being used against ground-based infantry?
What was a "peace ray"?
In what year did Tesla say that the death ray was not an experiment?
When did Tesla say that the death ray was not an experiment?
What type of pellets are accelerated via high voltage?
How are pellets accelerated?
How much time will pass before I can give it to the world?
What type of weapons did Tesla write a treatise about?
Where is this treatise currently found?
Where is the Nikola Tesla Museum archive located?
How many volts does an open-ended vacuum tube charge particles?
What would a superweapon end?
What did Tesla say had been made to do during the negotiations?
What was the blueprint for the teleforce weapon in his mind?
What had been scrutinized?
At what age did Tesla die?
When did Tesla die?
Who found Tesla's body after she entered Tesla's room?
What sign did Alice Monaghan ignore on Tesla's door two days earlier?
What was the cause of death?
What did the FBI order the Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings?
Who was called in to analyze Tesla items in OAP custody?
What did Trump's report conclude was a hazard in unfriendly hands?
Where was Tesla's entire estate transported to?
Who read a eulogy written by Louis Adamic?
Who wrote a eulogy?
On what date did two thousand people attend a state funeral for Tesla?
How many people attended a state funeral for Tesla?
Where did Tesla attend a state funeral?
Where was Tesla's estate shipped in 1952?
Who was the nephew of Tesla's nephew?
Who transported Tesla's ashes to Belgrade in 1957?
Where was Tesla's estate shipped in 1952?
Where are the ashes displayed?
How many patents did Tesla obtain worldwide?
How many countries have patents been issued to Tesla?
Where were many of Tesla's patents approved?
Where are some of Tesla's patents hidden?
When was the dinner at Delmonico's restaurant?
When did Tesla work every day?
When would Tesla resume his work?
Who would call Tesla's dinner order?
How many miles per day did Tesla walk?
For what exercise did Tesla walk between 8 to 10 miles per day?
How many times did he squished his toes every night?
How did he stimulate his toes?
In an interview with Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said he did not believe in what?
Who interviewed Arthur Brisbane?
What did Tesla believe all fundamental laws could be reduced to?
Tesla walked to the park every day to feed what?
How much money did Tesla spend to build a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal?
What did Tesla build to fix her bones?
Where did Tesla walk every day to feed the pigeons?
In what hotel did Tesla bring injured pigeons back to health?
What was Tesla's weight?
How tall was Tesla?
From what year did Tesla weigh 142 pounds?
Where was Tesla located?
How many languages did Tesla speak?
What did blinding flashes of light appear before his eyes?
What is the construction stage sometimes known as?
What would appear before his eyes?
What memory did Tesla possess?
How long did Tesla spend in a stretch at a gaming table?
How long did Tesla work without sleep or rest?
At what university did Tesla develop a passion for billiards, chess and card-playing?
Who confirmed that Tesla rarely slept?
Who was Kenneth Swezey?
What did Tesla say was helpful to his scientific abilities?
What have many accounts of vying for Tesla's affection?
When did Tesla say he made too much sacrifice to his work?
Who wrote that his genial smile and nobility of bearing always denoted gentlemanly characteristics that were so ingrained in his soul?
Who described him as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force?"
Tesla was prone to what?
What was Tesla prone to seclude himself with his work?
Who was Julian Hawthorne?
Who was Tesla a close friend of in middle age?
In what lab did Tesla spend a lot of time together with Mark Twain?
When did Tesla befriend George Sylvester Viereck?
What kind of people could Tesla be disgusted at times?
What was Tesla fired because of her weight?
Why did Tesla fire a secretary?
What did Tesla ask a subordinate to change her dress?
What did Tesla believe atoms could not change state or be split in any way?
What was the name of the all pervasive system that transmitted electrical energy?
What did he believe in the 19th century concept of an all pervasive "ether"?
When was he a believer in the concept of an all pervasive "ether" that transmitted electrical energy?
What theory of relativity did Einstein criticize?
What was Tesla generally oriented towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy?
What was Einstein's theory of?
What did Tesla claim to have completed in 1937?
When did Tesla claim to have developed his own physical principle regarding matter and energy?
What type of space did Tesla claim to have completed in 1937?
At what age did Tesla claim to have completed a "dynamic theory of gravity"?
What was Tesla a proponent of?
What kind of workings of nature did the belief that humans' "pity" interfered with?
What was the belief that humans interfered with the natural "ruthless workings of nature"?
In what year was he interviewed?
What did Tesla say about the ills of the social subservience of?
When did Tesla comment on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality?
What did Tesla say the future of humanity would be run by in 1926?
When did Tesla make predictions about the relevant issues of the environment?
What are the great forces that will lead to the Consummation of the War?
When was the Consummation of the War published?
What did Tesla believe was not a remedy for the times and issues?
Who was Tesla raised?
What religion did he oppose later in his life?
What religion did he have a profound respect for?
What was Tesla's article published in 1937?
What are his religious views still uncertain?
What was Tesla's article about a machine to end?
What did Tesla write for magazines and journals?
Tesla wrote a number of books and articles for what?
Who compiled and edited My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla?
Where are many of Tesla's writings freely available?
When was the article "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy" published?
What is the name of Tesla's book?
What type of fiction is the impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla a recurring theme?
What has Tesla's legacy endured in?
How many types of science fiction is the impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla?
Who put Tesla on its cover on Tesla's 75th birthday in 1931?
What was Tesla's birthday in 1931?
What did the cover caption "All the world's his power house" mention his contribution to?
Who received congratulatory letters from more than 70 pioneers in science and engineering?
How many pioneers did Albert Einstein receive congratulatory letters from?
What is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to what?
Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation that focuses on classifying what according to their inherent difficulty?
What is a problem regarded as inherently difficult?
How does the theory formalize this intuition?
What are some of the resources needed to solve these problems?
What is used in circuit complexity?
What is one of the roles of computational complexity theory?
What are closely related fields in theoretical computer science?
What are two fields related to computer science?
What is a key distinction between analysis of algorithms and?
What is one of the most related fields in theoretical computer science?
What is the input string for a computational problem referred to as?
What does the input string for a computational problem not be confused with?
What type of utterance can serve as the input for a decision problem?
What can a computational problem be viewed as?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with what?
How many kilometers does the route pass through all of Germany's 15 largest cities?
What is the total length of the trip in Milan?
What does complexity theory address?
What is a string over an alphabet?
What is the set 0,1?
What are strings that are usually taken to be the binary alphabet?
In what format can integers be represented?
How can graphs be encoded?
What is one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the input of the input?
What is the set of all connected graphs associated with this decision problem?
What is the formal language associated with this decision problem?
What is a function problem?
What is expected for every input?
What is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input?
What is one example of the traveling salesman problem?
What is the output of a function problem?
What is the notion of function problems much richer than?
What can the multiplication of two integers be expressed as?
How much time does one want to measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem?
What may the running time depend on?
What is the time required to solve a problem calculated?
What is the size of the input in?
Complexity theory is interested in how algorithms scale with what?
What thesis says that a problem can be solved with a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm?
What can be expressed as a function of n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
What is T(n) a polynomial in n?
What is a mathematical model of a general computing machine?
What is believed to solve a problem?
What is the most commonly used model in complexity theory?
What is contained on a strip of tape?
What is the most basic Turing machine?
What does a deterministic Turing machine use to determine its future actions?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism?
Algorithms that use random bits are called what?
What are many types of Turing machines used to define?
When resources are bounded, what may be more powerful than others?
What types of Turing machines are used to define complexity classes?
What type of machine models have been proposed in the literature?
How can each of these models be converted to another without providing extra?
What consumption of alternate models may vary?
What do all models have in common?
What is a computational model that is allowed to branch out to check many different possibilities at once?
What are some computational problems easier to analyze?
What does the branching of Turing machine capture?
What is a very important resource in analyzing computational problems?
What is the time required by a deterministic Turing machine M on input x?
Because complexity theory is interested in classifying problems based on what?
What denotes the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine?
What amount of space is used to solve a problem?
Time and space are the most well-known what?
What can any complexity measure be viewed as?
What defines complexity measures?
What are very generally defined by the Blum complex axioms?
What are very generally defined by the Blum complex axioms?
What are the three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different inputs of the same size?
What does the best, worst and average case complexity measure?
How does the best, worst and average case complexity measure?
How does the best, worst and average case complexity measure time complexity?
What type of sorting algorithm is considered?
What happens when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order?
How long does the algorithm take for this case?
Who is interested in proving upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by solving a given problem?
What is the field of Analyzing a particular algorithm?
What is the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem?
What is T(n) on the time complexity of a problem?
What do lower bounds make a statement about?
What hides constant factors and smaller terms?
What does the big O notation hide?
What would one write in big O notation?
What is used to make bounds independent of the specific details of?
What classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework?
What do some complexity classes have complicated definitions that don't fit into?
What type of definitions do some complexity classes have?
What does bounding the computation time above by some concrete function f(n often yield complexity classes that depend on?
How can the language xx | x be solved on a multi-tape Turing machine?
What is the model of a multi-tape Turing machine that requires quadratic time?
What thesis states that "the time complexities in any two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related"?
What is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time?
How can complex classes be defined?
What is the time or space used by the algorithm?
What can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm?
What are other important complex classes?
What type of circuits are AC and NC defined using?
What type of Turing machines are BQP and QMA defined using?
What is an important complexity class of counting problems?
What type of proof system is used to define classes like IP and AM?
How long does the complexity class define a bigger set of problems?
What is DTIME(n) contained in?
What are the theorems of space hierarchy?
Why are hierarchy theorems called?
What can we do to increase the number of problems that can be solved?
What are the basis for most separation results of complexity classes?
Where does the time hierarchy theorem tell us that P is strictly contained?
Where does the space hierarchy theorem tell us that L is strictly contained in?
How are complexity classes defined?
A reduction is a transformation of one problem into what?
How does X reduce to Y?
What reductions are based on the method of reduction?
What type of reductions are based on the method of reduction?
What is the most commonly used reduction?
How can the problem of squaring an integer be reduced to?
How long does the reduction process take?
What can be done by giving the same input to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm?
What algorithm can be done by giving the same input to both inputs?
What depends on the notion of hard problems?
What is a problem X hard for a class of problems C?
What does an algorithm for X allow us to solve?
What is the set of problems that are hard for NP?
What type of problems contains the most difficult in NP?
What class of problems contains the most difficult in NP?
What would indicate that NP is not solved?
What class of problems contains the most difficult in NP?
What class is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm?
What is the term for this hypothesis?
What class contains many problems that people would like to solve efficiently?
What is one of the problems that people would like to solve efficiently?
What are special non-deterministic Turing machines?
What can many important problems be shown to have?
What type of prediction can be found in biology?
What is the prize for resolving the problem?
Who showed that if P  NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete?
What are these problems called?
What are examples of problems believed to be NP-intermediate?
What is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
What is the graph isomorphism problem in P?
What collapses to its second level if graph isomorphism is NP-complete?
When graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to what level?
Who has run time 2O((n log(n)) for graphs with n vertices?
What is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer?
What is the factor less than?
What is the RSA algorithm?
What is the best known algorithm for integer factorization?
What are many known complexity classes believed to be unequal?
What is possible that P = PSPACE?
What are RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, PH?
What would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory?
What class contains the complement problems?
What are the problems with the yes/no answers?
What is NP believed to be?
What complexity class is not equal to NP?
What is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
What is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
What classes do NL and NC have?
What two complex classes are not known if L is strictly contained in P or equal to P?
What is not known about complexity classes between NL and NC?
What are problems that can be solved in theory known as?
What might be unusable in practice?
What is intractable in this sense?
In what arithmetic has the decision problem been shown not to be in P?
What has solved the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic?
What problem can algorithms solve over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time?
How can algorithms solve the NP-complete knapsack problem?
What type of problem does SAT solvers routinely handle?
What were many foundations laid out before the actual research devoted to the complexity of algorithmic problems?
Who was most influential in the definition of Turing machines?
What was Alan Turing's definition of?
When did Alan Turing define Turing machines?
What type of machine was Turing a very robust and flexible simplification?
Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns wrote what paper?
Who wrote the seminal paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?
When was Richard Stearns published?
What are the definitions of complex complex?
When was Richard Stearns published?
Who wrote a paper studying problems solvable by Turing machines with specific bounded resources?
When was Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets published?
Who wrote a paper on real-time computations?
What do some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems often assume?
What do some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems often assume?
Who developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms?
What was the name of the axiomatic complexity theory that Manuel Blum developed in 1967?
What was the name of Richard Karp's landmark paper?
How many different combinatorial and graph theoretical problems are NP-complete?
What is a course of study called?
What is the science of teaching?
What university does a person who wishes to become a teacher first obtain?
What can teachers use to facilitate student learning?
Where is the role of teacher often carried out?
What cultures may a teacher's role vary?
How can teachers provide instruction in literacy?
What type of training can teachers provide?
What do teachers provide in the arts, religion, civics, community roles?
What is a teacher occupying a transient or ongoing role?
What can formal education take place in some countries?
What type of education can take place in some countries?
What role does a teacher occupy in informal learning?
Who can assist with informal learning in the wider community setting?
What type of teachers may teach religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible?
What type of texts can gurus teach?
What religious texts are taught by gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas?
Who may teach religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible?
What is the family name for?
Who may be responsible for formal teaching?
What is a CPA?
Where can teaching be carried out informally?
Who may be responsible for formal teaching?
What do teachers help with?
What type of activities do teachers serve as supervisors?
Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips, supervise what?
Outside of the classroom, who may accompany students on field trips?
What are generally established to serve and protect the public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing standards for the teaching profession?
What are teachers' colleges generally established?
What interests are teachers' colleges generally established to serve?
What are the bodies designed to instill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of?
What are teachers' colleges generally established to serve and protect the public interest?
What members of the teacher's colleges are involved in complaints?
What type of misconduct does the teacher's colleges conduct hearings into?
What are the functions of?
What are the functions of?
What are the functions of?
Where do teachers facilitate student learning?
What is a teacher who teaches on an individual basis described as?
Where do teachers facilitate student learning?
What do teachers do in education?
What type of approach is the objective of learning?
Different ways to teach are often referred to as what?
How do teachers assist students in learning outside of the classroom?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What is the name of the internet that has been used by teachers over the past decade?
What is the objective of a course of study?
Who determines standardized curricula?
What type of disabilities does the teacher interact with?
What type of students can the teacher interact with?
What type of curricula can a teacher follow?
What does pedagogy teach students?
What type of learning does the real bulk of learning take place?
What is the job of the teacher to pressure the lazy?
What does the teacher do to the cocky?
Who uses the whole gamut of psychology to get each new class of rookies off the bench and into the game?
What is perhaps the most significant difference between primary and secondary school teaching?
What does each class have a teacher who stays with them for most of the week?
How many subject specialists will teach secondary schools each week?
What is perhaps the most significant difference between teaching?
What type of parent does the relationship between children and teachers tend to be closer in the primary school?
What type of approaches for primary education exist?
What is one system called?
What do students still gain a strong sense of security?
What is the advantage of teachers who specialize in one subject?
In what country does this happen?
What has become a new trend amongst educational institutions?
How many teachers work harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom?
What does co-teaching focus the student on?
How do two or more teachers work to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom?
What does co-teaching provide?
What was the most common form of school discipline?
What was a teacher expected to act as while a child was in school?
What type of discipline was a teacher expected to act as a substitute parent?
What was corporal punishment?
When was a child in school?
What was corporal punishment in the past?
Which countries have banned paddling?
Where does paddling remain lawful?
What court ruled that paddling did not violate the US Constitution?
What did corporal punishment cause?
How many US states have banned corporal punishment?
Where are most of the US states banned corporal punishment?
What is a significant degree still used in some public schools in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Tennessee and Texas?
What is used to administer punishment to the seat of the student's trousers or skirt?
What is the punishment usually given in the classroom or hallway?
What type of punishment is often used in schools in Asian, African and Caribbean countries?
In what countries does corporal punishment remain common?
For details of individual countries, what is the name of the school corporal punishment?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States?
In what schools is detention one of the most common punishments?
What do students normally sit in a classroom during detention?
What do students write during detention?
What type of teacher is prepared to impose their will upon a class?
Positive reinforcement is balanced with what?
What defines what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior?
What is seen as falling outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline?
What are teachers expected to do to their students?
Who advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline?
Where is the educational attainment of countries that combine strict discipline with high standards of education?
What is one reason many problems with modern schooling stem from?
What style of discipline do some teachers and parents advocate?
In what country is average attainment on standardized tests exceeding those in Western countries?
In what country is average attainment on standardized tests exceeding those in Western countries?
In what country is average attainment on standardized tests exceeding those in Western countries?
In what country is average attainment on standardized tests exceeding those in Western countries?
Where are school class sizes typically?
What does maintaining order in the classroom divert the teacher from?
What type of students may teachers focus their attention on?
What do teachers ignore?
What type of students may teachers focus their attention on?
What does Sudbury model democratic schools claim can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
What types of schools claim popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
What is the school atmosphere of?
What is the preservation of public order in schools?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools' proponents argue is a school that has?
What did teachers show towards the course materials?
What do teachers tend to transfer to receptive students?
What do teachers attempt to find new invigoration for the course materials on daily basis?
What rate did enthusiastic teachers rate students?
What is a correlation between students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom?
Students who experienced a very enthusiastic teacher were more likely to do what outside of the classroom?
What do experimental studies have shown that result in higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
What has shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
What level of intrinsic motivation does college students report?
What can enthusiastic teachers lead to students becoming more in their own learning process?
What can facilitate higher levels of intrinsic motivation?
What concept may also apply?
What can contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm?
Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to what?
What is a good idea for enthusiastic teachers to create?
What does academic success include?
What must a teacher guide his student in?
What are closely linked to student-teacher relationships?
What kind of teachers are students likely to build stronger relations with?
What kind of teachers are students likely to build stronger relations with?
What are teachers perceived as supportive and effective?
What are teachers who spend more time working with students perceived as?
What are the three most important aspects of teacher enthusiasm?
What does the teacher need to be about the subject matter they are teaching?
What can spark a spark in the teacher create?
How can an enthusiastic teacher be in the young students life?
What is the way a teacher promotes the course they are?
What type of misconduct has been increased scrutiny from the media and the courts?
What percentage of students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country did the American Association of University Women report that 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
When did students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
Who reported that 9.6% of students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country did a study show a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional?
What groups of professionals were included in a study in England?
How many young people were in a computer-assisted study?
What study posed questions about fourteen types of sexual harassment?
Where are Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau cases?
What did Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers and Mary Kay Letourneau cause?
What has led to several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession?
Who is the general secretary of the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers?
What groups have outraged?
In some jurisdictions, what has caused the shortage of male teachers?
What does Chris Keates say teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on?
What occupational hazards can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What can be caused by a heavy workload?
What are teachers at high risk for?
What occupational hazards can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What occupational hazards can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What percentage of UK teachers experienced occupational stress?
How many teachers experienced occupational stress in 2000?
How much of UK teachers experienced occupational stress?
In what year did teachers experience double the rate of anxiety, depression and stress?
What was the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress that teachers experienced in 2012?
How many ways are there to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
What can be effective in helping to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
What type of interventions are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers?
What can organizations help reduce?
What can be effective in helping to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
How are teachers educated in almost all countries?
What can governments require before they can teach in a school?
What certificate is earned after completion of high school in many countries?
What do many educational institutions require prospective teachers to pass to be able to teach in classroom?
Where do many educational institutions require that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation to be able to teach in classroom?
Who is responsible for education in Australia?
How many tiers does education in Australia follow?
What is TAFE colleges?
What are tertiary education?
What is the three-tier model of education in Australia?
What is required for teaching in Canada?
What is required to become a qualified teacher in most provinces?
Who is the funding of a private school?
What are teachers in Germany mainly recruited in special university classes?
What is a special university class called in Germany?
What is the name of the elementary school?
What is the basis for salaries for teachers?
What is the name of the higher level secondary schools?
What is also given for teaching in a Gaeltacht area or on an island?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher?
How much could a principal of a large school earn?
Where are teachers required to be registered?
What section of the Teaching Council Act 2001 states that a person employed in any capacity in a recognised teaching post may not be paid from Oireachtas funds?
What year was the Teaching Council Act passed?
What does a person who is not registered with the Teaching Council may not be paid from?
When was Garda vetting introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession?
From 2006 Garda vetting has been introduced for what?
On what basis will staff be vetted?
Who can't be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role?
What was the salary for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers in September 2007?
What factors influence salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers?
How much do preschool teachers earn annually?
What must teachers in state schools have?
When did salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers range from £20,133 to £41,004?
What do many counties offer to attract people into teaching?
What are some counties offering alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching?
What is the geographic area and subject taught?
What are expected as retirements?
What type of teachers are expected to retire?
Who registers anyone wishing to teach in Scotland?
What Council for Scotland is required to register anyone wishing to teach in Scotland?
How many Scottish Universities offer Initial Teacher Education?
What is given to the GTCS once completed?
After a year is the GTCS raised to "Full Registration" status?
When did unpromoted teachers earn £20,427 for a Probationer?
How much did unpromoted teachers earn for a Probationer?
How much did unpromoted teachers earn after 6 years teaching?
How did unpromoted teachers earn for the salary year beginning April 2008?
What are teachers in Scotland registered members of?
Where does education differ in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom?
What is the name of the medium of instruction in Wales?
When are lessons in Welsh language compulsory for all pupils?
How many per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction in 2008/09?
What is Welsh medium education available to?
What types of unions are teachers in Wales registered members?
What is the average age of teachers in Wales?
When did attacks on teachers reach an all-time high?
What types of unions are teachers in Wales registered members?
What is the growing cause of attacks on teachers in Welsh schools?
Who determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools?
How long can teachers receive certificates that last?
What is required for public school teachers to have?
What schools do not require teachers to be certified?
Who sets the standards for teachers to be highly qualified?
What have teachers been paid in the past?
What has improved rapidly in recent years?
What do teachers earn more than those with a standard bachelor's degree and certificate?
What was the lowest median salary for K-12 teachers?
What website sells lesson plans to other teachers to earn supplemental income?
How many forms of spiritual or religious teachers are there in Christianity?
What religion is non-Denominational?
What is a Confessor in Roman Catholicism?
What are the three major religions in Christianity?
What is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
Who may fill the role of "spiritual teacher" in the LDS Church?
What is the archetype of the teacher in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
What is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship in the LDS Church?
Where are Priesthood representatives expected to defer to?
What is the spiritual teacher in Hinduism known as?
What is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship in Hinduism?
What are gurus often exercising a lot of control over in Hinduism?
Where is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship high?
What are teachers of Dharma in Tibet most commonly called?
What do phowa and siddhi do to a Lama?
What is a Lama called?
How many times has a Lama determined to be reborn?
How has a Lama determined to be reborn?
Who teach of the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic living according to the Sunnah and Ahadith?
Who teach of the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic living according to the Sunnah and Ahadith?
In what Islamic tradition does the position of spiritual teacher and an esoteric take on a more important dimension?
What is an esoteric or exoteric?
What is the highest of the saints?
What language did Martin Luther speak?
When was Martin Luther a German professor of theology?
What church did Luther reject?
What punishment could be purchased with money?
Why did Charles V refuse to retract all of his writings at the Diet of Worms?
What does Luther teach that salvation and eternal life is received only as a free gift of God's grace?
What did Luther teach that salvation and eternal life is received only as a free gift of God's grace?
Who challenged his theology by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What did theology consider all baptized Christians to be?
What was translated into the vernacular?
What version of the German language was developed?
What was the name of the English translation that influenced the writing of an English translation?
Where did his hymns influence the development of?
Who allowed Katharina von Bora to marry?
When was Martin Luther born?
Where was Martin Luther born?
What empire was Martin Luther part of?
What was St. Martin of Tours baptized as?
What is the name of a lawyer?
At the age of 19 he entered what university?
What was the University of Erfurt described as in 1501?
How many times did he wake every morning?
What has been described as a day of waking at four every morning?
When did he receive his master's degree?
What type of school did Luther enroll in?
What did Luther believe law represented?
What was Luther drawn to?
What did the tutors teach him to be suspicious of even the greatest thinkers?
What did Luther do to Luther?
What did he tell his father he was terrified of?
When did he return to university on horseback?
Where did he enter a closed cloister?
Why did Luther blame the decision on Luther's sadness?
What was his father furious about?
What order did Luther dedicate himself to?
What did Luther describe this period of his life as?
What was the name of Christ the Savior and Comforter?
Who pointed Luther's mind away from continual reflection on his sins toward the merits of Christ?
What did he teach that true repentance does not involve self-inflicted penances and punishments?
When was von Staupitz ordained to the priesthood?
Who was the first dean of the newly founded University of Wittenberg?
When was von Staupitz sent to teach theology?
When did Peter Lombard receive a bachelor's degree in Biblical studies?
What was Peter Lombard's bachelor's degree in 1509?
When was he awarded his Doctor of Theology?
When was he awarded his Doctor of Theology?
What position did Wittenberg have in the senate of the University of Wittenberg?
Where was the senate of the theological faculty received?
What doctor was awarded on 19 October 1512?
When was Johann Tetzel sent to Germany to sell indulgences?
In 1516, Johann Tetzel was sent to Germany to sell indulgences to raise money to what?
Who sent Johann Tetzel to Germany to sell indulgences?
What is fides caritate formata?
What is fides caritate formata?
When did Luther protest the sale of indulgences?
Who was Luther's bishop?
What was the name of the "Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences"?
Who wrote that Luther had no intention of confronting the church?
Where did Hillerbrand write that there is an undercurrent of challenge in several of the theses?
Who did Luther object to a saying that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven') springs?"
What coin in the coffer rings springs as soon as the soul from purgatory?
Who objected to a saying that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven') springs?"
Who did Luther object to a saying that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven') springs?"
Who was the only one to grant forgiveness?
What did he say were in error?
What did the indulgences claim to absolve buyers from?
What did he say Christians should not slacken in following Christ?
Who said he should not slacken in following Christ?
Who was not representative of contemporary Catholic teaching on indulgences?
What was Tetzel's ability to exaggerate?
What was Tetzel's teaching on indulgences for the living in line with the Catholic dogma of the time?
What was Tetzel's teaching in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What story has little foundation in truth?
What story has little foundation in truth?
Who made comments about Wittenberg?
What was Melanchthon thought to be in Wittenberg at the time?
What does the story of the posting on the door have?
When did Luther's friends translate the 95 Theses from Latin into German?
What was the name of the press that aided Luther's controversy?
Who translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German?
How long had copies of theses spread throughout Germany?
How long had copies of theses spread across Europe?
When did Luther's writings reach France, England, and Italy?
Who thronged to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak?
What part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive?
When were three of his best-known works published?
What is the name of the Christian Nobility of the German Nation?
What did Luther teach on the Psalms?
What are the terms used by the Catholic Church in the Bible?
What did he believe the church was?
What did he lose sight of?
What doctrine was the most important for Luther?
What did Luther understand justification as?
When was On the Bondage of the Will published?
What was Faith a gift for Luther?
What article explained his concept of "justification"?
What is the name of the person of whom the Bible speaks?
What was Luther's rediscovery of?
What was Luther's rediscovery of?
What was his railing against?
How many points did Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" become the foundation for the Reformation?
Who did not respond to Luther's letter?
Where did he send theses to in December 1517?
What did he need to pay for his tenure of more than one bishopric?
How much was to go to the building of St Peter's Church in Rome?
When was the theses checked for heresy?
Who was used to reformers and heretics?
What did Luther use over the next three years to harden the reformer's anti-papal theology?
When did Cardinal Cajetan Luther question the papacy?
What did Luther's interpretation of Bible prophecy conclude about the papacy?
What did Cajetan's instructions do if he failed to recant?
When did Karl von Miltitz adopt a more conciliatory approach?
What did Luther promise to do if his opponents did?
Who was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum?
What was Luther's boldest assertion that does not confer popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture?
What did Eck call Luther Luther a?
On what date did the Pope warn Exsurge Domine that he risked excommunication?
How many sentences did Domine have in his writings?
How long did the Pope recanted 41 sentences from his writings?
Who attempted to broker a solution?
When was Luther excommunicated by Pope Leo X?
Who was responsible for the enforcement of the 95 Theses?
When did Luther appear before the Diet of Worms?
What was the name of the general assembly of Worms?
Who presiding over the 1521 event?
Who obtained a safe conduct for Luther?
Who presented Luther with copies of his writings laid out on a table?
Who was Johann Eck assistant to?
What did he stand by?
What day will generate a question?
What did Luther confirm he was their author?
What did Luther raise at the end of the speech?
What did Luther raise his arm in the traditional salute of?
Who considers Luther's speech a "world classic of epoch-making oratory?"
Michael Mullett considers this speech as a "world classic of what?
What did Luther refuse to do?
Who refused to recant his writings?
Why were the words inserted before "May God help me" only in later versions of the speech?
What type of words would Luther choose?
What were held over the next five days to determine Luther's fate?
When did the Emperor present the final draft of the Edict of Worms?
Who presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms?
What did the Edict of Worms require?
What did anyone have to do without legal consequence?
What happened during his return trip to Wittenberg?
Where did Luther escort Luther to?
What was Luther's name during his stay at Wartburg?
What did Luther translate from Greek to German?
What did Albrecht do to stop the sale of indulgences in his episcopates?
What did he argue that every good work designed to attract God's favor is?
What does God's grace mean?
When did Luther write to Melanchthon?
Who is the victor over sin, death, and the world?
What does this life not exist in?
When did Luther widen his target from pieties to doctrines at the heart of Church practices?
What did On the Abrogation of the Private Mass describe the idea that the Mass is a sacrifice?
What did he say the Mass is to be received with thanksgiving?
What did the Pope encourage in his essay on Confession?
What did he assure monks and nuns that they could do without sin?
What did Luther place the foundations of the Reformation on in 1521?
When did Luther deal with prophecy?
When was the prophecy of the Little Horn centered?
What prophecy did Daniel 8:9–12 prophecy?
The power of the Papacy was identified as what of 2 Thessalonians 2?
Who supported Andreas Karlstadt?
When did Andreas Karlstadt embark on a radical programme of reform?
What did the reforms provoke?
What was the name of the visionary zealots?
Who asked Luther to return?
When did Luther return to Wittenberg?
What did Satan write to the Elector?
How many sermons did Luther preach for eight days in Lent?
What were the eight sermons that Luther preached for eight days in Lent?
What did he remind the citizens to do instead of violence?
What was the effect of Luther's intervention?
Who wrote to the elector: "Oh, what joy has Dr. Martin's return spread among us?
When did Jerome Schurf write to the elector?
What has Dr. Martin's return spread among us?
What are his words bringing back every day into the way of the truth?
Along with the authorities, how did he restore what?
What type of force did he signal his reinvention as in the Reformation?
Who was banished?
What did the Zwickau prophets do to the new order?
What church did the Zwickau prophets fight against?
Who helped instigate the German Peasants' War?
What war did preachers help instigate?
When did the German Peasants' War begin?
What would support an attack on the upper classes in general?
What class did many peasants believe he would support an attack on?
What did Luther remind the aggrieved to obey?
When did he become enraged at the burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces and libraries?
What did Thieving Hordes of Peasants call for the nobles to put down the rebels?
What did Thieving Hordes condemn the violence?
Who did Thieving Hordes call for to put down the rebels like mad dogs?
Why did Luther justify his opposition to the rebels?
What did St. Paul do in choosing violence over lawful submission to the secular government?
Who did St. Paul write in his epistle to the Romans 13:1–7 that all authorities are appointed by?
What doctrine forms the foundation for the doctrine known as?
What did the peasants deserve?
Why did many rebels lay down their weapons?
Who defeated Frankenhausen in 1525?
When did the Swabian League defeat Frankenhausen?
Who was executed at the Battle of Frankenhausen?
What wing did Luther's Reformation flourish?
Who was one of the 12 nuns he helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent?
Where did Martin Luther smuggle the nuns out of the Nimbschen Cistercian convent?
How old was Katharina at the time of their marriage?
How old was Luther at the time of their marriage?
When did Martin Luther marry Katharina von Bora?
When was the couple engaged with Johannes Bugenhagen, Justus Jonas, Johannes Apel, Philipp Melanchthon and Lucas Cranach?
When did Bugenhagen marry Bugenhagen?
The ceremonial walk to the church and what event were left out?
On what date were the ceremonial walk to the church and the wedding banquet made up?
Who was the witness of the couple's marriage?
What did Luther's wedding set on clerical marriage?
What did Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on?
What did Melanchthon condemn his vows of celibacy?
What is the cause of the death of a heretic?
What did Melanchthon call his decision to marry?
What former monastery did Luther and his wife move into?
What monastery did Luther and his wife move into?
How many children did Hans – June 1526 have?
What did Luther say: "My Katie is in all things so obliging and pleasing to me that I would not exchange my poverty for?"
How did Katharina help the couple earn a living?
What was the Biblical ideal of congregations?
What was the name of the church that he established from 1525 to 1529?
What was the name of the worship service that he laid down from 1525 to 1529?
How many catechisms did he write a clear summary of the new faith?
What is Luther's thought?
To avoid confusing or upsetting the people, Luther avoided what?
Where did he concentrate on the church?
What role did the Electorate of Saxony act as?
Who was the new elector?
What was Martin Brecht's role in a church government?
When did Luther write a German Mass?
In what year did he not intend it to be a replacement for the "simple people"?
What was the name of the "public stimulation for people to believe and become Christians"?
What did Luther omit?
What was the option of trappings such as the Mass vestments, altar, and candles?
When did the Electorate of Saxony begin?
When did Luther and his colleagues introduce the new order of worship?
What is the standard of pastoral care in the territory?
What doctrine did Luther say the common people know nothing at all?
Why are many pastors well-nigh unskilled and incapable of teaching?
What was Luther's method of imparting the basics of Christianity to the congregations?
When did he write the Large Catechism?
Who wrote the Large Catechism?
Who memorized the Small Catechism?
What did Luther incorporate in the catechism?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
What did he plan to collect?
What is the Bondage of the Will?
What has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching?
What is Luther's translation of?
What helped parents teach their children?
What type of small catechism was effective for pastors?
What language did Apostles' Creed use?
What did Luther depict the Trinity as?
When does Salvation originate?
When did Luther publish his German translation of the New Testament?
When did Luther complete the translation of the Old Testament?
What did Luther complete in 1534?
What word was criticised for inserting after "faith" in Romans 3:28?
What does whoever speak plainly and clearly about cutting away works have to say?
Where was the variant of German spoken in Luther's translation?
Where did the translation of Luther speak German?
Who can read the Bible without obstacles?
What does the Bible mean to other people?
What do we remove to make the Bible accessible to everyday Germans?
What type of publications did Luther's version become popular and influential?
Luther's version became a popular and influential what?
What did the German language contribute to?
Who wrote woodcuts that contained anti-papal imagery?
Who wrote the English Bible?
What type of hymns did Luther write?
What did Luther connect with?
In connection with worship, school, home, and public arena, what was his tool of choice for worship?
What was the name of the waldzither that became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century?
What lute became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century?
What were Luther's hymns often evoked by?
Who was the first person to be martyred by the Roman Catholic Church?
What did Luther write the hymn "A new song we raise?"
Who wrote the hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an"?
What is the first line of John C. Messenger's translation?
When was Luther's three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed in the Small Catechism?
What is Luther's three-part explanation of in the Small Catechism?
What is Luther's 1529 three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed?
What was Luther's hymn adapted and expanded from?
Why do 20th-century Lutherans rarely use the hymn?
When was Luther's hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer?
What is the name of the hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer?
What was the purpose of the hymn?
How many revisions does the extant manuscript show?
What verse has been adopted by other verses of the Lord's Prayer?
When did Luther write "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir"?
What was Luther's hymnic version of in 1523?
What did Luther encourage evangelical colleagues to use in German worship?
What is the first Lutheran hymnal?
Why was "Aus tiefer Not" designated as a regular component of several regional Lutheran liturgies?
What was the main hymn for Advent?
What was the name of the hymn "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland"?
What was "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" based on?
How many hymns did Zehn Gebot write on the Ten Commandments?
What became known as?
What does Luther's hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" reflect in the Small Catechism?
What preexisting tune was used to introduce the Lutheran Reformation in Halle in 1541?
What was Psalm 67's preexisting Johann Walter tune associated with?
Who used the rich hymn as a subject for their work?
Where was the Lutheran Reformation in 1541?
Where were Luther's hymns included?
How many of the eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch?
How many of the 26 songs of the Erfurt Enchiridion were supplied by Johann Walter?
How many of the 32 songs in the first choral hymnal were supplied by Johann Walter, Eyn geystlich Gesangk Buchleyn?
Who wrote the first choral hymnal?
Who included several verses as chorales in his cantatas?
What did Johann Sebastian Bach based entirely on his cantatas?
When did Christ lag in Todes Banden?
When was Ach Gott lag in Todes Banden?
In what year was Wär Gott nicht mit uns?
What does Luther believe a Christian's soul do after it is separated from the body in death?
What did Luther reject for the saints?
Where do the saints enter a prepared bedchamber?
What did Purgatory do?
What article describes the saints as currently residing in their graves and in heaven?
Who observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians?
What Lutheran theologian did Pieper observe that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul differed from the later Lutheran theologians?
Who did the Lutheran theologian think of Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death?
When did Lessing arrive at the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy on this issue?
What passage concludes that "the soul does not sleep (anima non sic dormit), but wakes (sed vigilat) and experiences visions?
Who argued that John Jortin misread this and other passages from Luther?
When did Francis Blackburne argue that John Jortin misread Luther passages?
Who pointed out in 1867 that it actually refers to the soul of a man "in this life"?
What interrupts the sleep of a man in his bedchamber?
When did Philip I convoke an assembly of German and Swiss theologians?
Who was Philip I?
What did Philip I establish in the emerging Protestant states?
How many points was the agreement reached on the Eucharist?
What is the sacrament of the Lord's Supper?
What did theologians differ on at the Last Supper?
What did Luther insist on in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther call the Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther believe God was only spiritually or spiritually present?
According to transcripts, the debate sometimes became what?
When did the Marburg Colloquy sign the Augsburg Confession?
What paved the way for the signing of the Augsburg Confession?
What League did John of Saxony form?
Who did not sign these agreements?
Who formed the Schmalkaldic League?
Why did some scholars believe that Luther taught faith and reason?
What did some scholars believe Luther taught that were antithetical in the sense that questions of faith could not be illuminated by reason?
What does "[That] Reason in no way contribute to faith?"
What did some scholars believe Luther taught that were antithetical in the sense that questions of faith could not be illuminated by reason?
What is Luther's concern in honoring?
What did Luther write in 1523 that discouraged mistreatment of the Jews?
Why did Luther lose hope as the Reformation continued?
Who did Luther discourage mistreatment of in 1523?
Who did Luther unleash venom on?
When did Von den Juden und ihren Lügen take its place among other anti-Jewish literature of the times?
What did Luther see the Turks as?
What did God send the Turks to?
What did Luther believe the Turks were agents of the Biblical apocalypse?
What was the antichrist Luther believed to be?
What did Charles V urge the Germans to fight against the Turks?
In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of what?
What did he produce?
What was the name of the pamphlet he produced?
What did Luther see the Muslim faith as?
What did he want the Qur'an to be exposed to scrutiny?
What did Johannes Agricola say God's gospel revealed to Christians?
Who preached a sermon in which he claimed that God's gospel revealed God's wrath to Christians?
Where did theses assert that the law is not to be taught to Christians?
What series of theses did Luther respond to?
What book did Güttel write in 1539?
What has Luther called the law?
What is the Holy Spirit's tool to do in man's heart?
What is used to work sorrow over sin called the law?
What does removing the three letters l-a-w from the church do?
What type of people does the church consist of?
What does the Ten Commandments teach the Christian?
What kind of commandments are considered not as God's condemning judgment but as expression of his eternal will?
What has traditionally been called the "whole third use of the law?"
What is Luther's life?
What kind of commandments are considered not as God's condemning judgment but as expression of his eternal will?
What is the sacrament of the Ten Commandments?
What are the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians given to them by the sacrament of baptism?
What do the eschatological overtones of the Ten Commandments do not encourage world-flight?
What was the name of Philip I's wife's ladies-in-waiting?
What was the name of Philip I, Landgrave, who wanted to marry one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting ladies-in-waiting ladies-in-waiting ladies-in-waiting ladies-in-waiting ladies-in-waiting ladies-in-wait
Who did Philip I marry from December 1539?
What does the history of the landgrave hold Luther accountable for?
What caused the affair to Luther's reputation?
How many years ago did Luther live in a local community?
What did Luther write about during his career?
What did Luther see Jews as a rejected people guilty of?
Why did the Jews reject the blasphemers and liars?
What did Luther try to do when he failed to convert them to Christianity?
What was Luther's treatise on the Jews and Their Lies?
When was the Holy Name and the Lineage of Christ published?
How long before his death did he die?
What did Luther argue the Jews were no longer chosen people?
What did Luther's words "We are at fault in not slaying them" mean?
Who did Luther speak out against in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia?
Who wrote and issued many heretical books in which he said that who would help the Jews was doomed to perdition?
Who wrote and issued many heretical books in which Josel of Rosheim said that whoever would help the Jews was what?
Why did Josel ask the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of what?
When did riots lead to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What rhetoric contributed to the development of antisemitism in Germany?
What did the Nazis do in the 1930s and 1940s?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What was the first edition of On the Jews and their Lies published?
When did seven Protestant regional church confederations issue a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge?
Who suggested preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory?
Who argued that Luther's writing was a "blueprint"?
Who published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht?
What did the Germans call the Germans "the warner of his people against the Jews?"
What did the Nazis use Luther's work as?
What resulted in Luther becoming one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism?
What did Luther provide material for?
When did Johannes Wallmann argue that Luther's writings against the Jews were largely ignored?
His position was entirely what?
What lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism?
Who writes that Luther is credited with Germanizing the Christian critique of Judaism and establishing anti-Semitism as key element of German culture and national identity?
What did Paul Rose argue he caused to enter German thought and discourse?
Who used Luther's hostile publications to justify the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists?
What did a large number of German Lutheran clergy and theologians use during the Nazi Third Reich to justify the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists?
What was the result of Luther's antisemitic views?
When did Luther's antisemitic views develop?
What did Edwards say Luther used for effect?
What are "Turks"?
In what book did Edwards write about Luther's antisemitic views?
In what decade have Lutheran denominations repudiated Martin Luther's statements against the Jews?
What did Strommen et al.'s survey of 445 North American Lutherans compare to other minority groups?
Who was Professor of Modern History at the University of Nottingham?
When did Richard Geary write an article on who voted for the Nazis?
From 1531 to 1546, what deteriorated his health?
What scandal caused Luther to play a leading role in Rome?
What type of stones did he suffer from in 1536?
What ear infection ruptured an ear drum?
What did he feel in December 1544?
What made him short-tempered and even harsher in his writings and comments?
What did his poor physical health make him short-tempered and even harsher in?
What did his poor physical health make him short-tempered and even harsher in his writings and comments?
Who was overheard saying, "Dear husband, you are too rude"?
How many times did Luther preach in the Market Church in Halle?
Where was his last sermon delivered?
When was his last sermon delivered?
What obdurate was devoted to?
What territory did Léon Poliakov expel from?
What did Luther say: "We want to practice Christian love toward them and pray that they convert?"
Where was Luther's final journey to?
What did Luther participate in in Mansfeld in 1545?
When did Luther return to Mansfeld?
When was a third visit needed?
Why was Luther's final journey to Mansfeld taken?
When were the negotiations successfully concluded?
After 8 a.m., he experienced what?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
What was the common prayer of the dying?
At what time?
What stroke deprived him of his speech?
When did he die?
When did he die?
Where was he buried?
Who held the funeral?
What was Luther's last statement?
In what language did the statement contain "We are beggars"?
What was the statement in Latin?
What was Luther's size crucial to the spread of Protestantism?
What kind of saint was Luther presented as a stout man with a "double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck?"
What was he shown to be?
What religious order did the viewer know that he did not shun earthly pleasures like drinking?
When were printed images of Luther crucial to the spread of Protestantism?
When is Luther honoured?
Where is Luther commemorated on 31 October?
When is the Calendar of Saints commemorated?
In what church is the calendar of Saints commemorated on 31 October?
Who is honoured with a commemoration in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints and in the Episcopal Calendar of Saints?
What is Southern California often abbreviated?
How many counties does Southern California comprise?
What is Southern California a major economic center for?
What are the reasons why the region is traditionally described as "eight counties"?
What is the definition of Kern and San Luis Obispo based on?
What is one of the 11 megaregions of the United States?
How many megaregions are in the United States?
Where does the megaregion extend east into Las Vegas?
Where is Tijuana located?
Where does the megaregion extend south across the Mexican border?
Along what coast is Southern California located?
How many metropolitan areas does Southern California have?
How many people live in the Los Angeles area?
Where is the city of Southern California located?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles area?
What river is at the border with Arizona?
Where is the Colorado River at the border with Arizona?
What desert is at the border with Nevada?
Where is the border to the south?
Where is Los Angeles and San Diego located?
How many people live in Los Angeles?
What is the name of the two major cities in southern California?
What city is the largest metropolitan area in southern California?
Where is California located?
Where are Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside?
Where are Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside located?
What are Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside?
How many most populous counties are in the United States?
What are Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside?
What district in Los Angeles is also a name associated with the motion picture industry?
Where is the motion picture, television, and music industry centered?
Who owns ABC?
What type of music industry is centered on the Los Angeles in southern California?
Who owns Universal, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers?
What type of culture is Southern California home to?
Who is a professional skateboarder?
Who live in southern California?
What island is second only in terms of famous surf breaks?
What is the name of the annual yacht race from Los Angeles to Hawaii?
What desert city is popular for its resort feel?
What do locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for?
Where do locals and tourists visit for their beaches?
What is Palm Springs popular for?
What is the latitude of California's north-south midway point?
How many miles south of San Jose is California's north-south midway point?
How many southern-most counties of the state are in southern California?
What is the northern boundary of Point Conception?
Where is the state divided into two areas?
What country ruled California?
Where did political disputes rage between the Californios of Monterey and Los Angeles?
Which Californios were in the upper part of California?
What is the line of the division of Alta California?
What type of state did the Compromise of 1850 allow California to be admitted to the Union?
What are Californios dissatisfied with?
What is the name of the small town in southern California?
How many times did Californios attempt to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status?
How many % of voters approved Colorado?
Who was the strong advocate of the proposal sent to Washington, D.C.?
In 1900 what newspaper defined southern California as?
When did the Los Angeles Times define southern California?
When did the Times add a newer county to the list?
What county was added to the Times list in 1999?
How many counties did the Los Angeles Times define southern California?
What are the northern, central, and southern California regions?
What is the name of the two AAA Auto Clubs of Southern California?
What point of view are the two AAA Auto Clubs of Southern California?
What geographic phrase would split the southern region off at the crest of that transverse range?
What type of region is California most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups?
What is the most populated megalopolis in the United States?
What are some of the largest urban areas in Southern California?
What area of California is known for its large, spread-out communities?
What type of highways are used in southern California?
What type of region is San Diego-Tijuana?
What is the main gap to continued urbanization?
What empire does Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with?
Who considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas as separate from Los Angeles County?
What Counties were developed in the 1980s and 1990s?
When were most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties developed?
What climate does Southern California have?
What type of rain does Southern California have?
What is the temperature range in the summers?
What is snow in the Southwest of the state?
What is the average temperature range in the summers?
What is the name of the region that spans from islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains?
What kind of collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes are in Southern California?
What type of landscapes does Southern California consist of?
What Ranges have their peaks?
What are the large and small interiors of California?
How many earthquakes does the southern California area have each year?
How small are almost all of them?
What was the magnitude of the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
What caused the most damage of any earthquake in the U.S. history?
What is the estimated amount of property damage caused by the earthquake?
What Fault can produce a magnitude 8.0 event?
What is the magnitude of the San Andreas Fault?
What is the other fault of the San Jacinto Fault?
Who released a California Earthquake forecast?
What is a California Earthquake forecast?
What is Southern California divided into distinct regions?
What type of recognition does Southern California have?
What type of ally is Southern California divided into distinct regions?
When did the United States Census begin?
What was the reputation of southern California's rate?
What was the state average in the 2000s?
What was the main reason for California's growth in the Bay Area?
What is the name of the region that has a strong tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area?
How many Statistical Areas does Southern California have?
How many extended metropolitan areas are in the region?
How many people live in the region?
Where do the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles area?
Where are the two largest cities in all of California?
How many people live in San Diego?
How many cities are in southern California?
How many people live in southern California?
Where are San Bernardino and what other city?
What fuel is heavily dependent on?
What genre of music is Southern California famous for?
In what year was the region a leader in the housing bubble?
What is Southern California's economy?
How has the housing bubble affected the region?
In what decade have motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing been major industries?
What agricultural region in the U.S. was cattle and citrus a major industry?
What was one of the major industries in the U.S. until farmlands were turned into suburbs?
What was one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S.?
What industry continues to be a major factor in military spending cuts?
What is Southern California home to?
What are Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside?
What is the name of the Central business district?
What are the major districts within the Los Angeles area?
Where are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Long Beach located?
Where is Warner Center located?
Where are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Long Beach located?
What does the San Bernardino-Riverside area maintain?
What area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town and University Town?
What is the name of the business district in San Bernardino-Riverside?
What county is a rapidly developing business center?
Where is Orange County headquartered?
Where is Orange County's business center located?
What is the name of Orange County's business center?
What type of business center is Orange County?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
Where are most of the districts located?
Where are some of San Diego's districts located?
What city is the central business district of San Diego?
What is the second busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume?
What is Los Angeles International Airport the second-busiest airport in the United States?
What is Southern California's busiest airport by international passenger volume?
What is the busiest single runway airport in the world?
What is the world's busiest general aviation airport?
What is the name of the commuter rail system that runs out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many lines of Metrolink run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
What is the name of the city that connects San Diego, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego counties?
What is the busiest commercial port in Southern California?
What is the second busiest container port in Southern California?
Where is the Port of Los Angeles located?
What is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base?
The Tech Coast is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base as well as its multitude of prestigious and world-renowned universities and other public and private institutions?
The Tech Coast is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base?
How many University of California campuses do Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego have?
How many California State University campuses are there?
What sports team is the Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers?
What sports team is the Los Angeles Clippers team?
What sports team is the Los Angeles Angels team?
What league is the Anaheim Ducks team?
What is the name of the MLS?
Which Major League Soccer team played at the StubHub Center?
How many Major League Soccer teams played in Los Angeles from 2005 to 2014?
In what year did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA play at the StubHub Center?
Where did the Los Angeles Galaxy and Chivas USA play?
In what year did Chivas return to the MLS?
What sports sports are popular in southern California?
Who is the Bruins of the Pac-12 Conference?
Who are both field teams in the NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference?
In what conference do the USC Trojans and UCLA Bruins field teams in?
In what division do the USC Trojans and UCLA Bruins field teams in?
What is a growing sport in southern California?
Where is rugby a growing sport in southern California?
What is rugby a growing sport in southern California?
Who became the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
Who became the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
In what year did BSkyB acquire Sky Italia?
What did British Sky Broadcasting Group change its name to?
What company did British Sky Broadcasting Limited name?
When was Setanta Sports awarded two of the six Premier League packages?
How many of the six Premier League packages did the Irish broadcaster setanta Sports receive in May 2006?
Which B monopoly came to an end from the 2007-08 season?
How much did Sky collect the remaining four for?
What consortium was BSkyB excluded from?
What was BSkyB able to join ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement?
How many BSkyB channels were available on this platform prior to October 2005?
What three channels were available on the BSkyB platform prior to October 2005?
Sky Three was later re-branded as what?
What service did BSkyB initially charge additional subscription fees for?
When did Sky launch a new TV advertising campaign?
What do customers who do not subscribe to BSkyB's channels pay to enable Sky+ functions?
When did BSkyB discontinue the Sky+ Box?
What did BSkyB issue as standard?
What pay-TV scrambling system does BSkyB use?
Who owns the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system?
What company is NDS owned by?
What company uses the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system?
What is the PVR offering branded?
What did Virgin Media remove from the network on 1 March 2007?
When did BSkyB and Virgin Media become involved in a dispute over the carriage of Sky channels on cable TV?
What did Virgin Media claim BSkyB had for the channels?
What content was not previously carried by cable?
What did Virgin Media claim BSkyB had increased the asking price for the channels?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
What will SkyDrive become on 27 January 2014?
What does "SkyDrive Pro" become?
What service will BSkyB and Microsoft rename?
Who was the former chief executive officer of the service?
What is the name of the channel that was previously available free-to-air?
When was BSkyB's analogue service closed?
What platform was BSkyB's analogue service launched?
How many households did BSkyB reach by mid-1994?
What is the name of Sky UK Limited?
What is Sky UK Limited?
How many customers are in UK's pay-TV broadcaster as of 2015?
Who overtaked the UK's most popular digital TV service in April 2007?
What is the name of the broadband router in the Sky Q range?
How do the Sky Q Mini set top boxes connect to?
What can all set top boxes in a household do?
When will Sky Q be available?
When will Sky Q be available?
What is BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts in?
What type of soundtracks are included in the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels?
Sky+ HD is broadcast using what?
What system does EPG use?
What standard does most of Sky+ HD material use?
When was Sky Digital launched?
What satellite was located at the 28.5°E orbital position?
What is now Eutelsat 33C?
How many television and radio channels was Sky Digital capable of carrying?
Where was the Astra 2A satellite located?
When did BSkyB launch Sky+ HD?
How many people registered to receive the HD service?
Who was the manufacturer of BSkyB's set top box?
How many customers had yet to receive the service?
What was the total number of homes with Sky+HD?
When did BSkyB announce its intention to replace three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels?
When did Setanta Sports announce it would launch a subscription service on the digital terrestrial platform?
How many free-to-air channels did BSkyB replace with four subscription channels?
What was NTL's service re-branded as?
What sport is included in the BSkyB portfolio?
What is a monthly subscription called?
What does free-to-view mean?
What type of receiver needs to be used to view encrypted content?
What is a universal LNB?
What service is a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver dedicated to?
In what year were talks held for the broadcast rights for the Premier League?
Who fought hard to retain the new rights?
How much did ITV increase its offer per year to keep control of the rights?
Who joined forces with BSkyB to make a counter bid?
How much did BSkyB pay for the Premier League rights?
What company has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG?
How much does BSkyB's EPG cost?
What has BSkyB veto over the presence of channels on their EPG?
What does BSkyB do in this case?
What does BSkyB do in this case?
When was BSkyB's digital service officially launched?
What was BSkyB's digital service officially launched?
What is BSkyB now called?
What service did BSkyB compete with?
How many digiboxes were sold within 30 days?
When was Virgin Media re-branded?
What company was re-branded in 2007 from NTL:Telewest?
What service did Virgin Media focus on?
What channel did Virgin Media only carry from 30 November 2006 until 30 July 2009?
What did Virgin Media have in the future?
How many homes were BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service available?
How many people did the broadcaster say it had reached its target?
When was BSkyB's direct-to-home service first announced?
How much of households in the UK had its reach?
What was the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe?
What was Alec Shelbrooke proposing for benefits and tax credits?
What was the "Welfare Cash Card" used to buy?
What happened to a subscription to BSkyB?
What did the UK government check in 2012?
What would a subscription to sports channels betray in the household?
What is the annual carriage fee for the channels?
What does the new deal include?
Who agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their respective basic channels?
Who previously offered High Definition and Video On Demand content?
How did BSkyB and Virgin Media terminate all High Court proceedings against each other?
What is the economy of Victoria?
What is Victoria's total gross state product ranked in Australia?
What is Victoria ranked in terms of GSP per capita?
What city is home to a number of museums, art galleries and theatres?
What is the largest stadium in Australia?
Where is Victoria's legacy particularly strong?
Where was the Lambing Flat riots?
Where was a riot in 1857?
How many miners died in typhoid at Buckland Valley in 1854?
What were the conditions on the gold fields?
What type of representation system did the Victorian Legislative Council elections take place in November 2006?
How many electorates was the State of Victoria divided into?
How many representatives were elected by Single Transferable Vote?
How long is the term of office for the upper house members?
When do Elections for the Victorian Parliament occur?
What party is ALP?
What party of Australia is the centre-left Australian Labor Party?
What is Australia's main political party?
Who won their first lower house seats in 2014?
What party is ALP?
What percentage of Victorians describe themselves as Christian?
What percentage of the Victorian population is Roman Catholic?
What religion is the state's largest non-Christian religion?
How many members of Buddhism are in the most recent census?
How many Victorians claim no religion?
Where is Victoria located?
What is Victoria Australia's state?
What is Victoria's most densely populated state overall?
What is Australia's second-largest city?
What is Melbourne Australia's largest city?
What was the name of the Aboriginal peoples in Victoria?
When did Great Britain claim the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian east?
Where was Victoria included in the wider colony?
Where was the first settlement in Victoria?
When was the first settlement in Victoria?
How many square kilometers of Victorian farmland are sown for grain?
How much of wheat is sown for wheat?
How many square kilometers of Victorian farmland are sown for grain?
How much of Australian pears are produced by Victorian farms?
How many tonnes of tomatoes were produced last year?
When was the Victoria Constitution Act 1855 enacted?
What was the Constitution Act 1855?
Who can amend the Victorian Constitution?
What provisions require an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum?
What Act established the Parliament as the state's law-making body for matters coming under state responsibility?
What are the Mallee and upper Wimmera?
What is the average temperature in summer?
What is the average temperature in winter?
What was Victoria's highest temperature since World War II?
When was Victoria's highest temperature recorded?
What are public schools also known as?
Who runs public schools?
What extra costs are levied?
Private fee-paying schools include parish schools run by which church?
What standards must all schools comply with?
What brands are Ford, Toyota and Holden manufacturing plants in Victoria?
What year did Toyota announce a closure?
When did Holden announce Holden's announcement?
When will the Victorian plants in Broadmeadows and Geelong close?
What car manufacturer has Victoria been the base for?
How high are the alpine areas in Victoria?
What is Victoria's highest peak at 1,986 m (6,516 ft)?
What is the highest peak in Victoria?
What type of system is there in Victoria?
What is the name of the state symbol?
What is the coldest part of Victoria?
What mountain system extends east-west through Victoria?
What direction does the Great Dividing Range extend through Victoria?
What is the average temperature in winter?
What is the state's lowest minimum temperature?
What type of lines do public and private railway operators operate in Victoria?
Which major operator runs an extensive passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs?
Who owns V/Line?
Pacific National and CFCL Australia operate what type of services?
What type of system does Metro Trains Melbourne run?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian House of Representatives?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian Senate?
What is the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria?
What is the upper house?
Who is the Governor of Victoria?
When were writs issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council?
When were writs issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council?
What was one of the biggest es the world has ever seen?
How much did Victoria's population increase in 10 years?
How many ounces of gold did Victoria produce in the decade 1851-191860?
How many public schools did Victoria have as of August 2010?
How many Catholic schools did Victoria have as of August 2010?
How many students were enrolled in public schools?
How many full-time teachers are in Victoria?
How many private students attend Catholic schools?
Where is the centre of dairy farming in Australia?
How many dairy cattle are in Australia?
How much of Australia's dairy cattle is in Australia?
How much of Australia's milk does Australia produce?
Where is most abalone and rock lobster exported?
How many mm gauge does Victorian lines use?
What is the standard gauge in the west of the state?
How many meters of narrow gauge lines do tourist railways operate?
Where were five formerly government-owned lines built?
How many formerly government-owned lines were built in mountainous areas?
When was the colony of New South Wales founded?
What was the name of Australia's colony after the founding of the colony?
What western half of Australia was named after the founding of the colony of New South Wales?
Where was the colonial government located?
When was the rebellion against the government of Victoria?
Who was crushed by colonial authorities?
What was the name of the mining tax protest in 1854?
What did the colonial authorities reduce?
What Act did the Imperial Parliament pass in 1855?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Legislative Assembly?
Who is the leader of the political party or coalition?
Who is elected to either house of parliament?
Who is the current Premier of Victoria?
Who is the Cabinet's representative?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production in 2003-04?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production in 2003-04?
How many farms occupied around 136,000 square kilometres of Victorian land as of 2004?
How many square kilometers of land did Victorian farms occupie as of 2004?
How much of the state's total land surface is comprised of?
Major events play a big part in what in Victoria?
What type of tourism plays a big part in Victoria?
Where are most of these events centred?
Where do V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix occur?
What is the name of Bells Beach?
Where are Huguenot numbers concentrated?
How many French Catholics did Huguenot have?
When did the Wars of Religion fought intermittently?
What granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy?
What did the Edict of Nantes give the Huguenots?
When was Huguenot originally used?
What was John Calvin's adopted home?
Who was the Swiss politician who died in 1532?
What plot was Huguenot first applied to?
When was the Amboise plot?
What was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France?
When did Guyard de Moulin prepare a French version of the Scriptures?
Who prepared a French version of the Scriptures?
When was Jean de Rély printed?
Where was Jean de Rély printed?
What was Montpellier among the most important of?
What was among the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté" granted to the Huguenots?
When was the Protestant rule dead?
When did the royal army die?
When was the Edict of Alès published?
Where did Huguenots settle?
Where did Maria de la Queillerie arrive?
Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
What post did the first organised group of Huguenots sail from the Netherlands to?
How late did the Huguenots arrive in the Cape?
When did Huguenots sail to North America?
Who led the Huguenots?
What is the French church in New Amsterdam?
What parish continues today as part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion?
Where did Huguenots live?
Where did Jacques de Bordeaux immigrate?
Who purchased the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations?
Where was Elie Prioleau from?
When did the British Crown petition for the right to own land in the Baronies?
Where did Huguenots settle in the early years?
Who became King of England?
Who became the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV?
What was the name of William's coalition to oppose Louis and the French state?
Where did the French attack Louis XIV?
When did the French attack the Dutch Republic?
What decree abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France?
When was the Edict of Fontainebleau issued?
Who progressively increased persecution of the Huguenots until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau?
How many Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century?
Who opposed the Huguenots?
What was the height of this persecution?
How many people were killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
What militia did the Huguenots have?
What were some of the Huguenots nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern France?
When did the Huguenot rebellions break out?
Where did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
Who died after the uprising?
Who became more intolerant of Protestantism?
What were the three small civil wars known as?
How many Protestants live in modern France?
How much of France's population is Protestant?
Where are most of the Huguenots concentrated?
What mountain region in the south still consider themselves Huguenots?
What country still considers itself Huguenot?
What was the name of the city that Huguenot immigrants formed in New York?
Where is a third upstate in the city of New Rochelle?
What is the oldest street in the United States of America?
What is the oldest street in the United States of America?
Where did a small group of Huguenots settle along the New York Harbor?
Who received the largest group of Huguenot refugees after the revocation of Nantes?
How many Huguenot refugees did the Dutch Republic receive after the revocation of Nantes?
What was the population of the Dutch Republic at the time?
What were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants?
When did the Dutch Republic receive the largest group of Huguenot refugees?
Where were the pretendus réformés gathered at night?
Who was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet?
Who was the gate of King Hugo haunted by?
What supposedly'reformed' gathered at night in Tours?
When did the spirits of le roi Huguet come back to harm the living?
Where are the Walloons and Huguenots located?
What was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830?
What was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the City?
Where did they settle?
What restaurant has it been adapted as?
Where is French Church Street located?
Where did Huguenots serve as mayors in the 17th and 18th centuries?
Where did Huguenots serve as mayors in the 17th and 18th centuries?
Who named D'Olier Street in Dublin?
When was a French church built in Portarlington?
What did the exodus of Huguenots create?
Where did the French crown refuse to allow non-Catholics to settle?
Who did the French crown refuse to allow to settle in New France?
What was the North American front of the French and Indian War?
When did the British defeat New France?
Who issued the Edict of Nantes?
When was the war finally quelled?
What did the Edict grant to the Protestants under the throne?
What did the Edict do to protect Catholic interests?
What did Henry of Navarre recante in favour of Roman Catholicism?
What did the revocation forbade Protestant services require?
What did the revocation forbade Protestant services?
How many people emigrated to the North American colonies?
What were Huguenots called?
What countries did the illegal flight from Britain result in?
Where did the first Huguenots leave France?
When did the Huguenots arrive in Brazil?
What was the name of the group of Huguenots who arrived in Brazil in 1555?
When was the fort destroyed?
What document became the first Protestant confession of faith in the Americas?
What type of people speak French Huguenot?
What industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots?
What province in South Africa bears French names?
What do many families have in their English Huguenot ancestry?
Who was descended from Huguenot refugees?
Who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina?
Where is the last Huguenot congregation in North America worship?
What church is maintained by the Huguenot Society of America?
Where is the largest chapter of the Society?
The Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of what industry?
What is the style of lace known as?
How many widows settled in Dover?
When did lace with Mechlin patterns begin to develop?
What two new neighbourhoods did the Huguenots create in Berlin?
What percentage of the city's population was French speaking by 1700?
In 1806-07, who did Napoleon invade Prussia?
When did Napoleon protest against the occupation of Prussia?
Which congregations were founded in Denmark?
Who did Huguenots flee to to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country?
What region did Huguenots remain in the south of France?
What group rioted against the Catholic Church in the early 18th century?
Where did the Camisards riot?
Between what years did the French troops hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards?
Where is Fort Caroline located?
Who was the leader of the Norman Huguenots?
What is the name of the small colony of Norman Huguenots?
What new colony was attacked by the French in September 1565?
When did the French attack on the Spanish colony at St. Augustine fail?
Where did Jean Ribault founded the outpost on Parris Island?
Where is Charlesfort located?
Who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline?
When did Jean Ribault lead an expedition that explored Florida and the Southeastern U.S.?
What precluded a return voyage?
Where did the French Huguenots migrate to?
Where did the French Huguenots get land grants?
What is the name of the abandoned Monacan village?
How many settlers were in the isolated settlement?
On what date did the Virginia General Assembly pass an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown?
When did the Dutch Revolt begin?
Where did Huguenots fight in the Low Countries?
What was the name of William the Silent's apology?
Who condemned the Spanish Inquisition?
William the Silent was the leader of the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule?
What Act was passed in 1708?
When did the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act pass?
How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England?
Who led the exiled community in London?
What was Andrew Lortie known for articulating during Mass?
What war did Huguenot regiments fight for William of Orange in Ireland?
Who did Huguenot regiments fight for in the Williamite war in Ireland?
Where were Huguenot settlements located?
Smaller settlements contributed to the expansion of what?
What type of textile industry did small settlements contribute to?
Who arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community in Saarland?
Who did Prince Louis de Condé work with to establish a Huguenot community in Saarland?
What kind of works did the Condés establish?
When did some members of the community migrate to the United States?
When did Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken establish a Huguenot community?
Where did the majority of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
Where did the majority of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
Where were they accepted and allowed to worship freely?
In South Africa, the Dutch East Indies, the Caribbean, and Quebec, where were they accepted and allowed to worship freely?
Where did the Dutch Cape Colony spread beyond Europe?
Who was the king of France?
What argument argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet?
Who suggested that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to little Hugos?
Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to what?
What do some disagree with?
Who was one of the predecessors of the Reformed church?
Where was Lefevre a professor at?
When did Lefevre publish the whole Bible in the French language?
Who was a student of Lefevre?
Who converted to Protestantism?
When did the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre take place?
Who killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris?
How many Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse?
When was an amnesty granted?
How many Protestants were massacred in Paris?
Who gained the throne in 1643?
What did Louis XIV force the Huguenots to convert?
When did he send missionaries?
Why did he impose penalties?
What were the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops?
Where is New Rochelle located?
What is the name of the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck?
Who purchased the tract of land?
Who was New Rochelle named after?
What is the name of the third church in New York City?
What are the majority of the Huguenot congregations in North America eventually affiliated with?
When did the Huguenots adapt to their assimilation?
Who established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills?
When did their descendants use French first names and surnames for their children?
What mill did E.I. du Pont establish?
Who was one of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands?
Where did he start teaching?
What is the title of the multi-volume masterpiece that he published in Rotterdam?
What is the name of the 100 foundational texts that became one of the 100 foundational texts?
Who is the patron of the Huguenot family?
What was established by Royal Charter in 1550?
When was the French Protestant Church of London established?
Where is it located?
Where did Huguenot refugees flee?
When was the Old Truman Brewery founded?
Where did Huguenot refugees find refuge?
Where did Huguenot refugees find refuge in the Lutheran and Reformed states?
What special privileges were granted to Huguenots in Brandenburg-Prussia?
Who was Frederick William?
Who did the Altpreußische Infantry Regiments No. 13 do?
Who invited Huguenots to settle in his realms?
Who was the poet of the First World War Battle of Tannenberg?
Who was the fighter ace of the First World War Battle of Tannenberg?
Who is the last Prime Minister of the East German Democratic Republic?
Who is Thomas de Maizière?
Non-combustion heat sources such as nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used?
What is the ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process called?
What is water transformed into in a boiler operating at a high pressure?
How high is the pressure of a boiler?
What type of engines are steam engines?
What engine was invented by Thomas Newcomen?
Who invented the atmospheric engine?
When was the atmospheric engine invented by Thomas Newcomen?
What was Savery's advantage over?
Who proposed a piston for Savery's steam pump?
Where was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
When was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
Where did Richard Trevithick haul a train along the tramway from the Pen-y-darren ironworks?
Where was Abercynon located?
Where was Abercynon located?
What does the Rankine cycle use to recycle boiler water?
What type of pumps are used in utility and industrial boilers?
When did injectors become popular?
Injectors are no longer widely used except in what type of applications?
What is an injector that uses a steam jet usually supplied from the boiler?
How many expansion stages do these engines use?
What are triple and triple expansion engines known as?
In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used?
What engine was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used in the late 19th century?
What class is the 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine popular with?
Which poppet valve gear had separate admission and exhaust valves driven by trip mechanisms or cams profiled so as to give ideal events?
What type of motions have been considered satisfactory for most purposes?
What is the usual compromise solution to provide lap?
What plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox?
What happens to the lead if the water level drops?
What happens if the water level drops?
Who may then suppress the fire?
What effect does steam escape have on?
Who invented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion?
What type of motion did James Watt use in his steam engine?
How many steam engines did James Watt pa in 1781?
When did engines that could provide 10,000 hp become feasible?
The stationary steam engine was a key component of what?
When did the history of the steam engine extend to?
Who described the first recorded rudimentary steam engine?
Who described the first recorded rudimentary steam engine?
Who described a rudimentary steam turbine device?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont receive patents for fifty steam powered inventions?
What engines came into widespread use at the end of the 19th century?
What were these stages called?
Where was efficiency important to reduce the weight of coal carried?
What resulted in the replacement of reciprocating steam engines?
What was the weight of the expansion engines used in shipping?
What was the final major evolution of the steam engine design?
When did steam turbines begin to be used?
How many horsepower does reciprocating piston type steam engines have?
How much of the electric power is produced in the United States?
Steam turbines replaced reciprocating engines in what type of generating stations?
What type of materials can be used to supply air in a closed space?
What is a firebox called?
What type of energy is used to generate waste heat from an internal combustion engine or industrial process?
What type of heating element can heat a toy steam engine?
What is the most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines?
When were early versions in use?
Who developed the most successful indicator?
Who developed the most successful indicator for Charles Porter?
Where was Charles Porter exhibited in 1862?
When are the pistons connected to the cranks?
How high are the individual pistons within the group when the double expansion group is duplicated?
When are the pistons connected to the cranks?
What is the direction of flow at each stroke in reciprocating piston engines?
How many piston strokes does the complete engine cycle have?
How many rotations does the complete engine cycle occupie?
How many events does the complete engine cycle comprise?
What is the name of the four events in the engine cycle?
What is a uniflow rotary steam engine?
What cycle does Uniflow engines attempt to remedy the difficulties arising from?
What will be cooled by passing exhaust steam during each stroke?
What type of steam engine does not require valves to direct steam into and out of the cylinder?
What is the name of the pivot mounting?
What are these engines mainly used in?
Where are the full size working engines used?
What is the working fluid in a Rankine cycle?
What type of system is the working fluid in a Rankine cycle?
What is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine?
What feeds the boiler?
What is usually limited to the efficiency of a Rankine cycle?
What is the creep limit of stainless steel?
What is the creep limit in steam turbines?
What is the theoretical Carnot efficiency of?
What is the condenser temperature in steam turbines?
What was the moving force behind the Industrial Revolution?
What type of transport appliances were used in the Industrial Revolution?
What is the name of the steam-powered farm tractors?
Where were steam engines used for commercial use?
What did their use in agriculture lead to?
What locomotive did Trevithick conclude with in 1808?
Who used the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway?
What type of locomotive was Salamanca used by the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway?
Who used the edge railed rack and pinion?
Where did George Stephenson build the Locomotion?
Who invented a method to lessen the magnitude of heating and cooling?
Arthur Woolf invented a method to lessen the magnitude of heating and cooling?
What can be reduced by staging the expansion in multiple cylinders?
What is the larger volume of lower-pressure steam?
In what year did 90% of the world's electric production come from steam turbines?
What type of steam engines did the Turbinia require less maintenance?
What type of turbines have supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications?
What is the main use of steam turbines?
What resulted in the recent widespread use of large gas turbine units and typical combined cycle power plants?
What is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine?
What is the waste heat removed in a condenser?
In what decade did Rankine steam cycles generate 90% of all electric power?
What type of power did Rankine steam cycles generate in the 1990s?
What type of polymath is William John Macquorn Rankine?
What was the historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency?
How many times did Watt's low-pressure designs average?
How many people were responsible for Newcomen designs?
How many pounds of coal does one bushel burn?
Who first introduced duty?
What is the ascendancy of in power generation?
What type of steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century?
What type of steam engine was the dominant source of power until the early 20th century?
What type of engines were replaced by reciprocating steam engines in commercial use?
Who developed the first commercial steam-powered water pump?
What was the first commercial steam-powered device?
When was a water pump developed?
Who introduced an ingenious improvement of Savery's construction?
Who described Savery's construction in the Philosophical Transactions?
Who introduced engines using high-pressure steam?
Who did Richard Trevithick and Richard Trevithick introduce engines using high-pressure steam in 1801?
When did Richard Trevithick obtain his high-pressure engine patent?
What type of applications could a cylinder be made small enough for?
What was more ful for a given cylinder size than previous engines?
What company has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam?
Where is Energiprojekt AB located?
How many cylinders does the single-step engine have?
How many lb of steam per kWh is there?
How much does the efficiency of Energiprojekt's steam engine reach on high-pressure engines?
Where do steam turbines use what as a cold sink?
What is a dry type cooling tower similar to?
Where is a dry type cooling tower used?
What type of cooling tower uses the rejected heat to evaporate water?
How many cubic metres of make-up water does a coal-fired power plant use every hour?
What was the name of James Watt's adopted steam engine?
Who saw one at a flour mill Boulton & Watt?
What was Boulton & Watt building?
What type of motors were not suitable for constant speed?
What would the governor assume a new constant speed in response to load changes?
When was compounding almost universal for marine engines?
Where was compounding not universally popular?
What was compounding often perceived as in railway locomotives?
When was compounding not used in Britain?
For what type of engines was compounding common?
What is a reversing mechanism that can provide means for saving steam?
What does a short cutoff affect the exhaust and compression periods?
How can the cylinder be choking and giving excessive compression?
What is the length of the valve gears during the engine cycle?
Who obtained the first patent for a steam engine in 1606?
Who obtained the first patent for a steam engine?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtain the first patent for a steam engine?
When did Thomas Savery patent a steam pump?
When was Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine used for pumping in a mine?
What are rotors mounted on a drive shaft?
What is alternating with a series of stators fixed to the turbine casing?
What type of stators are rotors mounted on a drive shaft?
What is a steam turbine alternating with a series of stators (static discs) fixed to?
How many revolutions per minute is RPM in the USA?
What is the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant?
What type of motors have steam been superseded for mobile applications?
What plant generates most electric power?
What movement is becoming known as?
Recent concerns about fuel sources and what have incited renewed interest in steam as a component of cogeneration processes?
What pistonless rotary engine is used in place of the cylinders and valve gear of a conventional reciprocating steam engine?
What parts of a reciprocating steam engine can be used in a pistonless rotary engine?
What is the major problem with sealing the rotors?
When did James Watt develop an improved version of Newcomen's engine?
What is the name of the engine that James Watt developed?
How much coal did Boulton and Watt's early engines use as much coal as John Smeaton's improved version of Newcomen's?
What engine did James Watt develop?
What was the air pressure pushing into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam?
How many independent mechanisms do steam engines often have?
What valve is in the top of a boiler?
What type of valve is locked so operators may not tamper with its adjustment unless a seal illegally is broken?
What type of valve is illegally broken?
How much power did a driver gain from the engine?
What was the acme of the horizontal engine?
When was the Corliss steam engine patented?
How much less steam did cotton spinning use?
How many -valve counter flow engines did the Corliss steam engine have?
What medal did Corliss receive when he was given Corliss?
What theory did the steam engine contribute to?
Who made the experimental measurements on a model steam engine?
What did Watt use on a model steam engine?
Who confirmed that Watt independently discovered latent heat?
What did the original discoverer Joseph Black confirm?
What is one of the advantages the Rankine cycle holds over others?
What phase is the working fluid in the Rankine cycle?
How much of the turbine power is consumed by condensing the fluid?
How high are gas turbine entry temperatures?
What pump is used to supply water to the boiler during operation?
How do condensers recirculate the water?
What to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point?
What is a supply bin?
What mechanism can be included to move the fuel from a supply bin to the firebox when coal is used?
What was usually readily available to land-based steam engines?
Who superseded the steam turbine?
What type of warships were used in the British invention steam turbine?
What type of liners were used in warships?
When was HMS Dreadnought the first major warship to replace the proven technology of the reciprocating engine with the then-novel steam turbine?
What does nuclear power plants heat to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator?
How does steam drive a nuclear power plant?
What type of generator is steam connected to?
What does the steam drive a turbo generator set with propulsion provided by electric motors?
Where did some non-condensing direct-drive locomotives meet with some success for long haul freight operations in Sweden?
What is the Rankine cycle sometimes referred to as?
What is the main difference between heat addition and rejection?
What isobaric processes are in the Rankine cycle?
What is the main difference between heat addition and rejection in the Rankine cycle?
What is a pump used to pressurize the working fluid from the condenser?
What is the atomic number of Oxygen?
What is the third most abundant element in the universe?
How many atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen?
How much of the crust's mass does silicon dioxide make up?
What gas constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere?
How much of the Earth's atmosphere is diatomic oxygen gas?
What is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8?
What is the atomic number of Oxygen?
What is a global downward trend due to fossil fuel burning?
What is oxygen the third most abundant element in the universe?
What is the atomic number of Oxygen?
What group is it a member of?
What compounds are readily formed with most elements?
What is oxygen the most abundant element in the universe?
What is a colorless and odorless diatomic gas?
Oxygen is released by what method?
What energy does photosynthesis use to produce oxygen from water?
What helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
What do many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms contain?
What is oxygen a part of?
Oxygen is released by what method?
What is oxygen a part of?
What is a form of oxygen that absorbs UVB radiation?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
Who was the English chemist?
What does John Mayow call spiritus?
When was John Mayow born?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
What does John Mayow call spiritus?
When did Robert Boyle prove that air is necessary for combustion?
In what way is nitroaereus consumed?
Who was the English chemist?
Who conducted the experiment on mercuric oxide?
Who conducted the experiment on August 1, 1774?
What is mercuric oxide?
What did Joseph Priestley focus sunlight on in a glass tube?
What was HgO?
What gas did Priestley call HgO?
When did Priestley publish his findings?
When did Priestley first publish his findings?
What was the effect of a mouse?
Who built Philo's work?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
What did Philo believe that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
What type of element did Philo incorrectly believe parts of the air in the vessel were converted into?
In what work did Philo observe that inverting a vessel over a burning candle and surrounding the vessel's neck with water resulted in some water rising into the neck?
Who built Philo's work?
What is the relationship between combustion and combustion?
What ignition event is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
What is a high oxidative potential of combustion hazards?
What is the oxidant?
What type of event is needed to trigger combustion?
What type of s and fuels are brought into close proximity?
What do highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote?
Oxygen is the source of what energy released in combustion?
What is a high oxidative potential?
What was the capsule pressurized with?
Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit gaseous and liquid what will act as a fuel?
What was the normal pressure that would be used in a mission?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require to ensure that ignition sources are minimized?
Concentrated O 2 will allow what to proceed rapidly and energetically?
What are steel pipes used to store and transmit gaseous and liquid oxygen?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require to ensure that ignition sources are minimized?
Who was killed in a fire in a launch pad test?
What is the crustal rock composed of?
Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in trace quantities in what form?
What is a larger mass than the crust?
Oxygen is present in the atmosphere in trace quantities in what form?
What is composed of oxides of silicon?
What is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What is a larger mass than the crust?
What type of minerals are found in the rest of the Earth's crust?
What did John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assume all elements were?
What would the atoms in compounds normally have?
What did Dalton assume water's formula was?
What was the atomic mass of oxygen that Dalton assumed was HO?
What is Amedeo Avogadro's law now called?
What substance was thought to be most combustible materials that leave little residue?
What type of substances that corrode, such as iron, contained very little?
What didn't play a role in phlogiston theory?
What was one of the first clues that the phlogiston theory was incorrect?
What happens when something burns?
What is the bond described as?
How many oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other?
What is the double bond called?
How are the two oxygen atoms bonded to each other?
What is a covalent double bond that results from the filling of?
When was Oxygen discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele?
When was Joseph Priestley discovered?
What was his work first published?
Who coined the name oxygen in 1777?
What theory did Antoine Lavoisier discredit?
What is an electron configuration with two unpaired electrons called in dioxygen?
What is the ground state of the O 2 molecule referred to as?
How many electrons are found in dioxygen?
What does triplet oxygen prevent?
What is the highest energy, partially filled orbitals?
What was heated in a closed container?
What did Lavoisier observe when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
What did Lavoisier observe when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
When was Sur la combustion en general published?
What is Gk.  "lifeless"?
What is the term for Trioxygen?
What type of oxygen is ozone?
What is Trioxygen damaging to?
What does the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere function as?
What is the term for ultraviolet radiation?
What is the common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth called?
What has a bond length of 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJmol1?
What is the form that is part of the Earth's atmosphere?
What is O2 used by complex forms of life?
What is O2 used by complex forms of life?
Who was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was James Dewar able to produce enough liquid oxygen?
When was the first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen developed?
What type of welding was demonstrated for the first time in 1901?
What is more soluble in water than nitrogen?
What is the solubility of oxygen in water?
How much oxygen does freshwater contain per liter?
What type of water contains about 4.95 mL per liter?
How much does oxygen dissolve at 0 °C?
What is Oxygen?
What is Oxygen the most abundant chemical element in the universe?
What percentage of the Sun's mass is oxygen?
What is the major component of Oxygen?
What affects oxygen-containing molecules such as carbon dioxide?
When did scientists realize that air could be liquefied?
How did scientists realize that air could be liquefied?
Who evaporated liquid sulfur dioxide to liquefy carbon dioxide?
How many drops of liquid were produced in either case?
When was Oxygen liquified in stable state?
What planet was unable to obtain reference values for the isotope ratios?
How much oxygen does the Sun have?
What crashed spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than Earth?
What process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains that formed the Earth?
Planetary geologists have measured different abundances of oxygen isotopes in samples from what planet?
What is a name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O 2?
What is more reactive towards than molecular oxygen per se?
When is singlet oxygen formed in nature?
What is produced in the troposphere by light of short wavelength?
What do photosynthetic organisms play a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen and converting it to the unxcited ground state before it can cause harm to tissues?
Who measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms?
What was the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms?
What percentage of water molecules contain heavier oxygen-18?
What is the ratio of oxygen in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms?
In periods of what kind of temperatures do snow and rain tend to be higher in oxygen-16?
What are the wavelengths of Oxygen?
What is monitored from satellites on a global scale?
What is the name of a satellite platform?
What scale is generated?
What type of scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies?
What are O 2 molecules in the triplet form?
What is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet?
What are the spin magnetic moments of in the molecule?
What does oxygen impart magnetic character to?
What can a bridge of liquid oxygen be supported against?
What are reactive oxygen species?
What do peroxide, superoxide and singlet oxygen create?
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the hypersensitive response of plants against what?
Oxygen is toxic to what organisms?
How long ago did O 2 begin to accumulate in the atmosphere?
When does Oxygen condensate?
What are liquid and solid O 2 substances?
What is the fractional distillation of?
What can be used as a coolant?
What must it be segregated from?
Where is free oxygen found?
At what temperature does O 2 increase solubility?
What causes polar oceans to support a much higher density of life?
Water polluted with nitrates or phosphates may stimulate growth of what?
What is the amount of O 2 needed to restore the water to a normal concentration?
How many years ago did photosynthetic archaea and bacteria develop?
When did free oxygen first appear in significant quantities?
What does the free oxygen produced by these organisms combine with dissolved iron in the oceans to form for the first billion years?
How many years ago did free oxygen sinks reach 10% of its current level?
How many years ago did free oxygen begin to outgas from the oceans?
What is the result of the unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth?
What cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth?
How many reservoirs does oxygen flow between?
What is the main driving factor of the oxygen cycle?
What gas is the result of the oxygen cycle?
What is the other major method of producing O 2 gas?
What is the gas stream of O 2 gas?
What does the zeolite molecular sieve absorb?
What type of technologies are used to obtain Oxygen gas?
What other method of producing O 2 gas involves passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves?
What can electrolyse oxygen gas into molecular oxygen and hydrogen?
What molecules can oxidygen gas be produced by electrolysis of water?
What type of electricity must be used?
What is the electrocatalytic O 2 evolution from?
What type of catalysts can be used in submarines?
What type of use has Oxygen a history of?
What is Oxygen supposed to be?
How do athletes get a "boost"?
What is a more likely explanation for the pharmacological effect?
When are O 2 mixtures breathed?
What medicine uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O 2 around the patient?
What does increased O 2 concentration help displace from the heme group of hemoglobin?
What bacteria cause gas gangrene?
What happens in divers who decompress too quickly after a dive?
What is used to treat emphysema, pneumonia, some heart disorders?
What is the work load on the patient's lungs?
What is used in medicine?
What is the essential purpose of Uptake of O 2 from the air?
What type of oxygen is used to treat emphysema, pneumonia, heart disorders?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with?
What mineral is written as Fe 1  xO?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
What slows the surface of metals?
What is the emergency supply of O 2 automatically supplied to Passengers traveling in (pressurized) commercial airplanes?
What type of oxygen generators are activated above each seat?
What reaction produces a steady stream of oxygen gas?
What is produced by the exothermic reaction?
What type of methods are high pressure oxygen tanks, cryogenics and chemical compounds?
Where is oxygen often transported in bulk?
What is oxygen often transported in bulk in specially insulated tankers?
Oxygen is stored and shipped in smaller cylinders containing what?
Where are tankers used to refill bulk liquid oxygen storage containers?
What type of solvents contain oxygen?
What is one of the most important classes of oxygen?
What are Acetone (CH 3) 2CO) and phenol (C 6H 5OH) used as?
What are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms?
What is one of the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
The element is found in almost all what?
How many common complex biomolecules contain no oxygen?
What contains the largest proportion by mass of oxygen?
What do all fats, fatty acids, amino acids and what else contain oxygen?
What are calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite found in?
What can occur in deep scuba diving and surface supplied diving?
What can a prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O 2 partial pressure lead to?
How many kPa does exposure to O 2 pressures increase?
What can occur by breathing an air mixture with 21% O 2 at 66 m or more depth?
What is the most feared effect for divers?
Why does Breathing pure O 2 cause no damage?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas?
Why does Breathing pure O 2 cause?
What is the resulting O 2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood?
What can Oxygen gas be toxic?
How many kPa does Oxygen toxicity occur?
How much oxygen does Oxygen toxicity occur at standard pressures?
On what type of ventilators is gas supplied through oxygen masks in medical applications?
What percentage of O2 is gas supplied through oxygen masks in medical applications?
When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?
What was the price of oil by the end of the embargo?
When was the second oil crisis called?
What was the second oil shock later called?
Who proclaimed an oil embargo?
What did some European nations and Japan seek to disassociate themselves from United States foreign policy in the Middle East?
Who arranged for Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights?
When did Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal?
When did Israel and Syria lift the embargo?
When did the United States pull out of the Bretton Woods Accord?
What was the value of the dollar left to the dollar?
What did the industrialized nations anticipate that currency values would fluctuate unpredictably for a time?
When did OPEC issue a joint communiqué stating that they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold?
Why did oil producers' real income decrease?
What was the dollar price of oil from 1947 to 1967?
When was OPEC slow to readjust prices to reflect this depreciation?
When did prices increase?
When did the price remain stable?
When did Syria and Egypt launch a surprise attack on Israel?
Who was the world's second largest oil exporter?
How many times more do we say?
Who was the world's second largest oil exporter?
What caused the underlying economic pressure on oil prices?
When did OPEC raise the posted price of oil by 70%?
On what date did OPEC raise the oil price to $5.11 a barrel?
When did oil ministers agree to the embargo?
How much did Nixon request Congress to do in aid to Israel?
What did OPEC respond to on October 16, 1973?
How much money did Saudi Arabia spend in the ensuing decades?
What groups did al-Haramain Foundation distribute funds to?
In what region did much go for arms purchases that exacerbated political tensions?
What caused some of the income to be dispensed to other underdeveloped nations?
What is the fundamentalist interpretation of Islam known as?
What have been held responsible for recessions, periods of excessive inflation, reduced productivity, and lower economic growth?
What superpower could the Middle East become another superpower confrontation with?
When did scholars argue that there existed a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties?
Who was worried about energy?
What had a negative influence on the US economy?
What type of industries changed competitive positions on an international level?
What were inflationary and deflationary impacts?
In what area did oil companies search for new ways to increase oil supplies?
How long did finding oil and developing new fields require before significant production?
Which country faced a complete embargo?
What country did the UK and France refuse to allow to use their airfields?
Which country received almost uninterrupted supplies from the European Economic Community?
What country was embargoed by the European Economic Community?
Who was his successor?
What country faced an oil crisis of its own?
What was a major factor in the change of government?
In what year did the oil crisis become a major factor in the change of government?
What country banned flying, driving and boating on Sundays?
Which country rationed gasoline and heating oil?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
What did the system limit the price of "old oil"?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
What was the solution to scarcity?
Who was the first administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
When did Nixon name William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
What was the purpose of the Federal Energy Office?
When did the American Automobile Association report that 20% of gasoline stations had no fuel?
What was the national maximum speed limit in 1974?
What Act imposed a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph in 1974?
Who signed the National Highway Designation Act?
When did Bill Clinton sign the National Highway Designation Act?
When was the Department of Energy created?
What caused greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels?
What are some of the reasons why American energy policies have been dominated by crisis-mentality thinking?
Who have repeatedly backed policies that promise solutions that are politically expedient?
In 2004, declassified documents revealed that what country was so distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries that they considered military action to forcibly seize Middle Eastern oilfields?
Who was so worried by the prospect that he ordered a British intelligence estimate of U.S. intentions?
How long would the American occupation last?
Who would be alienated by the Soviets?
Which country was most dependent on Arab oil?
How much of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970?
What was the production cut in December?
On what date did Japan say that Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories?
When was Japan considered an Arab-friendly state?
What was only one sign of insecurity in Afghanistan?
Who became increasingly dependent on American security assurances to manage external and internal threats?
Who became increasingly dependent on American security assurances to manage external and internal threats?
When did the Shah fail to maintain control of Iran?
When did Wahhabi extremists seize the Grand Mosque in Mecca?
The crisis reduced the demand for what?
What type of imports were Toyota Corona, the Toyota Corolla, the Datsun B210, the Datsun 510, the Honda Civic, the Mitsubishi Galant?
How many cylinder engines did the Honda Accord have?
What country imports the Toyota Corona?
What decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan were affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints?
What was the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810?
What amenities did the Toyota Corona Mark II add?
What luxury divisions did Honda, Toyota and Nissan establish?
What compact truck was introduced?
What was Mitsubishi's Forte rebranded as after the oil crisis?
What partners did Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu have?
What does the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15 end?
What caused General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales?
How many passengers did the Dodge Omni / Plymouth Horizon have?
When did the average American vehicle move 17.4 miles per gallon?
What other luxury sedans became popular in the mid-1970s?
What was the only full-size model that did not recover?
When did virtually all "full-size" American cars shrunk?
When did Chrysler end production of full-sized luxury sedans?
What compact was a prelude to the DOT "downsize" revision of vehicle categories?
When did OPEC lose its preeminent position?
In what decade did the world price drop to less than $10 per barrel?
What is Saudi Arabia trying to do?
What was the world price during the 1979 energy crisis?
What was Apollo's mission?
Who carried out the third United States human spaceflight program?
When was the first manned flight of Apollo?
What was first conceived during?
How many -man Project Gemini was followed by Project Mercury?
From what years did Apollo run?
What program supported Apollo from 1961 to 1972?
The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was a joint Earth orbit mission with what country in 1975?
What was the name of the Apollo Applications Program?
When was the Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew?
When did the Apollo 1 cabin fire kill the entire crew?
What caused the cancellation of three of these cuts?
How many of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings?
What caused the Apollo 13 landing to be prevented?
What was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body?
What mission marked the sixth Moon landing and the ninth manned mission beyond low Earth orbit?
How many pounds did the program return?
What are some of Apollo's technologies that have led to advancements in rocketry and manned spaceflight?
How many astronauts could the Mercury capsule support on a limited Earth orbital mission?
How many astronauts would Apollo carry?
Who named the program after the Greek god of light, music, and the sun?
What was one of the possible missions that included ferrying crews to a space station?
When was the Apollo program conceived?
When did Hugh L. Dryden announce the Apollo program?
Who led NASA's own in-house spacecraft design studies?
How many study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair?
Who announced the Apollo program to industry representatives?
Who was elected president in November 1960?
What country was John F. Kennedy elected president in 1960?
What was required by a manned Moon landing?
Who was Kennedy's newly appointed NASA Administrator?
What gap did Kennedy and many other senators feel had formed between the Soviets and themselves due to the inaction of President Eisenhower?
Who became the first person to fly in space?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
When did the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics meet?
Why did Kennedy refuse to make a commitment to America's response to the Soviets?
When did Kennedy send a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson?
Who did Kennedy send a memo to on April 20, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program?
How long did Johnson respond to Johnson's response?
What did Johnson conclude about a week later?
Who was responsible for managing the Apollo program?
Where was Robert R. Gilruth's Space Task Group located?
Where was a site chosen?
Who donated land to a site in Houston, Texas?
Where was the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station located?
Where was the Launch Operations Center located?
Who led the design, development and construction of the center?
Who was Debus named the LOC's first?
Upon whom was he born?
How many pads were planned in October 1965?
Gemini and what spacecraft were initially received prior to being mated to their launch vehicles?
How many feet is the Apollo spacecraft capable of simulating atmospheric pressure?
How many cubic feet was the Vertical Assembly Building?
Who did Webb recruit for a high management job?
When did Webb announce Mueller's appointment as Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
Who was the former Associate Administrator of Manned Space Flight?
Who is responsible for a high management job?
What was Mueller's industry experience on?
In what country did Mueller realize that some skilled managers could be found among high-ranking officers?
Who was the OMSF program controller?
When did Phillips manage Apollo?
What is the condition for Phillips to be loaned to NASA?
What did many engineers fear would be difficult in lunar orbit?
When was direct ascent generally the mission mode in favor of NASA?
Who did Houbolt send a series of memos and reports on the issue to?
Who was the special technical assistant of the Seamans?
When did the Seamans establish an ad-hoc committee to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program?
What center began to support LOR in late 1961 and early 1962?
Who became a champion of LOR?
What was the name of the MSFC that took longer to become convinced of its merits?
Who was Kennedy's science advisor?
Who did Jerome Wiesner hire to chair his own Space Vehicle Panel?
Who reached an internal agreement?
When did NASA delay its announcement to the press?
Who made the disagreement public during a two-day visit to Marshall Space Flight Center?
What did Wiesner blur out in front of the press?
What type of contractor did Webb issue a request for proposal?
Who was the LEM contractor?
The LOR method allowed the lander to be used as a "lifeboat" in the event of a failure of the command ship?
When did an oxygen tank explosion leave the command ship without electrical power?
What did the Lunar Module provide to get the crew home safely?
In what year did the MSC study conclude that the LM was the LM?
What type of command module did Maxime Faget use?
What was the CSM created after Kennedy's Moon landing goal became official?
How many men would the Lunar Excursion Module take to the lunar surface?
How many astronauts did the Command Module carry from launch to lunar orbit?
Where did the Command Module come from?
What was the exterior of the exterior covered with?
What was carried to slow its descent to splashdown?
How many pounds did the module weigh?
What type of module supported the Command Module?
What antenna was used for long distance communications on lunar flights?
What happened to the Service Module before re-entry?
How much weight did the initial lunar flight weigh?
What was carried on the lunar missions?
Who won the contract to build the CSM?
How much thrust was required for translunar flight?
In what year did a program definition study conclude that the initial design should be continued as Block I?
What is the second stage of the launch vehicle for NASA?
How many astronauts did the Lunar Module land on the Moon?
What was the fuselage designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere?
How much weight did the initial LM model weigh?
How long did an Extended Lunar Module last?
Who started work on plans for large launch vehicles before the Apollo program?
From what Army was von Braun transferred to NASA?
When did the Saturn V replace the Nova?
What are the live first stages of the Saturn I test flights?
In what years were boilerplate CSMs launched into orbit?
What satellites did the Apollo program carry?
What did Pegasus satellites measure the safety of the translunar environment?
What was an upgraded version of the Saturn I?
How much thrust did the S-IVB-200 produce?
What stage was a restartable version of the S-IVB used as?
How many pounds could the Saturn IB send into low Earth orbit?
What was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon?
How tall was the lunar payload?
How many -stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon?
What was the second and third stage of the S-IVB?
Who were the Apollo astronauts chosen from?
What missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans?
Who was the first NASA scientist to fly in space?
What was the last mission of Harrison Schmitt?
When did Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
How many astronauts were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal?
What honor did NASA award all 32 astronauts?
When were the medals awarded posthumously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee?
Why were the crew awarded the lesser NASA Exceptional Service Medal?
When were the medals awarded to Grissom, White, and Chaffee?
When were two Block I CSMs launched on suborbital flights?
What was the altitude of the AS-201?
How many miles was the AS-202 recovered?
What was the command module that validated the Service Module engine?
What type of flight would a crew fly the first Block II CSM and LM?
What is designed to accommodate lunar extravehicular activity?
What was replaced with a clear "fishbowl" type?
What would the lunar surface EVA suit include?
What was the LMP?
Who was the director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs?
Who was Deke Slayton grounded?
When did Deke Slayton select the first Apollo crew?
Who was the pilot of the first Apollo crew?
Wally Schirra, Eisele, and Cunningham were announced as the prime crew for what?
What happened to the AS-205 mission in 1966?
When was Saturn IB scheduled for the dual mission?
What is the name of the Saturn IB?
Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham were reassigned as what?
Who was the program director appointed to head a "tiger team" to investigate North American's problems?
What is Samuel Phillips' name for?
When was the Lunar Module ready for manned flight?
Who appointed program director Samuel Phillips to head a "tiger team" to investigate North American's problems?
Where is the Kennedy Space Center located?
Who decided to name their flight Apollo 1 as a motivational focus on the first manned flight?
What would a "plugs-out" test simulate on LC-34?
Where did they train and test their spacecraft?
What caused the seal of the hatch to be delayed?
When did the plugs-out test begin?
What ignited in the cabin during this hold?
What did the astronauts do before the hatch could be opened?
How much oxygen did an electrical fire spread in the cabin?
Who oversees an accident review board?
What did the review board conclude existed in design, workmanship and quality control?
Who replaced Joseph Francis Shea?
When did NASA convene an accident review board?
What does the removal of flammable cabin and space suit materials mean?
What was removed from the Block II spacecraft?
What type of door did the Block II design replace the Block I plug-type hatch cover with?
What did NASA discontinu the Block I program?
What type of space suits would crew members exclusively wear?
What did Mueller approve in September 1967?
What did Mueller's mission types have to be accomplished in order to achieve the manned lunar landing?
What letters were used instead of numbers?
What is the name of Apollo 4?
What is the command module's capability to survive a trans-lunar reentry?
When did Apollo 6 carry a CSM and a LM Test Article?
What test did NASA cancel?
What was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
When was Apollo 5 launched?
Who wanted a second unmanned test?
What success did the LM engines have?
What was the abort mode called?
How many IBs did the D mission launch on a Saturn V instead of?
On what planet did the Soviet Union send animals around the Moon?
When did Frank Borman and James Lovell make 10 lunar orbits in 20 hours?
Where did George Low send Apollo 8 to instead of waste the Saturn V?
Who did the Soviet Union believe they would soon repeat the feat?
Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin were all members of what crew?
When was the G mission completed?
What did the spacecraft send back to Earth?
Who were the crew members of the G mission?
When did the astronauts return safely?
Where did Charles "Pete" Conrad and Alan L. Bean make a precision landing?
What was the distance from the Apollo 12 probe?
What did the Surveyor remove?
Where was the first lunar surface color television camera damaged?
What would increase the exploration area and allow televised liftoff?
What spacesuit was revised for extended missions to allow greater visibility for driving the LRV?
How many landing sites did NASA publicize?
How long did the CMP stay on the Moon?
How much of the CSM and LM will the CSM and LM increase for the last five missions?
How did the Service Module disabling the Service Module and forcing the crew to use the LM as a "life boat" to return to Earth?
How many veterans did the first two landings allow the remaining missions to be crewed with?
When was Apollo redesigned?
What liquid exploded two days out?
When did Apollo 13 launch Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise?
What was eliminated from the Skylab orbital laboratory?
What did NASA's yearly budget do in light of the successful landing?
What did the Saturn Vs become at the John F. Kennedy Space Center?
When was the decision made to cancel missions 18 and 19?
What are the rocks collected from the Moon?
How long are the basaltic samples derived from the highlands crust?
What is a geochemical component called?
What is the name of the important rock found during the Apollo Program?
What is never seen on Earth rocks?
What does almost all the rocks show evidence of?
What are some of the returned samples of impact melt?
How much did NASA estimate the Apollo program costs in 2005?
How many Saturn V rockets did the procurement of?
How much did the Space Review estimate the cost of Apollo in 2010?
What is the name of the Apollo Extension Series?
What was the AAP?
What is the most ambitious plan for using an empty S-IVB as an interplanetary spacecraft?
When was Skylab launched?
Where was Skylab constructed?
When did Skylab's last crew leave the station?
What was Skylab equipped with?
What robotic orbiter began photographing the remnants of the Apollo program left on the lunar surface?
What mission was blown over by the U.S. flags?
What is the degree to which the U.S. flags remain their original colors?
Who sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth?
In what book did Apollo 8 read the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth?
How much of the world's population saw the Christmas Eve transmission during the ninth orbit of the Moon?
What did the mission and Christmas provide to 1968?
What type of camera is recorded incompatible with broadcast TV?
What format was the Moon landing data recorded by a special Apollo TV camera?
What caused NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration?
How did NASA remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration?
Who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera at Westinghouse Electric Corporation?
Who compiled the original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11?
How was the video processed?
What were the images made at Johnson Space Center?
What company compiled the original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11?
What color does the restored video remain in?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What is European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What are secondary sources of the Treaties?
Who are the legislatures of the European Union composed of?
What is European Union law?
What effect does Regulations and Directives have on the laws of European Union member states?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
Who are the legislatures of the European Union composed of?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
Who are the legislatures of the European Union composed of?
How many sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law?
Who apply European Union law?
Who apply European Union law?
What treaty allows the European Commission to take proceedings against the member state?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What other sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice?
Who apply European Union law?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against the member state?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What other sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice?
Who apply European Union law?
Who apply European Union law?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What are other sources of European Union law?
What are the primary constitutional sources of the EU?
Who has the initiative to propose legislation?
Who elects the European Parliament?
What is the supreme judicial body that interprets EU law?
What is composed of the Prime Ministers or executive Presidents of the member states?
What are the "core" treaties?
Which regions are excluded from the jurisdiction of European Union law?
What does the Court of Justice of the European Union cannot rule on?
What can individuals rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect?
When are Treaties applicable?
What are the "core" treaties?
What are the territories where a member state is responsible for external relations?
What does a treaty apply as soon as they enter into force?
What does the Court of Justice of the European Union interpret?
What were the main Treaties that form the European Union?
What treaty established more complete and formal institutions?
In what year did Norway join Greece?
What were the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway joining through a series of accession treaties?
What country signed a Treaty in 1985?
What were the main Treaties that form the European Union?
When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
When were major amendments signed to complete the development of a single, internal market in the Single European Act?
When did Norway end up joining the EU?
In what year did Norway join Greece?
What was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union?
What were the results of the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe?
What was the substance of the proposed constitutional treaty?
What was the substance of the proposed constitutional treaty?
What did it do to the existing treaties?
What did the Nice Treaty attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union?
What would have produced a single constitutional document?
What were the results of the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe?
What treaty was enacted instead?
Who is the main executive body of the European Union?
What does Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union say should "promote the general interest of the Union"?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How many Commissioners does Ireland have for each of the 28 member states?
Who is currently the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?
What article adds that Commissioners should be "completely independent" and not "take instructions from any Government"?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
What type of vote is usually used to circulate proposals and adopt if there are no objections?
Which country refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon in 2007?
Who should be "completely independent"?
What was censured by Parliament in 1999?
What did the European Court of Justice consider a Commissioner giving her dentist a job?
Who found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had the slightest sense of responsibility?
Who appointed a six-person board?
What do the President of the Council and a Commissioner have?
When was the Santer Commission censured?
What case did the European Court of Justice hold that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job did not break any law?
Who found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had the slightest sense of responsibility?
What is the name of the European Anti-fraud Office?
When did the Maltese Commissioner for Health investigate John Dalli?
Who have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
Why are elected representatives in the Parliament deficient?
When do Parliament elections take place?
What percentage of the Commission can censure the whole Commission?
Who are the members of the legislative process?
Who has a monopoly on initiating legislation?
Who have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
When was the Parliament's first direct elections?
When do Parliament elections take place?
What party is currently the largest?
What is the Council composed of?
Who is the former Prime Minister of Poland?
When voting takes place it is weighted what to member state size?
How many votes are there in total?
How many votes does TFEU article 238(3) mean?
What is the second main legislative body?
How long does Tusk meet?
How many votes are there in total?
What does TFEU article 16(4) mean?
What percentage of all MEPs must vote to block or suggest changes?
What is the Council's vote to approve changes?
What is the difference between changing EU law and staying the same?
What state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
Who believes it has the final say?
What defines the "ordinary legislative procedure" that applies for most EU acts?
What can be blocked by a majority in Parliament, a minority in the Council, and a majority in the Commission?
What state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
What is the name of the committee that represents MEPs, ministers and the Commission?
What branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the European Union?
How many judges are there in the Treaty on European Union?
Who applies most EU law?
What is the CJEU's duty?
What has the judicial branch of the EU played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the European Union?
What is the name of a tribunal to deal with EU staff issues?
How long is a president elected by the judges?
What is the CJEU's duty?
What is the Court of Justice's view that if EU law conflicts with a provision of national law, then EU law has primacy?
When was the treaty in effect?
In what years did Simmenthal SpA claim that a public health inspection fee for importing beef from France to Italy was contrary to two Regulations?
Who have to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems?
When was Costa v ENEL's first major case?
What is the name of the Court of Justice within the EU?
What law takes precedence over national law where this agreed in the Treaties?
What does the Court of Justice have the final say on?
When was the European Communities Act enacted?
What does the EU's legitimacy rest on?
What is the view of the German Constitutional Court from the Solange I and Solange II decisions?
What law binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
When were citizens or corporations said to not be allowed to bring claims against other non-state parties?
What can be subject to judicial review?
What law concerns the European Union's governance structure?
In which case was the EU Regulations and Treaties directly effective?
What article prevented the Dutch Customs Authorities charging tariffs?
What is Van Gend en Loos?
EU Regulations are the same as what?
What does not give citizens standing to sue other citizens?
How long does the Working Time Directive require that every worker have paid holidays each year?
How many days does the Working Time Directive require?
When did three Advocate Generals argue Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?
What can a citizen do if a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met?
What can a citizen or company invoke a Directive?
How long did Kücükdeveci work for Swedex GmbH & Co KG?
What court held that Mrs Foster was entitled to bring a sex discrimination claim against British Gas plc?
What did British Gas plc make if she was entitled to bring a sex discrimination claim against her employer?
Who have a duty to interpret domestic law as far as possible in light of the wording and purpose of the directive?
What did the Court of Justice do in Marleasing SA v La Comercial SA?
What did the Italian government do in Francovich v Italy?
How many Lira was Francovich allowed to claim from the Italian government?
Who developed the principles of European Union law?
What are accepted general principles of European Union Law?
When was proportionality recognised by the European Court of Justice?
In what section of the EC Treaty is the principle of proportionality also recognised?
What must be adopted when there is a choice between several appropriate measures?
When was the concept of legal certainty recognised by the European Court of Justice?
What is an important general principle that predates European Union law?
What must the adoption of laws that will have legal effect in the European Union have?
What are the roots of the doctrine of legitimate expectation?
What is the European Court of Justice bound to draw inspiration from?
The European Court of Justice cannot uphold measures which are incompatible with what?
What of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights?
Who should be prevented from violating human rights?
When was the European Convention on Human Rights established?
What established the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950?
When did the European Council set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?
In what year did the Lisbon Treaty recognise fundamental rights?
What is the same legal value as the Treaties?
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has become an integral part of what?
Who enforces the Charter and the Convention in relation to European Union measures?
What was the name of the Social Chapter?
In what year was the Social Chapter a part of the Treaty of Amsterdam?
When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?
How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?
How many pieces of legislation did the Social Charter become the basis for European legislation on these issues?
Who adopted the Social Charter in 1989?
Who refused to sign the Social Charter?
What was the Social Charter included in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty?
When was the Social Charter included as the "Social Chapter" of the Maastricht Treaty?
When was the Agreement on Social Policy introduced?
When was the UK Labour Party elected to government?
What did the UK adopt in 1994?
What year did the UK adopt the Parental Leave Directive?
What did the 1994 Work Council Directive require?
Which countries signed the European Coal and Steel Community agreement in 1951?
When was the European Coal and Steel Community agreement signed between France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany?
Article 65 of the agreement banned what?
What article made provisions for mergers and concentrations?
When were competition rules included in the Treaty of Rome?
In what article does the Treaty of Lisbon prohibit anti-competitive agreements?
What does Article 102 prohibit?
What articles provide that member state's right to deliver public services may not be obstructed?
What prohibits the abuse of dominant position?
When was the concept of a "social market economy" introduced into EU law?
When was the Treaty of Rome introduced?
What is the purpose of the free movement of goods, services, labour and capital?
What area had a tendency to give way to a customs union?
Who has taken the view that the specific goals of free trade are underpinned by the general goals of the treaty for improvement of people's well being?
What is the principle of non-discrimination achieved in the European Union?
Who could not get certificates from authorities in France?
What type of actors can states be responsible for?
In what case were French farmers vigilantes sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries?
What did Austria fail to stop passing over the A13?
What was the minimum alcohol content of all spirits and liqueurs?
Where did the Rewe-Zentrale AG import Cassis de Dijon?
In what year did the Italian law require that cocoa products that included other vegetable fats not be labeled as "chocolate"?
What was Italian chocolate made from?
What did the Court of Justice prohibit in a 2009 case?
What two importers claimed that their prosecution under a French competition law was unlawful?
What was the aim of the law?
In what case did the Court of Justice review Swedish bans on advertising to children under 12?
What directive harmonised restrictions on marketing and advertising?
What did the Treaties seek to enable people to pursue their life goals in any country?
What group focused on free movement of workers as a "factor of production"?
Free movement was increasingly based on what?
In what case did a German man claim the right to residence in the Netherlands?
How long was Mr Steymann entitled to stay?
The Free Movement of Workers Regulation set out the main provisions on equal treatment of workers?
Who claimed that he should be able to transfer from R.F.C. de Liège to USL Dunkerque?
What language did the Court of Justice accept that a requirement to speak in a Dublin design college could be justified as part of the public policy of promoting the Irish language?
What insurer did the Court of Justice hold that a Dutch national was not entitled to continue receiving incapacity benefits when he moved to Belgium?
How long did the Court of Justice rule that a Dutch woman living in the Netherlands did not have a right to receive German child benefits?
What has become a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice?
What has Citizenship of the EU increased?
In what case did the Court rule that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students to avoid "structural, staffing and financial problems"?
What has the Court required?
What treaty protects the "freedom of establishment" in article 49?
What would the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice be allowed?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a refusal to admit a lawyer was unjustified?
In what article does the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union protect the "freedom of establishment"?
In what case did the Court of Justice rule that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs was not a restriction?
When was a toxic waste spill off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire?
What is Spain's crime against?
When did the Court of Justice rule that the Commission could not propose what the criminal sanctions could be?
When was the competence for the Union contested?
What does TFEU article 56 apply to people who give services for remuneration?
What did Dutch law say only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice?
What drug was controlled in all member states?
What did the Dutch health authorities consider unnecessary?
Which newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands without first settling its tax bills in the UK?
How much capital did UK law require to start a company?
How many krone did Denmark's legislature think companies should be started up?
How could restrictions on freedom of establishment be justified?
What Court of Justice held that a German court could not deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract in Germany?
What is the name of the rainforest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America?
How many square kilometers are covered by the rainforest?
What is the name of the region that includes territory belonging to nine nations?
What is the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world?
What is the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world?
What is the Dutch name for the Amazon rainforest?
What is the name of the rainforest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America?
Where is the majority of the forest located?
How many of the planet's remaining rainforests is the Amazon?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon?
What type of forest does the Amazon rainforest cover most of the Amazon basin of South America?
How many square kilometers is this basin covered?
How many nations belong to this region?
Where is the majority of the forest located?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon?
What caused the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate to spread across the continent?
What has allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
During the Oligocene, how did the rainforest expand again during the Middle Miocene?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
What did the rainforest continue to thrive during these glacial periods?
What caused the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
How far south did the rainforest extend from 66–34 Mya?
What has allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
What was the name of the rainforest that spanned a relatively narrow band?
When did the Middle Miocene expand?
What event caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?
From what time period did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
When did it expand again?
When did the Middle Miocene retracted to a mostly inland formation?
How many years have climate fluctuations allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
What was believed to have flowed toward the Atlantic during the mid-Eocene?
What water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin?
What is now known as?
How long did the Purus Arch break through?
What did the accumulating water break through the Purus Arch?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
Water on the eastern side flowed toward what?
Where did water flow across the Amazonas Basin?
Where did water flow toward the Pacific?
What is now known as?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
Who split the drainage basin of the Amazon in the mid-Eocene?
Water on the eastern side flowed toward what?
Where did water flow across the Amazonas Basin?
What is now known as?
What is LGM?
How much rainfall was in the Amazon basin during the LGM?
What do some scientists argue was the rainforest reduced to?
What has been difficult to resolve because the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin?
What does the available data support?
How many years have there been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation?
What changes have occurred in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years?
What did the Analyses of from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present?
What was almost certainly associated with rainfall in the Amazon basin during the LGM?
How many years have there been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation?
What did the Analyses of from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present?
What type of vegetation was in the basin during the LGM?
What separates the rainforest to small, isolated refugia?
What does the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How many tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How many miles does the CALIPSO satellite measure the amount of dust from the Sahara to the Amazon?
What is the name of the basin where dust falls?
How many tons of dust remain in the air?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How many tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How many tons of dust fall over the Amazon basin?
How many tons of dust remain in the air?
How many tons of dust are windblown?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Who's?
How many tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How many miles does the CALIPSO satellite measure the amount of dust from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How many tons of dust fall over the Amazon basin?
What was Betty Meggers' book Amazonia?
How much is the population density per square kilometre?
Why was it impossible to sustain a large population in the Amazon rainforest?
Recent findings suggest that the region was actually densely populated?
How many people lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
Why was it impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture?
Who was a prominent proponent of Amazonia?
What is the population density per square kilometre?
In what book was Betty Meggers a prominent proponent of the idea?
Who was a prominent proponent of Amazonia?
In what book was Betty Meggers a prominent proponent of the idea?
What is the maximum population density in the rainforest?
How many people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
How many people were there by 1900?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Orellana believe that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon?
What is believed to have caused the civilization to be devastated by?
In what decade have geoglyphs been discovered on deforested land?
When were geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Francisco de Orellana travel the length of the Amazon River?
When were geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
Who is accredited with first discovering the geoglyphs in 1977?
How long has the Amazon rainforest been shaped by man?
What is Terra preta?
Where is Terra preta distributed?
What did the development of fertile soil allow in the previously hostile environment?
What tribe is located in the Amazon forest?
Who found the remains of some of the large settlements in the Amazon forest in 2003?
What is widely accepted as a product of indigenous soil management?
What did the development of fertile soil allow in the previously hostile environment?
What tribe is located in the Amazon forest?
Who found the remains of some of the large settlements in the Amazon forest in 2003?
What were some examples of?
How many insect species are in the region?
How many of the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the region?
How many fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams?
How many invertebrate species have scientists described in Brazil?
How many insect species are in the region?
How many birds and mammals are in the region?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the region?
How many reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region?
How many of the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many acres of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100 tree species?
How many tree species does Ecuador support?
How many tonnes of living plants can one square kilometer of Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass estimated at?
How many species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region?
What is the biodiversity of plant species?
How many tree species does Ecuador support?
How many tons of living plants can one square kilometer of Amazon rainforest contain?
How much is the average plant biomass per hectare estimated?
How many species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region?
What can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill?
What is one of the largest predatory creatures?
What is known to bite and injure humans?
What do poison dart frogs secret through their flesh?
Who can spread the rabies virus?
What is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas?
When was access to the forest restricted?
What method were farmers established during the 1960s based on?
Why were colonists unable to manage their fields and crops?
What is visible from outer space?
What was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
How many square kilometers of forest was lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
What does most of the forest lost in the Amazon become?
Brazil is the largest producer of soybeans in the world?
What percentage of land deforested since 1970 is used for livestock pasture?
Who are used to justify transportation projects that are currently developing in the Amazon?
What caused the first two highways to open up the rainforest?
How many sq mi is the mean annual deforestation rate per year?
What has declined significantly in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014?
How much higher was the mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
Why are environmentalists concerned about destruction of the forest?
What is the cause of the loss of biodiversity?
What could accelerate global warming?
What percentage of the carbon stores in ecosystems in Amazonian evergreen forests?
What is the order of carbon in Amazonian evergreen forests?
What caused the Amazon rainforest to become unsustainable?
What causes the Amazon rainforest to become unsustainable?
By what year did the Amazon rainforest lose its rainforest cover?
In what century could climate change threaten the rainforest?
What could threaten the rainforest in the 21st century?
What continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide?
Along with ethno-biology and what type of conservation efforts, the relationship between non-human primates and symbolism of indigenous lowland South American peoples has gained more attention?
What do indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear?
Who fights for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories?
What type of peoples have a relationship between non-human primates in subsistence and symbolism?
What is used by indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests?
Who map out their ancestral lands to help strengthen their territorial claims?
Where do Trio Tribe members live?
How do members of the Trio Tribe map their ancestral lands?
The use of remote sensing is being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from what?
What is the classification of stages within different parts of the forest?
How do trees grow in different parts of the forest?
Who organized the trees of the Amazon in 2006?
When did Tatiana Kuplich organize the trees of the Amazon?
What combination did the researcher use to place the different portions of the Amazon into one of the four classifications?
When did parts of the Amazon basin experience the worst drought in one hundred years?
Who argue that drought response is pushing the rainforest towards a "tipping point" where it would irreversibly start to die?
What are the effects of the drought response on regional climate?
What is the forest on the brink of being turned into?
What was the name of the research center in the UK newspaper The Independent published on July 23, 2006?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience another severe drought?
How many square miles of rainforest was the affected region?
How many epicenters did vegetation die off during the 2010 drought?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience another severe drought?
How much carbon dioxide does the Amazon absorb in a typical year?
What is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide?
What is a phylum of animals that live in?
How many millimeters are adults of cnidarians?
What is ctenophora?
What are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians use for digestion and respiration?
What is the size of the adult population?
What are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia?
What is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide?
What is the size of the adult population?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians use for digestion and respiration?
What is the Greek word for comb jellies?
Where do animals live?
How much weight can ctenophores eat in a day?
How many species have been validated?
How many species have not been fully described and named?
How many species have been validated?
What is the name of the small tentacles that are covered with colloblasts?
How much weight can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are cydippids with egg-shaped bodies and a pair of retractable tentacles?
What do the coastal beroids have?
How much weight can ctenophores eat in a day?
What is the name of the small tentacles that are covered with colloblasts?
What do the coastal beroids have?
What are the sticky cells that capture prey covered with tentilla?
How many species have been validated?
What are hermaphrodites?
What type of cydippids do most species look like?
In some species, juveniles are capable of reproducing before reaching what size?
What do hermaphrodites produce?
How can hermaphrodites produce eggs and sperm?
What type of hermaphrodites do eggs and sperm mature?
What type of eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies?
What combination allows small populations to grow at an explosive rate?
What are hermaphrodites?
What can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time?
When do hermaphrodites mature?
What type of eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies?
What are the exceptions to the platyctenids?
Where has Mnemiopsis accidentally been introduced?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What factors aggravated the growth of the Mnemiopsis population?
What do Beroe prey on?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What is Mnemiopsis blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse?
Where do ctenophores occur in very high numbers?
Where do ctenophores occur in very high numbers?
What is phytoplankton?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What is Mnemiopsis blamed for?
Why did Beroe prey on other ctenophores?
When did the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction occur?
What does evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicate that the "cydippids" are not?
How many years ago have fossils been found in lagerstätten?
What are fossils thought to represent ctenophores?
How many years ago have fossils been found in lagerstätten?
What event occurred 66 million years ago?
What does evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicate that the "cydippids" are not?
What are fossils thought to represent ctenophores?
What is a complex animal phylum?
What distinguishes ctenophores from all other animals?
What animal phylum is less complex than?
What form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What is a complex animal phylum?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What two types of sponges have: cells bound by inter-cell connections and carpet-like basement membranes?
What animal phylum is less complex than?
What is the middle layer of jelly-like material called in cnidarians and ctenophores?
What are ctenophores and cnidarians traditionally labelled?
What animals have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material?
What type of animals have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material?
What is the main method of locomotion of ctenophores?
What do ctenophores use as their main?
What are comb-like bands of cilia called?
What does the Greek word "ctenophora" mean?
What is the name of the coastal genera that most attention has focused on?
What species are so fragile that it is very difficult to capture them intact for study?
What do Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles?
What are the three coastal genera that most attention has focused on?
What is the gastrodermis?
What does photocytes produce?
What is a "throat"?
What is the internal cavity?
What are the roots of the tentacles?
What are the outer surface's comb rows called?
What are the "combs" also called?
What is the extra compact filament suspected to have?
Where do ctenophores swim?
How long are the cilia?
What do some species rely on to adapt to water of different densities?
The ciliary rosettes in the body cavity may pump the ciliary rosettes into what?
What do the ciliary rosettes pump into the mesoglea to avoid sinking?
What can rosettes pump water out of the mesoglea?
What is the largest sensory feature?
What is the aboral organ?
What is the statocyst protected by?
What is the main component of the balance sensor?
What is a statocyst?
What is Pleurobrachia?
What extends from opposite sides of the body?
What type of body does Cydippid ctenophores have?
What is one of the tentacles that can be withdrawn from the body?
What is the mouth of Pleurobrachia?
What are the tentacles of cydippid ctenophores typically fringed with?
What type of cells are Colloblasts?
What type of cell type are the tentilla of Euplokamis?
How many types of movement do Euplokamis' tentilla have?
What do Euplokamis' tentilla have three types of movement?
How many rows of combs run from near the mouth to the opposite end?
How do eight rows of combs run?
How are eight rows of combs spaced?
What happens to each balancer in the statocyst?
What do the Lobata have?
What type of projections do lobates have between the lobes on either side of the mouth?
How many auricles do many species of lobates have between the lobes on either side of the mouth?
What does cilia produce water currents?
What do lobates feed continuously on?
What can Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis escape from danger?
What happens to the lobes of Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis?
What are the movements of lobates' combs coordinated by?
What are the movements of lobates' combs coordinated by?
What is the Beroida also known as?
What pharynx bears "macrocilia" at the oral end?
What do adhesive epithelial cells form on the stomach wall?
What do the strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do when the animal is not feeding?
What do the Beroida bear at the oral end?
What is a ribbon-shaped planktonic animal?
What is one of the largest ctenophores?
What are the Cestida?
What can cestids swim?
What is less than 20 centimeters long?
How many tentilla-bearing tentacles do Platyctenida have on the aboral surface?
What do they do by everting the pharynx and using it as a muscular "foot"?
What do platyctenid species lack?
What are Platyctenids usually cryptically colored?
How are eggs and sperm released?
What does platyctenids use to keep eggs in brood chambers until they hatch?
What genus has self-fertilization been seen?
Where are the gonads located?
Fertilization is what in most species?
What do juveniles lack in the genus Beroe?
Where do juveniles live?
After dropping to the sea floor, what happens to the juveniles?
What do juveniles behave in some groups?
In which genus do juveniles lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths?
What happens when some species are disturbed?
What happens when some species produce secretions that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies?
What is secretions that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies?
What will the luminescence of adults do in relation to their body size?
How many ctenophores are predators?
What do members of the genus Haeckelia prey have on?
What do members of the genus Haeckelia prey incorporate their prey's nematocysts into their tentacles?
What does Bolinopsis feed on?
What species feeds exclusively on salps?
What made Ctenophores a poor diet for other animals?
What is Oncorhynchus keta?
What remains are often difficult to identify in the guts of predators?
Where are herbivorous fishes deliberately feeding on gelatinous zooplankton during blooms?
What do jellyfish and turtles eat?
What was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
When was the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
What did the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata eventually bring under control?
When was the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
What did the cooling of the climate cause?
Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils?
What could the Ediacaran Eoandromeda represent?
In what period were the Burgess Shale and other Canadian rocks of similar age?
How many putative species were found in the Burgess Shale?
How many comb rows were there?
How long ago did Stromatoveris date?
What fossil dated to about 515 million years ago?
What fossil is very similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period?
What is the fossil Stromatoveris similar to in the Ediacaran period?
In what period did the fossil Stromatoveris date to about 515 million years ago?
What is the sister lineage of ctenophores?
What major animal lineages were neural and muscle cell types lost in?
What ctenophores have cydippid-like larvae?
What does Richard Harbison's purely morphological analysis conclude that the cydippids are not?
How many years ago did the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores survive?
Who concluded that the cydippids are not monophyletic?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
What miles northwest of Los Angeles is it?
What does Fresno mean in Spanish?
What leaf is featured on the city's flag?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
When did the Central Pacific Railroad establish a station near Easterby's?
What did many Millerton residents worry about?
When did Fresno become an incorporated city?
How many streetcars did Fresno Traction Company operate by 1931?
What store grew Fresno Station?
What percentage of Fresno's population is Asian?
What ethnic neighborhood did Fresno have before World War II?
Where was the Pinedale Assembly Center located?
What was the Pinedale Assembly Center?
What was the Fresno Fairgrounds used as?
What is the name of the new product that Bank of America launched in Fresno in 1958?
What is the name of the new product that Bank of America launched in Fresno in 1958?
What did BankAmericard allow cardholders to do?
When was Visa Inc renamed?
What was the name of BankAmericard?
Who wrote "Walking Into Fresno"?
Who recorded "Walking Into Fresno"?
Where did Aken live?
Where did Aken play guitar?
Who adopted Aken?
How many large public parks does Fresno have?
Where is the Fresno Chaffee Zoo located?
What is the largest of the Fresno region's park system?
What is the name of Woodward Park?
What is the largest of the Fresno region's park system?
Between the 1880s and World War II, what year did Downtown Fresno flourish?
What was the original building of the Fresno County Courthouse?
What is the Grand 1401?
What hotel was burned down?
When was Fulton Street converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls?
What is the name of the area that contains the densest collection of historic buildings in Fresno?
Who is the only public art piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch?
Where will the public art pieces be restored?
What will the public art pieces feature to continue with the pedestrian friendly environment of the district?
Where is Sunnyside located?
What are the major thoroughfares of Clovis Avenue?
In what decade did the home construction boom?
What neighborhood is on Fresno's far southeast side?
Who designed the Sunnyside Country Club?
What is the name of the popular neighborhood in the Tower District?
When was the theater built?
What is the name of the theater?
What school was originally renamed California State University at Fresno?
How long is the Tower District neighborhood south of Fresno City College?
When did the Tower Theatre reopen?
The Tower Theatre was re-opened in the late 1970s?
When did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players open?
Who performed in the leading roles of Evita and The Wiz while she was a high school student?
What two roles did Audra McDonald perform in?
What is the name of the nightclubs in the neighborhood?
Within a few hundred feet of each other, which neighborhood features restaurants, live theater and nightclubs?
What district has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses since renewal?
What district has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses since renewal?
What district has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses since renewal?
What is the name of the area that has been restored in recent decades?
What type of houses are designed by Fresno architects?
What contrasts the residential architecture of the Tower District with the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas of Fresno?
How many homes have been restored in the early twentieth century?
Where is the section of First Street between First Street on the west to Cedar Avenue on the east?
Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract?
When did Billings & Meyering acquire the tract?
How many homes did the tract have?
Who provided streetcar connections between downtown and County Hospital?
What is the "West Side" of Fresno called?
Where is the 99 freeway located?
What type of community is Fresno traditionally considered to be the center of?
What are the major Mexican-American and Asian-American populations?
What is one of the oldest neighborhoods in Fresno?
Who was the founder of Kearney Boulevard?
What is Kearney Boulevard lined with?
What street was the preferred neighborhood for Fresno's elite African-American families?
What section of the West Side was given the name by the Fresno City Council?
What was known as the Dogg Pound?
When did the Fresno Housing Authority build public housing developments?
Where is a modern shopping center located?
Who have large processing facilities in the neighborhood?
Where is the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport located?
What type of retail activity does Fresno Street have?
Who founded Woodward Park?
How many acres does the park have?
How many people are in the Amphitheatre?
How many miles will the Lewis S. Eaton trail system cover?
When is the park open?
When was Sierra Sky Park Airport formed?
Who created the first planned aviation community?
What airport was founded in 1946?
What type of vehicles are allowed to share certain roads?
How many aviation communities are there in Sierra Sky Park?
What type of summers is Fresno marked by?
When is the warmest month?
What is the average annual precipitation?
Where does most of the wind rose direction occurrences originate?
In what year are southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics increased?
What is the official record high temperature for Fresno?
When was Fresno's record low?
When was the most rainfall in one month?
What was the heaviest snowfall at the airport?
What was the most rainfall in 24 hours on November 18, 1885?
What was Fresno's population in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's racial makeup was white?
How many African Americans are from other races?
What percentage of the population were non-Hispanic whites in 2010?
What was the population density per square mile?
How many households had children under the age of 18 living in them?
What percentage of households had a female householder with no husband present?
How many same-sex married couples were there?
What was the average family size?
What was the average household size?
How many people lived in the city as of 2000?
How many housing units were there?
What percentage of the city's racial makeup was Black or African American?
What percentage of Hmong is Asian?
What was the population density per square mile?
To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area, what did the Federal Communications Commission decide that Fresno would only have UHF television stations?
What was the first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting?
When did KMJ-TV debut?
What is KMJ now known as?
What CBS affiliate is ABC O&O KFSN?
What is the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley?
What is the name of the State Route 168?
What is the name of the Yosemite Freeway?
Where does the State Route 180 come from?
What is the largest U.S. city not directly connected to an Interstate highway?
When was the Interstate Highway System created?
What is the current State Route?
What is the cause of the increase in population and traffic in cities along SR 99?
Who provides Passenger rail service?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot located?
Which railroads cross in Fresno?
What railroad operates former Southern Pacific branchlines?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot located?
Who developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What concept was largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System?
Who coined the modern name packet switching?
What did Paul Baran develop in the late 1950s?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
Who coined the modern name packet switching?
What method pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
What is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time?
What can packet switching be characterized by?
What method pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, which method pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
What is circuit switching characterized in cases of billable services?
What can packet switching be characterized by?
Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes?
How are packets usually forwarded by intermediate network nodes?
What can be delivered in case of a shared physical medium?
Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes?
Packets are usually forwarded by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering?
What can be delivered in case of a shared physical medium?
What did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks?
What did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force?
What are the three key ideas that the work focuses on?
What are the three key ideas that the work focuses on?
What was described in Report P-2626?
What are the three key ideas that the work focuses on: the use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points?
What concept did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks?
What are the three key ideas that the work focuses on?
Who developed the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What was Baran's name?
What did Baran propose to build a nationwide network in the UK?
What did Davies' team suggest the ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles for?
Who developed the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What was Baran's name?
What did Davies' team propose to use in the ARPANET?
In connectionless mode, which packet includes complete addressing information?
How are packets routed?
What can each packet be labeled with?
At the destination, what is reassembled in the correct order?
What is different for different packets?
What requires the node to look up the connection id in a table?
What does the packets include?
What is required for connection-oriented transmission?
What do both X.25 and Frame Relay provide?
X.25 and Frame Relay have been supplanted by the Internet Protocol at the network layer?
What has been supplanted by the Internet Protocol at the network layer?
What is a typical configuration to run IP over ATM?
When did ARPANET and SITA HLN become operational?
What two fundamental differences involved the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core?
In the virtual call system, the network guarantees sequenced delivery of data to the host?
What is an example of a datagram protocol?
What was AppleTalk's proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. in 1985?
What features did AppleTalk include?
What does the AppleTalk system configure?
What was the name of the plug-n-play system?
What was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin?
What was the first network to make hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
What was the first network to make hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
What did Concepts of this network influence?
What is DECnet?
What do DECnet's network protocols aim to do?
What was the first OSI-compliant networking protocol?
What were open standards for DECnet Phase II and later?
What was the name of the data network that was designed to connect GE's four computer sales and service centers?
What was GE's first computer time-sharing service?
What did Sinback lose money from the beginning?
What did Kemney decide that a time-sharing system could be profitable?
How did Merit Network explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities?
When was an interactive host to host connection made between IBM mainframe computer systems at the University of Michigan?
What type of network did TCP/IP and other public universities in Michigan join?
What was Telenet?
Who founded ARPANET?
What was Larry Roberts' goal?
What did ARPANET change the terminal interface to?
What company sold the Telenet to?
What was Tymnet?
How did Tymnet use X.25, SNA/SDLC, BSC and ASCII interfaces?
What are users typically connected via dial-up or dedicated async connections?
What did the private network business allow?
What were the private networks often connected via gateways to?
What two types of X.25 networks were initially implemented with an X.25 external interface?
What company was a joint venture between Bell Canada and Northern Telecom?
What could a user or host call a host on a foreign network?
What was the name of the Australian public X.25 network operated by?
What was AUSTPAC's first public packet-switched data network?
How can a permanent X.25 node be connected to a PAD?
What was the name of the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom?
What did the X.121 DNIC 2041 refer to?
What did Datanet 1 refer to?
What caused the confusion between KPN and KPN?
What was the name of the computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation?
What was the purpose of ARPANET?
What role did the Internet play in spreading awareness and access to national networking?
What is Internet2?
Who built the first Internet2 Network?
What was the name of the Internet2 Network?
What did Internet2 announce in 2006?
What is Abilene's name for the Internet2 Network?
What was the name of the network that was sponsored by the National Science Foundation?
What did the National Science Foundation Network promote?
What did NSF-funded supercomputing centers become?
What was the name of the vBNS service that came on line in April 1995?
What did the National Science Foundation sponsor the Very high-speed Backbone Network Service?
What was the name of the cooperative agreement between MCI Telecommunications and NSF?
How did the vBNS connect more than 100 universities and research and engineering institutions?
What did the vBNS upgrade the backbone to?
Where is the Black Death thought to have originated?
What type of ships did Oriental rat fleas carry?
What percentage of Europe's population was killed by the Black Death?
When did the world population recover to pre-plague levels?
When did the plague recur in Europe?
What is Yersinia pestis enzootic?
When were Nestorian graves located near Lake Issyk Kul?
In what country could the epidemic spread to?
When did famine begin?
How many Chinese and other Asians were killed during the 15 years before it reached Constantinople?
Who introduced Plague to Europe in 1347?
Who was the Mongol army under?
What did the Mongol army catapult over the city walls of Kaffa?
Where did the Genoese traders flee?
What conditions contributed to the severity of the Black Death?
Where did the disease spread?
Where did it spread to in 1351?
Where was the plague more common?
Where did the disease spread from 1348 to 1350?
When was the ship introduced in Norway?
What was the result of the pandemic?
When did the plague reach Alexandria?
How did the plague reach Alexandria?
Where did the residents of Asia Minor flee?
Who claimed that the Latin name atra mors first appeared in modern times in 1631?
What was the Latin name for the 14th century epidemic?
Who wrote a book on Danish history?
When was the Black Death first called in England?
Where did the name spread?
What caused a "great pestilence in the air"?
Who wrote a report that blamed the heavens?
What became the most widely accepted theory?
What is the name of the theory today known as?
Who is responsible for the Black Death?
When did scientists visit the pathogen that caused the 19th century plague?
Who was the pathogen named Yersinia pestis?
What was established in 1898 by Paul-Louis Simond?
What was the bubonic plague mechanism dependent on?
Who wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893?
What did Gasquet suggest the 'Great Pestilence' appear to be?
When was the Black Death published?
What was the cause of the bubonic plague?
What was the name of the plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE?
What is the mortality rate of the modern bubonic plague?
What is the fever rate of the modern bubonic plague?
How many people die within eight days?
What is the mortality rate of Pneumonic plague?
What are the symptoms of high fevers?
When did the open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens publish a paper?
What did PLoS Pathogens do in 2010?
What technique was used to assess the presence of Y. pestis from the tooth sockets in human skeletons?
What was Y. pestis isolated from?
What did Y. pestis become the causative agent of during the Middle Ages?
What are the two previously unknown but related clades of the Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves?
What modern Y. pestis strains were found to be ancestral to?
What did Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis suggest?
When did the first plague pit enter Europe?
When did plague pit reach England?
What have the results of the Haensch study been?
Where did Schuenemann et al. conclude that the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by Y. pestis?
What may no longer exist?
When was the genome of Y. pestis sequenced?
Who challenged the plague theory in 1970?
What did J. F. D. Shrewsbury say was inconsistent with in rural areas during the 14th century pandemic?
What was Shrewsbury's conclusion about the plague theory?
What was Graham Twigg's first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory?
Who wrote the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory?
What is as important as an identification of symptoms?
Why are researchers hampered by an epidemiological account of the plague?
What is the estimated population at the start of the Domesday Book?
Who extrapolates estimates of plague victims?
When was the Domesday Book published?
What did sceptics of the bubonic plague theory argue was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic?
What was the transference of fleas in goods likely to be?
What is the reason for the lack of accounts of the death of rats in northern Europe?
What was the spread of the Black Death faster than the spread of modern bubonic plague?
How many years is the Black Death separated from modern bubonic plague?
What was the cause of Twigg's suggestion?
What did Norman Cantor think the cause of anthrax may have been?
What other diseases can be explained by a combination of bubonic plague with?
What is a type of "blood poisoning"?
How many bodies were exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London in 2014?
What is the most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East?
How many people died in Paris?
How many pre-planning and Christian burials were found in a burial pit in Central London?
How much of the population dies in crowded cities?
What areas were less vulnerable to contagion?
During what centuries did the plague return to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean?
Where was the Second Pandemic in Europe every year?
How many people did France lose in the epidemic of 1628-31?
How many preincident population figures do historians in England propose in 1300?
When did the Black Death subsided?
How much of the population did an outbreak take in 1471?
When did the Great Plague of London end?
How many people died in Paris in 1466?
Where did the Black Death continue?
What is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War?
What was the last plague outbreak in Oslo?
How many times did Plague occur in Venice between 1361 and 1528?
How many people were killed in the first half of the 17th century?
How many people were killed by the plague in 1656?
What did the plague of 1649 probably reduce the population of Seville?
What was the name of the plague epidemic that followed the Great Northern War?
When did Europe's last major epidemic occur?
Between 1500 and 1850 what year was Plague present in the Islamic world?
How many inhabitants did Algiers lose to it in 1620–21?
What period of the 19th century did Plague remain a major event in Ottoman society?
What percentage of Bagdad's population has been wiped out?
When a rock crystallizes from what?
What type of rock can be turned into?
What is formed from which an igneous rock may once again crystallize?
What are the three major types of rock?
What change the mineral content of the rock which gives it a characteristic fabric?
What was the most important discovery in the 1960s?
What is the lithosphere that includes the Earth's lithosphere?
What is the lithosphere called?
The oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of what?
When did a series of discoveries show that the Earth's lithosphere is separated into a number of tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle?
What were the mid-ocean ridges explained as?
What were arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes explained as?
What was the San Andreas fault system?
Who invented the theory of continental drift?
The power of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over what?
What can seismologists use in reverse to image the interior of the Earth?
What is the lithosphere on top of the layered model of the Earth?
What is below the crust and lithosphere?
What are seismologists able to create detailed images of inside the earth?
What are below the mantle below?
What scale shows the most recent eon?
What is a very short period with short epochs?
What epoch is too small to be shown on the third timeline on the right?
Q stands for what period?
What principle pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?
If a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, the formations that were cut must be what?
What can help determine if the fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault?
If a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, what are the formations that were cut?
What igneous rocks are found when?
What are foreign bodies picked up as?
What are inclusions found in sedimentary rocks?
What principle states that if inclusions are found in a formation, then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them?
In sedimentary rocks, what is common for to be ripped up and included in a newer layer?
What principle is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
Who laid out Darwin's theory of evolution?
What is the principle of fossilization?
What organisms exist at the same time period in the world?
Who published William Smith's theory of evolution?
When was the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events facilitated?
What type of correlation did geologists use to date sections of rock?
What did isotopic dates allow to assign to rock units?
What did geologists only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to?
Where could absolute dates be applied to?
What can be used to determine temperature profiles within the crust?
What is the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice?
What are measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature?
What can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units that do not contain radioactive isotopes?
When rock units are placed under what?
Where can brittle deformation occur?
What do the material in the center of the fold buckle upwards?
What does the material in the center of the fold buckle downwards create?
What are the tops of the rock units in the folds called?
What causes the rock units to become longer and thinner?
What are stretched rocks that can pinch into lenses?
Where is the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon seen over a length of less than a meter?
Rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched are often what?
What is the primary way to accomplish this?
What are long, planar igneous intrusions?
Where do dikes often form?
Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of what?
What maintains the topographic gradient?
What are often associated with volcanism and igneous activity?
What type of lava flows do the Hawaiian Islands consist of?
What is the oldest known rock in the world?
What are the sedimentary sequences of the mid-continental United States and the Grand Canyon in the southwest of the United States?
When did the sedimentary sequences of the mid-continental United States and the Grand Canyon remain in place?
Where is the Acasta gneiss located?
What is petrology?
What is stratigraphy?
What is structural geology?
How do geologists study rivers, landscapes, and glaciers?
What do petrologists do in the laboratory?
What are minerals that can be identified through their different properties in plane-polarized and cross-polarized light?
Stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into what?
Where do petrologists identify rock samples?
What type of microscope is used to analyze thin sections of rock samples?
Petrologists can also use fluid inclusion data and perform what to understand the temperature and pressures at which different mineral phases appear?
Petrologists can also use fluid inclusion data and perform what to understand the temperature and pressures at which different mineral phases appear?
How do petrologists change mineral phases through igneous and igneous processes?
Who uses microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What type of analysis does structural geologists use to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do geological structures combine in order to better understand the orientations of faults and folds?
How do rock deformations perform?
What are the zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries?
What are some of the most well-known experiments in structural geology?
What is pulled along a lower surface into a back stop?
What happens to a critically tapered wedge?
What are more sophisticated and can include patterns of erosion and uplift in the mountain belt?
Who analyzes samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field?
What do Stratigraphers analyze data from?
What can be combined to produce a better view of the subsurface?
What do stratigraphers often use to do this in three dimensions?
Where can Stratigraphers locate areas for?
What do geochronologists precisely date rocks in the stratigraphic section?
Who analyzes rock samples from outcrop and drill cores for fossils found in them?
What look for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within the drill core?
Who precisely date rocks in the stratigraphic section?
The origin of geology can be traced to what country after the Muslim conquests had come to an end?
Who was one of the earliest Persian geologists?
Who formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation in China?
Who proposed explanations for the formation of mountains, the origin of earthquakes, and other topics central to modern geology?
What was Shen Kuo's hypothesis for the process of land formation?
Who is often viewed as the first modern geologist?
What paper was presented to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1785?
When did Hutton publish a two-volume version of his ideas?
What was his theory that the Earth must be much older than it was supposed to be?
Who produced the first geological map of the U.S.?
When was the first geological map of the U.S. produced?
When did Maclure begin the self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States?
What memoir was published in the Society's Transactions?
Who submitted the results of his unaided labours to?
What is the name of Sir Charles Lyell's famous book?
What doctrine did Charles Darwin promote?
What doctrine did Charles Darwin promote?
What is the theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events?
Who influenced the thought of uniformitarianism?
How long is Newcastle upon Tyne?
How far from the North Sea is Newcastle upon Tyne?
What network of European cities is Newcastle a member of?
Newcastle was part of what county until 1400?
What is the regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area?
Who was William the Conqueror's eldest son?
What trade trade did the city become in the 14th century?
What was the name of the mining area in the 14th century?
When did the port develop?
What is the most popular half marathon in the world?
What was the name of the first settlement in Newcastle?
What river did Pons Aelius cross?
How many people lived in Pons Aelius?
What wall is still visible in Newcastle?
What tribes incursion from the north of Hadrian's Wall?
What was Newcastle's northern fortress throughout the Middle Ages?
Who granted a charter to the city in 1589?
How tall was a stone wall built around the town in the 13th century?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174?
How many times was Newcastle defended against the Scots during the 14th century?
What did a royal act restrict from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside?
What is a cartel of Newcastle burgesses known as?
What does the phrase itself mean?
What type of entrepreneur was Timothy Dexter widely regarded as in the 18th century?
What did merchants plot to send coal to Newcastle?
What was the name of the close-knit community of keelmen in the Sandgate area?
What were the keels used to transfer coal from the river banks to the waiting colliers?
How many people died of plague in the 1630s?
What percentage of Newcastle's population died from the epidemic in 1636?
What could have been the most devastating loss in any British City in the year 1636?
What did the North declare for during the English Civil War?
What are Cromwell's allies?
What roar did Cromwell's allies roar?
What is the motto fortiter Defendit Triumphans?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646–7?
What was the result of this revolution?
What was the largest pottery company in the world?
What was Newcastle one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by?
In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to what?
What invention led to the revolution of marine propulsion and production of cheap electricity?
What type of street layout does Newcastle retain?
What are chares?
From the riverside to higher parts of the city centre, what remains intact in places?
Close, Sandhill and Quayside contain what type of buildings?
What is the "House of Tides"?
What is the name of the neoclassical centre in the city?
What did Stuart Maconie describe Newcastle as?
What is one of the finest streets in England?
When was Grainger Town demolished?
What was the name of the Eldon Square demolished in the 1960s?
What green space in Newcastle is located north of the city centre?
What do freemen of London have the right to do?
What is the largest travelling funfair in Europe?
When is the Hoppings funfair held?
Who have the right to graze cattle on the city?
What has replaced former shipping premises with new office developments?
Who commissioned the Gateshead Millennium Bridge?
Who designed The Sage Gateshead music centre?
What type of promotion have Newcastle and Gateshead linked together to spearhead the regeneration of the North-East?
How many days did the Bambuco Bridge last?
What is the historic heart of Newcastle?
Between 1835 and 1842 what were some of Newcastle upon Tyne's finest buildings and streets built?
How many stories high are these buildings?
How many buildings are listed in Grainger Town?
What was the name of the market originally built in 1808?
When was the Grainger Market opened?
How many guests attended the grand dinner?
What does the Laing Art Gallery have?
What is the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the
What is the climate in Newcastle?
What is the influence of the Gulf Stream?
What is the shadow of the North Pennines?
When did Newcastle Weather Centre record temperature extremes?
Newcastle has milder winters and cooler summers similar to what other area?
When was Newcastle ranked ninth in the retail centre expenditure league of the UK?
What is one of the largest city centre shopping complexes in the UK?
What store opened in 1838?
What did the Bainbridge ledgers report revenue?
When was the new bus station officially opened?
What is Grainger Street and Grey's Monument?
Where are Gosforth and Byker located?
What store is located in Kingston Park?
What is the largest indoor shopping centre in Europe?
Where is the MetroCentre located?
What was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly?
What were Tyneside flats built as?
Where did Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula see a new development?
Cany Ash and Robert Sakula were attracted by the possibilities of high density without building high and getting rid of common areas?
What did Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula see without building high and getting rid of common areas?
What is the proportion of detached homes in the 2010 census?
The proportion of converted or shared houses in 2011 renders this dwelling type within the highest of the five colour-coded brackets?
What is the proportion of detached homes in the 2010 census?
What authority is one of few to see the proportion of detached homes rise in the 2010 Census?
What are Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and what other area?
In what year was Newcastle reported to have a population of 189,863?
What borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000?
What type of student population is in Newcastle?
What universities are located in Newcastle and Northumbria?
Jesmond and Heaton are areas with what predominant population?
What is the average age of people living in Newcastle?
Many people in the city have Scottish or Irish ancestors?
What surnames are Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Kerr, Hall, Nixon, Little and Robson?
How many Bolivians live in Newcastle?
How much of Newcastle's population is Bolivian?
What is Newcastle's dialect known as?
Who migrated to England after the end of Roman Imperial rule?
What does the Geordie dialect retain?
What words are pronounced "deed", "coo", "hoos" and "strang"?
What is "burn"?
Where are the Geordie words origins?
Where are some words used in the Geordie dialect used?
Where are the words "bonny" and "nowt" used?
What words appear to be used exclusively in Newcastle?
What is the name of the gooien in Newcastle?
In what report was Newcastle named the noisiest city in the whole UK?
What was Newcastle named in a report published by the Ear Institute?
How many decibels did Newcastle have?
What did the report claim that the noise levels would have a long-term impact on the health of the city's residents?
What did Newcastle's report include without pedestrian access?
What is the 'Diamond Strip'?
What is the name of the new "The Gate" complex?
How many screens is the Empire multiplex cinema?
What is Newcastle's gay scene called?
What is Newcastle's gay scene?
What does the city have a proud history of?
Who managed the original Theatre Royal?
How many seasons did Stephen Kemble guide the theatre through?
When was the original Theatre Royal in Newcastle opened?
What street was demolished to make way for?
How many theatres are there in the city?
What is the largest theatre on Grey Street?
What company has hosted a season of performances for over 25 years?
What talent does the Mill Volvo Tyne Theatre feature?
What was NewcastleGateshead voted as in 2006?
What is the largest independent library outside London?
How many CDs does the music library contain?
Who designed the building?
What was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
Who was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
What festival takes place in April?
When is the Evolution Festival held?
What year is the AV Festival held?
What festival runs for 2 weeks each year in mid June?
How many weeks does NewcastleGateshead run each year?
What is the largest travelling fair in Europe?
When does the Hoppings take place?
What movement originated during the early 1880s?
What is the Northern Rock Cyclone?
What festival is held in Leazes Park?
What is an annual two-day multicultural event held on the late August bank holiday weekend?
Where will the 2009 event take place?
What annual festival provides the public with the opportunity to see work by regional, national and international designers?
What is the name of the cultural festival that is held in early October?
Who holds an annual International Arts Fair?
Lindisfarne are a what?
When was "Fog on the Tyne" released?
Who was the originator of black metal?
What is the name of the first folk metal band formed in Newcastle?
Andy Taylor was the lead guitarist of whom?
When was the Pilgrim Street building refurbished?
Where did the cinema relocate to during the refurbishment of the Pilgrim Street building?
How many cinemas are currently on the site?
What is the last news cinema in full-time operation?
What is the Tyneside Bar?
What museum is Newcastle's Science Village?
What is the Discovery Museum a museum highlighting?
What was the heritage of the Discovery Museum?
When did the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities merge with the Great North Museum?
What is a museum dedicated to children's books?
What is the earliest known movie featuring some exterior scenes filmed in the city?
What film was shot in Newcastle in 1971?
What was the name of Stormy Monday?
Who directed Stormy Monday?
Which gangster film was directed by Mike Figgis?
Where does Newcastle have a horse racing course?
Who play their home games at Northumbria University?
Which speedway team is based at Brough Park in Byker?
Where are Newcastle Diamonds based?
What is a road race from Newcastle to Blaydon?
How long is Newcastle International Airport located?
What system connects Newcastle to Newcastle?
How long does a journey into Newcastle city centre take?
How many passengers does the airport handle per year?
How many destinations are available worldwide as of 2007?
What was enhanced over the arches?
How many Grade One listed railway stations are there in the UK?
What n architecture was enhanced to transform the 19th century public portico?
Who constructed the neoclassical façade?
What is the other mainline station in the city?
How many trains does Virgin Trains East Coast provide to London King's Cross?
How many hours does Virgin Trains East Coast travel to London King's Cross?
Where are Virgin Trains East Coast trains called?
Which trains serve destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands and South West?
Who provides local and regional services?
What is the name of the Metro that serves Tyne and Wear?
How many phases was Britain's first urban light rail transit system opened between 1980 and 1984?
What type of tunnels were built through Newcastle city centre?
What bridge was built across the Tyne?
How many passengers does Nexus carry a year?
What is the name of the refurbishment and modernization of the system?
What type of ticket gates have been introduced at busiest stations?
What are also being overhauled?
What is the long term plan for the procurement of?
What would be required for some of the proposed routes?
What is the name of the major roads in the area?
What is the name of the A68 that heads past Newcastle Airport?
What is the name of the A167?
What was the name of the new line of the A1?
What was increased when a project to build a second road tunnel and refurbish the first tunnel was completed?
How many bus companies provide services in the city?
How many major bus stations are in Haymarket?
What is the name of the bus company in North East?
Nexus is a member of the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive?
What bus station operates from Eldon Square Bus Station?
When did Newcastle first develop its cycling strategy?
What do the local council social aims and objectives for cycling include?
What does cycling promote?
On what route does the authority innovate and implement contraflows?
What do the local networks link to?
Who runs a service to IJmuiden?
When did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg stop?
What was the cause of the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg?
When was the ferry service to Bergen and Stavanger terminated?
Which cruise line has included Newcastle as a departure port on its Norwegian and Fjords cruise?
How many LEA funded schools are in Newcastle?
How many independent schools are in Newcastle?
What is the largest co-ed independent school?
What is the largest general further education college in the North East?
What Catholic school does Kenton School have?
How many universities does Newcastle University have?
What is the name of the city's two universities?
What award did the University of the Year award in 2000?
What was the name of the University of Northumbria at Newcastle in 1992?
What is Newcastle University?
How many cathedrals does Newcastle have?
When was the Anglican St. Nicholas's lantern tower built?
What cathedral is located in Fenham?
Who is the only parish church in the Church of England without a parish?
What do all three cathedrals start their lives as?
What is traditionally recognised as the oldest church in this town?
When was the main porch added?
What was the last addition to the building in 1726?
What is the last of the last churchyards to retain its original character?
What tower was battered by the Scots during the Siege of Newcastle?
Where was ITV Tyne Tees based?
Where did the Watermark business park move to in 2005?
What was the name of the 1980s music television programme The Tube?
What is the Pink Palace known as?
What local radio station does Look North broadcast?
What is the first full-time community radio station in the area?
What radio is run by students from both of the city's universities?
In what year has Radio Tyneside been the voluntary hospital radio service for most hospitals across Newcastle and Gateshead?
What station is based at the Great North Children's Hospital?
What building does Newcastle Student Radio broadcast during term time?
When did Charles Avison die?
Who was Basil Hume?
Who was the father of the modern steam railways?
Sir Joseph Swan is an inventor of what type of light bulb?
What country was Abhisit Vejjajiva?
What school did Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch attend?
Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer were born in Newcastle?
Who was Peter Higgs awarded?
What is the most characteristic musical instrument in the region?
Where were Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler, Alan Hull, Cheryl Cole and Neil Tennant living?
Where is the V&A located?
What is the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum?
What was the name of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert?
What were Queen Victoria and Prince Albert named after?
Where is the V&A located?
When was Queen Victoria and Prince Albert founded?
Who were named after?
Who sponsored the museum?
When was the entrance to the museum free?
How many acres does the V&A cover?
How many galleries does the V&A cover?
How many years of art does the collection span?
What cultures does the collection span from ancient times to present day?
What is the world's largest collection of?
When did the V&A begin?
Who was the first director of the Museum of Manufactures?
What was the V&A originally known as?
Where was the Museum of Manufactures transferred to by September?
Who produced a design for the museum?
Who opened the official opening?
When was Queen Victoria's official opening?
Who was the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection?
What were introduced in the following year?
When did the Royal College of Art achieve full independence?
When was the Britain Can Make It exhibition held?
How many visitors attended the Britain Can Make It exhibition?
What year did the success of this exhibition lead to the planning of?
What festival did the success of this exhibition lead to?
When were most of the collections returned to the museum?
What was the V&A the first museum in Britain to present in 1973?
Who presented the V&A concert/lecture?
Who was responsible for bringing young people to museums?
Gryphon explored the lineage of what genre of music?
What university is the V&A in discussion with?
What is the cost of a gallery project estimated to be in Scotland in 2015?
Where will the V&A Dundee be located?
What is the V&A Dundee intended to focus on?
How long is it planned to open?
What was the land occupied by?
What was the first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum?
Who was Cole's architect?
Where is the office and board room located?
Where is the Secretariat Wing located?
What was the name of the new galleries in the 19th century?
What style was used for this part of the museum?
Who designed the bronze doors of the museum?
Who was the architect of the north façade of the museum?
What is the name of the painting that represents the range of museums collections?
Who worked in the Green Dining Room in 1866-1968?
Who has plaster frieze around the ceiling?
Who designed the Centre Refreshment Room in a Renaissance style?
Who designed and sculpted the marble fireplace?
Who designed the Grill Room?
Who was the next architect to work at the museum with the death of Captain Francis Fowke?
What was the Henry Cole Wing?
What stone is the staircase that rises the full height of the building?
What do the V&A and Royal Institute of British Architects have?
When did the Sackler Centre for arts education open?
What was used to decorate the east side of the building?
Who designed the wrought iron gates?
Where are the Cast Courts located?
What was the final part of the museum designed by Scott?
Who designed the exterior mosaic panels in the parapet?
Who designed the main façade of Cromwell Gardens?
What type of stone is the main façade of Cromwell Gardens built from?
How tall is Cromwell Gardens?
What is an open work crown on the tower above the main entrance?
What is interspersed with statues of many of the British artists whose work is displayed in the museum?
Who sculpted Queen Victoria?
How many levels of galleries surround these façades?
Who sculpted Queen Victoria?
What is used in the entrance hall and flanking staircases?
Prince Albert appears in the main arch above the twin entrances?
Where was the first storage space for books created in 1966 and 1967?
What is the name of the wing that the museum acquired from the Royal College of Science?
What was constructed on the site of the former boiler house?
Who embellished the iron gates of the Royal College of Art?
What former boiler house was built between 1978 and 1982?
What was the name of the gallery that was redesigned in the 1990s?
What was restored in the sculpture gallery in 2006?
What is the name of the redesign of the British Galleries?
Where did the tunnel to the subway lead to?
Who designed the new Medieval and Renaissance galleries?
Who redesigned the central garden?
What was the name of the central garden opened by Kim Wilkie?
What type of water feature is lined in stone with steps around the edge?
What are steps around the edge that can be drained to use the area for?
What tree is planted in the north façade?
When did the V&A open the first permanent gallery in the UK?
Who opened the first permanent gallery in the UK?
How many drawings are there?
What collection has been transferred to the museum with the opening of the new gallery?
How many photographs are from around the world?
Who is the RIBA's largest holdings of over 330 drawings?
Who is Alick Horsnell?
How many drawings do the RIBA hold?
Who is the name of the British architect inigo Jones?
Who is the name of the British architect?
Where is the facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600?
What was the rare survivor of?
When did Sir Paul Pindar's house date?
Where was a dormer window dated 1523-35?
The main architecture gallery has a column from which building?
How many items from the Islamic world are in the V&A?
When was the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art opened?
What is the highlight of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
Where are the displays in this gallery located?
When was the Salting Bequest?
How many objects are in the Museum's collections of South and South-East Asian art?
How many textiles is the Museum's collection of South and South-East Asian art?
How many paintings is the Museum's collection of South and South-East Asian art?
When was the Jawaharlal Nehru gallery opened?
What Indian gallery contains art from about 500 BC to 19th century?
How many works of art are found in the Far Eastern collections?
How many works of art are found in the Far Eastern collections?
What gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991?
When did the T. T. Tsui Gallery open?
What dynasties date the majority of art works on display?
What Japanese art gallery opened in December 1986?
When was the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened?
What century sculpture of Amida Nyorai is one of the oldest exhibits?
When did the majority of exhibits date?
What is Suzuki Chokichi's incense burner?
From the 14th to the 19th century what is Tibetan art represented by religious images in wood and bronze?
What country has gold, silver, bronze, stone, terracotta and ivory?
What reflect the influence of India?
What is the name of the gleaming boxes made between 500 AD and 2000?
What type of ivory represents the rich and complex cultures?
Who is one of the great treasures in the library?
What are the three parchment-bound manuscripts in the Codex?
How many books did the Reverend Alexander Dyce leave to the museum in 1869?
When did the Reverend Alexander Dyce leave more than 14,000 books to the museum?
When was John Forster's books bequeathed to the museum?
Who is Beatrix Potter?
Who are writers whose papers are in the library as diverse as Charles Dickens?
When did the Eadwine Psalter date?
What was the Armagnac manuscript of?
Who illuminated the 1524 Charter?
What is the National Art Library called?
What was the name of the cataloging system used from the 1980s to the 1990s?
What is the name of the EAD used for all of the archival material at the National Art Library?
What did most of the items in the Victoria and Albert Museum not show up in the computer system?
What is a feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum web-site called?
When did a large scale digitization project begin?
What was the name of the project that referenced Andy Warhol?
Who did the Factory Project reference?
How many images were taken during the first year of the Factory Project?
What is the second step of the Factory Project?
Who purchased or commissioned the work of European artists?
Where are porcelain, cloth and wallpaper imported from?
Who is one of the designers and artists on display in the galleries?
Who is a major influence on the Gothic Revival?
What are the imports from Asia?
What caused the production of tea paraphernalia?
In the Georgian age there was what?
Who led the backlash against industrialization?
What produced Josiah Wedgwood, Matthew Boulton and Eleanor Coade?
What movement did the backlash against industrialization contribute to in the 19th century?
What is a full-scale replica of?
What is the size of the replica of Trajan's Column?
What is Michelangelo's full-size replica?
What are the casts of plaster casts in the Cast Courts in the sculpture wing?
Where is the Verrocchio replica displayed?
When was the Meissen Vulture created?
Who designed the Möllendorff Dinner Service?
When was the Möllendorff Dinner Service designed?
When was the Salting Bequest made?
What types of ceramics did the Salting Bequest enrich?
What famous potters are represented in the collection?
Where is Delftware produced?
What are the largest objects in the collection?
What centuries are the largest ceramic stoves in the collection?
Where are ceramic stoves made?
How many years is the glass collection covered?
How many items are in the glass collection?
Where is the earliest glassware on display?
Who demonstrates the Art Deco style?
Who is the earliest glassware on display?
When was the main gallery redesigned?
Who opened the sacred silver and stained-glass gallery in 2005?
When was the gallery covering contemporary glass opened?
Who is the chandelier in the museum's main entrance?
What century glass beaker is also displayed in these galleries?
How many British master works are in the collection of drawings?
How many old master works are included in the collection of drawings?
Who works by Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, Bernardo Buontalenti, Rembrandt, Antonio Verrio, Paul Sandby, John Russell, Angelica Kauffman, Hugh Douglas Hamilton, Thomas Rowlandson, William Kilburn, Thomas Girtin
Who is the author of Antonio Verrio, Paul Sandby, John Russell, Angelica Kauffman, Hugh Douglas Hamilton, William Kilburn, Thomas Girtin, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, David Wilkie, John Martin, Samuel Palmer, Samuel Palmer, Sir Edwin Henry Land
David Wilkie, John Martin, Samuel Palmer, Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, Lord Frederic Leighton, Sir Samuel Luke Fildes?
How many outfits does the costume collection contain?
Who holds costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper?
Why does everyday clothing from previous eras not generally survive?
When did the V&A receive the Talbot Hughes collection?
Who did the V&A receive the Talbot Hughes collection?
In what year did the Museum acquire the Costiff collection?
How many costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
How many Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
What collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes was acquired by the Museum in 2002?
What type of fashion does the museum continue to acquire?
What types of objects were acquired between 1859 and 1865?
When was the Soulages collection acquired?
What type of art was left to the John Jones Collection?
When was the John Jones Collection left to the museum?
How much was the John Jones Collection valued?
When did the doors date from Antwerp City Hall?
Who attributed a set of beautiful inlaid doors from Antwerp City Hall?
When was the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated?
In what country was the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated c1750?
Who are the modernists in the collection?
How many items are in the jewellery collection?
From what period did the jewellery collection date to the present day?
When was the collection of 154 gems bequeathed?
How many gems was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection?
Who funded a new jewellery gallery?
What is the display divided into?
When was the silver gilt beaker dated?
How many years ago was the main silver gallery divided into?
Who designed the Hereford Screen?
How many items are made from silver or gold in the collection?
When was the Gloucester Candlestick dated?
What is the Gloucester Candlestick made from?
What is the Becket Casket dated c1180?
When was the Becket Casket dated?
What is the relic of St Thomas Becket made from?
How many names did Chris Smith ask Parliament about the future of the collection?
Who said that the museum intended to preserve and care for the collection and keep it available to the public?
What museum and other institutions were possible candidates for loans of material to ensure that the instruments remain publicly viewable?
How many instruments does the Horniman loan?
When did the Musical Instruments gallery close?
How many British oil paintings are in the collection?
How many European oil paintings are in the collection?
How many British watercolours does the museum hold?
Who is the Raphael Cartoons?
Who painted the Spanish tempera on wood?
When did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings?
How many paintings did John Sheepshanks donate in 1857?
What did Sheepshanks do to the museum?
What was the most significant oil sketch for Constable's work?
John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings to the museum in 1857?
Where are the paintings and miniatures displayed?
What was the portrait of François Boucher dated 1758?
What was the name of the works that were part of the Jones bequest of 1882?
Who was the portrait of François Clouet?
Who photographs Animal Locomotion of 1887?
When did Eadweard Muybridge photograph Animal Locomotion?
How many plates does Eadweard Muybridge have?
What do these sequences of photographs take a fraction of a second apart capture?
What is the name of the museum that holds the museum?
The V&A is the most comprehensive holding of what type of sculpture in the world?
How many objects are in the collection?
What period did the collection cover?
How many uses of sculpture are represented?
Who owns Canova's The Three Graces?
What are Bernini's works?
What is the largest item from Italy?
Who designed the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence?
When was the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence dated?
How many works is Rodin represented by?
Rodin is one of the largest collections of what sculptor's work outside France?
When was the statue of St John the Baptist purchased?
In what war did the sculptor acknowledge Britain's support of France?
Who purchased the statue of Rodin in 1902?
What is the name of the sculptors who were based in Britain?
What is the name of the sculptor who was based in Britain?
John Gibson, Edward Hodges Baily, Lord Leighton, Alfred Stevens, Thomas Brock, Alfred Gilbert, George Frampton, and Eric Gill?
Which sculptors were based in Britain?
Who opened the sculpture galleries in 2006?
When was the chronology of Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculptures on display?
What theme are the galleries overlooking the garden arranged?
Who were the works of Dorothy and Michael Hintze?
What is the name of the museum that loaned the collection?
How many examples of textiles are in the collection?
What is the largest collection of textiles in the world?
When did the collection of textiles date?
Where is the largest collection of textiles in the world?
What is the classification of the countries of origin and date of production?
What is the oldest known surviving European tapestry?
What century were the four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries rare?
Where are the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
What are the four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven in the Netherlands?
What was the leading English tapestry manufactory in the late 17th century and early 18th century?
When was the Sicilian Tristan Quilt held?
Who designed the collection of textiles?
When was the Forest tapestry?
Who designed the art deco period?
Who designed a rug from the same period?
What was the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries formerly known as?
When did the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries open?
What is the UK's biggest collection of?
What was the name of the UK's biggest national collection of live performances?
What are the collections available for?
Who is responsible for the long-term preservation of the V&A and the V&A Museum of Childhood?
What are some activities that control the museum environment?
What is the other major category of conservation?
What museum holds all the collections held by the V&A?
What is conservation covered by conservator's work?
The American Broadcasting Company is a subsidiary of what company?
When was the American Broadcasting Company stylized as abc?
Where is the network headquartered?
Where is the network headquartered?
The American Broadcasting Company is a subsidiary of what division of The Walt Disney Company?
When was ABC first launched?
What was ABC's name?
When did CBS extend its operations to television?
What cable sports channel did Capital Cities Communications acquire in the 1980s?
Who owned several print publications and radio stations?
How many affiliated television stations does the television network have?
Who purchased ABC Radio properties in 2007?
How many owned-and-operated television stations does the television network have?
Who allows pay television providers to replace an American station's signal with the feed of a Canadian broadcaster?
Who purchased ABC Radio properties in 2007?
Which company owned two radio networks that each ran different varieties of programming?
What two radio networks were owned by Radio Corporation of America?
What cities did NBC Red serve?
What was the primary purpose of the NBC Blue Network?
Which radio networks were owned by Radio Corporation of America?
Who filed a complaint with the Federal Communications Commission in 1934?
When did the FCC begin investigations into the practices of radio networks?
When did the FCC publish its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs?
What was the principal radio network in the United States?
What type of NBC did the report recommend that RCA give up control of?
Who did RCA give the mandate to sell NBC Blue?
What did RCA convert to an independent subsidiary?
Which investment firm offered $7.5 million to purchase the network?
Who rejected the offer to buy Read & Co.?
How much did Dillon, Read & Co. offer to purchase the network?
What is the name of Edward John Noble?
When did the Commission authorize the transaction?
Who acquired the rights to the "American Broadcasting Company" name?
What position did Woods hold until December 1949?
When did Woods leave ABC?
What tape recorder did ABC use to pre-record its programming?
Who conducted NBC Blue's symphony performances?
Who became an aggressive competitor to NBC and CBS?
Who did NBC and CBS not allow pre-taped shows?
What was NBC Blue's tradition of?
How much did Disney sell its 33% stake in Eurosport in June 2000?
What was the name of the free-to-air channel that was launched in 2004?
When did Disney announce that it would discontinue ABC1?
What company did ABC1 try to develop in October?
Where is ABC broadcast?
When was the rerun of ABC Films completed?
What did ABC end the need for to hold interests in other countries?
Where was ABC forced to sell all of its interests in the 1970s?
What did many governments want to strengthen?
What did Leonard Goldenson say ABC broadcast in June 1953?
Where did Goldenson invest in broadcasting properties in the mid-1960s?
What network did Goldenson acquire in 1951?
Why were CBS and NBC unable to cover the coronation?
Why did CBS and NBC not cover the coronation live?
What television specials have ABC owned since 2000?
What awards are rotated across all four major networks on a year-to-year basis?
When did CBS start the Peanuts specials?
What is ABC currently holding the broadcast rights to?
What other Peanuts specials are broadcast annually by ABC?
When did ABC broadcast Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve?
Who aired Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve?
When was the Miss America pageant aired?
Where was Clark's Rockin' Eve aired?
What channel assumed the rights of the Miss America pageant in 2006?
What is the longest-running entertainment program in the history of the ABC television network?
When did ABC broadcast Good Morning America?
What is the name of the soap ABC aired in the last nine years?
What talk shows are on ABC's daytime schedule?
When did General Hospital air?
What type of events does ABC carry?
When did ESPN take over responsibilities for ABC's sports division?
When is sports programming available?
ABC airs what kind of games on Sundays?
What tennis tournaments does ABC produce highlight compilation programs?
Who thought that the low-band VHF frequencies would be requisitioned from broadcasting use and reallocated for the U.S. Army?
How many low-band VHF frequencies did Frank Marx think would be requisitioned from broadcasting use and reallocated for the U.S. Army?
When did ABC submit five applications for television station licenses?
What channel did Frank Marx think would be requisitioned from broadcasting use and reallocated for the U.S. Army?
How many television stations were there in the United States before the freeze ended in 1952?
How many of ABC's competing networks did CBS and NBC have less coverage?
What was ABC's third rival at the time?
What two competing networks did ABC have less coverage than in 1949?
Who forced United Paramount Theatres to become an independent entity?
What was United Paramount Theatres separated from?
How many full-time affiliates did ABC have?
Who sold the network in 1951?
Who obtained the loan from Noble?
Who approached Noble in 1951 on a proposal for UPT to purchase ABC?
Who was the founder of CBS?
On what date was the tentative agreement approved by UPT's board of directors?
When did the FCC announce the end of its freeze on new station license applications?
When did the FCC approve UPT's purchase of ABC?
What is the name of the merged company?
Where is American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres headquartered?
When did WJZ-TV sign on the air?
When did the FCC freeze new station applications?
Where was KECA-TV located?
What would ABC do to convert 20 acres of land in Hollywood into?
When was The Flintstones premiered?
What decade was marked by the rise of family-oriented series?
Who filmed The Flintstones?
What decade was marked by the rise of family-oriented series?
When did Walt Disney Productions purchase ABC's shares in the Disneyland theme park?
Who approached Walt Disney to produce color broadcasts of his anthology series?
When was Walt Disney Presents due to expire?
When did ABC resume its relationship with Disney?
What was the name of the web-based promotional campaign that ABC launched in 2000?
Who did the network hire to design and produce its 2001-02 identity?
What color did the Troika Design Group use?
What was ABC's circle logo called?
Who designed the "ABC Circle" logo?
When is ABC stopped with its 1998-2002 four-note jingles?
What was the name of the new four-note theme tune?
When is the old four-note theme tune still used?
When did the ABC logo first appear as a on-screen bug?
When did the ABC logo first appear?
When did ID sequences appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background?
What slogan did ID sequences appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background?
What year was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance?
What color was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance?
What type of letters did the "ABC Circle" logo have?
Who redesigned the ABC logo in 1962?
What typeface was designed by Herbert Bayer in the 1920s?
Who designed the Bauhaus typeface in the 1920s?
When did the new logo debut on-air for ABC's promos?
What was Disney-ABC considering a sale of in 2005?
When did ABC announce the restructuring of the group?
How many divisions did ABC restructure on October 19, 2005?
In what year did ABC's average viewership decline by ten ratings points?
What new series did ABC see success in the 2004-05 season?
Who was named president of ABC parent Disney-ABC Television Group?
ABC Sports and ESPN signed an eight-year broadcast rights agreement with whom?
When did Networks affiliates approve a two-year affiliate agreement?
Who outlined a proposed realignment of the ABC broadcast network day parts in September?
What was the name of the first hit reality series that was released in 2002?
What was the name of the first hit reality series that was released in 2002?
Who removed ABC owned-and-operated stations from the cable provider's systems?
What company removed ABC owned-and-operated stations from the cable provider's systems?
What company removed ABC owned-and-operated stations from the cable provider's systems?
When did Time Warner Cable end the 2000-01 season?
In what year did ABC enter the s of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Where did Sabrina, the Teenage Witch move to in 2000?
What was the name of the company that lost Family Matters and Step by Step to?
When did ABC premiere a special series event?
Who was the host of Millionaire?
Who relaunched Millionaire's show as a syndicated program in September of that year?
Who was Buena Vista's original host?
When did The Walt Disney Company announce an agreement to merge with Capital Cities/ABC?
What was the name of Disney's new subsidiary?
Who sold the four newspapers that ABC controlled under Capital Cities?
Who did Thomas S. Murphy leave ABC?
What was the name of the show that ABC premiered in 1998?
When did color become the dominant format for the three broadcast television networks?
What place did ABC remain in?
What book did Goldenson write in 1991?
When did ABC's New York City flagship stations change their callsigns to WABC, WABC-FM and WABC-TV?
Where did ABC's flagship stations move their operations to?
Where would the WJZ calls later be reassigned to?
Who was the president of ABC in 1950?
Who did Goldenson propose a merger between UPT and in 1954?
What network would have been renamed as part of the merger?
How much cash would DuMont have received?
Who was UPT a subsidiary of?
What was the name of ABC's flagship productions at the time?
What were ABC's flagship productions at the time?
Which film was adapted from the 1947 film Wyoming Kid?
What is the remake of The Boy from Oklahoma?
Who was the most iconic of ABC's relationships with Hollywood producers?
What is the name of the wheel series produced by Warner?
Who contacted Goldenson for ABC to finance part of the Disneyland project?
How much money did ABC want to invest?
When did ABC agree to finance Disneyland?
What project did Walt Disney and his brother Roy finance?
Who spearheaded the special programming project for ABC Radio?
Who approached Allen Shaw to develop a format to compete with the new progressive rock and DJ-helmed stations?
What was the name of the new concept that featured limited selection of music genres?
How many owned-and-operated FM stations was LOVE Radio launched?
When did ABC launch the Movie of the Week?
What was the name of Steven Spielberg's 1971 film?
In what year did The Movie of the Week premiere his film Duel?
What was the average budget of The Movie of the Week?
In what decade did ABC complete its transition to color?
In the early 1970s, what company completed its transition to color?
What data did it use to better determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising slots to?
What was ABC's first game of the week?
When did Sunday Night Football become the national football league's premier game of the week?
Where did MNF move to in 2006?
How much did Monday Night Football earn ABC's audience share?
When did the FCC vote to pass the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
When did the new rules result in the decision to split ABC Films into two separate companies?
What company would produce and distribute programming for U.S. syndication?
What did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act ban?
When did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act take effect?
Who sold ABC Great States?
Who was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC on January 17, 1972?
When did Michael Eisner join ABC?
What series was Eisner's main credit for developing youth-oriented programming?
What was Eisner's main credit at ABC?
Eisner left ABC in 1976 to become president of what company?
Who became the first president and director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
Who was the first president and director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
What detective series did ABC premiere in 1974?
When did Good Morning America debut?
Who did Silverman leave ABC in 1978?
What series did Happy Days debut in 1976?
What was Charlie's Angels and Three's Company known as?
Who wrote Roots?
Who produced The Love Boat?
How long did The Love Boat last?
When did Roots, Happy Days and The Love Boat take first place in ratings?
What soap opera parody became known for being the first television series to feature an openly gay main character?
Who was named president of the new ABC News in 1977?
Who was Roone Arledge president of in 1977?
What is the name of the building that was built in its place?
When were both buildings completed?
When did Arledge create the 20/20 newsmagazine?
Who was the anchor of the 20/20 newsmagazine?
Who was Hugh Downs' anchor?
Who sold ABC's recording division to in 1979?
What news channel did ABC propose to launch in 1995?
What was the name of the 24-hour news channel that ABC would reattempt in 2004?
What was the name of the affiliate ABC purchased from?
What company was previously affiliated with ABC from 1958 to 1970?
Who halted production of network programs for much of the 2007-08 season?
What game show premiered in December 2007?
Who denied rumors that Disney would sell the ten ABC owned-and-operated stations?
What division did Disney-ABC Television Group merged into?
What division would be responsible for its production and broadcasting operations?
What did Citadel Communications rebrand ABC Radio as on April 2, 2009?
What is the name of the company that made ABC and Disney Channel episodes available for purchase?
When did the network start running into some trouble?
In what year did Lost's final season become the lowest-rated season?
When was Ugly Betty moved to?
When did Ugly Betty move ratings to?
When did the FCC impose its fin-syn rules?
What was the name of the two companies that were created by the FCC?
What was the name of the production company that was created by the FCC?
Who sold portions of Worldvision's catalog to?
Which company handles domestic television distribution?
What is the name of Disney-ABC Domestic Television?
What is the name of Disney-ABC International Television?
What library is part of the Selmur Productions catalog?
What are the first two affiliated stations to carry ABC's programming?
How many owned-and-operated stations did ABC have as of March 2015?
How many additional television stations does ABC have affiliation agreements with?
How much of all households in the United States are connected to the network?
When was the first logo of the network introduced?
What was the name of the new logo based on when the ABC-UPT merger was finalized?
When did the ABC logo begin its first color broadcasts?
When was Supernanny cancelled?
What was the only remaining program on Supernanny's schedule that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition?
In what format has all of the network's programming been presented?
What was the first children's program block on any U.S. broadcast network?
What is ABC's master feed transmitted in?
How long does Hearst Television's programming last?
How many other affiliates of Hearst Television carry the network feed in 480i standard definition?
What is ABC's master feed transmitted in?
What is the only forensic investigation drama that was renewed for a second season?
What was the second season of the network's first season?
What would ABC outrate for third place?
What was the previous year's only drama renewal?
What two long-running soap operas did ABC cancel on April 14, 2011?
Where did ABC sell the rights to all My Children and One Life to Live?
Prospect Park revived the soaps on what city in 2013?
What was the name of the talk/lifestyle show that replaced One Life to Live?
What demographic did ABC drop to fourth place in the 2011-12 season?
When did NBC finish the season in first place?
Who was NBC in second place in viewership?
What is the name of the three new hits in The Goldbergs?
What were the cancellations of holdovers for the 2013-14 season?
What two family sitcoms anchored the network's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup?
What reality format was Shark Tank based on?
When did Shark Tank become a midseason sleeper hit?
What is the name of the sitcom that starred in Last Man Standing?
Who departed from Capital Cities/ABC in 1994?
Who took over as president before ceding control to Robert Iger?
What is a gritty police procedural from Steven Bochco?
Who created Doogie Howser, M.D. and the critically pilloried Cop Rock?
How long did NYPD Blue last?
When did the FCC repeal the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
What French animation studio did Capital Cities/ABC purchase in the same year?
What company did Capital Cities/ABC sign an agreement with to carry its owned-and-operated television stations in ABC O&O markets?
What was ABC's total viewership share?
What radio station had shared airtime with WENR since the 1920s?
On what date did WLS launch a new lineup of ABC radio programming?
Who was trying to establish a television station in Toronto?
Leonard Goldenson agreed to acquire a 25% interest in what company?
What anthology series was produced by Edgar Scherick?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
Who produced Wide World of Sports?
What company created Wide World of Sports?
What was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres renamed in 1965?
What was a pioneer series in its genre?
What game featured three newly married couples who guessed the responses to their partner's questions?
Where is the 44 story building located?
How much of all prime-time television viewership did ABC represent by 1980?
What was the name of the opulent drama from Aaron Spelling?
What other spinoff did the network gain new hits in the 1980's?
What was the name of the cable channel that ABC launched in 1981?
Who sold KXYZ to in 1983?
How much of ABC's shares did ESPN buy in 1984?
What arts service did ABC and Hearst merge into a single cable channel?
What cable channel did ABC and Hearst merge ARTS and The Entertainment Channel into?
Who did Thomas S. Murphy delegate his position as president to in 1990?
Who did Thomas S. Murphy remain?
How much did Capital Cities/ABC report revenues?
What is the longest-running prime time entertainment program in the network's history?
What is a sitcom starring Tim Allen?
What is the name of the soap opera?
What are the talk/lifestyle shows in Eastern/Pacific?
When is Good Morning America broadcast?
What is the name of the weeknight talk show?
What are the only U.S. states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate?
What is Birmingham, Alabama?
What is South Bend, Indiana?
What is the name of ABC's affiliation with low-power stations?
Who produced the Touchstone Television series in 1962?
What was Touchstone reorganized as in February 2007?
What is the name of the two main production facilities that ABC has had since the 1950s?
Where is the ABC Television Center located?
Where does ABC own the 42nd Street Project?
What two stations are broadcast from this particular facility?
What was the name of the block of West End Avenue in 2006?
What ABC News anchor was renamed Peter Jennings Way?
What is a traditional VOD service called for delayed viewing of the network's programming?
What is the Walt Disney Company a part-owner of?
When was the streaming service available for viewing on Hulu's website and mobile app?
How much ownership did Disney acquire in Hulu?
When are the most recent episodes of WATCH ABC available?
How many days after the broadcast of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu and WATCH ABC?
What does ABC on Demand disallow?
When did Disney-ABC Television Group restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program?
Who overhauled ABC's identity?
How many variants is the logo displayed on-air, online and in print advertising?
What custom typeface was created for advertising and promotional materials?
What is a red version used for?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have?
What act mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning?
What did the All-Channel Receiver Act mandate?
Where was WKST-TV located?
How much lower was the viewership of an hour of ABC programming?
What radio station was allowed to begin airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel in Wheeling, West Virginia?
When did some small markets have to wait for a full-time ABC affiliate until the 1960s?
What was the name of the Disneyland anthology series renamed on September 3, 1958?
Who pitched The Untouchables to CBS in 1958?
Why did Desilu Productions reject The Untouchables?
When did The Untouchables debut?
What was the name of the movie that aired on CBS and NBC in 1962?
What was ABC's total revenue?
Which animated series did The Jetsons debut on September 23, 1962?
What is the name of the animated series from Hanna-Barbera?
When did the soap opera General Hospital debut?
What company did Goldenson announce a merger proposal with on December 7, 1965?
Who was the head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice?
Who was Donald F. Turner's antitrust regulator?
When was the merger officially canceled?
Who was Thomas S. Murphy's chief executive officer?
How much did Capital Cities purchase ABC and its related properties?
Who loaned the remaining $500 million to Berkshire Hathaway?
What company did ABC and Capital Cities sell WFTS-TV to?
How many television stations did the FCC allow broadcasters to own?
When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities get federal approval?
What was ABC's name after the merger?
Who was Frederick S. Pierce named?
Who became vice president of ABC Broadcasting?
Who became president of ABC News and ABC Sports?
What show ended its run in 1983?
What company ended its run in 1984?
Who regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984?
What show ended its run in 1986?
What kind of series did ABC focus on beginning in the mid-1980s?
What was ABC's 1989 debut?
What was the name of the "TGIF" block?
Who produced Happy Days?
What is Miller-Boyett Productions?
How many radio stations did ABC own in 1968?
What was the name of Ralph Nelson's first picture?
Who directed the first picture of ABC Pictures?
When was ABC Motion Pictures dissolved?
Where was ABC Marine World opened in 1968?
What genres of programming did the ABC network meet the expectations of the public?
How much increase in advertising revenues did NBC have between 1953 and 1958?
What was the national reach of the network between 1953 and 1958?
Who was ABC Entertainment president in 1957?
Who was the host of the show Bandstand?
What was ABC's philosophy?
What actioner did ABC's western series go up against?
Who criticized the public enthusiasm and sponsorship for these types of shows at the expense of news programming and denounced an unofficial law "replacing the good programs with the bad ones"?
What type of shows did ABC's western series do in the fall of 1959?
What is the name of the service that ABC launched in May 2013?
What were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on the service?
What ABC affiliates have a deal to offer streams on the service?
What service originated the "WATCH" brand used by Disney's television networks?
What is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total?
What is the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size?
Which company is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach?
How many ABC affiliates does the Sinclair Broadcast Group own?
How many ABC-affiliated stations does Scripps Company own?
What is the name of the new imaging campaign for the 2007-08 season?
Who developed the on-air design?
What division were red ribbons used to represent?
What was the name of the blue ribbon used for?
Which affiliates serve the same market in Tampa, Florida?
What are the affiliates that serve the same market in Kansas City, Missouri?
What are the affiliates in Grand Rapids, Michigan?
What was Tampa's primary ABC affiliate prior to 1994?
Who founded the Mongol Empire?
How many nomadic tribes did He unite?
Where were the civilians often massacred?
By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied what parts of Central Asia and China?
What dynasties were raids or invasions?
Who was Genghis Khan's successor?
When did Xia die?
Who defeated him in 1227?
Who split his empire into khanates?
Where was he buried?
Where was Temüjin born?
Who was the second-oldest son of his father?
When was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin named after?
What sister was Temüjin's sister named?
What were Temüjin's brothers named?
Who was a member of the tribe Khongirad?
What tribe was Börte a member of?
Who was Temüjin to live in?
Who was Temujin's half-brother?
Who lived in poverty for the next several years?
Who killed Begter during a hunting excursion?
When did Temujin's resentment erup?
Who was the former prisoner of his father's former allies?
What was Temüjin enslaved by the Tayichi'ud?
Who became a general of Genghis Khan?
Who were Genghis Khan's future generals?
Where did the Tayichi'ud hide in the middle of the night?
What was often used to solidify temporary alliances?
Who taught Temüjin lessons about Mongolia's political climate?
What foreign forces interfered with Temüjin's political climate?
What did Hoelun teach Temüjin about?
What tribe did Temüjin marry Börte?
Who kidnapped Börte?
Who was Temüjin's friend and rival?
Who gave birth to her son?
When did Jochi give birth?
How many sons did Börte have?
What son did Börte have?
How many sons did Börte have?
What son did Börte have?
How many daughters are known?
What did Temüjin offer himself as an ally to his father's anda?
Who was Khan of the Keraites?
Who was Toghrul?
How many Keraite warriors did Temüjin offer to Toghrul?
Who was Temüjin's childhood friend?
What did Jamukha support?
Who proclamated that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Temüjin?
When was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?
In what battle did Temüjin defeat his followers?
Who was Toghrul exiled to?
What was Temüjin's rule of law?
What did Temüjin promise civilians and soldiers?
Who would his mother adopt?
Under what protection did he take the conquered tribe?
Who was Temüjin's eldest son?
Who opposed Temüjin's forces?
Who opposed Temüjin's forces?
Which tribe was a catalyst for the fall and eventual dissolution of?
What was the next direct threat to Temüjin?
When did a khuruldai elect Jamukha as Gür Khan?
What title did khuruldai choose Jamukha?
Who was Jelme's younger brother?
When was Jamukha finally surrendered to Temüjin?
What did Temüjin offer Jamukha?
What did Temüjin say he did not want disloyal men in Jamukha?
What did Jamukha ask for?
What gives the custom to die without spilling blood?
Who did he encounter assassination warfare?
Who wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes?
What shaman was trying to drive a wedge between him and his loyal brother?
What type of system did Yam use?
Who was Jamukha's ally?
When did Temüjin manage to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs?
What council of Mongol chiefs was Temüjin acknowledged as "Khan" of the consolidated tribes?
Who was given the title after Genghis' death?
Who was Khagan's son and successor after his death?
What was the name of the Khuruldai?
What did Genghis Khan plan to conquer after the conquest of Western Xia?
What messenger did the Jin commander send to the Mongol side?
When did Genghis besieged, captured, and sacked the Jin capital of Zhongdu?
Where did the Emperor Xuanzong move his capital south?
Who was Kaifeng's third son?
Who was the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation that Temüjin defeated?
What dynasty was the Western Liao originally established as remnants of?
How many soldiers did Genghis send against Kuchlug?
Who was Kuchlug's younger general?
What is Jebe's name?
What did the invading Mongols resort to?
Where was Kuchlug's army defeated?
What river bordered the Khwarezmia?
What was the Khwarezmia?
What was the Khwarezmia?
Who ruled the Khwarazmian dynasty?
Who was the governor of the Khwarezmian city of Otrar?
What Muslim was beheaded by the Shah?
How many soldiers did Genghis Khan organize?
Where did Genghis Khan see the potential advantage in Khwarezmia as a commercial trading partner?
What mountains did the Mongol army cross?
How many groups was Genghis Khan divided into?
What part of Khwarzemia did Jebe march secretly to?
Who attacked Khwarzemia?
What was the name of the first division under Jebe?
What was decisive in Khwarezmia's defeats?
What town was quickly seized by the Mongol army?
What did Genghis Khan molten into his ears and eyes?
When did the Shah flee?
Who did Genghis Khan order to hunt him down?
What capital fell after the rest of the Khwarezmid Empire moved to Bukhara?
Where was the capital Samarkand moved?
How did Genghis Khan divert through the Khwarezmid emperor's birthplace?
What were the body shields used by the Mongols to attack Samarkand?
What did Genghis do after the fortress fell?
What was raised as a symbol of victory?
What did the city leaders open to the Mongols?
What group held the city's citadel for another twelve days?
Who were sent back to Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan say he was sent to punish them for their sins?
Who were drafted into the Mongolian army?
When did the Khwarezmian Empire defeat the Khwarezmian Empire?
Who suggested that the Mongol army was split into two forces?
Where did the Mongols overwine the kingdom of Georgia?
Where did Subutai's forces defeat Kiev?
Who led the 80,000 Kievan Rus troops?
Who was Genghis Khan's grandson?
Which Mongols conquered Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus?
Who led the cavalry expedition?
In what year did Mongolia return to Mongolia?
On what road did Jebe die?
When did Genghis Khan begin a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts?
When did Xiliang-fu take place?
Who was defeated in a battle near the Helan Mountains?
What river did Genghis cross in November?
What did Genghis Khan see in the sky?
Where did Genghis Khan attack and destroy the Tangut capital?
Who led charges against the invaders outside the city gate?
What wounds did Ma Jianlong die from?
Where did Genghis Khan go after conquering Deshun?
What did Genghis Khan order the entire imperial family to be executed?
Who was Genghis' oldest son?
Who voiced the issue over Jochi's paternity?
When did Genghis Khan invade the Khwarezmid Empire?
Who was appointed as successor?
Who were Genghis Khan's sons?
Who was the son of Genghis Khan?
Who was Genghis Khan's youngest son?
Who gave the throne to Genghis Khan?
When did Jochi die?
Where did Jochi stay while his brothers heeded the order?
Jochi and his brothers were in the siege of what?
Who did I make an alliance with if I killed my father when he is hunting?
In what year was Muhammad killed?
What city was the capital of Western Xia?
What is the cause of the death of the Western Xia?
Marco Polo wrote that he died after the infection of what wound?
Where did Genghis Khan die?
Who did Mongol authors believe the princess hid a small dagger and stabbed him?
What did Genghis Khan ask to be buried before his death?
Where was his body presumably returned to Mongolia?
Where is Khentii Aimag buried?
What is the name of the Mausoleum built many years after his death?
What is the mongolian name for the 'Lord's Enclosure'?
What Buddhist monastery was taken to safety in Yan'an?
What monastery did the Nationalists move to?
When were Genghis Khan's bier and relics returned to the Lord's Enclosure?
Who destroyed almost everything of value during the Cultural Revolution?
On what date was Genghis Khan's palace discovered?
What river was diverted over the grave of the Sumerian King Gilgamesh?
Who did Folklore say a river was diverted over his grave to make it impossible to find?
Who stamped his grave over?
Who created the Yassa?
What code was created by Genghis Khan?
What did the Mongol Empire adopt?
Who was the exception to the role of?
Who was a member of the Mongol Empire?
What exemptions were there for religious figures?
Who converted to Nestorian Christianity?
What did the Mongol tradition hold that religion was not subject to law or interference?
What were the Mongol tribes?
Who was briefly in charge of the Mongol Empire?
What does modern scholars refer to the policy of encouraging trade and communication as?
What are sedentary peoples referred to as?
What would have been established by the Great Yassa?
Who was captured by the Mongol army after the Jin dynasty was defeated?
Why did he realize that such administrators could not be found among his Mongol people?
What was the name of the Khitan prince who worked for?
Who was Chu'Tsai a lineal descendant of?
Who were Muqali, Jebe and Subutai?
What was the capital of the Mongol Empire?
Who did Genghis Khan put absolute trust in his generals?
Who were allowed to pursue the Great Raid into the Caucasus and Kievan Rus?
What did Genghis Khan expect from his generals?
How many rivers did the Mongol military divert resources for cities and towns?
What type of engines did the Mongol military use to aid the cavalry in capturing cities?
What tactic did the Mongol military use to break enemy formations?
What did the Mongol military take enemy prisoners?
Where did the Mongol Empire stretch from the Caspian Sea to?
Where did the Mongol Empire stretch from to the Sea of Japan?
Who was Genghis' successor?
When did the war begin?
What is Genghis Khan credited with bringing under one cohesive political environment?
Where is Genghis Khan seen as a great military leader?
What did historians say Genghis Khan instituted certain levels of meritocracy in his rule?
How did communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia increase?
In what decade did Genghis Khan remember the Mongolian national identity?
What is Mongolia's role in?
What is the name of the Mongolians who refer to their country as?
What is a chasm in the perception of?
What do Mongolians believe the historical records written by non-Mongolians are against Genghis Khan?
What is the largest denomination of Mongolian?
Who's name and likeness are endorsed on products, streets, buildings, and other places?
What is Mongolia's main international airport in Ulaanbaatar named?
What has been discussed about regulating the use of his name and image?
Where is Chinggis Khaan International Airport located?
Who created the first written Mongolian law?
What were some of the illegal matters that Ikh Zasag law had to punish very heavily?
Who was the Mongolian president?
What type of script is Ikh Zasag given credit for?
Where is Genghis Khan located?
How many Mongols live in the Inner Mongolia region?
Who established the Yuan dynasty that is often credited with re-uniting China?
What dynasty is often credited with re-uniting China?
Who established the Yuan dynasty that is often credited with re-uniting China?
In what country is Genghis Khan widely condemned as a destructive and genocidal warlord?
How many people were killed in the Iranian Plateau?
How many people were killed by the Mongol violence?
Who destroyed much of Iran's northern part?
Who halted Hulagu Khan's forces?
Who was Hulagu's descendant?
When did Batu Khan launch an invasion into Kievan Rus?
Which cities were destroyed and annihilated by the Mongols over the course of three years?
Who were proud descendants of Genghis Khan?
Which Mughal emperors were proud descendants of Genghis Khan?
Which country was the most famous Muslim emperor?
What is a palatalised version of the word "ocean", "oceanic" or "wide-spreading"?
What lake was called tenggis by the Mongols?
What does Zhèng mean?
Who would have received the Mongolian adjectival modifier -s?
What pronunciation would have closely matched the 13th century Mongolian pronunciation?
What is the Mongolian name for Genghis Khan?
Who is Chéngjs Hán?
What is pinyin?
What are Chinese: ; pinyin?
What is the pinyin of Genghis Khan?
What was a term used since the 15th–17th centuries?
What did a retail shop sell?
What is the origin of Greek roots from pharmakos?
What would the term apothecary be seen as in English?
What other herbs did the pharmas use?
Who are pharmacists?
What do pharmacists do to their patients through the quality use of medicines?
What do pharmacists play an important role in?
Pharmacists may also be what?
What type of training do pharmacists have?
Who manages a Pharmacy Technician in the UK?
What register does a pharmacy technician once qualified have to register as a professional?
Who is the GPhC?
What is a Pharmacy Technician in the UK considered?
What is the responsibility of a PhT in the UK?
What is Pedanius Dioscorides famous for?
What Latin translation was used as a basis for medieval texts?
What term was coined by the title?
What was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants?
Who built De Materia Medica?
What were the men who fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists in Japan?
In what code was the place of pharmacists in society expressly defined?
Where were Ranked positions established?
What were pharmacist assistants assigned in a highly stable hierarchy?
Who was the pharmacist in the Imperial household?
What did the advances in the Middle East lead medicine in medieval Islam to develop pharmacology?
Who acted to promote medical use of chemical compounds?
Who pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation?
Who's contributions in the field are pioneering?
What did he distinguish between?
When was Dubrovnik opened?
Where is the oldest church in Florence?
What is the name of the church of Santa Maria Novella?
What does the medieval Esteve Pharmacy keep?
When was the oldest church in Santa Maria Novella set up?
What is the dispensary subject to in most countries?
What did pharmacists stay in the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications?
Pharmacy technicians are now more dependent on what to assist them in their new role?
Pharmacy technicians are more dependent on automation to assist them in their new role dealing with what?
What are prescriptions for the dispensary in most countries?
What do pharmacists gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
What do pharmacists specialize in?
Because of the complexity of medications including specific indications, what is a major factor in the safety of medications?
Who gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
Where can hospital pharmacies often be found?
What are most hospital medications?
What have hospitals decided to outsource to companies who specialize in compounding?
What makes it imperative that hospital pharmacies perform at the highest level possible?
What type of medications do hospitals usually stock?
What does pharmacists provide direct patient care services?
Where did the clinical pharmacy movement begin?
What do pharmacists often collaborate with to improve pharmaceutical care?
What do patients often participate in?
Where do clinical pharmacists care for patients?
What is the role of the pharmacist?
What does the review process often involve?
What does the review process often involve an evaluation of the appropriateness of the drug therapy?
What must the pharmacist monitor for?
What does ambulatory care pharmacists receive in the U.S. federal health care system?
Where are pharmacist clinicians given collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority?
In what year did the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approve ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification?
What is the official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam?
What other federal health care system is ambulatory care pharmacists given full independent prescribing authority?
What does a consultant pharmacy practice focus more on?
Where do pharmacists typically work?
What are the major pharmacy management companies in the United States?
Why do pharmacists begin to work directly with patients?
What do some community pharmacies do?
When was the Internet pharmacie established?
What are many of these pharmacies operated by?
What are Internet pharmacies also known as?
What might a customer overhear about in a drugstore?
What is the primary difference between medications and medications?
What did many customers order drugs from?
Who criticized the practice as potentially dangerous?
What has been reported about pharmacies?
What do some Internet pharmacies sell without requiring a prescription?
What type of drugs do most Internet pharmacies require?
What is a particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
In the United States, what must a prescription for a controlled substance be issued for a legitimate medical purpose?
What is a particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
In the United States, what must a prescription for a controlled substance be issued for a legitimate medical purpose?
What does the filling pharmacy have to do to ensure that the prescription is valid?
What defines a valid patient-doctor relationship?
What is the name of the substance that can be obtained via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor/practitioner?
What does the US want to legalize imports of medications from Canada and other countries?
What country has a push to legalize imports of medications?
What is enforcement generally targeted at?
What is the case of any U.S. citizen buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription?
What has been a push in the US to legalize imports of medications from Canada and other countries?
Pharmacy informatics is the combination of what?
Pharmacy informaticists work in what departments?
What are the needs of pharmacy informatics?
What are pharmacists trained to participate in?
What is pharmacy informatics growing to meet the needs of major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals?
What pharmacies carry novel medications that need to be properly stored, administered, monitored and clinically managed?
How many of the FDA approved medications in 2013 were specialty drugs?
What are some of the chronic diseases that are used by specialty pharmacies?
What type of medications do specialty pharmacies carry?
What do specialty pharmacies provide?
What are pharmacists regulated in most jurisdictions?
Who can supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public?
What code of ethics provides that physicians may dispense drugs within their office practices as long as there is no patient exploitation and patients have the right to a written prescription that can be filled elsewhere?
What percentage of American physicians reportedly dispense drugs on their own?
What can pharmacists do?
Where is the nearest pharmacy more than 4 kilometers away?
Where are dispensing physicians allowed to prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines to their patients?
What is the minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy?
What is the nearest pharmacy in Austria?
What is the reason for the majority rule?
What does the physician have a financial self-interest in diagnosing as many conditions as possible?
What system is similar to the checks and balances system of the U.S. and many other governments?
What does the physician have a financial self-interest in diagnosing as many conditions as possible?
Self-interest directly conflicts with the patient's interest in obtaining cost-effective medication and avoiding unnecessary use of medication that may have side-effects?
What are pharmacists expected to become more integral in the health care system in the coming decades?
What are pharmacists expected to be compensated for?
What does Medication Therapy Management include?
What is one of the services that include the analysis of all medication currently being taken by an individual?
What is the result of a reconciliation of medication and patient education?
What provinces have limited prescribing rights?
Who does pharmacists in Australia receive remuneration for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews?
For what is the government paid for?
What has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy in the US?
What degree is required before entering practice?
What are the two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries?
What was also used until the early 20th century?
Where is the Bowl of Hygieia often used?
Where is a red stylized letter A found?
Where is the green Greek cross found?
What is the immune system?
What must an immune system detect to function properly?
What subsystems can the immune system be classified into?
What protects the brain?
The immune system is a system of what?
What types of agents must an immune system detect?
What subsystem can the immune system be classified into?
What does the immune system protect against?
What are viruses and parasitic worms known as?
What protects the brain?
What separates the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system?
What are viruses and parasitic worms known as?
What subsystem can the immune system be classified into?
What type of immunity can the immune system be classified into subsystems?
What protects the brain?
How can pathogens quickly evolve and adapt?
What is a rudimentary immune system?
What ancient eukaryotes evolved?
What does Adaptive immunity create after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
What type of infections do enzymes protect against?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What is the basis of acquired immunity?
What creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
What can a disorder of the immune system result in?
What happens when the immune system is less active than normal?
What happens when the immune system is less active than normal?
What type of disease can immunodeficiency be caused by?
What type of arthritis is commonly associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
What occurs when the immune system is less active than normal?
What resulted from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms?
What covers the study of all aspects of the immune system?
What are acquired conditions that can cause immunodeficiency?
When did the earliest known reference to immunity occur?
What type of venom did Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis experiment with?
Who exploited this and other observations of acquired immunity in his development of vaccination and his proposed germ theory of disease?
Who discovered the yellow fever virus?
Who was the author of what film?
What were confirmed as the cause of infectious disease?
What virus was discovered by Walter Reed?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
What is the name of an improved response after the pathogen has been eliminated?
What provides an immediate, but non-specific response if a pathogen breaches these barriers?
What is activated by the innate response?
What are found in all plants and animals?
What is activated by the innate response?
What is the name of an improved response after the pathogen has been eliminated?
What prevents bacteria and viruses from entering the organism?
What molecules depend on the immune system's ability to distinguish between?
What is the immune system able to distinguish between?
What is the immune system able to distinguish between?
What are non-self molecules called?
Antigens are substances that bind to what?
What receptor recognizes components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms?
What organism encounters the cells and mechanisms of?
What is the innate response triggered when microbes are identified by pattern recognition receptors?
What are innate immune defenses?
The waxy cuticle of many leaves, what type of insect, shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin are examples of mechanical barriers that are first line of defense against infection?
What is the first line of defense against infection?
What mechanically ejects pathogens and other irritants from the respiratory tract?
What secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract helps trap and entangle microorganisms?
What is the flushing action of?
What antimicrobial peptide secretes the skin and respiratory tract?
What enzymes in saliva, tears, and breast milk are also antibacterial?
What do semen contain to kill pathogens?
What serve as powerful chemical defenses against ingested pathogens?
What chemical barrier does vaginal secretions serve as?
What serves as biological barriers in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts?
What do antibiotics do not affect?
What type of probiotic flora is found in yogurt?
What are the conditions in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts changing?
What is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection?
What causes redness, swelling, heat and pain?
What are released by injured or infected cells?
What are the eicosanoids that produce fever and the dilation of blood vessels associated with inflammation?
What are responsible for communication between white blood cells?
What cells engulf pathogens or particles?
What can Phagocytes be called to specific locations?
What is the intracellular vesicle called to form a phagolysosome?
What is a lysosome that fuses with another vesicle called a lysosome?
Phagocytosis evolved as a means of what?
What are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
What are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
How much of the total circulating leukocytes are ntrophils normally found in the bloodstream?
What is the process that neutrophils migrate toward the site of inflammation?
What is one of the regulatory factors that Macrophages produce?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
What are the second arm of the innate immune system?
Innate cells are important mediators in the activation of what?
What are the phagocytes?
What are phagocytes in tissues that are in contact with the external environment?
What are dendritic cells named for their resemblance to?
What is one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?
What is one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?
What is a condition known as?
What is a component of the innate immune system that does not directly attack invading microbes?
What is a cell-surface marker called?
What type of receptors recognize MHC antigens?
When did the adaptive immune system evolve?
What is the adaptive immune response called?
Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific what?
What are two major subtypes of T cells?
What cells have a role in modulating immune response?
What type of molecules do Killer T cells only recognize antigens coupled to?
What type of molecules do helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize?
What are the third subtypes that recognize intact antigens that are not bound to MHC receptors?
What is a sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses?
What is the co-receptor on the T cell called?
What binds to a specific antigen in a complex with the MHC Class I receptor of another cell?
What is a protease called?
What is one of the cytotoxins released by an activated T cell?
What is the helper cell's co-receptor?
How many receptors can helper T cells be activated by a single MHC:antigen molecule?
How can killer T cells be activated?
What does the activation of a resting helper T cell cause it to release?
What is another name for CD154?
What are the characteristics of Gamma delta T cells?
What does Gamma delta T cells possess?
What are Gamma delta T cells?
What do T cells rearrange to produce?
What cells respond within hours to molecules produced by microbes?
What cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen?
What process transforms the antigen/antibody complex into peptides?
What does the helper T cell release?
What do some of their offspring become when B cells and T cells are activated?
What is the name of the disease that occurs during the lifetime of an individual?
Immunological memory can be in the form of what?
What pathogen can mount a strong response if the pathogen is detected again?
Newborn infants have no prior exposure to what?
What type of antibody is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta?
What contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant?
What does the fetus do because it doesn't actually make any memory cells or antibodies?
Hormones can act as what?
What are female sex hormones known immunostimulators of?
What autoimmune disease strikes women preferentially?
What do male sex hormones like testosterone seem to be?
What protein has been shown to be closely intertwined with T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms?
What are some chronic conditions that can lead to an increase in disruptions?
What is the cause of active immunizations?
What is partly responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals?
What vitamin D levels are decreasing in the elderly?
What hormones are regulated by the immune system?
UVB radiation produces less what?
What is the main response of the immune system to tumors?
What type of molecules are Tumor antigens presented on?
Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in similar way to what?
What are sometimes generated against tumor cells?
What do plants lack?
What are pathogen-associated molecular patterns known as?
When a part of a plant becomes infected, cells at the site of infection undergo what?
What is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent?
What mechanisms are particularly important in this systemic response?
What is the other end of immune dysfunction?
What does the immune system not distinguish between?
Where are specialized cells located?
What do T cells and antibodies react with?
What happens when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive?
In what age is the ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens diminished?
When do immune responses begin to decline?
What are common causes of poor immune function in developed countries?
What is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries?
What can activate immunity be generated artificially?
What is the term for vaccination?
What is to introduce to stimulate the immune system and develop specific immunity against that particular pathogen?
What does the deliberate induction of an immune response exploit?
Bacteria secretes what type of enzymes that digest the barrier?
What type of secretion system is used to insert a hollow tube into the host cell?
What are proteins often used to do?
What is the success of a pathogen dependent on?
Who formulated the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What do nonself entities trigger a destructive immune response?
What was the theory later modified to reflect new discoveries?
Who suggested that Frank Burnet form the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What are the most powerful of these drugs?
What are methotrexate or azathioprine often used in conjunction with lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs?
What are cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs commonly used in conjunction with lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs?
What drug prevents T cells from responding to signals correctly?
What types of effector cells peak during wake periods?
What anti-inflammatory molecules peak during awake active times?
Inflammation may occur during sleep times due to what?
What could melatonin counteract during sleep times?
When a T-cell encounters a foreign pathogen, it extends what?
What is the active form of vitamin D?
What is the relationship between T-cells and vitamin D?
What is the gene responsible for converting the pre-hormone version of vitamin D, calcitriol?
What are other immune system cells known to express CYP27B1?
What are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What are also used by most forms of invertebrate life?
Ribonucleases and what pathway are conserved across all eukaryotes?
What are the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system?
In primitive jawless vertebrates is a lymphocyte-derived molecule found?
What molecules are produced from a small number of genes?
Evolution of what system occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates?
Invertebrates do not generate what?
What is a unique defense mechanism called for bacteria to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
What is the restriction modification system called?
What type of sequences do Prokaryotes use to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that they have come into contact with in the past?
What theories did the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century battle between?
Who represented the cellular theory of immunity?
What cells were responsible for immune responses?
Who held the humoral theory of immunity?
What were the active immune agents found in the organism's "humors" rather than its cells?
What do some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become?
What type of molecules do Tumor cells have on their surface?
What suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes?
What do cytokine TGF- suppress?
What is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues?
How many classes are they divided into?
What class is divided into four classes?
What triggers degranulation of mast cells and basophils when cross-linked by antigen?
What occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on the patient's cells?
What is an evasion strategy used by pathogens to avoid the innate immune system?
What is the food poisoning bacterium that causes malaria?
What is the eukaryotic parasite that causes malaria?
What bacteria live inside a protective capsule that prevents lysis by complement?
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
What is the term for this variation?
What mutates rapidly?
What parasite is constantly switching one type of surface protein for another?
What may explain the failures of vaccines directed at this virus?
What is the term for this type of surveillance?
What is an oncogenic virus that causes cervical cancer?
What enzyme transforms certain skin cells into tumors called melanomas?
What is tyrosinase called?
What are tumors called melanomas?
What amount of drugs can provoke a neutralizing immune response?
What are overrepresented in epitope regions?
What is the study of large sets of proteins involved in the immune response?
Who has established a publicly accessible database for the cataloguing of epitopes from pathogens?
What is the emerging field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity referred to as?
What hormones do sudden drop in blood levels in the early slow-wave-sleep stage cause?
What do the milieu of hormones produced at this time support?
What is the shift of the cytokine balance between APCs and T-cells?
What is thought to support the formation of long-lasting immune memory?
What is the binding of complement proteins to on the surfaces of microbes?
What can deposition of complement kill cells directly?
What occurs after sequential proteolytic activation of complement molecules?
What is the result of a cascade that amplifies the initial signal by controlled positive feedback?
What is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem unfair laws?
What is South Africa's fight against?
What revolution was used to bring independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union?
What country was the Orange Revolution in 2004?
What country was the Rose Revolution in 2003?
Who brought up the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution?
What occupation did Egyptians take over in the 1919 Revolution?
What type of movement has Gandhi's campaigns for independence from the British Empire been used to oust communist governments?
What is one of the many ways people have rebelled against civil disobedience?
In what movement did South Africa fight apartheid?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience in Sophocles' play?
Who is Oedipus one of the daughters of?
Who is the current King of Thebes?
Who is one of the daughters of the former King of Thebes?
What is the purpose of the play Antigone?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience in Sophocles' play?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who is trying to stop Antigone from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial?
What is the purpose of the play Antigone?
What does she say she must do in a stirring speech?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What is the principle of protest?
What doctrine was taken up by Gandhi in his essay Civil Disobedience?
What did Gandhi often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign?
Who wrote Civil Disobedience?
Who wrote The Mask of Anarchy?
What did Percy Shelley think was the mask of anarchy?
What is perhaps the first modern statement of?
What was Gandhi's first version of Civil Disobedience?
Who wrote Satyagraha?
What are the activities of Vice President Agnew?
Who notes that it has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has the term "civil disobedience" always suffered from?
What does the term "civil disobedience" become in modern times?
What does the term "civil disobedience" mean in modern times?
Who notes that it has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What is the name of the code-word used by Vice President Agnew?
Who has become a code-word describing the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins?
What has the term "civil disobedience" always suffered from?
Who writes that the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible?
What does LeGrande say the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult?
What does he encourage a distinction between?
What type of problems and grammatical niceties is the student of civil disobedience surrounded by?
What type of terminology has no more meaning than the individual orator intends to have?
Who writes that the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible?
What type of literature is the student of civil disobedience surrounded by?
What types of problems is the student of civil disobedience surrounded by?
What is the distinction between lawful protest demonstration and violent civil disobedience?
What type of protest demonstration does he encourage a distinction between?
What type of impasse is civil disobedience distinguished from?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as?
What would the head of government be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen?
What is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as?
What would the head of government do?
Who would refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court?
What would the head of government be acting in her or his capacity?
What two branches of government conflict?
Who disputed the definition of the conscience vs. the collective?
Before Thoreau's refusal to pay, when did a confused taxman ask about how to handle his refusal to pay?
What is the majority powerful?
What did Thoreau advise before Thoreau's imprisonment?
Thoreau admits that government may express the will of the majority but it may also express nothing more than the will of what?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
How many individuals can act unjustly?
Who disputed the definition of the conscience vs. the collective?
What did Thoreau advise before Thoreau's imprisonment?
What is the majority powerful?
What are some theories of civil disobedience that civil disobedience is justified against?
What non-governmental agencies can be justified if they reflect a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
What does Brownlee argue that disobedience in opposition to decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to?
What are breaches of law in protest against?
Who argues that disobedience in opposition to decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
What does Brownlee argue that disobedience in opposition to decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects?
What does some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is?
What is Brownlee's argument that disobedience can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
What constitutes lawbreaking?
Why should disobedience take the form of public civil disobedience?
What did Hitler's secret police want to know about a Jew?
What is the name of the Exodus 1: 15-19?
Who refused a direct order of Pharaoh?
What must be done to constitute civil disobedience?
Stephen Eilmann argues that if it is necessary to disobey what?
What is more effective than open disobedience?
What did the Fully Informed Jury Association think of when Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew in their house?
Where did Shiphrah and Puah refuse a direct order of Pharaoh?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience?
What type of rebellion is justified by appeal to constitutional defects?
What type of society does civil disobedients refrain from violence help preserve?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What must civil disobedience necessarily be?
What type of rebellion is justified by appeal to constitutional defects?
What is rebellion more?
What do civil disobedients refrain from violence do?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who directed revolutionary civil disobedience against Austria?
Who directed revolutionary civil disobedience against Austria?
What act has been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is a result of a civil disobedience?
What is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What does non-revolutionary civil disobedience mean?
What is the purpose of non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is more of an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who's?
When did the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience occur?
What did unarmed Jews gather to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem?
What was Thoreau's arrest covered in in the days, weeks and months after it happened?
Who was the tax collector who arrested Thoreau?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
When did the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience occur?
What did unarmed Jews gather in the streets to do?
What do some activists who commit civil disobedience collectively refuse to sign?
What is a form of solitary civil disobedience?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
What type of acts have civil disobedients chosen?
What does Bedau say the harmlessness of illegal protests may serve?
Who brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the U.S. government?
How long did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna?
How did Julia Butterfly Hill prevent the Redwood tree from being cut down?
What types of acts have civil disobedients chosen?
What happens at a nuclear-missile installation?
What kind of illegal protests may serve a propaganda purpose?
What does Voice in the Wilderness achieve?
Who lived in Luna?
Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors?
What did Joseph Haas say to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors?
What is pure speech?
In what case did WBAI broadcast "Filthy Words"?
When did the Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation begin?
What is the criminalized behavior in cases where civil disobedience can consist of engaging in the forbidden speech?
What was the name of WBAI's track "Filthy Words"?
What is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government?
What was Joseph Haas accused of sending to the Lebanon city councilors?
What makes it more difficult for a system to function?
How did the Plowshares organization temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What did the Plowshares organization use sickles to deflate one of the large domes?
What do civil disobedients find necessary to do to get their issue onto the table?
What kind of coercive might they be considered?
What are some forms of civil disobedience?
What do civil disobedients use to engage in moral dialogue?
What is the conscientious aim of civil disobedients?
How did the Plowshares organization temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What types of investigations do civil disobedience cases have?
What may the suspect need to decide whether or not to grant a consent search of his property?
What can be harmful to the legal community?
Why have civil disobedients found it hard to resist responding to investigators' questions?
What do some civil disobedients seek to do to make an impression on officers?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to do because of their belief in the validity of the social contract?
What does some civil disobedients believe they must accept punishment because of their belief in?
What do civil disobedients still don't believe in?
What kind of civil disobedients don't believe in the legitimacy of any government?
What do civil disobedients see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law?
What is an important decision for civil disobedients?
What is a civil disobedient's duty to do?
What does a pleading not guilty send a message of, "Guilt implies wrong-doing?"
What does pleading not guilty mean?
What is the name of a plea that is usually interpreted as a plea of not guilty?
Where did the Committee for Non-Violent Action sponsor a protest in 1957?
Why did 13 protesters enter the Camp Mercury nuclear test site?
What was the name of the person who stepped across the "line"?
What did Francis Heisler advise the arrested persons to plead as an alternative to pleading guilty or not-guilty?
How many sentences were given to the arrested persons?
What do protesters choose to go to jail as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice?
How do protesters go to jail as a way of continuing their protest?
What should the spirit of protest be maintained all the way?
What is an accession to 'the rules'?
What does the prosecution propose to civil disobedients?
How much jail time did the defendants receive in the Camden 28?
What tactics do activists use to secure the same plea bargain for everyone?
What type of plea have some activists opted to enter?
Who pleaded guilty to a crime?
What do some civil disobedience defendants choose to make in allocution?
What do some civil disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech?
What is an attempt to avoid responsibility for her actions?
What is even a likelihood of repeating illegal actions?
What did some of the protesters complain about?
What do defendants must decide if they want to win an acquittal?
What do defendants need to do to inform the jury and the public of the political circumstances surrounding the case?
What do defendants use the proceedings as a forum to do?
During what war did the Chicago Eight use a political defense?
What do civil disobedients seek in countries such as the United States?
What does disobedience encourage?
What is disobedience?
What is not civil disobedience?
What is a protestor who attempts to escape punishment by committing the crime?
What does a protestor attempt to escape punishment by committing the crime?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest?
What involves violating a law which is not the object of protest?
When did courts refuse to excuse the perpetrators of illegal protests from punishment?
What did the judge instruct the jury to disregard when Carter Wentworth was charged for his role in the Clamshell Alliance's 1977 illegal occupation of the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant?
What does FIJA say if they arrest fully informed jury leafleters?
What is a major goal of criminal punishment?
What is the most important consideration in deciding whether to impose punishment?
Who decides on utilitarian grounds?
What does Brownlee argue that bringing in deterrence at the level of justification detracts from the law's engagement in a moral dialogue with the offender as a rational person?
What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure?
What is construction different from?
How much of the gross domestic product of developed countries does construction comprise?
What phases of construction begin with?
Where does construction typically take place?
Who manages the job?
Who supervises the job?
What is essential for the successful execution of a project?
What are the largest construction projects referred to as?
Who must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of building materials?
What are the three sectors of construction?
What types of residential and non-residential buildings are usually divided into?
Infrastructure is often called what?
What is often called heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering?
What includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants?
Engineering News-Record (ENR) is what?
What is Engineering News-Record?
In what year did ENR compile data in nine market segments?
What types of data did companies use to rank as heavy contractors?
What three subsectors are divided into?
What are the categories for?
What have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction?
What are construction managers?
What is the process of adding structure to real property?
What are the majority of building construction jobs?
Who acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project?
What are some of the common elements of building construction?
What do those with experience in the field do to ensure a positive outcome?
What do residential construction practices, technologies and resources have to conform to?
What type of materials dictate the construction materials used?
How much waste can residential construction generate?
What can vary dramatically based on site conditions, local regulations, economies of scale?
What technology advances in building construction?
How long does building printing take?
How many metres of building material per hour are working versions of 3D-printing building technology already printing?
How much of building material per hour are working versions of 3D-printing building technology already printing?
How can a formal design team be assembled?
In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of what?
Who is most commonly employed by the design team?
Who provides a bill of quantities?
Who does the owner typically award a contract to after evaluation of bids?
The modern trend in design is toward integration of what?
What were architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, and general contractors more likely to be?
What can each firm offer for a construction project from beginning to end?
What is the term for a contract where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction?
What types of project structures can assist the owner in integration?
Who can integrate the services of each of these project structures?
What are many companies placing more emphasis on?
What can construction projects suffer from?
What happens when builders ask for too little money to complete the project?
What are cash flow problems that arise when the current amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials?
What is a problem in many fields?
Who are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project?
Who is the most obvious source of funding for a building project?
Who study the expected monetary flow over the life of the project?
When did the contractor identify changes that increased cost overruns with government projects?
Who apply expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation?
What must the project adhere to?
Who does not benefit from Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes?
What are some legal requirements from malum in se considerations?
What isolating businesses to a business district or residences to a residential district?
Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built?
What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?
What is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties?
What does the time element in construction mean?
What must the contracts be designed to ensure each side is capable of performing the obligations set out?
What leads to confusion and collapse?
What is the focus of a new form of procurement?
What are PPPs?
What are PPPs?
What is the focus of the construction industry?
Who acts as the project coordinator?
What is the architect or engineer acting as in this arrangement?
What are direct contractual links between?
Who is the architect's client?
When is the building ready to occupy?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
Who present different ideas about how to accomplish these goals?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
What is often a contractor?
How do they build phase 1?
Who must verify and have existing utility lines marked before the foundation can be dug?
What is less likely to happen to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities?
What could cause outages and potentially hazardous situations?
Who inspects the building periodically to ensure that the construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code?
What can be issued once construction is completed?
What is the annual revenue of the United States in 2014?
How much is private in 2014?
How many companies employed 1 million contractors in 2005?
How many employees did the average contractor employ as of 2005?
How many women were employed in the construction industry in the United States in 2011?
What is the average earning for a professional in the construction industry in the Middle East?
What is the average earning for a professional in the construction industry in the Middle East?
In what country have construction workers made more than $100,000 annually?
What is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world?
What is one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers?
What are other major causes of fatalities in the construction industry?
What can reduce the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry?
Private schools are also known as what?
What type of scholarship does a student have?
How are private schools funded by private schools?
What does private schools retain?
What is the annual tuition fee at several New England preparatory schools?
What is the term for tuition fees at K-12 schools?
What country is the use of the term restricted to primary and secondary education levels?
Where does private education cover the whole gamut of educational activity?
What is the term for year twelve?
What is the term for year 13?
What is the term for university-preparatory schools?
What is the financial endowment of private secondary schools?
High tuition is used to pay higher salaries for what?
What are parochial schools often used to denote?
What other religious group is represented in the K-12 private education sector?
What type of education does some schools teach?
What is a tool not readily available to government schools?
What is a compulsory uniform for Australian private schools?
What is the cost of private schools in Australia?
What church does Uniting Church belong to?
What type of schools fall into this category?
Where is St Aloysius' College located?
What is Loreto Normanhurst for?
What section of the Grundgesetz defines the right to create private schools in Germany?
What was the purpose of the protection of private schools?
What was the percentage of pupils in schools in Germany between 1992 and 2008?
What percentage of students in private high schools were in private high schools?
How much did the percent of pupils in Germany increase from 1992 to 2008?
What does the Grundgesetz mean?
What are ordinary primary or secondary schools?
Why do most Ersatzschulen have tuition fees?
What are secondary or post-secondary schools?
What type of schools are most of these schools?
What fees do Ergänzungsschulen charge their students?
What type of groups run Ergänzungsschulen?
What are private schools in India called?
What is one of the most prominent Examination Boards in multiple states?
How many different Examination Boards or academic authorities conduct examinations for school leaving certificates?
What is the power of the state governments to govern schools?
Who can run schools in India?
Where can only non-profit trusts and societies run schools?
What report does ASER report poorer academic achievement in government schools?
What is the Annual Status of Education Report?
What is the language of education in private schools?
What is the name of the private schools in Ireland?
How many teachers are paid by the state in Ireland?
What is the average fee for most schools?
The fee-paying schools are usually run by a religious order, i.e. the Congregation of Christian Brothers or the Congregation of Christian Brothers?
What is the average fee for most schools?
When was Malaysia's independence?
Who caused an uproar among the schools?
What are Chinese secondary schools required to change into?
What system did the government instruct all schools to surrender their properties and be assimilated into?
How many schools converted to National Type schools?
What are schools that accept government funds called?
What are the private 'un-aided' schools funded by?
Where is the Galaxy Public School located?
What is the medium of education?
What language is taught as a compulsory subject?
How many private schools are in New Zealand?
How many students are in private schools in New Zealand?
How much of New Zealand's student population is private schools?
What type of school system integrated into the nation's private school system between 1979 and 1984?
What is the largest city in New Zealand?
What type of school is King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland?
Where is Samuel Marsden Collegiate School located?
What is Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College?
Where is Christ's College and St Margaret's College located?
What is the name of the Catholic schismatic group in Wanganui?
How many % of primary enrollment are in the Philippines?
How many % of secondary enrollment are in the Philippines?
How many % of tertiary enrollment are in the Philippines?
When was the Manual of Regulations for Private Schools published?
What science is replaced at the option of a private school?
What scheme provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools?
What is geared to students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes?
What is available to underprivileged high school graduates who wish to pursue college/technical education in private colleges and universities?
What act recognises two categories of schools?
When was the South African Schools Act passed?
What is the name of the two categories of schools in the South African Schools Act of 1996?
What type of schools are privately governed by the South African Schools Act of 1996?
In what century were private church schools established by missionaries?
What did the term "Model C" continue to be used to describe after the transition to democracy?
What do schools tend to produce more than government schools formerly reserved for other race groups?
What do model C schools tend to set higher than other public schools?
How many % of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008?
How many students do Kunskapsskolan teach?
How many employees does Kunskapsskolan have?
What is Kunskapsskolan?
What is Sweden internationally known for?
How old are preparatory schools in the UK?
What are some of these schools also known as?
According to The Good Schools Guide, what percentage of children being educated in the UK are doing so at fee-paying schools at GSCE level?
How old are preparatory schools in the UK?
What is the fee per year for day pupils?
What case in 1954 demanded United States schools desegregate with all deliberate speed?
What type of academies have shut down since the 1970s?
Where did many white students migrate to the academies?
What type of students migrated to the academies?
What type of students migrated to the academies?
What kind of funds are generally provided for private schools?
What is the Establishment Clause of?
What is the Constitution Clause of the First Amendment?
What type of status did non-religious private schools prefer?
Where was compulsory education started in 1852?
When did compulsory education begin in Massachusetts?
When was Wisconsin v. Yoder 205?
What is Pierce v. Society of Sisters?
Who vs Yoder, 427 U.S. 160 (1976); Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925); Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923).
How much tuition was charged annually for day schools in New York City in 2012?
How much did boarding schools cost in 2012?
What was the name of the leading schools that had substantial endowments?
What kind of drives did the Groton School have?
Who was the first benefactor of the Harvard Corporation?
In what year did Radcliffe College become coeducational?
Who led the university through the Great Depression and World War II?
What organization was Harvard a founding member of in 1900?
Who was President following the American Civil War?
What is the world's largest academic and private library system?
How many libraries is the Harvard Library?
How many volumes does the Harvard Library have?
How many presidents do Harvard alumni have?
How many Nobel laureates have been affiliated as students, faculty, or staff?
Where is the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study located?
How much is Harvard's financial endowment?
Where is Harvard Stadium located?
How many academic units is the University organized into?
Where is the campus of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study located?
When was Harvard formed?
Harvard was formed in 1636 by the Great and General Court of what Colony?
When did the college become home for North America's first known printing press?
When was the Harvard College renamed?
When was the charter for the Harvard Corporation granted?
What did the College train in the early years?
What type of curriculum did the University of Cambridge offer?
What denomination did many of its early graduates become clergymen?
When did Joseph Willard die?
Who was appointed to the presidency of Harvard two years later?
When was Henry Ware elected to the chair?
Who acclaimed the natural history lectures in 1846?
What was Agassiz's perspective on science combined with?
Who were Scottish philosophers?
Who eliminated the favored position of Christianity from the curriculum?
What type of convictions did Eliot have?
Who were the convictions of the dignity and worth of human nature, the right and ability of each person to perceive truth and the indwelling God in each person?
Who revigorated creative scholarship to guarantee its preeminence among research institutions?
What did Conant devise to support talented youth?
When was the resulting Report published?
How many men attended Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe?
When did the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe take place?
How did the proportion of female undergraduates increase after the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe admissions?
How long is the main campus of Harvard Yard?
How many residential Houses do sophomore, junior, and senior undergraduates live in?
What river does the Sophomore, junior, and senior undergraduate live near?
Where is the Quadrangle located?
Where is the Harvard Business School located?
What is a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River?
Where is the Harvard Medical School located?
How much more land does Allston own?
What type of bridges are proposed to connect the Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus?
What is one feature of the school's transit infrastructure?
How many professors, lecturers and instructors do Harvard teach?
How many undergraduates do Harvard's professors instruct?
How many graduate students do Harvard's professors instruct?
When did the student body vote?
When did Charles William Eliot buy red bandanas for his crew?
How much was it worth in 2011?
In 2008-09, what percentage of the loss was caused by the loss?
What was one of the most visible results of Harvard's attempt to re-balance its budget?
What was the Pell Grant reserve available for disbursement?
What was the total financial aid reserve for students at Harvard University in 2012?
When did the South African movement divest?
Who refused to divest?
How much did the university reduce its South African holdings?
How many applicants did Harvard College accept for the class of 2019?
When did Harvard College end its early admissions program?
What was Harvard's early admissions program believed to be?
When was an Early Action program reintroduced?
How many classes did students complete between 1978 and 2008?
How many categories are undergraduate students required to complete courses since 2008?
What does the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching criticize Harvard for?
When do Harvard's academic programs operate on a semester calendar?
What is considered full-time?
What degree is awarded to students graduating in the top 4–5% of the class?
What percentage of students received Latin honors in 2005?
What was the annual tuition for the 2012-13 school year?
What was the total cost of attendance for the 2012-13 school year?
What do families with incomes below $60,000 pay for their children to attend?
How much did Harvard offer grants in 2009?
How much of Harvard's aid does undergraduate students receive?
Where is the Harvard University Library System located?
What are the most popular libraries for undergraduates?
Where is America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases stored?
How many volumes does the Harvard University Library System hold?
How many museums are in the Harvard Art Museums?
From the Middle Ages to the present, what is the Fogg Museum of Art?
What museum is specialized in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere?
When was the Academic Ranking of World Universities published?
When was THE World Reputation Rankings published?
What is Harvard named "dream college"?
How many intercollegiate sports does the Harvard Crimson compete in?
What university culminates in The Game?
What is the oldest continuous international amateur competition in the world?
When did the annual football meeting begin?
When did Harvard Stadium introduce a new era into football?
When did Camp support revolutionary new rules?
Who was Walter Camp?
What is the name of Harvard's athletic facility?
What is the name of the MAC?
How many weight rooms are there?
How long did the Harvard-Yale Regatta last?
On what river is it held annually in June?
What rivalry does the Crimson Crimson men's ice hockey team have?
When did Harvard win the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships?
Who is the U.N. Secretary of Politics?
Who is the Colombian president?
Who is Costa Rica's president?
What Israeli Prime Minister was Benazir Bhutto?
Who is the comedian, television host and writer?
Who is the conductor of Yo Yo Ma?
What cellist is Charlie Albright?
Who was the civil rights leader?
Who is the Fields Medalist mathematician?
Who are legal scholars at Harvard?
Who is the Shakespeare scholar?
What is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida?
How many people lived in Jacksonville in 2010?
What rank is Jacksonville the most populous city in the United States?
Where is the county seat?
When did the city government consolidate Duval County?
What river is Jacksonville centered on?
How many miles north of Miami is Jacksonville?
What was the French colony of in 1564?
Who originally inhabited Fort Caroline?
Who was the first military governor of the Florida Territory?
What is Jacksonville's seaport?
What type of tourism is important to Jacksonville?
How many U.S. Navy bases does Jacksonville's riverine location facilitate?
What are people from Jacksonville called?
How many years has Jacksonville been inhabited?
Who discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the US?
Where is the National Ecological and Historic Preserve located?
What was the beginning of in the 16th century?
What is the name of the village at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville?
Who charted the St. Johns River in 1562?
Where did Ribault claim the newly discovered land?
Who did Philip II of Spain order to protect Spain's interests?
What was St. Augustine's position as the most important settlement in Florida?
Where did René Goulaine de Laudonnière establish the first European settlement?
After what war did Spain cede Florida to the British?
How did the British build the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia?
What did the British say were brought across the St. Johns River?
Which country gave Florida to the British in 1763?
When was the Florida Legislative Council approved a charter for a town government?
What cause was Jacksonville a key supply point for hogs and cattle being shipped to?
What was the name of the first Confederate victory in Florida?
At what battle did the Confederate Army face a Confederate Army?
What left the city disrupted after the war?
What battle did a Confederate cavalry encounter in March 1864?
When did Jacksonville and St. Augustine become popular winter resorts for the rich and famous?
Who attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition?
What caused major blows to the city's tourism in the late 19th century?
What extension of the Florida East Coast Railway drew visitors to other areas?
What type of railroad did visitors arrive by steamboat?
What was engulfed in flames at a mattress factory?
How many buildings destroyed in eight hours?
What did Jennings declare?
What was one of the worst disasters in Florida history?
Who were attracted to Jacksonville's warm climate in the 1910s?
How many studios were established over the course of the decade?
What was Jacksonville's title?
What was the name of the major film production center that ended the city's film industry?
What led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs?
What percentage of the city's population was non-Hispanic white?
What left Jacksonville with a much poorer population than before?
Who built a new city hall, civic auditorium, public library and other projects that created a dynamic sense of civic pride?
When did Jacksonville suffer from rapid urban sprawl?
How much of the city's tax base dissipated?
What suburbs had difficulty obtaining municipal services?
In 1958, a study recommended that the city of Jacksonville begin what?
Who rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965?
What type of network did many of the city's officials have?
How many officials were indicted after a grand jury was convened to investigate?
What organization was led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates?
Why did all 15 of Duval County's public high schools lose their accreditation in 1964?
When a consolidation referendum was held in 1967, who approved the plan?
Who posed with Lee Meredith behind a sign marking the new border of the "Bold New City of the South"?
Where did Hans Tanzler mark the new border?
What was promoted as a blueprint for Jacksonville's future?
What did the Better Jacksonville Plan approve in 2000?
What is the total area of Jacksonville?
What river divides the city?
What is a major tributary of the St. Johns River?
What percentage of Jacksonville's land is water?
What town surrounds Jacksonville?
What is the tallest building in Jacksonville?
What is the Bank of America Tower?
How tall is it?
How tall was the Riverplace Tower?
What makes the Wells Fargo Center the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline?
What type of climate does Jacksonville have?
What are the warmest months of the year?
What type of weather does Jacksonville have during winters?
Why does Jacksonville see very little cold weather?
What was the highest temperature recorded on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872?
What happens during a typical summer afternoon?
What is the result of the rapid heating of the land relative to the water?
When does the average monthly temperature range from 53 F in January to 82 F?
What hurricane caused the strongest effect on Jacksonville?
What was the wind speed of St. Augustine?
What storm hit Jacksonville on May 28, 2012?
On what scale was St. Augustine a strong Category 2?
In what year did Jacksonville die?
What is Jacksonville's tenth-largest population?
How many people lived in the city as of 2010?
What is Jacksonville's tenth largest Arab population?
What is the largest American community in Jacksonville?
How much of all households were made up of individuals?
What percentage of households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
How many males were there?
How many males were there for every 100 females age 18 and over?
How much of global assets did the richest 1% of adults own in 2000?
How many people are in the world's population?
How much of the world's wealth is now in the hands of those in the top percentile?
What was Oxfam's claims questioned on?
What is the name of a diversion?
How much of global assets did the richest 1% of adults own in 2000?
What do the richest people in the world possess more than the lowest 48 nations combined?
How much wealth did the combined wealth of the "10 million dollar millionaires" grow in 2008?
What percentage of the population owns about 0.7% of the world's wealth?
What is the reason the Oxfam report finds poor people in the United States and Western Europe are more likely to take on debts?
How many richest Americans are according to PolitiFact?
According to what newspaper on July 22, 2014, the "richest 1 percent in the US now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent"?
What may explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
What did the Institute for Policy Studies say about 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans grew up in?
How much wealth do the top 400 richest Americans have?
According to the New York Times, what percentage of Americans own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
What percentage of the Forbes richest 400 Americans grew up in substantial privilege?
According to what organization in September 2012, about 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
Who views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land?
What does Neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What classifications of workers are responsible for differences in value added?
What is inequality a reflection of in a market economy?
What are wages and profits determined by?
What does Neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What is the difference in labor income distribution?
What are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor?
What is the marginal value added of each economic actor?
What is inequality a reflection of in a market economy?
What do capitalist firms substitute capital equipment for labor inputs under competitive pressure?
What is the "reserve army of labour"?
What is the "reserve army of labour"?
What causes stagnant wages for the working class?
What do capitalist firms substitute capital equipment for in Marxian analysis?
What do capitalist firms substitute capital equipment for labor inputs under competitive pressure?
What do capitalist firms increasingly use for labor inputs?
What does the substitution of capital equipment raise?
What does the substitution of capital equipment cause for the working class?
What will not be controlled by the market in a purely capitalist mode of production?
Under what law is the price of skill determined by a race between the demand for the skilled worker and the supply of the skilled worker?
What type of business do employers offer below market wage?
What will their competitors take advantage of the situation?
What are the outcomes that are widely viewed as?
Who controls the workers wages?
How do wages work for any other good?
What will not be controlled by these organizations or by the employer?
What can also concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society, and abuse workers and consumers?
What are the outcomes that are widely viewed as?
What tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job?
What type of job does a job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time require?
What will result in for a job where there are few able or willing workers?
What can members receive higher wages through?
What may limit the supply of workers?
What will result in a job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time competing for a job that few require?
What drives down the wage?
Competition amongst workers tends to drive down wages due to what?
What is the supply of a job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time?
Who will drive up the wage?
What does higher economic inequality tend to increase at the individual level?
What is motivated by survival needs?
What is the term for motivations?
What is the term for achievement-oriented motivations?
What is driven by achievement-oriented motivations?
What tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level?
What is the most often based on?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What type of motivations drives opportunity-based entrepreneurship?
What is the economic impact of the former type of entrepreneurialism expected to have on economic growth?
What is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases?
What will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
The rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of what?
What increases as the taxable base amount increases?
What will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
What is the difference between an income distribution before taxation and the Gini index after taxation?
What type of education does a person have?
What type of education do those who are unable to afford an education choose not to pursue?
What do those who are unable to afford an education receive?
What kind of poor does education help to unleash?
What is the result of a lack of education?
What type of education does a person have?
What does education create for those with a high demand for workers?
What do those who are unable to afford an education receive?
What is the reason for a lack of education?
What type of education does a person have access to?
What did S&P recommend to reduce the wealth gap?
How much growth would the average United States worker add to the country's economy over five years?
What was the result of the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the country?
What rating agency did economists with in 2014 conclude that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession?
In what year did the Standard & Poor's rating agency conclude that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession?
In what year did the recession slow the recovery of the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens?
What did S&P recommend to reduce the wealth gap?
How much growth would the average United States worker add to the country's economy over five years?
What was the result of the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the country?
When did the mass high school education movement begin?
What was the rate of skilled workers in the mass high school education movement from 1910-1940?
What resulted in a decrease in the price of skilled labor?
What can result in low economic growth?
What caused a decrease in wages?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What was the result of the increase in skilled workers during the mass high school education movement?
What was high school education designed to equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work?
What is important for the growth of the economy?
What can result in low economic growth?
What groups have remained strong in an analysis of the effects of intensive Anglo-American liberal policies?
What country has a lower level of economic mobility than the U.S. economy?
What does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes?
What kind of liberal policies did unions remain strong in comparison to?
What are the causes of the decline of union membership?
What is the U.S. economic and social model associated with?
John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer of what organization point to economic liberalism?
What does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes?
What level of economic mobility does the U.S. economy afford?
What country has a high rate of unionization?
What goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-versa?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What did Rosenfield say the decline of organized labor has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap?
Who claims that the decline of organized labor has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What university is Jake Rosenfield affiliated with?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What is the rate of unionization in Scandinavia?
What does the cross-national pattern of inequality go hand-in-hand with?
What could be seen as a result of the competition in rich countries?
Low-skilled workers in poor countries may see what?
What is one reason he concedes the effect of trade on inequality in America is minor when compared to other causes?
What did Robert Lawrence argue that low-skilled jobs have been replaced by in wealthier nations?
Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from what scale to a domestic scale?
In rich countries, what type of workers may see increased wages?
What has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States?
What is the effect of trade on inequality in America?
What did Robert Lawrence argue that low-skilled jobs have been replaced by in wealthier nations?
How much is the income gap in Botswana?
What percentage of Bahrain's income gap is in Botswana?
What are women more likely than men to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
What is the gender pay gap in many countries in the labor market?
What type of pay gap is there in many countries in favor of males in the labor market?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of what?
Who are more likely to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
Who claims that this difference is due to women not taking jobs due to marriage or pregnancy?
What does a U.S. Census report say in the US when other factors are accounted for?
What type of programs do more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
What does Kuznets say countries with low levels of development have?
What does a country acquire as it develops?
What are social welfare programs?
Who argued that levels of economic inequality are in large part the result of stages of development?
What did Simon Kuznets argue are in large part the result of stages of development?
What does a country acquire as it develops?
How does a country acquire more capital?
What do more developed countries move back to?
When did income inequality fall in the United States?
In what decade did income inequality begin to rise?
What type of sector is the move from the manufacturing sector to?
What is the name of the sector that may be moving from the Kuznets' cycle to the service sector?
What saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what now known as Kuznets curve?
What is now known as?
What does more recent testing of this theory have shown to be?
What will happen if given time?
What does it mean for multiple Kuznets' cycles to be in at any given time?
What is a theoretical process by which newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities?
What do those who already hold wealth have?
What is the fundamental force for divergence?
What generates higher returns?
What do newly created wealth concentrate in?
Who have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth?
What can contribute to the persistence of inequality within society?
Who wrote the book Capital in the Twenty-First Century?
What does Piketty argue that larger fortunes generate?
What does Joseph Stiglitz argue should serve as a brake on concentrations of wealth and income?
Who argues that market forces should serve as a brake on concentrations of wealth and income?
What skills will the market bid up to reward wealth creation?
What is a better explanation of growing inequality according to Stiglitz?
What is the non-market force known as?
What is the effect of higher rates of health and social problems?
What is a lower level of economic growth when it is neglected for high-end consumption?
What is lower in more unequal countries?
What is the effect of higher rates of health and social problems?
What is the average life expectancy in the top 21 industrialised countries?
In what year did Robert J. Shiller win Nobel Prize?
What is the most important problem in the US and elsewhere?
What effect does high unemployment have on subsequent long-run economic growth?
What can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions?
What does Increasing inequality harm growth?
Who found higher rates of health and social problems?
What rates of health and social problems have Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett found?
What is the rate of social goods in countries with higher inequality?
How many developed countries used statistics from?
What is the higher rate of social goods in countries and states?
What did higher material living standards lead to for most of human history?
Where do higher incomes-longer lives remain?
What increases rapidly as per capita income increases in poorer countries?
Who live no longer on average?
What was the income in Sweden and Japan?
What is the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries?
Who found health and social problems more common in countries with bigger income inequalities?
How many factors did Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett create an index of "Health and Social Problems"?
What are health and social problems more common among states in the US with larger income inequalities?
What does the UNICEF index correlate with?
Crime rate has been shown to be correlated with what in society?
What are most studies looking into the relationship focused on?
How many studies have shown tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger?
How can half of homicide rates be accounted for in each province or state?
What is the difference in homicide rates between U.S. and Canadian provinces?
What is the utilitarian principle of seeking?
What is an example of a house that provides less utility to a millionaire as a summer home?
What will an additional dollar spend by a poor person go to?
What does a house that provides less utility to a millionaire as a summer home do?
For any given amount of wealth in society, a society with more equality will have what?
Why do Conservative researchers argue income inequality is not significant?
Will Wilkinson is a member of what cato Institute?
When was consumption inequality lower?
Who wrote "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor"?
Who summarizes the debate in "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor"?
Who argues that systematic economic inequalities have created deep financial 'fault lines'?
What does Raghuram Rajan argue have created deep financial 'fault lines'?
What was the most recent example of the financial crisis?
Political pressure has developed to extend what to lower and middle income earners?
Political pressure has developed to extend what to lower and middle income earners?
What is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth spells?
High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but also what?
What does GDP growth do over the medium term?
What is an increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent associated with?
What are the most important factors for growth via a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels?
Who are David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela?
What does increasing inequality harm?
What does high unemployment have a negative effect on?
Why can unemployment harm growth?
What are policies aimed at controlling unemployment and reducing?
What did Joseph Stiglitz present in 2009?
What prevents global inequality and inequality within countries?
Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence that global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand?
What is the main reason for this shift?
What has become the secret to growth?
When did Galor and Zeira show that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development?
What has a long lasting effect on human capital formation and economic development?
What channels did Perotti study in 1996?
What is inequality associated with?
What are very unequal societies tend to be?
What does high levels of inequality do in poor countries?
What does high levels of inequality reduce growth in poor countries?
What are the rates of income inequality?
Robert Barro, economist at what university, found that there is "little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment"?
When did a study of Swedish counties find a positive impact of inequality on growth?
What hypothesis does income inequality and growth support?
What does the Kuznets curve hypothesis say with economic development?
Who claims that from 1914 to 1945 wars and "violent economic and political shocks" reduced inequality?
Who claimed that from 1914 to 1945 wars and "violent economic and political shocks" reduced inequality?
From 1914 to 1945 what did Piketty claim reduced inequality?
When did some theories develop?
What were savings by the wealthy thought to offset if they increase with inequality?
What has Nigeria's growth risen in 2013?
How long does it take for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth?
What are longer growth spells associated with?
What must be done to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth?
What can the effect of economic growth on poverty reduction depend on?
What is the central role economic growth can play in human development?
Who was the Secretary General of Ban Ki-Moon?
What does the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-Moon say is not sufficient for?
In poor and developing countries what is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system?
How is much unregistered property held in informal form?
What type of ownership can cause excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property and building?
How many steps can it take in some countries to build on government land?
How long can it take to build on extra-legal land?
What is caused in part by income inequality?
How many units did Rodda note that from 1984 and 1991, the demand for higher quality housing increased?
What was Rodda's point of view that the number of quality rental units decreased from 1984 to 1991?
What did landlords find in East New York?
What policy made it difficult or impossible for low income residents to keep pace?
What are some of the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care shared?
What are those on lower incomes better equipped to manage?
What describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts?
What is one method of achieving aspirational consumption?
What is the result of inequality?
What happens to waste and pollution?
What is the result of the increase in environmental degradation?
What happens to waste and pollution?
What would the population levels begin to drop to?
What do socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to?
What is the result of ownership titles in capital equipment, financial assets and corporate stock?
What type of income does the vast majority of the population depend on?
In order to rectify this situation, socialists argue that the means of production should be what?
Socialists argue that the means of production should be socially owned so that income differentials would be what?
Who argued that government redistributes wealth by force?
What does Robert Nozick argue government redistributes wealth by force?
What does Robert Nozick argue government redistribute wealth?
Why did Nozick recognize that some modern economic inequalities were the result of?
What did Rawls argue that inequalities in the distribution of wealth are justified?
What does the capabilities approach look at income inequality and poverty as a form of?
Economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than what?
What is the goal of a person's life?
What are the things a person values doing?
What is agency?
How much income does a person have when their capabilities are lowered?
What can an old, ill man not earn as much as a healthy young man?
What may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home?
What could be a rampant violence in the area that prevents people from going to work?
What does this approach believe it’s important to have political freedom, economic facilities, social opportunities, and protection security?
Who produced Doctor Who?
When was Doctor Who produced?
What space ship is sentient time-travelling space ship?
What is the exterior of the British police box?
Doctor Who is a British television programme produced by the BBC since 1963?
From what years did the programme originally run?
Who relaunched the programme in 2005?
Who spawned a single pilot episode of?
Who produced Russell T Davies in-house?
Who was featured in the first series of the 21st century?
How many actors have headlined the Doctor series?
Who took on the role after Matt Smith's exit?
What Christmas special did Peter Capaldi take on after Matt Smith's exit?
What happens when the Doctor takes on a new body and, to some extent, a new personality?
What happens after sustaining an injury which would be fatal to most other species?
Who is the rogue Time Lord?
What was Gallifrey's stolen time machine?
What is the name of the time machine that allows Gallifrey to travel across time and space?
What type of circuit does the TARDIS have?
What caused the Doctor's TARDIS to remain fixed as a blue British Police box?
How often does the Doctor travel alone?
Who is another renegade Time Lord?
What can the Doctor do when his body is mortally damaged?
What are his companions usually?
Who has the ability to regenerate when his body is mortally damaged?
When did Doctor Who first appear on BBC TV?
What was the second Doctor Who serial?
When the script was presented to Newman and Wilson it was rejected as what?
Who wrote The Mutants?
How long was each episode of the weekly programme?
How many seasons did the BBC drama department produce the programme?
Who was the controller of BBC 1?
What documentary did Sophie Aldred report in?
What did the BBC say would be returned to the 27th series?
On what channel did the BBC drama department's serials division broadcast the programme for 26 seasons?
What did the BBC hope to find an independent production company?
Who worked for Columbia Pictures' television arm in the United States?
What network broadcasts a television film on in 1996?
How many viewers watched the film in the UK?
Where did Philip Segal work for Columbia Pictures?
What episode was released on BBC One on 26 March 2005?
When did Doctor Who finally return with the episode "Rose"?
When was no full series filmed?
Who will replace Moffat in 2018?
What specials have been held every year since 2005?
In what years was Doctor Who a direct plot continuation?
What version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963-1989 series?
In what year was the 2005 version of Doctor Who released?
What are two relaunches of Mission Impossible?
What series relaunched in 1988 is similar to?
When did the BBC broadcast it again?
How long did the first episode delay?
How long was the transmission of the first episode delayed?
What was the cause of the delay in the transmission of the first episode?
What did the BBC believe many viewers missed this introduction to a new series?
What phrase entered British pop culture?
Who named the exhibition "Behind the Sofa" in 1991?
What did the Museum of the Moving Image name their exhibition celebrating?
What is the most popular TV show of all time?
Which online vote deemed the show the "scariest TV show of all time"?
Who was the most violent of the drama programmes the BBC produced at the time?
What percentage of the surveyed audience viewed the show as "very unsuitable" for family viewing?
Who was a journalist in The Times?
What is compared to the property market in London?
In what newspaper did Philip Howard respond to the survey?
What image has become firmly linked to the show in the public consciousness?
What design did the BBC use in merchandising associated with Doctor Who?
What was the idea of a police box?
Who filed an objection to the trade mark claim in 1998?
When did the Patent Office rule in favour of the BBC?
How many seasons did Doctor Who run on BBC One?
When did Doctor Who run for 26 seasons on BBC One?
How many episodes did The Daleks' Master Plan air?
What is the name of the Time Lord?
What is the theme of season 20?
In what year did the serial format change?
How long are self-contained episodes?
On what day is an extended episode broadcast?
What episode from 2008 and The Eleventh Hour from 2010 exceeded an hour in length?
When did "The Eleventh Hour" begin?
How many Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963?
How long have Doctor Who episodes been televised since 1963?
How many Christmas specials have been televised since 1963?
How many Christmas specials have been televised since 1963?
In what year did the Doctor Who specials range from 60 to 75 minutes?
Who were the first two Doctors?
Between 1964 and what year were large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries destroyed?
How many seasons are missing in the BBC's archives?
When did the practice of wiping tapes and destroying "spare" film copies stop?
When were large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries destroyed?
Where have some episodes been returned to the BBC?
Who made early colour videotape recordings off-air?
What is the name of Marco Polo's story?
What type of film were excerpts filmed from the television screen on?
Who made tape recordings of the show?
Who released "Official" reconstructions on VHS?
What animation studio reconstructed the missing episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion?
When was The Invasion reconstructed?
Who animated the missing episodes of The Reign of Terror?
When was The Invasion DVD released?
What did producers introduce to allow the recasting of the main character?
When was the actual term "regeneration" originally conceived of?
Who was the star of the original star?
What was Hartnell's Doctor's third on-screen regeneration?
What did the Second Doctor undergo?
How many times does a Time Lord regenerate?
How many incarnations can a Time Lord regenerate?
What episode depicted the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations?
What two serials would establish that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times for a total of 13 incarnations?
In what year did the TV film establish that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times?
Who guest-starred as the War Doctor in 2013?
What was John Hurt's 50th anniversary special?
Who portrayed the Valeyard?
What is another example of the Valeyard?
Who were the Doctors in the mini-episode "The Night of the Doctor" shown to have been retroactively inserted into the show's fictional chronology?
Who was John Hurt's Tenth Doctor?
What 1973 film did William Hartnell return with Jon Pertwee?
Who appeared in previously unseen footage from the Shada episode?
Where does the First Doctor encounter himself in the story?
What was the 50th anniversary special episode of 2013?
Who appeared together in The Sirens of Time?
What was the name of the audio drama that featured Paul McGann, Colin Baker, Sylvester McCoy and Peter Davison?
Who appeared in The Four Doctors?
Who appeared together in The Sirens of Time?
When did Zagreus celebrate its 40th anniversary?
What episode clarified that Eleventh Doctor was the product of the twelfth regeneration?
In what book was the First Doctor believed to have not been the first incarnation?
In what film did the Fifth Doctor confirm that he was currently in his fifth incarnation?
What is the name of the Eleventh Doctor?
When was Mawdryn Undead published?
What is the name of the first serial of the programme?
Who is the Doctor's granddaughter?
In what year did the Ninth Doctor think he was the last surviving Time Lord?
What was the name of the planet that the Ninth Doctor thought he was the last surviving Time Lord?
In what (2007), when asked if he had a brother, he replied, "No, not any more."
What is the companion figure?
What is the only story from the original series in which the Doctor travels alone?
Who was the first companion seen on the screen?
Who were Barbara Wright and Ian Chesterton's first companions seen on screen?
Who was one of the companions from the earlier series?
Who does the Doctor travel with since the 2005 revival?
Who were the primary companion figures of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors?
Who was the first to travel with a married couple?
Who is the Doctor's newest traveling companion?
Who was Donna Noble?
Who reintroduced the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks?
In what series did Russell T Davies reintroduce the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks?
In what series did Russell T Davies reintroduce the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks?
In what series did Russell T Davies reintroduce the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks?
What is the name of the 50th Anniversary Special?
Who first appeared in the show's second serial in 1963?
Where are the Daleks located?
What is their chief role in the series plot?
Who mutated the Daleks?
What is the main weakness of Dalek?
Who is the Doctor's archenemy?
Who wants to rule the universe?
Who played The Master in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who?
Who was the first character to appear in 1971?
Who was the first of the Doctor's actors?
Who provided the character's re-introduction in the 2007 episode "Utopia"?
What episode did Derek Jacobi re-introduce in 2007?
When was "Dark Water" revealed?
What was the name of the female incarnation of the Master?
Who plays this incarnation?
Who composed the original theme?
What was Delia Derbyshire a member of?
What technique was used to create tape loops of an individually struck piano string?
How many seasons did the Derbyshire theme tune up to the end of the season?
What did Grainer ask on hearing the final result?
Who recorded a different arrangement for season 18 (1980)?
Who replaced Peter Howell's arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord?
What era did Keff McCulloch provide the new arrangement for?
Who provided a new arrangement that featured samples from the 1963 original with further elements added?
What Christmas episode did Murray Gold introduce a modified closing credits arrangement?
What Christmas special episode introduced a new arrangement of the theme?
What radio station charted the theme tune in 2011?
What year did Gold return as composer for the Christmas special episode?
What number did Classic FM's Hall of Fame chart in 2011?
Who introduced a new arrangement of the theme in the 2007 Christmas special episode?
Who played the Third Doctor?
Who released a disco version of the Doctor Who theme in 1978?
What number did Mankind reach in the UK charts in 1978?
What song was released under the name The Timelords?
What song was released under the name The Timelords?
Who was the most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years?
What was Simpson's first Doctor Who score?
In what years did Simpson write music?
What story did Simpson end with in 1979?
Where did he make a cameo appearance?
Who performed all the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
Who performed all the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
When was a Doctor Who Prom celebrated?
What is the name of the mini-episode that featured David Tennant?
Who composed all the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
How many soundtrack releases have been released since 2005?
In what series were the first tracks featured?
What was the fourth disc special edition of The Next Doctor to End of Time?
What was the soundtrack for the 2010 Christmas special called?
When was the soundtrack for Series 5 released?
What logo was used for the First Doctor?
What had the "DW" TARDIS insignia removed?
What is the primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors?
What year was the logo used for the Third Doctor's final season?
When was the logo used for the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor" reused?
When was the first episode of Doctor Who premiered?
Doctor Who has always appeared on what channel?
When did Tom Baker draw more than 12 million people?
When was the first Daleks period?
On what channel are Doctor Who episodes repeated?
When did viewership peaked at 16 million?
What was the BBC Board of Control's 1989 suspension?
What was the most popular soap opera at the time?
What was Coronation Street?
What was the third notable period of high ratings?
How many stations did The Five Doctors start on?
In what country did the 1988 story Silver Nemesis air back to back on TVNZ?
Where was the 1996 television film premiered?
How long before the 1996 television film premiered?
When did the 1983 20th anniversary special begin?
Who first run the show in Australia?
What did the ABC provide for the 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors?
On what channel did SF shut down the classic and modern series?
What is the ABC's weekly screenings of all available classic episodes starting in 2003?
The ABC broadcasts the modern series first run on what ABC1?
When did TVOntario pick up the show?
What series did TVOntario start with in 1976?
What cable channel did the series move to in 2009?
What story was later broadcast on YTV in the 1990s?
Who would introduce TVO airings from 1979 to 1981?
Who recorded special video introductions for each episode?
What was played over the closing credits for the Canadian broadcast?
What was Billie Piper's special video introduction for the Canadian broadcast?
When did CBC begin airing series two?
When did the CFL double header happen?
Where are BBC Video serials on sale?
How many original series serials have been released on Laserdisc?
What episode of Doctor Who was released on VCD?
What story was released in July 2013?
When is Spearhead from Space released?
Who played Doctor Who and Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday?
What is the name of the play played by Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker?
What stage play was written by Terry Nation?
In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role of Trevor Martin in what series?
Who played Cybermen?
What is an anagram of "Doctor Who"?
When did BBC Three debut?
When was Torchwood aired?
What story was set largely in London?
What was the name of the fourth series of Starz's series?
Who starred in The Sarah Jane Adventures?
When did the Sarah Jane Adventures begin?
In what year did David Tennant appear as the Tenth Doctor?
In what year did Matt Smith appear as the Eleventh Doctor?
What was the cause of the death of Elisabeth Sladen?
What charity special was produced for Children in Need in 1993?
What charity was Dimensions in Time produced in 1993?
What soap opera featured a crossover with?
What did the Pulfrich effect require?
What effect required glasses with one darkened lens?
What special special was made for Comic Relief in 1999?
How many segments was the parody of the television series split into?
Who is the Doctor?
Who played Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and whom?
What was Steven Moffat's role in the script?
What is Star Trek: The Next Generation called?
What are the Family Guy episodes?
What character was created by Doctor Who executive producer Russell T. Davies?
Who is portrayed as a Doctor Who collector and enthusiast?
What adult fantasy novels have references to Doctor Who appeared in?
What was the name of the earliest narrated abridgement of the first Doctor television story released in 1966?
How long was The Chase narrated?
What were the four Doctors featured in the first original Doctor Who audio?
When was the fourth Doctor story State of Decay published?
What was the first radio drama broadcast in 1988?
What were the earliest Doctors?
What was the name of the first time Big Finish created stories featuring the Doctors?
Who has released several different series of Doctor Who audio on CD since 1999?
When did Big Finish Productions release several different series of Doctor Who audio?
When did Tom Baker's fourth doctor appear for Big Finish?
In what year were the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures published?
When have Doctor Who books been published?
When was a Doctor Who Magazine published?
Who publishes the Doctor Who Adventures magazine?
Who has published a new range of novels since the relaunch of the programme in 2005?
When did BBC Television create the Doctor Who character?
Who created the Doctor Who character?
Who expressed distaste for the idea?
Who produces television episodes that continue to be produced by?
In what year was the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series?
In what year did Russell T Davies win the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series?
In what year did Matt Smith become the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award for Best Actor?
Who became the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for Missy?
What award did Michelle Gomez receive for her work as Missy?
Where is the show listed as the longest running science fiction television show in the world?
Who did the Peabody Awards honor in 2013?
What type of music did BBC Radiophonic Workshop produce?
In what year did the Peabody Awards honor Doctor Who?
What is the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama?
What series won a Writers Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial in 1975?
Who was voted the "Best Popular Drama" the BBC had ever produced?
In 2000, Doctor Who was ranked what in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century?
Who conducted the survey of "The Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever?"
How many s of EastEnders and Casualty were on BBC television in 1996?
Which BAFTA TV award has ever been nominated?
How many BAFTA TV Awards did BAFTA win?
How many wins did BAFTA Cymru win?
When was Doctor Who voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s?
What award was the episode "Vincent and the Doctor" shortlisted for?
How many times has the Short Form of the Hugo Award won?
How many awards has Doctor Who been nominated for?
How many awards has Doctor Who won?
Who won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television awards?
What was the winning episode of "The Empty Child"?
Who spoofed Doctor Who?
Who impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series?
What does Spike Milligan throw at his bathroom?
What fandom has been lampooned on Saturday Night Live?
In what series does Jon Culshaw impersonate the Fourth Doctor?
What is the University of Chicago?
When was The College established?
How many professional schools does The College have?
How many academic research divisions is The College?
How many students enroll in the College?
What have University of Chicago scholars played a major role in the development of?
Who helped develop the world's first man-made nuclear reaction?
Where did Chicago's physics department help develop the first man-made nuclear reaction?
What is the largest university press in the US?
What is the completion date for the Barack Obama Presidential Center?
Who founded the University of Chicago?
Who was the wealthiest man in history?
Who became the first president of the University of Chicago in 1891?
When did William Rainey Harper become Chicago's first president?
When were the first classes held?
Who donated land to the University of Chicago?
Who provided the funds for the original campus' first building?
What was the name of the first building on the campus that was financed by wealthy Chicagoans like Silas B. Cobb?
What was Marshall Field's pledge of?
Who was the trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Commons?
How many regional colleges did the University of Chicago affiliated with in the 1890s?
When was Shimer College affiliated?
What did the University of Chicago agree to confer a degree on?
What program passed into history by 1910?
When did the program pass into history?
Who was the university's fifth president in 1929?
What did Hutchins institute in order to emphasize academics over athletics?
What did Hutchins do to eliminate varsity football?
How long did Robert Maynard Hutchins take office?
When did Robert Maynard Hutchins take office?
In what decade did student applications decline?
In the early 1950s, student applications declined as what?
When were students enrolled at Shimer transferred to the University of Chicago?
In what neighborhood did student applications decline in the early 1950s?
What did the early entrant program allow very young students to attend?
When did students occupy President George Beadle's office?
What was the Kalven Report?
When was the Kalven Report published?
What is the report of the university's policy in social and political action?
What are the two-page statement of the university's policy in?
When did the university begin a number of multimillion-dollar expansion projects?
What institute did the University of Chicago announce in 2008?
How much will the Chicago Theological Seminary cost?
Where will the institute occupy?
Who donated $300 million to the Booth School of Business?
What are the first buildings of the University of Chicago campus now known as?
How many quadrangles do the Main Quadrangles consist of?
Who designed the Main Quadrangles?
What is the name of the 'Mitchell Tower'?
What does Hutchinson Hall replicate?
When did the Gothic style on campus give way to modern styles?
Who was contracted to develop a second master plan?
What is the name of the university's building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe?
What is the home of Edward Durrell Stone?
When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center updated?
Where does Booth School of Business maintain campuses?
Where is the Center located?
When did the University of Chicago open a center in Beijing?
Where did the University of Chicago open a center in Beijing?
When did Hong Kong open?
Who governs the University of Chicago?
How many members is the Board of Trustees?
How many Vice Presidents are under the President?
Who is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees?
Who is the President of the University?
Who accredited the university?
How many divisions of graduate research are there at the University of Chicago?
How many professional schools do the academic bodies of the University of Chicago consist of?
How many academic majors does the College of the University of Chicago grant?
How many minors do the College of the University of Chicago grant?
How many divisions are the college's academics divided into?
What is the name of the five divisions in the college's academics?
What is the university's core curriculum known as?
How many students were in the Core classes at Chicago in 2012-2013?
What does UChicago claim to provide?
According to what university in the USA, what is the name of UChicago that can most convincingly claim to provide the most rigorous, intense learning experience?
What is the name of the private day school for K-12 students?
What is the residential treatment program for those with behavioral and emotional problems?
How many public charter schools are located on the South Side of Chicago?
How many public charter schools are located on the South Side of Chicago?
Where is the Hyde Park Day School located?
How many libraries are in the University of Chicago Library system?
How many volumes does the University of Chicago Library contain?
What is the university's main library?
When was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library built?
How many volumes are in the John Crerar Library?
How many research institutes does the university operate?
How many research centers are on campus?
What is a museum and research center for Near Eastern studies owned and operated by the university?
What is Argonne National Laboratory's joint stake?
Where is the Apache Point Observatory located?
In economics, the university has played an important role in what?
What was the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction?
What chemical experiment tested how life originated on early Earth?
When was REM sleep discovered?
In what year did the University offer a doctorate in music composition?
When did Cinema & Media study?
When did Cinema & Media studies begin?
When did theater & performance studies begin?
How many major and non-major undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in the College in the fall quarter of 2014?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in its four graduate divisions?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in its professional schools?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in the fall quarter of 2014?
How many students were female in the 2012 Spring Quarter?
What association does the Maroons compete in the NCAA Division III?
What division does the Maroons compete in?
What conference was the university a founding member of?
Who became the first winner of the Heisman Trophy?
Who de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939?
How many clubs do students at the University of Chicago run?
What are students at the University of Chicago's clubs and organizations known as?
Which extracurricular group has won 118 tournaments and 15 national championships?
What is the longest continuously running student film society in the nation?
What is the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe?
Who are elected to represent members of their respective academic unit?
Who is the President of the Student Life Committee?
How many Vice Presidents is the Executive Committee chaired by?
What is the annual budget of its budget?
How many fraternities are there at the University of Chicago?
How many sororities are at the University of Chicago?
What is the co-ed community service fraternity?
What is the co-ed community service fraternity?
How many of the sororities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council?
When has the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt held?
When was the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt held?
What festival takes over campus for 7-10 days of exhibitions and interactive artistic endeavors?
What is the name of the winter festival that is held every January?
What is the name of the summer carnival that hosts outside musicians?
Who is the CEO of Microsoft?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who is the former Governor of New Jersey?
Who wrote the first management accounting textbook?
Who is the founder of modern community organizing?
Who is the top political advisor to President Bill Clinton?
Who is the Attorney General and federal judge?
Who is the Governor of the Bank of Japan?
Who was the Prohibition agent?
Who wrote the New York Times bestseller "The Closing of the American Mind"?
Who is an American writer and satirist?
Who is the author of the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall?
Who is the author of The Good War?
Who is the Pulitzer Prize winning novelist?
Who is a minimalist composer in the arts and entertainment?
Who is Bungie founder and developer of the Halo video game series?
What video game series is Alex Seropian?
Who is the star of the film Life Itself?
Who is the film director and screenwriter of Life Itself?
Who is a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life?
Who is the NASA astronaut known for "Hubble's Law?"
Who is Jeannette Piccard?
Who was the founder of the Hamming Code?
Who developed the uranium-lead dating method into lead-lead dating?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who was the Nobel laureate in economics?
Who is the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who is known for his work on portfolio theory, asset pricing and stock market behaviour?
Who is best known for discovering the fossil of a female hominid australopithecine known as "Lucy" in the Afar Triangle region?
Who is the chess grandmaster?
Who is the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council?
Who invented the Compton Effect?
Who was the creator of the first nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi?
Who was the creator of the first nuclear reactor?
Who was one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century?
Who is the youngest American winner of the Nobel Prize Tsung-Dao Lee?
Who was the Egyptologist who was the founder of McKinsey & Co.?
Who was the mathematician of James Henry Breasted?
Who was the meteorologist who was a Nobel Prize winning economist?
Who was the developer of the actinide concept?
Who are cancer researchers?
Who is the current governor of India's central bank?
Who was Hank Paulson's former Chairman and CEO?
Who is the Shakespeare scholar?
Who are the renowned political scientists?
Who are the paleontologists currently employed by Marshall Sahlins?
What is the name of the Yuan dynasty?
What was the name of the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan officially declare the dynasty?
What empire is the Yuan dynasty considered a successor to?
What dynasty did the Yuan dynasty follow?
What dynasty did the Yuan dynasty preced?
Who was the official founder of the dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan establish the Yuan dynasty?
In what section is Qián the Primal?
What was the counterpart in Mongolian language?
What is the word for "Yeke Mongghul Ulus"?
What is the Yuan known as?
What tribes did Genghis Khan united?
When did Genghis Khan become Great Khan?
Who was the third son of Genghis?
When did Möngke Khan succeed Güyük?
Who did gedei offer Kublai a position in Xingzhou, Hebei?
Who did Khitan and Han Chinese defect to the Mongols to fight against?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
How many troops were there in each Tumen?
How many Tumens did the Khitan Xiao Zhala command?
Who lived in the Jin dynasty?
What dynasty did Shi Tianze live in?
Between Han and Jurchen was interethnic marriage common at this time?
Who was Shih Ping-chih?
What dynasty did Chagaan and Zhang Rou attack?
Who commenced a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
Where did Möngke Khan start a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
When did he die?
Who was Kublai's brother?
What Chinese era name did Zhongtong adopt?
What is the name of's'?
Where did the hostile but weakened Song dynasty remain an obstacle?
Who was the ruler of Korea?
Where did Kublai secure the border?
When did Li Tan instigate a revolt against Mongol rule?
What was Kublai's government a compromise between?
What structure did the Imperial Secretariat leave unchanged?
Who occupyed the lowest rank of the Yuan society?
How many classes did Kublai divide Yuan society into?
What are the traditional monopolies on?
Where did Kublai move the Mongol capital to Khanbaliq?
Where did Kublai move the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia?
When did Kublai read the move of the Mongol capital to Khanbaliq?
What is the former Jurchen capital?
What ritual evoked Khublai's image as a sage emperor?
What type of growth did Kublai Khan promote?
What was Pax Mongolica?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal?
Who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China?
Who was the Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou?
When was the Jin dynasty established?
When was the Jin dynasty established?
Who remained in Qufu as Duke Yansheng?
How many of Confucius's descendants are in Quzhou?
Where did Kublai strengthen his government?
When did Kublai besieged Xiangyang?
What river basin did Kublai besieged between 1268 and 1273?
Where was Kublai's Song capital?
What happened to the last Song emperor?
When did Kublai's government face financial difficulties?
What caused Kublai's second invasion of Japan to fail?
Who defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Bch ng?
When did the Tran dynasty defeat the Mongols?
When was the Battle of Bch ng?
When did Dali die?
Who was the Crown Prince?
When did Kublai die?
Who was Temür Khan?
When did Temür Khan reign?
Who was the fourth Yuan emperor?
What did the Yuan emperor do after the reign of Kublai?
Who mentored the Confucian academic?
What was the name of the liquidation that led to the execution of five of the highest-ranking officials?
When were the imperial examinations reintroduced for prospective officials?
Who was Ayurbarwada's son and successor?
When did Emperor Gegeen Khan rule?
Who was the newly appointed grand chancellor?
What is the name of the Da Yuan Tong Zhi?
How many princes were involved in Gegeen's coup?
When did Yesün Temür die?
What was the civil war against Ragibagh known as?
How long did Kusala die?
Who recalled Tugh Temür to Khanbaliq?
Who was recalled to Khanbaliq by the Qipchaq commander El Temür?
What is Tugh Temür known for?
What was the name of the first Chinese academy?
When was the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature first established?
What was the name of the compendium of the academy?
What did Tugh Temür support Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism?
When did Tugh Temür die?
Who was Rinchinbal?
How many years did Tugh Temür die?
How many successors did Kublai Khan have?
What dynasties were completed in 1345?
What were the final years of the Yuan dynasty marked by?
Who saw Kublai Khan's successors as too Chinese?
How were China torn by dissension and unrest?
What ravaged the country without interference from the weakening Yuan armies?
What was China uninterested in?
When did people in the countryside suffer from natural disasters?
What was the name of the Rebellion that started in 1351?
What did Toghun Temür dismiss in 1354?
Who did Toghtogha crush in 1354?
When did the Mng dynasty approach the forces of the Mng dynasty?
What promoted trade between East and West?
What produced a fair amount of cultural exchange?
Who was the Yuan dynasty's ally and subordinate in Persia?
What Eastern crops were either introduced or successfully popularized during the Yuan dynasty?
What type of musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts?
Who enjoyed a period of toleration?
Who endured persecutions in favor of Buddhism from the Yuan government?
Who reinstated governmental practices and examinations based on the Classics?
In what fields were advancements made?
Who was the most famous traveler of the period?
What is the capital of the Great Khan?
What is Il milione known in English as?
What is the name of the account of Marco Polo's travels?
What did some suggest Marco Polo acquired much of his knowledge?
Who was Kublai Khan's astronomer?
What was Guo Shoujing's accuracy of the lunisolar calendar?
How were granaries ordered to provide against possible famines?
What city was rebuilt with new palace grounds?
What is the major food crop in China?
Who ruled all of China in the Yuan dynasty?
What are Mongols widely known to worship?
What dynasty is considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Yuan dynasty and the Ming dynasty?
What dynasty is considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Song dynasty and the Yuan dynasty?
What did the Chinese consider the Yuan dynasty?
Who reflected the culture of Kublai Khan?
What dynasties did the Chinese-style elements of the bureaucracy come from?
Who gave strong influence to Kublai's early court?
What division of authority did Zhongshu Sheng adopt?
Where did the Chinese government adopt the traditional Chinese tripartite division of authority?
Where did the real military authority reside in Yuan times?
When were the Six Ministries introduced?
Who had separate courts of justice?
What was the insignificance of the Chinese dynasties?
When was the 'Phags-pa script invented?
What languages were used in the 'Phags-pa script?
How could most of the Emperors converse well in the language?
Who was the mother of a Tangut concubine?
Who wrote poetry, painted, read Chinese classical texts?
When did commoners sell their children into slavery?
In what year did Kublai ban the sale of Mongols?
What was eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty?
What are some of the areas of the arts in the Mongol era?
What were many of the artists practicing these different pursuits at this time?
What dynasty and the Yuan dynasty are linked together?
What was the main development of Yuan poetry?
The incorporation of poetry both classical and newer qu form was one of the key factors in the mix of what variety show?
What khanates did the Yuan dynasty never convert to Islam?
What did Kublai Khan prefer?
What religion was established as the de facto state religion?
What is the name of the top-level department and government agency?
What sect of Tibetan Buddhism did Kublai Khan only honor?
When was Zhu Shijie born?
When did Zhu Shijie solve simultaneous equations?
What is a rectangular array of coefficients equivalent to?
What algebra was made by mathematicians during the Yuan era?
When was the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns written?
Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars?
What formula did Gou use for his calculations?
What was the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty?
What is the Shoushi Li calendar?
When was the Shoushi Li disseminated as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty?
What were Healers divided into?
What did the Mongols use to distinguish otachi doctors from the spiritual cures of shamanism?
What did the Mongols distinguish otachi doctors by using herbal remedies?
What did Kublai create to manage medical treatises?
Why were Confucian scholars attracted to the medical profession?
How many schools were based on the same intellectual foundation?
What did the Yuan inherit from the Jin dynasty?
Who brought along military campaigns by the Mongols?
What medical techniques were transmitted westward to the Middle East and the rest of the empire?
When was Wei Yilin born?
What was Western medicine sometimes labeled as?
Who founded the Office of Western Medicine?
When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?
Why did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
What philosophy did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
Who transferred Chinese printing technology to the Mongols?
What is the name of a Yuan document?
When was the earthenware movable type of Wang Zhen's Nong Shu invented?
Who is gedei's wife?
When did the Mongols create the Imperial Library Directorate?
What was one of the most notable applications of printing technology?
Chao were made from what?
When did the Yuan government switch to bronze plates?
What did the Yuan government use to print paper money?
When did the Il-khanate government issue paper money?
What was the result of a compromise between Mongolian and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system?
What was the result of a compromise between Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the system of government created by Kublai Khan?
What were the Semuren?
What coloration did the Yuan regime have?
Where did Persians reach the highest-post in the government?
What Muslim population did the Mongols import to serve as administrators in China?
Who were sent from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia?
Where did the Mongols move Han Chinese to?
What did the Mongols work as?
Who was the Mongol appointed Governor of Samarqand?
What did the Yuan Emperors discriminate against Muslims?
What did the Yuan Emperors do for Jews?
Who was the Ming founder?
What could a Chinese surname mean?
Who revolted against the Yuan dynasty in the Ispah Rebellion?
Who wrote that the use of the term "social classes" was misleading?
What did Mote say people were entitled to institutionally and legally?
What kind of Chinese were there in the four-class system?
Who was ill treated?
What Chinese were ranked higher?
Which Chinese was ranked lower because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in?
Why were the Northern Chinese ranked lower?
What was the higher the Mongols were placed?
What were the favorable conditions for major commerce during this era?
Who was the King of Qocho ranked higher than the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler?
Who was the Uighur King of Qocho ranked higher than?
Who objected when the Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans?
What did the Uighurs surrender peacefully without violently resisting?
What was considered the most important region of the dynasty?
Who governed the Central Region at Khanbaliq?
Where was the Central Secretariat located?
Where was the Central Secretariat at Khanbaliq located?
Who was the Central Secretariat?
What country is Kenya a founding member of the East African Community?
What is Kenya's founding member of?
What is the city's capital?
What country bordered the country to the south?
How many people lived in Kenya in July 2014?
What climate does Kenya have on its Indian Ocean coastline?
What is the climate in Nairobi?
Where is the savannah grasslands closer to?
Along what border are north-eastern regions arid and semi-arid?
What is Kenya known for?
When was the African Great Lakes region inhabited by humans?
When did the Bantu expansion reach the area from West-Central Africa?
What groups of people constitute around 97% of the nation's residents?
When did European exploration of the interior begin?
When did Kenya obtain independence?
What is the Republic of Kenya named after?
Which words mean "God's resting place" in all three languages?
What does the Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words mean in all three languages?
What were the names of Ludwig Krapf?
What did others say that was a very precise notation of a correct African pronunciation?
Who created a map of Mt. Kenia in 1882?
When did Joseph Thompsons draw a map of Mt. Kenia?
What game animals of Africa can be found in Kenya and in the Masai Mara?
What are the "Big Five" game animals of Africa?
Where can the "Big Five" game animals of Africa be found?
When does the annual animal migration occur?
How much distance do two million wildebeest migrate from the Serengeti to the Masai Mara in Kenya?
How many years ago did primates roam the area?
Where did Homo habilis live?
Who discovered the Turkana Boy?
How old is the Turkana Boy?
Who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill?
Who built Mombasa into a major port city?
Where did the Swahili build into a major port city?
Who claimed that "Mombasa is a place of great traffic and has a good harbour in which there are always moored small craft of many kinds and also great ships"?
What has played host to many merchants and explorers?
What is one of the cities that line the Kenyan coast?
When did Swahili settle?
When was the outbreak of World War I?
Who agreed a truce to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities?
Who took control of the German military forces?
What did von Lettow do?
Where was the Armistice signed in 1918?
What area was home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people?
What type of people lived in the Kikuyu highlands?
What did the settlers do to protect their interests?
How many white settlers lived in Kenya in the 1950s?
When was Warhi Itote captured?
What did the capture of Warhi Itote lead to?
When did Operation Anvil begin?
How many people were killed by the Home Guard by the end of the emergency?
What was the most important of the Swynnerton Plan?
When did the first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council take place?
Who formed a government?
When did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya end?
When did the Protectorate of Kenya end?
Under what name did Kenya become a republic?
What was the mlolongo system?
What was the climax of a very undemocratic regime?
Who won re-election in 1992 and 1997?
Kenya is what?
Who is the President?
Who exercises executive power?
Where is Legislative power vested?
Who is independent of the executive and the legislature?
What ranks Kenya on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index?
What does Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index attempt to do?
In 2012, where did the nation rank in the CPI?
What is the name of the EACC?
Under which party did President Kibaki run for re-election?
What opposition party did Kibaki run for re-election?
When did Kibaki overtake his opponent?
Which ODM candidate tightened the race between Kibaki and Raila?
What did the government and civil society organisations start since the election riots?
Who initiated community dialogues?
What church in Kenya started peace meetings?
What is the name of the process that was started by the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission?
On what date did Kibaki and Odinga sign an agreement on the formation of a coalition government?
What was Odinga Kenya's second prime minister?
Where would the president appoint cabinet ministers?
Depending on the strength of the PNU and ODM camps, what would the president appoint ministers from?
After debates, what would the coalition hold until the end of the current Parliament?
Who will be the leader of the party or coalition with majority members in Parliament?
Who brought together the former rivals to the signing ceremony?
Where did Annan and Jakaya Kikwete live on national television?
When did representatives of PNU and ODM begin working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement?
What did Odinga's ODM and Kibaki's PNU share power?
What would a constitutional change be considered to do?
When was a referendum to vote on the proposed constitution held?
What does the new constitution give Kenyans?
When was it promulgated?
What was the name of the new constitution?
When did Uhuru Kenyatta sign a Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What did Uhuru Kenyatta support the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Who criticised the security bill?
What did Opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries criticize the security bill?
Who issued a press statement that cautioned about the law's potential impact?
What did President Barack Obama choose not to visit the country during his African trip?
Who chose not to visit Kenya during his mid-2013 African trip?
What country did Kenyatta visit in the summer?
When did Obama visit Kenya?
Where are the armed forces regularly deployed?
What engulfed the country after the elections of December 2007?
What have been serious allegations of?
What country has been tainted by corruption allegations?
Why have the operations of the armed forces been cloaked?
What were allegations of corruption made about recruitment and procurement of Armoured Personnel Carriers in 2010?
What has been publicly questioned?
What is Kenya's Human Development Index?
What country is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa?
What percentage of Kenyans lived on as of 2005?
What is Kenya usually classified as?
How has East and Central Africa's biggest economy boosted the service sector?
What is an important catalyst of economic growth for under-developed economies?
What is the smallest sector?
What percentage of GDP is employed by the unreliable agricultural sector?
How much of Kenya's GDP contributes to Kenya's services sector?
What is Kenya's services sector dominated by?
What has the tourism sector exhibited in most years since independence?
What are tourists attracted to in the East and West Tsavo National Park?
What countries have the largest number of tourists?
What percentage of GDP did agriculture account for in 2005?
What are the principal cash crops?
What is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product?
What is the production of major food staples such as corn subject to?
Who led the consortium that helped farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties?
What type of peas can be grown in areas with less than 650 mm annual rainfall?
Successive projects encouraged the commercialisation of legumes?
How much did the work help increase local producer prices in Nairobi and Mombasa?
What is the commercialisation of the pigeon pea now?
Where are tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat grown?
What are grown in the fertile highlands?
Where does livestock predominate?
How much of the population lives below the poverty line?
What initiative was last seen by the Red Cross in August and September 2011?
Which country is the most industrially developed in the African Great Lakes region?
How much of Kenya's GDP does manufacturing account for?
What are the three largest urban centres of industrial activity?
What does Jua Kali do?
What has given a boost to manufacturing in Kenya?
When did the AGOA take effect?
The largest share of Kenya's electricity supply comes from what?
The largest share of Kenya's electricity supply comes from hydroelectric stations at dams along what river?
When was Kenya Electricity Generating Company established?
Where has Kenya proven deposits of oil?
How much oil reserves does Tullow Oil estimate Kenya's oil reserves?
What is continuing to determine if there are more reserves?
How much of the import bill does petroleum account for?
How much did China's investment in Kenya reach in 2012?
What is China's largest source of foreign direct investment in Kenya?
What did China hope to gain from Kenyatta?
What company shipped its first major consignment of minerals to China?
What have China caused?
What is the name of the economic development programme that Kenya hopes will put Kenya in the same league as the Asian Economic Tigers by the year 2030?
What is Vision 2030?
What was the name of the plan that was launched in 2013?
What was omitting climate as a key development issue in Vision 2030?
What will be a central issue in the renewed Medium Term Plan that will be launched in the coming months?
How are most working children active?
What percentage of girls in Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi and Diani were subject to prostitution?
How old are most prostitutes in Kenya?
What are the causes of child labour?
How do Kenya's ethnic groups speak their mother tongues?
What two official languages are used in varying degrees of fluency for communication with other populations?
In commerce, schooling and government, how is English widely spoken?
Where is British English primarily used?
What religion do Kenyans have?
What religion does Kenyans consider themselves to be?
How many followers does the Presbyterian Church of East Africa have?
Where is the only Jewish synagogue located?
What percentage of nonreligious minorities are nonreligious?
How much of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region?
What are western areas of the Coast Region?
How many Hindus live in Kenya?
Who treat 80% of the population who visit dispensaries, health centres and private clinics in rural and under-served urban areas?
Who are referred to complicated cases?
How many qualified nurses were registered in Kenya in 2011?
How many nurses were registered in Kenya in 2011?
What directly correlates with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution?
How many Kenyans live below the poverty level?
What are the major child-killers responsible for?
What are largely to blame for diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition?
How many malaria cases did Kenya have in 2006?
Who introduced Kenya's first system of education?
When was Kenya's independence?
What authority was formed after Kenya's independence?
The commission focused on identity and unity, which were critical issues at the time?
What system was adopted between 1964 and 1985?
What was the Presidential Working Party on the Second University commissioned to do in 1981?
What type of system did the committee recommend that the 7–4–2–3 system be changed to?
What type of system did the committee recommend that the 7–4–2–3 system be changed to?
When did the last batch of students graduate from Kenyan Universities?
When was the 8-4-4 system launched?
What did the new structure put more emphasis on?
What is the assumption that the new structure would enable school drop-outs at all levels to be self-employed or to secure employment in the informal sector?
When did Kenya announce the introduction of free primary education?
What percentage of secondary and tertiary education enrolment has not increased proportionally?
At what age does basic formal education start?
How long does basic formal education last in public schools?
What can those who exit at this level do?
Those who complete high school can join a polytechnic or other technical college and study for three years or proceed directly to the university and study for four years?
How much of the population is literacy in the country?
What is the age of the child in Preschool?
What is Preschool?
What does the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education determine at the end of primary education?
What is KCSE?
Who leads the National and Public Library Services?
What is KNLS the body mandated to do?
What is a public library seen as?
Why is a public library viewed as a peoples university?
What sports are Kenya active in?
Why is the country known for its dominance in middle-distance and long-distance athletics?
Which Kenyan athletes continue to dominate the world of distance running?
Which countries have reduced the supremacy of distance running?
How many gold medals did Kenya win during the Beijing Olympics?
What was Kenya's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics?
What prize did Pamela Jelimo win?
Why has there been controversy in Kenyan athletics circles lately?
Why do most defections occur?
Kenya has been a dominant force in what?
What is the most successful team sport?
In what year did they reach the semi-finals of the tournament?
Who is their current captain?
When was the suspension lifted?
What is Kenya home to in the motor rallying arena?
What is Safari Rally commonly acknowledged as?
Who are some of the best rally drivers in the world?
How many meals do Kenyans usually have in a day?
What kind of tea does the chai ya saa nne have?
What type of breakfast is usually boiled sweet potatoes or yams?
What is generally eaten by much of the population for lunch or supper?
Who is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change under the auspices of?
Who established the United Nations Environment Programme in 1988?
What is the goal of the UNFCCC?
What is the main international treaty on climate change?
What resolution endorsed the United Nations General Assembly?
Who is the chairman of the IPCC?
Who is the chair of the IPCC since October 8, 2015?
Who was appointed acting Chair after the resignation of Rajendra K. Pachauri?
Who was the previous chair of Rajendra K. Pachauri?
When was Rajendra K. Pachauri resigned?
Who are the members of the IPCC Panel?
How many government officials attended the 2003 meeting?
How many people attended the 2003 meeting?
How many participants were from governmental organizations?
When was the IPCC Trust Fund established?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What is the name of the UNEP?
What is the organisation required to comply with?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What does the IPCC do not do?
What do IPCC reports assess?
What is the term for "grey literature"?
What are examples of non-peer-reviewed sources?
How many "coordinating lead authors" does a chapter typically have?
How many "lead authors" are in a chapter?
How many "contributing authors" are in a chapter?
Who is responsible for assembling the contributions of the other authors?
Who are the coordinating lead authors responsible for assembling the contributions of the other authors?
What does the executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers say emissions resulting from human activities are?
What does the warming of the Earth's surface mean?
How much of the increased greenhouse effect has CO2 been responsible for?
What scenario predicts that global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade?
What has global mean surface air temperature increased over the last 100 years?
In what year did 16 national science academies issue a joint statement on climate change?
How many national science academies issued a joint statement on climate change in 2001?
What was the joint statement made by the Australian Academy of Science and the Arts?
What percentage of temperatures will continue to rise?
What is the average global surface temperature projected to increase by 2100?
Who has made a number of criticisms of the TAR?
What does Lindzen's criticism of the WGI Summary for Policymakers mean?
Who was co-chair of TAR WGI?
Who was John Houghton?
What does Houghton believe changes to the SPM must be supported by?
What does the preparation and approval process follow for all IPCC Special Reports?
In what year was the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
In what year was the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
Who requested both Special Reports?
What other activities are required under the UNFCCC?
What are factors used to derive emissions estimates?
What are the levels of emissions estimates based on?
Whose resolutions and decisions do the IPCC concentrate on?
What has the IPCC acknowledged?
What did they regret about the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures in this instance?
The date of 2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC from what report?
What is the name of the ICSI report that has misquoted its own source?
Who was Robert Watson's former IPCC chairman?
Robert Watson said the mistakes all seem to have gone in the direction of what?
Who was Martin Parry?
What did Martin Parry say was a clamour without substance?
What were the other alleged mistakes that the IPCC investigated?
When was the third assessment report based?
Who wrote the "hockey stick graph"?
What is the third assessment report referred to as?
Who supported the MBH99 finding?
When was the current warming period exceptional?
Who disputed this finding in May 2000?
Where did Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project hold a press event?
When did the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation hear the graph Wibjörn Karlén and Singer argue against the graph?
What committee hearing was held on 18 July 2000?
Who was the chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce?
Who wrote joint letters with Barton?
When did Joe Barton write joint letters with Ed Whitfield?
Who was chairman of the House Science Committee?
Who was chairman of the House Science Committee?
In what year was the Third Assessment Report published?
When was the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report published?
How many reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
What problem affects tree ring data?
How many reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
When was the last IPCC report published?
What has been proposed in the last IPCC report in 2001?
What was the top end of the range of the IPCC's 2001 projection?
What was above the top of the IPCC projection?
What is another example of scientific research that suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC have actually understated them?
What are the values of the IPCC's Third Assessment Report?
How many cm above 1990 levels?
When was the Third Assessment Report published?
Who was Michael Oppenheimer's lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report?
In what magazine did Michael Oppenheimer concede some limitations of the IPCC consensus approach?
What does Oppenheimer ask for instead of the large scale approach?
What protocol did the Kyoto Protocol fail in case of the Ozone depletion global regulation?
In what case did the Kyoto Protocol fail?
Who follow different, if not opposing goals?
According to what writer's work?
What remains an unsolved problem in the case of the IPCC conclusions and the failure of the Kyoto Protocol?
What was the stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge based on?
Who ordered the Stern Review?
The IPCC operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from what?
What happens between this deadline and publication of an IPCC report?
Who does not carry out its own research?
How many climate scientists wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC?
In what journal was the Fourth Assessment Report published?
What was the idea of tightening the selection of lead authors and contributors?
What did other recommendations include that the panel employ a full-time staff?
What is Chloroplast's main role?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What is ATP and NADPH called?
What is the number of chloroplasts per cell?
How many times are Chloroplasts moved to reproduce?
What factors influence their behavior?
What is thought to be inherited from a photoynthetic cyanobacterium that was engulfed by an early eukaryotic cell?
What is the name of a cyanobacterium that was engulfed by an early eukaryotic cell?
What must be inherited by each daughter cell during cell division?
Where are chloroplasts found?
Who suggested that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria?
Who suggested that chloroplasts resemble cyanobacteria?
When was the origin of chloroplasts first suggested?
Who observed that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria?
What are considered the ancestors of chloroplasts?
What are blue-green algae?
How many cell membranes do bacteria have?
What cell wall is thicker than other gram-negative bacteria?
What are prokaryotes sometimes called?
What cell did a free-living cyanobacterium enter?
When did a free-living cyanobacterium enter an early eukaryotic cell?
What two outermost lipid-bilayer membranes surround all chloroplasts correspond to the outer and inner membranes of the ancestral cyanobacterium's gram negative cell wall?
What type of membrane was probably lost from the host?
Many of the cyanobacterium genes were lost or transferred to the nucleus of the host?
What does plastid mean?
How many chloroplasts belong to?
What is the glaucophyte chloroplast lineage?
What is the name of the chloroplastidan lineage?
What is the one that contains land plants?
What is the alga Cyanophora?
What glaucophyte is thought to be one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast?
What are also known as muroplasts?
What is the icosahedral structure that glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in?
What structure do glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in?
Rhodoplasts have what for photosynthetic pigments?
What are phycobilin pigments organized into on the thylakoid membranes?
What is responsible for giving many red algae their distinctive red color?
What does the red phycoerytherin pigment help red algae?
What is floridean?
What do glaucophyte and red algal chloroplasts lose?
What are some pigments that override the chlorophylls' green colors?
What did chloroplastidan chloroplasts lose between their double membrane?
Where have plants repurposed the genes for the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer?
What does the phycobilisomes contain instead of glaucophyte and red algal chloroplasts?
What type of membrane does primary chloroplasts have from their cyanobacterial ancestor?
What do secondary chloroplasts have?
What happens when a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a chloroplast-containing alga?
What is the phagosomal vacuole from the host's cell membrane?
What did the engulfed alga leave?
Euglenophytes contain what?
What type of protists contain chloroplasts derived from a green alga?
How many thylakoids are pyrenoid and thylakoids?
What is stored in the form of paramylon?
What was lost to the cyanobacterial membranes?
What are a group of algae that contain a red-algal derived chloroplast?
What type of chloroplast does cryptomonads contain?
What resembles the chlorarachniophytes?
Where is starch stored?
How many thylakoids are found in cryptophyte chloroplasts?
What type of parasites are parasitic?
Apicomplexans are another group of what?
What is Plasmodium?
What is an apicoplast called?
What do apicomplexans store their energy?
What do apicoplasts synthesize?
What is the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to cure?
What is the most important apicoplast function?
Apicoplasts contain no what?
How many membranes are bounded by?
What is not found in any other group of chloroplasts?
What is the most common dinophyte chloroplast?
What type of thylakoids are there?
What did the peridinin chloroplast lose?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
How many membranes does the haptophyte chloroplast have?
What would the tertiary endosymbiosis expect to create?
What is a phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What type of chloroplast does Dinophysis have?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What is a diatom?
What do some dinophytes have?
How many membranes are the chloroplasts bounded by?
What is the name of the chloroplast that is bounded by five membranes?
Where is starch found in the diatom endosymbiont?
Where have all nucleomorph genes been transferred to?
What viride was replaced with a green algal derived chloroplast?
What did lepidodinium viride lose?
What did lepidodinium viride replace with?
What did lepidodinium viride replace with?
What is the name of the first set of endosymbiotic events that most chloroplasts originate from?
What is Paulinella chromatophora?
How long is Chromatophore DNA?
How many protein encoding genes does Chromatophore DNA contain?
How many base pairs of DNA is Synechococcus?
What are Chloroplasts often abbreviated as?
What is also known as?
When was the chloroplast DNA first discovered?
When was the chloroplast DNA first sequenced?
Who sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco?
What are highly conserved among land plants?
What do some chloroplast DNAs have lost or flipped inverted repeats?
How do inverted repeats help?
Scientists have attempted to observe chloroplast replication via what?
How many main models have been proposed?
What does the D-loop adopt as it moves through the circular DNA?
What is the theta intermediary form?
What does the D-loop complete replication?
What gradients are there in cpDNA?
When DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events, what happens when it is single stranded?
What does a second theory suggest most cpDNA is actually?
What type of recombination does most cpDNA replicate?
Where is the rest of the genetic material kept?
What type of cpDNA participates in homologous recombination and replication structures?
What type of recombination is most cpDNA?
What type of DNA do cpDNA experiments have?
What do most cpDNA replicates?
What is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages?
What does a chloroplast give evidence for?
What do diatoms now have?
What did the diatom ancestor have at some point?
What did some chloroplast genes find new homes in the mitochondrial genome?
How much of the protein products of transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast?
What new functions did many exaptations take on?
How do you cross to reach the chloroplast from the cytosol?
What is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized on?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
Phosphorylation helps many proteins bind what?
Phosphorylation helps proteins bind the polypeptide, keeping it from folding prematurely?
How are chloroplasts in land plants?
What is the diameter of chloroplasts in land plants?
How thick are chloroplasts in land plants?
What can a single chloroplast be shaped like?
What is Chlamydomonas?
What is often cited as evidence that chloroplasts are surrounded by?
What does the outer chloroplast membrane mean?
How are the chloroplast membranes similar to the cyanobacterium's original double membranes?
What is the chloroplast double membrane often compared to?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used to generate ATP energy?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used to run proton pumps and carry out oxidative phosphorylation across?
What is the only chloroplast structure that can be considered analogous to it?
What regulates metabolite passage and synthesizes some materials?
What are very rare in chloroplasts?
What is a stromule?
What can they exist to increase the chloroplast's surface area for cross-membrane transport?
When were stromules first observed?
Where is it often found?
What has it been found in some C3 angiosperms?
What is a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles?
What is the purpose of the chloroplast's surface area?
What are the small vesicles used to shuttle stuff between?
Chloroplasts use their own ribosomes to what?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What does small subunit ribosomal RNAs in Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts lack?
What is shine-dalgarno sequence recognition considered essential for translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes?
Plastoglobuli are spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins about 45–60 nanometers across?
What type of bubbles are Plastoglobuli?
What are spherical bubbles of?
How many nanometers are spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins?
What is a lipid monolayer surrounded by?
What is a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network?
What does a plastoglobulus exchange its contents with?
What does the majority of plastoglobuli occur in normal green chloroplasts?
What type of plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains?
What contain structures called pyrenoids?
What type of bodies are Pyrenoids?
What is a site of starch accumulation in plants that contain Pyrenoids?
Pyrenoids are a site of what accumulation in plants that contain them?
How can pyrenoids be produced?
In what model does grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes?
What type of thylakoids are in the helical thylakoid model?
How many thylakoids can each granum contain?
How many thylakoids are most common in grana?
What type of thylakoids are wrapped around the grana?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb?
Molecules in the thylakoid membrane use the energized electrons to what?
What is ATP synthase?
How many types of thylakoids are there?
What are granal thylakoids?
What are stromal thylakoids in contact with?
What is the diameter of thylakoids?
What is the diameter of thylakoids?
How many photosynthetic carotenoids are there?
What do bright colors override the chlorophyll green?
What happens when the leaves of some land plants change color?
What is -carotene?
What type of Xanthophylls are commonly found in chloroplasts?
What is the third group of pigments found in cyanobacteria?
What color is glaucophyte, algal, and cryptophyte chloroplasts?
What color does phycoerytherin make?
How many nanometers do phycobilins organize?
How many nanometers are phycobilins?
What does chloroplasts use to fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules?
What does Rubisco have trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen?
Why does rubisco start adding oxygen to sugar precursors?
What cycle uses rubisco?
What is wasted and CO2 released?
What are chloroplasts specialized for in mesophyll cells?
What does chloroplasts lack?
What do chloroplasts use to make ATP and NADPH?
What is CO2 stored in?
What is the job of bundle sheath chloroplasts?
What parts of a plant contain chloroplasts?
What makes the photosynthetic parts of a plant green?
What are the plant cells that contain chloroplasts usually?
Where can chloroplasts be found?
What is known as a chlorenchyma cell?
Where are chloroplasts found in some plants?
Where are chloroplasts found in most plants?
How many chloroplasts do stomatal guard cells contain?
How many chloroplasts can one square millimeter of leaf tissue contain?
Where are chloroplasts found in a leaf?
In what conditions will they spread out in a sheet?
Under what light will plants seek shelter by aligning in vertical columns along the plant cell wall or turning sideways so that light strikes them edge-on?
What damage does this protect them from?
What is the reason why land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of big ones?
What type of organism follows chloroplasts as they move?
How many main immune responses do plants have?
What is the hypersensitive response?
What does systemic acquired resistance mean?
How do chloroplasts stimulate both responses?
What do chloroplasts produce?
What molecules do chloroplasts produce after detecting stress in a cell?
When do chloroplasts begin producing molecules like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species?
What happens to reactive oxygen species?
What are retrograde signals from the chloroplast that regulate gene expression in the nucleus?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What is one of the main functions of the chloroplast?
What are used in photosynthesis?
What is made using light energy?
What do chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+?
What do electrons pump hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space?
How many hydrogen ions are in the thylakoid system?
What does ATP synthase use the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to?
What is ATP synthase called?
Who takes the reenergized electrons?
What is the term for recycled electrons?
Where is Cyclic photophosphorylation common?
Cyclic photophosphorylation is common in C4 plants that need what?
What cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate molecules?
What is the result of 3-phosphoglyceric acid?
What are unstable six-carbon molecules that break down into?
How many G3P molecules are produced leaves the cycle?
What can be linked together to make starch?
Under what conditions can starch grains grow very large?
What can starch grains grow in conditions such as high atmospheric CO2 concentrations?
What can cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts?
What is the side effect of starch grains?
Rubisco can accidentally add O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP?
When can photorespiration occur?
What does this process reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis?
How much carbon can it waste?
What are Chloroplasts in C4 plants notable for?
What does chloroplasts make almost all of a plant cell's amino acids?
What are the sulfur-containing amino acids in a plant cell?
Why is Cysteine synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria?
What is unclear if the organelle carries out the last leg of the pathway?
What is a special type of a plant cell organelle called a plastid?
What are chloroplasts in a plant descended from?
Proplastids are commonly found in an adult plant's apical meristems?
What is more common in Chloroplasts?
What can angiosperm shoots develop into an etioplast stage before becoming chloroplasts?
What is an etioplast?
What is a prolamellar body called?
What do etioplasts have?
What do not require light to form chloroplasts?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for bright colors seen in flowers and fruit?
What are chromoplasts?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for bright colors seen in flowers and fruit?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for bright colors seen in flowers and fruit?
What can turn back into proplastids?
What do the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into?
FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 form a structure called a Z-ring within the chloroplast's stroma?
What does ARC6 form within the chloroplast's stroma?
What does the Z-ring form?
What system manages the placement of the Z-ring?
What are the two PD rings?
How many plastid-dividing rings form?
How many nanometers apart is the filament?
How many nanometers apart is the filament?
What is located in the chloroplast's intermembrane space?
What has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division?
Chloroplasts require exposure to what to complete division?
What type of chloroplasts are found in spinach leaves grown under green light?
Chloroplasts can grow and progress through constriction stages under what?
What can be disseminated by chloroplasts?
What is the result of plastid transformation?
What is the failed containment rate of transplastomic plants?
What is the failed containment rate of tobacco plants?
What does a prime number have?
What is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number called?
What establishes the central role of primes in number theory?
What can any integer greater than 1 be expressed as?
What does the uniqueness of this theorem require excluding 1 as a prime?
What is the property of being prime?
What is a simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number n known as?
What is the AKS primality test that produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical?
What test produces the correct answer in polynomial time?
How many decimal digits is the largest known prime number?
How many primes are there?
Who demonstrated that there are infinitely many primes?
What is the distribution of primes?
What is the first result in the 19th century?
When was the prime number theorem proven?
What is the sum of two primes?
What is Goldbach's conjecture?
What kind of aspect of numbers did the development of number theory focus on?
What type of cryptography is used in information technology?
Prime numbers give rise to various generalizations in other mathematical domains, mainly algebra?
What is not prime?
How many divisors does n have?
What term refers to any prime number greater than 2.
How many prime numbers end in the usual decimal system?
What are multiples of 2?
What number did early Greeks not consider to be a number?
Who listed 1 as the first prime in his correspondence with Leonhard Euler?
Who did Christian Goldbach not agree with?
How many primes did Derrick Norman Lehmer have?
What did mathematicians accept that 1 is not a prime number?
What did Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic not hold as stated?
What would the sieve of Eratosthenes not work correctly?
The relationship of the number to its corresponding value of what function does the number 1 lack?
What is the relationship of the number to its corresponding value of Euler's totient function?
What does the sieve of Eratosthenes produce as output?
What type of papyrus have quite different forms for primes and composites?
Who did the earliest records of the explicit study of prime numbers come from?
What contains important theorems about primes?
What is the name of's'?
The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple method to what?
When did Pierre de Fermat declare Fermat's little theorem?
Who proved Fermat's little theorem?
What are the numbers of Fermat's form?
How many primes did Marin Mersenne look at?
How many numbers did Fermat verify?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n called?
How can a complete list of primes up to be implemented?
What is the integer m that divides n by?
How many divisions are necessary to check the primality of 37?
What is the square root of n?
How many classes can modern primality tests for general numbers n be divided into?
What two main classes can modern primality tests for general numbers n be divided into?
What type of algorithms can modern primality tests for general numbers n be divided into?
What type of algorithms can modern primality tests for general numbers n be divided into?
What is the probability that our number is composite?
What is a very simple example of a probabilistic test?
What is the Fermat primality test?
What are the Carmichael numbers?
What test does Miller-Rabin use to test Fermat primality?
What are the Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and what other test?
What are Sophie Germain primes?
What is p an arbitrary prime?
What test is particularly fast for numbers of this form?
What are the prime numbers of the form 2p  1?
Which primes are of the form 2p  1?
What type of computing have some primes been found using?
When was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search awarded a US$100,000 prize?
What was the prize awarded to the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project in 2009?
Who offers $150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits and 1 billion digits?
What is the interval for possible primes?
What is the largest integer not greater than the number in question?
Who first showed Bertrand's postulate?
What does Bertrand's postulate say there always exists at least one prime number p with?
What does the postulate say there always exists for any natural number n > 3?
What formula is based on?
What is the most common divisor of a and q?
Who asserts that the progression contains infinite primes?
What is the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9?
How many prime numbers do rows contain?
How many prime numbers are there in all other rows?
What function is closely related to prime numbers?
What value would (1) have if there were only finitely many primes?
What does the number of primes exceed?
What does the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + diverge?
What is the basel problem?
When did the unproven Riemann hypothesis date?
What does the unproven Riemann hypothesis say that all zeroes of the -function have real part equal to 1/2?
What happens to the irregularity in the distribution of primes?
What distribution of primes holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What distribution of primes holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
Who asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as sum of two primes?
When was Landau's problems resolved?
For what number has this conjecture been verified?
What does Vinogradov's theorem say that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes?
Who says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime?
What is the difference 2 conjecture?
What is the difference between two primes?
What is a strengthening of the conjecture?
What prime is conjectured there are infinitely many primes of?
Who says that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2.
What theory was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics for a long time?
Which British mathematician prided themselves on doing work that had absolutely no military significance?
When was the vision of prime numbers shattered?
Prime numbers are also used for what?
Prime numbers are also used for what?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, what is 1/p always?
What is the period of p  1?
What is divisible by p?
What is divisible by n?
What is the fraction 1/p expressed in base q?
What public-key cryptography algorithms are based on large prime numbers?
What public-key cryptography algorithms are based on large prime numbers?
How many bit primes are used for RSA and the Diffie-Hellman key exchange?
The Diffie-Hellman key exchange relies on the fact that there are efficient algorithms for what?
What type of primes are typical for Diffie–Hellman?
Who uses the evolutionary strategy of Magicicada?
What do insects spend most of their lives?
When do they emerge from their burrows?
What makes it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas?
What is the average predator population during hypothetical outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas?
What does "prime" mean?
What is the prime field?
What can a knot be uniquely expressed?
What does the word prime mean?
What is a prime knot indecomposable?
What is an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined?
What are two general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring R?
What are prime elements?
What is an element p of R called prime element?
What is an element irreducible if it is not a unit?
What holds in unique factorization domains?
What is the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers?
What is the set of complex numbers of the form?
What is the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi?
What are Gaussian primes?
In ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal?
What generalizes prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal?
What algebraic geometry is prime ideals?
What generalizes to the Lasker-Noether theorem?
In what ring does the Lasker-Noether theorem express every ideal?
What are the points of algebro-geometric objects?
What does factorization or ramification of prime ideals bear some resemblance to?
What can be used in proving quadratic reciprocity?
What is a statement that concerns the ring of integers of quadratic number fields?
What happens when a number is multiplied by p?
Where can arithmetic questions be transferred back and forth?
What does completing Q yield the field of real numbers?
What principle underscores the importance of primes to number theory?
Who used prime numbers to create ametrical music?
In what works does Quatre études de rythme appear in?
What works are La Nativité du Seigneur and Quatre studies de rythme?
In what study do the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear?
According to Messiaen, how was the way of composing inspired?
Where does the Rhine begin?
Where does the Rhine enter?
What is the biggest city on the Rhine?
What river is the second-longest in Central and Western Europe?
What is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe?
What is the Rhine?
Where is the North Sea located?
How long is the Danube?
The variant forms of the name of the Rhine are all derived from what?
The variant forms of the name of what e in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name Rnos?
What is the Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name?
When was the Gaulish name Rnos adapted?
The variant forms of the name of the Rhine are all derived from what?
The variant forms of the name of what e in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name Rnos?
What is formerly spelled Rhijn?
What is the Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name?
What was Dutch Rijn formerly spelled?
What is the length of the Rhine measured in?
When was the Rhine-kilometer scale introduced?
What bridge runs from the Rhine-kilometers to Hoek van Holland?
Where is the length of the Rhine measured?
How many projects are completed in the 19th and 20th century?
What is the length of the Rhine measured in?
When was the Rhine-kilometer scale introduced?
What bridge runs from the Rhine-kilometers to Hoek van Holland?
How many projects are completed in the 19th and 20th century?
Where is the length of the Rhine measured?
Where does Chur make a distinctive turn?
How long is the Rhine Valley?
What is the name of the valley that flows through the glacial alpine valley?
Where is a natural dam located?
Where does the Alpine Rhine begin?
Where does the river make a distinctive turn to the north?
How long is the Rhine Valley?
What is the height of the Rhine Valley?
What is the name of the valley that flows through the glacial alpine valley?
Where does the Alpine Rhine begin in the western part of the Swiss canton of Graubünden?
Where does the mouth of the Rhine form an inland delta?
What river delimits the delta in the West?
What section delimits the delta in the West?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
What is Esel?
Where does the mouth of the Rhine form an inland delta?
What section delimits the delta in the West?
What river delimits the delta in the West?
What did the natural Rhine form?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
What is the name of the upper canal in the Rhine?
Where is the lower canal located?
How did the western Rhine Delta respond to the constant flooding?
Where does the Dornbirner Ach flow into the lake?
What is expected to happen to the continuous input of sediment into the lake?
Where is the lower canal located?
What was the aim of a regulation of the Rhine?
What is the name of the upper canal in the Rhine?
What Ach had to be diverted, and now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake?
What is expected to silt up the lake?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
What is the Untersee?
What is the Seerhein?
Where does the Rhine flow into it from the south?
What is the Obersee?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
Where is the lake located?
Where is the lake located?
What is it located at?
What is the name of the German state of Bavaria?
What causes the Rhine water to fall into the depths?
Where is a small fraction of the flow diverted off Mainau?
Where does the Rhine water fall into the depths?
What length of the lake is the flow of the Rhine water visible?
Where does the flow of the water reappeared on the surface?
Where does the Rhine water fall into the depths?
Where does the flow of the water reappeared on the surface?
Where is a small fraction of the flow diverted off Mainau?
What is the name of the river that flows through the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne?
Depending on what level, the flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake?
Where does the Rhine flow?
What is the tributary of the Rhine?
How much of the Rhine's water discharge is in the Aare?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
What part of the Rhine forms the German-Swiss border from Lake Constance?
Where does the Rhine flow?
What river joins the Rhine Falls?
How much of the Rhine's water discharge is in the Aare?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
How does the Rhine form from Lake Constance?
Where is the "Rhine knee" located?
What is the name of the first major city in the course of the stream?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
How long is the Upper Rhine Plain?
How long is the Upper Rhine Plain?
Where is the "Rhine knee" located?
What is the name of the first major city in the course of the stream?
Where does the direction of the Rhine change from West to?
Where ends?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
When did a Rhine straightening program change the Upper Rhine region?
What was the rate of flow?
How did the ground water level fall?
What was dug on the French side?
What is the bassin de compensation de Plobsheim in Alsace?
What region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century?
When did a Rhine straightening program change the Upper Rhine region?
What was the rate of flow?
How did the ground water level fall?
What was dug on the French side?
Where is the Rhine the longest river?
What is the average discharge of the Rhine tributaries?
What river is the longest in Germany?
What tributary contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s?
What is the average width of the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine the longest river?
Where is the Rhine the longest river?
What tributary contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s?
What country drains to the Rhine via the Moselle?
How many m3/s does the Rhine have an annual mean discharge?
What is the name of the Rhine Gorge between Bingen and Bonn?
What is the name of the Gorge between Bingen and Bonn?
What created the Rhine Gorge?
What is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known as?
What is the name of the Rhine Gorge between Bingen and Bonn?
What is the name of the Gorge between Bingen and Bonn?
What is the gorge known for?
What is the name of the UNESCO World Heritage Site?
How many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland?
Where are the major cities of Cologne, Düsseldorf and what other city?
What river joins the Rhine in Duisburg?
What does the Ruhr provide to the region?
Where can many plants and factories be found along the Rhine up?
Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of what?
What river passes the major cities of Cologne, Düsseldorf and Duisburg?
Where can many plants and factories be found along the Rhine up?
Where are the major cities of Cologne, Düsseldorf and what other city?
What river joins the Rhine in Duisburg?
What are the dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area?
Where is the Rhine Gorge located?
What rock flows around the Rhine?
What is considered the epitome of the Rhine romanticism?
What are the dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area?
What is the Rhine Gorge listed as?
Where is the Rhine Gorge located?
What rock flows around the Rhine?
Where does the Rhine flow around the famous rock Lorelei?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What canal runs parallel to the Lippe?
The Wesel-Datteln Canal runs parallel to what?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the river between Emmerich and Cleves?
What river flows through North Rhine-Westphalia?
Where does the Rhine flow through the largest conurbation in Germany?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
Along with the Hollands Diep and Haringvliet estuaries, what is the name of the Merwede and Neuwe Merwede?
What Dutch name no longer coincides with the main flow of water?
How much of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west?
Where does the Rhine flow?
Where does the Rhine flow farther west?
Along with the Hollands Diep and Haringvliet estuaries, what is the name of the Merwede and Neuwe Merwede?
Who forms Het Scheur?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
Where does the water redistribute?
What does the Nederrijn become at Wijk bij Duurstede?
What river flows to the Nieuwe Maas?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
Where does the water redistribute?
How much of the flow of the Rhine north into the IJsselmeer?
What does the Nederrijn become at Wijk bij Duurstede?
Where does the Nederrijn change its name?
What name is used only for smaller streams farther to the north?
What are the streams used for?
What is the old north branch of the Rhine called from Wijk bij Duurstede?
What is Kromme Rijn?
What is Oude Rijn?
What is the most important natural region of the Netherlands?
Where does the Rhine-Meuse Delta begin?
What is the shorter term used by the Rhine?
What is the name of the Rhine delta?
How many main flows are created?
What is the name of the Rhine delta at Millingen aan de Rijn?
What is the Oude Maas called?
What is Het Scheur called?
What flood caused the Meuse to flow south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas?
When was the St. Elizabeth's flood?
Where did the Meuse flow to the North Sea?
From what years did the Meuse and Waal merge further upstream at Gorinchem?
What is Waal and Lek?
What do many rivers serve as for the numerous polders?
What changed the Delta in the second half of the 20th Century?
What is the name of many rivers closed?
In what century did the construction of Delta Works change the Delta?
What is the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
What is the Rhine-Meuse Delta shaped by?
What could strong tidal currents do?
What is Brakel's most landward tidal influence?
What sea descends from the Mediterranean Sea?
In what period did the Tethys floor begin to be subducted under Eurasia?
What type of geography did Iberia push up the Pyrenees?
What period was the stage set in southern Europe?
Who pushed up the Pyrenees?
What rift system did the Alpine orogeny cause?
What is the main element of the rift?
What river system was developed in the Upper Rhine Graben?
What river drained the northern flanks of the Alps?
How did the Rhine extend its watershed southward?
When did the Rhine capture streams down to the Vosges Mountains?
What mountains did the Rhine capture by the Pliocene period?
What was the geological period of 2.5 million years ago?
How many Ice Ages have occurred since 600,000 years ago?
How much sea level has dropped since 600,000 years ago?
Where did the Rhine follow a course through the present North Sea?
Where was the river mouth located?
How many glacials did the last glacial run?
What is the end of the Pleistocene?
Where did Europe see two very cold phases?
What was the sea level of the English Channel, the Irish Channel and most of the North Sea lower than today?
What channel did the lower Rhine extend to the southwest?
What was the source of the Rhine's current course?
What is the Ice Age flora and fauna?
How many yr BP did ice-sheets cover Scandinavia, the Baltics and the Alps?
What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps?
What type of dust did the tundra settle in and around the Rhine Valley?
What year did northwest Europe begin to warm up?
What did frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers begin to do?
Where was the discharge routed?
How many years ago did rapid warming begin?
By what year was Europe forested?
When did tides and currents exist?
What had dropped so far that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes could compensate the transgression by the sea?
In what year was the coast line roughly at the same location?
Why is the sea level still rising in the southern North Sea?
How much is the sea level in the southern North Sea?
When did the Holocene begin?
How long ago did the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta begin?
What valley did the Rhine occupie at the start of the Holocene?
Where did the sea level rise in the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta?
How many years before present is human impact seen in the delta?
What caused the formation of peat formation in the delta?
How much of the Rhine has increased in the upland areas?
In what century did the damming of minor distributaries take place?
How many avulsions have occurred in the past 6000 years?
Where do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge?
Where do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea?
What is formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon?
What is the name of the IJsselmeer?
How many branches is the discharge of the Rhine divided?
When did the Rhine enter the historical period?
What country formed the boundary between Gaul and?
When was the Upper Rhine part of the late Hallstatt culture?
Who wrote a Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil?
When did Augustus die?
Where did Rome accept as her Germanic frontier?
When did the northern section of the Rhine remain the Roman boundary?
Where did the Germanic people of the Alsace-Lorraine drift across the river?
Where is the most slopes of the Black Forest?
How many legions did the Romans keep in five bases along the Rhine?
What army had two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germanica and XX Valeria?
What was the name of the town of the Ubii?
What was the actual number of legions present at any base or in all depended on?
What was the name of the oppidum Ubiorum?
In what century did Germanic tribes establish the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine?
What kingdom did Germanic tribes establish in the 5th century?
What is the name of the dragon killed on the Drachenfels?
Who killed a dragon on the Drachenfels?
Who thrown Kriemhild's treasure into the Rhine?
When was the Rhine within the borders of Francia?
In what century was the Holy Roman Empire fully within the Holy Roman Empire?
Swabia, Franconia and what part of the Holy Roman Empire flowd through the 10th century?
Who sold the Alsace to Burgundy?
When was the Alsace sold to Burgundy?
When did the Upper Rhine form a contentious border between France and Germany?
What was a long-term goal of French foreign policy since the Middle Ages?
What French leader tried to annex lands west of the Rhine?
When was the Confederation of the Rhine established?
When did the Rhine crisis begin?
When was the Rhineland subject to the Treaty of Versailles?
When was the German army forbidden to enter the demilitarised zone?
Who was forbidden to enter the demilitarised zone?
What is the Treaty of Versailles often cited as helping?
When did the German army re-occupy the Rhineland?
Where was the Rhine bridge at?
What obstacle did the Western Allies overcome to invade Germany?
When did Operation Market Garden fail?
What bridge crossed the Rhine at Remagen?
What was a Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War?
What was the generally accepted length of the Rhine until 1932?
What German encyclopedia stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles)?
What was the length of the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated in 1932?
What was the length of the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated in 1932?
When was the error discovered?
When did the Scottish electorate vote for devolution?
What legislation sets out its powers as a devolved legislature?
What does the Act delineate the legislative competence of the Parliament?
Who does the Act specify powers that are "reserved" to?
Who does the Scottish Parliament have the power to legislate in?
What remained an important element in Scotland's national identity?
How many years was Scotland governed by the Parliament of Great Britain and the subsequent Parliament of the United Kingdom?
Why were Suggestions for a 'devolved' Parliament delayed?
When did the rise of nationalism in Scotland fuel demands for some form of home rule or complete independence?
What did Kilbrandon recommend the establishment of in 1973?
Where did the discovery of oil lead to rising support for Scottish independence?
What was the name of the campaign of the Scottish National Party?
When did Wilson commit his government to a devolved legislature?
The party argued that the revenues from the oil were what?
When were final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed?
Where would an elected assembly be set up?
What percentage of Scottish electorate voted for Scotland Act 1978?
What percentage of Scottish voters vote in favour of a Scottish Assembly?
What did the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly fail?
How much of the eligible voting population did not vote?
What was the demand for in the 1980s and 1990s?
Who controlled the government of the United Kingdom?
When was the Scottish Constitutional Convention established?
What document was published for devolution in 1995?
What is the official home of the Scottish Parliament?
Who designed the Scottish Parliament building?
Who designed the Scottish Parliament building?
What are some of the principal features of the complex?
Who opened the new building on 9 October 2004?
What was the purpose of vacating the building?
What was the temporary home of the Parliament at Holyrood?
Where were official photographs and television interviews held?
Where was the Parliament relocated to in 2002?
Where was the Parliament temporarily relocated in May 2000?
What council did the Parliament use buildings rented from?
What was the former administrative building used for the MSP's offices?
What happened to Holyrood after the move to Holyrood?
What were the former Midlothian County Buildings facing?
What hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room?
How many MSPs are elected to serve as Presiding Officer?
Who is the speaker of the Scottish Parliament?
What is the only secret ballot conducted in the Scottish Parliament?
How many MSPs are elected by a secret ballot?
Who operates electronic voting equipment and chamber clocks?
Who is responsible for ensuring that the Scottish Parliament functions effectively?
Who allocates time and sets the work agenda in the chamber?
How many seats does the Bureau have?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament in an official capacity?
What is the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament arranged in?
What is the aim of the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament?
How many seats are in the debating chamber?
How many seats are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs?
What can the Law Officers do if they are not elected MSPs?
What is the parliamentary mace panned from?
What is the parliamentary mace made from?
Who presented the mace to the Scottish Parliament?
What words are inscribed in the parliamentary mace?
What is the mace displayed in?
When do recesses typically take place?
Where do Plenary meetings usually take place on Wednesday afternoons from 2 pm to 6 pm?
Who is open to chamber debates and committee meetings?
What is the entry fee for entry?
What is the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates?
When does Time for Reflection begin?
How long does Time for Reflection take?
Who determines invitations to address Parliament on the advice of the parliamentary bureau?
What are speakers chosen to represent according to the Scottish census?
What can Faith groups make direct representations to the Presiding Officer?
Who decides who speaks in chamber debates?
What is the time for the Presiding Officer to speak in chamber debates?
What does the Presiding Officer try to achieve when selecting members to speak?
Who open debates?
Scots are usually delivered in English, but members may use what other language?
When do MSPs decide on motions and amendments that have been moved that day?
What is heralded by the sounding of the division bell?
What does the division bell alert MSPs who are not in the Parliamentary campus to do?
What do members vote on?
How long is the outcome of each division known?
What type of votes can be predicted beforehand?
Who instructs members which way to vote?
What are MSPs known as?
What type of issues are typically handled?
What can errant members be expelled from their parties?
When is a "Members Debate" held?
What is the name of the MSP?
How long does a "Members Debate" last?
Who normally contribute to the debate?
What does the minister's department the debate and motion relate to?
In what committee is much of the work of the Scottish Parliament done?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
What does the Scottish Parliament have to do to compensate for?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
Where can committees meet?
How many MSPs do committees comprise?
What does membership reflect across Parliament?
What are different committees set out in different ways?
What are committees set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders?
In what session of the Scottish Parliament are the current Mandatory Committees?
When are Subject Committees established?
How many of the departments of the Scottish Government correspond to each committee?
Which Subject Committees are in the fourth Session?
In what session are the Subject Committees currently in?
What type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter who is not a member of the Scottish Parliament or Scottish Government?
Private bills usually relate to what type of projects?
Private bills usually relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property?
What type of committees have been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the Edinburgh Tram Network, the Glasgow Airport Rail Link, the Airdrie-Bathgate Rail Link and extensions to the National Gallery of Scotland?
What act governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament?
Who gave the Scottish Act 1998 as a royal assent?
What does the Scotland Act 2012 extend?
What is Scotland's supreme legislature?
The Scotland Act 1998 governs the functions and role of which country?
In what section is the Scottish Act not explicitly stated as reserved matters?
Who automatically devolves matters that are not specifically reserved to?
All matters that are not specifically reserved are what?
How many pence does the Scottish Parliament have the ability to alter income tax in Scotland?
What act conferred further fiscal devolution?
What matters are outside the legislative competence of Scotland Parliament?
Who is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to Westminster?
Where is the Scottish Parliament unable to legislate?
Where do Ministerial functions usually lie with?
What can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways?
Who can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill?
What can a member of the Scottish Parliament introduce a bill?
Who can submit a private bill to Parliament?
How do Bills pass through Parliament?
What is the first stage of the bill?
What documents will the minister or member in charge of the bill introduce to Parliament?
What are statements from the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill lodged?
Where does Stage 1 usually take place?
When does the whole Parliament agree to the general principles of the bill?
What stage of the bill is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament?
How many parts of the bill are involved in this stage?
Stage 3 is what stage of the bill?
What type of amendments can Opposition members propose to the bill?
When do members vote on the final form of the bill?
Who submits the bill for royal assent?
After the bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for what?
How long has the bill elapsed?
Who can refer the bill to for a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the Parliament?
When was the Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament passed?
What seats do the Scottish government hold?
Who can put their name forward to be First Minister?
What does Parliament elect from a number of candidates at the beginning of each parliamentary term?
Who are most ministers and their juniors drawn from?
Who makes the formal appointment or dismissal?
When are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
When are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
Who may change the date of the poll by up to one month on the proposal of the Presiding Officer?
What happens when ordinary general elections are held less than six months before the due date of an ordinary general election?
How many days after a General Election does the Parliament fail to nominate one of its members to be First Minister?
What procedures enable the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government?
Who are invited to question?
What is the Government's programme for the forthcoming year?
What do the leaders of the opposition and other MSPs question the First Minister after the statement has been delivered?
What is also set aside for question periods in the debating chamber?
When does a "General Question Time" take place?
Who can direct questions to on a Thursday between 11:40 a.m. and 12 p.m?
What does this give members the opportunity to question the First Minister directly?
How many general questions are available to opposition leaders?
How many MSPs are elected to represent first past the post constituencies?
When was the number of Scottish MPs reduced?
How many members do voters choose to represent the constituency?
Why are the Western Isles less electors?
How many electors are in Scottish Parliament?
The total number of seats in the Parliament is allocated to parties proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method?
Using what method is the total number of seats allocated to parties proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot?
What is the party's highest quotient?
What is the number of seats the party won in the region at this point?
What is repeated until all available list seats are allocated?
How many qualifications apply to being an MSP?
What year was the British Nationality Act introduced?
How old are members of the Commonwealth of Nations?
Who are disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament as elected MSPs?
What Act was passed in 2003?
What is the first time a party has commanded a parliamentary majority in the Scottish Parliament?
Who took 16 seats from the SNP?
How many votes did Iain Gray retain East Lothian?
How many seats did the SNP take from the Liberal Democrats?
What did the Scottish Parliament support to hold a referendum on?
Who lost Edinburgh Pentlands to the SNP?
Who was the seat of former party leader David McLetchie?
How many seats did the Conservatives lose?
Who claimed that McLetchie's support held firm?
Who congratulated the SNP?
What are Scottish MPs sitting in the UK House of Commons able to vote on?
English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs are unable to vote on what?
What is the name of the phenomenon that has led to criticism?
Who won the 2015 UK election?
What country does the Scottish Parliament only apply to?
What is also known as Political Islam?
In what sphere of life does Islamism favor the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a?
What does Islamism favor in accordance with the Shari'a?
What are the different Islamist movements described as oscillating between?
What is the strategy of Islamization of society?
The Tunisian Ennahda Movement accepts and works within what process?
Where are Hamas and Hezbollah located?
What do the Islamist groups seek to do?
What does al-Qaeda and the Taliban reject?
What is the basis for a religious basis?
What is another major division in Islamism?
What did Olivier Roy argue underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century?
What did the Salafi movement focus on?
What does Roy describe Islamism as "increasingly interdependent" with?
What do Islamists need to do to maintain their legitimacy?
Islamism posits what role for Islam?
What ism posits a political role for Islam?
Who believe their views reflect Islam?
What does Hayri Abaza argue the failure to distinguish between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support?
What do progressive moderates seek to separate from?
What are those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life?
Who created the conception of 'political Islam'?
What was apolitical Islam?
Between 1945 and 1970 what era was secular Arab nationalism?
What is quietist or non-political Islam that requires explanation?
What did Western and pro-Western governments often see the fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups as?
When did Western and pro-Western governments support Islamists and Islamist groups?
What impact did the US have on non-Afghan veterans of the war?
What enemy of the Soviet Union did the US spend billions of dollars to help?
What were Islamists considered to be more dangerous?
What impact did the US have on non-Afghan veterans of the war?
Who released Islamists from prison?
What did Sadat's policies include transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States?
What did Sadat receive in exchange for Egypt's exiles?
When did the "gentlemen's agreement" between Sadat and Islamists break down?
What was Sadat later assassinated?
What type of religion did Wahhabism or Salafism have?
What did it say Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels?
What wars did democracy have in the 20th century?
Muslims should not only "always oppose" what?
What religion was based in Wahhabism or Salafism?
What movement is well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out town?
What are governments whose commitment to social justice is limited to rhetoric?
What type of assistance does the Muslim Brotherhood provide to students from out of town?
Incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments whose commitment to social justice is limited to what?
What is the purpose of the Muslim Brotherhood?
Where did Iqbal study in England and Germany?
Where did Iqbal become a member of?
What group did he criticize?
When did Lahore return to Lahore?
What was Iqbal's book titled?
What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society?
What would India's Hindu-majority population do?
What did he call for in his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria?
When was Sir Muhammad Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League?
What movement inspired this address?
Who was an important early twentieth century figure in the Islamic revival in India?
What profession did he choose as a lawyer?
When did Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party?
What did Maududi have much more impact than his political organising?
What did Maududi's books place Islam in?
Who was an important early twentieth century figure in the Islamic revival in India?
What profession did he choose as a lawyer?
What did Maududi have much more impact than his political organising?
What context did Maududi's books place Islam in?
Maududi believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without what?
What did Maududi believe Islamic society could not be without Sharia?
What is tawhid?
What changed the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society?
What did Maududi mean to change the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society?
When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah?
What is the motto of our constitution?
What type of influence did Al Banna eliminate in the Muslim world?
What did the Brotherhood engage in against the government?
When was Al-Banna assassinated?
Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for what assassination?
When was the Brotherhood banned?
Who was the president of the Brotherhood?
What has the Brotherhood become?
How much of the total seats did the Islamist party win in the Egyptian parliamentary election?
What was the name of the opposition group in Egypt that was able to field candidates during elections?
What was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do during elections?
Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt?
What event constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world during the Six-Day War?
What was the quick and decisive defeat of Israeli troops in the Six-Day War?
What type of stagnation was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes?
What resulted in a steep decline in the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics?
What movement was inspired by Maududi and Sayyid Qutb?
What type of father of Pakistan was Mohammad Iqbal?
Who was the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?
What is Khomeini's beliefs perceived to be placed between?
Who believed that a complete imitation of Islam was essential to Islam?
What was the result of the "plundering" of Muslim lands?
What country has maintained its hold on power in Iran?
What group has the Islamic Republic created in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon?
What kind of sanctions have the Islamic Republic maintained in Iran?
When did the Iranian government enjoy a resurgence in popularity among the predominantly Sunni "Arab street"?
Who opposed the United States?
Who deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan in 1979?
What did the Soviet Union try to suppress in the Afghan Civil War?
What did the conflict cause thousands of Muslims to go themselves to fight for?
What was the military effectiveness of the "Afghan Arabs"?
How many Muslim volunteers came from around the world to fight in Afghanistan?
What was the Gulf War that brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil?
What was the result of the Gulf War?
What movement was the Gulf War?
Where did the Gulf War bring US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to?
Islamists accused the Saudi regime of being a puppet of what?
Who did the attacks resonate with?
Who attacked Saudi Arabia?
Where were American troops stationed?
Where was the bloody civil war in Egypt?
Who climaxed in the 9/11 attack?
What did Qutb's ideas become increasingly radical during his imprisonment?
When was Qutb executed?
Who led Hasan al-Hudaybi?
What movement inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s?
When did the Brotherhood renounce violence as a means of achieving its goals?
Who was responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat?
When was Anwar Sadat assassinated?
What did the extremist group believe was leaders of Muslim states?
What did the extremist group do?
Who wrote the pamphlet?
What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya use in their struggle for Islamic order?
What group employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order?
When did Jamaa Islamiya renounce violence?
What was the result of the campaign to overthrow the government?
What are some of the lesser known groups involved in the assassination of?
What did the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine take a stance towards Israel?
What was the name of the organization that the Brotherhood announced?
What did the Hamas charter call for?
What does the Brotherhood's antipathy for activities of the secular middle class do?
When was the First Intifada?
Who has continued to be a major player in Palestine?
How many people were killed in a suicide bombing?
What percentage of seats did the PLO win in 2006?
When did 542 people die in 140 suicide bombings?
What has Hamas been praised for?
Hassan al-Turabi was the leader of what regime?
Who was the leader of Sudan's Islamist regime?
Who first gained influence when General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government?
What did Turabi build a powerful economic base with?
Where are sympathetic students placed?
When was al-Nimeiry overthrown?
How did al-Nimeiry overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government?
What was the strict application of before Turabi came to power?
What did the NIF regime harbor for a time before 9/11?
What did the NIF regime unify Islamist opposition to in the 1991 Gulf War?
What did the FLN do to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men?
When was Abbassi Madani founded as a broad Islamist coalition?
Where was the Front Islamique de Salut located?
What was the Islamic Salvation Front in Algeria?
What caused the FIS to cancel voting in 1991?
What did the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union lead to in Afghanistan?
What was the result of the civil war between political and tribal warlords in Afghanistan?
When did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse?
What country did the mujahideen win against the Soviet Union in the 1980s make Afghanistan?
How much of Afghanistan did the Taliban take in 1996?
Who were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees?
Where was the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees?
What is the name of the Taliban?
What is the name of the Taliban?
Who was influenced by Wahhabism?
When did General Zia-ul-Haq overtrow Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto?
What did Ali Bhutto ban within six months?
What was Zia-ul-Haq more committed to?
What did Zia-ul-Haq use Islamization to legitimize?
When was Zia-ul-Haq killed?
What is the name of the Islamic State?
What is the majority of the Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist group?
How many people occupied Iraq and Syria in March 2015?
What does a self-described state lack?
What did the group declare itself in 2014?
When did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?
In what year did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad invade Iraq?
What did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad complain of?
When did the Syrian Civil War begin?
What has the United Nations, the European Union and member states designated the group?
What does the Caliphate take in its focus on the Caliphate?
In what century did HT see Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring?
When was the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate?
What system is believed to have ended?
What is believed to have caused the disbelieving colonial powers to work through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk?
What type of jihad does HT not engage in?
What does HT work to take power through?
Who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup?
In what country did Jordan try and fail coups in 1974?
What group have many HT members joined?
How many Muslims are in Greater London?
What is the outlook of Islamists?
What year was Undercover Mosque broadcast?
What does Undercover Mosque mean?
What was Abu Hamza al-Masri charged with?
What year has the U.S. government engaged in efforts to counter violent Islamism?
Who conducted public diplomacy programs in the U.S.?
Who called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of "political warfare"?
Who called for establishing something similar to the defunct U.S. Information Agency?
What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with during the Cold War?
What is the word "imperium" that means to rule over large territories?
What type of force does Imperialism use?
What country has the term imperialism been applied to in the 19th and 20th centuries?
The rapid spread of what has allowed for the rapid spread of?
What does Imperialism mean?
What is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule?"
What is often based on racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes?
What is "Informal imperialism" less?
What is the first term for physical control or "full-fledged colonial rule"?
What is the first term for physical control or "full-fledged colonial rule"?
What was the definition of imperialism confusedly seen to represent?
What is expanding the controlled area?
What is the term for "full-fledged colonial rule"?
What is the greatest distinction of an empire?
How are developed and developing nations portrayed?
Who suggested that imperialism was the highest form of capitalism?
What is a distinction about?
What type of empires do most books on the subject confine themselves to?
What is the term "imperialism" often conflated with?
What does colonialism lack?
Why is imperialism developed?
What are generally excluded from discussions of colonialism?
What do Imperialism and colonialism have been used to describe?
Who dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control?
What does colonialism refer to?
What is the meaning of imperialism to create an empire?
What is Colonialism's core meaning?
What characteristics of the conquering peoples are inherited by the conquered indigenous populations?
What is a controversial aspect of imperialism?
What is the defense and justification of empire-building?
What race does J. A. Hobson believe the earth should be peopled, governed, and developed by?
What did the scientific nature of "Social Darwinism" and "Social Darwinism" form a supposedly rational justification for imperialism?
What is still prized in Latin America?
What country did Friedrich Ratzel belong to?
What country supported imperialism?
Who supported imperialism?
Who were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries?
What was the Royal Geographical Society of London able to do?
What theory suggested tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance?
In what zone did Ellen Churchill Semple argue that human beings were only able to become fully human?
Edward Said's tropicality can be paralleled with what?
What did tropical environments create?
What did Siad believe orientalism allowed Europe to establish itself as?
What is the Latin word for 'empty land' used by British imperialism?
When did Australia serve as a case study in relation to British settlement and colonial rule of the continent?
What empire is the principle of imperialism generally generalizable to?
What type of inhabitants considered Australia unused?
What is the Latin word for Terra nullius?
What does Orientalism refer to?
What did early European studies of the Orient position the East as in opposition to the rational and progressive West?
What did Defining the East as a negative vision of itself?
What refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East?
West was positioned as irrational and backward in opposition to what?
What was Bassett's analysis of during the "scramble for Africa"?
What did imperial and colonial powers need to fill in?
What is blank space used to denote?
During his analysis of what type of techniques did he highlight the use of blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory?
What is the name of a map that promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of?
During what period did the Americas have large empires like the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire?
Who conquestd the Mongol Empire?
How many Historically recognized Muslim empires are there?
What is the name of the Empire that consists of Oyo Empire, Asante Union, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire, and Mutapa Empire?
What continent has featured dozens of empires that predate the European colonial era?
When a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
What is cultural imperialism when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
In what country did the Cold War depict opulent American lifestyles in the soap opera?
Who changed the expectations of smuggled South Korean drama series in North Korea?
What is the effect of soft power on foreign popular culture?
When did the Age of Imperialism begin?
What was the process of industrializing nations?
How many years have imperialist practices existed?
When does the term "Age of Imperialism" refer to the activities of European powers?
What policy does China have in China?
When was John Gallagher born?
When was Ronald Robinson born?
Who constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism?
What economy grew significantly and became more interconnected in the decades before World War I?
Who became rich and prosperous in the decades before World War I?
What was Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism focused on?
When did the colonization of India begin?
How did Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism focus on economic growth?
Where did the British exploit the political weakness of the colonization of India?
Along with advancements in what technology, Europe continued to advance in military technology?
What could be used in combat?
What became an effective battlefield weapon by the 1880s?
What were armies in less developed countries fighting with?
Who made deadly explosives that could be used in combat?
What type of experience are theories about imperialism often based on in anglophone academic works?
When was the term "Imperialism" originally introduced into English?
What was imperialism a policy of for some?
What did Lenin call Imperialism a natural extension of capitalism?
What is the relationship between capitalism and imperialism?
When did the military-political complex rise in the United States?
When were non-Marxist writers at their most prolific?
What did Hobson argue domestic social reforms could cure?
Hobson theorized that state intervention through what could boost broader consumption, create wealth and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order?
What concept served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples?
What determined a certain person's behaviours?
What were people living in tropical environments seen as?
In what continent did European colonialism last?
What two forms does this take?
Who believed that the world could be split into climatic zones?
What climate did scholars believe produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being?
What were the people of these climates believed to be in need of?
What is a view of a person based on their geographical location?
According to geographic scholars under which empires could the world be split into climatic zones?
When can Britain's imperialist ambitions be seen?
When was the British East India Company established?
Who chartered the British East India Company in 1599?
What caused the plundering of the local economy?
Who established trading posts in India?
When did France take control of Algeria?
When did France begin to rebuild its empire?
What religion did the new empire give prestige to the motherland?
Where did France focus on Algeria in 1850?
When did Germany start to build her own colonial empire?
What do the higher races have a right over the lower races?
What was the term for full citizenship rights?
What did France send to its colonies?
What did it become a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards?
Where did France send small numbers of settlers to its colonies?
What were the bases from which Charles de Gaulle and the Free French fought to liberate France?
What began to challenge the Empire after 1945?
In what country did France lose a bitter war?
Where did the French win the war?
When did almost all of France's colonies gain independence?
In what country did Germanic tribes expand in the middle of classical antiquity?
Who was excluded from the Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe by 1000 CE?
In what period did Germanic tribes expand throughout northern and western Europe?
When did the Holy Roman Empire form?
Germany remained largely a conceptual term referring to an amorphous area of what region?
When was Germany's participation in Western imperialism negligible?
When was Otto von Bismarck Chancellor?
When did Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire?
Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
What system did Prussia and the German states prefer to manipulate?
Where did Germany build a colonial empire?
For what reason did Bismarck know that public opinion had started to demand colonies?
When did the establishment of the German colonial empire begin?
What country did the German colonial empire begin with in 1884?
Who were his neighbors at Friedrichsruh?
What country took part in the Russo-Japanese War?
When did Japan absorb Taiwan?
What country did Japan invade?
What country was conquered by Japan in 1931?
What country supported post-World War II communist movements?
When did it stop being formally revoked?
Who asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory?
Where was the Soviet Union occupied?
Who effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921?
What did Trotsky believe the revolution could only succeed in Russia?
Who wrote extensively on Imperialism?
Who argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade?
Who was the new political leader in the late 1950s?
What did Joseph Stalin establish after Lenin's death?
What was the First British Empire based on?
When did the American colonies lose?
What did Britain adopt in the 1840s?
When did Britain build an informal economic empire?
When did Napoleonic France defeat Napoleonic France?
Which empire was the largest ever seen in terms of landmass and population?
Social Darwinism and theories of race formed an ideological underpinning during this time?
What spirit was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury?
Where did the Scramble for Africa come from?
What policy did the United States oppose Imperialism?
What policy did Theodore Roosevelt use in Central America?
What caused business, labor and government leaders to condemn America's occupation in the Philippines?
What country did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose?
What was Smedley Butler's foreign policy denounced as?
Who was one key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire?
When was Woodrow Wilson appointed to the inquiry?
Who was the president of the Paris Peace Conference?
What would be characterized by geographical order?
What was Isiah Bowman known as?
What has some described as a form of imperialism or colonialism?
What is this internal form of empire referred to as?
How many Africans were treated in the slave trade?
Edward Said described modern imperialism in the United States as using aggressive means of attack towards what?
When did the Ottoman Empire last?
Who reigned the Ottoman Empire during the 16th and 17th centuries?
How many provinces did the empire contain at the beginning of the 17th century?
What region did the Ottoman Empire control?
When did the Ottoman Empire dominate Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa?
What city was the capital of the Ottoman Empire?
Who was the empire allied with in the early 20th century?
When did the empire dissolve?
What new state was created in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland?
What is the name of the mainline Protestant Methodist denomination?
What is the United Methodist Church?
When was the UMC founded?
Who founded the UMC in 1968?
What is the church's theological orientation?
What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement?
How many adherents does the United Methodist Church have?
What is the UMC's rank in the United States?
What percentage of the U.S. population self-identify with the United Methodist Church?
When did The United Methodist Church begin?
Where did The United Methodist Church begin?
What did other students mock them saying they were the "Holy Club" and "the Methodists"?
When did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Where did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Who did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel to?
What did the Anglican teaching emphasize?
What revolution separated the Methodists from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church?
When did the Church of England send a bishop to start a new church in the colonies?
Who was the superintendent of the Methodist Society?
Where was the Mother Church of American Methodism held?
Where was the Mother Church of American Methodism held?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
What is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States?
When was the congregation founded?
Where was the shell of a building erected by a German Reformed congregation?
When was the Methodist Episcopal Church founded?
Who became the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
What church licensed them?
When was St. George's Church licensed?
When did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
What issue did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
When did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
Why did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
When was the United Methodist Church created?
When did the Evangelical United Brethren Church and The Methodist Church join hands?
Who represented The Methodist Church?
What is the United Methodist Church believed to be part of?
Who recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon?
What is the meaning of the "visible and invisible Church"?
When was John Wesley compelled to break with standard practice?
Who assisted Wesley in this action?
Who did John Wesley ordain as presbyters?
When was The United Methodist Church formed?
Who were the founding members of the United Methodist Church?
Who led the team that systematized denomination doctrine?
Who led the team that systematized denomination doctrine?
What is the grace that "goes before" us given to all people?
What is the grace that "goes before" us given to all people?
What is prevenient grace given to all people?
What is the grace that "goes before" us given to all people?
What is that grace offered by God to all people?
In what way are we received by God?
What is justifying grace also known as today?
What is justifying grace also known as today?
What is the name of the birth?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is the grace of God that sustains believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is a genuine love of God with heart, soul, mind, and strength?
Who stands at a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental?
What does the United Methodist Church believe in?
What denomination is considered one of the more moderate and tolerant denominations?
According to what book, the United Methodist theology is at once catholic, evangelical, and reformed?
In what year did the General Conference support the work of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
What is the denomination of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
What organization was the denomination a founding member of?
What is the governing coalition of the United Methodist Church?
What kind of women does the Church emphasize the need to be in supportive ministry with?
Who does the church believe they are bound to respect?
What is the name of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality?
When was the General Conference held?
Who was president of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality?
What movement has the Methodist Church supported?
When did the General Board of Church and Society call on all United Methodists to abstain from alcohol for Lent?
What was John Wesley's famous sermon?
What does the United Methodist Church use in the sacrament of Holy Communion?
What does the United Methodist Church condemn?
When did the General Conference of the United Methodist Church abolish the death penalty?
When did Jesus explicitly repudiate the lex talionis?
What conference calls for the United Methodist Church bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment?
What does the United Methodist Church prohibit?
When was Jimmy Creech defrocked?
When was same-sex marriage legalized?
What governing committee has voted in favor of a proposal that calls for a localized option?
What type of community have many organizations, conferences, and congregations recently called for?
What have many conferences taken a position by voting in favor of?
When did a United Methodist church court in New Hampshire defrocked Methodist minister Rose Mary Denman?
When was Irene Elizabeth Stroud convicted of violating church law?
Who approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose?
What does the church know about the way of inaction?
What kind of war does the Church oppose?
What does the United Methodist Church believe war is incompatible with?
What does the Church reject war as?
What does the United Methodist Church endorse?
Who states that "research shows it [pornography] is not an 'innocent activity'?
What does the United Methodist Church teach pornography about?
What are the perceptions of people addicted to pornography?
What type of embryos did the UMC support?
What is retrieved from umbilical cords and adult stem cells?
What does the UMC support federal funding for?
What was the name of the revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
When were the Methodists in America separated from the Church of England?
What was the revised version of the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America?
Where is the United Methodist Church located?
What is one of the liturgies of the Anglican tradition?
What type of oil does the laying on of hands involve?
Who may be named after a biblical figure?
Who is the Salvation Army Founder?
Who is Methodism's revered founder?
What church is organized into conferences?
What is the highest level of the church?
What is revised after each General Conference?
What is the highest level of the church?
Quadrennium meets every four years?
How many jurisdictions is the United States divided into?
How many central conferences are there?
What is the main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences?
Who are the chief administrators of the church?
What are Bishops elected to serve?
What is usually composed of church bishops?
What is the Mission Council usually composed of?
How many acres did the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction lease for the George W. Bush Presidential Library?
Where did the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction approve a 99-year lease?
Where was the George W. Bush Presidential Library located?
How many members are elected by the General Conference?
Who is the highest court in the denomination?
How long is the term of the General Conference?
How many times a year does the Council meet?
Where does the Council meet twice a year?
What is the equivalent of a diocese in the Anglican Communion and the Roman Catholic Church?
What is the term Annual Conference often used to refer to?
Where are Clergy members?
What is the guidebook for local churches and pastors?
How many members must a board of trustees have?
How many members must UM churches have?
What is an annual meeting of all officers of the church and any interested members?
What is an annual meeting of all officers of the church and any interested members?
How many colleges and universities is the United Methodist Church affiliated with?
How many schools and institutions does the church operate overseas?
What association of Methodist-related schools are most members of?
Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?
What do local congregations generally serve as?
What is a member of the Elders in full connection?
What is a member of each deacon in full connection?
Who advises the resident bishop of the Annual Conference?
How often is an appointment made?
When has the bishop read the appointments at the Annual Conference?
Who are called by God?
Where can they be appointed to?
How long do Elders serve as provisional Elders?
Elders may be assigned as what?
How long do deacons serve as provisoire deacons?
Who are called by God?
Who are called by God?
What can deacons be granted if they are appointed as pastor in a local church?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
Who serves a two-three-year term in a full-time appointment after being commissioned?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is the official title of a Local Pastor?
Who holds membership in the annual conference?
How many years are pastors required to pass an approved course of study at an approved United Methodist seminary?
What can they continue towards allowing them to retire as clergy?
What are those who have been baptized as an infant or child?
How do Baptized Members become Professing Members?
How can individuals become a Professing Member?
What is a sacrament in the UMC?
Where do students learn about the Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition?
Who directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes to all people?
What do students learn about in confirmation and membership preparation classes?
What are two categories of local church lay servant?
To be recognized as local church lay servant, what must they complete?
How often do they report and reapply?
How many advanced courses must they complete every three years?
What is one tradition within the Christian Church?
What status did the National Association of Evangelicals seek?
What might false ecumenism result in?
When was a Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed?
When did the United Methodist Church enter into full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
In what year has the United Methodist Church been exploring a merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations?
How many members did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many congregations did the UMC have?
How many congregations were there in 2005?
How many congregations were there in 2005?
What country has the largest number of members?
How many UMC members were estimated by the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
How many UMC members were in the U.S. by the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
How many UMC members were overseas by the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
What is the UMC a member of?
What interdenominational group is active in?
When did delegates to the World Methodist Council vote unanimously to adopt the "Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification"?
When was the French and Indian War?
Who fought the war between?
What was the population of the French North American colonies at the start of the war?
How many settlers were in the British North American colonies at the start of the war?
Where was the war fought?
What began with the dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers?
In what battle did George Washington ambushed a French patrol?
When did six colonial governors meet with General Braddock?
What was Braddock's main effort?
What caused British operations to fail in 1755, 1756 and 1757?
What was captured by the British in 1755?
What did the British order soon after the capture of Fort Beauséjour?
Who came to power and increased British military resources in the colonies?
What was France unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France?
How did France concentrate its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war?
Where were the British defeated?
What territory did France give to Great Britain?
Which country had ceded Spain to in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba?
What was Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America?
When did British colonists name the second war in King George's reign?
What was the name of the war between France and Great Britain?
What was the Seven Years' War?
What other names are less frequently used for the war?
What was the official declaration of war in 1756?
How long was the battle of Jumonville Glen concluded?
When was Montreal captured?
When was the fighting between the two colonial powers concluded?
How many people were in the French population?
What was the French population in Acadia?
What watersheds did French fur traders and trappers travel?
How many French settlers did British settlers outnumber?
From Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the north to Georgia in the south?
Where did the settlements grow into?
Who dominated large areas between the French and the British?
Who were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War?
Where did the Iroquois Confederation dominate?
What rule were tribes formally under?
What tribes dominate the Southeast interior?
Where were the Huron, Mississauga, Ojibwa, Winnebago, and Potawatomi located?
Who supported the British during the Anglo-Cherokee War?
How many French regular army troops were stationed in North America at the start of the war?
How many British troops were stationed in North America?
What did most British colonies do to deal with native threats?
How many miles did the expedition cover between June and November 1749?
How many Indians did Céloron's expedition force consist of?
What did Céloron encounter when he encountered?
Who informed Céloron that they owned the Ohio Country?
Where did the Ohio and Miami rivers lay?
Who threatened "Old Briton" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British?
What did Céloron return to Montreal in November 1749?
What does Céloron say the Natives of these localities are devoted to?
What were reports on the Ohio Country making their way to London and Paris?
What did William Shirley say the French would not be safe as long as the French were present?
When did the British government give land to the Ohio Company of Virginia?
Who gave land to in 1749?
Who opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown?
What was the name of the Treaty of Logstown?
Where did the Indians build a "strong house"?
What is the name of the war of the Austrian Succession?
When did the War of the Austrian Succession end?
What issues were turned over to a commission to resolve?
Which sides claimed Frontiers from Nova Scotia and Acadia in the north?
Who was the Governor-General of New France?
How many men was Langlade given?
What was Céloron's objective?
How many people were killed by the French war party?
Who was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians in 1753?
What was the name of the first construction of the Isle of Presque Isle?
Where did Marin build a second fort?
What did King's orders do to the King's land in the Ohio Valley?
Who was the chief of the Mingo?
Who was Warraghiggey?
What was Johnson known to the Iroquois as?
What colonel did Johnson become in 1746?
Who was the Speaker of their tribal council?
What company did Dinwiddie invest in?
Who was a member of the Virginia Regiment?
Who led the Mingo?
On what date did Washington reach Fort Le Boeuf?
Who succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces?
Who requested an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country?
What did Saint-Pierre say about the Summons you send me to retire?
Who did Cavelier say was superior to the British?
How many men did Contrecur lead south from Fort Venango?
When did Dinwiddie begin construction of a small stockaded fort?
What became Fort Duquesne?
What was the name of the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
Who was the commanding officer of the Canadians?
What did the historian Fred Anderson suggest Tanaghrisson was acting to gain the support of the British?
What did the Duke of Newcastle decide to send an army expedition the following year?
What was the name of the British military plan that leaked to France before Braddock's departure?
Who dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau?
In what year did the British send out their fleet?
What Congress convened in June and July, 1754?
What was the goal of the congress?
What was the plan that the delegates agreed to never ratified by the colonial legislatures?
What format of the congress became the prototype for confederation during the War of Independence?
Who led the expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
What was the cause of the expedition?
How many British soldiers were killed or injured?
Who played key roles in organizing the retreat?
Who did the French acquire a copy of the British war plans?
Why did Shirley's efforts to fortify Oswego be bogged down in logistical difficulties?
What did Shirley do when he was made aware that the French were massing for an attack on Fort Oswego?
Where did Shirley leave at Oswego, Fort Bull, and Fort Williams?
Who was the governor of New France?
What did Vaudreuil send Dieskau to Fort St. Frédéric?
What did both sides withdraw from the battle?
What was the name of the battle between Fort Edward and Fort William Henry?
Where did the French move to?
Who captured Fort Beauséjour?
What did Charles Lawrence order to deport the French-speaking Acadian population from Louisbourg?
Where did the only clashes of any size occur?
Who assumed command of British forces in North America after Braddock's death?
Where did he meet in 1755?
What did he plan to do to capture Niagara, Crown Point and Duquesne?
What did he plan to do to attack Quebec?
Who was Newcastle's second commandant?
Who led the French regular army reinforcements in New France in May 1756?
When did England declare war on France?
Where was Shirley erected?
In what battle did French forces destroy the fort?
How many pounds of gunpowder did French forces destroy in the March Battle of Fort Bull?
What did the British do to the Oswego garrison?
Who refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them?
Where did Montcalm move his headquarters?
What garrison did Montcalm harass?
What did Montcalm and the Indians disagree about?
What was the name of the attack on Quebec?
What did William Henry leave to distract Montcalm?
Who ordered Louisbourg to attack Louisbourg?
Who returned to New York amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry?
Who harassed Fort William Henry during the first half of 1757?
Where did the raid take place in February?
What did some of Montcalm's Indian allies do when the withdrawal began?
What caused a poor harvest in 1757?
What was the result of the machinations of François Bigot?
Where did Montcalm focus his meager resources on?
Which failures in North America led to the fall from power of Newcastle and his principal military advisor?
Who developed the plan for the 1758 campaign?
What was Pitt's plan called for?
How many of the expeditions were successful?
How many Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie's force in the Battle of Carillon?
How many regulars, militia and Native American allies defeated Abercrombie's force?
What did Abercrombie do when he destroyed Fort Frontenac?
What happened to Abercrombie?
What did the duc de Choiseul focus on?
What did Pitt plan to do in the 1759 naval battles at Lagos and Quiberon Bay?
Where did the French Navy fail in the 1759 naval battles?
Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?
What did victory at Fort Niagara do?
What battle did the British lose outside Quebec City?
What battle did the British prevent the arrival of French relief ships?
Who negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst?
What was Vaudreuil's request for French residents to remain in the colony?
Who granted Vaudreuil's request that any French residents who chose to remain in the colony be given freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition?
When did the war in North America end?
What treaty settled the war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War?
What were the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique occupied by the British?
What was the economic value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane?
How many Roman Catholic residents did Britain gain control of French Canada and Acadia?
When did the deportation of Acadians begin?
Where did the British resettle many Acadians?
Where did some Acadians go to?
Who issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 outline?
What was the reservation of lands to its Indian population?
How many people went to Cuba?
Braddock and Forbes constructed what kind of roads to the Ohio Country?
When was the Spanish takeover of Louisiana completed?
Which tribes had a rise in tensions between the British and the British?
What did the elimination of French power mean for many native populations?
What concept did philosophers in antiquity use in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines?
What did Aristotle and Archimedes retain in understanding force?
Who corrected most of the previous misunderstandings about motion and force?
How long did Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion last?
Who developed a theory of relativity that correctly predicted the action of forces on objects with increasing momenta near the speed of light?
What type of model has particle physics devised to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms?
What are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed?
What are the four main interactions known in order of decreasing strength?
What are the four main interactions known in order of decreasing strength?
What are the weak and electromagnetic forces expressions of?
Who provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology?
Aristotle provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of what?
How many elements come to rest at different "natural places" in Aristotle's view?
Where are motionless objects on Earth located?
What type of motion did the innate tendency of objects to find their "natural place" lead to?
When did Galileo Galilei work?
Who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus?
What did Galileo Galilei believe objects in forced motion carried?
Who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus?
What did he argue objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force?
Who states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
What was constant velocity associated with?
Who states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
What law of motion states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
What is the laws of physics in every inertial frame of reference?
What laws do not change from being at rest?
What path does the ball follow in the same direction as the motion of the vehicle?
When traveling in a moving vehicle at a constant velocity, the laws of physics do not change from what?
What also applies equally well to constant velocity motion as to rest?
What concept can be further generalized to explain the tendency of objects to continue in many different forms of constant motion?
What fixes the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year?
Who extended the principle of inertia?
What is the reason astronauts experience when in free-fall orbit around the Earth?
What was one of the foundational foundations for the development of the general theory of relativity?
Which law asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass?
How can accelererations be defined?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What are the relative units of force and mass?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects?
What does the third law mean that there is no force that acts on only one body?
In what magnitude are F and F equal?
The action-reaction force shared between two objects in a closed system will not cause what of the system to accelerate?
In what system of particles, there are no internal forces that are unbalanced?
The action-reaction force shared between two objects in a closed system will not cause the center of what?
How can forces be perceived as pushes or pulls?
How is the intuitive understanding of forces quantified?
Who offers the conceptual definition of force?
What is determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics?
What are forces classified as?
What is the term for scalar quantities?
What prevents such problems?
What is the situation if both of these pieces of information are not known for each force?
What prevents such problems?
In what conditions were forces first investigated?
What properties do additive vector quantities have?
What is the resultant also called when two forces act on a point particle?
What must be specified in order to account for their effects on the motion of the body?
What rule allows the resultant to be determined by the addition of two vectors represented by sides of a parallelogram?
How can forces be resolved?
How many forces can a horizontal force pointing northeast split into?
What does Summing these component forces yield?
For what component, the components of the vector sum are uniquely determined by the scalar addition of the components of the individual vectors?
What can orthogonal force vectors be?
What opposes the applied force between the object and the table surface?
What opposes the applied force between the object and the table surface?
What force is opposed by static friction?
What is the static friction generated between the object and the table surface?
What is the most usual way of measuring forces?
What is the force of gravity applied on an object suspended on a vertical spring scale?
What force does an object suspended on a vertical spring scale experience?
What force does an object suspended on a vertical spring scale experience?
Who expounded his Three Laws of Motion?
Who first described Dynamic equilibrium?
What frame did Galileo realize that simple velocity addition demands that the concept of an "absolute?"
Who first described Dynamic equilibrium?
Where would the falling cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
Where would the falling cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
What occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction?
What opposes the applied force?
What happens in constant velocity motion across a surface?
Who misinterpreted the motion as being caused by the applied force?
What equation describes physics instead of Newtonian equations?
What is the Schrödinger equation instead of?
What are potentials V(x,y,z) or fields treated similar to?
What is the result of a measurement?
What concept keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics?
What is a discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called?
What principle relates the space and spin variables?
What is a discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called?
For what type of spins the position variables must be symmetric?
What type of spins do the spatial variables have to be antisymmetric?
What are forces and acceleration of particles explained as in modern particle physics?
What is a mathematical byproduct of exchange of momentum-carrying gauge bosons?
What is force a redundant concept arising from?
What diagrams are used to describe interactions?
In a Feynman diagram, each matter particle is represented as what?
How many fundamental interactions are the forces in the universe based on?
What are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances?
What type of force acts between electric charges?
What is the gravitational force between?
What does not permit atoms to pass through each other?
Who unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics?
In what century did quantum mechanics develop?
What did the development of fundamental theories for forces follow?
What type of models are Physicists still trying to develop?
Who was responsible for the work of gravity?
Who was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects by determining that the acceleration of every object in free-fall was constant and independent of the mass of the object?
What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth?
What is the magnitude of the acceleration?
What is directly proportional to the mass of an object at the Earth's surface?
What did Newton realize that the effects of gravity might be observed in different ways?
What could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law?
The acceleration due to gravity is proportional to what of the attracting body?
What is a formula that relates the mass () and to the gravitational acceleration?
What is the name of the constant known as?
Who made the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
When was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
What is the name of Universal Gravitation Constant?
What planet did Newton's Law of Gravitation seem to explain?
What is the name of the planet that some astrophysicists predicted the existence of?
What was Albert Einstein's theory?
Who formulated his theory of general relativity?
Who formulated his theory of general relativity?
What theory has been acknowledged as the theory that best explains gravity?
What is the straight line path in space-time called?
What is the time derivative of the changing momentum of the object?
In what sense can the curvature of space-time be observed?
What is the time rate of change of electric charge?
What type of force acts on a charge?
What rule describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field?
What force can be written as a sum of?
Who unified a number of theories into 20 scalar equations?
When did James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of theories into 20 scalar equations?
How many scalar equations did James Clerk Maxwell combine?
How many scalar equations were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs?
Who unified a number of theories into 20 scalar equations?
What theory was attempting to reconcile with two observations?
How was electromagnetism developed?
What did QED mean?
What are wave-particles known as?
What did QED mean?
What is a common misconception to ascribe stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What principle does the characteristics of electrons actually result from?
What are quantum mechanical states for electrons in a material?
What is the result of the existence of a finite set of electron states?
What is a common misconception to ascribe stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What principle does the characteristics of electrons actually result from?
What are quantum mechanical states for electrons in a material?
What is the result of the existence of a finite set of electron states?
What particles does the strong force only act directly upon?
What is observed between hadrons?
What is the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei?
What are the gluons transmitted by the strong force?
What is this phenomenon called?
What is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons?
What is the most familiar effect of neutrons in atomic nuclei?
What is beta decay associated with?
How many times less field strength is the strong force?
How many kelvins is the weak force indistinguishable at?
What is caused by repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact?
What is the reason for the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects?
What is Pauli repulsion due to?
What force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact?
How can Tension forces be modeled?
What can ideal strings be combined with?
Where do ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously?
What does tandem effects result in?
What type of pulley is used in a set-up that connects the same string multiple times to the same object?
How did Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics first describe how forces affect?
What were Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics first developed to describe?
In real life, matter has what type of structure and forces that act on one part of an object might affect other parts of an object?
What parts of an object are affected by the forces that act on one part of the object?
What structure does matter have in real life?
What tensile tensor accounts for forces that cause all strains?
What terms are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What terms are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What is angular velocity for velocity?
What is the result of a torque?
What can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body?
Where is the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object always directed?
What is the velocity vector associated with the motion of an object?
What force felt by any object is always directed toward the center of the curving path?
Where is the unit vector pointing outwards from the center?
What force accelerates the object by slowing it down or speeding it up?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system has an associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between what?
What type of forms can energy convert between?
What is conserved when a conservative force acts on the system?
What is the force related to between two different locations in space?
What can be considered to be an artifact of the contour map of the elevation of an area?
What is impossible to model for physical scenarios?
What is the reason it is impossible to model forces for physical scenarios?
What is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms?
What forces other than friction include contact forces, tension, compression, and drag?
How is the connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces described?
What is the connection between macroscopic and microscopic conservative forces?
What is the connection between macroscopic and microscopic conservative forces?
According to what law of thermodynamics, nonconservative forces result in energy transformations within closed systems?
What is the connection between macroscopic and microscopic conservative forces?
What is the force exerted by gravity on one kilogram of mass?
What is the pound-force called?
What is the metric that accelerates at 1 ms2 when subjected to a force of 1 kgf?
What is equivalent to 1000 lbf?
What is equivalent to 1000 N?