What is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes? Where is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart located? What is the name of the golden statue of the Virgin Mary? Where is the Grotto located? What is the name of the golden statue of the Virgin Mary? What is the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States? What is the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States? What does The Observer do not have a faculty advisor or editorial oversight from the University? What is the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States? What did some students believe The Observer began to show a conservative bias? What is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross? What is the oldest building on campus near the shore of St. Mary lake? What is the oldest building on campus near the shore of St. Mary lake? What has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner? What is the name of the Buechner Prize for Preaching? What is the name of the college that houses the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering? What is the name of the college that houses the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering? What is the name of the college that houses the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering? What is the name of the college that houses the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering? What is the name of the college that houses the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering? What has been recognized as outstanding by the U.S. News & World Report? What is the name of the first year of studies program? What is the name of the first year of studies program? What has been recognized as outstanding by the U.S. News & World Report? What changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees? What does the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs? 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What does Notre Dame practice a non-restrictive early action policy? How many students were admitted to Notre Dame? What is the most representative university in the United States? What year did USA Today rank Notre Dame 10th overall in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges? What year did USA Today rank Notre Dame 10th overall in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges? What ranks Mendoza College of Business as 1st overall? What was the ranking of Notre Dame in 2014? What does ARCHITECT Magazine rank Notre Dame's study abroad program as the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States? Who taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church? Who was Father John Augustine Zahm? Who was Father John Augustine Zahm? What book defended some aspects of evolutionary theory as true? Who taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church? What was the name of the first American to send a wireless message? When did Father Julius Nieuwland perform early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene? When did Father Julius Nieuwland perform early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene? In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene? What was the name of the first American to send a wireless message? What was the name of the pioneering research in germ-free-life? What did Lobund achieve in 1958? What did Lobund achieve in 1958? What did Lobund institute do in 1958? What was the name of the pioneering research in germ-free-life that began in 1928? Who founded the Review of Politics in 1939? Who founded the Review of Politics in 1939? Who edited the Review of Politics? Who founded the Review of Politics in 1939? What was John Jenkins' hope that Notre Dame would become one of the pre-eminent research institutions in the world? What was John Jenkins' hope that Notre Dame would become one of the pre-eminent research institutions in the world? What is the name of the multi-disciplinary institutes in Notre Dame? What is the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index? What is the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index? How many students attended Notre Dame in 2014? What percentage of students are children of alumni? What is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world? What is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world? How many students attended Notre Dame in 2014? How many graduate students live on campus? How many graduate students live on campus? What does the university maintain a visiting policy for students who live in dormitories? How many graduate students live on campus? What does the university maintain a visiting policy for students who live in dormitories? What is the name of the Congregation of Holy Cross? What is a criterion for admission at the Notre Dame KofC? How is Catholic Mass celebrated over 100 times per week on campus? How many chapels are located throughout the Notre Dame KofC campus? What is a criterion for admission at the Notre Dame KofC? What was the name of Washington Hall? What was the main building destroyed by a fire in April 1879? How was the building completed before the fall semester of 1879? How was the building completed before the fall semester of 1879? What was the name of the science hall that housed multiple classrooms and science labs? What was the name of the president of Notre Dame? How did Notre Dame continue to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president? What was the name of the president of Notre Dame? What was the name of the president of Notre Dame? What did the Jesuit colleges shut out of Harvard Law School? Who became head coach of Notre Dame in 1918? What was the record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish? How did the Irish win the Rose Bowl in 1925? What is the highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I/FBS football history? What is the highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I/FBS football history? What did the Catholics rally around Notre Dame in the 1920s? What was the most remarkable episode of violence between Notre Dame and the Ku Klux Klan in 1924? What did Knute Rockne say was an omen and a contribution to the downfall of the KKK in Indiana? What did the Klan decide to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend? What did the Klan decide to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend? Who was O'Hara elected vice-president in 1933? Who was O'Hara elected vice-president in 1933? What did O'Hara believe the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to "acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate" Notre Dame? What did O'Hara believe the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to "acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate" Notre Dame? What did O'Hara write about notre Dame football? Who established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute? What was the name of the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies? Who established a system of advisory councils at Notre Dame? Who was the president of Notre Dame from 1946 to 1952? Who established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute? Who served as president for 35 years? What was the annual operating budget of the Rev. Theodore Hesburgh? What was the annual operating budget of the Rev. Theodore Hesburgh? Who served as president for 35 years? How many degrees did Enrollment nearly double from 4,979 to 9,600? Who is credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution? What did the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy say is anachronistic and out of place? What was the name of the Vice President of Student Affairs of Notre Dame? What was Angela Sienko's bachelor's degree? What was the name of the co-exchange program in the mid-1960s? How did Edward Malloy increase the faculty by more than 500 professors? What was the largest in the history of Catholic higher education? What was the largest in the history of Catholic higher education? What was Notre Dame's most recent capital campaign? What was the largest in the history of Catholic higher education? Who was the 17th president of Notre Dame? Who was the 17th president of Notre Dame? Who was the 17th president of Notre Dame? What is the name of the new addition to the Campus Crossroads? What is the name of the new addition to the Campus Crossroads? What is one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross? Where is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart located? What is the interior of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart built in French Revival style? Who painted the interior of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart? What is the name of the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes? What is the name of the 4-story building that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities? What was the name of the Science Hall? What was the name of the Science Hall? What is the name of the 4-story LaFortune Center? What is LaFortune's annual budget? How many residence halls have been built to accommodate students? What has been added to the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center? What has been added to the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center? What was the name of the new residence for men in the fall of 2009? What is the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball? What has the University of Notre Dame made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission? What did the University of Notre Dame receive a "B" grade? What was the University of Notre Dame's "B" grade? Who is a current faculty member of the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies? What has the University had a presence in London since 1968? What is the name of the London center that enables the Colleges of Arts & Letters, Business Administration, Science, Engineering and the Law School to develop their own programs in London? What are the other Global Gateways located in Beijing, Chicago, Dublin, and Rome? What is the name of the London center that enables the Colleges of Arts & Letters, Business Administration, Science, Engineering and the Law School to develop their own programs in London? What was Saint Louis's first academic curriculum? What was Saint Louis's first academic curriculum? What was Saint Louis's first academic curriculum? What was the name of the college's first academic curriculum? How many undergraduates and 750 graduates are enrolled in the College of Arts and Letters? Who established the College of Science in 1865? Who established the College of Science in 1865? What was the name of the college of science? What is one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school in the United States? What is the highest acceptance rate to medical school in the United States? What is the name of the school that offers the Bachelor of Architecture degree? What does Notre Dame School of Architecture offer? What does Notre Dame School of Architecture offer? What is the name of Notre Dame School of Architecture? What is the name of the Driehaus Architecture Prize? What was the first branch of the library to be housed in a dorm room? What is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room? What was the largest library in the world upon its completion? 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What is the name of the NDtv station? What is the name of the television station that serves the South Bend community at 88.9 FM? What is the name of the radio station that began as a partner of WSND-FM? What is the name of the radio station that began as a partner of WVFI? When did the first phase of Eddy Street Commons break ground? What did the first phase of Eddy Street Commons break ground on June 3, 2008? What has led to criticism from alumni and students? What drew union protests when the first phase of Eddy Street Commons broke ground? What drew union protests when the first phase of Eddy Street Commons broke ground? What is the name of the Fighting Irish team? What type of sports did the Fighting Irish compete in the Horizon League? What do the Fighting Irish teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference? What do the Fighting Irish teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference? What type of sports did the Fighting Irish compete in the Horizon League? What did Notre Dame's fencing affiliation change in July 2014? What did Notre Dame's fencing affiliation change in July 2014? What did Notre Dame move its hockey team to Hockey East? What are the official colors of Notre Dame? What is the name of the mascot of Notre Dame's athletic teams? What is the most lucrative contract in the history of the NCAA? What is the most lucrative contract in the history of the NCAA? What is the name of the university marching band? What is the name of the university marching band? What does the Notre Dame Victory March rank as the greatest fight song of all time? What is the name of the long history of Notre Dame football? What is the name of the long history of Notre Dame football? What does Notre Dame have the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame? What is the name of the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country? What does Notre Dame have the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame? Who played semiprofessional baseball? What film was Knute Rockne's final conversation with the dying Gipp? What film starred Pat O'Brien and Ronald Reagan as Gipp? Who played semiprofessional baseball? What is the name of the team that competes in Notre Dame Stadium? What is the main theme of the Drummers' Circle? What is the drum line of the Band of the Fighting Irish? What is the name of the concert that will lead fans and students across the campus to the Notre Dame Stadium? What will the trumpet section play the Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater? What happens to the drum line of the Band of the Fighting Irish? Who holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the NCAA Tournament? Who holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the NCAA Tournament? Who holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the NCAA Tournament? Who holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the NCAA Tournament? What is the name of the team that is coached by Mike Brey? Who wrote the lyrics of the "Notre Dame Victory March"? Who wrote the lyrics of the "Notre Dame Victory March"? Who wrote the lyrics of the "Notre Dame Victory March"? What is the chorus of "Notre Dame Victory March"? What is the name of the song "Notre Dame Victory March"? Who played George Gipp in the movie Airplane!? What was the name of the movie Rudy? What was the name of the movie Rudy? What movie honors George Zipp? Who played George Gipp in the film Knute Rockne? Who is Eric F. Wieschaus? What is the name of the alumnus of the College of Science? Who is the current president of Notre Dame? What other notable alumni are Edward J. DeBartolo and Jim Wetherbee? What is one of the notable alumni of Notre Dame? Which group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time? Which group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time? What was Beyoncé's debut album? 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What was Beyoncé's feature-length documentary film? What did Beyoncé sign a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music? Who performed the American national anthem? Who performed the American national anthem? Who performed the American national anthem? What is the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute? Who performed the American national anthem? Who performed the American national anthem? When did Beyoncé perform the American national anthem? When did Beyoncé perform at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show? What was Beyoncé's feature-length documentary film? What was the most successful tour of Beyoncé's career? What was the most successful tour of Beyoncé's career? Who recorded Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film Epic? What did Beyoncé voice Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film Epic? What was the most successful tour of Beyoncé's career? Who was the honorary chair of the 2013 Met Gala? What did Beyoncé voice Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film Epic? Who recorded Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film Epic? What was the most successful tour of Beyoncé's career? What was the most successful tour of Beyoncé's career? What was Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black"? What was Beyoncé's honorary chair of the 2013 Met Gala? What did Beyoncé voice Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film Epic? What was Beyoncé's fifth studio album released on the iTunes Store? What was Beyoncé's fifth studio album released on the iTunes Store? What was Beyoncé's fifth studio album released on the iTunes Store? What was the name of the single "Drunk in Love"? What did Forbes report that Beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row? What did Forbes report that Beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row? What was Beyoncé's fifth studio album released on the iTunes Store? What was Beyoncé's success? What was the name of the single "Drunk in Love"? How did Beyoncé receive the Video Vanguard Award at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards? What was Beyoncé nominated for Album of the Year? What was Beyoncé nominated for Album of the Year? What did Beyoncé become the first African-American artist to cover the September issue of Vogue magazine? What was Beyoncé's featured appearance on the track "Hymn for the Weekend"? What was Beyoncé nominated for Album of the Year? What was Beyoncé nominated for Album of the Year? What was Beyoncé's featured appearance on the track "Hymn for the Weekend"? What was Beyoncé nominated for Album of the Year? What did Beyoncé become the first African-American artist to cover the September issue of Vogue magazine? What was Beyoncé's featured appearance on the track "Hymn for the Weekend"? What was Beyoncé's featured appearance on the track "Hymn for the Weekend"? What was Beyoncé nominated for Album of the Year? What was Beyoncé nominated for Album of the Year? What was Beyoncé nominated for Album of the Year? What did Beyoncé become the first African-American artist to cover the September issue of Vogue magazine? What was Beyoncé's featured appearance on the track "Hymn for the Weekend"? What did Beyoncé release on Tidal on February 6, 2016? When did Beyoncé release a new single on Tidal? When did Beyoncé release a new single on Tidal? What did Beyoncé release on Tidal on February 6, 2016? What did Beyoncé release on Tidal on February 6, 2016? What did Beyoncé release on Tidal on February 6, 2016? When did Beyoncé release a new single on Tidal? What did Beyoncé release on Tidal on February 6, 2016? How many records have Beyoncé and Jay Z sold together? What happened to Beyoncé and Jay Z in April 2011? What happened to Beyoncé's miscarriage in 2010 or 2011? Who appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for "'03 Bonnie & Clyde"? When did Beyoncé and Jay Z marry without publicity? How many records have Beyoncé and Jay Z sold together? When did Beyoncé return to the studio? What happened to Beyoncé and Jay Z in April 2011? Who appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for '03 Bonnie & Clyde'? When did Beyoncé and Jay Z marry without publicity? How many records have Beyoncé and Jay Z sold together? What happened to Beyoncé's miscarriage in 2010 or 2011? What happened to Beyoncé and Jay Z in April 2011? When did Beyoncé drop her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach? When did Beyoncé drop her microphone, unbuttone her blazer and rubbed her stomach? What was the most Googled term for "Beyonce pregnant"? When did Beyoncé drop her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach? What was the most Googled term for "Beyonce pregnant"? What was the most Googled term for "Beyonce pregnant"? What was the most Googled term for "Beyonce pregnant"? When did Beyoncé drop her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach? When did Beyoncé drop her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach? When did Beyoncé drop her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach? What was the most Googled term for "Beyonce pregnant"? What was the most Googled term for "Beyonce pregnant"? How did Jay Z release "Glory"? How did Jay Z release Glory? When did Jay Z release "Glory"? When did Jay Z release "Glory"? How did Jay Z release Glory? When did Jay Z release "Glory"? What is the name of the song that Beyoncé was credited as on? When did Jay Z release "Glory"? When did Jay Z release "Glory"? How did Jay Z release Glory? What is the name of the song that Beyoncé was credited with? What is the name of the song that Beyoncé was credited as on? When did Beyoncé and Jay-Z attend a rally in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman? What did Beyoncé perform at the 2009 presidential inauguration? Who did Beyoncé and Jay Z hold a fundraiser at the 40/40 Club in Manhattan? What did Beyoncé publicly endorse same sex marriage? When did Beyoncé and Jay-Z attend a rally in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman? What did Beyoncé perform at the 2009 presidential inauguration? What did Beyoncé perform at the 2009 presidential inauguration? What did Beyoncé perform at the 2009 presidential inauguration? What did Beyoncé upload pictures of her paper ballot on Tumblr? What did Beyoncé publicly endorse same sex marriage? What did Beyoncé say she is a modern-day feminist? What has Beyoncé contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign? What did Beyoncé say she is a modern-day feminist? What did Beyoncé say she is a modern-day feminist? What has Beyoncé contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign? What did Beyoncé do to the Ban Bossy campaign? What has Beyoncé contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign? What did Beyoncé do to the Ban Bossy campaign? What has Beyoncé contributed to the Ban Bossy campaign? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé sign in 2015? What did Beyoncé and Jay-Z do after Gray's death? What did Beyoncé and Jay-Z do after Gray's death? What did Beyoncé and Jay-Z do after Gray's death? What did Beyoncé and Jay-Z do after Gray's death? Which magazine reported Beyoncé's earnings in 2008? What was Beyoncé's earnings from 2009 to 2011? Who estimated that by the end of 2014, Beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history? What is Beyoncé's net worth estimated to be? Which magazine reported Beyoncé's earnings in 2008? Which magazine reported Beyoncé's earnings in 2008? What year did Beyoncé earn an average of $70 million per year? What was the first time Beyoncé topped the Forbes Celebrity 100 list? What is Beyoncé's net worth estimated to be? Which magazine reported Beyoncé's earnings in 2008? Who estimated that by the end of 2014, Beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history? Who estimated that by the end of 2014, Beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history? What year was Beyoncé published as the fourth most-powerful celebrity in the Forbes rankings? Who describes Beyoncé's vocal range as one of the most compelling instruments in popular music? Which critic describes Beyoncé's voice as "one of the most compelling instruments in popular music"? Who calls Beyoncé's voice "versatile"? Who calls Beyoncé's voice "versatile"? Who describes Beyoncé's vocal range as one of the most compelling instruments in popular music? Who calls Beyoncé's voice versatile? Who calls Beyoncé's voice "versatile"? Which critic praises Beyoncé's range and power? Who describes Beyoncé's vocal range as one of the most compelling instruments in popular music? What does The Daily Mail call Beyoncé's voice "versatile"? Jon Pareles of The New York Times commented that Beyoncé's voice is "velvety yet tart, with an insistent flutter and reserves of soul belting" What critics praise Beyoncé's vocal style? What was Beyoncé's first R&B release? What was Beyoncé's first R&B release? What did Rudy Perez coach Beyoncé phonetically? How did Beyoncé record Spanish songs for Irreemplazable? Which American record producer coached Beyoncé phonetically? What was Beyoncé's first R&B release? What did Rudy Perez coach Beyoncé phonetically? What did Rudy Perez coach Beyoncé phonetically? What did Rudy Perez coach Beyoncé phonetically? What was Beyoncé's first R&B release? What did Rudy Perez coach Beyoncé phonetically? What did Rudy Perez coach Beyoncé phonetically? What did Rudy Perez teach Beyoncé? What does Beyoncé do not formulate beats herself? What has Beyoncé received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved? What has Beyoncé received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved? What has Beyoncé received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved? What has Beyoncé received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved? What does Beyoncé do not formulate beats herself? What has Beyoncé received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved? What has Beyoncé received co-producing credits for most of the records in which she has been involved? What does Beyoncé do not formulate beats herself? What was Beyoncé the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs? Who was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs? What is Beyoncé tied with Diane Warren at third with nine songwriting credits on number-one singles? What was Beyoncé's name? Who was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs? What was Beyoncé the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs? What was Beyoncé's name? What was Beyoncé the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs? Who was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs? What did Beyoncé become the first African-American woman to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award? What was Beyoncé the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs? What was Beyoncé's name? Who names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence? How old was Beyoncé when she presented Michael Jackson with a tribute award? Who names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence? What does Beyoncé say Michael Jackson was influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child? Who names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence? What does Beyoncé say Michael Jackson is influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child? Who names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence? Who names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence? What does Beyoncé admire Diana Ross as an "all-around entertainer"? What does Beyoncé admire Diana Ross as an "all-around entertainer"? What does Beyoncé say Michael Jackson is influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child? What did Beyoncé pay homage to Baker? What did Beyoncé pay homage to Baker? What was Beyoncé's third solo album I Am? What did Beyoncé pay homage to Baker? What was Beyoncé's third solo album I Am? What was Beyoncé's third solo album I Am? What was Beyoncé's third solo album I Am? What was Beyoncé's third solo album I Am? What has Beyoncé stated that she is personally inspired by Michelle Obama? What did Beyoncé say Madonna inspired her to take control of her career? What has Beyoncé stated that she is personally inspired by Michelle Obama? What has Beyoncé stated that she is personally inspired by Michelle Obama? What has Beyoncé stated that she is personally inspired by Michelle Obama? What has Beyoncé expressed admiration for Jean-Michel Basquiat? What did Beyoncé say Madonna inspired her to take control of her career? What has Beyoncé expressed admiration for Jean-Michel Basquiat? What has Beyoncé stated that she is personally inspired by Michelle Obama? What has Beyoncé stated that she is personally inspired by Michelle Obama? What has Beyoncé expressed admiration for Jean-Michel Basquiat? What did Beyoncé say Madonna inspired her to take control of her career? What did Beyoncé introduce her all-female tour band Suga Mama? What group made their debut appearance at the 2006 BET Awards? What group made their debut appearance at the 2006 BET Awards? What did Beyoncé introduce her all-female tour band Suga Mama? What did Beyoncé introduce her all-female tour band Suga Mama? What did Beyoncé introduce her all-female tour band Suga Mama? What have Beyoncé supported in most subsequent live performances? What did Beyoncé introduce her all-female tour band Suga Mama? What did Beyoncé introduce her all-female tour band Suga Mama? What did Beyoncé introduce to her all-female tour band Suga Mama? What group made their debut appearance at the 2006 BET Awards? What have Beyoncé supported in most subsequent live performances? Who praised Beyoncé for her stage presence and voice during live performances? Who described Beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive? Who praised Beyoncé for her stage presence and voice during live performances? Who placed Beyoncé at number one on her list of the Five Best Singer/Dancers? Who described Beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive? What has Beyoncé been described as the greatest entertainer alive? Who placed Beyoncé at number one on her list of the Five Best Singer/Dancers? Who described Beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive? What did Beyoncé describe Sasha as being "too aggressive, too strong, too sassy and too sexy"? What was Sasha conceived during the making of "Crazy in Love"? When did Beyoncé announce that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce? What did Beyoncé announce in May 2012 that she would bring her back for her Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live shows later that month? What did Beyoncé describe Sasha as being too aggressive, too strong, too sassy and too sexy? What did Beyoncé announce in May 2012 that she would bring her back for her Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live shows later that month? What did Beyoncé release in May 2012? What album was Sasha Fierce released in 2008? What did Beyoncé say she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce? When did Beyoncé announce that she was comfortable enough with herself to no longer need Sasha Fierce? What has Beyoncé been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal? What has Beyoncé been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal? What was the term " Bootylicious" used to describe Beyoncé? What was the term "Bootylicious" used to describe Beyoncé? What was the term " Bootylicious" used to describe Beyoncé? What was the term " Bootylicious" used to describe Beyoncé? When was the term "Bootylicious" added to the Oxford English Dictionary? What has Beyoncé been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal? What was the term " Bootylicious" used to describe Beyoncé? When was the term "Bootylicious" added to the Oxford English Dictionary? What does Beyoncé say her onstage dress is "absolutely for the stage"? What was Beyoncé named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012? What was Beyoncé named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012? What was Beyoncé named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012? What was Beyoncé listed on its 100 Sexiest Artists list? How many wax figures of Beyoncé are found at Madame Tussauds Wax Museums? What was Beyoncé named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012? What was Beyoncé named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012? What was Beyoncé listed on its 100 Sexiest Artists list? How many wax figures of Beyoncé are found at Madame Tussauds Wax Museums? When did Beyoncé make her runway modelling debut? What was Beyoncé named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People and the "Hottest Female Singer of All Time" by Complex in 2012? What was Beyoncé named "World's Most Beautiful Woman" by People? How many wax figures of Beyoncé are found at Madame Tussauds Wax Museums? What was the B'Day Anthology Video Album? What did Beyoncé become the second African American woman after Tyra Banks? What was the B'Day Anthology Video Album? What did Beyoncé become the second African American woman after Tyra Banks? What did Beyoncé become the second African American woman after Tyra Banks? What did Beyoncé become the second African American woman after Tyra Banks? What did Beyoncé become the second African American woman after Tyra Banks? What is the name given to Beyoncé's fan base? What was the name Bey Hive originally given to Beyoncé's fan base? What is the name Bey Hive? What is the name given to Beyoncé's fan base? What was the name Bey Hive originally given to Beyoncé's fan base? What is the name given to Beyoncé's fan base? What was the name Bey Hive originally given to Beyoncé's fan base? What is the name Bey Hive? What did PETA criticize Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon? What did PETA say Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce"? What did PETA say Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce"? What did PETA criticize Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon? What did PETA criticize Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon? What did PETA say Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce"? What did PETA say Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce"? What did PETA say Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce"? What did PETA say Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce"? What did PETA say Beyoncé's look was "far from the glamorous Sasha Fierce"? Which professor of music at Northeastern University wrote in 2007 that race plays a role in many of these criticisms? Which professor of music at Northeastern University wrote in 2007 that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms? In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements? In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements? In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements? Which professor of music at Northeastern University wrote in 2007 that race plays a role in many of these criticisms? Which professor of music at Northeastern University wrote in 2007 that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms? In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements? In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements? In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements? What did Llewyn-Smith write about Beyoncé? What did Baz Luhrmann say Beyoncé is the heir-apparent diva of the USA? When was Beyoncé listed on the Time 100? What did Llewyn-Smith write about Beyoncé? What did Baz Luhrmann say Beyoncé is the heir-apparent diva of the USA? When was Beyoncé listed on the Time 100? What did Baz Luhrmann write about Beyoncé? What did Jody Rosen describe Beyoncé as the most important and compelling popular musician of the twenty-first century? What did Llewyn-Smith write about Beyoncé? What did Baz Luhrmann write about Beyoncé? What did Baz Luhrmann write about Beyoncé? When was Beyoncé listed on the Time 100? Which American band cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? Which American band cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? Who said seeing Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial influenced her decision to appear in the company's 2012 global campaign? Who said seeing Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial influenced her decision to appear in the company's 2012 global campaign? Which American band cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? Which American band cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? Which group cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? Which American band cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? Which American band cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? Which American band cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? What group cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? Who said seeing Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial influenced her decision to appear in the company's 2012 global campaign? What was Drake's debut single "Single Ladies"? What was Drake's debut single "Crazy in Love"? What was Drake's debut single "Crazy in Love"? What was the name of Scaptia beyonceae? What was the name of the Beyoncé exhibit? What was Drake's debut single "Single Ladies"? What was Drake's debut single "Crazy in Love"? What was Drake's debut single "Crazy in Love"? What was the name of Drake's debut single? What was Drake's debut single "Crazy in Love"? What was the name of Drake's debut single? What was the name of Scaptia beyonceae? What is Beyoncé's status as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What is Beyoncé's status as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What organization listed Beyoncé as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What is Beyoncé's status as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What has Beyoncé received numerous awards? What is Beyoncé's status as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What is Beyoncé's status as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What is Beyoncé's status as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What award did Beyoncé receive at the 2011 Billboard Music Awards? What organization listed Beyoncé as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What is Beyoncé's status as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What is Beyoncé's status as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What organization listed Beyoncé as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What organization listed Beyoncé as the top certified artist of the 2000s? What award did Beyoncé receive at the 2011 Billboard Music Awards? Who won Song of the Year in 2010? Who won Song of the Year in 2010? Who won Song of the Year in 2010? What was Beyoncé's record for the most Grammy awards? What award did Beyoncé win at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2006? Who won Song of the Year in 2010? Who won Song of the Year in 2010? What song did Sasha Fierce win in 2010? What was Beyoncé's record for the most Grammy awards? Who won Song of the Year in 2010? Who won Song of the Year in 2010? What song did Sasha Fierce win in 2010? What was Beyoncé's record for Best Original Song for "Listen" and Best Original Soundtrack for Dreamgirls? Who signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi? What did the Center for Science in the Public Interest write Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal? What did the Center for Science in the Public Interest ask Beyoncé to reconsider the deal? What did NetBase find that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013? Who signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi? Who signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi? Who wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal? What did the Center for Science in the Public Interest ask Beyoncé to reconsider the deal? Who signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi? What did the Center for Science in the Public Interest write Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal? What did the Center for Science in the Public Interest ask Beyoncé to reconsider the deal? What did NetBase find that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013? Who launched her first official fragrance, Heat in 2010? Who launched her first official fragrance, Heat in 2010? When did Beyoncé launch her first official fragrance? When was The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition version of Heat released? What is the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line? When did Beyoncé launch her first official fragrance? When did Beyoncé launch Pulse? When was The Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition version of Heat released? What is the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line? Who launched her first official fragrance, Heat in 2010? What did Beyoncé launch in 2010? When did Beyoncé launch her first official fragrance? What is the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line? Who has had deals with American Express, Nintendo DS and L'Oréal since the age of 18? Why was Starpower: Beyoncé cancelled? Who has had deals with American Express, Nintendo DS and L'Oréal since the age of 18? Why was Starpower: Beyoncé cancelled? Why was Starpower: Beyoncé cancelled? Why was Starpower: Beyoncé cancelled? Why was Starpower: Beyoncé cancelled? Why was Starpower: Beyoncé cancelled? Why was Starpower: Beyoncé cancelled? Why was Starpower: Beyoncé cancelled? What was the name of the division that Beyoncé is partnering with to break into the activewear market? What was the name of the division that was created for Topshop to break into the activewear market? What was the name of the division that was created for Topshop to break into the activewear market? Which company is set to launch and hit stores in the fall of 2015? What was the name of the division that Beyoncé is partnering with to break into the activewear market? Which company is set to launch and hit stores in the fall of 2015? What was the name of the division that Beyoncé is partnering with? What was the name of the division that Beyoncé is partnering with to break into the activewear market? What was the name of the division that Beyoncé is partnering with? What was the name of the division that was created for Topshop to break into the activewear market? What was the name of the co-owner of Tidal? How did Jay Z acquire the parent company of Tidal in the first quarter of 2015? What was the name of the co-owner of Tidal? What was the name of the co-owner of Tidal? What was the challenge of having an all artist owned streaming service? What was the name of the co-owner of Tidal? How did Jay Z acquire the parent company of Tidal in the first quarter of 2015? How did Jay Z acquire the parent company of Tidal in the first quarter of 2015? What was the challenge of having an all artist owned streaming service? Who introduced House of Deréon? What is the overall style of House of Deréon inspired by? What company does Beyond Productions provide licensing and brand management for House of Deréon? What is the name of the collection of House of Deréon? What type of collection is House of Deréon? Who introduced House of Deréon? Who introduced House of Deréon? What is the overall style of House of Deréon inspired by? What type of pieces were exhibited in Destiny's Child's shows and tours? Who introduced House of Deréon? What did Beyoncé and her mother founded Beyond Productions? In 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with House of Brands to produce a range of footwear for House of Deréon? What did Beyoncé teamed up with C&A to launch Deréon? What did Beyoncé and her mother launch for back-to-school selling? What did Sasha Fierce feature in the House of Deréon collection? What did Beyoncé and her mother launch for back-to-school selling? What did Beyoncé teamed up with C&A to launch Deréon? In 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with House of Brands to produce a range of footwear for House of Deréon? What did Beyoncé launch in 2009? What did Beyoncé and her mother launch for back-to-school selling? What did Beyoncé teamed up with C&A to launch Deréon? What did Beyoncé teamed up with C&A to launch Deréon? What did Beyoncé sign a deal to launch an activewear line of clothing with Topshop? What is Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd? What is Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd? What is Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd? What is the name of the line that Beyoncé will launch in April 2016? What did Beyoncé sign a deal to launch an activewear line of clothing with Topshop? What is Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd? What did Beyoncé sign a deal to launch an activewear line? What did Beyoncé and Rowland contribute to the Survivor Foundation? What did Beyoncé and Rowland contribute to the Survivor Foundation? What has the Survivor Foundation expanded to work with other charities in Houston? What did Beyoncé and Rowland contribute to the Survivor Foundation? What did Beyoncé and Rowland contribute to the Survivor Foundation? What has the Survivor Foundation expanded to work with other charities in Houston? What did Beyoncé and Rowland contribute to the Survivor Foundation? What did Beyoncé and Rowland do after Hurricane Katrina? What has the Survivor Foundation expanded to work with other charities in Houston? Who was the official face of the limited edition CFDA "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt? When did Beyoncé open the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center? What did Beyoncé release after the death of Osama bin Laden? Who was the official face of the limited edition CFDA "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt? When did Beyoncé open the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center? What did Beyoncé release after the death of Osama bin Laden? Who was the official face of the limited edition CFDA "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt? Who was the official face of the limited edition CFDA "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt? How did Beyoncé join forces with Michelle Obama and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation? What did Beyoncé release after the death of Osama bin Laden? What did Beyoncé become an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign? What did Beyoncé become an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign? What charity does Miss a Meal support? What was the name of the concert for Beyoncé? What did Beyoncé say about her mother Tina Knowles? How did Beyoncé work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign? What was the name of the Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign? What is the name of the crowdfunding platform Catapult? What did Beyoncé become an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign? What did Beyoncé become an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign? What did Beyoncé become an ambassador for the 2012 World Humanitarian Day campaign? How did Beyoncé work with Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini on a Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign? What is Montana's name derived from the Spanish word montaa? What is Montana ranked 4th in size? What is Montana ranked 4th in size? How many named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains? What is Montana's name derived from the Spanish word montaa? What was the ponderosa pine selected by Montana schoolchildren as the preferred state tree? What did Montana schoolchildren choose the western meadowlark as the state bird? What did the students of Livingston start a statewide school petition drive? What did the students of Livingston start a statewide school petition drive? What did the students of Livingston start a statewide school petition drive? What was the name of the state song composed by Joseph E. Howard? What was the name of the motto of Oro y Plata? What was Oro y Plata's motto? What was Oro y Plata's motto? What was the name of the state flower adopted in 1895? What was the name of the state flower adopted in 1895? According to the 2010 U.S. Census, what percentage of Montana's population is in Meagher County? How many counties have the United States Census Bureau? What are the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas? What are the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas? What was the name Montaa del Norte? What was the name Montana given by early Spanish explorers to the entire mountainous region of the west? What is the fourth largest state in the United States? What state borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east? What state borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east? The Absaroka and Beartooth ranges are technically part of the Central Rocky Mountains? About 60 percent of Montana is prairie, part of the northern Great Plains? Which section of the Divide is most pronounced in the Lewis Range? What is the name of the river that flows north into Hudson Bay? What is the largest continuous land mass in the continental United States? What is the highest point in the state? What is the highest point in the state? Who holds one of the state's U.S. Senate seats? What is the name of the lone congressional district that has been Republican since 1996? What is the state Senate controlled by the Republicans 29 to 21, and the State House of Representatives at 59 to 41? What is the state Senate controlled by the Republicans 29 to 21? What was Montana considered a swing state? What did Montana last support a Democrat for president in 1992? What was Montana considered a swing state? What was Montana considered a swing state? What is the busiest airport in Montana? What is the busiest airport in Montana? What is Montana's largest railroad? What has been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s? What is the name of Montana's big game hunting tradition? What is a spring hunting season for black bear? What law allows both hunting and trapping of a specific number of wolves and mountain lions? What state has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s? What is Montana's home to the Federation of Fly Fishers? What was the name of Robert Redford's 1992 film of Norman Mclean's novel? What was Robert Redford's 1992 film of Norman Mclean's novel A River Runs Through It? What was the name of the state that was formed on April 26, 1864? What was the name of the first formal school in Montana? What was the cost of a subscription school in the Montana Territory? What was the name of the first public school in Virginia City? What is one of the few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three major watersheds? What feeds the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay? What is Montana's watershed at Triple Divide Peak? What feeds the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay? Where does the Missouri River flow north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls? What is the name of the Missouri River that flows north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls? Where does the Missouri River flow north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls? What was designated a National Wild and Scenic River in 1976? Along with Billings, Miles City, Glendive, and Sidney, what is the Yellowstone River? What is the longest undammed, free-flowing river in the contiguous United States? How many lakes and reservoirs are in Montana? How many lakes and reservoirs are in Montana? What is the largest reservoir in Montana? What is the largest reservoir in Montana? What type of flowers are native to Montana? What is Montana's largest grizzly bear population? What state has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states? How many species of grizzly bears are in Montana? What does the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manage for at least 17 species of game fish? What is the average annual precipitation? What is the most precipitation on the west side of a mountain range? How much snow does the Grinnell Glacier get? What is Montana's personal income tax? What is Montana's personal income tax? What is Montana's personal income tax? How many people of Native American heritage live in Montana? What is the name of the Little Shell Chippewa? What is the name of the Little Shell Chippewa? What is the name of the Little Shell Chippewa? What percentage of Montanans live off the reservation? What is the largest European-American population in Montana? What did Helena have a similar mix in addition to a small Chinatown? What is the sixth highest percentage of Montana's population? What are the three counties in which Native Americans are a majority? What percentage of Montana's Native Americans live in urban areas? What is the hottest month ever recorded in Montana? What is the hottest month ever recorded in Montana? What has led to a substantial increase in the severity of forest fires in Montana? What was the Hellgate treaty ratified in 1859? What was the Hellgate treaty ratified in 1859? When was the Hellgate treaty ratified? What became the Flathead Indian Reservation? What was the first U.S. Army post established in Montana? What was the first U.S. Army post established in Montana? What major battles occurred in Montana during the Red Cloud's War? What was the last recorded conflict in Montana between the U.S. Army and Native Americans? What is the official language in Montana? What is the most commonly spoken language in Montana? What is the most commonly spoken language in Montana? How many Spanish-language speakers were in Montana in 2011? What did the United States Department of Education estimate in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English? What are the largest European ancestry groups in Montana? What are the largest European ancestry groups in Montana? What are the largest European ancestry groups in Montana? What did the 2010 census estimate that the population of Montana was 989,415? What was the average increase in Montana's population since 2010? What was Kalispell's population growth in the first decade of the new century? What was Kalispell's population growth? How did Jeannette Rankin vote against the United States' declaration of war? How did Jeannette Rankin vote against the United States' declaration of war? What did pacifists send to Montana during the war as smokejumpers? How many bison were destroyed in Montana in 1870? How did commercial hunting bring bison to the bringe of extinction? What did General Philip Sheridan plea to authorize the slaughtering of herds? What did General Philip Sheridan plead to authorize the slaughtering of herds? What did the NPR play a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s? What did the NPR play a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s? What was the name of the leader of the NPR? What helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876? When was the transcontinental NPR completed? Who did Montanans hold a constitutional convention in 1866? Who did Montanans hold a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood? What was the second constitutional convention held in Helena in 1884? What did Congress approve Montana statehood in February 1889? What did Congress approve Montana statehood in February 1889? What did Montana not see a large influx of immigrants from the Homestead Act of 1862? What did Montana not see a large influx of immigrants from the Homestead Act of 1862? What was the name of the first homestead claim in Montana? What act allowed settlement of arid lands in the west? What act allowed settlement of arid lands in the west? What act allowed settlement of arid lands in the west? What did James J. Hill promote in the early 1900s? When was the Reclamation Act passed? What did the Stock-Raising Homestead Act allow homesteads of 640 acres in areas unsuitable for irrigation? What did the Stock-Raising Homestead Act allow homesteads of 640 acres in areas unsuitable for irrigation? When did the Espionage Act of 1917 pass? When did the Espionage Act of 1917 pass? How did the Montana Sedition Act criminalize criticism of the U.S. government? How many people were convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act? How many people were convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act? How many Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year of World War II? How many Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year of World War II? How many Montanans died in the war? What was the training ground for the First Special Service Force? What were the Air bases built in Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow? What is the aim of the Genocide Convention? What was the aim of the Genocide Convention? Who found that Genocide had been committed in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic? Who found that Genocide had been committed in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic? What does the Appeals Chamber go into details of other cases and the opinions of respected commentators on the Genocide Convention to explain how they came to this conclusion? What did the ECHR consider biological-physical destruction necessary for an act to qualify as genocide? What did the ECHR consider biological-physical destruction necessary for an act to qualify as genocide? What did the ECHR consider biological-physical destruction necessary for an act to qualify as genocide? What did the ECHR consider biological-physical destruction necessary for an act to qualify as genocide? What did the ECHR review the judgements of several international and municipal courts? What was the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide? What did Lemkin campaign for universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides? What did Lemkin campaign for universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides? When did the UN General Assembly adopt the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide? When did the UN General Assembly adopt the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide? What did the USSR argue that the Convention should follow the etymology of the term? What did the USSR argue that the Convention should follow the etymology of the term? What did the USSR believe would invite international intervention in domestic politics? What did William Schabas say about the Soviet machination? What did the USSR argue that the Convention's definition should follow the etymology of the term? What did the European Court of Human Rights do in 2007? What did the European Court of Human Rights consider biological-physical destruction necessary to qualify as genocide? What did the European Court of Human Rights do in 2007? What did the European Court of Human Rights consider biological-physical destruction necessary to qualify as genocide? What was Lemming's concept of mobilizing the international relations and community? What was Lemming's concept of mobilizing the international relations and community? Who coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? Who coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? Who coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? Who coined the term ritualcide to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? Who coined the term "ritualcide" to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? What was Lemming's concept of mobilizing the international relations and community? What is the focus of the study of genocide? What is viewed as the deliberate killing of a certain group? What is often seen to escape the process of trial and prosecution due to the fact that genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area? What is often seen to escape the process of trial and prosecution due to the fact that genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area? When was the Peace of Westphalia established? Why is genocide more often than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area? When was the Peace of Westphalia established to protect ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups? When was the Peace of Westphalia established? When was genocide used? What is the Greek prefix geno-? What is a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group? What is the Greek prefix geno-? When did Winston Churchill describe the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as a crime without a name? When was genocide used? When did Winston Churchill describe the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as a crime without a name? What is the Greek prefix geno-? What is the Greek prefix geno-? What is a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group? What does the judges continue to say that the determination of when the targeted part is substantial may involve a number of considerations? What is the starting point of the inquiry? What can be a useful consideration? What can be a useful consideration if a specific part of the group is emblematic of the overall group? What does the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims? What does the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims? What does the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims? What does the intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide always be limited by the opportunity presented to him? What does the fact of genocide not indicate that the targeted group is substantial? When did the UN Security Council become parties to the Convention? When did the UN Security Council become parties to the Convention? What was the name of the two permanent members of the UN Security Council? What did the Soviet Union ratify in 1954? How long did the international law on the crime of genocide begin to be enforced? What did Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson say the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise? What did Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson say that the CPPCG was not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool? What does the CPPCG have? Who say that none of the alternative definitions have gained widespread support for various reasons? Who wrote that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged? Who wrote that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged? What are Jonassohn and Björnson critical of? What are Jonassohn and Björnson critical of? What are Jonassohn and Björnson critical of? What has been criticized by historians and sociologists in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response? What has been criticized by historians and sociologists in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response? What has been criticized by historians and sociologists in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response? What has been criticized by historians and sociologists in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response? What has been criticized by historians and sociologists in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response? Who defined genocide as the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents? What does Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr distinguish between genocides and politicides? Who differentiates between genocides and politicides by the characteristics by which members of a group are identified by the state? What does Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr distinguish between genocides and politicides? What do Daniel D. Polsby and Don B. Kates, Jr. state that "... we follow Harff's distinction between genocides and'pogroms'? What is the legal meaning of genocide? What is the legal meaning of genocide? What is the legal meaning of genocide? What is the legal meaning of genocide? What is the legal meaning of genocide? What was Adrian Gallagher's definition of genocide? What was Adrian Gallagher's definition of genocide? What was Adrian Gallagher's definition of genocide? What defines genocide as when a source of collective power intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction? What defines genocide as when a source of collective power intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction? What are all signatories to the CPPCG required to prevent and punish acts of genocide? What are all signatories to the CPPCG required to prevent and punish acts of genocide? What did some signatories sign with the proviso that no claim of genocide could be brought against them at the International Court of Justice without their consent? What did some signatories sign with the proviso that no claim of genocide could be brought against them at the International Court of Justice without their consent? What did the United States refuse to allow a charge of genocide brought against it by former Yugoslavia? Why was the Holocaust universally recognized to have been a genocide? Why was the Holocaust universally recognized to have been a genocide? Why was the Holocaust universally recognized to have been a genocide? Why was the Holocaust universally recognized to have been a genocide? What did Raphael Lemkin say the Holocaust was a genocide? When did the European Court of Human Rights dismiss the appeal by Nikola Jorgi? When did the European Court of Human Rights dismiss the appeal by Nikola Jorgi? What did the European Court of Human Rights consider genocide in the 21st century? What did the European Court of Human Rights consider genocide in the 21st century? What did the European Court of Human Rights consider genocide? How many people have been indicted for participating in genocide? How many people have been indicted for participating in genocide? How many people have been indicted for participating in genocide? How many people have been indicted for participating in genocide? How many people have been found guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia? What did the ICTY issue a warrant for the arrest of Radovan Karadi and Ratko Mladi? What was Ratko Mladi's arrest? What did the ICTY issue a warrant for the arrest of Radovan Karadi and Ratko Mladi? What did the ICTY issue a warrant for the arrest of Radovan Karadi and Ratko Mladi? Who was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY? What is the name of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda? What is the name of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda? What was the purpose of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda? What was the purpose of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda? What was the purpose of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda? What has been debated over categorizing the situation in Darfur as genocide? What did Colin Powell declare the conflict in Darfur a "genocide"? What did Colin Powell declare the conflict in Darfur a "genocide"? What did the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur say the Sudan has not pursued a policy of genocide? What may be no less serious and heinous than genocide? What did the United States and China abstained from the vote on the referral resolution? What did the United States and China abstained from the vote on the referral resolution? How many members of the Security Council were abstained from the vote on the referral resolution? What has the Security Council found reasonable grounds to believe that the individuals identified in the UN Security Council Resolution 1593 have committed crimes against humanity and war crimes? What did Ervin Staub show that economic deterioration and political confusion were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence? What did Ervin Staub show that economic deterioration and political confusion were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence? Who showed that economic deterioration and political confusion were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence? What can lead to genocide? What are the conditions that lead to genocide? What is the emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics a common phenomenon? What reflects evolution ary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy? Antibiotic selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943? What are antibiotics that have a high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains? What reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy? What may result in preferential growth of resistant bacteria? Antibiotic selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943? Antibiotic selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943? What is the pharmacokinetic profile of an antibacterial? What results are based on laboratory studies? What is a bactericidal activity of antibacterials based on laboratory studies? What is a bactericidal activity of antibacterials based on laboratory studies? What is the pharmacokinetic profile of an antibacterial? What are the factors that determine the successful outcome of antimicrobial therapy with antibacterial compounds? What is the pharmacokinetic profile of an antibacterial? What are the most commonly classified antibacterial antibiotics? What do penicillins and cephalosporins do? What type of antibiotics are usually bacteriostatic? What type of antibiotics are usually bacteriostatic? What type of antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity? What do penicillins and cephalosporins do? What type of antibiotics are usually bacteriostatic? What new class of antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s? What type of antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity? What are the beta-lactam antibiotics? What are the aminoglycosides? What are the aminoglycosides? What are the aminoglycosides? What are the beta-lactam antibiotics? What type of compounds are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 2000 atomic mass units? What are the aminoglycosides? What are the aminoglycosides? What revolution led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What revolution led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What revolution led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? What has led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What revolution led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? What is the name of the antibiotic that is most active against the likely cause of infection? What is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection? What type of antibiotic is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection? What type of antibiotic is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection? What is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection? What type of antibiotic is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection? What is the name of the type of antibiotic that is most active against the likely cause of infection? What is usually initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim causing the infection? What type of side-effects include fever and nausea? What type of side-effects can lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area? What can also affect the vaginal flora and lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area? What does the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota? What have scientists hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota? What are antibiotics screened for negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use? What type of antibiotics are screened for negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use? What side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic? What type of side-effects include fever and nausea? What does the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter? What are antibiotics screened for negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use? What are some side effects of antibiotics? What type of side-effects can lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area? What can also affect the vaginal flora and lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area? What does the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota? What is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development? What has altered composition of the gut microbiota as well as its metabolic capabilities? What has altered composition of the gut microbiota as well as its metabolic capabilities? What is a correlation between early exposure of antibiotics and increased body mass in humans? What is a correlation between antibiotic use in early life and obesity in humans? What is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development? What is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development? What is a correlation between early exposure of antibiotics and increased body mass in humans? What does the majority of studies indicate antibiotics interfere with contraceptive pills? What does the majority of studies indicate antibiotics interfere with contraceptive pills? What have Clinicians recommended extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials? What have Clinicians recommended extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What have Clinicians recommended extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What does the majority of studies indicate antibiotics interfere with contraceptive pills? What does the majority of studies indicate antibiotics interfere with contraceptive pills? What have Clinicians recommended that extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What have Clinicians recommended extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What does the majority of studies indicate antibiotics interfere with contraceptive pills? What have Clinicians recommended extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What does the majority of studies indicate antibiotics interfere with contraceptive pills? What may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy? What are the risks of side-effects and effectiveness dependent on the type of antibiotic administered? What are the risks of side-effects and effectiveness dependent on the type of antibiotic administered? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy? What are the risks of side-effects and effectiveness dependent on the type of antibiotic administered? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy? What are the risks of side-effects and effectiveness dependent on the type of antibiotic administered? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains? Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials? What is a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA? What happens when a resistance mechanism encoded by a single gene conveys resistance to more than one antibacterial compound? What is the result of a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA? What happens when a resistance mechanism encoded by a single gene conveys resistance to more than one antibacterial compound? Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials? What type of strains and species contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled? What are emerging bacterial strains causing tuberculosis that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments? What is NDM-1 a newly identified enzyme that conveys bacterial resistance to a broad range of beta-lactam antibacterials? What is NDM-1 a newly identified enzyme that conveys bacterial resistance to a broad range of beta-lactam antibacterials? What has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What is an example of misuse? What has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What are some common forms of antibiotic misuse? What are some common forms of antibiotic misuse? What is a common form of antibiotic misuse? What type of antibiotic is used to treat viral infections? What study found physicians were more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients who appeared to expect them? What is the goal of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance? What is the goal of the US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance? What is the name of the NGO campaign in France? What has the EU banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003? What has the EU banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003? What are two federal bills aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals? How many federal bills were proposed to phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals? What were two federal bills endorsed by public health and medical organizations? What has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry? In 1977, what was the issue of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock? What did the FDA order the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock? What was the name of the antimicrobial properties used in treatment of infections? What was the name of the antimicrobial properties that were used in treatment of infections? What did ancient cultures use specially selected mold and plant materials and extracts to treat infections? What term was introduced by Jean Paul Vuillemin as a descriptive name of the phenomenon exhibited by antibacterial drugs? What term was introduced by Jean Paul Vuillemin as a descriptive name of the phenomenon exhibited by antibacterial drugs? What did Fleming postulated that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound? What did Fleming postulated that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound? What did Alexander Fleming postulate that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound? What did Fleming postulate that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound? What was the name of the first sulfonamide? What was the name of the first sulfonamide? What was the name of the first sulfonamide? Who received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine? What was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics? What was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics? What was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics? What was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics? What was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics? Who did Norman Heatley develop the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk? Who did Norman Heatley develop the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk? What did Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin determine in 1945? Who did Norman Heatley develop the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk? What was the chemical structure of penicillin determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1945? What does Vaccination excites or reinforces the immune competence of a host to ward off infection? What has been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases? What has been replaced by less reactogenic, cell-free vaccines? What is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria? What is the name of the bacterial viruses that infect bacteria by disrupting pathogenic bacterium lytic cycles? What is one of the concerns about using phages to fight pathogens? What did the Infectious Disease Society of America report that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance? How many antibiotics are currently in phase 2 or phase 3 clinical trials? What did the Infectious Disease Society of America report that the weak antibiotic pipeline does not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance? What are some improvements to the ADAPT Act? What does the ADAPT Act aim to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of'superbugs'? What act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of'superbugs'? What does Allan Coukell think of ADAPT? Who was Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin? Who was the composer of the Romantic era? Who was the composer of the Romantic era? What was the name of the child prodigy of Fryderyk Chopin? What was the name of the child prodigy of Fryderyk Chopin? Who was the composer of the Romantic era? Who was the composer of the Romantic era? What was the name of the child prodigy of Fryderyk Chopin? Who was the composer of the Romantic era? What was the name of the child prodigy of Fryderyk Chopin? Who was the name of the composer of the Romantic era? Who was the name of the composer of the Romantic era? Who was the composer of the Romantic era? Who was the composer of the Romantic era? Who was the composer of the Romantic era? What was the name of the child prodigy of Fryderyk Chopin? What was the name of the child prodigy of Fryderyk Chopin? Who was the composer of the Romantic era? Who was the name of the composer of the Romantic era? When did Chopin settle in Paris? When Chopin was 21 he grew up in Paris? When did Chopin obtain French citizenship? What was one of Chopin's most productive periods of composition? What was Chopin's death in Paris in 1849? When did Chopin settle in Paris? When Chopin was 21 he grew up in Paris? Who was Chopin admired by many of his musical contemporaries? When did Chopin obtain French citizenship? What was Chopin's most productive period of composition? When did Chopin settle in Paris? When Chopin was 21 he grew up in Paris? When did Chopin obtain French citizenship? How did Chopin suffer from poor health during his last years? When did Chopin obtain French citizenship? How did Chopin suffer from poor health during his last years? What was Chopin's death in Paris in 1849? What is the name of Chopin's compositions? Who invented the concept of instrumental ballade? What influences did Chopin have on his compositional style? Who invented the concept of instrumental ballade? What influences did Chopin have on his compositional style? What is the name of Chopin's compositions? Who invented the concept of instrumental ballade? Who invented the concept of instrumental ballade? What influences did Chopin have on his compositional style? What is Chopin's keyboard style? What is the name of Chopin's compositions? What is Chopin's keyboard style? Who invented the concept of instrumental ballade? What influences did Chopin have on his compositional style? What is the name of Chopin's compositions? What is Chopin's keyboard style? What influences did Chopin have on his compositional style? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? What has Chopin been the subject of numerous films and biographies of varying degrees of historical accuracy? Who was born in elazowa Wola? What is the parish baptismal record of Fryderyk Chopin? What was the birth date of Fryderyk Chopin? What is the parish baptismal record of Fryderyk Chopin? Who was born in elazowa Wola? Who was born in elazowa Wola? Who was born in elazowa Wola? What is the parish baptismal record of Fryderyk Chopin? What was the birth date of Fryderyk Chopin? What is the parish baptismal record of Fryderyk Chopin? Who was born in elazowa Wola? What is the parish baptismal record of Fryderyk Chopin? What was the birth date of Fryderyk Chopin? What is the parish baptismal record of Fryderyk Chopin? Who was born in elazowa Wola? Who was born in elazowa Wola? Who was baptized on Easter Sunday, 23 April 1810? Who was baptized on Easter Sunday, 23 April 1810? Who was baptized on Easter Sunday, 23 April 1810? Who tutored children of the Polish aristocracy? Who tutored children of the Polish aristocracy? Who was baptized on Easter Sunday, 23 April 1810? Who was Fryderyk Skarbek's godfather? Who was Fryderyk Skarbek's second child and only son? Who tutored children of the Polish aristocracy? Who tutored children of the Polish aristocracy? Who was Fryderyk Skarbek's second child and only son? What did Fryderyk live with his family in the Palace grounds? What did Fryderyk live with his family in the Palace grounds? Who did Fryderyk live with his family in the Palace grounds? What type of Chopin was prone to illnesses in early childhood? What type of illness did Fryderyk have in early childhood? What did Fryderyk live with his family in the Palace grounds? What did Fryderyk live with his family in the Palace grounds? What type of Chopin was prone to illnesses in early childhood? What type of Chopin was prone to illnesses in early childhood? What did Fryderyk live with his family in the Palace grounds? What did Fryderyk live with his family in the Palace grounds? What type of Chopin was prone to illnesses in early childhood? What type of Chopin was prone to illnesses in early childhood? What did Fryderyk play the flute and violin? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? What became apparent that Fryderyk was a child prodigy? What was Fryderyk's earliest surviving musical manuscript? What was Fryderyk's earliest surviving musical manuscript? What is Fryderyk's earliest surviving musical manuscript? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? What became apparent that Fryderyk was a child prodigy? What was Fryderyk's earliest surviving musical manuscript? What was Fryderyk's earliest surviving musical manuscript? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? What became apparent that Fryderyk was a child prodigy? What was Fryderyk's earliest surviving musical manuscript? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? What did Fryderyk and his family move to a building adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace? What did Fryderyk and his family move to a building adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace? What did Fryderyk and his family move to a building adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eclogue? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eclogue? What did Fryderyk and his family move to a building adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace? What did Fryderyk and his family move to a building adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eclogue? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eclogue? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eclogue? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eclogue? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eclogue? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eclogue? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eclogue? What year did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? What did Chopin do in the autumn of 1826? What did Chopin perform on his instrument in May 1825? What was Chopin's first eolomelodicon concert? What was Chopin's first eolomelodicon concert? What year did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? What did Chopin do in the autumn of 1826? What did Chopin perform on his instrument in May 1825? What was Chopin's first eolomelodicon concert? What was the first of Chopin's works to be commercially published? What year did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? What did Chopin do in the autumn of 1826? What did Chopin perform on his instrument in May 1825? What was Chopin's first eolomelodicon concert? What did the Leipzig Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung praise Chopin's "wealth of musical ideas"? What was the name of the first time Chopin encountered Polish rural folk music? What was the name of the first time Chopin encountered Polish rural folk music? What did Chopin write his letters home from Szafarnia? What did Chopin write his letters home from Szafarnia? What was the name of the first time Chopin encountered Polish rural folk music? What was Chopin's first time encountering Polish rural folk music? What was the name of the first time Chopin encountered Polish rural folk music? What did Chopin write his letters home from Szafarnia? What was the name of the first time Chopin encountered Polish rural folk music? What did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? What did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? What did Chopin's parents continue running their boarding house for male students? What did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? When did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? What did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? What did Chopin's parents continue running their boarding house for male students? What did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? When did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? What did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? What did Chopin's parents continue running their boarding house for male students? What did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? When did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? What did Ambroy Mieroszewski execute a set of portraits of Chopin family members? What was Chopin's relationship with? What did Woyciechowski do to the singing student Konstancja Gadkowska? What was Chopin's relationship with? What did Woyciechowski do to the singing student Konstancja Gadkowska? What was Chopin's final Conservatory report? What was Chopin's final Conservatory report? What was Chopin's relationship with? What did Woyciechowski do to the singing student Konstancja Gadkowska? What was the name of Chopin's intimates? What was Chopin's final Conservatory report? What was Chopin's relationship with? What did Chopin do on his return trip to Berlin? What did Chopin do on his return trip to Berlin? What did Chopin compose for the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda? What did Chopin compose for the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda? What did Chopin do on his return trip to Berlin? What did Chopin do on his return trip to Berlin? What did Chopin do on his return trip to Berlin? What did Chopin compose for the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda? What did Chopin compose for the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda? What did Chopin do on his return trip to Berlin? What did Chopin do on his return trip to Berlin? What did Chopin do on his return trip to Berlin? What did Chopin do on his return trip to Berlin? What did Chopin compose for the prince and his pianist daughter Wanda? What did Chopin write his first Études? What year did Chopin make his debut in Vienna? What did Chopin say was too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists? When did Chopin premiere his Piano Concerto No. 2? What did Chopin write his first Études? What year did Chopin make his debut in Vienna? What did Chopin return to Warsaw in September 1829? When did Chopin return to Warsaw? What did Chopin say was too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists? What was the name of the composer of Souvenir de Paganini? What year did Chopin make his debut in Vienna? What did Chopin say was too delicate for those accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists? What year did Chopin make his debut in Vienna? What did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to western Europe for him? What did Chopin intend to go on to Italy? What did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to western Europe for him? What did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to western Europe for him? What did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to western Europe for him? What did Chopin intend to go on to Italy? What did Chopin intend to go on to Italy? Who wrote to a friend, "I curse the moment of my departure"? What did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to western Europe for him? What did Chopin intend to go on to Italy? What did Chopin's success as a composer and performer open the door to western Europe for him? Who wrote to a friend: "I curse the moment of my departure"? What did Chopin say about the uprising? Who was one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration? What language did Chopin use in France? What did Chopin use in France to travel on a French passport? What did Adam Zamoyski say Chopin never considered himself to be French? Who was one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration? Who was one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration? Who was one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration? What did Chopin use in France to travel on a French passport? What is the name of Adam Zamoyski's biographer? Who was one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration? What language did Chopin use in France? What language did Chopin use in France? What is the name of Adam Zamoyski's biographer? Who was one of many expatriates of the Polish Great Emigration? How did Chopin become acquainted with Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix, and Alfred de Vigny? What was the name of the poet Adam Mickiewicz? What was the name of the poet Adam Mickiewicz? What was the name of the poet Adam Mickiewicz? What was the name of the poet Adam Mickiewicz? What was the name of the poet Adam Mickiewicz? What was the name of the poet Adam Mickiewicz? Who was to become Chopin's general factotum and copyist? Who was to become Chopin's general factotum and copyist? Who was to become Chopin's general factotum and copyist? Who was to become Chopin's general factotum and copyist? Who did Julian Fontana play in Chopin's life in Paris? Who was to become Chopin's general factotum and copyist? Who was to become Chopin's general factotum and copyist? Who was to become Chopin's general factotum and copyist? Who was to become Chopin's general factotum and copyist? Who was to become Chopin's general factotum and copyist? Who was to become Chopin's general factotum and copyist? What was Chopin's first major endorsement? What was Chopin's first concert at the Salle Pleyel? What did Chopin realize that his keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces? What did Chopin no longer depend on his father? What was Chopin's first major endorsement? What was Chopin's first concert at the Salle Pleyel? What did Chopin realize that his keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces? What was Chopin's first major endorsement? What did Chopin realize that his keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces? What did Chopin no longer depend on his father? What did Chopin prefer playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends? What was Chopin involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron? What did Chopin prefer playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends? Who wrote the sixth variation on Bellini's theme? What did Chopin's music soon find success with publishers? What was Chopin involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron? What did Chopin prefer playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends? What was Chopin involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron? What did Chopin's music soon find success with publishers? What did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? What was Chopin's last visit to Carlsbad? What was Chopin's last visit to Carlsbad? What was the last time Chopin would see his parents? What was the name of the festival that Chopin met with Hiller? What was the name of the festival that Chopin met with Hiller? What was the last time Chopin would see his parents? When did Chopin go to Leipzig to be with the Wodziski family? When did Chopin go to Leipzig to be with the Wodziski family? What did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? What was the name of the musical director Chopin met at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? What was Chopin's last visit to Carlsbad? What did Chopin do to his daughter Maria? What was the name of the letter Chopin wrote to his friend Woyciechowski? What was the name of the letter Liszt was in attendance at Chopin's Parisian debut? What did Chopin mention in a letter to Woyciechowski? Who was in attendance at Chopin's Parisian debut? What was the name of the letter Chopin wrote to his friend Woyciechowski? Who was in attendance at Chopin's Parisian debut? What did the two perform together on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841? What did Chopin and Liszt perform together on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841? What did the two perform together on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841? What did Berlioz perform at a benefit concert for the Benevolent Association of Polish Ladies in Paris? What was the last appearance of Chopin and Liszt together in public? What did Berlioz perform at a benefit concert for the Benevolent Association of Polish Ladies in Paris? What was the last appearance of Chopin and Liszt together in public? What was the last appearance of Chopin and Liszt together in public? What did the two perform together on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841? What did the two perform together on seven occasions between 1833 and 1841? What did Berlioz perform at a benefit concert for the Benevolent Association of Polish Ladies in Paris? Who believes that Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite" towards Liszt's virtuosity on the piano? Who believes that Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite" towards Liszt's virtuosity on the piano? What did Chopin say Liszt should play the music as written or not play it at all? What do biographers of Chopin say the two men had little to do with each other? Who was the devotee of Chopin's Op. 10 Études? What do some commentators point to events in the two men's romantic lives? Who believes that Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite" towards Liszt's virtuosity on the piano? Who believes that Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite" towards Liszt's virtuosity on the piano? What do some commentators point to events in the two men's romantic lives? What Op. was Liszt the dedicatee of? What do some commentators point to events in the two men's romantic lives? What was the name of the party that Chopin met? Who wrote a letter to Grzymaa in 1838? Who wrote a letter to Grzymaa of June 1838? What was the name of the party that Chopin met? What did Chopin say was influenced by his poor health? Who wrote a letter to Grzymaa in 1838? What was the name of the party that Chopin met? What did Maria Wodziska's mother say she was influenced by his poor health? Who wrote a letter to Grzymaa in 1838? Who wrote a letter to Grzymaa of June 1838? When did Chopin visit London incognito? What was the name of Sand's association with the composer? What was the name of the two lovers who had a series of lovers? What did Chopin's two children spend a miserable winter on Majorca? What caused the group to take lodgings in a former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa? When did Chopin visit London incognito? When did Chopin visit London incognito? What was the name of the two lovers who had a series of lovers? What happened to the two of Sand's children in Majorca? What caused the group to take lodgings in a former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa? What was the name of Sand's family? What did Chopin's two children spend a miserable winter on Majorca? What did Chopin's two children spend a miserable winter on Majorca? What caused the group to take lodgings in a former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa? What caused the group to take lodgings in a former Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa? What did Chopin complain about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca? What did Chopin have problems having his Pleyel piano sent to him? What was Chopin able to do on his Ballade No. 2, Op. 38? What did Chopin complain about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca? What did Chopin complain about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca? What did Chopin complain about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca? What did Chopin have problems having his Pleyel piano sent to him? What did Chopin complain about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca? What did Chopin have problems having his Pleyel piano sent to him? What had a detrimental effect on Chopin's health? What did the Canuts sell the piano to? When did the Canuts travel to Barcelona? When did the Canuts return to Paris? What did Sand and Sand move to the Square d'Orléans? What did the Canuts sell the piano to? When did the Canuts travel to Barcelona? When did the Canuts return to Paris? What did Chopin visit in the evenings? What did Sand and Sand move to the Square d'Orléans? What had a detrimental effect on Chopin's health? What did the Canuts do to the Canuts? When did the Canuts travel to Barcelona? What did Sand and Sand move to the Square d'Orléans? When did the Canuts return to Paris? What was Chopin unimpressed with the composition of the Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale? Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition of the Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale? What did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? What did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? What did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? What did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? Who was reportedly unimpressed with the composition of Die Gestirne? What was Chopin unimpressed with the composition of the Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale? What was Chopin unimpressed with the composition of the Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale? What did Chopin do during the summers at Nohant? What did Delacroix give an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842? What did Delacroix give an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842? What did Delacroix give an account of staying at Nohant? What did Delacroix give an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842? What did Delacroix give an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842? What did Delacroix give an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842? What did Chopin show signs of serious illness? What was Chopin forced to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of Beethoven Seventh Symphony? What was Chopin forced to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of Beethoven Seventh Symphony? What caused Chopin's health to deteriorate? What type of research suggests Chopin may have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy? What did Chopin show signs of serious illness? What was Chopin forced to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of Beethoven Seventh Symphony? What type of research suggests Chopin may have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy? What did Chopin show signs of serious illness? What did Chopin write to Grzymaa? What was Chopin forced to decline a written invitation from Alkan to participate in a repeat performance of Beethoven Seventh Symphony? What caused Chopin's health to deteriorate? What type of research suggests Chopin may have suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy? What was the name of the composer's relationship with Sand? What was Sand's utterly indifferent to Sand's radical political pursuits? What did Sand call her "third child"? What was the name of Sand's novel Lucrezia Floriani? What was the name of Sand's novel Lucrezia Floriani? What was the name of the composer's relationship with Sand? What was the name of the composer's relationship with Sand? What was the name of Sand's novel Lucrezia Floriani? Who was indifferent to Sand's radical political pursuits? What was the name of Sand's "third child"? What was the name of Sand's novel Lucrezia Floriani? What was the name of Sand's novel Lucrezia Floriani? What year did Chopin write the Op. 58 sonata? What did Zamoyski opines that Chopin's powers of concentration were failing? How did Chopin write the Op. 58 sonata? How did Chopin write the Op. 58 sonata? What year did Chopin write the Op. 58 sonata? How did Chopin write the Op. 58 sonata? How did Chopin write the Op. 58 sonata? What year did Chopin write three mazurkas? What was Chopin's last Paris concert? What was Chopin's last Paris concert? What was Chopin's last Paris concert? What was Chopin's last Paris concert? What was Chopin's popularity as a virtuoso? What was Chopin's last Paris concert? What was Chopin's last Paris concert? What documentary covered Chopin's life? What documentary covered Chopin's life? What documentary covered Chopin's life? What documentary covered Chopin's life? What documentary covered Chopin's life? What documentary covered Chopin's life? What documentary covered Chopin's life? What was the name of the film A Song to Remember? What was the name of the film A Song to Remember? What was the name of the film that was directed by Henry Roussel? What film treatment did Cornel Wilde receive in the 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember? What was the name of the film A Song to Remember? What was the name of the film A Song to Remember? What was the name of the film A Song to Remember? What film treatment did Cornel Wilde receive in the 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember? What film treatment did Cornel Wilde receive in the 1945 biographical film A Song to Remember? What was Chopin written by Giacomo Orefice? What was Chopin written by Giacomo Orefice? What was Chopin written by Giacomo Orefice? What was the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life? What was the name of the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life? What was Chopin written by Giacomo Orefice? What was Chopin written by Giacomo Orefice? What was Chopin written by Giacomo Orefice? What was the name of the sonnet on Chopin? What are the biographies of Chopin in English? What was the name of the sonnet on Chopin? What was the name of the sonnet on Chopin? What was the name of the sonnet on Chopin? How many biographies of Chopin are available in English? What is the name of the grand prix du disque de F. Chopin? What is the name of the grand prix du disque de F. Chopin? What is the name of the grand prix du disque de F. Chopin? What is the name of the grand prix du disque de F. Chopin? What is the name of the grand prix du disque de F. Chopin? What is the name of the grand prix du disque de F. Chopin? What was the earliest recording of Chopin by Paul Pabst? What was the earliest recording of Chopin by Paul Pabst? What was the earliest recording of Chopin by Paul Pabst? What does the British Library note that "Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era?" What was the earliest recording of Chopin by Paul Pabst? What type of discography is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of Chopin traditions? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? What is the name of the site of the Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? How many societies does the Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland list on its website? What is the name of the site of the Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland? Who orchestrated the 1909 ballet Chopiniana? Who orchestrated the 1909 ballet Chopiniana? Who commissioned additional orchestrations for later productions? Who orchestrated the 1909 ballet Chopiniana? Who orchestrated the 1909 ballet Chopiniana? Who orchestrated the 1909 ballet Chopiniana? Who orchestrated the 1909 ballet Chopiniana? What was Chopin's music used in the 1909 ballet Chopiniana? What was Sergei Diaghilev's orchestration for Chopiniana? What did Jane Stirling suggest to him during the Revolution of 1848? What did Jane Stirling and her elder sister suggest Stirling? What did Jane Stirling suggest to him during the Revolution of 1848? What did Jane Stirling suggest to him during the Revolution of 1848? What did Jane Stirling and her elder sister suggest Stirling? When did Stirling leave London? What did Jane Stirling and her elder sister suggest Stirling? What did Chopin take lodgings at Dover Street? Who provided Chopin with a grand piano? What was Chopin's first engagement at Stafford House? What was Chopin's first engagement at Stafford House? What did Viardot sing arrangements of some of Chopin's mazurkas to Spanish texts? What did Chopin take lodgings at Dover Street? Who provided Chopin with a grand piano? What did Broadwood arrange concerts for Chopin? What was Chopin sought after for piano lessons? What did Viardot sing arrangements of some of Chopin's mazurkas to Spanish texts? Who did Jane Stirling invite him to visit Scotland? What did Stirling write to Grzymaa? Who did Jane Stirling invite him to visit Scotland? What did Stirling write to Grzymaa? What did Stirling write to Grzymaa? Who made his last public appearance on a concert platform at London's Guildhall? Who made his last public appearance on a concert platform at London's Guildhall? Who made his last public appearance on a concert platform at London's Guildhall? What was Chopin's illness at? Who made his last public appearance on a concert platform at London's Guildhall? What did Chopin play for his friends during the summer of 1849? When was Chopin found an apartment in Chaillot? When was Chopin found an apartment in Chaillot? When did Chopin return to Paris? What did Chopin play for his friends during the summer of 1849? When was Chopin found an apartment in Chaillot? What happened to Chopin during the summer of 1849? When was Chopin visited by Jenny Lind? What did Chopin do when his condition worsened? What did Chopin do when his condition worsened? What did Chopin do when his condition worsened? What did Chopin do when his condition worsened? What did Chopin do when his condition worsened? What was Chopin's apartment at Place Vendôme 12? What did Chopin request that his body be opened after death? What did Chopin say he died a few minutes before two o'clock in the morning? What did Clésinger make Chopin's death mask? What did Chopin request that his body be opened after death? What did Clésinger make Chopin's death mask? What did Jean Cruveilhier give Chopin's death certificate as tuberculosis? What did Jean Cruveilhier give Chopin's death certificate as tuberculosis? What has been denied by the Polish government? What did Jean Cruveilhier give Chopin's death certificate as tuberculosis? What did Jean Cruveilhier give Chopin's death certificate as tuberculosis? What have cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency been advanced? What has been denied by the Polish government? What was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend? What was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend? How many people arrived without invitations? What was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend? What was restricted to ticket holders as many people were expected to attend? How many people arrived without invitations? What was Louis Lefébure-Wély's Requiem sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? What did Prince Adam Czartoryski lead the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What was the funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 played? What was Louis Lefébure-Wély's Requiem sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Who led the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What did Prince Adam Czartoryski lead the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What was the funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 played? Who designed and sculpted Chopin's tombstone? Who designed and sculpted Chopin's tombstone? Who took Chopin's heart in an urn back to Poland in 1850? Who took Chopin's heart in an urn back to Poland in 1850? Who took Chopin's heart in an urn? Who took Chopin's heart in an urn? Who took Chopin's heart in an urn back to Poland in 1850? Who took Chopin's heart in an urn back to Poland in 1850? Who took Chopin's heart in an urn back to Poland in 1850? What did Jane Stirling take from Sand to Chopin? How many works of Chopin survive? What do Chopin's works involve the piano? How many works of Chopin survive? What do Chopin's works involve the piano? Who was influenced by Hummel's development of virtuoso, yet Mozartian, piano technique? Who was influenced by Hummel's development of virtuoso, yet Mozartian, piano technique? Chopin's early works are in the style of the "brilliant" keyboard pieces of his era as exemplified by the works of Ignaz Moscheles, Friedrich Kalkbrenner, and others? Who was influenced by Hummel's development of virtuoso, yet Mozartian, piano technique? Who was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces? Who was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces? Who was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces? Who was the first to write ballades and scherzi as individual concert pieces? What did Chopin use the poetic potential of the concept of the concert étude? What did Chopin use the poetic potential of the concept of the concert étude? How many polonaises were published in Chopin's lifetime? How many polonaises were published in Chopin's lifetime? What did Chopin's mazurkas differ from the traditional Polish dance? What type of waltzes were written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom? What did Chopin endow popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression? What did Chopin's mazurkas differ from the traditional Polish dance? What did Chopin's mazurkas differ from the traditional Polish dance? How many polonaises were published in Chopin's lifetime? What type of waltzes were written specifically for the salon recital rather than the ballroom? Which of Chopin's well-known pieces have acquired descriptive titles? What is no evidence that the Revolutionary Étude was written with the failed Polish uprising against Russia in mind? What was the third movement of Chopin's Sonata No. 2? What was the third movement of Chopin's Sonata No. 2? Which of Chopin's well-known pieces have acquired descriptive titles? What is the title of the Revolutionary Étude? What was Chopin's last opus number? How many unpublished piano pieces did Julian Fontana select in 1855? How many unpublished piano pieces did Julian Fontana select in 1855? How many Polish songs did Chopin write at various stages of his life? What was Chopin's last opus number? How many unpublished piano pieces did Julian Fontana select in 1855? How many Polish songs did Chopin write at various stages of his life? What is the current standard musicological reference for Chopin's works? Which works have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers? Which works have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers? What is the Kobylaska Catalogue? What is the current standard musicological reference for Chopin's works? What is the Kobylaska Catalogue? What was the first collected edition of Chopin's works? What is the name of the first scholarly edition of Chopin's works? What were Chopin's original publishers? What did Chopin's works begin to appear in popular 19th century piano anthologies? What is the name of the first scholarly edition of Chopin's works? What is the name of the first scholarly edition of Chopin's works? What is the center of Chopin's creative processes? Who suggests Chopin's flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit? What is the center of Chopin's creative processes? What does Temperley believe that improvisation is designed for an audience? Who suggests Chopin's flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit? Who suggests that "the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody"? Which Op. stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody? What opines that the Barcarolle Op. 60 is based on an extended " departure and return" form? What do Chopin's mazurkas show more folk features than many of his other works? What are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes all in straightforward ternary or episodic form? What are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes all in straightforward ternary or episodic form? What do Chopin's mazurkas show more folk features than many of his other works? What Op. does Chopin's mazurkas include a canon at one beat's distance? What do Chopin's polonaises require a formidable playing technique? What type of polonaises do Chopin's polonaises show a marked advance on? What do Chopin's polonaises require a formidable playing technique? What do Chopin's polonaises require? What are the 21 nocturnes more structured? What do the 21 nocturnes have middle sections marked by agitated expression? What are the 21 nocturnes more structured? What are the 21 nocturnes more structured than Field? What are the 21 nocturnes more structured? Who taught his own technique of piano playing? Who taught his own technique of piano playing? Who taught his own technique of piano playing? Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality? Which Op. 28 No. 7 is followed by the Étude Op. 10 No. 5? What did Schumann describe as "the beginnings of studies"? Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality? Which Op. 28 No. 7 is followed by the Étude Op. 10 No. 5? Which Op. 28 No. 7 is followed by the Étude Op. 10 No. 5? What is the name of the two mature piano sonatas? What is the name of the Op. 58 sonata closer to the German tradition? What is the name of the two mature piano sonatas? What was Chopin's last movement found shocking and unmusical by contemporaries? What is the name of the two mature piano sonatas? What do Chord progressions anticipate the shifting tonality of later composers? Who says that in his works "novel harmonic effects often result from ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment"? Which composer Claude Debussy uses modal harmony? What was Chopin's style based on? What did Léon Escudier write about Chopin's recital? What did Chopin write in his Projet de méthode? Who was influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms? Who was Alexander Scriabin devoted to the music of Chopin? Who was Alexander Scriabin devoted to the music of Chopin? Who was influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms? Who was Alexander Scriabin devoted to the music of Chopin? Who was Alexander Scriabin devoted to the music of Chopin? Who wrote that modern concert performance style militates against what? Who wrote that Chopin has created a kind of chromatic embroidery? Who wrote that Chopin has created a kind of chromatic embroidery? What did Jonathan Bellman say to a pupil that "concerts are never real music, you have to give up the idea of hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art"? Who wrote that Chopin has created a kind of chromatic embroidery? What did Hiller write about a colourful wreath of flowers in his hands? What is the practice of disregarding strict time and 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect? What is the practice of 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect? What is the practice of disregarding strict time and 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect? What does Charles Rosen say that most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin are to be found in his mazurkas? Who taught his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing? Who taught his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing? What was Friederike Müller's most severe criticism? Who credited Chopin with introducing a new sense of nationalism? What was Schumann's review of the piano concertos? What was Schumann's review of the piano concertos? What was Schumann's review of the piano concertos? What is the name of the biography of Chopin? Who credited Chopin with introducing a new sense of nationalism? What was Schumann's review of the piano concertos? What are Chopin's works cannon buried in flowers? What is the name of the biography of Chopin? Who suggested that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from "urbanised" Warsaw versions than folk music? Who suggested that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from "urbanised" Warsaw versions than folk music? Who impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works? What did Chopin's music symbolize the will of the Polish people? What did Chopin's music serve to symbolize the will of the Polish people? What did William Atwood suggest that Chopin's use of traditional musical forms roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles? What did Arthur Hutchings say Chopin's lack of Byronic flamboyance and aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional among his romantic contemporaries? What did Arthur Hutchings suggest that Chopin's lack of Byronic flamboyance and his aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional? What did Jones say Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831? What did Arthur Hutchings say Chopin's lack of Byronic flamboyance and aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional among his romantic contemporaries? Who named a piece for Chopin in his suite Carnaval? Who named a piece for Chopin in his suite Carnaval? What did Liszt later transcribe for piano six of Chopin's Polish songs? What was the name of the friendship between Chopin and Alkan? Who named a piece for Chopin in his suite Carnaval? Who named a piece for Chopin in his suite Carnaval? Who named a piece for Chopin in his suite Carnaval? What later works did Liszt dedicate his Ballade No. 2 to Schumann? What did Debussy dedicate his own 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin? What did Debussy dedicate his own 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin? How many of Chopin's long-standing pupils were piano teachers? How many of Chopin's long-standing pupils were piano teachers? What does Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain say Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century? What do some scholars argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship? What year did the Yongle Emperor attempt to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa? What did the Yongle Emperor attempt to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa? What did the Yongle Emperor attempt to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa? What do some scholars note that Tibetan leaders frequently engaged in civil war? When did the Tibetans try to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations? What resulted in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet? What resulted in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet? What did the Wanli Emperor attempt to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations? What was Tibet's major rival in dominating Inner Asia? What did the Yarlung rulers sign peace treaties with the Tang? What did the Yarlung rulers sign peace treaties with the Tang? What was Tibet once a strong power? What did the Yarlung rulers sign peace treaties with the Tang? What did the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China see no threat in a Tibet? How many documents did the Song dynasty survive? How many documents did the Song dynasty survive? How did the Song dynasty react to the northern enemy states of the Khitan -ruled Liao dynasty? How did the Song dynasty react to the northern enemy states of the Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty? What year did Genghis Khan establish diplomatic relations with Tibet? What did the Mongols cease to pay tribute after Genghis Khan's death? When did gedei Khan start an invasion into Tibet? What did the Mongols cease to pay tribute after Genghis Khan's death? Who summoned Sakya Pandita to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China? What did the Mongol prince summon to Godan's court? Who wrote that Godan granted Sakya Pandita temporal authority over a still politically fragmented Tibet? Who wrote that Godan granted Sakya Pandita temporal authority over a still politically fragmented Tibet? Who made Drogön Chögyal Phagpa the director of the government agency? What was the name of the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism? What was the name of the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism? Who recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs? Who recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs? Who did Kublai Khan not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279? Who did Kublai Khan not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279? Who did Kublai Khan not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279? What did Morris Rossabi say Khubilai wished to be perceived as the legitimate Khan of Khans of the Mongols and as the Emperor of China? Who did Kublai Khan not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279? Who was forced to accept Changchub Gyaltsen as the new viceroy? Who was forced to accept Changchub Gyaltsen as the new viceroy? Who was forced to accept Changchub Gyaltsen as the new viceroy? Who was forced to accept Changchub Gyaltsen as the new viceroy? Who established the Ming dynasty? What did Zhu Yuanzhang rule as the Hongwu Emperor? Who established the Ming dynasty? When did Zhu Yuanzhang rule as the Hongwu Emperor? What did the Hongwu Emperor send envoys out to ask the Yuan officeholders to renew their titles for the new Ming court? Who rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor? Who rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor? What did Rolpe Dorje reject the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor? Who rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor? What did the early Ming government rescind? What year was the Yongle Emperor first to seek an extension of relations with Tibet? What did Morris Rossabi write that the Yongle Emperor was the first Ming ruler to seek an extension of relations with Tibet? What is the name of the official Twenty-Four Histories? What is the name of the official Twenty-Four Histories? What is the name of the official Twenty-Four Histories? What does the Mingshi state that administrative offices were set up under the Ming dynasty? What is the name of the official Twenty-Four Histories? Who appointed three Princes of Dharma and five Princes? What does Van Praag describe the long-lasting Tibetan law code as one of many reforms to revive old Imperial Tibetan traditions? What does Van Praag describe the long-lasting Tibetan law code as one of many reforms to revive old Imperial Tibetan traditions? What historians argue that the reliability of the heavily censored History of Ming as a credible source on Sino-Tibetan relations is questionable? What historians argue that the reliability of the heavily censored History of Ming as a credible source on Sino-Tibet an relations is questionable? Who writes that "Tibet scarcely had diplomatic relations with the Ming"? What does Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa support? What do Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain state that van Praag and Shakabpa's assertions are "fallacies"? Who argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty? What did the Mongol Prince Punala say he viewed Tibet as a significant region to pacify? What does the Ming dynasty say that the Ming dynasty won submission from ex-Yuan religious and administrative leaders in the Tibetan areas? What does the Ming dynasty say the Ming dynasty won the power to rule Tibetan areas formerly under the rule of the Yuan dynasty? Who wrote The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama? What does Laird say the Mongol khans never ruled Tibet as part of China? Who wrote The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama? What is the name of the Yuan dynasty? What does the Columbia Encyclopedia describe the Yuan dynasty as "the line of Mongol rulers in China"? What did the Metropolitan Museum of Art write about the Yuan dynasty? What did Rossabi say Kublai "created government institutions that either resembled or were the same as the traditional Chinese ones"? What was the name of the Yuan dynasty? Who abolished the imperial examinations of China's civil service legacy? Who wrote that Tibet remained a unique part of the Empire? What did the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favor the Mongols and other ethnicities? What is the official position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China? What did the edict of the Hongwu Emperor declare to be the General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office? What does the State Council Information Office of the People's Republic state that the Ming dynasty's Ü-Tsang Commanding Office governed most areas of Tibet? Who writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu? Who writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu? What did Chen Qingying say the Ming court appointed the main Zong leaders to be senior officers of the Senior Command of Dbus and Gtsang? What did Chen Qingying say the Ming court appointed the main Zong leaders to be senior officers of the Senior Command of Dbus and Gtsang? What did John Powers say Tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles given by the Chinese to Tibetans? What did the Ming emperors send invitations to ruling lamas? What did the Ming emperors send invitations to ruling lamas? Who wrote that as far back as the Han dynasty, the Han Chinese government "maintained the fiction" that the foreign officials administering the various "Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions were true Han representatives? Who wrote that as far back as the Han dynasty, the Han Chinese government "maintained the fiction" that the foreign officials administering the various "Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions were true Han representatives? Who said that after the official title " Education Minister" was granted to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? Who said that after the official title "Education Minister" was granted to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? Who said that the emperor in the east should follow his edicts and the imperial envoy should be well received? Who said that after the official title "Education Minister" was granted to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? What does Wang and Nyima mean that "even in the later period of the Yuan dynasty, the Yuan imperial court and the Phagmodrupa Dynasty maintained central-local government relations?" What did Lok-Ham Chan write about Changchub Gyaltsen's aims? Who claims that Changchub Gyaltsen's ambitions were to restore to Tibet the glories of its Imperial Age? Who wrote that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty? Who wrote that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty? What did the Records of the Founding Emperor grant the title "Initiation State Master" to Sagya Gyaincain? What did the Ming officer of Hezhou inform the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? What did the Ming officer of Hezhou inform the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? What did the Ming officer of Hezhou inform the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? What did the Records of the Founding Emperor grant the title "Initiation State Master" to Sagya Gyaincain? Who writes that after the Phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over Tibet? Who writes that after the Phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over Tibet in 1434? Who writes that after the Phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over Tibet? Who writes that after the Phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over Tibet? What did the Ming dynasty grant titles to lamas of schools? What did the Ming dynasty grant titles to lamas of schools? When did the Ming Yongle Emperor invite Je Tsongkhapa to come to the Ming court? When did the Ming Yongle Emperor invite Je Tsongkhapa to come to the Ming court? When did the Ming Yongle Emperor invite Je Tsongkhapa to come to the Ming court? Who wrote that Tsongkhapa did not want to alienate the Ming court? Who wrote that Tsongkhapa did not want to alienate the Ming court? Who granted Chosrje Shkya Yeshes the title of a "King"? Who granted Chosrje Shkya Yeshes the title of a "King"? Who argues that modern Chinese Communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the Ming simply reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet? Who writes that the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibetan princes? Who writes that the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibetan princes? Who writes that the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibet an princes? Who wrote that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413? Who wrote that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413? Who wrote that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413? Who wrote that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413? Who wrote that the Yongle Emperor sent his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet in 1413? What does Li Tieh-tseng say of Tsongkhapa's refusal to visit the Yongle Emperor's court? What does Li Tieh-tseng say of Tsongkhapa's refusal to visit the Yongle Emperor's court? What does Li Tieh-tseng say of Tsongkhapa's refusal to visit the Yongle Emperor's court? Who claims that censorship of the History of Ming distorts the true picture of Sino-Tibetan relations? What does Wylie argue that Ming titles of "King" should not be viewed as reappointments to earlier Yuan dynasty offices? Melvyn C. Goldstein writes that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? Who wrote that the Ming dynasty exercised no authority over the succession of Tibetan ruling families? Melvyn C. Goldstein writes that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? Who wrote that the Ming dynasty exercised no authority over the succession of Tibetan ruling families? When did the Jianwen Emperor usurp the throne? What did the Yongle Emperor do in his usurpation of the throne? What did the Yongle Emperor do in his usurpation of the throne? What was the name of the letter of the Yongle Emperor that the Association for Asian Studies notes is polite and complimentary towards the Karmapa? What did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang to Tibet? What did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Hou Xian and Zhi Guang to Tibet? When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing? When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing? Who wrote that the Yongle Emperor showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa? Who wrote that the Yongle Emperor showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa? What did the Yongle Emperor do to Deshin Shekpa? Who wrote that Kublai would "sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric" when receiving religious instructions from him? Who wrote that the Yongle Emperor did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal? What was the title of "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma" given to Deshin Shekpa during his stay in Nanjing? What was the title of "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma" given to Deshin Shekpa during his stay in Nanjing? What did Elliot Sperling say the Yongle Emperor was trying to build an alliance with the Karmapa? What was the same title that Kublai Khan offered the Sakya Phagpa lama? Who says Deshin Shekpa persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet? What does Hok-Lam Chan say Deshin Skekpa was invited strictly for religious purposes? What did Thinley write before the Karmapa returned to Tibet? What did Thinley write before the Karmapa returned to Tibet? Who says Deshin Shekpa persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet? Who writes that Deshin Shekpa aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule? Who writes that Deshin Shekpa aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule? Who writes that Deshin Shekpa aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule? What does Norbu say the meetings of lamas with the Emperor of China were exchanges of tribute between "the patron and the priest"? Who writes that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet? What does Patricia Ann Berger write about the Yongle Emperor's courting and granting of titles to lamas? When was the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor sent to the Karmapa? What was the name of the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor sent to the Karmapa? What was the name of the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor sent to the Karmapa? What message was delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma? What was the name of the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor sent to the Karmapa? What did Chan write that the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs? What did Chan write that the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs? What did the Ming court believe that the representatives of the Karma Kagyu who continued to visit the Ming capital were sent by the Karmapa? What did Chan write that the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs? Who wrote that shortly after Deshin Shekpa's visit, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers? Who wrote that shortly after Deshin Shekpa's visit, the Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of a road and of trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers? What did Wang and Nyima assert that the trade of the Ming "furthered the rule of the Ming dynasty court over Tibet"? Who states that the Ming court established diplomatic delegations with Tibet? What did Silk workshops in the Ming cater to the Tibetan market? What did Silk workshops in the Ming cater to the Tibetan market? Who says that the Ming court established diplomatic delegations with Tibet? Who writes that the Ming fought Tibetan tribes in Amdo and received Tibetan embassies in Nanjing? What did the Ming dynasty see as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids? What did Laird see as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids? What did Laird see as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids? What did Laird see as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids? What did Laird see as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids? How did the Hongwu Emperor use military force to quell unrest in Tibet? Who wrote that there was unrest in Tibet and western Sichuan? What did Langlois say Mu Ying captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals by October 1379? What did Langlois say Mu Ying captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals by October 1379? What did the Ming general order to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390? What does Norbu say the Ming dynasty could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up their claim of sovereignty over Tibet? What does Norbu say the Ming dynasty could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up their claim of sovereignty over Tibet? What did Norbu say the Ming dynasty could not spare additional armed forces to enforce or back up their claim of sovereignty over Tibet? Who argues that the Ming court's patronage of high Tibetan lamas was designed to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes? Who wrote that the Ming upheld a divide-and-rule policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet? Who wrote that the Ming upheld a "divide-and-rule" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet? What did Rossabi say the Yongle Emperor followed the Karmapa's advice of giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas? What did the Yongle Emperor follow the Karmapa's advice of giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas? Who occupied Lhasa in 1498? What was the most important event in the Gelug? What was the most important event in the Gelug? When did Gendün Gyatso abandon the Drepung Monastery? When did Zhengde's top advisors attempt to dissuade him from inviting this lama to court? Who did the Zhengde's top advisors attempt to dissuade him from inviting this lama to court? Who did the Zhengde's top advisors attempt to dissuade him from inviting this lama to court? What does Sperling say Tibet was not annexed by China until the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion? What does Sperling say Tibet is problematic for China's insistence of its unbroken sovereignty over Tibet? Who writes that the idea that Tibet became part of China is a very recent construction? What does Sperling say Chinese writers of the early 20th century described Tibet as a feudal dependency of China? Who writes that the Qing dynasty was a radical change in regards to all previous eras of Sino-Tibetan relations? Who writes that the Qing dynasty was a radical change in regards to all previous eras of Sino-Tibetan relations? What did P. Christiaan Klieger say that the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans upheld a "mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron"? What does Klieger say Tibetan lamas and mongol khans upheld a "mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron"? Who wrote that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism? Who wrote that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism? What did P. Christiaan Klieger say the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established? What article states that the Ming dynasty "inherited the right to rule Tibet" from the Yuan dynasty? What does China Daily say the Ming dynasty inherited the right to rule Tibet from the Yuan dynasty? What article states that the Ming dynasty "inherited the right to rule Tibet" from the Yuan dynasty? What does China Daily say the Ming dynasty inherited the right to rule Tibet from the Yuan dynasty? What article states that the Ming dynasty "inherited the right to rule Tibet" from the Yuan dynasty? When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? What did the history of Ming state that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China? What did the History of Ming state that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China? What was Yang Tinghe determined to break the eunuch influence at the Ming court? What was Yang Tinghe determined to break the eunuch influence at the Ming court? Who wrote that the Ming's unique relationship with Tibetan prelates ended with Jiajing's reign? Who wrote that the Ming's unique relationship with Tibetan prelates ended with Jiajing's reign? Who wrote that the Ming's unique relationship with Tibetan prelates ended with Jiajing's reign? Who wrote that the Ming's unique relationship with Tibetan prelates ended with Jiajing's reign? Who wrote that the Ming's unique relationship with Tibetan prelates ended with Jiajing's reign? What did Klieger write that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet? What did Klieger write that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet? What did Klieger write that Altan Khan's presence in the west effectively reduced Ming influence and contact with Tibet? What was the title of Dalai Lama Vajradhara? What was the title of Dalai Lama Vajradhara? Who wrote that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice? Who wrote that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice? Who wrote that Altan Khan abolished the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice? What does Kolma say that the spiritual and secular Mongol-Tibetan alliance of the 13th century was renewed? What does Kolma say that the spiritual and secular Mongol-Tibetan alliance of the 13th century was renewed? Who wrote that Altan Khan's conversion to the Gelug can be interpreted as an attempt to expand his authority in his conflict with Tümen Khan? What did the 5th Dalai Lama become the first to have effective political control over Tibet? What did the 5th Dalai Lama become the first to have effective political control over Tibet? What did the 5th Dalai Lama become the first to have effective political control over Tibet? What did Sonam Gyatso do before he left Tibet? What did Sonam Gyatso do before he left Tibet? What did Sonam Gyatso send to Zhang Juzheng? What did Sonam Gyatso send to Zhang Juzheng? What is Sonam Gyatso's biography? What does China Daily say Sonam Gyatso was given the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama? What does China Daily say Sonam Gyatso was given the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama? What does China Daily say Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama? What does China Daily say Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama? What does China Daily say Sonam Gyatso was granted the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama? Who said that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? Who said that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? Who said that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? Who said that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara"? Who invited Yonten Gyatso to Beijing in 1616? What does Laird write about the lack of concern for Tibet? What does Laird write about the lack of concern for Tibet? Who writes that the Ming emperors "viewed with apparent unconcern these developments in Tibet"? What was one reason why the Mongols pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? What was the name of the second successor of Karma Phuntsok Namgyal? What did Karma Phuntsok Namgyal take over the whole of Central Tibet? What did Karma Phuntsok Namgyal take over the whole of Central Tibet? What did the Mongols claim their allegiance to the Phagmodru? Who wrote of the speculation over the death of the fourth Dalai Lama? What did Güshi Khan accept as protector? Who urged Güshi Khan to assault the Ü-Tsang king's homebase of Shigatse? What did Güshi Khan accept as protector? Who urged Güshi Khan to assault the Ü-Tsang king's homebase of Shigatse? What did Güshi Khan capture and summarily execute Karma Tenkyong? What did Güshi Khan give to Lozang Gyatso? What did Güshi Khan give to Lozang Gyatso? What did Güshi Khan give to Lozang Gyatso? What did Güshi Khan confer to the Dalai Lama? What did Güshi Khan give to Lozang Gyatso? What does the China Daily say that when the following Qing dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty, it merely "strengthened administration of Tibet"? What did Dawa Norbu, William Rockhill, and George N. Patterson write? Who wrote that Shunzhi wanted to establish an alliance with Tibet? What did the Kangxi Emperor respond to Tibetan pleas for aid? What did the Kangxi Emperor respond to Tibetan pleas for aid? What did the Kangxi Emperor respond to Tibetan pleas for aid? When was a protectorate and permanent Qing dynasty garrison established in Tibet? What was the reign of the Qianlong Emperor? What is the name of the line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc? What was the name of the first iPod redesign? What are the three current versions of the iPod? What is the name of the line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc? What are the three current versions of the iPod? What was the name of the first iPod redesign? What is the name of the line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc? What was the name of the first iPod redesign? What are the three current versions of the iPod? What were the most recent iPod redesigns announced on July 15, 2015? What does the storage capacity vary by model for the iPod Shuffle? What does the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle vary by model? What does the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle vary by model? What does the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle vary by model? What does the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle vary by model? What does the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle vary by model? What does the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle vary by model? What software can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? What software can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? What software can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? When was the iPod branding used for the media player on the iPh one and iPad? When was the iPod branding used for the media player on the iPhone and iPad? When was the iPod branding used for the media player on the iPhone and iPad? When did sales overtook those of the iPod? What are separate apps standardized across all iOS-powered products? What is the core of the sixth generation iPod Touch? What is the core of the sixth generation iPod Touch? What is the core of the sixth generation iPod Touch? What was the name of the new model of the sixth generation iPod Touch? What is the core of the sixth generation iPod Touch? What was the name of the new model of the sixth generation iPod Touch? What was the name of the company that created software for the growing market of personal digital devices? What was the name of the company that created software for the growing market of personal digital devices? Who purchased the Toshiba disk drive for Apple? What was the name of the Walkman of the twenty-first century? Who announced the Walkman of the twenty-first century? What was the name of the company that created software for the growing market of personal digital devices? Who announced the Walkman of the twenty-first century? What was the name of the Walkman of the twenty-first century? Who purchased the Toshiba disk drive for Apple? Who discovered the Toshiba disk drive? What company did Apple contract to help design and implement the user interface? What changed the font to Podium Sans? What did Apple do in 2007 with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano? What did Apple do in 2007 with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano? What company was Pixo contracted to help design and implement the user interface? What was PortalPlayer's reference platform? What did Apple do in 2007 with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano? What was the name of the special edition for U2? What was the name of the special edition for U2? What was the color of the metal on the iPod 5G? What was the name of the special edition of U2? What was the name of the special edition for U2? What was the color of the metal on the iPod 5G? What was the name of the special edition for U2? What was the name of the patent for the IXI? Who was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent? Who was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent? Who was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent? Who was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent? What was the name of the patent for the IXI? Who was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent? Who was unable to secure funding to renew the US$120,000 worldwide patent? What did Vinnie Chieco think of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase "Open the pod bay door, Hal!"? What did Vinnie Chieco think of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase "Open the pod bay door, Hal!"? What did Chieco think of the relationship between a personal computer and the music player? Who listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office? What was the name iPod registered by the USPTO in November 2003? What did Chieco think of the relationship between a personal computer and the music player? What did Vinnie Chieco think of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase "Open the pod bay door, Hal!"? Who listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office? What website found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time? What website found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time? What website found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time? What website found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time? What website found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time? What did the third-generation iPod have a weak bass response? What problem is reduced when using high-impedance headphones? What problem is reduced when using high-impedance headphones? What did the third-generation iPod have a weak bass response? What was the difference between the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones? What would happen for R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster? What would happen for R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster? What would happen for R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster? What would happen for R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster? What would happen for R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster? What did users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets? Who previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding the legal limit? Who previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding the legal limit? What did Apple previously have to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding the legal limit? Who previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding the legal limit? What did Apple previously have to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding the legal limit? What was the name of a FireWire connection used to update songs or recharge the battery? What was a power adapter included with the first four generations? What was the name of a FireWire connection used to update songs or recharge the battery? What provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines? What did the third generation include to allow for FireWire or USB connectivity? What did Apple discontinue using FireWire for data transfer? What did the second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle use a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector? What does the second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle use a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector? What provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines? What does the second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle use a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector? What provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines? What provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines? What does Apple sell a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi? What does Apple sell a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi? What did the dock connector allow the iPod to connect to accessories? Why does the dock connector require paying royalties to Apple? What does Apple sell a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi? What does Apple sell a few accessories, such as the now-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi? What new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads? What new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads? What replaces the older 30 -pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads? What new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads? What do Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides of the connector so it can be inserted with either side facing up? What new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads? What new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads? What type of accessories are made by third party companies? What are the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector? What was the name of the first accessory manufacturers in the iPod line? What is the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector? What are the Nike +iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector? What type of accessories are made by third party companies? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? What company offered standard iPod connectivity on all their cars? What does Scion offer standard iPod connectivity on all their cars? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? What does Scion offer standard iPod connectivity on all their cars? What are some independent stereo manufacturers that have iPod-specific integration solutions? What are some car manufacturers adding audio input jacks as standard? What are some car manufacturers adding audio input jacks as standard? What are some car manufacturers adding audio input jacks as standard? What are some car manufacturers adding audio input jacks as standard? What did United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates agree to install an iPod seat connection? What was the name of the agreement between KLM and Air France? What were KLM and Air France reported to be part of the deal with Apple? What did United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates agree to install an iPod seat connection? What did United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates agree to install an iPod seat connection? What did the iPod photo introduce the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image formats? Fifth and sixth generation iPod Classics, as well as third generation iPod Nanos, can additionally play MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) and QuickTime video formats? What can MIDI files be converted to audio files using the "Advanced" menu in iTunes? What can MIDI files be converted to audio files using the "Advanced" menu in iTunes? What was the name of the first version of the iPod? What did the iPod photo introduce the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image formats? Fifth and sixth generation iPod Classics, as well as third generation iPod Nanos, can additionally play MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) and QuickTime video formats? What happens when an iPod connects to a host computer? What can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library? What happens when an iPod connects to a host computer? What do the buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track? What do the buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track? What does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle have? What is the user interface for the iPod Touch identical to that of the iPhone? What is the user interface for the iPod Touch identical to that of the iPhone? What do the buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track? What do the buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track? What is the user interface for the iPod Touch identical to that of the iPhone? What became the market leader soon after its launch? What became the market leader soon after its launch? What became the market leader soon after its launch? What was the name of the first full-length movie available on September 12, 2006? What became the market leader soon after its launch? What became the market leader soon after its launch? What was the name of the first full-length movie available on September 12, 2006? What was the name of the store that purchased audio files? How many computers could play the files without the DRM? What did EMI sell DRM-free songs on the iTunes Stores? What did Apple announce that DRM would be removed from all music by April 2009? What did Apple announce that DRM would be removed from all music by April 2009? What was the name of the store that purchased audio files? What was the name of the store that purchased audio files? What did EMI sell DRM-free songs on the iTunes Stores? What did Apple announce that DRM would be removed from all music by April 2009? What stores do RealNetworks claim Apple is creating problems for itself by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store? What type of stores are Napster and MSN Music? What type of stores are Napster and MSN Music? Who will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity? Who will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity? Who will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity? What service allows users to access the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store from an iPhone or an iPod Touch? What service allows users to access the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store from an iPhone or an iPod Touch? What service allows users to access the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store from an iPhone or an iPod Touch? What service allows users to access the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store from an iPhone or an iPod Touch? How are video games played on different versions of iPods? What did Steve Wozniak's game Brick include as an easter egg hidden feature? What did Steve Wozniak's game Brick include as an easter egg hidden feature? How many games were added to the original iPod? What did Steve Wozniak's game Brick include as an easter egg hidden feature? What did Steve Wozniak's game Brick include as an easter egg hidden feature? How many games were added to the original iPod? What were Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma? What were Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma? What are the 6th and 5th generation iPod Nano games? What are the 6th and 5th generation iPod Nano games? What were Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma? What were Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex, Asphalt 4: Elite Racing and Zuma? What has Apple's MP3 player taken steps towards entering the video game handheld market? What has Apple's MP3 player taken steps towards entering the video game handheld market? What has Apple's MP3 player reviewed and rated most of their games as of late? What are the games in the form of.ipg files? What are the games in the form of.ipg files? What has Apple not released a software development kit for iPod-specific development? What is the name of the app that cannot run clickwheel-based games? What are the games in the form of.ipg files? What is the name of the app that cannot run clickwheel-based games? What has Apple not released a software development kit for iPod-specific development? How is iTunes used to transfer media to an iPod? How is iTunes used to transfer media to an iPod? How is iTunes used to transfer media to an iPod? Who can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer? Who can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer? What can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown? What can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown? What can be recovered manually by copying the files or folders off an iPod? What did Advanced Audio Devices claim the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox"? What did Advanced Audio Devices claim the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox"? What did Advanced Audio Devices claim the FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to Ho Keung Tse? What did Advanced Audio Devices claim the FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to Ho Keung Tse? What did Advanced Audio Devices claim the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox"? What did Pat-rights say Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to Ho Keung Tse? What was the third "non-final rejection"? What was the third "non-final rejection" of Apple's application for a patent on "rotational user inputs"? What did Creative Technology file a lawsuit against Apple in 2006? What did Creative Technology file a lawsuit against Apple in 2006? Who asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate if Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws? What was the third "non-final rejection"? What did Creative Technology file a lawsuit against Apple in 2006? Who will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license? What will Apple pay for a paid-up license? Who announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program? What will Apple pay for a paid-up license? Who announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program? What did the high rate of sales cause the U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65%? What did the high rate of sales cause the U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65%? What was the market share of the iPod in 2007? What was the market share of the iPod in 2007? What did the high rate of sales cause the U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65%? What did the high rate of sales cause the U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65%? What did the high rate of sales cause the U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65%? What did HP announce that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple? What did HP announce that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple? What did HP stop selling HP-branded iPods? What did HP stop selling HP-branded iPods? What did HP stop selling HP-branded iPods? What did HP announce that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple? What was Apple's second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion? Which industry analysts suggest that users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers? Which industry analysts suggest that users are likely to purchase other Apple products? Which industry analysts suggest that users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers? What was Apple's second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion? Which industry analysts suggest that users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers? What year did Apple's revenue increase to US$24.01 billion? What year did Apple's revenue increase to US$24.01 billion? What year did Apple end the 2007 fiscal year with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt? What year did Apple end the 2007 fiscal year with US $15.4 billion in cash and no debt? What year did Apple end the 2007 fiscal year with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt? What was the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales? What has not been a surprising trend for the Apple corporation since 2009? What did Phil Schiller announce that the total total sales of iPods exceeded 220 million? When did Phil Schiller announce total cumulative sales of iPods exceeded 220 million? What did Phil Schiller announce that the total total sales of iPods exceeded 220 million? What did Apple's iPod sales continue to decrease every financial quarter? What awards have been given to iPods? Which company says that the iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players"? What are some examples of CD copy-protection schemes? What are some examples of CD copy-protection schemes? What industry is modifying their products to work better with both the iPod line and the AAC audio format? What are some examples of CD copy-protection schemes? What industry is modifying their products to work better with both the iPod line and the AAC audio format? What have governments turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training? Who has turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training? Who has turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training? Who has turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training? Who put the iPod program on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list? Who put the iPod on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list? Who put the iPod program on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list? Who put the iPod on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list? What does the iPod's popularization of digital music storage allow users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music? What has been credited with accelerating shifts within the music industry? What does the iPod's popularization of digital music storage allow users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music? What does the iPod's popularization of digital music storage allow users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music? What is the advertised battery life on the fifth generation 30 GB iPod advertised as having up to 14 hours of music playback? What did an MP3.com report say was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions? What was the result of class action lawsuits brought against Apple in 2003? What does the fifth generation 30 GB iPod have 14 hours of music playback? What did an MP3.com report say was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions? What problem did Apple initially not replace worn-out batteries? What was the official policy that the customer should buy? What happened to all lithium-ion batteries when not in use? What problem did Apple initially not replace worn-out batteries? What happened to all lithium-ion batteries when not in use? What did Apple announce a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003? What was the initial cost of a battery replacement program? What type of iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive? What type of iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive? What did Apple announce a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003? What was the initial cost of a battery replacement program? What type of iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive? Why did Apple recommend that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them? What did Apple recommend that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them? What has been criticized for alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives? What did the MacInTouch website report that some models were more durable than others? What did the MacInTouch website report that some models were more durable than others? What did many users complain that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily? What did Apple initially consider the issue a minor defect? What did many users complain that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily? What did many users complain about the surface of the first generation iPod Nano? What did The Mail report that iPods are manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month? What did Apple investigate the case with independent auditors? What did Apple investigate the case with independent auditors? What did The Mail report that iPods are manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month? What did Apple investigate the case with independent auditors? What was the name of the company that hired Verité? What was the name of the company that hired Verité? Who hired a workplace standards auditing company to oversee the measures? What did workers at the Foxconn factory in Longhua form a union affiliated with? Who hired a workplace standards auditing company to oversee the measures? What was the name of the company that hired Verité? What did workers at the Foxconn factory in Longhua form a union affiliated with? What did Apple, HP, and others say they were investigating the situation? What happened in 2009 when an Apple prototype went missing? What did Apple, HP, and others say they were investigating the situation? What can create more jobs overseas than domestically? What do all iPods except for the iPod Touch can function in "disk mode"? What does the FAT32 format mean? What is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series? What is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series? What was the name of the release of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What was the name of the release of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series? What did Nintendo delay the release of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What was the name of the release of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What is the name of the character that tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension? What is the name of the character that tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension? What does the Twilight Realm take place hundreds of years after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask? What is the name of the character that tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension? What does the Twilight Realm take place hundreds of years after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask? What is the name of the alternate timeline from The Wind Waker? What was the most critically acclaimed Wii game of 2006? What was the name of the Wii U rereleased in 2011? What is the name of the high-definition port for the Wii U? What was Twilight Princess considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series? What was the most critically acclaimed Wii game of 2006? What was the most critically acclaimed game of 2006? What is the name of the high-definition port for the Wii U? What game uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time? What does the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess use? What does the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess use? What can Link walk, run, and attack? What is the Clawshot? What action-adventure game uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time? What does the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess use? What can Link walk, run, and attack? What does the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess use? What does the context-sensitive button mechanic allow one button to serve a variety of functions? What does the context-sensitive button mechanic allow one button to serve a variety of functions? What does the context-sensitive button cause Link to throw a rock if he is moving or targeting an object or enemy? What does the context-sensitive button mechanic allow one button to serve a variety of functions? What does the context-sensitive button mechanic allow one button to serve a variety of functions? What makes use of the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote? What is the sound of a bowstring when shooting an arrow? What makes use of the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote? What is the ability for the player to control the camera freely? What is the ability for the player to control the camera freely? What makes use of the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote? What makes use of the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote? How does Link navigate the dungeons? How does Link navigate the dungeons? How are the dungeons connected by a large overworld? How are the dungeons connected by a large overworld? How does Link navigate the dungeons? Which dungeons are connected by a large overworld? How are the dungeons connected by a large overworld? How does " Wolf Link" move faster than a human? What does Link lose the ability to use his sword, shield, or any secondary items? What does "Wolf Link" carry? What does "Wolf Link" carry? How does "Wolf Link" move faster than a human? How does " Wolf Link" move faster than a human? What does "Wolf Link" carry? What does "Wolf Link" carry? What is more advanced than the AI of enemies in Twilight Princess? What is more advanced than the AI of enemies in Twilight Princess? What can Enemies react to defeated companions and arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by? What is more advanced than the AI of enemies in Twilight Princess? What can Enemies react to defeated companions and arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by? What language-independent verbalizations are used in the Zelda game? What character of Midna has the most voice acting? What character of Midna has the most voice acting? What character of Midna has the most voice acting? What character of Midna has the most voice acting? What language-independent verbalizations are used in the Zelda game? What character of Midna has the most voice acting? What character of Midna has the most voice acting? What happens after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask? What does A Shadow Beast pull Link beyond the wall into the Realm of Twilight? Who guides Link to Princess Zelda? What do the Light Spirits return Link to his Hylian form? What happens after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask? What does A Shadow Beast pull Link beyond the wall into the Realm of Twilight? What do the Light Spirits return Link to his Hylian form? What is the name of the fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic? What does Zant do to Midna after he relieves her of the Fused Shadow fragments? What does Zelda need to return to human form? What does Zelda sacrifice to heal a dying Midna to Zelda? What does Link do to help Midna find the Fused Shadows? What is the name of the fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic? What does Zant do to Midna after he relieves her of the Fused Shadow fragments? What does Zelda need to return to human form? What does Zelda sacrifice to heal a dying Midna to Zelda? What is the name of the magic that kept Link in wolf form? How is the Mirror of Twilight located in the Gerudo Desert? What did the Sages say they used the Mirror of Twilight to banish Ganondorf? How does Ganondorf fight Link? What does Ganondorf fight Link by possessing Zelda's body? What is the name of the magic that kept Link in wolf form? How is the Mirror of Twilight located in the Gerudo Desert? How is the Mirror of Twilight located in the Gerudo Desert? What did the Sages say they used the Mirror of Twilight to banish Ganondorf? What does Ganondorf fight Link by possessing Zelda's body? What happened to Ganondorf as he crushes Midna's helmet? How is the Mirror of Twilight restored? What happened to Midna's helmet as Hyrule Castle collapsed? What happens to Ganondorf's horseback as he crushes Midna's helmet? How does Ganondorf engage Link on horseback? What happened to Midna's helmet as Hyrule Castle collapsed? What happened to Ganondorf as he crushes Midna's helmet? What happened to the Mirror of Twilight Realm? What did Eiji Aonuma say The Legend of Zelda was in the works for the GameCube? Who told Aonuma that North American sales of The Wind Waker were sluggish? Who told Aonuma that North American sales of The Wind Waker were sluggish? What did Eiji Aonuma advise that Aonuma start by doing what could not be done in Ocarina of Time? What did Eiji Aonuma say The Legend of Zelda was in the works for the GameCube? Who told Aonuma that North American sales of The Wind Waker were sluggish? What did Eiji Aonuma advise that Aonuma start by doing what could not be done in Ocarina of Time? How did Aonuma's team present realistic horseback riding? How did Aonuma's team present realistic horseback riding? What did Miyamoto explain that the graphical style of The Wind Waker better fit the theme of an older incarnation of Link? What did Miyamoto explain that the graphical style of The Wind Waker better fit the theme of an older incarnation of Link? How did Aonuma's team present realistic horseback riding? Who created the script for the story scenes of A Link to the Past? What did Aonuma leave his team working on the new idea while directing The Minish Cap for the Game Boy Advance? What did Miyamoto think the Wii Remote was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda? What did Miyamoto think the Wii Remote was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda? Who created the script for the story scenes of A Link to the Past? What did Miyamoto think the Wii Remote was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda? What did Aonuma think was the only way to proceed? What did Satoru Iwata feel would frustrate users in the end? Who felt that having both versions would satisfy users in the end? What did Satoru Iwata feel would frustrate users in the end? What did Nintendo announce that Zelda would appear on the Wii? What did Nintendo announce that Zelda would appear on the Wii? What did Nintendo announce that Zelda would appear on the Wii? What did Nintendo announce that Zelda would appear on the Wii? What was a prototype created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint? Who confirmed the Wii controller-functionality in an interview with Nintendo of Europe? What did Miyamoto say the Wii controller-functionality did not make it into the GameCube release? When did Nintendo announce that both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? What did Nintendo push back to a month after the launch of the Wii? Who confirmed the Wii controller-functionality in an interview with Nintendo of Europe? When did Nintendo announce that both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? Who reported that demo users complained about the difficulty of the control scheme? What did the new item system require use of the button that had previously been used for the sword? What was the problem of using a right-handed swing to control a left-handed sword attack? What happened to the problem of using a right -handed swing to control a left-handed sword attack? What did Aonuma begin rethinking the controls with Miyamoto? Who was the sound supervisor of Twilight Princess? Who was the sound supervisor of Twilight Princess? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who was the sound supervisor of Twilight Princess? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? What prompted Kondo to consider using orchestral music for more "lyrical moments"? Who cited lack of interactivity that comes with orchestral music as one of the main reasons for Kondo's decision? What was the name of the six- and seven-track version of the game's soundtrack released on November 19, 2006? What was the name of the six- and seven-track version of the game's soundtrack released on November 19, 2006? What prompted Kondo to consider using orchestral music for more "lyrical moments"? What was the name of the six- and seven-track version of the game's soundtrack released on November 19, 2006? What was the name of the six- and seven-track version of the game's soundtrack released on November 19, 2006? What did the "Twilight Hack" allow for the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital card on the console? How did the "Twilight Hack" prevent copying exploited save files onto the console? What version of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console? What was the result of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What version of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console? What version of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console? What is the name of the remaster of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? What is the name of the remaster of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? What is the name of the remaster of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? What will The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD be released in North America and Europe on March 4, 2016? What is the name of the remaster of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? What is the name of the remaster of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? What is the name of the remaster of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? What will The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD be released in North America and Europe on March 4, 2016? What do other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have? What do other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have? What do other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have? What do other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have? What do other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have? What do other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have? What do other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have? What do other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have? What do other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have? What is the name of a CD that contains 20 musical selections from the game? What is the name of a CD that contains 20 musical selections from the game? What is the name of a CD that contains 20 musical selections from the game? What is the name of a CD that contains 20 musical selections from the game? How did Twilight Princess receive perfect scores from major publications such as 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, and GameSpy? What did GameTrailers call Twilight Princess one of the greatest games ever created? Who called Twilight Princess one of the greatest games ever created? What was Twilight Princess released to universal critical acclaim and commercial success? How did Twilight Princess receive perfect scores from major publications such as 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, and GameSpy? What did GameTrailers call Twilight Princess one of the greatest games ever created? Who called Twilight Princess one of the greatest games ever created? What did IGN and GameSpy point out the existence of blurry textures and low-resolution characters? Who praised Twilight Princess's soundtrack for lack of "the punch and crispness" of their orchestrated counterparts? Who said the Wii controls were "tacked-on"? Who praised Twilight Princess for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? Who praised Twilight Princess for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? What did IGN and GameSpy point out the existence of blurry textures and low-resolution characters? Who praised Twilight Princess for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? Who praised Twilight Princess for its "very long quests, superb Wii controls and being able to save anytime"? What award did IGN and Nintendo Power give Twilight Princess? Who ranked Twilight Princess as the 4th-best Wii game? Who ranked the game as the 4th -best Wii game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s decade? What was the third -best Wii game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s decade? What awards did IGN and Nintendo Power give Twilight Princess? What was Twilight Princess considered the best console game by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy? Who ranked Twilight Princess as the 4th-best Wii game? Who ranked the game as the 4th -best Wii game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s decade? What is the best-selling entry in the Zelda series? How many copies of Twilight Princess were sold on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? How many copies of Twilight Princess were sold on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? What is the best-selling entry in the Zelda series? How many copies of Twilight Princess were sold on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? How many copies of Twilight Princess were sold on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? What manga series was first released on February 8, 2016? What manga series was first released on February 8, 2016? What is the name of the mobile application for the manga series based on Twilight Princess? What is the name of the manga series based on Twilight Princess? What is the name of the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions? What is the name of the second James Bond film produced by Eon Productions? What is the name of the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions? What was Spectre (2015) directed by Sam Mendes? What is the most expensive Bond film ever made? What is the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions? What is the name of the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions? What is the name of the twenty four th James Bond film produced by Eon Productions? What is the most expensive Bond film ever made? What was Spectre (2015) directed by Sam Mendes? What does the story see Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre? What is the story of Spectre's first appearance in an Eon Productions film? What role does M, Q and Eve Moneypenny play? What role does M, Q and Eve Moneypenny play? What role does M, Q and Eve Moneypenny play? What role does M, Q and Eve Moneypenny play? What role does M, Q and Eve Moneypenny play? What role does M, Q and Eve Moneypenny play? What was the first Eon Productions film since 1971? What was the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues after Skyfall? What was the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues after Skyfall? What was the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues after Skyfall? What did Spectre receive mixed reviews upon its release? What has Spectre grossed over $879 million worldwide? What was the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues after Skyfall? What has Spectre grossed over $879 million worldwide? What is the purpose of James Bond's mission to Mexico City? What is the purpose of James Bond's mission to Mexico City? What is the purpose of James Bond's mission to Mexico? Who campaigns for Britain to form alongside 8 other countries? What was Garreth Mallory's promotion to M? What is the purpose of James Bond's mission to Mexico City? Who campaigns for Britain to form alongside 8 other countries? What happens when Bond steals a ring that is emblazoned with a stylised octopus? Who visits Sciarra's widow Lucia? Who is the leader of Spectre? Who is the leader of Spectre? What informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White? Who informs Bond that the information he collected leads to? Who visits Sciarra's widow Lucia? Who is the leader of Spectre? What informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White? Who is the leader of Spectre? Who is dying of thallium poisoning? What does Bond admit to growing disenchanted with Quantum? Who finds Swann at the Hoffler Klinik? Who finds Swann at the Hoffler Klinik? What happens to L'Américain? What happens when Bond travels to Austria to find White? What does Bond admit to growing disenchanted with Quantum? What does Swann reveal about L'Américain? Who finds Swann at the Hoffler Klinik? How do Bond and Swann travel to Oberhauser's base? Who is tortured as Oberhauser discusses their shared history? What did Oberhauser believe he supplanted his role as son? What did Oberhauser believe he supplanted his role as son? What happens when Bond is taken to the old MI6 building? What happens to Bond and Blofeld as the building collapses? What happens as Blofeld crawls away from the wreckage? Who leaves Bond telling him she cannot be part of a life involving espionage? Which two men meet M, Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny? Who leaves Bond telling him she cannot be part of a life involving espionage? What did Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory dispute over the film rights to Thunderball? What did Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory dispute over the film rights to Thunderball? How did Fleming become a producer for the 1965 film Thunderball? How did Fleming become a producer for the 1965 film Thunderball? How did Fleming become a producer for the 1965 film Thunderball? How did Fleming become a producer for the 1965 film Thunderball? How did Fleming become a producer for the 1965 film Thunderball? How did Ian Fleming settle out of court with McClory in 1963? What did MGM acquire the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre? What was the Spectre acronym discarded? What did MGM acquire the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre? What did MGM acquire the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre? What did MGM acquire the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre? What did MGM acquire the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre? What did MGM acquire the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre? What did hackers release details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives? What did hackers release details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives? What was the name of the e-mails released by hackers? What company later confirmed the leak of what they called an early version of the screenplay? What did hackers release details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives? What was the name of the e-mails released by hackers? What company later confirmed the leak of what they called an early version of the screenplay? Who shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser? Who shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser? What did Neal Purvis and Robert Wade say Spectre would provide a minor retcon to the continuity of previous films? What did Neal Purvis and Robert Wade say Spectre would provide a minor retcon to the continuity of previous films? Who shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser? What is the name of Charmian Bond's guardian? Who shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser? What is the name of the character of Franz Oberhauser? What did Neal Purvis and Robert Wade say Spectre would provide a minor retcon to the continuity of previous films? Who shares his name with Hannes Oberhauser? What short story collection is a reference to Fleming's material? What short story collection is a reference to the Hildebrand Rarity? What do Fleming's references to Fleming's material be found throughout the film? What is a reference to Fleming's material in the MI6 safehouse? What short story collection is a reference to the Hildebrand Rarity? What short story collection is a reference to Fleming's material? What role did Daniel Craig return for his fourth appearance as James Bond? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series? What role did Rory Kinnear play Bill Tanner? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series? What role did Rory Kinnear play Bill Tanner? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series? Who was Ernst Stavro Blofeld cast? Who was Ernst Stavro Blofeld cast? Who was the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl? What did Jesper Christensen reveal he would be reprising his role as Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace? Who was the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl? Who was the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl? What did Jesper Christensen reveal he would be reprising his role as Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? What was the effect of the extras in the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? What was the effect of the extras in the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? What role did Marco Sciarra play? What was the effect of the extras in the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? What was the effect of the extras in the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? How did John Logan resume his role as scriptwriter in directing Skyfall and Spectre? Who returned as the film's production designer? What was Dennis Gassner's role as the film's production designer? What was John Logan's role in directing Skyfall and Spectre? What was John Logan's role in directing Skyfall and Spectre? What was John Logan's role in directing Skyfall and Spectre? How did John Logan resume his role as scriptwriter in directing Skyfall and Spectre? Who did Dennis Gassner return as the film's production designer? Who shot the film on Kodak 35mm film stock? What film did Van Hoytema shoot on Kodak 35mm film stock? Who confirmed that production would begin at Pinewood Studios on 8 December 2014? Who shot the film on Kodak 35mm film stock? What film did Van Hoytema shoot on Kodak 35mm film stock? Who confirmed that production would begin at Pinewood Studios on 8 December 2014? What was the name of the film that started in Austria in December 2014? What was the name of the scenes filmed in Austria? What action scene featured a Land Rover Defender Bigfoot and a Range Rover Sport? What was the cause of the shooting of a fight scene? What action scene featured a Land Rover Defender Bigfoot and a Range Rover Sport? What happened to the scenes filmed in Austria? What was the name of the film that started in Austria in December 2014? Where did filming return to England to shoot scenes at Blenheim Palace? What were the C-X75s used for filming? What was the name of the car chase scene that featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75? What was the name of the car chase scene that featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75? Where did filming return to England to shoot scenes at Blenheim Palace? Where did filming return to England to shoot scenes at Blenheim Palace? What was the name of the car chase scene that featured an Aston Martin DB10 and a Jaguar C-X75? What were the C-X75s used for filming? What were the C-X75s used for filming? What did the film's opening sequence require the city square to be closed? What did the film's opening sequence require the city square to be closed? What did the film's opening sequence require the city square to be closed? What did the film's second unit move to Palenque in the state of Chiapas? What did the Mexican media report that the film's second unit would move to Palenque in the state of Chiapas? What did the film's opening sequence require the city square to be closed? What required the city square to be closed for filming a fight? What did the film's opening sequence require the city square to be closed? What happened to Craig after filming in Mexico? What was the news that Craig had returned to filming at Pinewood Studios? What happened to Craig after filming in Mexico? Which scenes were shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross? What were Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz seen being filmed? What happened on the Thames in London on 17 May 2015? What happened on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross? Which scenes were shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross? What were Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz seen being filmed? What did the crew return to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river? Which scenes were shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross? What was the Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history? What was the Guinness World Record for the " Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history? What was the Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history? How long did Spectre filming take? What was the Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history? What was the Guinness World Record for the " Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history? How long did the wrap-up party for Spectre take? What was the Guinness World Record for the "Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history? What did Michael G. Wilson deny that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities? What did Michael G. Wilson deny that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities? Who had previously faced similar problems while attempting to secure permits to shoot the film's pre-title sequence in India before moving to Istanbul? Who had previously faced similar problems while attempting to secure permits to shoot the film's pre-title sequence in India before moving to Istanbul? Who returned as Spectre's composer? What was the name of the soundtrack album released on Decca Records? What was the name of the soundtrack album released on Decca Records? Who returned as Spectre's composer? What was the name of the soundtrack album released on Decca Records? What did Mendes say the final film would have more than one hundred minutes of music? What did Mendes reveal that the final film would have more than one hundred minutes of music? What did Sam Smith and Jimmy Napes say the song came together in one session? Who said the song came together in one session before recording a demo? Who said the song came together in half an hour before recording a demo? What did Sam Smith and Jimmy Napes say the song came together in one session? What was the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart? What was the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart? What was the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart? What was the name of the band that composed a song for the film? What was the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart? What was the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart? What was the name of the band that composed a song for the film? What did Aston Martin and Eon unveil as the official car for the DB10? What did Aston Martin and Eon unveil as the official car for the DB10? What did Williams F1 carry the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? How many cars were used for the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? What did Aston Martin and Eon unveil as the official car for the DB10? What did Williams F1 carry the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? What did Skyfall release still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts? How did Skyfall continue to release still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's social media accounts? What did Skyfall release still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts? How did Skyfall continue to release still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's social media accounts? What was the first teaser trailer for Spectre? What was the first teaser trailer for Spectre? What was the name of the first teaser trailer for Spectre? What was the first teaser trailer for Spectre? What was the first teaser trailer for Spectre? What was the first teaser trailer for Spectre? What film did Paramount Pictures release Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation? What film did Paramount Pictures release Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation? What was the wider release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation? What did Paramount Pictures release Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation? What was the wider release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation? What has Spectre grossed $879.3 million worldwide? What has Spectre grossed $879.3 million worldwide? What has Spectre grossed $879.3 million worldwide? What was the UK record for highest first-week opening in 2004? What was the UK record for highest opening in 2004? What did Avatar become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever? What was the UK's record for highest first-week opening in 2004? What was the UK record for highest opening in 2004? What did Avatar become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever? What record did The Dark Knight break for the best per-screen opening average? What did Spectre open with more than double that of Skyfall? What is the name of the top movie of the year in India? What is the second highest ticket sales of all time in Paris? What was the new record for the biggest Saturday of all time? What is the second highest ticket sales of all time in Paris? What is the top earning market for Spectre? What was Spectre's $1.85 million in 112 XD locations? What was Spectre's opening weekend? What did Spectre end up grossing $70.4 million in its opening weekend? What was Spectre's opening weekend? What was Spectre's $1.85 million in 112 XD locations? What did Spectre end up grossing $70.4 million in its opening weekend? What is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film? What is the second worst second weekend drop for any major Hollywood release in China of 2015? What was the second worst second weekend drop for any major Hollywood release in China of 2015? What was the second worst second weekend drop for any major Hollywood release in China of 2015? What is the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film? What was the second worst second weekend drop for any major Hollywood release in China of 2015? What rating did CinemaScore give the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale? What is the rating of the film on Metacritic? What was the rating of the film on Metacritic? What was the average rating of Spectre on an A+ to F scale? What was the rating of the film on Metacritic? What rating did CinemaScore give the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale? What did Robbie Collin call Spectre "a feat of pure cinematic necromancy"? What did Chris Tilly say Spectre is "solid if unspectacular"? What did Peter Bradshaw say Spectre was "inventive, intelligent and complex"? What did Peter Bradshaw say Spectre was "inventive, intelligent and complex"? Who criticised Spectre for being "the worst 007 movie in 30 years"? Who gave Spectre an 80 grade? What did Matt Zoller Seitz say Spectre "comes off as exhausted and uninspired"? What did Matt Zoller Seitz say Spectre "comes off as exhausted and uninspired"? Lawrence Toppman of The Charlotte Observer called Craig's performance "Bored, James Bored?" Who called Craig's performance " Bored, James Bored?" Who wrote for The Washington Post? Who called Craig's performance " Bored, James Bored?" What did the CBFC censored kissing scenes? What prompted criticism of the CBFC? Who has signed on for two more films in Spectre? Who has stated he will not return to direct the next 007 film? What is the name of the sequel to Spectre? What was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake? What was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake? What was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake? What was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake? What was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake? What was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake? What was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake? What was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake? What was the magnitude of the Wenchuan earthquake? What was the location of the Wenchuan earthquake? What caused new casualties and damage to the Wenchuan earthquake? What is the Wenchuan earthquake? What is the Wenchuan earthquake? What was the location of the Wenchuan earthquake? What was the location of the Wenchuan earthquake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people lived in the affected area? How many people lived in the affected area? What did the central government announce that it would spend $1 trillion to rebuild areas ravaged by the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people lived in the affected area? How many people lived in the affected area? What magnitude was the epicenter of the quake? What magnitude was the epicenter of the quake? What magnitude was the epicenter of the quake? What was the magnitude of the earthquake? What magnitude was the epicenter of the quake? What magnitude was the epicenter of the quake? What was the cause of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture? What was the cause of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture? How long did the Yingxiu-Beichuan rupture last? What was the focus of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture? What was the cause of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture? What was the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture? How long did the Yingxiu-Beichuan rupture last? What was the maximum displacement of the earthquake? Who claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? What did Geng's article point out the inherent difficulties associated with predicting earthquakes? Who claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? Who claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? Who claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? Who did Geng try to establish a correlation between the occurrence of droughts and earthquakes? What did the Seismological Bureau deny that the Seismological Bureau had received reports predicting the earthquake? What did preliminary rupture models indicate displacement of up to 9 meters along a fault? What did Tom Parsons warn that there is "high risk" of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months? What did preliminary rupture models indicate displacement of up to 9 meters along a fault? What did preliminary rupture models indicate displacement of up to 9 meters along a fault? What did preliminary rupture models indicate displacement of up to 9 meters along a fault? What caused deformations of the surface greater than 3 meters? What did Tom Parsons warn that there is "high risk" of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months? What did Yuji Yagi say the quake lasted about two minutes? Who said the Longmenshan Fault tore in two sections? Who said the Longmenshan Fault tore in two sections? Who pointed out that the shallowness of the epicenter and density of population greatly increased the severity of the earthquake? What did Yuji Yagi point out that the shallowness of the epicenter and density of population greatly increased the severity of the earthquake? Who said the earthquake tremors lasted about two or three minutes? How many aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake? How many aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the quake? What was the most recent aftershock exceeding M6? How many aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake? How many aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the quake? How many aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the quake? How many aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the quake? What was the most recent aftershock exceeding M6? What was the cause of the Ms 6.1 earthquake? What was the cause of the Ms 6.1 earthquake? What was the Ms 6.1 earthquake caused by? What was the cause of the 2008 Panzhihua earthquake? What was the cause of the Ms 6.1 earthquake? What was the cause of the Ms 6.1 earthquake? What was the cause of the 2008 Panzhihua earthquake? What was CSIS's map of earthquake intensity? What was CSIS's map of earthquake intensity? What was CSIS's map of earthquake intensity? What did the USGS use the Modified Mercalli intensity scale? How long is the Yingxiu liedu-XI zone? What earthquake ruptured at least two imbricate structures in the Longmen Shan Fault System? What was the average slip in the Beichuan Fault system? What was the average slip on the Beichuan Fault system? What was the average slip on the Beichuan Fault system? What was the average slip on the Beichuan Fault system? What earthquake ruptured at least two imbricate structures in the Longmen Shan Fault System? What earthquake ruptured at least two imbricate structures in the Longmen Shan Fault System? What was the average slip in the Beichuan Fault system? What was the average slip in the Beichuan Fault system? What was the average slip in the Beichuan Fault system? What was the name of the office buildings in Shanghai's financial district evacuated? What did the receptionist at the Tibet Hotel say was calm after the hotel evacuated its guests? How was Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport shut down? What airport was shut down? What airport reopened later on the evening of May 12? What was the name of the office buildings in Shanghai's financial district evacuated? What airport was shut down? Which airline delayed both legs of its quadruple daily Hong Kong to London route? What was the airport used as a staging area for relief operations? Who said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in Chengdu? How many buildings were evacuated? What happened to a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks? What happened to a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks? Who said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in Chengdu? How many buildings were evacuated? What happened to the cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks? What happened to a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks? What happened to a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks? What caused the collapse of 80% of the buildings in Beichuan County? How many buildings collapsed in Beichuan County? How many students were buried in Dujiangyan? How many students were buried in Dujiangyan? What caused the collapse of 80% of the buildings in Beichuan County? What caused the collapse of 80% of the buildings in Beichuan County? How many buildings collapsed in Beichuan County? How many students were buried in Dujiangyan? How many students were buried in Dujiangyan? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies based in southwestern China? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies in southwestern China? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies in southwestern China? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies in southwestern China? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies based in southwestern China? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies in southwestern China? What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies in southwestern China? How were mobile and terrestrial telecommunications restored? How were mobile and terrestrial telecommunications restored? What did the government restore to the Sichuan province? How were mobile and terrestrial telecommunications restored? How were mobile and terrestrial telecommunications restored? What did the government restore to the Sichuan province? How were news and media websites made accessible online in the Sichuan province? How were news and media websites made accessible online in the Sichuan province? How many base stations were lost in the Sichuan province? How was China Unicom's service in Wenchuan cut off? How many base stations were lost in the Sichuan province? How many base stations were lost in the Sichuan province? How many wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province? What service was cut off in Wenchuan? How was China Unicom's service in Wenchuan cut off? How many giant pandas were found in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? How many giant pandas were in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? What did the Foreign Ministry say about the well-being of a greater number of pandas in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? What did officials not contact the Wolong National Nature Reserve? How many giant pandas were found in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? How many pandas escaped after the quake? What was Mao Mao's body discovered on Monday? What was Mao Mao's body found in a small wooden crate? What was the location of the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant damaged? What was the location of the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant damaged? How many troops have been allocated to Zipingpu? How many dams were reported damaged by the quake? What was the location of the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant damaged? What was the location of the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant damaged? How is the Tulong reservoir in danger of collapse? How is the Tulong reservoir in danger of collapse? How many dams were reported damaged by the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in the quake? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many schools were toppled in Dujiangyan? Who said the public health system in China is insufficient? Who said the public health system in China is insufficient? Who said the public health system in China is insufficient? Who pointed out that the earthquake hit an area that has been neglected and untouched by China's economic rise? Who said the public health system in China is insufficient? Who said the public health system in China is insufficient? What did Gao Qiang say the government should be responsible for providing medical treatment to earthquake victims? How many school children died in Mianyang City? How many school buildings collapsed in Mianyang City? How many school buildings collapsed in Mianyang City? How many school buildings were buried in Hanwang? How many school buildings collapsed in Mianyang City? How many school children died in Mianyang City? How many school buildings collapsed in Mianyang City? How many school buildings collapsed in Mianyang City? How many school buildings were buried in Hanwang? How many students died at Beichuan Middle School? What was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake? What was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many students were killed in the earthquake? What was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake? What was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many students were killed in the earthquake? What did the Chinese government declare that parents who had lost their only children would get free treatment from fertility clinics? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many pigs died in the Sichuan earthquake? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many pigs died in the Sichuan earthquake? How many pigs died in the Sichuan earthquake? Who pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake? Who pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake? Who pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake? Who pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake? What was the reason many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? What was the reason many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? What are the reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? What was the reason many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? What was the reason many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? What are the reasons why many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? Who said the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China? Who said the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China? Who said the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China? What did Swaminathan Krishnan say the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China? What professor of civil engineering and geophysics said the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China? What did Swaminathan Krishnan say many of the buildings were not built with regulations overseeing them? What is one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history? What is one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history? What is one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history? What is one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history? What is one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history? What caused the collapse of more than 420,000 homes and injured 63 people? How did an aftershock of 6.0 Mw hit Qingchuan? How did an aftershock of 6.0 Mw hit Qingchuan? What caused the collapse of more than 420,000 homes and injured 63 people? What caused the collapse of more than 420,000 homes and injured 63 people? What was the cause of the 6.1 Ms aftershock in Qingchuan? Who confirmed that more than 90,000 people were dead or missing in the 2008 earthquake? How many schools had been reconstructed? How many schools had been reconstructed? How many schools had been reconstructed? Who confirmed that more than 90,000 people were dead or missing in the 2008 earthquake? Who confirmed that more than 90,000 people were dead or missing in the 2008 earthquake? How many schools had been reconstructed? How many schools had been reconstructed? How many schools had been reconstructed? When did Premier Wen Jiabao flew to the earthquake area? When did Premier Wen Jiabao flew to the earthquake area? When did Premier Wen Jiabao flew to the earthquake area? What did the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatch to help with disaster relief work in Wenchuan County? When did Premier Wen Jiabao flew to the earthquake area? How did the Ministry of Health send emergency medical teams to Wenchuan County? What did the Chengdu Military Region Command dispatch to help with disaster relief work in Wenchuan County? What did the Chengdu Military Region Command find difficult to get help to the rural regions of Wenchuan County? Who initiated a Level II emergency contingency plan? Who initiated a Level II emergency contingency plan? When did the Level II emergency contingency plan rise to Level I? Who initiated a Level II emergency contingency plan? Who initiated the Level II emergency contingency plan? Who initiated a Level II emergency contingency plan? Who initiated the Level II emergency contingency plan? What happened to an earthquake emergency relief team from Nanyuan Airport? What happened to an earthquake emergency relief team from Nanyuan Airport? What happened to an earthquake emergency relief team from Nanyuan Airport? What happened to an earthquake emergency relief team from Nanyuan Airport? What happened to an earthquake emergency relief team from Nanyuan Airport? What happened to an earthquake emergency relief team from Nanyuan Airport? What happened to an earthquake emergency relief team from Nanyuan Airport? How many people from the State Seismological Bureau did an earthquake emergency relief team leave Beijing? What happened to an earthquake emergency relief team from Nanyuan Airport? What was the name of the article that reports a close analysis by an alleged Chinese construction engineer? What was the name of the article in the China Digital Times? What was the name of the article that reports a close analysis by an alleged Chinese construction engineer? What was the name of the article in the China Digital Times? On what day did many parents mourn for their children? What did the surviving children perform on Children's Day? What did the surviving children perform on Children's Day? What was the name of the day that many parents mourned for their children? On what day did many parents mourn for their children? What did the surviving children perform on Children's Day? Who donated 10 million yuan each to the disaster area? Who donated 10 million yuan each to the disaster area? Who donated 10 million yuan each to the disaster area? Who donated 10 million yuan each to the disaster area? What was Saudi Arabia's largest aid donor to China? What was Saudi Arabia's largest aid donor to China? What was Saudi Arabia's largest aid donor to China? What was Saudi Arabia's largest aid donor to China? What was Saudi Arabia's largest aid donor to China? What was Saudi Arabia's largest aid donor to China? What was Saudi Arabia's largest aid donor to China? What was Saudi Arabia's largest aid donor to China? What is the name of the counterpart support plan? What was the cost of the counterpart support plan? What is the name of the counterpart support plan? How long did the counterpart support plan take? What was the cost of the counterpart support plan? What was the cost of the counterpart support plan? What did the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau say could have caused a violent rupture? What article suggested that the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam may have triggered the earthquake? What did the government disregarded warnings about the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam? What had the government denied access to seismological and geological data to examine the cause of the quake? What had the government denied access to seismological and geological data to examine the cause of the quake? Who has been denied access to seismological and geological data to examine the cause of the quake? What was the purpose of the Intermagnet Lanzhou geomagnetic observatory? What did Lazo Pekevski and Strachimir Mavrodiev use to predict the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? What university used data from the Intermagnet Lanzhou geomagnetic observatory? What university used data from the Intermagnet Lanzhou geomagnetic observatory? What did Gary Gibson say he did not see anything that could be regarded as having 'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence? What did Gary Gibson say he did not see anything that could be regarded as having 'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence? What did Gary Gibson say he did not see anything that could be regarded as having 'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence? What did Gary Gibson say did not see anything that could be regarded as having 'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence? Gary Gibson told Deutsche Presse-Agentur that he did not see anything that could be regarded as having 'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence? What was Chen Xuezhong's study? What was Chen Xuezhong's study? What was Chen Xuezhong's study? What was Chen Xuezhong's study? What was Chen Xuezhong's study? What was the worst earthquake to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years? What was the worst earthquake to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years? What is not yet established science? What is not yet established science? What is not yet established science? How many rescue teams were reported ready to join the rescue effort in Sichuan? What did the extreme terrain conditions prevent the use of helicopter evacuation? What did the Red Cross Society of China say was inconvenient? What did the Red Cross Society of China say the disaster areas need tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food? What did the Red Cross Society of China say the disaster areas need tents, medical supplies, drinking water and food? How did the search and rescue group attempt to reach the ethnically Tibetan village of Sier? What caused the evacuation of the injured and reconnaissance of quake-stricken areas? How did wenchuan County respond to the quake-stricken area? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? What caused the evacuation of the injured and reconnaissance of quake-stricken areas? How did wenchuan County respond to the quake-stricken area? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? How many survivors were found in Wenchuan? What was the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history? What was the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history? What was the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history? What was the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history? What was the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history? What was the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history? What was the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history? What was the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history? Who was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort? Who was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort? Who was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort? Who was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort? Who said it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake? Who said it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake? What did China Airlines seek approval from mainland Chinese authorities? What was the name of the flight that was scheduled to depart Taipei? What was the name of the flight that was scheduled to depart Taipei? What did China Airlines seek approval from mainland Chinese authorities? What did China Airlines seek approval from mainland Chinese authorities? What did China Airlines seek approval from mainland Chinese authorities? What was the scheduled departure of a rescue team from the Red Cross in Taiwan? What did China Airlines seek approval from mainland Chinese authorities? What did the US share satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities? What did the US share satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? What did the US share satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities? What did the US share satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? What was used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? How did the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center? How did the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center? What was the first touchdown place for the helicopters? What was used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? How did the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center? What was the first touchdown place for the helicopters? What did volunteers set up websites to help store contact information for victims and evacuees? What happened to a rescue helicopter carrying earthquake survivors and crew members? What was the first anniversary of the quake? What did the government open access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat? What did the government open access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat? What was the first anniversary of the quake? What did the government open access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat? What happened to the survivors of the quake? What did the government open access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat? How many people donated blood to accounts set up by China Unicom and China Mobile? How many people donated through text messaging on mobile phones to accounts set up by China Unicom and China Mobile? What did people donate blood after the earthquake? How many people donated blood to accounts set up by China Unicom and China Mobile? What did people donate blood after the earthquake? How many people donated through text messaging on mobile phones to accounts set up by China Unicom and China Mobile? How many people donated through text messaging on mobile phones to accounts set up by China Unicom and China Mobile? Who flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts to Wenchuan County? Who flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts to Wenchuan County? Who flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts to Wenchuan County? Who flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts to Wenchuan County? What did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs say they have provided 30,000 tents for those left homeless? Who flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts to Wenchuan County? What has the Amity Foundation earmarked for disaster relief? What did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs say they have provided 30,000 tents for those left homeless? What did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs say they have provided 30,000 tents for those left homeless? What has the Amity Foundation earmarked for disaster relief? Who invented a catch phrase to mock the quality and quantity of inferior constructions that killed so many school children? What have Chinese citizens invented tofu-dregs schoolhouses? Who invented a catch phrase to mock the quality and quantity of inferior constructions that killed so many school children? Who invented a catch phrase to mock the quality and quantity of inferior constructions that killed so many school children? What have Chinese citizens invented tofu-dregs schoolhouses? What type of children may be registered as legal replacements for their dead siblings? What was the name of the special four-hour program? What was the name of the special four-hour program? What was the biggest corporate contribution of CCTV-1? What was the name of the 8-hour fundraising marathon? What was the name of the 8-hour fundraising marathon? What was the name of the special four-hour program? What was the biggest corporate contribution of CCTV-1? What was the name of the special four-hour program? What was the name of the 8-hour fundraising marathon? What was the name of the 8-hour fundraising marathon? Who praised China's media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake? What was China's openness during the media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake? Who praised China's media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake? Who praised China's media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake? What was China's openness during the media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake? What caused the formation of quake lakes? How many lakes had to be evacuated due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers? How many lakes had to be evacuated due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers? What caused the formation of "quake lakes" behind the blockages? What caused the formation of "quake lakes" behind the blockages? What caused the formation of quake lakes? How many lakes had to be evacuated due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers? What caused the evacuation of villages? What was the most precarious of the quake-lakes? What was the most precarious of the quake-lakes? What was the most precarious of the quake-lakes? How many people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1? How many people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1? What was the most precarious of the quake-lakes? What was the most precarious of the quake-lakes? How many tons of fuel was airlifted to the site? What was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something other than the death of a state leader? What was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something other than the death of a state leader? What was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something other than the death of a state leader? What was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something other than the death of a state leader? What did people spontaneously burst into cheering "Zhongguo jiayou!" and "Sichuan jiayou"? What was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something other than the death of a state leader? What did the Ningbo Organizing Committee announce that the Beijing Olympic torch relay would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period? What did the Ningbo Organizing Committee announce that the Beijing Olympic torch relay would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period? What did the Ningbo Organizing Committee announce that the Beijing Olympic torch relay would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period? What did the Ningbo Organizing Committee announce that the Beijing Olympic torch relay would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period? How was the route of the Beijing Olympic torch relay scaled down? How was the route of the Beijing Olympic torch relay scaled down? What did youku and Tudou display a black background? What did youku and Tudou display a black background? What did the Chinese servers for World of Warcraft have shut down altogether? What was the name of the casino in Macau that closed down? Where did Casinos in Macau shut down? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? How much money did Ye Zhiping obtain from the county education department? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? What did Ye Zhiping do during a three-year period that ended in 2007? What did Reuters report in June that Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into collapsed schools? What did Reuters report that safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake? What did Reuters report in June that Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into collapsed schools? What did Reuters report in June that Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into collapsed schools? What did Reuters report that safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake? What did Reuters report in June that Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into collapsed schools? What did officials push parents to sign a document that forbade them from holding protests? What did officials use other methods of silencing? What newspaper reported that government officials in Beijing and Sichuan are investigating the collapses? What did officials push parents to sign a document that forbade them from holding protests? What did officials push parents to sign a document that forbade them from holding protests? What did officials push parents to sign a document that forbade them from holding protests? What did officials use other methods of silencing? What was Liu Shaokun's family told he was being investigated on suspicion of inciting subversion? What was Liu Shaokun's family told he was being investigated on suspicion of inciting subversion? What was Liu Shaokun's family told he was being investigated on suspicion of inciting subversion? What was Liu Shaokun's family told he was being investigated on suspicion of inciting subversion? What happened to Liu Shaokun? What was Liu Shaokun ordered to serve one year of re-education through labor? What was Liu Shaokun ordered to serve one year of re-education through labor? What did The Standard report that Tan Zuoren attempted to document shoddy construction that may have led to massive casualties in schools? What did The Standard report that Tan Zuoren attempted to document shoddy construction that may have led to massive casualties in schools? What did The Standard report that Tan Zuoren attempted to document shoddy construction that may have led to massive casualties in schools? What did UNICEF report that China requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? What did UNICEF report that China requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? What did UNICEF report that China requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? What did UNICEF report that China requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? What did UNICEF report that China requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? Who gave $214,000 to the Red Cross Society of China? What has Yao Ming donated to the Red Cross Society of China? Who gave $214,000 and $71,000 to the Red Cross Society of China? What was Yao Ming's donation to the Red Cross Society of China? Who gave $214,000 to the Red Cross Society of China? How many people have donated to the Red Cross Society of China? Who praised the rescue effort in Beijing on Tuesday? What did The Economist say Burma reacted to the disaster? What did the Economist note that China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness"? What did the Economist note that China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness"? Who praised the rescue effort as "swift and very efficient" in Beijing? What did Mainland Chinese television stations have their programmes suspended? What did Mainland Chinese television stations have their programmes suspended? What happened to all Mainland Chinese television stations? What was Myanmar's military junta's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis? What did the Chinese government see an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal? What was the Chinese government initially praised for? How many parents have accused local officials of cutting corners in school construction? What did parents of children in Sichuan complain they had yet to receive any reports? What did censors discourage stories of poorly built schools from being published in the media? What did the AP report that the state-controlled media ignored the issue? What did the AP say the state-controlled media ignored the issue? What did the AP report that the state-controlled media ignored the issue? What did Geoffery York say the shoddily constructed buildings are commonly called "tofu buildings"? What did Geoffery York say the shoddily constructed buildings are commonly called "tofu buildings"? What did Geoffery York say the supervising agencies did not check to see if it met the national standards? What did the Times say many parents were warned not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest? What did the Times say many parents were warned not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest? What did the Times say parents were warned not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest? According to the Times, many parents were warned not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest? What did the Times say many parents were warned not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the name of the five boroughs that were consolidated into a single city in 1898? How many boroughs were consolidated into a single city in 1898? How many languages are spoken in New York? How many languages are spoken in New York? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the name of the five boroughs that were consolidated into a single city in 1898? How many boroughs were consolidated into a single city in 1898? How many boroughs were consolidated into a single city in 1898? How many languages are spoken in New York? How many languages are spoken in New York? What traces its roots to New York City's founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic? What traces its roots to New York City's founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic? What was New York's largest city since 1790? What was the name of the capital of the United States in 1664? What was New York's largest city since 1790? What traces its roots to New York City's founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic? What is the name of the city that traces its roots to its founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic? What was the name of the capital of the United States in 1664? What was New York's largest city since 1790? What have many sources ranked New York the most photographed city in the world? What is one of the most extensive metro systems in the world? What is New York's real estate market among the most expensive in the world? What is New York City's higher education network? What is New York's real estate market among the most expensive in the world? What did the ice sheet help split apart? When was the ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil? When was the ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil? In the precolonial era, what was the area of New York City inhabited by various groups of Algonquian tribes of Native Americans? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area "Nouvelle Angoulême"? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area "Nouvelle Angoulême"? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area "Nouvelle Angoulême"? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call New Angoulême? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano claim the area for France? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area "Nouvelle Angoulême"? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area "Nouvelle Angoulême"? What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call New Angoulême? What was the name of the expedition led by Estêvo Gomes? What was the name of the expedition led by Estêvo Gomes? Who was the captain of the Spanish expedition? What was the name of the expedition led by Estêvo Gomes? What was the name of the expedition led by Estêvo Gomes? What was the name of the expedition led by Estêvo Gomes? What was the first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously? What did Henry Hudson do when he sailed the Halve Maen into New York Harbor? What did Henry Hudson do when he sailed the Halve Maen into New York Harbor? What was the name of the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay? What was the name of Nieuw-Nederland? What did Henry Hudson do when he sailed the North River into New York Harbor? What did Henry Hudson do when he sailed the Halve Maen into New York Harbor? What was the name of the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay? What did Henry Hudson do when he sailed the Halve Maen into New York Harbor? What is the name of Juan Rodriguez Way? Who was the first non-Native American inhabitant of New York City? Who was Juan Rodriguez born in Santo Domingo? What is the name of Juan Rodriguez Way? What is the name of Juan Rodriguez Way? Who was Juan Rodriguez born in Santo Domingo? Where is Juan Rodriguez Way named? What was New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States? What was the name of the colony of New Amsterdam? What was the name of the colony of New Amsterdam? What did Peter Minuit buy Manhattan from the Canarsie? What did Peter Minuit buy Manhattan from the Canarsie? What was New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States? What was the name of the colony of New Amsterdam? What did Peter Minuit buy Manhattan from the Canarsie? Who renamed New York after the Duke of York? Who renamed New York after the Duke of York? When did Peter Stuyvesant surrender New Amsterdam to the English? When did Peter Stuyvesant surrender New Amsterdam to the English? When did Peter Stuyvesant surrender New Amsterdam to the English? When did Peter Stuyvesant surrender New Amsterdam to the English? What did the Dutch return New York to England in 1674? What did the Dutch return New York to England in 1674? How did the Dutch return New York to England? What did the Dutch return New York to England in 1674? What did the Dutch return New York to England in 1674? What did the Dutch return New York to England in 1674? What did the Dutch return New York to England in 1674? What happened to the Lenape during the Second Anglo-Dutch War? When did the Lenape population decline to 200? What happened to the Lenape during the Second Anglo-Dutch War? When did the Lenape population decline to 200? What happened to the Lenape during the Second Anglo-Dutch War? How did New York become a center of slavery? How did New York become a center of slavery? What did the discovery of the African Burying Ground reveal that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years? What did the discovery of the African Burying Ground reveal that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years? How did New York become a center of slavery? What did the discovery of the African Burying Ground reveal that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years? What did the trial of John Peter Zenger help establish the freedom of the press in North America? What did the trial of John Peter Zenger help establish the freedom of the press in North America? What did the Stamp Act Congress meet in New York in October 1765? In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan? In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan? What did the trial of John Peter Zenger help establish the freedom of the press in North America? What did the Stamp Act Congress meet in New York in October 1765? What did the Stamp Act Congress meet in New York in October 1765? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? How many escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation? How did the British resettled other freedmen in England and the Caribbean? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? How did the British resettled other freedmen in England and the Caribbean? What was the only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war? What was the only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war? What was the cause of the Great Fire of New York? What was the cause of the Great Fire of New York? What was the cause of the Great Fire of New York? What was the only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war? What was the cause of the Great Fire of New York? What was New York's last capital under the Articles of Confederation? When was New York the largest city in the United States? When was New York the largest city in the United States? When was New York the largest city in the United States? What was the largest city in the United States by 1790? What was New York's last capital under the Articles of Confederation? What was New York's last capital under the Articles of Confederation? When was New York the largest city in the United States? When did New York surpass Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States? What was the name of the abolition act of 1799? What did the free-black population gradually develop in Manhattan? What did the New York Manumission Society work for abolition? What did New York's interracial abolitionist activism continue? What percentage of New York's black population reached more than 16,000 in 1840? What was the name of the abolition act of 1799? What did New York's interracial abolitionist activism continue? What was the name of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811? What was Tammany Hall's political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants? What was Tammany Hall's political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants? What was Tammany Hall's political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants? What was Tammany Hall's political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants? Who lobbied for the establishment of Central Park? Who lobbied for the establishment of Central Park? Who lobbied for the establishment of Central Park? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? How many Irish immigrants were living in New York by 1860? What caused the draft Riots of 1863? What caused the draft Riots of 1863? What caused the draft Riots of 1863? How many people were killed in the riots? How many black people were lynched over five days? What happened to the Colored Orphan Asylum? What did the opening of the subway help bind the new city together? What did the opening of the subway help bind the new city together? What did the opening of the subway help bind the new city together? What did the opening of the subway help bind the new city together? What was the cause of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What was the cause of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What was the cause of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What was the cause of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What was the cause of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What was the cause of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What was the largest urban African diaspora in North America? What did the Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourish during the era of Prohibition? What was the largest urban African diaspora in North America? What became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s? What was the first megacity in human history? What did Fiorello La Guardia become mayor of New York? What did Fiorello La Guardia become mayor of New York? What was the first megacity in human history? What was the name of the United Nations Headquarters completed in 1952? What was the name of the United Nations Headquarters completed in 1952? What was the name of the United Nations Headquarters completed in 1952? What was the name of the United Nations Headquarters completed in 1952? What is the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States? What is the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States? What is the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States? What is the name of the riots that are widely considered to be the single most important event in the United States? What is the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States? What is the name of the riots that are widely considered to be the single most important event in the United States? What year did New York's population reach all-time highs? What year did New York's population reach all-time highs? What did New York's population reach all-time highs in the 2000 Census? What did New York's crime rate continue to increase in the 1980s? What caused New York to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates? What caused New York to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates? What was the largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks? What was the largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks? What was the largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks? What was the name of the station that was destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attack? What is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere? What was the name of the station that was destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attack? What was the largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks? What was the largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks? What did the protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan begin? What did the protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan begin on September 17, 2011? What did the protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan begin on September 17, 2011? What did the protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan begin on September 17, 2011? What did the protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan begin? What was the name of The National Review? What was the name of The National Review? What was the name of the magazine that defended New York? What was the name of the magazine that was published in New York in 1955? What is the name of the city that is located in the Northeastern United States? What is the name of the city that is located in the Northeastern United States? What is the name of the city that is located in the Northeastern United States? What has helped New York grow in significance as a trading port? What has helped New York grow in significance as a trading port? What has helped New York grow in significance as a trading port? What has helped New York grow in significance as a trading port? What is New York City built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island? What is the name of the tidal strait that flows from Long Island Sound? What is the only fresh water river in the city? What is the only fresh water river in the city? What river flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay? Between New York City and Troy, New York, the Hudson River is an estuary? What is the name of the tidal strait that flows from Long Island Sound? What is the only fresh water river in the city? What is the only fresh water river in the city? What has been done by human intervention in Lower Manhattan? How much of the city's total area is water? What is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine? What is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine? What is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine? What is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine? How much of the city's total area is water? What is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine? What is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine? What is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine? What is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine? What is the most expensive new office tower in the world? What is the most expensive new office tower in the world? What is the most expensive new office tower in the world? What is the most expensive new office tower in the world? What is the most expensive new office tower in the world? What is the most expensive new office tower in the world? What is the Woolworth Building? What is the Woolworth Building? What is the Woolworth Building? What is the Woolworth Building built with massively scaled gothic detailing? What is the Woolworth Building? What is the Woolworth Building? What is the Woolworth Building? What style of buildings reflected the zoning requirements? What style of buildings reflected the zoning requirements? What is the Seagram Building considered one of the finest examples of the Art Deco style in the United States? What is the Condé Nast Building (2000) a prominent example of green design in American skyscrapers? What is a prominent example of green design in American skyscrapers? What is the Seagram Building considered one of the finest examples of the Art Deco style in the United States? What style of buildings reflected the zoning requirements? What style of buildings reflected the zoning requirements? What type of homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian? What is the name of Douglaston in Queens? What type of homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian? What character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements? What type of homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian? What character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements? What became the city's building materials of choice after the Great Fire of 1835? What became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas? What became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas? What became the city's building materials of choice after the Great Fire of 1835? What feature of many of the city's buildings is the wooden roof-mounted water towers? According to the United States Geological Survey, a lower hazard for tall buildings in New York City was less likely than previously thought of slow shaking near the city? What would be one of the ten most populous cities in the United States? What are the ten most populous cities in the United States? What would be one of the ten most populous cities in the United States? What is the climate classification of New York City? What is the USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone? What is the USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone? What is the transition zone between a humid subtropical (Cfa) and a humid continental climate? What type of climate classification does New York have? What is the climate classification of New York City? What is the USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone? What is the USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone? What is the daily mean temperature in January? What is the daily mean temperature in January? What type of conditions are often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon? What is often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon? What has the extreme temperatures ranged from 15 °F to 106 °F? What has the extreme temperatures ranged from 15 °F to 106 °F? What has the extreme temperatures ranged from 15 °F to 106 °F? What has the extreme temperatures ranged from 15 °F to 106 °F? What is the average winter snowfall in New York between 1981 and 2010? What is the average winter snowfall in New York between 1981 and 2010? What caused a destructive storm surge to New York City? What is the average winter snowfall in New York from 1981 to 2010? What caused a destructive storm surge to New York City? What is the average winter snowfall in New York between 1981 and 2010? What is the name of the complex park system in New York? What is the name of the complex park system in New York? What is the name of the complex park system in New York? What ranking ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of city area? What ranking ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of city area, spending of park services per resident? What ranking ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of city area? What is the name of the National Recreation Area in Queens? What is the name of the National Recreation Area in Queens? Along with Fort Wadsworth and Fort Tompkins, what is the name of the area that includes beaches, trails, and a marina? What is the name of the area that includes Fort Wadsworth? What is the name of the National Recreation Area in Queens? What is the name of the National Recreation Area in Queens? What is the name of the National Park Service that manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? What is the name of the National Register of Historic Places? What are Hundreds of private properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places? How are private properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places? What is the name of the National Park Service that manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? What is the name of the National Park Service that manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? What is the name of the National Park Service that manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? What are Hundreds of private properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places? What is the name of the National Register of Historic Places? How many state parks are within the confines of New York City? How many state parks are within the confines of New York City? How many state parks are within the confines of New York City? How many state parks are within the confines of New York City? How many state parks are within the confines of New York City? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? What is the largest municipal park in New York City? What is the headquarters of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers? What is the name of the headquarters of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers? What is the name of the headquarters of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers? What is the name of the headquarters of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers? What other formerly active military reservations are still used for National Guard and military training in New York City? What is the headquarters of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers? What is the name of the headquarters of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers? What is the name of the headquarters of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers? What other formerly active military reservations are still used for National Guard and military training in New York City? What is the most-populous city in the United States? How many people live in New York City between April 2010 and July 2014? What percentage of New York City's population is similar to any other U.S. city? What percentage of New York City's population is in New York City? What percentage of New York City's population is in New York City? What is the most-populous city in the United States? How many people live in New York City between April 2010 and July 2014? What percentage of New York City's population is in New York City? What makes Manhattan the highest of any county in the United States? What makes Manhattan the highest of any county in the United States? What makes Manhattan the highest of any county in the United States? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population in 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population in 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population in 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population in 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population in 2010? What was the first term for "melting pot" coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side? What was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side? What was the name of the largest immigrant group in the city? What percentage of the city's population was white in 1940? What was the name of the largest immigrant group in the city? What was the first term for "melting pot" coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side? What was the first term for "melting pot" coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side? What percentage of New York's population is foreign born? What are the ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in New York? What are the ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in New York? What are the ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in New York? What percentage of New York's population is foreign born? What is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world? What is the fastest growing nationality in New York State? How many Asian Americans live in Queens in 2012? What is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world? What was the largest Southeast Asian ethnic group in New York City? What is the largest European and non-Hispanic white population in New York City? What is the largest European and non-Hispanic white population in New York City? How many Greek and French Americans were in New York City? What is the largest non-Hispanic white population in New York City? What ethnicity is most concentrated in the Bronx? What is the largest European and non-Hispanic white population in New York City? What is the largest metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants in the United States? What is the largest Jewish as well as Israeli communities outside Israel? What is the largest Asian Indian population in the United States? What is the largest Asian Indian population in the United States? What is the largest Asian Indian population in the United States? What was the population of Puerto Rican immigrants in New York City? What countries were the top source countries for legal immigrants to New York City? What countries were the top source countries for legal immigrants to New York City? What countries were the top source countries for legal immigrants to New York City? What countries were the top source countries for legal immigrants to New York City? What was the legalization of Same-sex marriages in New York? What was the legalization of Same-sex marriages in New York? What was the legalization of Same-sex marriages in New York? What was the legalization of Same-sex marriages in New York? What was the legalization of Same-sex marriages in New York? What was the legalization of Same-sex marriages in New York? What was the most prevalent religion in New York City as of 2014? What was the most prevalent religion in New York City as of 2014? What was the most prevalent religion in New York City as of 2014? What religion ranks third in New York City? What ranks third in New York City? What was the most prevalent religion in New York City as of 2014? What religion ranks third in New York City? What religion ranks third in New York City? What percentage of New Yorkers self-identified with no organized religious affiliation? What ranks third in New York City? Which city has a high degree of income disparity? Which city has a high degree of income disparity? What city had the highest density of millionaires per capita in 2014? What city had the highest density of millionaires per capita in 2014? What was the average weekly wage in New York City in 2013? What was the highest weekly wage in the United States in 2013? Which city has a high degree of income disparity? What is New York a major center for banking and finance? What is New York's major center for banking and finance? What is New York's major economic engine? What is New York's major center for banking and finance? How many private sector jobs are in New York City? What did New York City top the FDi Magazine American Cities of the Future ranking for 2013? What is the largest market value in New York City? What is the highest-listed market value in New York City? What was the median housing price of 450 Park Avenue in New York City? What was the average price of 450 Park Avenue sold in 2007? What was the median housing price in New York City in 2014? What is the highest-listed market value in New York City? What was the median housing price of 450 Park Avenue in New York City? What is the name of the fashion industry that provides 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages? What does New York City's fashion industry provide about 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages? What does New York City's fashion industry provide about 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages? What is the name of the fashion industry that provides 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages? What does New York City's fashion industry provide about 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages? What is the name of the fashion industry that provides 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages? What is a US$5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents? What is a US$5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents? What is a US$5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? What were Entrepreneurs forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn as of 2014? What were Entrepreneurs forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn as of 2014? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? What were Entrepreneurs forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn as of 2014? What is the largest segment of the city's financial sector? What is the largest segment of the city's financial sector? What is the largest segment of the city's financial sector? What is the largest segment of the city's financial sector? What is the largest segment of the city's financial sector? What is the largest segment of the city's financial sector? What is the third largest central business district in the United States? What is the third largest central business district in the United States? What did Wall Street's securities industry generate 19% of New York State's tax revenue? What is the largest global center for trading in public equity and debt capital markets? What is the largest global center for trading in public equity and debt capital markets? What is the third largest central business district in the United States? What is the third largest central business district in the United States? What is the largest office market in the world? What is the largest office market in the United States? What is the largest office market in the United States? What is the name of Silicon Alley? What was the final stage of a fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade in New York City? What was the final stage of a fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade in New York City? How many employees were in the tech sector in New York City in 2014? How many employees were in the tech sector in New York City in 2014? What was the goal of Accelerator to transform New York City into the world's premier technology capital? What was the goal of Accelerator to transform New York City into the world's premier technology capital? What was the goal of Accelerator to transform New York City into the world's premier technology capital? What was Accelerator's goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital? What was Accelerator's goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital? What was the goal of Accelerator to transform New York City into the world's premier technology capital? What industry generated an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014? What industry generated an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014? What industry generated an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014? What was the overall economic impact of tourism in New York City in 2014? What industry generated an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014? What industry generated an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014? What is the name of the song that is used to promote tourism in New York City? What is the name of the song that is used to promote tourism in New York City? What is the state song of New York? What is the name of the song that is used to promote tourism in New York City? What is the name of the song that is used to promote tourism in New York City? What is the name of the song that is used to promote tourism in New York City? What major tourist destination is Flushing Meadows-Corona Park? What major tourist destination is Flushing Meadows-Corona Park? What major tourist destination is Flushing Meadows-Corona Park? What major tourist destination is Flushing Meadows-Corona Park? What major attractions in the boroughs outside Manhattan include Flushing Meadows-Corona Park and the Unisphere in Queens? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York? What did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion? What did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion? What did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York? What did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion? What did the Anbang Insurance Group purchase the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$ 1.95 billion? What is the name of the Association of Independent Commercial Producers? What is the name of the Association of Independent Commercial Producers? What is the name of the Association of Independent Commercial Producers? How did New York surpass Los Angeles in 2013/2014? What two of the top three record labels' headquarters are in New York? What is the largest media market in North America? How many of the world's top eight global advertising agencies have their headquarters in New York? How many newspapers and consumer magazines have an office in New York? What is the name of the major tabloid newspapers in New York? What is the name of the major tabloid newspapers in New York? What is the name of the major tabloid newspapers in New York? What is the name of the major tabloid newspapers in New York? How many newspapers and consumer magazines have an office in New York? How many newspapers and consumer magazines have an office in New York? How many newspapers have an office in New York? What is the name of the major tabloid newspapers in New York? What is the name of the major tabloid newspapers in New York? What are the three major American broadcast networks headquartered in New York? What is the name of the public broadcast service that has produced several Emmy Award-winning shows? What is the name of the public broadcast service that has produced several Emmy Award-winning shows? What is the name of the public broadcast service that has produced several Emmy Award-winning shows? What is the oldest public-access television channel in the United States? What is the oldest public-access television channel in the United States? What is the largest public radio audience in the United States? What is the largest public radio audience in the United States? What is the largest public radio audience in the United States? What is the oldest public-access television channel in the United States? What is the oldest public-access television channel in the United States? What is the largest public radio audience in the United States? What is the largest public school system in the United States? What is the largest public school system in the United States? What is the largest public school system in the United States? What is the name of the public school system in New York City? What is the largest public school system in the United States? What is the name of the public school system in New York City? How does the New York City Charter School Center assist the establishment of new charter schools? How many private and religious schools are in New York City? How many students are enrolled in New York City's 120 higher education institutions? What is the name of the private universities in New York City? What is the name of the private universities in New York City? What is one of the largest universities in the nation? How many students are enrolled in New York City's 120 higher education institutions? What is the nation's second largest public library system? What is the nation's second largest public library system? What is the nation's second largest public library system? What is the nation's second largest public library system? What is the nation's second largest public library system? What is the name of the company that operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City? What is the name of the largest provider of government-sponsored health insurance? What is the name of the public benefit corporation in New York City? What is the name of the public benefit corporation in New York City? What is the name of the public benefit corporation in New York City? What was the name of the public benefit corporation created in 1969? What is the name of the largest provider of government-sponsored health insurance? What is the most well-known hospital in the HHC system? What is Ramanathan Raju's name? What is the most well-known hospital in the HHC system? What is the most well-known hospital in the HHC system? What is Ramanathan Raju's name? What is Ramanathan Raju's name? What is Ramanathan Raju's name? Who is the largest police force in the United States? Who is often referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars? Who is the largest police force in the United States? Who is the largest police force in the United States? Who is often referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars? How many homicides did New York experience in 2014? What percentage of New York City's crime rate decreased from 1993 to 2005? In 2005, New York City's crime rate was at its lowest level since 1966? What was the lowest crime rate in New York City in 2005? How many homicides did New York experience in 2014? How many homicides did New York experience in 2014? What has been associated with New York City since the 1820s? In what century did the Mafia rise in New York City? What has been associated with New York City since the 1820s? In what century did the Mafia rise? What is the largest municipal fire department in the United States? What is the largest municipal fire department in the United States? What is the motto of the FDNY? What is the largest municipal fire department in the United States? What is the largest municipal fire department in the United States? What is the motto of the FDNY? What is the motto of the FDNY? What is the motto of the FDNY? What is one of the largest subway systems in the world? What is one of the largest subway systems in the world? What is the location of the FDNY headquarters? What is the location of the FDNY headquarters? What is the location of the FDNY headquarters? What is the location of the FDNY headquarters? What is the location of the FDNY headquarters? What is the location of the FDNY headquarters? What office is located at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn? What was New York's punk and hardcore scene influential in the 1970s and 1980s? What was the name of the center of jazz in the 1940s? What major American cultural movements began in New York in the 1940s? What was New York's punk and hardcore scene influential in the 1970s and 1980s? What was New York's punk and hardcore scene influential in the 1970s and 1980s? What was New York's punk and hardcore scene influential in the 1970s and 1980s? What is New York considered the dance capital of the world? What is one of the world's preeminent fashion events? What has been considered the dance capital of the world? What is one of the world's preeminent fashion events? What is the top fashion capital of the world on the annual list of New York Fashion Week? What did the advent of electric lighting lead to elaborate theater productions? What city has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations? What did the advent of electric lighting lead to elaborate theater productions? What did Harrigan and Hart use song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition? What city has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations? What did the advent of electric lighting lead to elaborate theater productions? What was the increase in attendance in 2013-2014? How many theaters in the city sold tickets in 2013-2014? What was the increase in attendance in 2013-2014? What was the increase in attendance in 2013-2014? What was the increase in attendance in 2013-2014? What was the increase in attendance in 2013-2014? What does the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assign letter grades to the city's 24,000 restaurants? How many mobile food vendors are in New York City? What does the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assign letter grades to the city's 24,000 restaurants? What does the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assign letter grades to the city's 24,000 restaurants? What is the name of the most diverse haute cuisine restaurants in the world? What predates all professional leagues? Which of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide is located in the New York metropolitan area? What is one of the most famous sporting venues in the world? What predates all professional leagues? What is the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer? What is the name of the five professional leagues in New York City? What is the name of the four most expensive stadiums ever built in New York City? What city has been described as the "Capital of Baseball"? How many Major League Baseball World Series teams have in New York City? What city has been described as the "Capital of Baseball"? What is one of only five metro areas to have two baseball teams? How many Major League Baseball World Series teams have in New York City? How many Major League Baseball World Series teams have in New York City? What is one of only five metro areas to have two baseball teams? How many times have New York City teams played in a Subway Series? How many times have New York City teams played in a Subway Series? What is the name of the National Football League? What is the name of the National Football League? What is the name of the National Football League? What is the name of the National Football League? Who is represented in the National Football League by the New York Giants and the New York Jets? What is the name of the National Football League? What is the name of the National Football League? What are the New Jersey Devils? What do the New Jersey Devils play in? What is the name of the New Jersey Devils? What are the New Jersey Devils? What are the New Jersey Devils? What is the name of the first national college-level basketball championship held in New York? What is the name of the first national college-level basketball championship held in New York? What is the name of the first national college-level basketball championship held in New York? What is the name of the first national college-level basketball championship held in New York? What is the name of the first national college-level basketball championship held in New York? What is the name of the first national college-level basketball championship held in New York? What is the name of the first national college-level basketball championship held in New York? What is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments? What is the Wanamaker Mile? What is the city's host of the Belmont Stakes? What is the name of the city that hosted the 1932 U.S. Open golf tournament and the 1930 and 1939 PGA Championships? What is a prominent part of the city's sporting scene? What is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments? What is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments? What is the Wanamaker Mile? What is the Wanamaker Mile? What is a prominent part of the city's sporting scene? What was a street version of baseball popularized by youths in the 1930s? What was a street version of baseball popularized by youths in the 1930's? What was a street version of baseball popularized by youths in the 1930's? What is the largest rapid transit system in the world? What is the largest rapid transit system in the world? What is the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere? What is the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere? What is the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere? What is the longest commute time in the US? How much of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005? What is the only US city in which a majority of people do not have a car? How much of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005? What is the longest commute time in New York City? What is the longest commute time in the US? What is the only US city in which a majority of people do not have a car? What is the only US city in which a majority of people do not have a car? What is the largest public bus fleet in North America? What is the largest public bus fleet in North America? What is the largest public bus fleet in North America? What is the largest public bus fleet in North America? What were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers in 2012? What were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers in 2012? What were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers in 2012? What plan was announced in July 2015 to completely rebuild LaGuardia Airport? What were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers in 2012? What is the world's busiest ferry route? What is the world's busiest ferry route? What is the world's busiest ferry route? What is the world's busiest ferry route? What is the world's busiest ferry route? What is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas? What is the longest suspension bridge in the world? What is the name of the bridge that is an icon of the city itself? What was the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903? What is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas? What is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas? What is the longest suspension bridge in the world? What was the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903? What was the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903? What is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world? What was the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel? Who was the first person to drive through the Holland Tunnel? Who was the first person to drive through the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel? What is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world? What is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world? What is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world? What was the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel? Who was the first person to drive through the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel? What is the most energy-efficient major city in the United States? What is the most energy-efficient major city in the United States? What is the most walkable large city in the United States? Who sponsored the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's bike-share project? What did Quinnipiac University say a majority of New Yorkers support the bike-share project? What did Citibank sponsor the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's bike-share project? What is the name of the watershed in the Catskill Mountains? What is the name of the watershed in the Catskill Mountains? What is the largest capital construction project in the city's history? What is the largest capital construction project in the city's history? What is the largest capital construction project in the city's history? What is the largest capital construction project in the city's history? What is the name of the unicameral body for the mayor and council members? How many consecutive term limits does the City Council have? Who is the unicameral body of 51 council members? What is the name of the unicameral body for the mayor and council members? How many consecutive term limits does the City Council have? What are the codes of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal? Who is the unicameral body of 51 council members? How many registered voters in New York City are Democrats? What has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election? In 2012, what was the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80% of the overall vote in New York City? What has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election? What has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election? Who holds the majority of public offices in New York City? How many registered voters in New York City are Democrats? What has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election? What has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election? Who did Barack Obama become the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80% of the overall vote in New York City? What city has the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States? What is the name of the major biomedical research institutions in New York City? What city has the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States? What percentage of all general hospital discharges are treated by HHC? What percentage of all general hospital discharges are treated by HHC? What percentage of all general hospital discharges are treated by HHC? What percentage of all general hospital discharges are treated by HHC? What percentage of all general hospital discharges are treated by HHC? What is a strong correlation between the number of murders and the increasingly wetter climate in New York City? What do some cite the end of the crack epidemic and demographic changes? What did Tom Wolfe say New York is in the air like part of the weather? What is the name of a book containing essays titled New York? What has been described as the cultural capital of the world by the diplomatic consulates of Iceland and Latvia? What has been described as the cultural capital of the world by the diplomatic consulates of Iceland and Latvia? Where is the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute located? Where is the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute located? What is the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in Union Square? What is the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in Union Square? What is the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in Union Square? What is the name of the section of Fifth Avenue? What is the name of the section of Fifth Avenue? How long is the Museum for African Art? What is the name of the tenth museum in New York City? What is the name of the section of Fifth Avenue? What dialect has been considered one of the most recognizable accents within American English? What character was a notable example of having used this pattern of speech? What character was a notable example of having used this pattern of speech? What is the pronunciation of New Yawk? What is the name of the team that plays their home games at Yankee Stadium? What is the name of the team that plays their home games at Yankee Stadium? What is the name of the New York Red Bulls' home games at Red Bull Arena? What is the name of the New York Cosmos? What is the name of the new version of the New York Cosmos? What is one in every three users of mass transit in New York City? How do the combined systems connect New York City to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road? How do the combined systems connect New York City to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road? What does the elevated AirTrain people mover system connect New York City to? How do the combined systems connect New York City to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road? What does Amtrak provide connections to Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C.? What does the PATH train operate 24 hours a day? What does the PATH train operate 24 hours a day? What does the PATH train operate 24 hours a day? How does the PATH train connect Midtown and Lower Manhattan to northeastern New Jersey? How many heavy-rail transit projects are currently under construction in New York City? How many yellow taxicabs are available in Manhattan? How many yellow taxicabs are available in Manhattan? What is one of the metonyms of New York's streets and avenues? What is one of the metonyms of New York's streets and avenues? What is one of the metonyms of New York's streets and avenues? What is one of the metonyms of New York's streets and avenues? What type of traffic jams are frequent in New York City? What is the name of the web of expressways and parkways that connect the boroughs to each other? What is the name of the web of expressways and parkways that connect the boroughs to each other? What is one of the world's largest natural harbors? What is one of the world's largest natural harbors? What is one of the world's largest natural harbors? What are some examples of Structural Expressionism? What is one example of Structural Expressionism? How many hybrid taxis were in service in New York City in 2010? How many hybrid taxis were in service in New York City in 2010? Who has committed to an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions between 2014 and 2050? What is the name of the city's leader in the construction of energy-efficient green office buildings? Who was a petitioner in the Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency Supreme Court case? What was Newtown Creek designated a Superfund site for environmental clean-up and remediation of the waterway's recreational and economic resources? What was Newtown Creek considered to be one of the most contaminated industrial sites in the country? What was Newtown Creek considered to be one of the most contaminated industrial sites in the country? What city is more centralized than most other U.S. cities? What city is more centralized than most other U.S. cities? Which borough hosts the First Department of the Supreme Court? Which borough hosts the First Department of the Supreme Court? What is the name of the extrajudicial administrative courts that are not part of the state Unified Court System? Where is the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? What is the main branch of the District Court for the Southern District of New York? Where is the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? What is the main branch of the District Court for the Southern District of New York? Where is the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? What is the most important source of political fundraising in the United States? Which ZIP code generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry? What does New York receive for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes? What does New York send an additional $11 billion more each year to the state of New York than it receives back? What does New York receive for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes? What is the name of the Sister City Program of the City of New York? What is the name of the Sister City Program of the City of New York? What novel was published in 1960? What was the success of To Kill a Mockingbird? What novel was published in 1960? What novel was published in 1960? What novel was published in 1960? What is the story of To Kill a Mockingbird? How is To Kill a Mockingbird widely taught in schools in the United States? What are the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird? What are the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird? What have Scholars noted that Lee addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South? What has Lee been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms? Who ranked To Kill a Mockingbird as one "every adult should read before they die?" What was Horton Foote's play based on To Kill a Mockingbird? What was the name of the film based on To Kill a Mockingbird? What is the name of the play based on To Kill a Mockingbird? What was the name of the film based on To Kill a Mockingbird? What was Horton Foote's play based on To Kill a Mockingbird? What was the name of the film based on To Kill a Mockingbird? What was the name of the film based on To Kill a Mockingbird? What is the name of the play based on To Kill a Mockingbird? What did Lee continue to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016? What was Lee's only published book until her death in February 2016? What was Lee's only published book until her death in February 2016? What was Lee's only published book until her death in February 2016? What did Lee continue to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016? What was Harper Lee's name? When did Harper Lee move to New York City? What did Lee write about people in Monroeville? Who was Harper Lee born in 1926? Who was Harper Lee born in 1926? What was Harper Lee's name? When did Harper Lee attend Huntingdon College? When did Harper Lee attend Huntingdon College? Who recommended Lee to quit the airline and concentrate on writing? What was the name of Tay Hohoff's novel? What was the name of Tay Hohoff's novel? What was the name of Tay Hohoff's novel? Who was Lee's father? What did Lee's father die two years after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird? What did Lee's father die two years after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird? What was the name of the book that Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? What did Reader's Digest Condensed Books choose for reprinting in part? What story focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch? What story focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch? What do Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place? Who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer? What story focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch? What story focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch? What is the name of the story of the Great Depression? Who appoints Atticus to defend Tom Robinson? Who appoints Atticus to defend Tom Robinson? What danger is averted when Scout, Jem, and Dill shame the mob into dispersing? Who doesn't want Jem and Scout to be present at Tom Robinson's trial? Who does Atticus establish that the accusers are lying? What does Atticus establish that the accusers are lying? What does Jem's faith in justice become badly shaken? What does Bob Ewell attack Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the Halloween pageant? What does Bob Ewell attack Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the Halloween pageant? What is the name of the mysterious man who carries Jem home? What does Bob Ewell vow revenge? What is the name of the mysterious man who carries Jem home? Who discovers that Bob Ewell has died during the fight? Who asks Scout to walk Ewell home? Who said To Kill a Mockingbird is not an autobiography? Who was Amasa Coleman Lee's father? Who was Lee's mother prone to a nervous condition that rendered her mentally and emotionally absent? What was Lee's father's role in the Monroeville newspaper? What did Capote have an impressive imagination and gift for fascinating stories? When did Capote and Lee travel to Kansas to investigate the multiple murders that were the basis for Capote's novel In Cold Blood? When did Capote and Lee travel to Kansas to investigate the multiple murders that were the basis for Capote's nonfiction novel? Who modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend? What did Lee and Capote make up and acted out stories they wrote on an old Underwood typewriter? What did Lee and Capote make up and acted out stories they wrote on an old Underwood typewriter? What did a white woman accuse a black man of raping her? What did a white woman accuse a black man of raping her? What was Emmett Till's death credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement? What was Emmett Till's death credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement? What was Emmett Till's death credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement? What was Emmett Till's death credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement? What does Tavernier-Courbin believe Lee is doing? What does the scholar Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin say Lee uses parody, satire, and irony effectively? What does Calpurnia do when Atticus is out of town? What causes the audience to laugh uproariously? What does Jem prefer to go home in her ham costume? What does Jem prefer to go home in her ham costume? Who characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and coming-of-age novel? Who characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and coming-of-age novel? What does Scout revere Atticus as an authority over others? What did Jem always think were the best folks in the world? What makes Jem struggle with understanding the separations of race and class? Who believes that To Kill a Mockingbird was shaped by two events involving racial issues in Alabama? What did Claudia Durst Johnson consider To Kill a Mockingbird a novel primarily concerned with race relations? Who was the victim of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird? What does Chura believe Tom Robinson was a model for? Who was the victim of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird? Who convicted Tom Robinson of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird? What does Chura believe Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson? Who argues that Atticus must shoot a rabid dog? Who argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb? What does Atticus respect Calpurnia's judgment? Who satirizes women with whom she does not wish to identify? What does Atticus respect Calpurnia's judgment? What was Lee's aspiration to be? What did both Austen and Lee challenge the social status quo? Who argue that Lee's approach to class and race was more complex than ascribing racial prejudice primarily to 'poor white trash'? Who demonstrates how issues of gender and class intensify prejudice? What do the children internalize Atticus' admonition not to judge someone until they have walked around in that person's skin? What is Mrs. Dubose determined to break herself of? Who is the moral center of the novel? What is Scout's impulsive inclination to fight students who insult Atticus? Who wrote the only book-length biography of Harper Lee? Who wrote the only book-length biography of Harper Lee? Who wrote the only book-length biography of Harper Lee? What did Mayella Ewell think about atticus' testimony? What does Lee say Scout is becoming a feminist in the South? What does Lee say Scout is becoming a feminist in the South? What does Mrs. Dubose chastises Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole? What is Scout becoming in the South? What is the name of the fathers described as abusers? What is the name of the fathers described as abusers? Who is exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife? What quote by Charles Lamb reads: " Lawyers, I suppose, were children once"? What does Johnson say Scout refuses to wear frilly clothes? What is Lee's mother's maiden name? What is Lee's mother's maiden name? What theme does Atticus warn them that they must remember that "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird"? What theme does Atticus warn them that they must remember that "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird"? What theme does Atticus warn them that they must remember that "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird"? Who wrote 'To kill a mockingbird'? What did Lee's book go through numerous subsequent printings? What did Lee's book go through numerous subsequent printings? How long after To Kill a Mockingbird was translated into ten languages? How long has To Kill a Mockingbird been translated into more than 40 languages? How long has To Kill a Mockingbird been translated into more than 40 languages? How long has To Kill a Mockingbird been translated into more than 40 languages? How long has To Kill a Mockingbird been translated into more than 40 languages? Who interviewed Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Alice Lee? Who interviewed Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Alice Lee? Who interviewed Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Alice Lee? Who cites Atticus Finch as the reason he became a lawyer? What is Atticus Finch's model of integrity for the legal profession? What was the name of the first commemorative milestone in Alabama's judicial history? What was the name of the monument to Atticus? What did Lee receive an honorary special membership to the Alabama State Bar? What has been a source of controversy since its being subject of classroom study as early as 1963? What was the number 21 of the most frequently challenged books of 2000-2009? What has been a source of controversy since its being subject of classroom study as early as 1963? What was the number 21 of the most frequently challenged books of 2000-2009? What was one of the first incidents of the book being challenged in 1966? What was one of the first incidents of the book being challenged in 1966? What was the name of Johnson's letter to local newspapers about the use of rape as a plot device? Who placed the book second on a list of books receiving the most complaints from private organizations? What is a factor in the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960s? Which Alabama author compares Uncle Tom's Cabin to the impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin? Which Alabama author compares Uncle Tom's Cabin to the impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin? In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book? What was the name of Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote? What did Lee's older sister respond to the rumor of Capote's authorship? What was the name of Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote? What did Lee's older sister respond to the rumor of Capote's authorship? What was the name of the Pulitzer Prize for To Kill a Mockingbird? What was the name of the Pulitzer Prize for To Kill a Mockingbird? What was the name of the Pulitzer Prize for To Kill a Mockingbird? When did Lee refuse to talk with reporters about the book? When was To Kill a Mockingbird awarded the Pulitzer Prize? When did Lee refuse to talk with reporters about the book? When was Lee inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor? What was the name of David Kipen of the National Endowment of the Arts? What did Lee declare that there is no greater honor in the One City, One Book program? What did Lee declare that there is no greater honor in the One City, One Book program? What was the name of David Kipen of the National Endowment of the Arts? When was Lee awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame? What did the students and audience give Lee a standing ovation during the ceremony? What was the name of the honorary doctorate for To Kill a Mockingbird? When was Lee awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame? What did the students and audience give Lee a standing ovation during the ceremony? What was Alan J. Pakula's name? What was Alan J. Pakula's name? What was Alan J. Pakula's name? What was Lee's father's death before the film's release? What was the name of Peck's grandson? What was Lee's father's death before the film's release? What was the name of Peck's grandson? What was the name of the book that Lee made an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library? What was the name of the book that Lee made an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library? What is the name of the play adapted by Christopher Sergel? What was the name of the play adapted by Christopher Sergel? What was the name of the play adapted by Christopher Sergel? What type of audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury? What did Albert Murray say of the relationship between the town and the novel? What was Sergel's first London appearance in 22 years? What was Sergel's first London appearance in 22 years? What was Sergel's first London appearance in 22 years? What was the name of the draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? What is the name of the draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? What was the name of the draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? What is the name of the book that contains early versions of To Kill a Mockingbird? What was the name of the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? What is the name of the draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? What was the name of the draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? Who is Atticus Finch's father? What is the name of Atticus Finch's father? What is the strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers? What does Lee combine the narrator's voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman's reflecting on her childhood? What did Harper Lee give some insight into her themes when she wrote a rare letter to the editor? What was the first part of the book about the children's fascination with Boo Radley? What was Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior in the book? What is reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson? What seems to drive the plot more than the characters? Who is the chief example among several innocents destroyed? What do the last pages of the book illustrate as Scout relates the moral of a story Atticus has been reading to her? What is the name of the character who was misunderstood? What does R. A. Dave claim that every character has to face, or even suffer defeat? What newspaper noted the even-handed approach to the narration of the novel's events? What did Flannery O'Connor think for a child's book it does all right? What did Flannery O'Connor think for a child's book it does all right? Who compared Lee to William Faulkner? What is Rosemary Goring's book's central theme? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? What does Akin Ajayi say the book forces readers to question issues about race, class, and society? What does Scout's narration serve as a convenient mechanism for readers to be innocent and detached from the racial conflict? What did a Canadian language arts consultant find that the novel resonated well with white students? What did Michael Lind say the novel indulges in classist stereotyping and demonization of poor rural "white trash"? Who says To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists? What does McWhorter say that a white person from the South should write a book like To Kill a Mockingbird? What did a National Geographic article say that the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture? What did local residents call them "Mockingbird groupies"? What is the name of solar energy? What is the name of solar energy? What is the name of solar energy? What is the name of solar energy? How much is reflected back to space? What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back to space? What type of people live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day? How much is reflected back to space? What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back to space? What type of people live in areas with insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day? How much is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses? What is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere? What is the average temperature of the surface of the Earth? What does green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy? What is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere? What causes atmospheric circulation or convection? What does the latent heat of water condensation amplify convection? What does the latent heat of water condensation amplify convection? What does green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy? What is the total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses? In 2002, what was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year? How much energy does Photosynthesis capture in biomass? In 2002, what was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year? What is the total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses? How much energy does Photosynthesis capture in biomass? What is the amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet? What does solar energy refer to the use of solar radiation for practical purposes? What type of technologies are generally characterized as passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight? What type of technologies are generally characterized as passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight? What does solar energy refer to the use of solar radiation for practical purposes? What does solar energy come from? What type of techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, and pumps to convert sunlight into useful outputs? Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies? What type of techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, and pumps to convert sunlight into useful outputs? Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies? What are passive solar technologies considered supply side technologies? What are passive solar technologies considered supply side technologies? What was the purpose of the Sun Power Company? What was the purpose of the Sun Power Company? What did Shuman use to patent the entire solar engine system by 1912? What did Frank Shuman build in 1897? What did Frank Shuman build in 1897? What was Shuman's idea of building larger solar power plants? What was the purpose of the Sun Power Company? What did Shuman use to patent the entire solar engine system by 1912? Who built the world's first solar thermal power station? What did Shuman use parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts engine? What was Shuman's vision resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar energy? Who built the world's first solar thermal power station? What did Shuman use parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts engine? What did Shuman use parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts engine? What was Shuman's vision resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar energy? What was Shuman's vision resurrected in the 1970s with a new wave of interest in solar energy? What are the most common types of solar water heaters? What type of system uses sunlight to heat water? What are the most common types of solar water heaters? What are the most common types of solar water heaters? What are the most common types of solar water heaters? What is China the world leader in their deployment of solar hot water systems? Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems? What is China the world leader in their deployment of solar hot water systems? Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems? Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems? What is the dominant application of solar hot water? What can be used to offset a portion of the energy used in commercial buildings? What can be used to offset a portion of the energy used in commercial buildings? What can be used to offset a portion of the energy used in commercial buildings? What can be used to offset a portion of the energy used in commercial buildings? What type of material can be used to store heat? What type of material can be used to store heat? What types of materials have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool? What type of material can be used in cold temperate areas to maintain warmth? What type of material can be used in cold temperate areas to maintain warmth? When properly incorporated, thermal mass maintains space temperatures in a comfortable range and reduces the need for auxiliary heating and cooling equipment? What is a passive solar ventilation system? What is a passive solar ventilation system? What is a passive solar ventilation system? What can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses? What is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the loss of winter heating? What has been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling? Why should deciduous trees not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building? What can deciduous trees be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain? What can deciduous trees be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain? What is the simplest solar cooker? What type of cookers do solar cookers need to be repositioned to track the Sun? What can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers? What can be grouped into three categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers? What is the simplest solar cooker? What can be used effectively with partially overcast skies? What type of cookers do solar cookers need to be repositioned to track the Sun? What was the first commercial system in Shenandoah? What is a more cost-effective alternative to glazed collectors? What type of technology can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications? What was the first commercial system in Shenandoah? What is one of the oldest applications of solar energy? What type of equipment is used to dry clothes? What is a more cost-effective alternative to glazed collectors? What was the name of the large-scale solar distillation project? What can be used to make saline or brackish water potable? What was the first recorded instance of solar distillation? What was the name of the large-scale solar distillation project? What type of stills are most economical for decentralized domestic purposes? What type of stills can operate in passive, active, or hybrid modes? What is SODIS recommended as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage? What is SODIS recommended as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage? What is SODIS recommended as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage? How many people in developing countries use solar water disinfection? What is the environmental advantage of solar energy in a water stabilisation pond? What can be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity? What is the environmental advantage of solar energy in a water stabilisation pond? What is expected to become the world's largest source of electricity by 2050? What is expected to become the world's largest source of electricity by 2050? What is the largest solar power plant in the world? What percentage of the world's grid electricity was generated by solar in 2013? What is the largest solar power plant in the world since 1985? What is the largest solar power plant in the world? What are the world's largest photovoltaic plants? What was the name of the first solar cell? What did Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin create in 1954? What is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect? What is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect? What was the name of the first solar cell? In 1931, a German engineer developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide? What did Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin think of the discovery of a crystalline silicon solar cell? How is a working fluid heated by the concentrated sunlight? What type of systems use lenses or mirrors to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What is used as a heat source for a conventional power plant? What are some techniques used to track the Sun and focus light? How is a working fluid heated by the concentrated sunlight? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What are the common features of passive solar architecture? What is Socrates' Megaron House a classic example of passive solar design? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What type of equipment can complement passive solar design? What are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding environment? What is a simple method of counteracting the UHI effect? What are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding environment? What is a simple method of counteracting the UHI effect? What is a simple method of counteracting the UHI effect? What did French and English farmers use fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy? What technology has been embraced by vinters? What are some techniques that can improve crop yields? How can timed planting cycles and staggered heights improve crop yields? What did French and English farmers use fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy? What were fruit walls built perpendicular to the ground and facing south? What were the first greenhouses built in Europe in the 16th century? What is an important part of horticulture today? What type of greenhouses were first used during Roman times to produce cucumbers year-round for Tiberius? What type of greenhouses were first used during Roman times to produce cucumbers year-round for Tiberius? What were the first greenhouses built in Europe in the 16th century? What is an important part of horticulture today? What is the name of the biannual solar-powered car race? What are comparable competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles? What is the name of the biannual solar-powered car race? What are comparable competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles? What are comparable competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles? What is the difference between the North American Solar Challenge and South African Solar Challenge? What competitions reflect an international interest in the development of solar powered vehicles? When was the first practical solar boat constructed in England? When was the first practical solar boat constructed in England? What were plans to circumnavigate the globe in 2010? What were plans to circumnavigate the globe in 2010? When did the Gossamer Penguin make the first solar flight? What is a single-seat plane powered by solar cells? What was the name of the first solar flight? When did the Gossamer Penguin make the first solar flight? What was the name of the first solar flight in 1990? In 1990, Eric Scott Raymond flew from California to North Carolina using solar power? What does Solar Impulse allow the aircraft to remain airborne for 36 hours? What is a challenge for the multielectron catalytic chemistry involved in making carbon-based fuels? What type of processes can convert solar energy into storable and transportable fuels? What can a variety of fuels be produced by artificial photosynthesis? What does the Solzinc process use to decompose zinc oxide at temperatures above 1,200 °C? What is the first reaction to zinc oxide? What has been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s? What type of route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures? What does the Solzinc process use to decompose zinc oxide at temperatures above 1,200 °C? What type of systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures? What type of systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures? What type of systems use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities? What can well-designed systems lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements? What is another thermal storage media? What was the first use of a Glauber's salt heating system? What is another thermal storage media? What is the cost of phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt? What was the name of the first use of a Glauber's salt heating system? What is an effective storage medium? What method of energy storage was used by The Solar Two? What type of system uses rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity? What type of system uses rechargeable batteries to store excess electricity? What is handled by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes? What is handled by 'rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes? What do most standard meters measure in both directions? What happens to pumped-storage hydroelectricity when demand is high? What happens when water is released from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one? What happens to pumped-storage hydroelectricity when demand is high? What did the 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis cause a reorganization of energy policies around the world? What did the 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis cause a reorganization of energy policies around the world? What was the focus of the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US? What was the focus of the formation of research facilities in the US? What were the research facilities in the US and Germany? What did the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE do? What did commercial solar water heaters see increasing use in the United States in the 1890s? What is the most widely deployed solar technology? What did commercial solar water heaters begin appearing in the United States in the 1890s? What did the development in the solar water heating sector progress in the 1990s? What is the most widely deployed solar technology? What is the most widely deployed solar technology with an estimated capacity of 154 GW? What has the International Energy Agency said that solar energy can contribute to solving some of the most urgent problems the world faces? What has the International Energy Agency said that solar energy can contribute to solving some of the most urgent problems the world faces? What is ISO 9050 relating to glass in building? What is ISO 9050 relating to glass in building? What is ISO 9050 relating to glass in building? What is ISO 9050 relating to glass in building? What is an important source of renewable energy? What type of techniques include orienting a building to the Sun? What type of techniques do passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun? What was the total world energy consumption in 2012? What was the annual potential of solar energy in the 2000 World Energy Assessment? What was the estimated potential of solar energy in the 2000 World Energy Assessment? What was the annual potential of solar energy in the 2000 World Energy Assessment? What will increase countries' energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource? What will increase countries' energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource? Why should the additional costs of incentives for early deployment be considered learning investments? What will increase countries' energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource? What does the potential solar energy that could be used by humans differ from the amount of solar energy present near the surface of the planet? What effect of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are closer to the equator? What does time variation affect the potential of solar energy in areas that are closer to the equator? What limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day? What can cloud cover effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells? What has been found to be a suitable place for solar cells? What has been found to be a suitable place for solar cells? What did the United Nations Development Programme publish an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year? What is the global potential of solar energy? What is the conversion of sunlight into electricity? What is the conversion of sunlight into electricity? What type of systems use lenses or mirrors to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What type of systems use lenses or mirrors to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect? What has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history? What did the Greeks and Chinese use to orient their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth? What did the Greeks and Chinese use to orient their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth? What is a black balloon filled with ordinary air? What is a black balloon filled with ordinary air? What type of balloons are large enough for human flight? What is the surface-area to payload-weight ratio of a solar balloon? What caused the development of solar technologies to stagnate in the early 20th century? What did the development of solar technologies stagnate in the early 20th century? What did the International Energy Agency report that solar energy technologies could provide a third of the world's energy by 2060? What is the strength of solar? What has Tajikistan been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties? What is the name of the area that now constitutes Tajikistan? What is the name of the area that now constitutes Tajikistan? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? What is the name of the area that now constitutes Tajikistan? What has Tajikistan been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? How many Tajiks were killed during World War II? How many Tajiks were killed during World War II? How many Tajiks were killed during World War II? What did Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign focus on? How did Tajikistan fall into civil war? What did the ceasefire guarantee 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition? Who defeated Abdumalik Abdullajanov in a November presidential election? How many people fled Tajikistan in 1992? Which Russian border troops were stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border until 2005? What type of personnel regularly visit Tajikistan to conduct joint training missions? What is the main base of the Tajikistan air force? What is the main base of the Tajikistan air force? What did the Interior Ministry assert that the central government maintains full control over Tajikistan's east? What report confirms that Russia will send more troops to Tajikistan in 2015? What does the Interior Ministry assert that the central government maintains full control over Tajikistan's east? What did the Interior Ministry assert that the central government maintains full control over Tajikistan's east? What is a dominant-party system where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan has a vast majority in Parliament? What is Kokhir Rasulzoda? What is Kokhir Rasulzoda? Who has held the office of President of Tajikistan continuously since November 1994? Who has held the office of President of Tajikistan continuously since November 1994? What is ostensibly guaranteed by the government? What does the Institute for War & Peace Reporting say that no public criticism of the regime is tolerated? What does the Institute for War & Peace Reporting say that no public criticism of the regime is tolerated? What does the Institute for War & Peace Reporting say is blocked from reporting on controversial events? What is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area? What is Tajikistan covered by mountains of the Pamir range? What is Dushanbe located on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley? What is Tajikistan covered by mountains of the Pamir range? What is Dushanbe located on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley? What is the suffix "-stan" for "place of" or "country"? What means the "Land of the Tajiks"? What is the suffix "-stan" for "place of" or "country"? What did the Library of Congress' 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan say it is difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik"? What period was the Samanid Empire temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese? What period was the Samanid Empire temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese? How did the Samanid Empire restore Persian control of Transoxania? How did the Samanid Empire restore Persian control of Transoxania? What period was the Samanid Empire temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese? What period was the Samanid Empire temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese? What period was the Samanid Empire temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese? How did the Samanid Empire restore Persian control of Transoxania? What period was the Samanid Empire temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese? How did the Samanid Empire restore Persian control of Transoxania? How did the Samanid Empire restore Persian control of Transoxania? How did the Samanid Empire restore Persian control of Transoxania? What period was the Samanid Empire temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese? How was the Samanid Empire restored Persian control of the region? When did the Kara-Khanid Khanate conquer Transoxania? How did the Samanid Empire restore Persian control of Transoxania? What led to the conquest of Central Asia? What was Russia interested in gaining access to a supply of cotton? Who was interested in gaining access to a supply of cotton? What was Russia interested in gaining access to a supply of cotton? Who was interested in gaining access to a supply of cotton? When did the Jadidists establish themselves as an Islamic social movement? What did the Russians see the Jadidists as a threat? What did the Russians see the Jadidists as a threat? What happened in July 1916 when demonstrators attacked Russian soldiers in Khujand over the threat of forced conscription during World War I? When did the Bolsheviks wage a war against Bolshevik armies? When did the Bolsheviks wage a war against Bolshevik armies? What did the Bolsheviks do after a four-year war? What was the result of the famine that claimed many lives? When was the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic created? What caused violence against peasants in Tajikistan? What caused violence against peasants in Tajikistan? What caused violence against peasants in Tajikistan? How many people were expelled from Tajikistan? How many people were expelled from Tajikistan? What did the proportion of Russians in Tajikistan's population grow from less than 1% to 13%? Who was the only Tajikistani politician of significance outside of Tajikistan during the Soviet Era? What did the proportion of Russians in Tajikistan's population grow from less than 1% to 13%? What did the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe say the 2010 elections failed on many basic democratic standards? When did the PDPT lose four seats in Parliament? What did the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe say the 2010 elections failed on many basic democratic standards? What did the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe say the 2010 elections failed on many basic democratic standards? What is Tajikistan bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east? What is Tajikistan bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east? What is Tajikistan bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east? What country is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east? What traditional homelands of Tajik people included Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan? What country is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east? What is Tajikistan bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east? What is Tajikistan bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east? What country is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east? What country is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east? What is the earliest recorded history of Tajikistan? What is the earliest recorded history of Tajikistan? What was the name of the cities of Khujand and Panjakent? What was the name of the Hephthalite Empire? What was Central Asia's role as a commercial crossroads? What was Central Asia's role as a commercial crossroads? What was the name of the Hephthalite Empire? What improved Tajikistan's position among other Central Asian countries? What are the primary sources of income in Tajikistan? What is the main source of income in Tajikistan? What is the name of the biggest aluminium plant in Central Asia? What is the highest dam in the world? What is the highest dam in the world? What country is home to the Nurek Dam? What project will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan? How much of Tajikistan's population lives on less than US$1.25 per day? What has Tajikistan achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid? What has Tajikistan achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid? What has been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact? What is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan? What is Tajikistan's third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations? What country holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations? What organization is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings? What does Tajikistan have no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail? How has Tajikistan pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan? What was the name of the agreement between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan? What did Tajikistan sign in 2012? What was Tajikistan's main airport? What is the name of the main airport in Tajikistan? What is the name of the main airport in Tajikistan? What is the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of Tajikistan? What is the main ethnic group of Tajiks? What is the main ethnic group of Tajiks? What is the main ethnic group of Tajiks? What is the population of Tajik istan? What are all citizens of Tajikistan called Tajikistanis? What are the Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast? What are the Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast? What have the Pamiris preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in Tajikistan? What is the name of the state that Tajikistan considers itself a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion? What is the name of the country that has a Constitution providing for freedom of religion? What is the name of the two Islamic holidays in Tajikistan? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is non-denominational Muslims? What is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere? What is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere? What type of membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir is illegal? What type of membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir is illegal? What type of registration requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location? How are religious groups not allowed to gather publicly for prayer? What can result in large fines and closure of place of worship? What can result in large fines and closure of place of worship? What did the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare report that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan? How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan? What was the GDP of Tajikistan in 2004? What did the World Bank and Tajikistan consider activities to support this part of the population? What does the government plan to implement a 12-year system in Tajikistan in 2016? What does the government plan to implement a 12-year system in Tajikistan in 2016? What did the government plan to implement a 12-year system in 2016? What percentage of Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market? What is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present? What is a branch of anthropology in the United States? What is a branch of anthropology in the United States? What is a branch of anthropology in the United States? What is a branch of anthropology in the United States? What did the majority of evolutionist organizations follow? What did Rudolph Virchow say Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation? What did the majority of evolutionist organizations follow? What did the majority of evolutionist organizations follow? Who insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation? What was the name of the organization that supported the gradual osmosis of anthropology curricula into the major institutions of higher learning? What was the name of the organization that supported the gradual osmosis of anthropology curricula into the major institutions of higher learning? Who supported the gradual osmosis of anthropology curricula into the major institutions of higher learning? What did the American Association for the Advancement of Science report that 48 educational institutions had some curriculum in anthropology? What did the American Association for the Advancement of Science report that 48 educational institutions had some curriculum in anthropology? What has emphasized cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques? What is one of the primary research designs of Ethnography? What has emphasized cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques? What is one of the primary research designs of Ethnography? What has emphasized cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques? What is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another? What is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another? What is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another? What type of anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields? What has anthropology been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields? What has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories? What shift did archaeology and biological anthropology remain largely positivist? What shift did archaeology and biological anthropology remain largely positivist? What did archaeology and biological anthropology remain largely positivist? Why have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked cohesion over the last several decades? What is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them? What is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them? What does social anthropology help develop understanding of social structures? What type of distinction does Sociocultural anthropology overlap to a considerable degree? What is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them? What is an attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values? What is ethnography based upon long-term fieldwork within a community or other research site? What is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology? What can participate-observation be helpful to understanding a culture from an emic point of view? What is often accommodated in the field of ethnography? What is the subject of study in linguistic anthropology? What is the subject of study in linguistic anthropology? What is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology? What is the subject of study in linguistic anthropology? What is the subject of study in linguistic anthropology? What is the study of the human past through its material remains? What is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups? What is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups? What is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups? What is the name of the material remains that archaeologists examine in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices? What is the branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems? What is the branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems? What is a branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems? What do Linguistic anthropologists often draw on related fields? What is one of the central problems in the anthropology of art? What have anthropologists noted that the Western categories of 'painting','sculpture', or 'literature' do not exist in most non-Western contexts? What are some examples of the trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of culturally specific 'aesthetics'? What are some examples of the trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of culturally specific 'aesthetics'? What are some examples of the trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of culturally specific 'aesthetics'? What did Étienne Serres use to describe the natural history of man? What did Étienne Serres use to describe the natural history of man? What did Étienne Serres use to describe the natural history of man? What did Étienne Serres use to describe the natural history of man? What was the name of the first anthropologist to use Ethnology? What are the intellectual results of the comparative methods developed in the early 19th century? What did Theorists begin to suspect similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of processes or laws unknown to them? What did Theorists begin to suspect similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of processes or laws unknown to them? What was the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect? What was Darwin's conclusion from the publication of On the Origin of Species? Who was in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies? Who did Paul Broca break away from the Société de biologie to form the first of the explicitly anthropological societies? Who was Paul Broca in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie? Who was Paul Broca in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie? Who was Paul Broca in the process of breaking away from the Société de biologie? Who wanted to localize the difference between man and other animals? Who wanted to localize the difference between man and other animals? What was Broca's interest in Biological anthropology? What was Broca's interest in Biological anthropology? What was Broca's interest in Biological anthropology? Who defined anthropology as the science of the nature of man? What did Waitz mean matter animated by the Divine breath? What did Waitz point out that anthropology is a new field? What does Waitz emphasize that the data of comparison must be empirical? What is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity? Who was influential among the British ethnologists? What was the 2nd society dedicated to general anthropology in existence? What was the 2nd society dedicated to general anthropology in existence? Who was the representative of the French Société? Who was influential among the British ethnologists? What has diversified from a few major subdivisions to dozens more? What has diversified from a few major subdivisions to dozens more? What type of organization has reached global level? What type of organization has reached global level? What is the name of the network of national, regional and international associations that aims to promote worldwide communication and cooperation in anthropology? What does ethnographic studies emphasize as a means of understanding producers, audiences, and other cultural and social aspects of mass media? What does ethnographic studies emphasize as a means of understanding producers, audiences, and other cultural and social aspects of mass media? In addition to ethnographic contexts, where media have started to make their presences felt since the early 1990s? What are some other types of ethnographic contexts explored? In addition to cyber anthropology, what are some of the types of ethnographic contexts explored? What is the focus of visual anthropology? What is the focus of visual anthropology? What is the focus of visual anthropology? What is the focus of visual anthropology? What does anthropology attempt to explain human economic behavior in its widest historical, geographic and cultural scope? What does anthropology attempt to explain human economic behavior in its widest historical, geographic and cultural scope? What does anthropology have a complex relationship with the discipline of economics? What is a sub-field of anthropology focused on exchange? What is a sub-field of anthropology focused on exchange? Who introduced questions of history and colonialism to ahistorical anthropological theories of social structure and culture? What did Political Economy introduce questions of history and colonialism to ahistorical anthropological theories of social structure and culture? What did Sahlins work on Hunter-gatherers as the 'original affluent society' do to dissipate that image? What was the third area on colonialism, imperialism, and the creation of the capitalist world-system? What have Political Economists more directly addressed issues of industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism around the world? What refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems? What is the practical side of anthropological research? What is the practical side of anthropological research? What is the practical side of anthropological research? What is the practical side of anthropological research? What does the Anthropology of development tend to view development from a critical perspective? What does the Anthropology of Development tend to view development from a critical perspective? What does the Anthropology of Development tend to view development from a critical perspective? Why are those working in development willing to disregard history and the lessons it might offer? Why is development so externally driven rather than having an internal basis? What can refer to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures? How can kinship be considered to include people related by descent? How can kinship be considered to include people related by descent? What can kinship patterns be considered to include people related both by descent and by marriage? What can kinship patterns be considered to include people related both by descent and by marriage? What is a four field approach to anthropology? What is a four field approach to anthropology? What type of anthropologists are centrally concerned with the construction of gender across societies? What type of anthropology is inclusive of birth anthropology as a specialization? What type of anthropology is inclusive of birth anthropology as a specialization? What is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? What is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? What affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development for any given group of people? What affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development for any given group of people? What is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? What is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interaction of cultural and mental processes? What subfield of anthropology tends to focus on ways in which humans develop and enculturation within a particular cultural group? What subfield of anthropology tends to focus on ways in which humans develop and enculturation within a particular cultural group? What subfield of anthropology tends to focus on ways in which humans develop and enculturation within a particular cultural group? What does psychological anthropology examine how the understanding of cognition, emotion, motivation and similar psychological processes inform or constrain our models of cultural and social processes? What type of anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them? What type of anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them? What type of anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them? What is the focus of Cognitive anthropology? What discipline was developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies? What discipline was developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies? Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies? Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies? What is the name of Geertz's work on "Negara"? What group was closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science? What was the name of the sub-focus group that was closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science? What was Donna Haraway's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto considered the founding document of cyborg anthropology? Who wrote the Cyborg Manifesto in 1985? What does Cyborg anthropology study humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built? What is a sub-specialty within the field of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time? What do many characterize this new perspective as more informed with culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more? What do many characterize this new perspective as more informed with culture, politics and power? What is often used for arguments for/against or creation of policy? What is the case with Melissa Checker and her relationship with the people of Hyde Park? What is the study of ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs? What does Ethnohistory use historical and ethnographic data as its foundation? What does Ethnohistory use historical and ethnographic data as its foundation? What does Ethnohistory use as its foundation? Who recognizes the utility of such source material as maps, music, paintings, photography, folklore, oral tradition? Who quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were a notoriously agoraphobic lot? What was Ulf Hannerz's remark that traditional anthropologists were a notoriously agoraphobic lot? What was Ulf Hannerz's remark that traditional anthropologists were a notoriously agoraphobic lot? What are two principle approaches in urban anthropology? What are two principle approaches in urban anthropology? What is a burgeoning interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines? What is a burgeoning interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines? What is an interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines? What is the major focus of anthrozoology? How many fields does anthrozoology include? What is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour? What is the main focus of Evolutionary anthropology? What is based on a scientific approach? What is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field? What is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field? What type of commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, and torture? What type of commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, and torture? What are some topics that attract anthropological attention? What are some topics that attract anthropological attention? How can one take just one of these topics to illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach? What did many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries serve in the armed forces? What did Boas' anthropologist contemporaries do by the 1940s? What did David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War provide detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies? What did David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War provide detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies? What does David H. Price's work on American anthropology provide detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies? What does the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth call certain scholarship ethically dangerous? What does the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth call certain scholarship ethically dangerous? What has the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth called certain scholarship ethically dangerous? What does the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth call certain scholarship ethically dangerous? What does the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth call certain scholarship ethically dangerous? Who is working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan? Who is working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan? What report states that " Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan? What report states that Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs in Afghanistan? What does CEAUSSIC suggest that the AAA emphasize the incompatibility of HTS with disciplinary ethics and practice for job seekers? What are anthropologists interested in both human variation and the possibility of human universals? What are anthropologists interested in both human variation and the possibility of human universals? What do anthropologists use many different methods of study? What do anthropologists use many different methods of study? What do anthropologists use many different methods of study? What does anthropologists divide the world up into relevant cultural traditions? What is a central part of anthropology? What is a central part of anthropology? What is a central part of anthropology? What is a central part of anthropology? What do some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures"? What do some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures"? What do some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures"? What do some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures"? What do some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures"? What has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region? What has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region? What has been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the daily life of ordinary people? What has been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the daily life of ordinary people? What has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region? In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination? Who was involved in the assassination of Joseph I? What was the final stroke that broke the power of the aristocracy? Who made Joseph I's loyal minister Count of Oeiras in 1759? What was the final stroke that broke the power of the aristocracy? Who ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779? Who ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779? What did historians argue that Pombal's "enlightenment" was a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of individual liberty? What did the new Count of Oeiras know no opposition? What did historians argue that Pombal's "enlightenment" was a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of individual liberty? When did Portugal begin a slow but inexorable decline? What was the name of the country's largest colonial possession? What was the name of the country's largest colonial possession? In 1815, Brazil was declared a Kingdom and the Kingdom of Portugal was united with it? When did Portugal begin a slow but inexorable decline? Who fought against the French Invasion of Portugal? What did Joo VI want to return to Lisbon in 1821? What did Joo VI want to return to Lisbon in 1821? Who fought against the French Invasion of Portugal? What did the Portuguese and their allied British troops fight against the French Invasion of Portugal? What did the Benguela railway in Angola start to be built to link coastal areas and selected inland regions? What was the name of the cities and towns that were founded or redeveloped inland during this period? What was the name of the city of Nova Lisboa? What was the name of the city of Nova Lisboa? What did the Benguela railway in Angola start to be built to link coastal areas and selected regions? What happened to the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal? Who became the new king of Portugal? Who became the new king of Portugal? When did Manuel II of Portugal become the new king? What conditions were fertile ground for chaos and unrest during the Portuguese First Republic? What led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo? What led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo? What country was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II? What were the main targets of new economic development projects and relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa? What is Portugal known for decriminalizing the use of all common drugs in 2001? What country is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries? What country is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries? What country is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries? What is Portugal known for decriminalizing the use of all common drugs in 2001? Who aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors? Who aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors? What did Pelayos do after defeating the Moors in the Battle of Covadonga? What did Pelayos do after defeating the Moors in the Battle of Covadonga? What did Pelayos do after defeating the Moors in the Battle of Covadonga? When was the Kingdom of Asturias divided into a number of Christian Kingdoms in Northern Spain? What was the name of the county that made up the Kingdom of Asturias? What was the name of the county that made up the Kingdom of Asturias? What was the name of the county that made up the Kingdom of Asturias? What was the name of the county that made up the Kingdom of Asturias? What did the people of County of Portugal struggle to maintain the autonomy of Galicia? What happened when the County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish the Kingdom of Portugal? What did the people of County of Portugal struggle to maintain the autonomy of Galicia? What happened when the Kingdom of Leon and the Kingdom of Castile united and the Castilian Language began influencing the Galician language? What happened to Astur-Leonese Language to the point where it is greatly reduced or completely replaced by the Castilian language? Who recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749? What was Sebastio José de Carvalho e Melo? Who recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749? Who recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749? Who recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749? What was the new city centre of Lisbon designed to resist subsequent earthquakes? What was built to simulate the effects of an earthquake? What was the new city centre of Lisbon designed to resist subsequent earthquakes? What was Sebastio de Melo's contribution to the study of seismology? What was Sebastio de Melo's contribution to the study of seismology? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe? What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union? What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union? What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe? What is the westernmost country of mainland Europe? What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union? What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union? What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union? What Muslim peoples were expelled during the Christian Reconquista of the peninsula? What were the Celts and the Romans followed by the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples? When did Portugal establish itself as a kingdom independent from León? In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established itself as one of the world's major economic, political and military powers? In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established itself as one of the world's major economic, political and military powers? What caused Portugal to lose much of its wealth and status? What caused Portugal to lose much of its wealth and status? What was the result of the restoration of the Portuguese First Republic? What was the end of the longest-lived European colonial empire? What was the end of the longest-lived European colonial empire? What is the name of Portugal that derives from the joined Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale? What are some 5th century vestiges of Alan settlement found in Alenquer? What are some 5th century vestiges of Alan settlement found in Alenquer? What are some 5th century vestiges of Alan settlement found in Alenquer? What are some 5th century vestiges of Alan settlement found in Alenquer? When was Gallaecia formed? What was the name of the northern province of Lusitania? What is the name of the largest Roman settlement in Portugal? What is one of the largest Roman settlements in Portugal? What site has a museum that displays objects found by archaeologists during their excavations? What did the Umayyad Caliphate start expanding rapidly in the peninsula? What year did the west of the empire gain its independence under Abd-ar-Rahman I? What year did the West gain its independence under Abd-ar-Rahman I? What year did the Emirate of Córdoba become the Caliphate of Córdoba? How did the Emirate become the Caliphate of Córdoba? What did the governors of the taifas declare themselves Emir of their provinces? What did the governors of the taifas declare themselves Emir of their provinces? What period ended with the conquest of the Almoravids? What period ended with the conquest of the Almohads? What period ended with the conquest of the Almoravids? What was the name of the Muslim population of Oman? What were the Berbers originally from the Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa? What were the Berbers originally from the Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa? What is the Portuguese language of Arabic origin? How many words are spoken in the Portuguese language of Arabic origin? What did Garca become king of León? Who died in Zamora in 910? Who died in Zamora in 910? Who died in Zamora in 910? What was done to avoid dynastic feuds? In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world? What was the longest-standing alliance in the world? What was the longest-standing alliance in the world? What alliance served both nations' interests throughout history? In the Oporto region, there is visible English influence to this day? Who spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery? Who was the main sponsor of the exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery? What was the name of the first European maritime trade and diplomatic mission to China and Japan? What was the name of the first European maritime trade and diplomatic mission to China and Japan? What was the name of the first European maritime trade and diplomatic mission to China and Japan? What was Sebastio de Melo's role as Prime Minister? When was Sebastio de Melo elected Prime Minister? What happened to Sebastio de Melo? When was Sebastio de Melo elected Prime Minister? When was Sebastio de Melo elected Prime Minister? What was Sebastio de Melo's greatest reforms? What was Sebastio de Melo's first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe? What did Sebastio de Melo gain enemies in the upper classes? What was Sebastio de Melo's greatest reforms? What did Sebastio de Melo rule with a strong hand? What was the name of the transitional period that led the way for the independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia? What was the name of the transitional period that led the way for the independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia? What was characterized by social turmoil and power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces? What was the name of the Junta de Salvaço Nacional? What was the name of Mário Soares? What was the name of Mário Soares? Who was the Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government? How did Portugal bounce between socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model? What was the Portuguese Constitution rewritten in order to accommodate socialist and communist principles? What was the Portuguese Constitution rewritten in order to accommodate socialist and communist principles? What is the name of the Mediterranean climate in Portugal? What is the name of the Mediterranean climate in Portugal? What is the name of the Mediterranean climate in Portugal? What is Portugal's climate similar to the southern coastal areas of Spain or Southwest Australia? What type of climate do the Azores and Madeira archipelagos have? What type of climate do the Azores and Madeira archipelagos have? What is the name of the Mediterranean climate in the Azores? What is the largest continuous area in the Madeira main island? What is the largest continuous area in the Madeira main island? Why are Boar, Iberian red deer, roe deer and Iberian wild goats reported to be expanding greatly? What were Boars found recently roaming at night in large urban areas? What are the protected areas of Portugal? What is a unique type of subtropical rainforest found in few areas of Europe and the world? What is Portugal an important stopover for migratory birds? What is Portugal an important stopover for migratory birds? How many freshwater fish species are endangered? How many freshwater fish species are endangered? What is one of the richest in the world? What type of species are well represented? Who is elected to a five-year term? Who is elected to a five-year term? How is the Assembly of the Republic composed of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term? How is the Assembly of the Republic composed of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term? What oversees the constitutionality of the laws? What are the two political parties that dominate the Assembly of the Republic? What country operates a multi-party system of competitive legislatures? What is Portugal's multi-party system of competitive legislatures? What is Portugal's multi-party system of competitive legislatures? Who is the President of Portugal? Who is the Head of State of Portugal elected to? Who is the President of Portugal? Who is the President of Portugal? Which government is required to define the broad outline of its policies in a programme? How is each government required to define the broad outline of its policies in a programme? What does the failure of the Assembly to reject the government programme by an absolute majority of deputies confirm the cabinet in office? What is the main influence of the Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR? What are Portugal's main police organizations? What are Portugal's main police organizations? What are Portugal's main police organizations? What did Portugal decriminalize possession of drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations? What type of people are given the choice to go to a rehab facility? What type of people are given the choice to go to a rehab facility? What did the number of HIV infection cases drop by 2009? How is Portugal divided into 308 municipalities? How is Portugal divided into 308 municipalities? What is Portugal agglomerated into 18 districts? What are the three branches of the armed forces? What are the three branches of the armed forces? What do the armed forces serve primarily as a self-defense force? What percentage of Portuguese military expenditure was abolished in 2004? What percentage of Portuguese military expenditure was abolished in 2004? What is the name of the infantry brigade? What is the main combat aircraft in the Air Force? What is the main combat aircraft in the Air Force? What is the main combat aircraft in the Air Force? What is the main combat aircraft in the Air Force? In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War? In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War? In the 20th century, Portugal conducted several unilateral military operations abroad? What was the main objective of the Portuguese Armed Forces? What did Pedro Passos Coelho do after the bailout? What did Pedro Passos Coelho do after the bailout? What did Pedro Passos Coelho do after the bailout? What did all public servants see an average wage cut of 20%? What did the Diário de Notcias report in 2011 show that the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles? What did the Diário de Notcias report show that the democratic Portuguese governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles? What did the Diário de Notcias report in 2011 show that the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles? What happened to the BPN and Banco Privado Português? What was the case of BPN? What was the case of BPN? What was the case of BPN particularly serious because of its size, market share and political implications? What was the case of BPN? What is the name of the Banco de Portugal? What is the name of the Banco de Portugal? What is the Banco de Portugal? What are the biggest economic centres outside of the Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas? What are the biggest economic centres outside of the Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas? What has Portugal's economic development model been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector? When did Portugal try to adapt to a changing modern global economy? What has changed Portugal's economy since the 1990s? What have business services overtaken traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork? What have business services overtaken traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork? What was Portugal's most severe recession since the 1970s? What required Portugal to enter into austerity measures in exchange for funding support of €78 billion? What required Portugal to enter into a range of austerity measures in exchange for funding support of €78 billion? When did Portugal exit the bailout? What was Portugal's unemployment rate at the time of exiting the bailout? What is Portugal's agriculture based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units? What type of agriculture is Portugal based on? What is the name of the country that produces a wide variety of crops and livestock products? What is the name of the country that produces a wide variety of crops and livestock products? What are Portuguese processed fish products exported through several companies? What are Portuguese processed fish products exported through several companies? What is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita? What country is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers? What is Portugal a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium? Portugal lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors? What are the Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines? What are the Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines? What is one of the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal? What is one of the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal? What is one of the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal? What are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry? What is the name of the major biotechnology and information technology industries in Portugal? What has been necessary for Portugal to focus on its niche attractions to stay ahead of its competitors? What has been necessary for Portugal to focus on its niche attractions to stay ahead of its competitors? What has been necessary for Portugal to focus on its niche attractions to stay ahead of its competitors? What has been necessary for Portugal to focus on its niche attractions to stay ahead of its competitors? What did The Economist describe Portugal as a new sick man of Europe? What did The Economist describe Portugal as a new sick man of Europe? What did Standard & Poor's drop its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to "negative" from "stable"? What did Standard & Poor's downgrade its long-term credit assessment of Portugal? What did Moody's downgrade its long-term credit assessment of Portugal after warning of deteriorating risk of default in March 2011? What was the third time the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? What was the third time the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? What was the third time the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? Why did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks? What was the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in Portugal in 2005? What was the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in Portugal in 2005? What has been known for its mismanagement, useless redundancies, waste, excess of bureaucracy and lack of productivity in certain sectors? What has been known for its mismanagement, useless redundancies, waste, excess of bureaucracy and lack of productivity in certain sectors? What has been known for its mismanagement, useless redundancies, waste, excess of bureaucracy and lack of productivity in certain sectors? What did Coelho say is necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant? What did Coelho say is necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant? What was Coelho's statement that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant? What did Coelho explain that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant? Who has cut meaningfully the salaries of politicians? Who has cut meaningfully the salaries of politicians? Who has cut meaningfully the salaries of politicians? What has led to social unrest and confrontations between the Government and the Constitutional Court? What has Portugal been in a continuous falling trend since the third quarter of 2014? What has Portugal been in a continuous falling trend since the third quarter of 2014? What was the unemployment rate in Portugal in the second quarter of 2008? What was Portugal's unemployment rate in 2009? What is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world? What is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world? What is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world? What is the 16th European city that attracts the most tourists? What is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world? When did Portugal build many new motorways? When did Portugal build many new motorways? What was the name of the first motorway in Portugal? What was the name of the first motorway that made Portugal one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway? What makes Lisbon a stopover for foreign airlines? What makes Lisbon a stopover for foreign airlines? What makes Lisbon a stopover for foreign airlines? What makes TAP Portugal a stopover for foreign airlines? What is TAP Portugal's primary flag-carrier? What is derived from the 2,791 km of railway lines currently in service? What is derived from the 2,791 km of railway lines currently in service? What is derived from the 2,791 km of railway lines currently in service? What is derived from the 2,791 km of railway lines currently in service? What is derived from the 2,791 km of railway lines currently in service? What is the name of the two largest metropolitan areas that have subway systems? What is the name of the two largest metropolitan areas that have subway systems? In Portugal, Lisbon tram services have been supplied by the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa for over a century? What has the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa supplied? What type of research activities are conducted in Portugal? What type of research activities are conducted in Portugal? What are the largest R&D units of the public universities? What are the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal? What are the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal? What are the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal? What is one of the oldest learned societies of Portugal? What is the largest aquarium in Europe? What is the largest aquarium in Europe? What is the largest aquarium in Europe? What are the Tagusparks in Oeiras? What type of companies locate in the Portuguese science parks? What type of companies locate in the Portuguese science parks to take advantage of a variety of services? What country has considerable resources of wind and river power? What was the name of Portugal's first commercial wave power farm? What was the name of Portugal's first commercial wave power farm? What percentage of Portugal's electrical production was from coal and fuel power plants? What company uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather? What company uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather? When did Portugal generate electricity from hydropower plants? What is Portugal's distribution system now a two-way street? What did the government encourage by setting a premium price for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity? What group estimates that the population of Portugal is relatively homogeneous for most of its history? What group estimates that the population of Portugal is relatively homogeneous for most of its history? What group estimates that the population of Portugal is relatively homogeneous for most of its history? What has been relatively homogeneous for most of Portugal's history? What did the distinction between Old and New Christians be abolished by decree? What is the most important demographic influence in the modern Portuguese? What is the most important demographic influence in the modern Portuguese? What is the most important demographic influence in the modern Portuguese? What was Portugal's colonial history a cornerstone of its national identity? What was Portugal's colonial history a cornerstone of its national identity? What was Portugal one of the last western colonial European powers to give up its overseas territories? What has become a country of net immigration? How many Portuguese were legal immigrants in Portugal in 2007? What percentage of the Portuguese population is Roman Catholic? What is the name of the small Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist communities? What percentage of the Portuguese population declared themselves non-religious? What percentage of the Portuguese population declared themselves non-religious? What are many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions a Christian origin or connotation? What did the church enjoy in the 13th and 14th centuries? What changed the role and importance of organized religion during the eras leading to the formation of the First Portuguese Republic? What changed the role and importance of organized religion during the eras leading to the formation of the First Portuguese Republic? What story tells Afonso that God was watching him and his peers before the Battle of Ourique? How did Afonso hear Jesus promising victories for the coming battles? How did Afonso hear Jesus promising victories for the coming battles? What is the official language of Portugal? What is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal? What is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal? What is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal? What is the Portuguese language derived from the Latin spoken by the pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula? What is the Portuguese language derived from the Latin spoken by the pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula? In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portuguese is now spoken as a native language in five different continents? What is Portuguese now spoken as a native language in five different continents? What is Portuguese now spoken as a native language in five different continents? What percentage of Portuguese primary school enrollments are close to 100 percent? What percentage of Portuguese primary school enrollments are close to 100 percent? How many college-age citizens attend one of Portugal's higher education institutions? How many college-age citizens attend one of Portugal's higher education institutions? What is the name of the oldest Portuguese university? What was the name of the first Portuguese university established in Lisbon? What was the name of the first Portuguese university established in Lisbon? What is the largest university in Portugal? What is the largest university in Portugal? What process has been adopted by Portuguese universities and polytechnical institutes since 2006? What is the cost of a student to attend a Portuguese state-run higher education institution? What does the Bologna process mean? How is the Ministry of Health responsible for developing health policy? How many regional health administrations are responsible for implementing the national health policy objectives? How many regional health administrations are responsible for implementing the national health policy objectives? What type of disease does most Portuguese die from? What percentage of Portuguese people die less often from cancer than in the Eur-A? What percentage of Portuguese people die less often from cancer than in the Eur-A? What percentage of Portuguese people die less often from cancer than in the Eur-A? What percentage of Portuguese people die less often from cancer than in the Eur-A? What is the lowest of the Eur-A countries reporting? What is the lowest of the Eur-A countries reporting? In the 1990s and 2000s, how did Portugal modernize its public cultural facilities? In the 1990s and 2000s, how did Portugal modernize its public cultural facilities? In the 1990s and 2000s, how did Portugal modernize its public cultural facilities? How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites are in Portugal? What is Portugal's ranking in the world? What is the name of the Portuguese late Gothic style? What is the name of the Portuguese late Gothic style? What is the name of the 20th century interpretation of traditional architecture? What has given the world renowned architects such as Eduardo Souto de Moura and Gonçalo Byrne? What is a notable feature of Tomás Taveira? Which Portuguese film directors gained notability? What are some notable Portuguese film actors? What are Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado? Which Portuguese film directors gained notability? What are some notable Portuguese film actors? What are Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado? Who wrote the epic poem "Os Lusiadas"? Who wrote the epic poem "Os Lusiadas"? Who wrote the epic poem "Os Lusiadas"? What type of modern Portuguese literature is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles? What is José Saramago famous for? What type of dish is grilled sardines and caldeirada? What are two other popular fish recipes? What are two other popular fish recipes? What type of dish is the arroz de sarrabulho? What is the arroz de sarrabulho? What type of fast food dishes are well known around the country? What is the origin of the Portuguese art of pastry? What type of cuisine is very diverse in Portugal? What type of cuisine is very diverse in Portugal? What is the name of the country that has won several international prizes? What is the name of the country that has won several international prizes? Port and Madeira are particularly appreciated in a wide range of places around the world? Port and Madeira are particularly appreciated in a wide range of places around the world? What is the name of the summer festival in Ericeira? What is one of the largest international Goa trance festivals in Portugal? What is one of the largest international Goa trance festivals in Portugal? What is one of the largest international Goa trance festivals in Portugal? In 2005, Portugal held the MTV Europe Music Awards in Pavilho Atlântico, Lisbon? What is the name of the composers in Portugal? What is the name of the composers in Portugal? Which composers have achieved some international success writing original music for film and television? How have Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira achieved international success writing original music for film and television? Canço Popular a Russa e o Fgaro is one of the most famous Portuguese painters? Canço Popular a Russa e o Fgaro is one of the most famous Portuguese painters? What is one of Carlos Botelho's works? Vieira da Silva, Jlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julio Sarmento and Paula Rego are some of the prominent international figures in visual arts nowadays? What is the most popular sport in Portugal? Who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or for 2013 and 2014? Who is one of the most famous Portuguese football managers? Who is one of the most famous Portuguese football managers? What are the most famous Portuguese football managers? What are the biggest sports clubs by popularity and number of trophies won? What are the biggest sports clubs by popularity and number of trophies won? How many Portuguese sports clubs have won eight titles in the European UEFA club competitions? What is the name of the sport that hosts the Algarve Cup? Who hosts the Algarve Cup? Who is one of the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century? Who is one of the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century? Who is one of the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century? Who is one of the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century? What was the name of West's debut album? What was the name of West's debut album? What was the name of West's fifth album? What was the name of West's debut album? What was the name of West's debut album? What was the name of West's debut album? What did West pursue a solo career as a rapper? What was the name of West's fifth album? Who is one of the best-selling artists of all time? Who is one of the best-selling artists of all time? How many of West's albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list? Who is one of the best-selling artists of all time? How many of West's albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list? Who is one of the best-selling artists of all time? How many of West's albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list? Who is one of the best-selling artists of all time? Who named West one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015? What was the name of West's mother? Who was Kanye Omari West born on June 8, 1977? Who opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland? What was the name of West's mother? What was Kanye Omari West's background? When did West move with his mother to Nanjing, China? What did West say he was the only foreigner in his class? When asked about his grades in high school, West replied, "I got A's and B's. And I'm not even frontin'? When did West move with his mother to Nanjing, China? When did West move with his mother to Nanjing, China? What was West's passion for drawing and music? What was the name of the small basement studio where a microphone hung from the ceiling by a wire clothes hanger? Who became West's mentor? What was West's passion for drawing and music? What was the name of the small basement studio where a microphone hung from the ceiling by a wire clothes hanger? Who became West's mentor? What did West realize that his busy class schedule was detrimental to his musical work? What did West realize that his busy class schedule was detrimental to his musical work? What did West realize that his busy class schedule was detrimental to his musical work? What did West realize that his busy class schedule was detrimental to his musical work? What did West realize that his busy class schedule was detrimental to his musical work? What did Kanye do to make an album called College Dropout? What was Kanye West's first official production credits? What was Kanye West's first official production credits? What was the name of the group of the Go-Getters? What was Kanye West's first official production credits? What was Kanye West's first official production credits? What did West act as a ghost producer for? What was the name of the group of the Go-Getters? Who managed the Go-Getters? What did the Go-Getters release in 1999? What was Chyna Doll's second studio album produced by West? What did West's songs feature guest appearances from Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem? What was Chyna Doll's second studio album produced by West? What was the name of the song that West produced for Tell 'Em Why U Madd? What was West's big break in the year 2000? What is the name of the greatest hip-hop album West produced? What was West's big break in the year 2000? What is the name of the greatest hip-hop album West produced? What was West's true aspiration to be a rapper? What was West denied an artist deal after a series of meetings with Capitol Records? What was West's true aspiration to be a rapper? Why was West denied an artist deal? What was West denied an artist deal after a series of meetings with Capitol Records? What did Joe Weinberger say he was approached by West? What did Roc-A-Fella say West was reluctant to support? What did Damon Dash say Roc-A-Fella was reluctant to support West as a rapper? What did Joe Weinberger say he was approached by West? What did Roc-A-Fella say West was reluctant to support? What was the name of West's debut album? What album was first available on West's Get Well Soon... mixtape? What was the theme of West's "Through The Wire"? What was the cause of the crash that left West with a shattered jaw? What was the name of the composition of "Through The Wire"? What album was first available on West's Get Well Soon... mixtape? When did West release The College Dropout? What resulted in The College Dropout being postponed three times from its initial date? Where did West record the remainder of The College Dropout? What resulted in The College Dropout being postponed three times from its initial date? What resulted in The College Dropout being postponed three times from its initial date in August 2003? What was Roc-A-Fella's second single? What was Roc-A-Fella's second single? What was The College Dropout voted the top album of the year by two major music publications? What was the focus of The College Dropout's production style? What was the name of "Slow Jamz"? What was the name of The College Dropout's second single? What chart did "Slow Jamz" reach number fifteen on the Billboard 200? What was the focus of The College Dropout's production style? What did West do with Jon Brion? What did West collaborate with Jon Brion? Who did West hire a string orchestra for his second album Late Registration? What was the only successful major album release of the fall season? What inspired West to incorporate string arrangements into his hip-hop production? Who did West hire a string orchestra for his second album Late Registration? What was the only successful major album release of the fall season? What was West's first large-scale controversy? What was West's first large-scale controversy? What was the name of the controversy West posed on the cover of Rolling Stone wearing a crown of thorns? What was West's first large-scale controversy? What did West deviate from the script when he was presenting with Mike Myers? What was the name of the controversy West posed on the cover of Rolling Stone wearing a crown of thorns? What was West's first large-scale controversy during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina victims? What did West feel inspired to compose anthemic rap songs? What did West feel inspired to compose anthemic rap songs? What did West do to make his next effort? What did West feel inspired to compose anthemic rap songs? What was the purpose of West's hip-hop production? What did West draw inspiration from the Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin? What did West do to make his next effort? What was the name of West's third studio album? What was the name of West's third studio album? What did Graduation's lead single "Stronger" garner? Who cited the outcome of the sales competition between 50 Cent's Curtis and Graduation as being responsible for altering the direction of hip-hop? What was the name of West's third studio album? What was the name of West's third studio album? Who cited the outcome of the sales competition between 50 Cent's Curtis and Graduation as being responsible for altering the direction of hip-hop? What did West and his fiancée end their relationship in 2002? What did West experiment with on his debut album The College Dropout? What did West's life take a different direction when his mother died of complications from cosmetic surgery? What did West and his fiancée end their relationship in 2002? Why did West decide to sing using Auto-Tune? What was the name of West's fourth album? Where did West perform his lead single, "Love Lockdown"? What was released to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008? What was released by Island Def Jam to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend? What was released to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008? What was released by Island Def Jam to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend? What did the lead single "Love Lockdown" debut at number three on the Billboard Hot 100? What was released to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008? What did Matthew Trammell say the record was ahead of its time? What did Matthew Trammell say the record was ahead of its time? What was West's biggest controversy during the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards? Why was West withdrawn from the rest of the MTV Video Music Awards? What was the cause of the cancellation of West's tour with Lady Gaga? What was West's biggest controversy during the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards? What was Beyoncé's video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)"? What was the cause of the cancellation of West's tour with Lady Gaga? What was the reason for the cancellation of West's tour with Lady Gaga? What happened to West after he threw himself into fashion? What happened to West after he threw himself into fashion? What happened to West after he threw himself into fashion? What was the name of West's fifth studio album? What went platinum in the United States? What was the name of West's fifth studio album? What was the name of West's fifth studio album? What was the name of the hit "All of the Lights"? What was the name of the release of Dark Fantasy? What was the record's highest charting single? What did West release the collaborative album Watch the Throne with Jay-Z? Who directed a film of the same name that premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival? What was the record's highest charting single? What was the record's highest charting single? What was the record's highest charting single? How did West release Cruel Summer? Who directed a film of the same name that premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival? What did West's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013? What was the name of West's sixth solo album? What was Kanye West's first solo tour in five years? What did West's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013? What did West's perfectionist tendencies lead to? What was the name of West's sixth solo album? What was the name of West's sixth solo album? What was Kanye West's first solo tour in five years? What did Kim Kardashian announce the birth of their first child? What was the name of the official apparel collaboration with West? Which single was released in January 2015? What song did West perform at the 2015 BRIT Awards? What was the name of the couple's first child? What did Kim Kardashian announce the birth of their first child? What was the name of the wedding that West and Kardashian married in May 2014? Which single was released in January 2015? What was the name of West's clothing collaboration with Adidas? What was the name of West's new album? What did the School of the Art Institute of Chicago award West an honorary DFA? What did West say he is now watching the greatest living rock star on the planet? What was the name of West's new album? What did the School of the Art Institute of Chicago award West an honorary DFA? What did West say he is now watching the greatest living rock star on the planet? What did West announce in January 2016 that SWISH would be released on February 11? When did West release his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line? What was the name of the album that West released on February 26, 2016? What was the name of the album West released on February 11, 2016? What album did West release on Tidal on 14 February 2016? When did West release a song titled "Facts"? When did West release his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line? What was the name of the album that West released on February 26, 2016? When did West release his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line? What has West described David Bowie as one of his "most important cultural figure in my life"? Who said that RZA influenced West in his style? What was the name of West's first major release? What has West described David Bowie as one of his "most important cultural figure in my life"? What has West described David Bowie as one of his "most important cultural figure in my life"? What was the name of West's first major release of "This Can't Be Life"? What was Kanye West's second album? What did Kanye West do on his second album Late Registration (2005)? What was Kanye West's 2006 live album Late Orchestration? What was Kanye West's second album? What was Kanye West's second album? What was the name of West's third album? What was the name of West's third album? What did West draw inspiration from the Rolling Stones, U2 and Led Zeppelin? What was the name of West's third album? What was the name of West's fourth studio album? What did West's fourth studio album, 808s & Heartbreak, feature austere production? What did the Rolling Stone journalist Matthew Trammell say was Kanye's most vulnerable work? What did West's fourth studio album, 808s & Heartbreak, feature austere production? What did the Rolling Stone journalist Matthew Trammell say was Kanye's most vulnerable work? What was Matthew Trammell's view of 808s & Heartbreak? Simon Vozick-Levinson believes that such elements "all recur at various points"? Who wrote that West "absorbed the gifts of his handpicked collaborators and occasionally elevat them" on previous studio albums? Who wrote that West "absorbed the gifts of his handpicked collaborators and occasionally elevat them" on previous studio albums? Who wrote that West "absorbed the gifts of his handpicked collaborators and occasionally elevat them" on previous studio albums? Who wrote that West "absorbed the gifts of his handpicked collaborators and occasionally elevat them" on previous studio albums? Simon Vozick-Levinson believes that such elements "all recur at various points"? What was the name of West's sixth studio album? What style of music did West use to incorporate glitches reminiscent of CD skips or corrupted MP3's? What was the name of West's sixth studio album Yeezus? What was the name of West's sixth studio album? What did West say he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in 2006? What was the name of the first shoe designed for Louis Vuitton during Paris Fashion Week? What did West say he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in 2006? What was the name of the first shoe designed for Louis Vuitton during Paris Fashion Week? In 2009, what was the name of the first shoe line designed for Louis Vuitton? What was the name of the first shoe line that West designed for Louis Vuitton during Paris Fashion Week? What was Kanye West's women's fashion label? What did Kanye West receive mixed-to-negative reviews? When did West premiere a second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week? What did Kanye West receive support from Dean and Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Alaa, and the Olsen twins? What did Kanye West receive support from Dean and Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Alaa, and the Olsen twins? What did Kanye West receive support from Dean and Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Alaa, and the Olsen twins? What did Kanye West receive support from Dean and Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Alaa, and the Olsen twins? What did Kanye West receive mixed-to-negative reviews? When did West premiere a second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week? What year did Adidas officially confirm a new shoe collaboration deal with West? What year did Adidas officially confirm a new shoe collaboration deal with West? What did Adidas confirm the release of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts? What was the initial release of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts? What did Adidas confirm the release of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts? What was the name of the Yeezy Boosts that West unveiled in 2015? When did West premiere his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line? What happened to the Fatburger restaurant in Orland Park in 2008? In what year did West open the Fatburger restaurant in Orland Park? When did West shut down the Fatburger restaurant in Orland Park? What happened to the Fatburger restaurant in Orland Park in 2008? In what year did West open the Fatburger restaurant in Orland Park? When did West shut down the Fatburger restaurant in Orland Park? What company bought the rights to the Fatburger chain in Chicago? Who founded GOOD Music in 2004? What has GOOD Music released ten albums certified gold or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America? Who founded GOOD Music in 2004? What were the names of the first artists on GOOD Music? What has GOOD Music released ten albums certified gold or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America? Who is notoriously secretive about DONDA's operations? What was the name of the creative content company DONDA named after? What was the name of the creative content company DONDA named after? What was the name of the co-owner of Tidal? What did Jay Z acquire in the first quarter of 2015? What was the challenge of having an all artist owned streaming service? What was the name of the co-owner of Tidal? What service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos? What company did Jay Z acquire in the first quarter of 2015? What was the challenge of having an all artist owned streaming service? Who founded the Kanye West Foundation in 2003? Who founded the "Kanye West Foundation" in 2003? Who founded the Kanye West Foundation in 2003? What did the Kanye West Foundation partner with in 2007? Who founded the "Kanye West Foundation" in 2003? Who founded the "Kanye West Foundation" in 2003? What did the Kanye West Foundation partner with in 2007? What was the name of the spokesman for the "Ed in '08" campaign? What was the name of the Dr. Donda West Foundation? What did the Dr. Donda West Foundation cease operations in 2011? What was the name of the Dr. Donda West Foundation? What was the name of the Dr. Donda West Foundation? What was the name of the Dr. Donda West Foundation? Who has participated in many fundraisers and benefit concerts? What did West criticize the media's portrayal of hurricane victims? What did West criticize the media's portrayal of hurricane victims? What did West criticize the media's portrayal of hurricane victims? What did West criticize the media's portrayal of hurricane victims? What did Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and cut away to Chris Tucker? What did Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and cut away to Chris Tucker? Who said that Bush's comment was one of the most disgusting moments of his presidency? What did Bush say was one of the most disgusting moments of his presidency? What did West rebuke for performing in Kazakhstan at the wedding of Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson? Who was reportedly paid US $3 million for his performance in Kazakhstan? What was the name of West's visit to Kazakhstan? What did West rebuke for performing in Kazakhstan at the wedding of Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson? What did West have previously participated in cultural boycotts? What did West pay US$3 million for his performance in Kazakhstan? What did West call him to demand an apology shortly before taping? What did West call Kimmel to demand an apology before taping? What did West call him to demand an apology shortly before taping? What did West call him to demand an apology shortly before taping? What did West call him to demand an apology shortly before taping? What did West say Obama can't make these moves or he's not executing? What kind of people don't have the same level of connections as Jewish people? What did West say Obama can't make these moves or he's not executing? What did West say was an insult to being told you have money? What was Bill Cosby's tweet in February 2016? What was Bill Cosby's tweet in February 2016? When did West lose Best New Artist to Gretchen Wilson? Why did West's " Touch the Sky" fail to win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards? When did West lose Best New Artist to Gretchen Wilson? Why did West's " Touch the Sky" fail to win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards? When did West apologize for the outburst? What did West apologize for the outburst on the 33rd season premiere of Saturday Night Live? What did West say he was overlooked for opening the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards? What did West say that Spears had not had a hit in a long period of time? What did West say he was overlooked for opening the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards? What did West say was his dream to open the VMAs with? What was Taylor Swift removed from the rest of the show for his actions? Who called Swift a "jackass"? Who called Swift a "jackass"? What did West say he did not diss Taylor Swift? What did West say that Swift and Taylor might have sex? Who wrote a series of apologetic tweets to Swift? What did West say he did not disseminate Taylor Swift? What was the name of the song that West wrote about Swift's stardom? What did Beck say he should have given his award to Beyoncé? What did West apologize to Beck on Twitter? What did Beck say he should have given his award to Beyoncé? What did West apologize to Beck on Twitter? When was West presented with the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award? What did West say he had decided to run for president in 2020? When was West presented with the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award? What was the largest unsuccessful petition to the Glastonbury Festival 2015? What did XYZ collect over 50,000 signatures for West's removal? What has been the largest unsuccessful petition to the Glastonbury Festival 2015? What was the largest unsuccessful petition to the Glastonbury Festival 2015? What did XYZ collect over 50,000 signatures for West's removal? Which couple became engaged in August 2006? Who began dating Kim Kardashian in April of 2012? Who began dating Kim Kardashian in April of 2012? Who ended their 18-month relationship with Alexis Phifer in 2008? Who ended their 18-month relationship with Alexis Phifer in 2008? Who ended their 18-month relationship with Alexis Phifer? Who began dating Kim Kardashian in April of 2012? Who began dating Kim Kardashian in April 2012? What has resulted in the couple's high status and career becoming subject to heavy media coverage? What did the Los Angeles County coroner's office say West died of heart disease? Who referred West to an internist to investigate her cardiac issue? What happened to Donda West? What did the Los Angeles County coroner's office say West died of heart disease? Who referred West to an internist to investigate her cardiac issue? What did Aboolian do to West's mother? What did Adams appear on Larry King Live on November 20, 2007? What was the final coroner's report that concluded that Donda West died of "coronary artery disease and multiple post-operative factors due to or as consequence of liposuction and mammoplasty"? Who had previously been under scrutiny by the medical board? Who had previously been under scrutiny by the medical board? What did Adams appear on Larry King Live on November 20, 2007? What was the final coroner's report that concluded that Donda West died of "coronary artery disease and multiple post-operative factors due to or as consequence of liposuction and mammoplasty"? What was the name of the funeral and burial for Donda West? What did West dedicate a performance of "Hey Mama" to his mother? What was the name of the funeral and burial for Donda West? What was the name of the funeral and burial for Donda West? Who performed "Hey Mama"? What did West dedicate a performance of "Hey Mama" to his mother? What did West say was like losing an arm and a leg and trying to walk through that? What did West say was like losing an arm and a leg and trying to walk through that? Who signed the Donda West Law? Who signed the Donda West Law? Who signed the Donda West Law? What did Robert "Evel" Knievel sue for trademark infringement in West's video? What did Knievel say he was a wonderful guy and quite a gentleman? What did Robert "Evel" Knievel sue for trademark infringement in West's video? What did Knievel claim infringement on West's trademarked name and likeness? What did Knievel say he was a wonderful guy and quite a gentleman? Who was released from the Los Angeles Police Department's Pacific Division station in Culver City on $20,000 bail bond? Who was released from the Los Angeles Police Department's Pacific Division station in Culver City? What did the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office say it would not file felony counts against West? Who was released from the Los Angeles Police Department's Pacific Division station in Culver City on $20,000 bail bond? Who was released from the Los Angeles Police Department's Pacific Division station in Culver City on $20,000 bail bond? Who was released from the Los Angeles Police Department's Pacific Division station in Culver City on $20,000 bail bond? Who was released from the Los Angeles Police Department's Pacific Division station in Culver City? Who was arrested again on November 14, 2008? Who was arrested again on November 14, 2008? Who was arrested again on November 14, 2008? Who was arrested again on November 14, 2008? Who asked West why people were not allowed to speak in his presence? What charges were reduced to misdemeanor criminal battery and attempted grand theft? Who asked West why people were not allowed to speak in his presence? When did West leave LAX? What was West sentenced to serve two years' probation for the misdemeanor battery conviction? What was the name of the man who grabbed West's camera? What did West refer to himself as a Christian during his concerts? What was the name of West's song "Jesus Walks"? What did West refer to himself as a Christian during his concerts? Who is the most critically acclaimed artist of the twenty-first century? Who compared West to David Bowie? Which AllMusic editor dubbed West the greatest hip hop artist of all time? Who compared West to David Bowie? Who dubbed West the greatest hip hop artist of all time? What was the name of the first rapper to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop? Who credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream? Who was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop? What was Rosie Swash's view of the sales competition as a historical moment in hip hop? What did Rolling Stone say West led a new wave of artists who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing? What did Elon Musk write for Time Magazine's 100 most influential people list? What did Elon Musk write for Time Magazine's 100 most influential people list? What has West sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States? What has West sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States? What has West sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States? What is Yeezus' sixth solo album in the U.S.? What has West sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States? What has West sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States? What has West sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States? What is Kanye West's ranking on the Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers list? Who ties with Bob Dylan for having topped the Pazz & Jop critic poll the most times ever? What has West been included twice in the Time 100 annual lists of the most influential people in the world? What is Kanye West's ranking on the Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers list? What was Kanye West's No. 1 "Hottest MC in the Game" list? What year was Kanye West voted the MTV Man of the Year by MTV? What year was Kanye West voted the MTV Man of the Year by Billboard? Who ties with Bob Dylan for having topped the Pazz & Jop critic poll the most times ever? What did Rolling Stone's 2012 list of "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" include? What did Rolling Stone's 2012 list of "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" include? Which online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? Which online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? Which online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? Which online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? What was Yeezus ranked in the third position in the Pitchfork online music publication's list of the 200 "best tracks" released since 2010? What has West been a frequent source of controversy and public scrutiny? What has West been a frequent source of controversy and public scrutiny? Who is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA? Who is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA? Who is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA? What is a nontheistic religion? What is a nontheistic religion? What is Gautama Buddha recognized as an awakened or enlightened teacher? What do Buddhists believe is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths? What do Buddhists believe is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths? What is a nontheistic religion? What is a nontheistic religion? What is Gautama Buddha recognized as an awakened or enlightened teacher? What is Gautama Buddha recognized as an awakened or enlightened teacher? What is a nontheistic religion? What is Gautama Buddha recognized as an awakened or enlightened teacher? What is Gautama Buddha recognized as an awakened or enlightened teacher? What is a nontheistic religion? What is Gautama Buddha recognized as an awakened or enlightened teacher? What is Gautama Buddha recognized as an awakened or enlightened teacher? What is a nontheistic religion? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia? What is Tibetan Buddhism practiced in the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia? How many Buddhists are in the world? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? What aspires to Buddhahood? What aspires to Buddhahood? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? What aspires to Buddhahood? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? What aspires to Buddhahood? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? What has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path? What are Ten Meritorious Deeds? What are Ten Meritorious Deeds? What are Ten Meritorious Deeds? What posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator? What are Ten Meritorious Deeds? What are Ten Meritorious Deeds? What narrative draws on the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada? What are some scholars hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life? What do most scholars accept that the Buddha lived, taught and founded a monastic order? What narrative draws on the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada? What do scholars hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life? What narrative draws on the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada? What narrative draws on the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada? What do most scholars accept that the Buddha lived, taught and founded a monastic order? What narrative draws on the Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada? Who wrote Karen Armstrong's biography of the Buddha? Who wrote Karen Armstrong's biography of the Buddha? What did Karen Armstrong say is difficult to write a biography of the Buddha? What did Karen Armstrong say about Siddhatta Gotama? What did Siddhatta Gotama say that his disciples preserved the memory of his life and teachings as well as they could? Who wrote Karen Armstrong's biography of the Buddha? What did Karen Armstrong say is difficult to write a biography of the Buddha? What did Karen Armstrong say about Siddhatta Gotama? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? What did the early texts suggest that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in? What did Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? What did Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? What did Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? What did Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? What did Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? What did Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? What did Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? What did Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? What did Asita prophesied Siddhartha become? Who was determined to see his son become a king? What did Gautama learn of the suffering of ordinary people? What prompted Gautama to abandon royal life and take up a spiritual quest? What prompted Gautama to abandon royal life and take up a spiritual quest? Who was determined to see his son become a king? What did Gautama learn of the suffering of ordinary people? What prompted Gautama to abandon royal life and take up a spiritual quest? What prompted Gautama to abandon royal life and take up a spiritual quest? Who was determined to see his son become a king? What did Gautama learn of the suffering of ordinary people? What prompted Gautama to abandon royal life and take up a spiritual quest? What prompted Gautama to abandon royal life and take up a spiritual quest? Who did Gautama first study with famous religious teachers of the day? What is the Middle Way? What type of asceticism did Gautama undergo? What is the Middle Way? What did Gautama undergo prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain? What did Gautama dedicate himself to anapanasati meditation? What is the Middle Way? What did Gautama try to do with meditative attainments? What did Gautama dedicate himself to anapanasati meditation? What is the Middle Way? What is the Middle Way? When Gautama was 35, he vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment? When Gautama was 35, he sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree called the Bodhi Tree? What was the name of the original fig tree in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka? What was the name of the original fig tree in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka? What is the name of the south branch of the original fig tree available only in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka? When Gautama was 35, he sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree called the Bodhi Tree? When Gautama was 35, he sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree called the Bodhi Tree? What was the name of the original fig tree in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka? When Gautama was 35, he sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree called the Bodhi Tree? When Gautama was 35, he sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree called the Bodhi Tree? When Gautama was 35, he sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree called the Bodhi Tree? What is the name of the south branch of the original fig tree available only in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka? What is samsara defined as? What is samsara characterized by dukkha? What is samsara characterized by dukkha? What does samsara mean? What is samsara characterized by dukkha? What is samsara characterized by dukkha? What is samsara characterized by dukkha? What is samsara possible by following the Buddhist path? What is samsara defined as? What is samsara characterized by dukkha? What is samsara characterized by dukkha? What is samsara characterized by dukkha? What is samsara possible by following the Buddhist path? What is the force that drives sasra? What is the force that drives sasra? What refers to the actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent? What refers to actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent? What is the force that drives sasra? What refers to the actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent? What refers to actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent? What refers to actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent? What is the force that drives sasra? What refers to the actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent? What refers to actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent? What does Vajrayana believe that the recitation of mantras can expunge great swathes of negative karma? What does Vajrayana believe that the recitation of mantras can expunge great swathes of negative karma? What does the Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin teach that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What does Vajrayana believe that the recitation of mantras can expunge great swathes of negative karma? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What does Vajrayana believe that the recitation of mantras can expunge great swathes of negative karma? What does Vajrayana believe that the recitation of mantras can expunge great swathes of negative karma? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What is a process where beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What does the doctrine of anatt reject the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul? What must be understood as the continuation of a dynamic, ever-changing process of prattyasamutpda? What is a process where beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What must be understood as the continuation of a dynamic, ever-changing process of prattyasamutpda? What is a process where beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What do Buddhists also refer to themselves as the believers of the anatta doctrine? What must be understood as the continuation of a dynamic, ever-changing process of prattyasamutpda? What does the doctrine of anatt reject the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul? What can only be attained by those who can meditate on the arpajhnas? What can only be attained by those who can meditate on the arpajhnas? What can only be achieved by those who can meditate on the arpajhnas? What are subdivided into 31 planes of existence? What can only be achieved by those who can meditate on the arpajhnas? What can be achieved by only those who can meditate on the arpajhnas? What can only be attained by those who can meditate on the arpajhnas? What can only be achieved by those who can meditate on the arpajhnas? What can only be achieved by those who can meditate on the arpajhnas? What can only be attained by those who can meditate on the arpajhnas? What can be achieved by only those who can meditate on the arpajhnas? What does Theravada believe there is an intermediate state between one life and the next? What does the orthodox Theravada position reject? What does the orthodox Theravada position reject? What does Theravada believe there is an intermediate state between one life and the next? What does the orthodox Theravada position reject? What does the orthodox Theravada position reject? What does Theravada believe there is an intermediate state between one life and the next? What does Theravada believe there is an intermediate state between one life and the next? What does the orthodox Theravada position reject? What does the orthodox Theravada position reject? What are the four truths regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? What are the four truths that explain the nature of dukkha? What are the four truths regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? What are the four truths that explain the nature of dukkha? What are the four truths regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? What are the four truths that explain the nature of dukkha? What is dukkha commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", etc? What is dukkha commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", etc.? What is dukkha commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", etc.? What are the three aspects of dukkha? What are the three aspects of dukkha? What is dukkha commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", etc.? What is dukkha commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness" and "unease"? What is dukkha commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", etc.? What is dukkha commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", etc.? What is the second truth that the origin of dukkha can be known? What is the root cause of dukkha? What is the third noble truth that the complete cessation of dukkha is possible? What is the third noble truth that the complete cessation of dukkha is possible? What is the root cause of dukkha? What is the root cause of dukkha? What is the root cause of dukkha? What is the second truth that the origin of dukkha can be known? What is the root cause of dukkha? What is the third noble truth that the complete cessation of dukkha is possible? What is the second truth that the origin of dukkha can be known? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What are the eight factors that lead to the cessation of dukkha? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What are the eight factors that lead to the cessation of dukkha? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? Who describes the path as a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other? What are the eight factors of the path not to be understood as stages? What are the eight important dimensions of one's behaviour that operate in dependence on one another? Who describes the path as a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other? What does Thich Nhat Hanh call the "Four Immeasurable Minds"? What does Pema Chödrön call the four limitless ones? What does Pema Chödrön call the four limitless ones? What is the best known form of meditation? What is the name of the four immeasurables? What does Pema Chödrön call the four limitless ones? What does Pema Chödrön call the four limitless ones? What does Pema Chödrön call the four limitless ones? What is one of the best known examples of mett or loving-kindness meditation? What is the best known form of meditation? What is an important guiding principle of Buddhist practice? What is an important guiding principle of Buddhist practice? What is an important guiding principle of Buddhist practice? What do some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study? What do some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study? What do some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study? What do some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study? What is the goal of the Buddhist path? What did the Buddha recommend viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence? What is the goal of the Buddhist path? What is the goal of the Buddhist path? What did the Buddha recommend viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence? What did the Buddha recommend viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence? What doctrine expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent? What doctrine asserts that attachment to things is futile and leads to suffering? What doctrine asserts that attachment to things is futile and leads to suffering? Everything we can experience through our senses is in constant flux, and so conditions and the thing itself are constantly changing? What are things constantly coming into being? What does the doctrine of impermanence say that life embodies this flux in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth, and in any experience of loss? What doctrine asserts that attachment to things is futile and leads to suffering? What is the term Suffering? What does the term "suffering" mean? What does "suffering" mean? What is a central concept in Buddhism? What does the term "suffering" mean? What does the term "suffering" mean? What is a central concept in Buddhism? What is the third mark of existence? What is the Nikayas anatta meant as an approach for gaining release from suffering? What did the Buddha reject both of the metaphysical assertions "I have a Self" and "I have no Self" as ontological views that bind one to suffering? What did the Buddha reject as ontological views that bind one to suffering? What is the third mark of existence? What is the Nikayas anatta meant as an approach for gaining release from suffering? What did the Buddha reject both of the metaphysical assertions "I have a Self" and "I have no Self" as ontological views that bind one to suffering? What did the Buddha reject as ontological views that bind one to suffering? What does the doctrine of prattyasamutpda state that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect? What does prattyasamutpda mean? What does the doctrine of prattyasamutpda state that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect? What is the best-known application of the concept of prattyasamutpda? What is the best-known application of the concept of prattyasamutpda? What is the best-known application of the concept of prattyasamutpda? What is the best-known application of the concept of prattyasamutpda? What do the Twelve Nidnas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? What do the Twelve Nidnas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What does Nirvana mean? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? What was Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy? What was Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy? What is Nagarjuna's school of thought known as the Mdhyamaka? What is Nagarjuna's school of thought known as the Mdhyamaka? What was reformulated by Vasubandhu and Asanga? What was reformulated by Vasubandhu and Asanga? What did Vasubandhu and Asanga assert that the mind and only the mind are ultimately real? What was reformulated by Vasubandhu and Asanga? What do Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight? What do Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight? What is the inseparability of clarity and emptiness of one's mind? What does the Jonang school refer to when adventitious obscurations are removed? What do Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight? What is arahant? What is arahant? What is arahant? What is a term used to describe the experience of Awakening of arahants? What was the meaning synonymous to nirvana? What was the meaning synonymous to nirvana? What was the meaning synonymous to nirvana? What is the meaning synonymous to nirvana? What does the arahant achieve bodhi and becomes a buddha? What does the bodhisattva achieve? What does the arahant achieve bodhi and becomes a buddha? What does the term parinirvana refer to? What is the name of a fully awakened being who purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance? What is the meaning of a Buddha? What is the meaning of a Buddha? What does the Pali Canon refer to many previous Buddhas? What is the common Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist belief that the next Buddha will be one named Maitreya? What does the Pali Canon refer to many previous Buddhas? What does Theravada doctrine mean that a person may awaken from the "sleep of ignorance"? What does Theravada doctrine mean that a person may awaken from the "sleep of ignorance"? What is the meaning of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion? What is anagami? What does the Buddha tend not to be viewed as merely human? What does the Buddha tend not to be viewed as merely human? What does the Buddha tend not to be viewed as merely human? What concept of nyat differs from Theravada? What concept of nyat differs from Theravada? What does Mahayana differ from Theravada in its concept of nyat? What does Mahayana differ from Theravada in its concept of nyat? What is the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism? What is the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism? What is the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism? What era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha? What is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha? What era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha? What era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha? What does A Theravada commentary say that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element? What commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element? What does Pure Land Buddhism hold that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path? What is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood? What term is used in relation to Gautama Buddha's previous existences? What text contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What text contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What text contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva? What is dna, la, kanti, vrya, dhyna, and praj? What is dna, la, kanti, vrya, dhyna, and praj? What is dna, la, kanti, vrya, dhyna, and praj? What is the famous saying of the 8th century Indian Buddhist scholar-saint Shantideva? What is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists? What is the main practice of devotion to the Buddha Amitabha? What is the most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas found in the early sermons of the Buddha? What is the most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas found in the early sermons of the Buddha? What is striking about the difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in early Brahminic texts? What is the difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in early Brahminic texts? What was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the Buddha? What is not to practice while defecating? What was indicated as a result of practice within and outside of the Buddhist fold? What is the name of the Buddha's meditative techniques? What was the original idea that ethics are causally related to the attainment of transcendent wisdom? What are the earliest describing meditation techniques? What are the earliest describing meditation techniques? How many Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liberation? What argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition? What does Wynne argue that the cosmological statements in the Upanishads reflect? What does Wynne argue that the Nasadiya Sukta contains evidence for a contemplative tradition? What is the first step in Buddhist schools? What is the name of the early text of the Majjhima Nikaya? What does the person who chooses the bodhisattva path make a vow or pledge? What are the Three Jewels perceived as having an eternal and immutable essence? What are the Three Jewels perceived as having an irreversible effect? According to the scriptures, what was Gautama Buddha's model? What does the Sangha provide a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and attainment of Nirvana? What is the Sangha considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha? What is an action committed through the body, speech, or mind? What refers to moral purity of thought, word, and deed? What does the Law of Karma say keeping the precepts is meritorious? What is the foundation of Samdhi/Bhvana? What does the Law of Karma say keeping the precepts is meritorious? What refers to overall principles of ethical behavior? What does sla mean? What do lay people do if they wish? What are the precepts not formulated as imperatives? What is nothing improper or un-Buddhist about limiting one's aims to attainment? What is nothing improper or un-Buddhist about limiting one's aims to attainment? What are the three additional precepts? What is the third precept on sexual misconduct made more strict? What can laypeople observe the complete list of ten precepts for short periods? What is the tenth of the seventh precept added to the list? What are the basic precepts for monastics? What are the basic precepts for monastics? What is the Patimokkha? What are the basic precepts for monastics? What are the monastic rules designed to provide a perfect springboard for higher attainments? What are the monastic rules designed to provide a perfect springboard for higher attainments? What are the monastic rules designed to provide a perfect springboard for higher attainments? What are the Monastics instructed to live as " islands unto themselves"? What has almost completely displaced the monastic vinaya? What has almost completely displaced the monastic vinaya? What has almost completely displaced the monastic vinaya? What type of meditation is more popular in Chinese Buddhism? What did the early texts suggest that at the time of the Buddha, many male and female lay practitioners did practice meditation? What is the primary means of cultivating samdhi? What is the primary means of cultivating samyak samdhi? What is the primary means of cultivating samyaksamdhi? What is jhna, Sanskrit dhyna? What is essential to the cultivation of mindfulness? What is essential to the cultivation of mindfulness? What type of meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea? What is jhna? When one is in jhana, all defilements are suppressed temporarily? When one is in jhana, all defilements are suppressed temporarily? When one is in jhana, all defilements are suppressed temporarily? When one is in jhana, all defilements are suppressed temporarily? When one is in jhana, all defilements are suppressed temporarily? What type of defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion? What is the cause of human existence and suffering identified as craving? What are defilements believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress? What is the ultimate goal of Theravadins? What is the name of the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi? What is the principal means of attaining nirva? What means wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi? When is praj attained at a conceptual level? What could one attain Nirvana at any point of practice? How is praj applied to daily life? What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures than other forms of Buddhism? What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures than other forms of Buddhism? What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures than other forms of Buddhism? What does Zen place less emphasis on scriptures than other forms of Buddhism? What is the name of the two main schools that are divided into Rinzai and St? What is the name of the two main schools that are divided into Rinzai and St? What kind of teaching is often full of paradox? What kind of teaching is often full of paradox? What kind of teaching is often full of paradox? What does Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism accept all the basic concepts of Mahyna? What is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana? What is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana? What is Tantric Buddhism largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices? What was a period of social and religious turmoil? What was a period of social and religious turmoil? What was a period of social and religious turmoil? What was a period of social and religious turmoil? What arose in Greater Magadha? What arose in Greater Magadha? What did other Vedic texts reveal a dislike of the people of Magadha? What did the Vedic tradition reflect in the Upanishads? What did the Ajivikas say the soul must be free from matter? Who emphasized the rule of fate? Who emphasized that the soul must be freed from matter? What was the name of the criticism of the Buddha? What did the Buddha mock the Vedic hymn of the cosmic man? What was the name of the Vedic rishis? What did the Buddha say he refused to pay respect to the Vedas of his time? What is one method to obtain information on the oldest core of Buddhism? Who notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight" is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36? What was Schmithausen's article on some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment'? What was Schmithausen's article on some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment'? Who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest Buddhism? Who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest Buddhism? Who agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention? Who agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention? What does the Mahsaccakasutta say the Buddha gained bodhi? What does the Mahsaccakasutta say the Buddha gained bodhi? What does the Mahsaccakasutta say the Buddha gained bodhi? What is the common term for the desired goal of Nibbna? What is the common term for the desired goal of Nibbna? What is the common term for the desired goal of Nibbna? According to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may have been as simple as the term "the middle way"? How did Vetter describe the Buddhist path? What did Bronkhorst and Anderson say the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism? What did Bronkhorst and Anderson say the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism? What did Gotama's teachings have been person al? What does K.R. Norman believe the three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences? What is the history of Indian Buddhism divided into five periods? What is the history of Indian Buddhism divided into five periods? What is the history of Indian Buddhism divided into five periods? What is the history of Indian Buddhism divided into five periods? What is the history of Indian Buddhism divided into five periods? What is the earliest phase of Buddhism? What do some scholars think Gautama Buddha must have taught? What do some scholars think Gautama Buddha must have taught? What was the purpose of the first Buddhist council? Who recited the monastic rules? Who recited the monastic rules? Who recited the monastic rules? When did the Sangha break into separate factions? When did the Sangha break into separate factions? What did the Dipavamsa of the Pli tradition place it in? What did the Dipavamsa say the losing party formed the Mahasanghika? What does the Dipavamsa say that the losing party formed the Mahasanghika? Who argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand the vinaya? What was the name of the school that caused schisms? What was the name of the school that caused schisms? What was the name of the school that caused schisms? What did each Sagha accumulate after the schisms? What do Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises? What are the Abhidharma texts generally claimed not to represent the words of the Buddha? What did scholars disagree on whether the Mahasanghika school had an Abhidhamma Pitaka? What have scholars suggested that the Prajpramit stras developed among the Mahyna stras? What have scholars suggested that the Prajpramit stras developed among the Mahyna stras? What is the name of the earliest Mahyna stras? What is the name of the earliest Mahyna stras? Who believes that the Mahyna originated in the south of India? Akira Hirakawa notes that many Early Mahayana scriptures originated in South India? Who notes the evidence suggests that many Early Mahayana scriptures originated in South India? What was Bodhisattvayna? What has Paul Williams noted that the Mahyna never attempted to have a separate Vinaya or ordination lineage from the early schools of Buddhism? What did Chinese monks know that both Mahyna and non-Mahyna monks often lived in the same monasteries side by side? What does Lokakema say about the origins of Mahyna? What did Lokakema first propagate Mahyna texts into China? What is the name of the earliest Mahyna stras? What is the name of the earliest Mahyna stras? What were the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana? What were the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana? What were the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana? What may have spread slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka? What did Ashoka's support lead to the construction of more stpas? What did Ashoka's support lead to the construction of more stpas? What is a matter of disagreement among scholars whether or not these emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist missionaries? What is a matter of disagreement among scholars whether or not these emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist missionaries? What is a matter of disagreement among scholars whether or not these emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist missionaries? What is one example of a syncretistic development that can be seen in the development of the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhra? What was Menander immortalized in the Buddhist canon? What school spread north to Kashmir, Gandhara and Bactria? What school spread north to Kashmir, Gandhara and Bactria? What is the name of the first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China? When did Mahayana Sutras spread to China? When did Mahayana Sutras spread to China? When did Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia? What are China and India starting to fund Buddhist shrines in various Asian countries? What type of membership is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels? What type of membership is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels? What are Buddhists in Asia often well organized and well funded? What new forms of Buddhism depart from traditional beliefs and practices? What did the Dalit Buddhist movement emerge during the second half of the 20th Century? What did the Dalit Buddhist movement emerge during the second half of the 20th Century? What is the name of the largest lay Buddhist movement in the world? What is the name of the largest lay Buddhist movement in the world? What is the name of the largest lay Buddhist movement in the world? What is the name of the largest lay Buddhist movement in the world? How many people practice Buddhism in the 2010s? What country has the largest population of Buddhists? What country has the largest population of Buddhists? How many Buddhists are found outside of Asia? How many Buddhists are found outside of Asia? How many Buddhists are found outside of Asia? What did Johnson and Grim say there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries? What did Johnson and Grim say there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries? What did Johnson and Grim say there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries? What is the name of the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged? What term is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged? What does each tradition have its own core concepts? What are the concepts common to both major Buddhist branches? What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school? What is the name of Theravada? Who portrayed the Pali Canon as the original version of scripture? What is the growing presence of Theravda in the west? Who believe personal effort is required to realize rebirth? What can Monks perform good actions? What was the name of the Nland University in north-eastern India? What did some of the Mahayana Sutras become for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself? What did some of the Mahayana Sutras become for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself? What did some of the Mahayana Sutras become for Mahayanists a manifestation of the Buddha himself? What type of Buddhism is practiced in China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and most of Vietnam? What is the name of the strands of Eastern Buddhism? What is the most widely practised form of Buddhism? What did the Majusrimulakalpa become classified under Kriyatantra? What is the name of the group that prescribes acting as a Saiva guru and initiating members into Saiva Siddhanta scriptures and mandalas? What is a work associated with the Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra? What type of texts are written in Pli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese? What types of texts are written in Pli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese? What does Buddhism have no central text that is universally referred to by all traditions? What do Tibetan Buddhists say there is no universally accepted common core? What have some scholars referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions? What has been seen by some as presenting barriers to the wider understanding of Buddhist philosophy? When was the Dhammapada championed as a unifying scripture? What has been done to synthesize a single Buddhist text? What were condensed'study texts' created in the Theravada tradition? Who collected a sample of Buddhist scriptures into his 'Buddhist Bible'? What did Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempt to create a single, combined document of Buddhist principles? What refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka? What refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka? What refers to the Vinaya Pitaka? What refers to the Vinaya Pitaka? What refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka? What is the name of the only early Tipitaka to survive intact in its original language? How many pitakas did some early schools of Buddhism have? What was the goal of the Buddhist council? What was the goal of the council to record the Buddha's teachings? Who was called upon to recite the dhamma? What was the basis of the Tripitaka? What was the basis of the Tripitaka? What is the name of the collection of teachings that the Canon preserved from the early, non-sectarian body of teachings? What does Peter Harvey say the Theravadins do not appear to have tampered with what they already had from an earlier period? What type of scriptures are the Mahayana sutras? What type of scriptures are the Mahayana sutras? What do some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings and the Mahayana sutras as authentic teachings of Gautama Buddha? What do the Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper doctrines? What is the name of the Mahayana sutra? What do the Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper doctrines? Why were the Mahayana sutras preserved in non-human worlds? Why were the Mahayana sutras preserved in non-human worlds? According to Mahayana tradition, the Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret, came from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, or were preserved in non-human worlds because human beings at the time could not understand them? How many Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit? What does East Asian Buddhism recognize Mahayana sutras as of Chinese rather than Indian origin? What did the Mahayana sutras appear to be the only ones that are patronized and supported? What were the Mahayana sutras not universally accepted among Indian Buddhists when they appeared? What does the Theravada school do not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon? What is the name of the Theravada school that does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon? What is the name of the Theravada school that does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon? Who has argued that the term Hinayana was used to refer to whoever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion? Who has argued that the term rvakayna was used to refer to whoever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion? What has allowed Buddhism to peacefully coexist with different beliefs, customs and institutions in countries where it has resided throughout its history? What does Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way provide a unique guideline for ethics? What has been compared to modern scientific thought? What has been compared to modern scientific thought? How has the Buddhist concept of dependent origination been compared to modern scientific thought? What are differences of opinion on the question of whether or not Buddhism should be considered a religion? What are differences of opinion on the question of whether or not Buddhism should be considered a religion? What is the name of the series that began airing on Fox in 2002? What is the name of the series that began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002? What did American Idol begin airing on Fox on June 11, 2002? How did American Idol begin airing on Fox on June 11, 2002? How did American Idol begin airing on Fox on June 11, 2002? What is the name of the series that began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002? How did American Idol begin airing on Fox on June 11, 2002? What is the name of the series that began airing on Fox in 2002? What is the name of the series that began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002? What did American Idol begin airing on Fox on June 11, 2002? How did American Idol begin airing on Fox on June 11, 2002? Who was the original judges of American Idol? What was the name of the judging panel for American Idol? What was the name of the judging panel for American Idol? What was the name of the judging panel for American Idol? What was the name of the judging panel for American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? What was the name of the judging panel for American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the original judges of American Idol? Who was the judging panel for the most recent season of American Idol? What was the name of the judging panel for the most recent season of American Idol? What has American Idol become a springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars? What has American Idol become a springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars? What has become a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars? What has American Idol become a springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars? What has American Idol become a springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars? What has American Idol become a springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars? What has American Idol become a springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars? What has American Idol become a springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars? What has become a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars? What did the popularity of American Idol decline? What did the popularity of American Idol decline? What did the popularity of American Idol decline? What did the popularity of American Idol decline? What did the popularity of American Idol decline? What was the name of the British show Pop Idol created by Nigel Lythgoe? What was the name of the British show Pop Idol created by Nigel Lythgoe? What was the success of American Idol? What was the success of American Idol? Who helped bring American Idol over to Britain? What was the name of the British show Pop Idol created by Nigel Lythgoe? Who helped bring American Idol over to Britain? What did Fuller add to American Idol? What was the success of American Idol? Who helped bring American Idol over to Britain? What was the most-watched show in the U.S. by 2004? What was the name of the American Idol: The Search for a Superstar? What did Fuller, Cowell, and Simon Jones try to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States? What was the name of the American Idol: The Search for a Superstar? What was the name of the American Idol: The Search for a Superstar? What was the name of the American Idol: The Search for a Superstar? What did The show decide to continue with the three judges format until season eight? What did the show originally plan on having four judges following the Pop Idol format? What did the show decide to continue with the three judges format until season eight? What was the name of the fourth judge chosen by the show? What did the show originally plan on having four judges following the Pop Idol format? What was the name of the fourth judge chosen by the show? What did the show decide to continue with the three judges format until season eight? What did The show decide to continue with the three judges format until season eight? What was Kara DioGuardi's fourth judge? What did Ellen DeGeneres replace Paula Abdul? Who left the show before season ten? Who was the only judge from season 12 to return in season 13? Who did Simon Cowell leave the show to introduce The X Factor to the USA in 2011? What was Kara DioGuardi's fourth judge? Who left the show before season nine? Who was the only judge from season 12 to return in season 13? What did Ellen DeGeneres replace Paula Abdul? Who left the show before season ten? In season four, six, nine, and fourteen, how were guest judges used? In season four, six, nine, and fourteen, how were guest judges used? In season four, six, nine, and fourteen, how were guest judges used? In season four, six, nine, and fourteen, how were guest judges used? In season four, six, nine, and fourteen, how were guest judges used? In season four, six, nine, and fourteen, how were guest judges used? In season four, six, nine, and fourteen, how were guest judges used? In season four, six, nine, and fourteen, how were guest judges used? Who was the sole emcee of the show? Who was the sole emcee of the show? Who was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons? Who was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons? What was Jimmy Iovine the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons? Who was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons? Who was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons? Who was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons? What is the age limit for contestants? What was the initial age limit for contestants in season four? What must contestants be legal U.S. residents? How many cuts do contestants go through? What is the only audition stage shown on television? What is the only audition stage shown on television? What is the only audition stage shown on television? How many cuts do contestants go through? What is the first stage of a short audition with a few other contestants in front of selectors? How many people in each city may make it to Hollywood? In season seven, the group round was eliminated and contestants may skip a second solo round and move directly to the final Hollywood round? In season two and three, contestants were asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round? How many rounds did the contestants perform in the first round? In season twelve, the executive producers split up the females and males and chose the members to form the groups in the group round? How many rounds did the contestants perform in the first round? When did the contestants perform individually or in groups in a series of rounds? In season two and three, contestants were asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round? How many contestants are selected to move on to the semi-final stage? How did the Las Vegas round become a Sudden Death round? How did the Las Vegas round become a Sudden Death round? How many text messages were sent to American Idol in season ten? How many votes were cast in the first season? How are the votes counted and verified by Telescope Inc? What is a toll-free telephone number displayed on the screen during the contestant's performance? How many votes were cast in the first season? How many votes were cast in the first season? In season two and three, how many contestants made the finals? In season one, only one wildcard contestant was chosen by the judges? In season two and three, how many contestants made the finals? How many contestants were selected in season two and three? In season two and three, where were the top three contestants from each group making the finals? In season two and three, how many contestants made the finals? In season two and three, how many judges championed one contestant? How were the twenty-four semi-finalists divided by gender in order to ensure equal gender division in the top twelve? How were the twenty-four semi-finalists divided by gender in order to ensure equal gender division in the top twelve? What did the men and women sing separately on consecutive nights? What did the men and women sing separately on consecutive nights? How were the twenty-four semi-finalists divided by gender? How did the girls and boys perform on separate nights? How did the girls and boys perform on separate nights? In season ten and eleven, five of each gender were chosen and three wildcards were chosen by the judges to form a final 13? In season thirteen, how many semifinalists were chosen by the judges to form a final 13? How did the girls and boys perform on separate nights? How did the girls and boys perform on separate nights? How did the girls and boys perform on separate nights? In season thirteen, the top twenty semifinalists were split into gender groups, with five of each gender advancing to form a final 13? What are the finals broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles? What was Jimmy Iovine brought in as a mentor for the season? How long did the finals last? How long did the finals last? What are the finals broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles? What was Jimmy Iovine brought in as a mentor for the season? How long did the finals last? What is the name of the song that the contestants sing each week? How can the judges overturn viewers' decision with a "Judges' Save"? What can only be used once in the eighth, ninth, tenth, and fourteenth seasons? What happens to the contestant with the lowest number of votes? In season six, how many contestants were sent home? When was the "Fan Save" introduced? What is a five-minute window to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination during the finals? What was the name of the show that was introduced in the 14th season? What is a five-minute window to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination during the finals? What is a five-minute window to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination during the finals? What was the venue at the Nokia Theatre? What was the last episode of season two? What was the last episode of the season? What was the last episode of the season that was broadcast from the Dolby Theatre? What was the last episode of season two? What was the audience capacity of the Gibson Amphitheatre? What was the venue at the Nokia Theatre? What does the winner receive a record deal with a major label? What did Clive Davis sign the winner in the 14th season? Who signed the winner for three months after the season's finale? What does the winner receive a record deal with a major label? What does the winner receive a record deal with a major label? What did Clive Davis sign the winner in the 14th season? What happens to a successful contestant who receives a golden ticket to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood? What happens to a successful contestant who receives a golden ticket to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood? How are the contestants voted for by the viewing public? What may contestants perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards? What did Rickey Minor lead the American Idol band? What type of assistance may be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers to contestants behind the scene? What did Rickey Minor lead the American Idol band? What did Rickey Minor lead the American Idol band? What did Rickey Minor lead the American Idol band? What may contestants perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards? What was the first season of American Idol co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman? What was the first season of American Idol co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman? Who co-hosted American Idol? What was the first season of American Idol co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman? What was the first season of American Idol co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman? Who co-hosted American Idol? How many contestants were selected during the audition rounds? How many contestants were selected during the audition rounds? Who was the first openly gay contestant on the show? What was Christina Christian hospitalized before the top six result show? Who was the first openly gay contestant on the show? How many contestants were selected during the audition rounds? What was Delano Cagnolatti disqualified for lying to evade the show's age limit? What was Delano Cagnolatti disqualified for lying to evade the show's age limit? What was Christina Christian hospitalized before the top six result show? Who was the first openly gay contestant on the show? What was Kelly Clarkson not thought of as a contender? What was the final showdown between Justin Guarini and Kelly Clarkson? What was Kelly Clarkson not thought of as a contender? What was the final showdown between Justin Guarini and Kelly Clarkson? What was the final showdown between Justin Guarini and Kelly Clarkson? What was Kelly Clarkson not thought of as a contender? What was Guarini's record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? Who has become the most successful Idol contestant internationally? What has Clarkson become the most successful Idol contestant internationally? What was Guarini's record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? What was the name of the song that Clarkson performed during the finale? What was Guarini's record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? What was Guarini's record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? Who has become the most successful Idol contestant internationally? What has Clarkson become the most successful Idol contestant internationally? What happened to the second season of season one? Who was a correspondent for this season? What happened to the second season of season one? Who was a correspondent for this season? Who was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record? How many semi-finalists were disqualified during the finals? Who was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record? How many semi-finalists were disqualified during the finals? Who was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record? How many semi-finalists were disqualified during the finals? How many semi-finalists were disqualified during the finals? Who beat Clay Aiken by a small margin? What was the result of Ruben Studdard's win over Clay Aiken? Who beat Clay Aiken by a small margin? What was the result of Ruben Studdard's win over Clay Aiken? What did Nigel Lythgoe say Aiken had led the fan voting from the wildcard week onward until the finale? Who beat Clay Aiken by a small margin? Who beat Clay Aiken by a small margin? What was the result of Ruben Studdard's win over Clay Aiken? What was the result of Ruben Studdard's win over Clay Aiken? Who beat Clay Aiken by a small margin? What was Josh Gracin's success after the show? What did Josh Gracin do as a country singer? What was Josh Gracin's success after the show? What was Josh Gracin's success after the show? What was Josh Gracin's success after the show? What was Josh Gracin's success after the show? What did Josh Gracin do as a country singer? What was William Hung's performance of Ricky Martin's "She Bangs"? Who was William Hung the third best-selling singer from that season? Who was William Hung the third best-selling singer from that season? What was William Hung's performance of Ricky Martin's "She Bangs"? Who was William Hung the third best-selling singer from that season? Who was William Hung the third best-selling singer from that season? What did Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson do? What did Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson do? Who called the results of the votes "incredibly racist"? What did Elton John call the results of the votes "incredibly racist?" What did Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson do? What did Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson do? Who called the results of the votes "incredibly racist"? What did Elton John call the results of the votes "incredibly racist?" Who was the last two Idol contestants to win an Academy Award and a Grammy? Who was the only Idol contestant to win both an Academy Award and a Grammy? Who was the only Idol contestant to win both an Academy Award and a Grammy? Who was the last two finalists in the Idol contest? What were the last two Idol finalists? Who was the last two Idol contestants to win an Academy Award and a Grammy? What were the last two finalists for "Summertime"? Who was the only Idol contestant to win both an Academy Award and a Grammy? What was the name of the top 12 finalists for Freemantle Media? What was the name of the top 12 finalists for Freemantle Media? Who sued Freemantle Media for wrongful termination? Who sued Freemantle Media for wrongful termination? During the top 11 week, what was the result postponed until the following night? What was the result night postponed until the following night? Who released the coronation song "Inside Your Heaven"? What is the name of the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S.? Who was the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S.? Who released the coronation song "Inside Your Heaven"? Who released the coronation song "Inside Your Heaven"? Who released the coronation song "Inside Your Heaven"? Who was the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S.? What is the name of the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S.? What was the highest-rated season in the show's run so far? What were the Brittenum twins disqualified for identity theft? What was the highest-rated season in the show's run so far? What was the highest-rated season in the show's run so far? What were the Brittenum twins disqualified for identity theft? What was Fuel's performance of "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" widely praised? What was Fuel's performance of "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" widely praised? What was Fuel's performance of "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" widely praised? What was Fuel's performance of "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" widely praised? What was Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "I Walk the Line" widely praised? What was Fuel's performance of "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" widely praised? What was Chris Daughtry's performance of Live's version of I Walk the Line criticized for not crediting to Live? What was Chris Daughtry's performance of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" criticized for not crediting to Live? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? How did Chris Daughtry become the most successful recording artist from this season? How did Chris Daughtry become the most successful recording artist from this season? How did Chris Daughtry become the most successful recording artist from this season? How did Chris Daughtry become the most successful recording artist from this season? When did Season six premiere? How many viewers watched Season six? When did Season six premiere? How many viewers watched Season six? What was Sanjaya Malakar's most talked-about contestant? What was Sanjaya Malakar's most talked-about contestant? What was Sanjaya Malakar's most talked-about contestant? When was Sanjaya Malakar voted off? What was Sanjaya Malakar's most talked-about contestant? What was Sanjaya Malakar's most talked-about contestant? What was Sanjaya Malakar's most talked-about contestant? What was Sanjaya Malakar's most talked-about contestant? What was Sanjaya Malakar's most talked-about contestant? When was Sanjaya Malakar voted off? What was the first Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event? What was the first Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event? Who was eliminated in the final three of the Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event? What was the first Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event? Melinda Doolittle was eliminated in the final three of the Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event? Who was eliminated in the final three of the Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event? Who was the runner-up for the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up for the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up for the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up for the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up for the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up for the May 23 season finale? What was the first season of Season four to be aired in high definition? What was the age limit raised to 28 in this season? What was the age limit raised to 28 in this season? What was the first season of Season four to be aired in high definition? What was the first season of Season four to be aired in high definition? What was the first season of Season four to be aired in high definition? What was the first season of Season four to be aired in high definition? What was the age limit raised to 28 in this season? What was the age limit raised to 28 in this season? What was the winning song "This Is My Now" performed by both finalists? What was the winning song "This Is My Now" performed by both finalists during the finale? What was the winning song "This Is My Now" performed by both finalists? What did the American Idol Songwriter contest allow fans to vote for? What did the American Idol Songwriter contest allow fans to vote for? How many original songs were submitted to the American Idol Songwriter contest? What was the winning song "This Is My Now" performed by both finalists during the finale? What was the winning song "This Is My Now" performed by both finalists? Which season premiered on January 15, 2008? Which contestant attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper? What did the media focus on the professional status of the season seven contestants? Which season premiered on January 15, 2008? Which contestant attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper? What did the media focus on the professional status of the season seven contestants? What did the media focus on the professional status of the season seven contestants? Who praised David Cook's performance of Billie Jean? Who performed "Billie Jean" on top-ten night? Who praised David Cook's performance of "Billie Jean"? Who praised David Cook's performance of "Billie Jean"? Who praised David Cook's performance of "Billie Jean"? Who praised David Cook's performance of "Billie Jean"? Who performed "Billie Jean" on top-ten night? Who performed John Lennon's "Imagine"? What was Jennifer Lopez's performance of "Hallelujah" considered a beautiful song-moment that she will never forget? What was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes? What was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes? What was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes? Who called it a beautiful song-moment that Jennifer Lopez will never forget? Who was brought in as a judge in season ten? Who performed "Hallelujah"? What was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes? What was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes? Who was the first rocker to win the show? Who was the first rocker to win the show? Who was the first rocker to win the show? Who was the first rocker to win the show? What song was released on May 22, 2008? What contest was also held this season? What was the winning song "The Time of My Life" recorded by David Cook? What song was released on May 22, 2008? What was the winning song "The Time of My Life" recorded by David Cook? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? What did Mike Darnell say that the season would focus more on the contestants' personal life? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? Who was the president of alternative programming for Fox? What did Mike Darnell say that the season would focus more on the contestants' personal life? What was the first major change to the judging panel? What was canceled for this season due to the global recession? What was the first major change to the judging panel? What was canceled for this season due to the global recession? What was canceled for this season due to the global recession? What was the first major change to the judging panel? What was the first major change to the judging panel? What was the first major change to the judging panel? What was canceled for this season due to the global recession? What was canceled for this season due to the global recession? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai were eliminated? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? What were Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai eliminated? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai were eliminated? Who won the most controversial voting result since season two? Who won the most controversial voting result since season two? What was the most controversial voting result since season two? What was the most controversial voting result since season two? Who won the most controversial voting result since season two? What was the most controversial voting result since season two? What was the most controversial voting result since season two? What was the reason AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes? Who released the coronation song No Boundaries? Who released the coronation song "No Boundaries"? Who released the coronation song No Boundaries? Who released the coronation song "No Boundaries"? What is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve platinum album status in the U.S.? What is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve platinum album status in the U.S.? What episode of Season nine premiered on January 12, 2010? Who replaced Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week? Who did Ellen DeGeneres join as a judge to replace Paula Abdul? What episode of Season nine premiered on January 12, 2010? Who replaced Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week? Who replaced Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week? Who did Ellen DeGeneres join as a judge to replace Paula Abdul? Who fell ill on the morning of the girls performance night? What did Crystal Bowersox fall ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? Who fell ill on the morning of the girls performance night? Who fell ill on the morning of the girls performance night? Who fell ill on the morning of the girls performance night? What did Crystal Bowersox fall ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? What did Crystal Bowersox fall ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? What did Crystal Bowersox fall ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? What was Adam Lambert invited back to be a mentor? Who raised $45 million for Idol Gives Back? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? What was Adam Lambert invited back to be a mentor? What was the name of the special tribute to Simon Cowell? What was the name of the special tribute to Simon Cowell? What was the name of the special tribute to Simon Cowell? How many figures from the show's past made an appearance? What was Lee DeWyze declared the winner during the May 26 finale? What is the first season where neither finalist achieved significant album sales? What was Lee DeWyze declared the winner during the May 26 finale? What was Lee DeWyze declared the winner during the May 26 finale? What is the first season where neither finalist achieved significant album sales? What is the first season where neither finalist achieved significant album sales? What was the first season of The X Factor? What was the first season of The X Factor? Who acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors? Who acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors? Who acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors? What was the first season of The X Factor? Who acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors? Who acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors? Who acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors? Which season was the first to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace? Which season was the first to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace? Which season was the first to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace? Which season was the first to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace? Which season was the first to include online auditions where contestants could submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace? Who was cut in the Top 40 round? Who was cut in the Top 40 round? Who missed the Top 11 result show? Who missed the Top 11 result show? Who was cut in the Top 40 round? Who was cut in the Top 40 round? Who missed the Top 11 result show? Who missed the Top 11 result show? Who missed the Top 11 result show? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? What did some former Idol contestants criticize about Pia Toscano's elimination? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? What did some former Idol contestants criticize about Pia Toscano's elimination? Who won the 2011 American Idol competition? Who won the 2011 American Idol competition? What was McCreery's debut album? What was McCreery's debut album? What was McCreery's debut album? Who won American Idol? Who won the 2011 American Idol competition? What was McCreery's debut album? What season did Jermaine Jones join the Top 24? Who was disqualified in 12th place for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants? Who was disqualified in 12th place for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants? What season did Jermaine Jones join the Top 24? Who was disqualified in 12th place for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants? What did Jones deny he concealed his arrests? What did Jones deny he concealed his arrests? What was Phillip Phillips reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run? What was Phillip Phillips reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run? What was Phillip Phillips reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run? What was Phillip Phillips reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run? What was Phillip Phillips reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run? What was Phillip Phillips reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run? Who was the first female recipient of the save? Who was the first female recipient of the save? What season did Colton Dixon receive the first female recipient of the save? What season did Colton Dixon receive the first female recipient of the save? Who was the first female recipient of the save? Who was the first female recipient of the save? What season did Colton Dixon receive the first female recipient of the save? What was the name of the season five finalist Ace Young? What was the name of the season five finalist Ace Young? What was the name of the season five finalist Ace Young? Who was the winner of the season five finalist Ace Young? What was the name of the season five finalist Ace Young? What was the name of the season five finalist Ace Young? Who released "Home" as his coronation song? Who released "Home" as his coronation song? Who released "Home" as his coronation song? Who released "Home" as his coronation song? Who released "Home" as his coronation song? Which season did Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler leave the show after two seasons? Who left Season 12 after two seasons? What did TMZ leak a video of the dispute between Minaj and Minaj? Which season did Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler leave the show after two seasons? What was the first season since season nine to have four judges on the panel? What was the first time the judges' "save" was not used? What was the first time the judges' "save" was not used? What was the first time the judges' "save" was not used? What was the first time the judges' "save" was not used? What was the first time the judges' "save" was not used? What was the first time the judges' "save" was not used? Who is the first female to win American Idol? Who is the first female to win American Idol? Who released "I Am Beautiful" as a single? Who released "I Am Beautiful" as a single? Who is the first female to win American Idol? Who is the first female to win American Idol? Who released "I Am Beautiful" as a single? Who released "I Am Beautiful" as a single? Who sold poorly with Glover's debut album? What did Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj decide to leave after one season to focus on their music careers? What did Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj decide to leave after one season to focus on their music careers? What did Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj decide to leave after one season to focus on their music careers? What did Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj decide to leave after one season to focus on their music careers? Randy Jackson and Keith Urban returned to the judging panel on January 15, 2014? What did Randy Jackson and Keith Urban return to the judging panel? Who left the judging panel after one season? Bill DeRonde replaced Warwick as a director of the audition episodes? Randy Jackson and Keith Urban returned to the judging panel on January 15, 2014? Who left the judging panel after one season? Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick were replaced as executive producers by Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic and Evan Pragger? Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick were replaced as executive producers by Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic and Evan Pragger? Bill DeRonde replaced Nigel Lythgoe as a director of the audition episodes? What was Sam Woolf saved from elimination by the judges? What was the 500th episode of the Top 3 performance night? What was the first season where contestants were allowed to perform in the final rounds? What was Sam Woolf saved from elimination by the judges? In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but was saved from elimination by the judges? What was the 500th episode of the Top 3 performance night? Who released "As Long as You Love Me" as his coronation single? Who released "As Long as You Love Me" as his coronation single? What song did Caleb Johnson release as Long as You Love Me? Who released "As Long as You Love Me" as his coronation single? Who released "As Long as You Love Me" as his coronation single? Who released "As Long as You Love Me" as his coronation single? What song did Caleb Johnson release as Long as You Love Me? Who released "As Long as You Love Me" as his coronation single? Which season did Ryan Seacrest return to host? Who returned to host the 14th season? Who did Randy Jackson not return as the in-house mentor for this season? Who returned to host the 14th season? Who didn't return as the in-house mentor for this season? Which season did Ryan Seacrest return to host? Who did Randy Jackson not return as the in-house mentor for this season? What did Coca Cola end their longtime sponsorship of the show? What did Coca Cola end their longtime sponsorship of the show? What did Coca Cola end their longtime sponsorship of the show? What did the winner of the season receive a recording contract with Big Machine Records? What did Coca Cola end their longtime sponsorship of the show? What did Coca Cola end their longtime sponsorship of the show? What did Coca Cola end their longtime sponsorship of the show? What did the winner of the season receive a recording contract with Big Machine Records? Who was the first winner from the Northeast region? Who was the first winner from the Northeast region? Who released a single called forcefield? Who released "Forcefield" as his coronation single? Who released a single called Forcefield? Who was the first winner from the Northeast region? Who was the first winner from the Northeast region? Who released "Forcefield" as his coronation single? Who released "Beautiful Life" as his coronation single? Who released a single called forcefield? Who announced that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? Who announced that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? Who announced on May 11, 201 5 that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? Who returns as host of American Idol? Who returns as host of American Idol? Who announced that the fifteenth season would be the final season of American Idol? Who returns as host of American Idol? What did an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of the Idol show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States? What has Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry come from? What has Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry come from? What have a large number of other notable finalists hailed from the Southern United States? What have a large number of other notable finalists hailed from the Southern United States? What has Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry come from? What have a large number of other notable finalists hailed from the American South? What did Nielsen's data show that 85 percent of the CDs sold by Idol contestants were by contestants with ties to the American South? What was Nielsen's data from Nielsen SoundScan? What did Nielsen's data show that 85 percent of the CDs sold by Idol contestants were by contestants with ties to the American South? What did Nielsen's data show that 85 percent of the CDs sold by Idol contestants were by contestants with ties to the American South? What does Taylor Hicks say people in the South have a lot of pride? What does Taylor Hicks say people in the South have a lot of pride? What are some theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol? What are some theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol? What does Taylor Hicks say people in the South have a lot of pride? What was the name of the title given to a white male who plays the guitar? What did Richard Rushfield say was the winner of the book American Idol: The Untold Story? What did Richard Rushfield say was the winner of the book American Idol: The Untold Story? What did Richard Rushfield say was the winner of the book American Idol: The Untold Story? What did Richard Rushfield say was the winner of the book American Idol: The Untold Story? What was the name of the title given to a white male who plays the guitar? What was the name of Richard Rushfield's book American Idol: The Untold Story? What did Richard Rushfield say was the winner of the book American Idol: The Untold Story? What was the reason 19 Entertainment had to sign a contract that gave excessive control over their future career? What caused controversy in season two? What caused controversy in season two? What have concerns about power voting been expressed from the very first season? What caused controversy in season two? What caused controversy in season two? What did Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? What have concerns about power voting been expressed from the very first season? When did Vote for the Girls start? What have concerns about power voting been expressed from the very first season? What is the name of the charity event that has raised nearly $185 million in total? Idol Gives Back is a charity event that has raised nearly $185 million in total? What is the name of the charity event that has raised nearly $185 million in total? What is the name of the charity event that has raised nearly $185 million in total? What was the name of the summer hit show that drew 9.9 million viewers? What was the best viewing figure for American Idol in over a year? What was the top age group on American Idol? What was the name of the summer hit show that drew 9.9 million viewers? What was the name of the summer hit show that drew 9.9 million viewers? What was the best viewing figure for American Idol in over a year? What was the top age group on American Idol? How did the season of American Idol grow? What was the highest-rated American Idol episode in the 18-49 age group? What did Ruben Studdard win over Clay Aiken? What was the highest-rated season of American Idol? What was the highest-rated season of American Idol? How did the season of American Idol grow? What was the highest-rated American Idol episode in the 18-49 age group? What was the highest-rated season of American Idol? What was the most watched episode of The Cosby Show? What was the most watched episode of The Cosby Show? What was the show dubbed the Death Star? What was the name of the show that was dubbed "the Death Star"? What was the most watched episode of The Cosby Show? What was the show dubbed the Death Star? What did Season six show a drop in viewership over the course of the season? What was the first season of Season six? What did the loss of viewers continue into season seven? What was the overall ratings for season six down 10% from season six? What did the loss of viewers continue into season seven? What did the ratings rebound for the season seven finale? What did the loss of viewers continue into season seven? What did Fox become the most watched TV network in the country for the first time since its inception? What was the overall ratings for season six down 10% from season six? What was NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics? What did American Idol finish its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running? How did Idol finish its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running? How did Idol finish its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running? How did Idol finish its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running? How did Idol finish its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running? What was the median age of the season in the 2010-11 season? What was the median age of the season in the 2010-11 season? What was the median age of the season in the 2010-11 season? What was the median age of the season in the 2010-11 season? What did American Idol lose for the first time in eight years? What did American Idol lose for the first time in eight years? What did American Idol lose for the first time in eight years? What was the drop in viewers in season 12? What was the drop in viewers in season 12? How did American Idol lose its Top 10 position in Nielsen ratings? What was the drop in viewers in season 12? What was the drop in viewers in season 12? What was the last season of American Idol? What was the lowest-rated season finale ever? What did Fox announce that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last? What did Fox announce that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last? What was the lowest-rated season finale ever? Who became the most watched non-scripted primetime television series for almost a decade? What did the show push Fox to become the number one U.S. TV network? What did the show push Fox to become the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18-49? What did the show push Fox to become the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18-49? What did Simon Fuller claim Fox "saved Fox"? What was Dancing with the Stars and So You Think You Can Dance? What did Dancing with the Stars and So You Think You Can Dance do? How did American Idol help create a number of highly successful recording artists? How did American Idol help create a number of highly successful recording artists? How did American Idol help create a number of highly successful recording artists? How many American Idol alumni had success on the Billboard charts? How did the American Idol alumni have a massive impact on radio? What did Kelly Clarkson lead the field with over four million radio spins? How many American Idol alumni had success on the Billboard charts? What did Fred Bronson say American Idol alumni have a massive impact on radio? What did Kelly Clarkson lead the field with over four million radio spins? What did Kelly Clarkson lead the field with over four million radio spins? How many American Idol alumni have amassed in 2013? How many American Idol alumni have amassed in 2013? How many American Idol alumni have amassed in 2013? How many American Idol alumni have amassed in 2013? What type of alumni have gone on to work in television and films? What type of alumni have gone on to work in television and films? What has been noted and commented on the striking effect of former American Idol contestants on Broadway? What type of alumni have gone on to work in television and films? What type of alumni have gone on to work in television and films? What is the name of Jennifer Hudson's performance in Dreamgirls? Who considered that "As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining"? What did Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post say American Idol is a conniving multimedia monster? Who considered that "As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining"? Who considered that "As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining"? What did some critics think American Idol was a "sadistic musical bake-off"? What did Lisa de Moraes of The Washington Post say American Idol is a conniving multimedia monster? What did Sheryl Crow think Idol is a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today's music business? What did some critics say Idol has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him? What did John Mayer say the contestants were not real artists with self-respect? What did some critics say Idol has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him? Who suggested that Idol "undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism"? Who suggested that Idol has "reshaped the American songbook"? What did some critics say Idol has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him? What did John Mayer say the contestants were not real artists with self-respect? Who said that there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs? Who commented on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who commented on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who said that American Idol made it seem "so easy that everyone can do it," and that "television is a lie"? Who commented on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who commented on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who commented on Carrie Underwood winning Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who said that there have been some good acts but the only way to sustain a career is to pay your dues in small clubs? What is the impact of Idol alumni in the country genre? What is the impact of Idol alumni in the country genre? Who won the People's Choice Award? Who won the People's Choice Award? Who won the People's Choice Award? What was the Governor's Award for in 2007? Who won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series? Who won the People's Choice Award? What was American Idol estimated to generate $900 million for the year 2004? What puts the total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American at $6.4 billion? Who partnered with Disney in its theme park attraction The American Idol Experience? What was American Idol estimated to generate $900 million for the year 2004? Who partnered with Disney in its theme park attraction The American Idol Experience? What was American Idol's ad price in season seven? What was American Idol's ad price in season seven? What did American Idol lose in 2014? What did American Idol's ad prices reach a peak in season seven? What was American Idol's ad price in season seven? What did American Idol earn more than its nearest competitor? What was the cost of the sponsorship deal between Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola? What was the cost of the sponsorship deal between Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola? Who sponsored American Idol since season seven? Who sponsored American Idol since season seven? Who sponsored American Idol since season seven? What was the cost of the sponsorship deal between Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola? What was the cost of the sponsorship deal between Ford Motor Company and Coca-Cola? Who sponsored American Idol since season seven? What did American Idol do to promote AT&T text-messaging as a means to vote? How many product placements did American Idol show in season six? What did the Los Angeles Times call "missing one of the biggest marketing opportunities in a generation"? What did PepsiCo sponsor in hopes of not repeating its Idol mistake until its cancellation? What did the Los Angeles Times call "missing one of the biggest marketing opportunities in a generation"? What did PepsiCo sponsor in hopes of not repeating its Idol mistake until its cancellation? What did the Los Angeles Times call "missing one of the biggest marketing opportunities in a generation"? What was the most successful season five tour? Who was a sponsor of the season nine tour? What was Kellogg's Pop-Tarts the sponsor for the first seven seasons? Who was the sponsor of the season nine tour? Who was a sponsor of the season nine tour? What was the most successful season five tour? What was the name of the weekly studio recordings released during the season? What was the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program? What was the name of the weekly studio recordings released during the season? What is the name of the studio recordings released by American Idol for the first five seasons? What was the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program? What was the top ten in Billboard 200? What was the name of the weekly studio recordings released during the season? What company currently holds the rights to phonographic material recorded by all the contestants? What was the name of the company that partnered with American Idol? What company originally partnered with BMG to promote and distribute the recordings? What company currently holds the rights to phonographic material recorded by all the contestants? What company currently holds the rights to phonographic material recorded by all the contestants? What company originally partnered with BMG to promote and distribute the recordings? What was the name of the joint venture that BMG partnered with in 2005-2007? What was the name of the company that partnered with American Idol? When did The Walt Disney Company debut "The American Idol Experience"? When did The Walt Disney Company debut "The American Idol Experience"? When did the American Idol Experience close? What did the Walt Disney Company perform on a stage in a 1000-seat theater replicating the Idol set? When did The Walt Disney Company debut "The American Idol Experience"? When did The Walt Disney Company debut "The American Idol Experience"? What was the name of the winner of the finals show? When did the American Idol Experience close? How is American Idol broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States? Who dropped American Idol after its thirteenth season? What did Yes TV announce that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? What did Yes TV announce that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? How is American Idol broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States? Who dropped American Idol after its thirteenth season? What did Yes TV announce that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? What was the twelfth season broadcast by La3? How many episodes are aired in the United Kingdom after the U.S. broadcast on ITV2? What is STAR World broadcast every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after its United States telecast? How many hours after the United States telecast is STAR World broadcast in southeast Asia? What is STAR World broadcast every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after its United States telecast? What was the twelfth season broadcast by La3? What type of contestants have been disqualified for their past actions? What does American Idol hold the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings? What does American Idol hold the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings? Canis lupus familiaris is a domesticated canid that has been selectively bred for millennia? Canis lupus familiaris is a domesticated canid that has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes? Canis lupus familiaris is a domesticated canid that has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes? Canis lupus familiaris is a domesticated canid that has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes? What has allowed dogs to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species? What has allowed dogs to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species? What has allowed dogs to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species? What has allowed dogs to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species? What has allowed dogs to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species? What has given dogs the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world? What has given dogs the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world? What are dogs a source of meat in some cultures? What does the term "domestic dog" possibly derive from? What does the term dog ultimately derive from? What is the term "domestic dog"? What does the term dog ultimately derive from? What was the name of the general word for all domestic canines? What was the general word for all domestic canines? What was the term "hound" derived from? What was the name of the general word for all domestic canines? What was the term "hound" derived from? What was the term "hound" derived from? What is the Proto-Indo-European word for hound? What is a group of offspring called? What is the name of the father of a litter? What is the process of birth whelping? What is the process of birth whelping? What is a group of offspring called? What is a group of offspring called? What is the name of the father of a litter? What is the name of the father of a litter? What is the name of the father of a litter? What is the process of birth whelping? What is a Latin word for Canis? What is a Latin word for Canis? What is a Latin word for Canis? What did Linnaeus call the wolf Canis lupus? What was the name of the first edition of Mammal Species of the World? What is a Latin word for Canis? What did Linnaeus call the wolf Canis lupus? What did Linnaeus call the wolf Canis lupus? What did Linnaeus propose that Canis dingo be regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog? What was the name of the first edition of Mammal Species of the World? What did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? What did the third edition of Mammal Species of the World uphold in 2005? What does the ICZN say canis familiaris is sometimes used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate? What did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? What does the ICZN say canis familiaris is sometimes used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate? What did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? What did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species? What did genetic studies support forming two sister monophyletic clades within one species? What did genetic studies support forming two sister monophyletic clades within one species? What imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists? What is the name of the dog breed that is close to the Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture? What imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists? What imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists? What is the name of the dog breed that is close to the Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture? What type of dog breeds are predators and scavengers? What are predators and scavengers? What are predators and scavengers? What are predators and scavengers? What are predators and scavengers? What are predators and scavengers? What are predators and scavengers? What type of dog was the largest known adult dog? What was the tallest dog at the shoulder? What was the tallest dog at the shoulder? What are the coats of domestic dogs of two varieties? What are the coats of domestic dogs of two varieties? What are the coats of domestic dogs of two varieties? What are the coats of domestic dogs of two varieties? What do domestic dogs display the remnants of countershading? What does a countershaded animal have dark coloring on its upper surfaces? What do domestic dogs display the remnants of countershading? What does a countershaded animal have dark coloring on its upper surfaces? What does a countershaded animal have dark coloring on its upper surfaces? What is one of the primary functions of a dog's tail? What is one of the primary functions of a dog's tail? What is one of the primary functions of a dog's tail? What are some breeds of dogs prone to? What are some breeds of dogs susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites? What are pyometra and bloat? What are pyometra and bloat? What are some breeds of dogs susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites? What are some common human foods and household ingestibles toxic to dogs? What are some common human foods and household ingestibles toxic to dogs? What are some common human foods and household ingestibles toxic to dogs? What are some common human foods and household ingestibles toxic to dogs? What are some common human foods and household ingestibles toxic to dogs? What can be dangerous to dogs by scavenging in garbage or ashtrays? What is toxic to dogs because the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical? What did a study find that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds? The heavier the dog, the shorter its lifespan? What did a study find that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds? What did a study find that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds? What does the average lifespan of dogs vary widely among breeds? What is the Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the name of the longest-lived breed? What is the name of the longest-lived dog? What was Pusuke's age? What is the name of the longest-lived dog? What is the name of the longest-lived dog? What is the name of the longest-lived dog? What was Pusuke's age? What is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle? What happens when females are receptive to copulation? What is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle? What is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? What refers to sterilization of animals? What does the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered? What refers to sterilization of animals? What refers to sterilization of animals? What refers to sterilization of animals? What refers to sterilization of animals? What does the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered? What reduces problems caused by hypersexuality in male dogs? What does neutering increase the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs? What causes urinary incontinence in female dogs? What does neutering increase the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs? What does neutering increase the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs? What did Rico learn from the labels of over 200 different items? How are dogs able to read and react appropriately to human body language? What are dogs able to read and react appropriately to human body language? What did a study show that Australian dingos can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving experiment? What do modern domestic dogs use humans to solve their problems for them? What is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems? What did Rico learn from the labels of over 200 different items? What is the name of a border collie, "Chaser," who knew the labels of over 200 different items? How are dogs able to read and react appropriately to human body language? What is the name of the oldest domesticated species? What has uncovered a surprising set of social-cognitive abilities in the otherwise humble domestic dog? What are the social-cognitive skills of human children? What has uncovered a surprising set of social-cognitive abilities in the otherwise humble domestic dog? What has uncovered a surprising set of social-cognitive abilities in the otherwise humble domestic dog? What is the internal coordinated responses of the domestic dog to internal and/or external stimuli? What has uncovered a surprising set of social-cognitive abilities in the otherwise humble domestic dog? What are the social-cognitive skills of human children? What type of communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other? What do humans communicate with dogs by using vocalization, hand signals and body posture? How do humans communicate with dogs by using vocalization, hand signals and body posture? What do humans communicate with dogs by using vocalization, hand signals and body posture? What is the difference between domesticated dogs and domesticated dogs? What is the result of atrophy of the jaw muscles? How are domesticated dogs distinguishable from wolves? What is the result of atrophy of the jaw muscles? What was the result of natural evolution? What did a study find that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs? What were the results of a study that found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs? What has been shown to have an impact on the catecholamine synthesis pathway? What are some of the genes that have been associated with aggression in some dog breeds? What were dogs initially selected for their behaviors? What was the result of natural evolution? What did a study find that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs? What are some of the genes that have been associated with aggression in some dog breeds? What is the global dog population estimated at 525 million :225? What is the global dog population estimated at 525 million :225? What is the global dog population estimated at 525 million:225? How can large wild dogs be killed in territory disputes with wild animals? What have wolves displayed an uncharacteristic fearless ness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs? How can large wild dogs be killed in territory disputes with wild animals? How can large wild dogs be killed in territory disputes with wild animals? What does Croatia say wolves kill dogs more frequently than they kill sheep? What is the name of the area where wolves kill dogs more frequently than sheep? What species of hyenas have been known to kill and eat dogs? What are the major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What are alligators and pythons known to kill and eat dogs? What species of leopards are known to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards? What are the major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What are alligators and pythons known to kill and eat dogs? What are the major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What type of dog is not dependent on meat-specific protein or a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements? What type of food can dogs consume in their diet? What type of diet does a dog have? What type of dog is not dependent on meat-specific protein or a very high level of protein in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements? What type of diet does a dog have? What do dogs have adaptations in genes involved in starch digestion that contribute to an increased ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet? What type of breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old? What type of breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old? How has the dog developed into hundreds of varied breeds? What is common for most breeds to shed a coat? What type of breeds of dog are at most a few hundred years old? How has the dog developed into hundreds of varied breeds? What is common for most breeds to shed a coat? What are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics? What are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics? What are non-scientific classifications of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs? What are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics? What are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics? What are non-scientific classifications of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs? What type of dogs are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds? What are the four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct? What are the "old world dogs"? What are the four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct? What are the four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct? What are the " old world dogs"? What are the four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct? What behavior did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? How many pages did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? How many pages did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? What behavior did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? What was the name of the dog's value to early human hunter-gatherers? What is the name of a dog that is a source of meat in some cultures? What has given the dogs the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world? What are dogs a source of meat in some cultures? What would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps? What was the name of the three dog night? What is the term for "three dog night"? What would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps? What was the name of the three dog night? What do Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt? What do Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt? What do Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt? What do Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt? What type of animal did the Athabascan population have? What type of animal did the Athabascan population have? What type of animal did the Athabascan population have? What type of animal was an important part of life for the Athabascan population in North America? What type of animal did the Apache and Navajo tribes migrate 1,400 years ago? What type of animal did the Apache and Navajo tribes migrate to North America? What did the use of dogs as pack animals often persist after the introduction of the horse to North America? What did the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month-old puppy be found buried together? What is the most widespread form of interspecies bonding between humans and dogs? What did the number of pets in the 1950s and 1960s increase after World War II? What has changed the role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians? In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today? What is the most widespread form of interspecies bonding between humans and dogs? In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today? What has changed the role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians? What has been the first trend in the changing status of pet dogs? What have been two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs? What has been a major trend in the changing status of pet dogs? What has been the first trend in the changing status of pet dogs? What trend has been the broadening of the concept of the family and the home to include dogs-as-dogs in everyday routines and practices? What is a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion? How did the process of commodifying a pet dog continue? How did the process of commodifying a pet dog continue? How did the process of commodifying a pet dog continue? How did the process of commodifying a pet dog continue? How did the process of commodifying a pet dog continue? What is a dominance model of dog-human relationships promoted by some dog trainers? What is a dominance model of dog-human relationships promoted by some dog trainers? What is a dominance model of dog-human relationships promoted by some dog trainers? What has been disputed that "trying to achieve status" is characteristic of dog-human interactions? What did a study of dogs' roles in families show many dogs have set tasks or routines? What did a study of dogs' roles in families show many dogs have set tasks or routines? What type of activities are centered on the needs and interests of the dog? What did a study of dogs' roles in families show many dogs have set tasks or routines? What did a study of dogs' roles in families show many dogs have set tasks or routines? What is the estimated number of people with pet dogs in the United States? What is the estimated number of people with pet dogs in the United States? What does the latest study using magnetic resonance imaging give dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds? What does the latest study using magnetic resonance imaging give dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds? What does the latest study using magnetic resonance imaging give dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds? What gives dogs the ability to recognize emotion al human sounds? What does MRI give dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds? What does magnetic resonance imaging give dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds? What have dogs been bred for herding livestock, hunting, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pulling loads? What has Laika become the first animal to orbit the Earth? What has Laika become the first animal to orbit the Earth? What was the name of the first husky-terrier mix to orbit the Earth? What was the name of the first husky-terrier mix to orbit the Earth? What have dogs been bred for herding livestock, hunting, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pulling loads? What is the name of the husky-terrier mix that Laika became the first animal to orbit the Earth? What has Laika become the first animal to orbit the Earth? What was the name of the first husky-terrier mix to orbit the Earth? What was the name of the first husky-terrier mix to orbit the Earth? What type of service dogs are shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an imminent seizure? What type of dogs have been shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an impending seizure? What does a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluate individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard? What does a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluate individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard? What does a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluate individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard? What does the breed standard only deal with externally observable qualities of the dog? What does the breed standard only deal with externally observable qualities of the dog? What does a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluate individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard? What does the breed standard only deal with externally observable qualities of the dog? What is not part of the judging in conformation shows? How many dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year? What do Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures consider consumption of dog meat as taboo? What type of meat is also consumed in some parts of Switzerland? What argument is that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is western hypocrisy? What do Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures consider consumption of dog meat as taboo? What type of meat is also consumed in some parts of Switzerland? What is the most popular Korean dog dish? What is the most popular Korean dog dish? What is the most popular Korean dog dish? What is the most popular Korean dog dish? What is the most popular Korean dog dish? What is the most popular Korean dog dish? In what year did the Center for Disease Control estimate that 4.5 million people in the US are bitten by dogs? What percentage of dog bites are from the pet of family or friends? What percentage of dog bites are from the pet of family or friends? In what year did the Center for Disease Control estimate that 4.5 million people in the US are bitten by dogs? What percentage of dog bites are from the pet of family or friends? What study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults? What is the incidence of dog bites in the US? What is the incidence of dog bites in the US? What is a higher chance of being bitten in the face or neck? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections? What study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults? What is the incidence of dog bites in the US? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections? In the United States, cats and dogs are a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year? What study found that while dog involvement in road traffic accidents was difficult to quantify, dog-associated road accidents involving injury more commonly involved two-wheeled vehicles? What study found that while dog involvement in road traffic accidents was difficult to quantify, dog-associated road accidents involving injury more commonly involved two-wheeled vehicles? What can cause toxocariasis? What can cause toxocariasis? How many cases of Toxocara canis eggs are reported in the United States each year? What can cause retinal damage and decreased vision? What can cause toxocariasis? How many cases of Toxocara canis eggs are reported in the United States each year? How many cases of Toxocara canis eggs are reported in the United States each year? What can cause retinal damage and decreased vision? What can cause retinal damage and decreased vision? What paper states that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, a reduced use of general practitioner services, or any psychological or physical benefits on health for community dwelling older people? What research has pointed to significantly less absenteeism from school through sickness among children who live with pets? What paper states that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, a reduced use of general practitioner services, or any psychological or physical benefits on health for community dwelling older people? What does the results provide evidence that keeping pets may have positive effects on human health and behaviour? What does the results provide evidence that keeping pets may have positive effects on human health and behaviour? What health benefits are gained from exposure to immune-stimulating microorganisms? What did one study show that wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when they are accompanied by a dog? What study found that wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when they are accompanied by a dog? What are the health benefits of dogs? What study found wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with strangers when they are accompanied by a dog? What has shown that animal-assisted therapy can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? What research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? What study showed that children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals showed increased attendance? What has shown that animal-assisted therapy can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? What has shown that animal-assisted therapy can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? What has shown that animal-assisted therapy can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? What research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? What type of dog can detect odour in one part per trillion? How can medical detection dogs detect odour in one part per trillion? How can medical detection dogs detect odour in one part per trillion? How can medical detection dogs detect odour in one part per trillion? What award did Daisy receive for her life-saving skills? What does Garmr guard the gates of Hades? What is Cerberus a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades? What type of dog guards the Chinvat Bridge? Who guards the Chinvat Bridge? Who guards the Chinvat Bridge? In Persian mythology, two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge? What does Garmr guard the gates of Hades? What type of dog guards the Chinvat Bridge? Who guards the Chinvat Bridge? Who guards the Chinvat Bridge? What is the name of the watch dogs found in and out of the Muthappan Temple? What is the name of the watch dogs that are said to watch over the gates of Naraka? What type of dog figurines are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple? What is the name of the watch dogs that are said to watch over the gates of Naraka? What is the name of the watch dog? What is the name of the hunt dog found in and out of the Muthappan Temple? What type of dog figurines are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple? What did Hasan Küçük call for dog ownership to be made illegal in the city? What did Hasan Küçük call for dog ownership to be made illegal in the city? What group lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods? What is required to wear leather dog booties when searching mosques or Muslim homes? What did Hasan Küçük call for dog ownership to be made illegal in the city? What group lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods? What group lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods? What is required to wear leather dog booties when searching mosques or Muslim homes? In Christianity, dogs represent faithfulness? What does Jewish law require Jews to feed dogs before themselves? What does Jewish law require Jews to feed dogs before themselves? In Christianity, dogs represent faithfulness? What is the role of the dog in Chinese mythology? What is the role of the dog in Chinese mythology? What is the role of the dog in Chinese mythology? What cultural depictions of dogs in art extend back thousands of years to when dogs were portrayed on the walls of caves? How were Hunting scenes popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? How did the relationships between human and canine develop? How were Hunting scenes popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? What became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved and the relationships between human and canine developed? What type of dog is also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans? What breed is incapable of mounting the female? What type of dogs live their lives as scavengers? What type of dogs live their lives as scavengers? What type of research has focused on pet dogs living in human homes? What would have benefited from humans' upright gait that gives them greater range over which to see potential predators and prey? What did the cohabitation of dogs and humans have greatly improved the chances of survival for early human groups? What has been criticised for being poorly controlled? What have studies shown that people who keep pet dogs or cats exhibit better mental and physical health than non-guardians? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since 1936? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since 1936? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since 1936? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since 1936? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since 1936? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since 1936? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since 1936? What was the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since 1936? When did the torch travel to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens? When did the torch travel to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens? What did the torch follow from Beijing? What route did the torch pass through six continents? What has the torch visited cities along the Silk Road? When did the torch travel to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens? When did the torch travel to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens? When did the torch travel to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens? What was the name of the torch that has visited cities along the Silk Road? What was the name of the relay that included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest? Why was the torch relay extinguished by Chinese security officials during the Paris leg? Why was the torch relay extinguished by Chinese security officials during the Paris leg? What was the cause of the torch relay protests? What did Chinese security officials extinguish the torch relay during the Paris leg? What were the attacks on the torch in London and Paris described as "despicable" by the Chinese government? What were the skirmishes between protesters and supporters reported? What were the skirmishes between protesters and supporters reported? What were the skirmishes between protesters and supporters reported? How many skirmishes were reported between protesters and supporters? How many protests were visible in the Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia legs of the torch relay? What did Rogge stop short of cancelling the relay altogether? What did Rogge stop short of cancelling the relay altogether? What influenced the decision of the IOC to scrap global relays in future editions of the games? What did Rogge stop short of cancelling the relay altogether? What did Rogge stop short of cancelling the relay altogether? What did Rogge stop short of cancelling the relay altogether? What influenced the decision of the IOC to scrap global relays in future editions of the games? When did the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announce that the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled? When did the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announce that the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled? What is the name of the Torch that is made from aluminum? What is the name of the Olympic Torch? What is the weight of the Olympic Torch? What is the ignition key used to ignite and extinguish the flame? What is the name of the Torch that is made from aluminum? What is the name of the Olympic Torch? How is the Olympic Torch designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour winds? What is the weight of the Olympic Torch? What is the purpose of the Olympic Torch? Who was chosen as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008? Who was chosen as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008? Who was chosen as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008? How long did the Air China Airbus A330 travel? Who was chosen as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008? Who was chosen as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008? Who was chosen as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008? How long did the Air China Airbus A330 travel? How long did the Air China Airbus A330 travel? What did the route carry the torch through six continents from March 2008 to August 2008? What did Beijing and Taipei agree on? What did the Beijing Organizing Committee attempt to continue negotiations? What did the route carry the torch through six continents from March 2008 to August 2008? What did the Beijing Organizing Committee attempt to continue negotiations? What did the Beijing Organizing Committee attempt to continue negotiations? What was the anthem of the Republic of China along? Who ignited the torch of the first torchbearer? What was the name of the torchbearer? How did Maria Nafpliotou ignite the torch of the first torchbearer? How did Maria Nafpliotou ignite the torch of the first torchbearer? What was the name of the torchbearer that was handed over to the organizers of the Beijing games? What was the name of the torchbearer? How did Maria Nafpliotou ignite the torch of the first torchbearer? How did Maria Nafpliotou ignite the torch of the first torchbearer? How did Maria Nafpliotou ignite the torch of the first torchbearer? How did protests in Nepal continue? What did the Chinese call to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products? What did the Chinese call to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products? What did some protesters in Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan do? What group of Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour? What did the Chinese call to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products? What did Chinese protesters attempt to "calm the situation" through censorship? What did the Chinese call to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products? What did the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express their patriotic enthusiasm? What did the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express their patriotic enthusiasm? What did the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express their patriotic enthusiasm? What was Kazakhstan's first torchbearer? What was Kazakhstan's first torchbearer? What was Kazakhstan's first torchbearer? What was the route from Medeo stadium to Astana Square? What were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China? What was the name of the first torchbearer in Almaty? What was Kazakhstan's first torchbearer? What was the route from Medeo stadium to Astana Square? What were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China? What did Uyghurs protest at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? What did Uyghurs protest at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? What did Uyghurs protest at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? Who protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? What did Uyghurs protest at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? What did Uyghurs protest at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? What happened to the torch relay leg in Istanbul? Who protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? What was the name of the protesters who tried to disrupt the torch relay leg in Istanbul? What country was the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame? What was the length of the Olympic torch relay route in Saint Petersburg? What was the length of the Olympic torch relay route in Saint Petersburg? Who was the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame? What country was the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame? What was the length of the Olympic torch relay route in Saint Petersburg? What was the name of the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame? Who was the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame? What country did the torch relay leg take a total of seven and a half hours to complete? What country did the torch relay leg take a total of seven and a half hours to complete? What did the Metropolitan police briefing paper reveal that security for the torch relay cost £750,000? What country did the torch relay leg take a total of seven and a half hours to complete? What is the name of the torch relay leg held in London? What country did the torch relay leg take a total of seven and a half hours to complete? What has Jacqui Smith complained about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards? What did the London Mayor and Lord Coe describe as "thugs"? Who refused to carry the torch? Who refused to carry the torch? Who refused to carry the torch? What did Norman Baker say was a mobile protective ring? Who refused to carry the torch? Who refused to carry the torch? Who refused to carry the torch? What did Norman Baker say was a mobile protective ring? How did a demonstrator attempt to snatch the torch from Konnie Huq? What country did the torch relay begin on April 7? What country did the torch relay begin on April 7? What did Paris City officials announce plans to greet the torch with peaceful protest? Who extinguished the torch despite the fact that there was no risk? What country did the torch relay begin on April 7? What country did the torch relay begin on April 7? What country did the torch relay begin on April 7? How many French police protected the torch relay as it departed from the Eiffel Tower? What did the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs deny the torch relay? Who canceled the torch relay ceremony? What was the name of the third torchbearer in the Paris leg? What did ethnic Chinese praise as Angel in Wheelchair? Who canceled the torch relay ceremony? What was the name of the third torchbearer in the Paris leg? What did ethnic Chinese praise as Angel in Wheelchair? Who canceled the torch relay ceremony? Who organised several symbolic protests? Who organised several symbolic protests? Who organised several symbolic protests? Who organised several symbolic protests? Who organised several symbolic protests? Who organised several symbolic protests? How many pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? What was the name of the President of the French Tibetan community? How many pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro? How many pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? What political party requested a pause in the National Assembly's session? What political party requested a pause in the National Assembly's session? What was the name of the torch that drove past the National Assembly? Who organised a protest in the National Assembly? What political party requested a pause in the National Assembly's session? What political party requested a pause in the National Assembly's session? What was the name of the torch that drove past the National Assembly? Who criticised the police for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators? What newspaper Libération said the Tibetan flag was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro? What did the Minister of the Interior say was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro? What did Michèle Alliot-Marie say the police had not been ordered to do so? Who criticised the police for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators? What was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro? What did Michèle Alliot-Marie say the police had not been ordered to do so? What happened to a cameraman for France 2? What country did the torch relay take place on April 9? What country did the torch relay take place on April 9? What was the name of the first torchbearer? What did the torchbearer's scheduled closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza be cancelled? Who was the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee? What country did the torch relay take place on April 9? What was the name of the torch relay in San Francisco? What was the name of the first torchbearer in the U.S. Olympic Committee? What did the torchbearer's scheduled closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza be cancelled? When did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? What did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco? What did Richard Gere and Desmond Tutu do on April 8? When did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? When did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? What did Richard Gere and Desmond Tutu do on April 8? What did Richard Gere and Desmond Tutu do on April 8? What was the name of the two banners that were unfurled in the Golden Gate Bridge? What did Laurel Sutherlin say he was worried that the torch's route would lead to more arrests? What had China already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened? What was the name of the two banners that were unfurled in the Golden Gate Bridge? What did Laurel Sutherlin say he was worried that the torch's route would lead to more arrests? Who faces charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance? What was the name of the two banners that were unfurled in the Golden Gate Bridge? What happened to the torch relay? What did two torchbearers do during the torch relay? What did two torchbearers do during the torch relay? What did San Jose Mercury News call the "deceiving" event a game of where's Waldo? What did San Jose Mercury News call the "deceiving" event a game of where's Waldo? When did the torch resurface? What did Carlos Espnola give the torch to the first torchbearer? What did Carlos Espnola give the torch to the first torchbearer? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? What did Carlos Espnola give the torch to the first torchbearer? What did Carlos Espnola give the torch to the first torchbearer? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? What did Carlos Espnola give the torch to the first torchbearer? What did people showered the parade route with confetti? What did Jorge Carcavallo say we will not put out the Olympic torch? What did protesters display on the torch route? What did the NGO 'Human Rights Torch Relay' want to show the contradiction between the Olympic Games and the presence of widespread human rights violations in China? What did Argentine activists say they would not try to snuff out the Olympic torch? What did protesters display on the torch route? What did the NGO 'Human Rights Torch Relay' want to show the contradiction between the Olympic Games and the presence of widespread human rights violations in China? What did the NGO 'Human Rights Torch Relay' want to show the contradiction between the Olympic Games and the presence of widespread human rights violations in China? What was the objective of the NGO to show the contradiction between the Olympic Games and the presence of widespread human rights violations in China? Who is the communications director of "Friends of Falun Gong"? Who funded the Friends of Falun Gong? What happened to the relay relay in Buenos Aires? What did the city government design a security operative to protect the relay? What did the protests take place in Buenos Aires? Who funded the Friends of Falun Gong? What happened to the relay relay in Buenos Aires? What did the city government design a security operative to protect the relay? What did the protests take place in Buenos Aires? What did the protests take place in Buenos Aires? Where was the torch's only stop in Africa? What was the name of the torch's only stop in Africa? What was the name of the torch's only stop in Africa? Where was the torch's only stop in Africa? What was the name of the torch's only stop in Africa? What was the name of the torch's only stop in Africa? What was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s? What was Wangari Maathai's withdrawal from the list of torchbearers? What was Muscat's only stop in the Middle East? What was Muscat's only stop in the Middle East? Who was one of the torchbearers? What was Muscat's only stop in the Middle East? How long was Sultanate of Oman's relay covered? Who was one of the torchbearers? Who spoke at the opening ceremony of the torch relay? What was the first time the torch was carried around Islamabad? Who spoke at the opening ceremony of the torch relay? Who spoke at the opening ceremony of the torch relay? What happened to the torch relay in Pakistan? What country did the torch relay conclude at the India Gate? What country did the torch relay conclude at the India Gate? Who is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch? What were the five intended torchbearers? What country did the torch relay conclude at the India Gate? What country did the torch relay conclude at the India Gate? What country did the torch relay conclude at the India Gate? What were the five intended torchbearers? Who is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch? What did the Chinese intelligence say would be 'vulnerable' to protesters? What did the Indian media report that Kamal Nath cancelled an official trip to Beijing? What did the Indian media report that Kamal Nath cancelled an official trip to Beijing? What did the Indian media report that Kamal Nath cancelled an official trip to Beijing? What did the Indian media respond to the news that the ambassador was summoned to the Foreign Ministry at 2 am local time? What did the Chinese intelligence say would be 'vulnerable' to protesters? What was the name of the Indian ambassador to Beijing? What country rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000 -strong Tibetan exile community? What did Indian officials refuse permission to the "Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit"? What country rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's Tibetan exile community? What country rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000 -strong Tibetan exile community? What did Indian officials refuse permission to the "Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit"? What did Indian officials refuse permission to the Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit? What is the combined effect of a "rapid deterioration" of relations between India and China? What did the Tibetan government in exile say they did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay? Who refused to participate in the Olympic torch relay? Who refused to participate in the Olympic torch relay? When did Soha Ali Khan pull out of the Olympic torch relay? What did the police break up on April 16? Who refused to participate in the Olympic torch relay? When did Soha Ali Khan pull out of the Olympic torch relay? What happened on April 16 in Delhi? What happened on April 16 in Delhi? Who refused to participate in the Olympic torch relay? What was Thailand's first visit to Thailand? What was the name of the Green World Foundation chairwoman who withdrew from the torch-running ceremony? What did students tell the media that the Chinese Embassy gave them shirts to wear? What was Thailand's first visit to Thailand? What was the name of the first relay in Thailand? Who threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from entering Thailand? What did Narissara Chakrabongse boycott the April 18 relay? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? What was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? How many personnel were expected to be deployed on the day of the relay? How many personnel were expected to be deployed on the day of the relay? What did the Chinese take away placards from two other Malaysians protesting at the relay? What was one of the protesting Malaysians hit in the head? What was one of the protesting Malaysians hit in the head? What was the name of the Olympic flame that reached Jakarta on April 22? How many pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium? What happened outside the stadium? When did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? How many pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium? How many pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium? What event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium? What did the protests take place outside the stadium? When was the Olympic flame presented to Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea? When was the Olympic flame presented to Agnes Shea? What was the message stick offered to the Ngunnawal people as a gift of peace and welcome? What was the cause of a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants? When was the Olympic flame presented to Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea? When was the Olympic flame presented to Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea? When was the Olympic flame presented to Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea? What did the Australian Federal Police keep apart? When was the Olympic flame presented to Agnes Shea? What was the rumor that China requested permission to deploy People's Liberation Army personnel to protect the flame in Canberra? Who has been given powers to search relay spectators? Who said the ACCO would be taking "thousands" of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra? Who said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view"? What was the rumor that China requested permission to deploy People's Liberation Army personnel to protect the flame in Canberra? Who has been given powers to search relay spectators? Who said the ACCO would be taking "thousands" of pro-Beijing demonstrators to Canberra? Who said Chinese diplomats were assisting with the organization of buses, meals and accommodation for pro-Beijing demonstrators? Who said Chinese officials were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view"? Who did Lin Hatfield Dodds withdraw from the event? Who said Lin Hatfield Dodds' decision was a good example of peacefully making a point? Who did Lin Hatfield Dodds withdraw from the event? Who said Lin Hatfield Dodds' decision was a good example of peacefully making a point? What did Ted Quinlan say was a well-coordinated plan to take the day by weight of numbers? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay? What did Ian Thorpe end the Australian leg of the torch relay? Who ended the Australian leg of the torch relay? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay? What did Ted Quinlan say was a well-coordinated plan to take the day by weight of numbers? What did Ian Thorpe end the Australian leg of the torch relay? What country did Zenk-ji refuse to host the torch relay in Nagano? What event was originally scheduled to be the starting point for the Olympic torch relay in Nagano? What country did Zenk-ji refuse to host the torch relay in Nagano? What country did Zenk-ji refuse to host the torch relay in Nagano? What did the Japanese Buddhist temple Zenk-ji refuse to host? What was the name of the event that the city planned to hold at the Minami Nagano Sports Park? How many Chinese guards were allowed to accompany the torch? What did Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycott the 1988 Summer Olympics? What did Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycott the 1988 Summer Olympics? How many riot police were deployed to guard the 24-kilometer route? What did Chinese students throw rocks, bottles, and punches on the day of the torch relay? What did Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycott the 1988 Summer Olympics? What did Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycott the 1988 Summer Olympics? What was the first time the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea? Who was the head of the country's parliament? What did Kim pass the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik? What was the name of the obelisk of the Juche Tower? Who passed the torch to Pak Du Ik? What was the first time the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea? What was the first time the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea? What did Kim pass the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik? What is North Korea often listed among the world's worst offenders against human rights? What is North Korea often listed among the world's worst offenders against human rights? What did UNICEF say was unconscionable? What did UNICEF say was unconscionable? What did UNICEF say was unconscionable? What is North Korea often listed among the world's worst offenders against human rights? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? What is Vietnam involved in a territorial dispute with China for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands? What is Vietnam involved in a territorial dispute with China for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands? What is Vietnam involved in a territorial dispute with China for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands? What is Vietnam involved in a territorial dispute with China for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands? What has Vietnam actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay? Who was deported for planning protests against the torch? Who was deported for planning protests against the torch? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? Who was deported for planning protests against the torch? Who was deported for planning protests against the torch? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? What did the official website update to remove the disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims in the South China Sea? What event was held in Hong Kong on May 2? What was the name of the first torchbearer in Hong Kong? What did Donald Tsang give the torch to the first torchbearer? What did Donald Tsang give the torch to the first torchbearer? How many pro-Beijing camp politicians were selected to participate in the event? What event was held in Hong Kong on May 2? What did Donald Tsang give the torch to the first torchbearer? What did Donald Tsang give the torch to the first torchbearer? How many pro-Beijing camp politicians were selected to participate in the event? How many torchbearers could not participate in the event? What group wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests? What did Leung Kwok-hung say they wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests? What was the name of the student who wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body? Who is currently suing the Hong Kong government? What is the case number HCAL139/08? Who waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames? Who was Leung Kwok-hung? What was the name of the student who wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body? What group originally planned to paint the "Pillar of Shame"? What group originally planned to paint the Pillar of Shame? What did Galschit and two other people have been denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008? Which actress was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? Who said the government's decision to allow Farrow to enter is a violation to Hong Kong's one country, two systems policy? What group originally planned to paint the "Pillar of Shame"? What group originally planned to paint the Pillar of Shame? What did Galschit and two other people have been denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008? Which actress was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? What was the first time the Olympic torch traveled to Macau? What was the first time the Olympic torch traveled to Macau? Who were the first and last torchbearers in the relay? Who were the first and last torchbearers in the relay? What article criticized that the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese? What was the first time the Olympic torch traveled to Macau? Who were the first and last torchbearers in the relay? Who were the first and last torchbearers in the relay? How many torchbearers participated in the Macao event? What article criticized that the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese? Who was arrested for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? What fueled speculation that the shutdowns were targeting speeches against the relay? Who was arrested for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? Who was arrested for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? What has the head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation denied that the shutdowns were politically motivated? How did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan? What did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan on May 4? How did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan? Where did the torch return to China for the first time since April? How did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan? What did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan on May 4? What have Western reporters in Beijing described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored? What have Western reporters in Beijing described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored? What did Xinhua say Libération needed a stinging slap in the face for having "insulted the Olympic flame"? What type of media coverage has been distinct from other media coverage during the torch relay? What have Western reporters in Beijing described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored? What have Western reporters in Beijing described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored? What did Xinhua say Libération needed a stinging slap in the face for having "insulted the Olympic flame"? What did Xinhua say Libération needed a stinging slap in the face for having "insulted the Olympic flame"? What did the Chinese media publish articles about crowds supporting the torch relay? Who quoted athletes who expressed pride at taking part in the relays? What did the Beijing Organising Committee for the Games mention the "smiling faces of the elderly, children and the artists on the streets"? Who said that protesters were radicals who "trampled human rights"? What did the Beijing Organising Committee for the Games mention the "smiling faces of the elderly, children and the artists on the streets"? Who quoted athletes who expressed pride at taking part in the relays? What did the official Chinese website for the Delhi relay say Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics? What did the official Chinese website for the Delhi relay say Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics? What did the official Chinese website for the Delhi relay say Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics? What did the official Chinese website for the Delhi relay say Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics? What article was published by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? What did Libération report that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media? What did the Daily Telegraph ask its readers to send their views in response to the question "Is the West demonising China?" What article was published by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? What article was published by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? What did Libération report that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media? When did Xinhua condemn the 'biased coverage of the Lhasa riots and the Olympic torch relay'? When did Xinhua condemn the 'biased coverage of the Lhasa riots and the Olympic torch relay'? What did CNN respond to China over 'thugs and goons' comment by Jack Cafferty? What was Paul Danahar's article about the challenges of reporting in China? What did Paul Danahar provide readers with a reminder of censorship in China? When did the BBC report that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London? What did Paul Danahar provide readers with a reminder of censorship in China? What did Paul Danahar provide readers with a reminder of censorship in China? When did the People's Daily publish a report entitled "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics?" When did the People's Daily publish a report entitled "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics?" What was the name of the anti-CNN website that was created by a Beijing citizen? What was the name of the site that claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen? What was the name of the site that claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen? Foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website? What did the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee send out a team of unarmed attendants to escort the flame? What is the main job of the Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit? What is the name of the "Second Right Brother" that has developed a significant online fan-base among China's female netizens? What is the name of the second right brother? What did the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee send out a team of unarmed attendants to escort the flame? What is the main job of the Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit? What is the name of the "Second Right Brother" that has developed a significant online fan-base among China's female netizens? What is the name of the second right brother? What did the Chinese call to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products? What did the Chinese call to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products? What did the Chinese call to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products? What did the Chinese protesters block in Kunming? What did the Chinese call to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products? What group of Chinese protesters organized boycotts of Carrefour? What did the media and commentaries call for calm? What did the media and commentaries call for calm? What did the Chinese government patrol and censor the internet forums? What did the protests break out in front of Carrefour's stores on May 1? What did the Chinese government try to calm the protests? What did the media and commentaries call for calm? What did the media and commentaries call for calm? What did the protests break out in front of Carrefour's stores on May 1? What did Nagano Mayor Shoichi Washizawa say was a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay? What did Nagano Mayor Shoichi Washizawa say was a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay? What did the unidentified person vandalize the temple? What did Nagano Mayor Shoichi Washizawa say was a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay? What did Nagano Mayor Shoichi Washizawa say was a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay? What did the unidentified person vandalize the temple? When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests, how is the Olympic Flame kept alight? When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests, how is the Olympic Flame kept alight? Who was not allowed to enter Macau? What has the official Chinese torch relay website called Jin Jing? What has the Chinese media reported on Jin Jing? How many attendants will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route? How many attendants will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route? What did the book drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics? What is a mixed legacy of Principia Mathematica? What did Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 demonstrate? What is the ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica mixed? What did Whitehead and Russell write about Principia Mathematica's legacy? What is the ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica mixed? What is the ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica mixed? What is a mixed legacy of Principia Mathematica? What did the book drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics? What was the name of the essay Whitehead delivered in 1916? What did Whitehead opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful?" What did Whitehead opine that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful?" What was Whitehead's most complete work on education? What was Whitehead's most complete work on education? What was Whitehead's most complete work on education? What was Whitehead's most complete work on education? What did Whitehead opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful?" What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What did Whitehead advocate teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge? What is the opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model? What did Whitehead do when he did not start his career as a philosopher? How did Whitehead become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians? How did Whitehead become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians? How did Whitehead become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians? Why did Whitehead never have any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education? How did Whitehead become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians? What did Whitehead consider himself a rank amateur? How did Whitehead become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians? What did Whitehead say he dislikes metaphysics? What was Whitehead's view that scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time? What did Whitehead consider metaphysical investigations essential to good science and good philosophy? What did Whitehead consider metaphysical investigations essential to both good science and good philosophy? What did Whitehead say he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized? What was Whitehead's view that scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time? What did Whitehead consider metaphysical investigations essential to good science and good philosophy? What did Whitehead consider metaphysical investigations essential to good science and good philosophy? What did Whitehead consider faulty metaphysical assumptions? What did Whitehead reject in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? What did Whitehead use the term "experience" very broadly? What did Whitehead call his metaphysical system "philosophy of organism"? What did Whitehead call his metaphysical system "philosophy of organism"? What did Whitehead reject in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? What did Whitehead reject in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? What did Whitehead reject in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? What did Whitehead argue that the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as experiential? What did Whitehead call his metaphysical system "philosophy of organism"? What does Whitehead call the fallacy of misplaced concreteness? What does Whitehead's view of "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change? What does Whitehead call a continuum of overlapping events? What is described as a continuum of overlapping events? What does Whitehead call a "society" of events? What are not the world's basic building blocks? What are not the world's basic building blocks? What are "classical" concepts that fail to adequately account for change? What does Whitehead call a society of events? What is described as a continuum of overlapping events? What is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time? What does a thing or person often see as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging? What does Whitehead's cosmology see things and people as fundamentally the same through time? What does a thing or person often see as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging? What is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time? What is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time? What is a useful way of speaking? What does everything change from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow"? What does Whitehead say is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things? What should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes? Who pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What does Whitehead say a ten-year-old person is different by the time he turns thirty years old? Who pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? Who pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What does Whitehead say is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things? What is an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things? What does the idea of matter as primary make people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space? What did a student in Whitehead's fall 1924 class write about? What does materialism see every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects? What does materialism see every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects? What does materialism see every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects? What is an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things? What is an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things? What does Whitehead describe any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities? What is not secondary to what a thing is? What is not secondary to what a thing is? What is not secondary to what a thing is? What is a real thing that forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it? What is a real thing that forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it? What are relations not secondary to? What does Whitehead describe any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities? What is not secondary to what a thing is? What is one of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought? What was one of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought? What was the name of the first theologian to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought? Who wrote that Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians? What is one of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought? Who made Whitehead's philosophy arguably the most important intellectual thread running through the Divinity School? Who made Whitehead's philosophy arguably the most important intellectual thread running through the Divinity School? Who taught generations of Whitehead scholars? What did Wieman, Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams teach? What is the place where Whitehead's thought is growing the most quickly in China? How has China begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy? What has the Chinese government encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy? What has the Chinese government encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy? Who has attributed China's interest in process philosophy partly to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence and nature? What is the reason why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread? What is the reason why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread? What is the reason why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread? What are Deleuze's and Latour's opinions? Who thought highly of William James and John Dewey? Who edited the papers of Charles Sanders Peirce? What is one example of a philosopher who advocates both process philosophy and pragmatism? Who edited the papers of Charles Sanders Peirce? Who was Richard Rorty a student of Hartshorne? Who suggested that Einstein's work does not refute Whitehead's formulation? Henry Stapp and David Bohm are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead? What is phenonena observed locally that violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes? What are phenonena observed locally that violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes? What does Whitehead's cosmology need to be regarded as a local approximation? What book did Cobb co-authored with Herman Daly? Who pioneered the work of John B. Cobb? Who co-authored a book entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future? Who wrote Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy? Who wrote Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy? What is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu? What is the FEELS model used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum? What is FEELS used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum under the assumption that the purpose of education is to "help a person become whole"? What is the result of cooperation between Chinese government organizations and the Institute for the Postmodern Development of China? What is one of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management? What is one of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management? What has Dibben published two books on applied process thought? Who has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory? What is Dibben's view of life as perpetually active experiencing? When did Whitehead develop a comprehensive metaphysical system? When did Whitehead develop a comprehensive metaphysical system? What did Whitehead argue that reality consists of processes rather than material objects? What did Whitehead reject? What are Whitehead's philosophical works regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy? When did Whitehead develop a comprehensive metaphysical system? When did Whitehead develop a comprehensive metaphysical system? When did Whitehead develop a comprehensive metaphysical system? Who argued that reality consists of processes rather than material objects? What did Whitehead argue that reality consists of processes rather than material objects? Who was the minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy? Who was the minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy? Who was Alfred Whitehead's father? Who was Alfred Whitehead's father? Who was Whitehead's mother? Who was the minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy? Who was the minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy? Who was Alfred Whitehead's father? Who was Whitehead's mother? Who was Whitehead's mother? How did Whitehead become Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London? What was Whitehead able to exert his newfound influence to lobby for a new history of science department? What was Whitehead able to exert his newfound influence to lobby for a new history of science department? What was Whitehead able to exert his newfound influence to lobby for a new history of science department? How did Whitehead help establish a new history of science department? How did Whitehead become Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London? What was Whitehead able to exert his newfound influence to lobby for a new history of science department? How did Whitehead become Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London? What was Whitehead able to exert his newfound influence to lobby for a new history of science department? What is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead? What is the most definitive presentation of Whitehead's life? What led to Lowe remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography that "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him?" What led to Lowe remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography that "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him?" What is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead? What is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead? Why did Lowe remark on the first page of Whitehead's biography that "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him?" What led to Lowe remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography that "No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him?" What was the name of the two books Whitehead wrote? What was one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century? What is one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century? What was one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century? What is one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century? What was the name of the two books Whitehead wrote? What was the name of the three major books Whitehead wrote on the subject? What was one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century? What was one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century? What was one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century? What drew attention to the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class? What did Alexander Macfarlane say the main idea of the work is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary algebra so as to include them? What did G. B. Mathews say it possesses a unity of design which is really remarkable? What drew attention to the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class? What did G. B. Mathews say it possesses a unity of design which is really remarkable? What did Alexander Macfarlane say the main idea of the work is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary algebra so as to include them? Who thought that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete? Who thought that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete? What did Whitehead and Russell think Principia Mathematica would take ten years to complete? What did Whitehead and Russell think Principia Mathematica would take ten years to complete? What did Whitehead and Russell think Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete? Who thought that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete? Who thought that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete? What did Whitehead and Russell think Principia Mathematica would take ten years to complete? What did Whitehead and Russell think Principia Mathematica would take ten years to complete? What did Whitehead and Russell think Principia Mathematica would take ten years to complete? What is Whitehead's philosophical work considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon? What is one famous story illustrating the difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy? What is one famous story illustrating the difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy? How did professional philosophers struggle to follow Whitehead's writings? What is one famous story illustrating the difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy? What is one famous story illustrating the difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy? What is Whitehead's philosophical work considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon? What did Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books not negatively affect his interest? How did Mathews feel about Whitehead's books? How was Henry Nelson Wieman hired to teach at Chicago's Divinity School? How was Henry Nelson Wieman hired to teach at Chicago's Divinity School? What did Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books not negatively affect his interest? How did Mathews feel about Whitehead's books? How was Henry Nelson Wieman hired to teach at Chicago's Divinity School? How was Henry Nelson Wieman hired to teach at Chicago's Divinity School? How was Henry Nelson Wieman's lecture so brilliant that he was hired to the faculty? Who questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works? What is the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century? Who questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works? Who questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works? Who questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works? Who questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works? Who questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works? Who questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works? What is the absolute principle of existence? What do most entities do not have consciousness? What do most entities do not have consciousness? Inability to predict an electron's movement is not due to faulty understanding or inadequate technology? What is the absolute principle of existence? What must be emphasized that an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them? What is the absolute principle of existence? What is the term "prehension" meant to make clear Whitehead's rejection of the theory of representative perception? What is the term "prehension" meant to indicate that the perceiver actually incorporates aspects of the perceived thing into itself? What is prehension meant to indicate a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious? What is the term "prehension" meant to indicate a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious? What is the term "prehension" meant to indicate a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious? What is the term prehension meant to indicate a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious? What does Whitehead consider perception as occurring in two modes? What is the term prehension meant to indicate a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious? What does the term "prehension" mean that the perceiver actually incorporates aspects of the perceived thing into itself? What does Whitehead consider perception as occurring in two modes? What is the sense of causal relations between entities? What does Whitehead call presentational immediacy? Who describes causal efficacy as the experience dominating the primitive living organisms? What is pure sense perception? What is pure sense perception? Who describes causal efficacy as the experience dominating the primitive living organisms? What is pure sense perception referred to as? What is symbolic reference a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other? What does Whitehead say about a person's encounter with a chair? What is symbolic reference a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other? What does Whitehead call "symbolic reference"? What is symbolic reference a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other? What does Whitehead call "symbolic reference"? What does Whitehead say a person would have stopped at the mere contemplation of a beautiful color and a beautiful shape? What does Whitehead think of a person's encounter with a chair? What does Whitehead say a dog would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair? Who makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value"? What does Whitehead see the rise of life as unintelligible? What does Whitehead see the rise of life as unintelligible? What does Whitehead see the rise of life as unintelligible? Who makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value"? What does Whitehead see the rise of life as unintelligible? What does Whitehead see the rise of life as unintelligible? What does Whitehead see the rise of life as unintelligible? What does Whitehead see the rise of life as unintelligible? What does Whitehead see the rise of life as unintelligible? What did Whitehead call the brief Galilean vision of humility? What is Whitehead's most famous criticism of the Christian conception of God? What is Whitehead's criticism of Christianity for defining God as a divine king? What did Whitehead see God as necessary for his metaphysical system? Who posited that ordered potentials exist in what he called the primordial nature of God? What did Whitehead think of God as a "dipolar" entity? What has Whitehead called for fresh theological thinking? What did Whitehead think of God as necessary for his metaphysical system? What is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved? What does Whitehead say God saves and cherishes all experiences forever? What is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved? What does Whitehead say God saves and cherishes all experiences forever? What happens in the world and the wider universe? What does Whitehead see as permanent but deficient in actuality and change? What does Whitehead see as permanent but deficient in actuality and change? Who sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence? What does Whitehead see in the world as deficient in actuality and change? What does Whitehead see as deficient in actuality and change? What was Whitehead's most famous remark on religion? What was Whitehead's most famous remark on religion? What did Whitehead see religion as a system of general truths that transformed a person's character? What did Whitehead think of religion as a system of general truths that transformed a person's character? What did Whitehead see religion as beginning in solitariness? What did Whitehead see religion as beginning in solitariness? What did Whitehead write that the universe is a community which makes itself whole through the relatedness of each individual entity to all the others? What does Whitehead believe religion is world-loyalty? How are the individual and universal/social aspects of religion mutually dependent? What is Whitehead's influence? Who called Whitehead the greatest philosopher of the 20th century? In English-speaking countries, Whitehead's primary works are little-studied outside Claremont and liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs? What was Whitehead's influence in English-speaking countries? Who was the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror? What is the most influential early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context? What was Charles Hartshorne's most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context? What was Charles Hartshorne's most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context? What is one of the notable process theologians that Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology? What does process theology typically emphasize God's relational nature? What does Hartshorne point out that people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by the joys or sorrows of his followers? Who points out that people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by the joys or sorrows of his followers? What does Hartshorne point out that people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by the joys or sorrows of his followers? Who advocates a process naturalism? Who is a process theologian? Who integrate Whitehead with poststructuralist, postcolonialist, and feminist theory? Who wrote on theology and political theory? Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist credit Whitehead for the process theology they see rising out of the participatory culture expected to dominate the digital era? Who is John B. Cobb, Jr. a process theologian? What did Whitehead describe religion as a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society? What did Whitehead call religion a bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society? What is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people? What is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people? Who sees both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process"? What does Stout and Staton see both Whitehead and Follett as sharing an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process"? What are Stout and Jeannine M. Love analyzing in Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration? What was supported by a "plausible deniability" of the risks associated with subprime-based credit assets? What did a conflict of interest lead to bad investments in over-priced credit assets? What is an incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management? What is an incentive for asset managers to expand their assets under management? What was supported by a " plausible deniability" of the risks associated with subprime-based credit assets? What was the first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States? What was IndyMac's parent corporation until the FDIC seized IndyMac Bank? What was the first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States? What was the second largest failure of a regulated thrift? What was IndyMac Bancorp's parent corporation? What company reported that Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security bonds? What did IndyMac say would have negatively impacted the Company's risk-based capital ratio as of June 30, 2008? What company reported that Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security bonds? What company reported that Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security bonds? What did IndyMac warn that if its regulators found its capital position to have fallen below "well capitalized" to "adequately capitalized"? What did Senator Schumer say brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits? What did Senator Schumer say brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits? What did Senator Schumer say brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits? What did Senator Schumer say brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits? What did Senator Schumer say brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits? What resulted in IndyMac's demise? What resulted in IndyMac's demise? What was the cause of IndyMac's demise? What did Senator Schumer write to the FDIC and OTS? What was the underlying cause of IndyMac's demise? What was the name of the bridge bank that took control of IndyMac Bank's assets? What does the FDIC guarantee the funds of all insured accounts up to US$100,000? What does the FDIC guarantee the funds of all insured accounts up to US$100,000? What did the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship? What did the FDIC announce plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank? How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt in 2007 and 2008? What caused the fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase? When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak? What did Fuld say he was a victim of the collapse? What were Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Wachovia, Citigroup, and AIG? What was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds? What was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds? What was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds? What caused the ability of corporations to rollover their short-term debt? What was the TED spread? Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system? Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system? What did Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis? Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system? What meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009? What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing? What did the Brookings Institution say the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap? What did the authors indicate that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever"? What did the Brookings Institution say that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever"? What was the S&P 500's peak in 2007? What was the S&P 500's peak in 2007? What did housing prices drop 20% from their 2006 peak? What was the US's second-largest household asset? What was the US's second-largest household asset? What is a serious default risk for a homeowner with no equity? What is the problem with the economy? What is the worst downturn since the Great Depression? What happens to a homeowner who has no equity in her home? What is the worst downturn since the Great Depression? What has prompted fears of a global economic collapse? Who said that 2008 would see a clear global recession? What did UBS quantify their expected recession durations on October 16? What was Iceland's biggest financial crisis? What did the UBS announce on October 6 that 2008 would see a clear global economic collapse? Who reported that U.S. consumption accounted for more than a third of the growth in global consumption between 2000 and 2007? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in the first quarter of 2009? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in the first quarter of 2009? What did the Brookings Institution say the US economy has been spending too much and borrowing too much for years? What has the annualized rate of decline in GDP in the first quarter of 2009? What did the growth forecasts in Cambodia show a fall from more than 10% in 2007 to close to zero in 2009? What has led to a dramatic rise in the number of households living below the poverty line? What has caused a dramatic rise in the number of households living below the poverty line? Who recommends to provide a sound economic policymaking and good governance to attract new investors? What has led to a dramatic rise in the number of households living below the poverty line? What did the World Bank report that the Arab world was less severely affected by the credit crunch? What is the best position to absorb the economic shocks? What gives Arab countries a significant cushion against the global downturn? What is the most important determinant of the global economic crisis? What is the most important determinant of the global economic crisis? What was the lowest rate since the government began collecting data in 1964? What was the lowest rate since the government began collecting the data in 1964? What was the highest unemployment rate in the U.S. in 2009? What was the lowest rate since the government began collecting data in 1964? What is the result of the decline in patent applications? What do Critics argue Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings? What did Major banks suffer losses from AAA-rated created by financial engineering? Which European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks? What does Johan Norberg argue that Basel III regulations have led to excessive lending to risky governments? What did European regulators introduce Basel III regulations for banks? What happened to the U.S. recession that began in December 2007? What happened to the U.S. recession that began in December 2007? What is the name of the US Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to 2008? Who declared that the markets are now stabilized and we've recovered most of the money we spent on the banks? Who led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind? What did the International Monetary Fund find that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP? Who led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind? What did the International Monetary Fund find that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP? Who led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind? Who argued that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis? What did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders support? What journalist reported that the first signs of decline in residential real estate occurred in 2006? What is Krugman's contention that the crisis in commercial real estate and related lending took place after the crisis in residential real estate? Kimberly Amadeo reports that the first signs of decline in residential real estate occurred in 2006? What did Wall Street's banks do with products such as the mortgage-backed security and collateralized debt obligation? What did NPR correspondents argue that a "Giant Pool of Money" sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds? What did NPR correspondents argue that a "Giant Pool of Money" sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds? What did Wall Street's banks do with products such as the mortgage-backed security and collateralized debt obligation? What did NPR correspondents argue that a "Giant Pool of Money" sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds? What essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages into a single pool from which specific securities draw in a specific sequence of priority? What essentially places cash payments from multiple mortgages into a single pool from which specific securities draw in a specific sequence of priority? What was a higher rate of return on the amount invested? What does collateralized debt obligation place cash payments into a single pool from which specific securities draw in a specific sequence of priority? What was a higher rate of return on the amount invested? What did the average U.S. housing prices decline by over 20% in 2008? What did the average U.S. housing prices decline by over 20% in 2008? When did lenders begin foreclosure proceedings on nearly 1.3 million properties? How much of all U.S. mortgages were delinquent or in foreclosure? What percentage of U.S. mortgages were delinquent or in foreclosure? What was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks? What was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks? What did economists believe credit was fueling housing instead of business investment? What did studies from advanced countries show that excessive credit growth contributed greatly to the severity of the crisis? What did the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%? Who explained that between 1996 and 2004 the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion? Who explained that between 1996 and 2004 the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion? What were the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations? What does the balance of payments identity require that a country running a current account deficit also have a capital account surplus of the same amount? What was the reason for the growth of foreign funds in the U.S.? What caused the increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage rates? What contributed to the deflating of the housing bubble? How did housing and financial assets decline in value after the housing bubble burst? What caused the increase in 1-year and 5-year adjustable-rate mortgage rates? How did housing and financial assets decline in value after the housing bubble burst? What did Richard M. Bowen III give to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? What did Richard M. Bowen III give to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? What did Richard M. Bowen III say by 2006, 60% of mortgages purchased by Citi were "defective"? What did Richard M. Bowen III say by 2006, 60% of mortgages purchased by Citi were "defective"? What did Richard M. Bowen III say were defective mortgage originators contractually bound to perform underwriting to Citi's standards? What did the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission testify about Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages? What did Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages reveal? What did Clayton's analysis show that 28% of the sampled loans did not meet the minimum standards of any issuer? What did Clayton's analysis show that 28% of the sampled loans did not meet the minimum standards of any issuer? What did the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission testify about Clayton's review of over 900,000 mortgages? What refers to the practice of unscrupulous lenders? What was used by Countrywide Financial to advertise low interest rates for home refinancing? What type of mortgage would the consumer be put into? What caused negative amortization? What was used by Countrywide Financial to advertise low interest rates for home refinancing? Who sued Countrywide for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising"? Who sued Countrywide for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising"? What caused Countrywide's financial condition to deteriorate? What caused Countrywide's financial condition to deteriorate? What sued Countrywide for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising"? What have Critics argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? What have Critics argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? What did OECD study suggest that bank regulation based on the Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices? What have Critics argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? What did OECD study suggest that bank regulation based on the Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices? Prior to the crisis, financial institutions became highly leveraged? What made it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy? What made it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy? What made it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy? What made it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy? What did changes in capital requirements allow lower risk weightings for AAA securities? What increased the vulnerability of the top five U.S. investment banks? What was seen by regulators as a risk reduction? What did Lehman Brothers go bankrupt in 2007? What did Lehman Brothers go bankrupt? What can be detrimental if too many individuals pursue the same behavior? What did Hyman Minsky call a "paradox of deleveraging"? What did Hyman Minsky call a "paradox of deleveraging"? Hyman Minsky described a "paradox of deleveraging" as financial institutions that have too much leverage that cannot all de-leverage simultaneously without significant declines in the value of their assets? Hyman Minsky described a "paradox of deleveraging" as financial institutions that have too much leverage that cannot all de-leverage simultaneously without significant declines in the value of their assets? What did Janet Yellen discuss during April 2009? What did Janet Yellen discuss during April 2009? What did Janet Yellen say when the credit crunch hit? What are businesses cancelling planned investments and laying off workers to preserve cash? What is a process of balance sheet deleveraging that has spread to nearly every corner of the economy? What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve specific client objectives? What was the term for the adjustable-rate mortgage? What was the term for the adjustable-rate mortgage? What was the term for the adjustable-rate mortgage? How did the use of credit default swaps vary in complexity and the ease with which they can be valued on the books of financial institutions? What did the credit quality of CDO's decline from 2000 to 2007? What did the credit quality of CDO's decline from 2000 to 2007? What did the credit quality of CDO's decline from 2000 to 2007? What did the credit quality of CDO's decline from 2000 to 2007? What did the credit quality of CDO's decline from 2000 to 2007? What increased the number of actors connected to a single mortgage? What increased the number of actors connected to a single mortgage? What was the reason for fraudulent acts, misjudgments and finally market collapse? What was the reason for fraudulent acts, misjudgments and finally market collapse? What did a group of computer scientists build a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies? What does pricing of risk refer to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk? What does pricing of risk refer to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk? What have scholars argued that a lack of transparency prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis? What format did risk levels have been disclosed in? What have scholars argued that a lack of transparency prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis? What did market participants not accurately measure the risk inherent with MBS and CDOs? What did market participants not accurately measure the risk inherent with MBS and CDOs? Who estimated that $450bn of CDO were sold between 2005 and 2007? Who estimated that $450bn of CDO were sold between 2005 and 2007? Who estimated that $450bn of CDO were sold between 2005 and 2007? What did AIG receive in exchange for a promise to pay money to party A in the event party B defaulted? What did AIG receive in exchange for a promise to pay money to party A in the event party B defaulted? What did the U.S. taxpayers provide over $180 billion in government support to AIG? What did the US taxpayers provide to AIG during 2008 and 2009? What did AIG receive in exchange for a promise to pay money to party B in the event party B defaulted? Who commented that the super-boom got out of hand when the new products became so complicated that the authorities could no longer calculate the risks? What did George Soros say was a shocking abdication of responsibility? What was a shocking abdication of responsibility? Who commented that the super-boom got out of hand when the new products became so complicated that the authorities could no longer calculate the risks? What did George Soros say was a shocking abdication of responsibility? What is the title of the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? What is the title of the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? What is the title of the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? What is the title of the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? What is the title of the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? What did Timothy Geithner blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the shadow banking system? What did Timothy Geithner blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the shadow banking system? What did Timothy Geithner blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system? What did Timothy Geithner blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system? What did Geithner say they were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch? What did the securitization markets close down in 2007? What did the securitization markets begin to close down in 2007? How many private credit markets became unavailable as a source of funds? What does the Brookings Institution say the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap? What does the Brookings Institution say the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009? What economist testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in 2010? What economist testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in 2010? What is a dormant issuance of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities? What was the cost of private bond issuance of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities? What was the cost of private bond issuance of residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities? What caused the price of oil to triple from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008? What did the price of oil triple from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008? What did the price of oil triple from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008? What are some experts attributing to speculative flow of money from housing and other investments into commodities? What is a pattern of spiking instability in oil prices over the decade leading up to the price high of 2008? What did Michael Greenberger say the IntercontinentalExchange played a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices? What did Michael Greenberger say the IntercontinentalExchange played a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices? What did Michael Greenberger say the IntercontinentalExchange played a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices? What was the name of the IntercontinentalExchange? What did Michael Greenberger say the IntercontinentalExchange played a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices? Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession? Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession? What do Feminist economists argue that a reshaping should include new advances within feminist economics and ecological economics? Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession? Who predicted the crisis in 2005? Who predicted the crisis in 2005? What did Rajan write about the crisis in 2005? How did Rajan argue that financial sector managers were encouraged to take risks that generate severe adverse consequences with small probability? What are tail risks known as? What was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan? What was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan? Who gave evidence of a financial crisis? What did the Austrian economic school consider the crisis as a vindication and classic example of a predictable credit-fueled bubble? What did the Austrian economic school consider the crisis as a vindication and classic example of a predictable credit-fueled bubble? What article claims that economists failed to predict a major global financial crisis? What article claims that economists failed to predict a major global financial crisis? What does the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal examine why economists failed to predict a major global financial crisis? What did The Guardian say Roubini was ridiculed for predicting a collapse of the housing market and worldwide recession? What did The Guardian say Roubini was ridiculed for predicting a collapse of the housing market and worldwide recession? Who wrote The Black Swan? What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb see coming from? Who wrote The Black Swan? What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb say he saw it coming? Who believes distinctions exist between the current market malaise and the Great Depression? What does Dow say is troubling if you have a mirror image? What does Dow say is troubling if you have a mirror image? Who wrote that the decline has not been a mirror image of the Great Depression? What was one of the first victims of Northern Rock? What led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007? What led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007? What was an early indication of the troubles that would soon befall other banks and financial institutions? What was one of the first victims of Northern Rock? What lender often made loans without verification of the borrower's income or assets? What did IndyMac often make loans without verification of the borrower's income or assets? What lender often made loans without verification of the borrower's income or assets? What was IndyMac's business model to offer loans to borrowers who simply couldn't afford to make their payments? What did IndyMac resisted efforts to tighten their issuing criteria? What did the Federal Reserve survey 4,000 households between 2007 and 2009? What percentage of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth? What percentage of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth? What percentage of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth? What did the Federal Reserve survey 4,000 households between 2007 and 2009? What year did the IMF at Washington, D.C. launch numbers predicting a worldwide recession by 0.3%? What did the European Commission predict for 2009? What year did the IMF at Washington, D.C. launch numbers predicting a worldwide recession by 0.3%? When did the IMF at Washington, D.C. launch numbers predicting a worldwide recession? How much did the IMF expect for 2009? Who has taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral? What did the U.S. Federal Reserve's new and expanded liquidity facilities allow the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis? What did the new and expanded liquidity facilities allow the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis? What did the new and expanded liquidity facilities allow the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis? Who has taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral? What did the credit freeze bring the global financial system to the brink of collapse? What was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market in world history? What did Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explain how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy to combat the liquidity trap? What did Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explain how the US Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy? What did Stiglitz and others point out could lead to currency wars? Who introduced a series of regulatory proposals in June 2009? What did Obama propose in January 2010? What was the Volcker Rule? What was the Volcker Rule? What was the Volcker Rule? Who passed a reform bill in May 2010? What did the Senate pass in May 2010? What is the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading not part of the legislation? Who passed a reform bill in May 2010? What threatened the collapse of large financial institutions? What role did the crisis play in the failure of key businesses? What type of crisis did BNP Paribas terminate withdrawals from three hedge funds citing "a complete evaporation of liquidity"? What role did the crisis play in the failure of key businesses? What type of crisis did BNP Paribas terminate withdrawals from three hedge funds citing "a complete evaporation of liquidity"? What caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet? What had an impact on global stock markets? What was triggered by the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble? What was triggered by the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble? What was triggered by the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble? What did the U.S. Senate's Levin-Coburn Report conclude that the financial crisis was avoidable? What did Critics argue that credit rating agencies and investors failed to accurately price the risk involved with mortgage-related financial products? What did the 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act remove the separation between investment banks and depository banks? What did the U.S. Senate's Levin-Coburn Report conclude that the financial crisis was avoidable? Who argued that credit rating agencies and investors failed to accurately price the risk involved with mortgage-related financial products? What enabled institutions and investors to invest in the U.S. housing market? What enabled institutions and investors to invest in the U.S. housing market? What did major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS report significant losses? What enabled institutions and investors to invest in the U.S. housing market? What enabled institutions and investors to invest in the U.S. housing market? What are the total losses estimated in the trillions of dollars? What resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan? What did the foreclosure epidemic continue to drain wealth from consumers and erode the financial strength of banks? What are the total losses estimated in the trillions of dollars globally? What did the foreclosure epidemic continue to drain wealth from consumers and erode the financial strength of banks? What did policymakers not immediately recognize? What did policymakers not immediately recognize? What has emphasized deregulation to encourage business? What has emphasized deregulation to encourage business? What has emphasized deregulation to encourage business? What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend? What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend? What did Governments bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs? What did governments bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs? What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend? Who reported the findings of the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in January 2011? What did the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings in January 2011? What did the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings in January 2011? What did the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings in January 2011? What did the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings in January 2011? What did mortgage lenders do during a period of tough competition between mortgage lenders for revenue and market share? What did the relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises maintain underwriting standards prior to 2003? What was the lowest market share for the GSEs in 2004-2007? What was the lowest market share for the GSEs in 2004-2007? What did the relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises maintain underwriting standards prior to 2003? What does the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission say government affordable housing policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? Who claims that the GSE never purchased subprime loans? What does the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission say government affordable housing policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? Who claims that the GSE never purchased subprime loans? What does the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission say government affordable housing policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? What was Peter J. Wallison's belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to? What was Peter J. Wallison's belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to? What did Wallison believe the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to? What did Wallison believe the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to? What was Peter J. Wallison's belief that the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to? What did the House Financial Services Committee call for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages? What did the Bush administration call for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages? What did the House Financial Services Committee call for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages? What did the House Financial Services Committee say was an early warning to the systemic risk that the growing market in subprime mortgages posed to the U.S. financial system that went unheeded? What did the House Financial Services Committee call for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages? What did a 2000 study show that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by CRA-covered lenders into low and mid level income borrowers? What did a 2000 study show that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by CRA-covered lenders into low and mid level income borrowers? What did a 2000 study show that $467 billion of mortgage lending was made by CRA-covered lenders into low and mid level income borrowers? What was a 3% market share of LMI loans in 1998? What was a 3% market share of LMI loans in 1998? What is not surprising to other analysts about the delay between CRA rule changes in 1995? What do Critics argue that the Federal Reserve's classification of CRA loans as “prime” is based on the self-serving assumption that high-interest-rate loans equal “subprime” loans? What does Critics argue that the Federal Reserve’s classification of CRA loans as “prime” is based on? What does the delay between CRA rule changes and the explosion of sub prime lending not exonerate the CRA? What did the CRA contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis? What did investment banks and hedge funds use financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made? What did investment banks and hedge funds use financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made? What did Michael Lewis say there were not enough Americans with bad credit taking out to satisfy investors' appetite for the end product? What did investment banks and hedge funds use financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made? What did investment banks and hedge funds use financial innovation to enable large wagers to be made? What did Wallison say was supported by a huge number of substandard loans? What was the reason the U.S. residential housing bubble led to financial crisis? What did Wallison say was supported by a huge number of substandard loans? What did Wallison note that other developed countries had "large bubbles during the 1997-2007 period"? Who wrote: "It is not true that every bubble has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates?" What is one of the Renaissance Islands? What is St. Barthélemy separated from Saint Martin by the Saint-Barthélemy Channel? What are the other rocky islets in St. Barthélemy? What is St. Barthélemy separated from Saint Martin by the Saint-Barthélemy Channel? What small satellite islets belong to St. Barthélemy? What is the name of the population of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the name of the population of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the language preference between Creole and Patois determined? What is the name of the population of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the language preference between Creole and Patois determined? When did the French Parliament pass a bill granting COM status to St. Barthélemy and Saint Martin? What is the name of the island that has a president? What was the last election in March 2012? What was the name of the first territorial council elected? What is the name of the island that has a president? What was the first election held on St. Barthélemy? Who is responsible for the defence of St. Barthélemy? Who represents the island in the French Senate? What was the first election held on St. Barthélemy? What is France responsible for the defence of the island? What type of potato is grown in patches on the island? What type of potato is grown in patches on the island? What type of food is grown in patches on the island? What type of food is grown in patches on the island? What did the islanders develop commerce through the port of Gustavia? What is St. Barthélemy considered a playground of the rich and famous? How many tourists visit St. Barthélemy every year? What is the result of a boom in house building activity catering to the tourists and permanent residents of St. Barthélemy? What is St. Barthélemy considered a playground of the rich and famous? What type of tourism attracts about 200,000 visitors every year? What is the largest hotel in St. Barthélemy? What type of hotels are classified in the traditional French manner? What does St. Barthélemy attract a labour force from Brazil and Portugal to meet the industry needs? What is the most expensive hotel on the island? What is the most expensive hotel on St. Barthélemy? What is the name of the area that turns green during the rainy season? What is the eastern part of the island greener as it receives more rainfall? What is a common sight on the island with mangroves and shrubs surviving in the saline coastal swamps? What species of palm was brought to the island from the Pacific islands? What was brought to the island from the Pacific islands? What are some of the other trees of note? What are some of the other trees of note? What are some of the other trees of note? What are some of the other trees of note? What are some of the other trees of note? What species of turtles are a common sight along the coastline of the island? What type of species are turtles a common sight along the coast of the island? What is a common sight along the coastline of the island? What are the leatherback sea turtles? What are the leatherback sea turtles? What is the meat of the marine aquafauna? What type of marine life does the aquafauna have? What species of fish are recorded close to the shore line in shallow waters? What do ghost crabs spend some months in the sea during and after the hatching season? What do ghost crabs spend some months in the sea during and after the hatching season? What is the name of the reserve in Saint-Barthélemy? What is the Reserve Naturelle designed to protect the islands coral reefs, seagrass and endangered marine species? Where are mooring buoys in place in Saint-Barthélemy? What is the name of the reserve in Saint-Barthélemy? Where are mooring buoys in place in Saint-Barthélemy? What are the three forts built by the Swedes for defense purposes? What are the three forts built by the Swedes for defense purposes? What is the name of the fort built by the Swedes? What has been replaced by a modern military building which houses the local gendarmerie? What are the three forts built by the Swedes for defense purposes? How many restaurants are located in St. Barthélemy? How many restaurants are located in St. Barthélemy? What type of food is spicier in St. Barthélemy? What is the name of the gastronomic event in St. Barthélemy? What is the name of the gastronomic event in St. Barthélemy? What is the name of the race that originates in Concarneau in Brittany? What is the name of the race that is held every alternate year? What is the name of the Transat AG2R Race? What is the name of the Transat AG2R Race? What type of boat is the Transat AG2R Race? What is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner? What is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner? What is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner? What is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner? What is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner? What is the name of the overseas collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the name of the overseas collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the name of the island Ouanalao? What is the name of the island of St. Barthélemy? Where is St. Barthélemy located? What is the capital of Saint Barthélemy? What is the capital of Saint Barthélemy? What is Saint Barthélemy's capital? What is the only Caribbean island that was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time? What is Saint Barthélemy a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season? What was the name of the French commune that formed part of Guadeloupe? When did the island of Saint Barthélemy become an Overseas Collectivity? What was the name of the Overseas Collectivity? What is the name of the hotel de la Collectivité? What is Saint Barthélemy's free port status? What is Colombier Bay's 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance? What is Colombier Bay's 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance? What are the north and east sides of the island fringed by? What type of reefs are visible? What are some of the reefs that are part of a marine reserve? How many public beaches on St Barthélémy are considered suitable for swimming? How many public beaches on St Barthélémy are considered suitable for swimming? What are the leeward and windward beaches popular for windsurfing? What are the leeward and windward beaches popular for windsurfing? What type of beach is popular for windsurfing? What is the rainy season on the island? What is the eastern side of the island wetter than the western? What is the rainy season on the island? What is the dry season? What is the lowest night temperature in the Caribbean? When did the British invade the harbour town? What was the name of the port that the Swedes renamed as Gustavia? What was the name of the port that the Swedes renamed as Gustavia? What was the name of the port that the Swedes renamed as Gustavia? What did the Swedes use the port as trading post of contraband? What is the name of the historical museum in Gustavia? What is the name of the historical museum in Gustavia? What is the name of the historical museum in Gustavia? What is the history of the island? What is on display at the Museum Territorial de St.-Barthélemy? What is the genetic material of an organism? What is the genetic material of an organism? What is the genetic material of an organism? What was the name of the Oxford Dictionary? What was the name of the Oxford Dictionary? What was the name of the Oxford Dictionary? What did the Oxford Dictionary suggest to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome? What is the segregation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell? What is accomplished by the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis? What can be applied to mean what is stored on a complete set of nuclear DNA? What is the term "genetic makeup" used to signify the genome of a particular individual or organism? What is the term "genetic makeup" used to signify the genome of a particular individual or organism? What does the term "genome sequence" mean? What is a rough correlation between base pairs and the number of genes? What is the highest known number of genes? What is the highest known number of genes? What is the highest known number of genes for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis? What was Walter Fiers the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome? What was Walter Fiers the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome? What was the first complete genome sequence of a viral RNA-genome? Who completed the first eukaryotic genome sequence? What was the name of the first genome sequence for an archaeon? What is one of several comprehensive databases of genomic information? What is one of the thousands of completed genome sequencing projects? What is one of the thousands of completed genome sequencing projects? What was the genome extracted from the toe bone of a 130,000-year-old Neanderthal? What was the genome extracted from the toe bone of a 130,000-year-old Neanderthal? What has opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool? What has opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool? What was the goal of the full genome of James D. Watson? What was the goal of the full genome of James D. Watson? What is less detailed than a genome sequence? What project was organized to map and sequence the human genome? What was the goal of the Human Genome Project? What was the goal of the Human Genome Project? What is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome? How can scientists better understand the evolutionary history of a given genome? What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? What does eukaryotes have the feature of exon-intron organization of protein coding genes? What is the major part of the genome composed of repetitive DNA? What does "genome" mean to include information stored on? What does "genome" mean to include information stored on? What does "genome" mean to include information stored on? What does "genome" carry the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA? What is the name of the plastome? What is the name of the mitochondrial genome? What is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome? What indicates the mighty influence coming from repetitive DNA act on the genomes? What indicates the mighty influence coming from repetitive DNA act on the genomes? What is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms? In vivo and in silico, what is the work done on? What are generally non-repetitive DNA? What does the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decrease along with increasing genome size in higher eukaryotes? What is the difference between the length of non-repetitive DNA and RNA-coding genes? Higher eukaryotes have more repetitive DNA than repetitive ones? Higher eukaryotes have more repetitive DNA than repetitive ones? In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%? What are tandem repeats and interspersed repeats? What is the proportion of repetitive DNA calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size? What are tandem repeats usually caused by slippage during replication? What are tandem repeats usually caused by slippage during replication? What is the largest proportion of interspersed repeats in mammalian? What is believed to be an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes? What is believed to be an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes? What can TEs be classified into two categories? What two categories can TEs be classified into? What can be transcribed into RNA? What type of TEs do not use RNA as intermediate? What type of TEs do not use RNA as intermediate? What do researchers compare traits such as chromosome number, genome size, gene order, codon usage bias and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today? What do researchers compare traits such as chromosome number, genome size, gene order, codon usage bias and GC-content to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today? What role does Duplication play in shaping the genome? What are duplications fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty? What is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related? What seems to be common among many microbes? What does eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genetic material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to their nuclear chromosomes? What type of school does a comprehensive school not select on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude? What is the term used in relation to England and Wales? What term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales? What percentage of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools? What type of school does a comprehensive school correspond to? What is a consequence of a wider ranging curriculum? What is the reason why schools have tended to get larger? What has made the comprehensive ideal less certain? What type of schools are still in operation in England and Wales? What type of schools are still in operation in England and Wales? What was conceived as neighbourhood schools for all students in a specified catchment area? What will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal? What country has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s? Who has discontinued the division to lower comprehensive school? What country has a comprehensive school called the Gesamtschule? What does the Gesamtschule offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well? What type of school does the Gesamtschule offer? What percentage of students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What percentage of students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What did Hauptschulen merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg? What did Hauptschulen merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg? What did Hauptschulen merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg? What does the "Mittelschule" offer? What can students be awarded the Hauptschulabschluss or the Mittlere Reife? What does the Hauptschulabschluss mean? What school has been accused of grade inflation after a study revealed that Gymnasium senior students had an average grade of "Three Plus"? Who said that comprehensive schools did not help students achieve? What did Sigrid Beer say was a "piece of impudence"? What was the name of the Christian Democratic Union? What did Sigrid Beer say was a "piece of impudence"? What could put bright working class students at risk? What could be shown that an achievement gap opens between working class students attending a comprehensive and their middle class peers? What is the difference between working class students attending a Gymnasium and a Realschule? What did Helmut Fend compare alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools? What did Helmut Fend compare alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools? When did Gibraltar open its first comprehensive school? What can students continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels? What can students continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels? What was the name of the initiative that introduced comprehensive schools into Ireland in 1966? What was the name of the initiative that introduced comprehensive schools into Ireland in 1966? What was the name of the initiative that introduced comprehensive schools into Ireland in 1966? What is a'scoil chuimsitheach'? What was an earlier model of state schools introduced in the late 1960s? What was the model adopted to make state schools more acceptable to a largely conservative society of the time? What did the 1970s remove the denominational basis of the schools? What tended to be amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model? What was the name of the five 'experimental' comprehensive schools? What was the name of the five 'experimental' comprehensive schools? What was the name of the five 'experimental' comprehensive schools? What was the name of the first comprehensive school? What did the Woodlands Boys School open in 1954? What was the largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965? What was the largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965? What was a virtual bipartite system that saw fierce competition for the available grammar school places? What did Margaret Thatcher end the compulsion on local authorities to convert? What did Margaret Thatcher end the compulsion on local authorities to convert? What did Margaret Thatcher end the compulsion on local authorities to convert? What did the majority of local authorities abandon the 11-plus examination? What did many secondary modern schools and grammar schools amalgamate to form large neighbourhood comprehensives? What did Sandwell and Dudley change to comprehensive schools during the 1970s? What did Sandwell and Dudley change to comprehensive schools during the 1970s? When did James Callaghan launch the 'great debate' on the education system? What is the most common type of state secondary school in England? When did James Callaghan launch the 'great debate' on the education system? What is the concept of "school choice" intended as a means by which schools that are perceived to be inferior are forced to improve or close down? What has parents a right to choose which school their child should go to? What is the focus of government policy? What has underpinned the controversial league tables of school performance? What country has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision? What has the Scottish Government rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005? What has the Scottish Government rejected plans for specialist schools as of 2005? What is more similar to that used in England and Wales? What is more similar to that used in England and Wales? What is the name of the country bordered by five countries? How is the Republic of the Congo bordered by five countries? How is the Republic of the Congo bordered by five countries? How is the Republic of the Congo bordered by five countries? What is the name of the country bordered by five countries? What region was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa? When the Republic of the Congo became the Republic of the Congo? What election has been held since 1992? What election has been held since 1992? What did the political stability and development of hydrocarbon production make Republic of Congo the fourth largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea? What did the political stability and development of hydrocarbon production make Republic of Congo the fourth largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea? What ethnic group occupied parts of Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo? What ethnic group occupied parts of Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo? What ethnic group formed the basis for ethnic affinities and rivalries among the Bantu countries? Who reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484? Who reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484? What became a major hub for transatlantic trade? What was the name of the major hub for transatlantic trade? What was the name of the major hub for transatlantic trade? What was the name of the area north of the Congo River? What treaty did Pierre de Brazza sign with Makoko of the Bateke? What was the name of the Congo Colony? What was the name of the capital of the Congo Colony? How did the construction of the Congo-Ocean Railroad cost at least 14,000 lives? When did Brazzaville function as the symbolic capital of Free France? What was the result of the expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending? What did Congo receive a local legislature after the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic? What did Congo receive a local legislature after the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic? When did the AEF dissolve into its constituent parts? When did the AEF dissolve into its constituent parts? What resulted in riots in Brazzaville in February 1959? What resulted in riots in Brazzaville in February 1959? Who was Fulbert Youlou's first president? Who was Fulbert Youlou's first president? What did the Congolese military install a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat? Who was Fulbert Youlou's first president? What did the Congolese military install a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat? What did Massamba-Débat adopt as the country's constitutional ideology? What did the regime adopt as the country's constitutional ideology? What did Massamba-Débat's regime invite Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units? What did Massamba-Débat's regime end abruptly with a bloodless coup in 1968? Who was the president of the People's Republic of the Congo? Who was assassinated on March 16, 1977? Who was assassinated on March 16, 1977? Who was assassinated on March 16, 1977? Who was assassinated on March 16, 1977? Who signed a friendship pact with the Soviet Union? Who signed a friendship pact with the Soviet Union? What did Sassou Nguesso rely on to maintain his dictatorship? What did Sassou Nguesso rely on to maintain his dictatorship? Who became Congo's first elected president? Who became Congo's first elected president? What did Lissouba attempt to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy? What did Lissouba attempt to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy? When did Lissouba and Sassou fight for power? What caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths in the conflict between Lissouba and Sassou? When did the Angolan socialist regime begin an invasion of Congo? When did the Angolan socialist regime begin an invasion of Congo? What were Lissouba and Kolelas' rivals prevented from competing? What did international observers take issue with the organization of the presidential election and constitutional referendum? What did international observers take issue with the organization of the presidential election and constitutional referendum? What was the name of the peace treaty to end the conflict? Who won the presidential election in July 2009? What did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights say Sassou won in 2009? What was the result of Sassou's presidential election? Who is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party? Who is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party? Who is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party? How has Sassou's regime been hit by corruption revelations? What did Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial"? When did Sassou Nguesso announce that his government would hold a referendum? When did Sassou Nguesso announce that his government would hold a referendum? What was the name of the main media owned by the government in 2008? What is one government-owned television station? What is one government-owned television station? What does the Congolese Human Rights Observatory say the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are? What does the Congolese Human Rights Observatory say that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way " pets" are? What is the first of its kind in Africa? Where is the Democratic Republic of Congo located? Where is the Democratic Republic of Congo located? What is the name of the short coast on the Atlantic Ocean? What is the name of the country that has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean? What is the name of the country that has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean? Where is Brazzaville located? Where is Brazzaville located? What is Brazzaville? What is the name of the capital of Brazzaville? What is the primary drainage of the Kouilou-Niari River? What is the primary drainage of the Kouilou-Niari River? What is the primary drainage of the Kouilou-Niari River? What are the forests under increasing exploitation pressure? What is the average yearly rainfall in Niari Valley? What is the average yearly rainfall in the Niari Valley? What is the average yearly rainfall in the Niari Valley? What is the dry season in the Niari Valley? In 2006-07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region? In 2006-07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region? What does the Wildlife Conservation Society suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas? What has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy? What has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy? What has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy? What percentage of the country's oil sector has large untapped mineral wealth? What percentage of the country's oil sector has large untapped mineral wealth? What has the government mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings? What has the government mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings? What year did the devaluation of Franc Zone currencies result in inflation of 46%? What year did the devaluation of Franc Zone currencies result in inflation of 46%? What did Nguesso do when he returned to power? What did Nguesso do to the economy? What did Nguesso do to the economy? What is the name of the recent major Congolese exports? What are natural gas and diamonds also recent major Congolese exports? What are the recent major Congolese exports? What country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa? What country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa? What did the Congolese government sign in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers? What includes land, air and water transportation in the Republic of the Congo? What is the name of the rail system in the Republic of the Congo? How many km of paved roads are there in the Republic of Congo? What type of port does the Republic of the Congo have? What is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa? What is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa? What is the largest ethnic group of the Congo? What are the most significant subgroups of the Kongo? What group of Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population? What group of Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population? How many American expatriates reside in the Congo? How many American expatriates reside in the Congo? How many American expatriates reside in Congo? According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics, Awakening Lutherans, and other Protestants? According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics? According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics, Awakening Lutherans, and other Protestants? What percentage of the people of Republic of the Congo are Muslims? What percentage of the people of Republic of the Congo are Muslims? What was the HIV/AIDS prevalence in 2004? What was the HIV/AIDS prevalence in 2004? How much of the Congo-Brazzaville population is undernourished? What was the HIV/AIDS prevalence in Congo-Brazzaville? What is female genital mutilation rare in the country? What type of mutilation is rare in the country? What is female genital mutilation rare in the country? What was the net primary enrollment rate in 2005? What was the net primary enrollment rate in 2005? Who can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four? What type of instruction does Marien Ngouabi University offer? What is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government? What is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government? What is the name of the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state? What is the presiding and actual head of government? What does the head of state hold a largely ceremonial position in parliamentary systems? How is the prime minister often a member of parliament? What does the monarch exercise in some monarchies? How is the prime minister often a member of parliament? What may a prime minister take other ministerial posts? Benjamin Netanyahu serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior? What did Cardinal Richelieu try to avoid giving the title to their chief ministers? What did Cardinal Richelieu try to avoid giving the title to their chief ministers? What did Louis XIV and his descendants attempt to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers? Who did Louis XIV and his descendants try to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers? When did the term prime minister originate? What was the name of the prime minister in the 21st century? Who were the ministers of England and the United Kingdom regarded as the head of the government? Who were the ministers of England and the United Kingdom regarded as the head of the government? Who were the ministers of England and the United Kingdom regarded as the head of the government? What was the power of the ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch? What was the power of the ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch? When did Harley and St John share power? What did Kings sometimes divide power between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful? What did Parliament gain power in the mid 17th century? What did Parliament gain power in the mid 17th century? What did the House of Commons become a part of the government? What was the name of the point in the evolution of the prime ministership? What was the name of the point in the evolution of the prime ministership? What was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government? Who chaired cabinet meetings? What was the name of the Whig politician Robert Walpole? When did the doctrine of cabinet solidarity develop? Who required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king? What did Lord Melbourne say, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing"? Who denied that he was a "prime minister"? Who did George II and George III make strenuous efforts to reclaim the power of the monarch? What was the title of William Pitt the Younger first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli? What was the title of William Pitt the Younger first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli? What did the majority of the world's countries have a prime minister or equivalent minister? What is Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah? What is Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah? Who is Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah? What may be encountered in constitutional monarchies? What may be encountered in constitutional monarchies? What is the name of the head of government of the People's Republic of China? What is the name of the head of government of the People's Republic of China? What is the name of the head of government of the People's Republic of China? When a state of affairs arises, what is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation? What can the parliament force the resignation of the government? What does Bangladesh's constitution clearly outline the functions and powers of the Prime Minister? What does Bangladesh's constitution clearly outline the functions and powers of the Prime Minister? What is the name of a Chinese Premier? What was the Chinese language of the People's Republic of China? What does Canada's Constitution Act add to a "Prime Minister of Canada"? What does Canada's Constitution Act add to a "Prime Minister of Canada"? What does Canada's Constitution Act add to a "Prime Minister of Canada"? What does Czech Republic's constitution clearly outline the functions and powers of the Prime Minister? What is often said to be not to exist in the United Kingdom's constitution? What does the prime minister sit in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office? What does the prime minister sit in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office? How did Margaret Thatcher remain in power until 1990? How did Margaret Thatcher remain in power until 1990? What did Margaret Thatcher remain in power until 1990? How did Margaret Thatcher remain in power until 1990? Why is the Irish Taoiseach formally'renominated' after every general election? What position is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament? Why is the Irish Taoiseach formally'renominated' after every general election? Where are governments generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament? Where are governments generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament? Where do most constitutional systems require a motion of no confidence passed against them? How can a head of state refuse a parliamentary dissolution? How can a head of state refuse a parliamentary dissolution? How can a head of state refuse a parliamentary dissolution? What is the tradition of the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament? What did the Irish Free State Constitution grant to the Taoiseach the right to make the request? What did the Irish Free State Constitution grant to the Taoiseach the right to make the request? What is the tradition of the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament? Who is expected to step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party? What does Rosh HaMemshalah mean? What does Rosh HaMemshalah mean? What does Rosh HaMemshalah mean? What does Rosh HaMemshalah mean? What is the name of the prime minister in Scandinavian countries? What is the name of the prime minister in Scandinavian countries? What is the convention in the English language to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister"? What is the name of the Taoiseach? What is the name of the Taoiseach? What does the Taoiseach mean? What is the name of the president of Iran? In non-Commonwealth countries the prime minister may be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president? What is a privilege to be current members of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council? What are prime ministers and former prime ministers styled Right Honourable? What are prime ministers and former prime ministers styled Right Honourable? What is the name of the Prime Minister in India? What are the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments referred to as First Minister? What is Pradhan Mantri referred to as? What is the name of the prime minister in Pakistan? What is the name of the prime minister in Pakistan? What is the name of the Cabinet Office in the United Kingdom? What is the name of the Cabinet Office in the United Kingdom? What does the term institute of technology refer to? What is the Greek term for polytechnic? What is the Greek term for polytechnic? What is the Greek word for "many"? What do the terms "institute of technology" and " polytechnic" mean? What is the name of the oldest German institute of technology? What is the name of the world's first institution of technology? What is the oldest German Institute of Technology? What is the name of the École Polytechnique? What are the Istanbul Technical University, ETH Zurich, YTE, Delft University of Technology and RWTH Aachen considered universities? When was the CNAA disbanded? What is the name of the Royal Polytechnic Institution? What was the name of the Royal Polytechnic Institution? What did polytechnics and institutes of technology have a quite different statute among each other? What did AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the Australian Technology Network a few years later? What was the name of the college of advanced education system? What has the term been applied to some technically minded technical and further education institutes? What is a recent example of the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE? What was the name of the old college system in Tasmania in 2009? In the higher education sector, there are seven designated Universities of Technology in Australia? What is a German type of tertiary education institution? What do Fachhochschules grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees? What does the hogeschool have many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas? What are the institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium currently undergoing academization process? What are the current three Technical Universities in the Netherlands? What are the current three Technical Universities in the Netherlands? What type of institutions are independent in Cambodia? What is the name of the polytechnic divisions in Canada? What type of research does Canadian higher education institutions offer? What do Canadian higher education institutions undertake directed and applied research with funding allocated through public funding, private equity, or industry sources? What are some of Canada's most respected colleges and polytechnic institutions involved in collaborative institute-industry projects? What are some of Canada's most respected colleges and polytechnic institutions involved in collaborative institute-industry projects? What did the Imperial Tientsin University offer? What did the Imperial Tientsin University offer? How many of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical? What was the law about polytechnic education in Croatia passed in 1997? What does the Geophysics Institute monitor over the country's seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity? What is one of the oldest observatories in South America? What is the name of the National Observatory of Ecuador? What was the name of the Quito Astronomical Observatory? What is the largest infrastructure in Ecuador? What is its mission to provide high quality education, training and research in the fields of science and technology? What has MIT been able to create linkages with universities and colleges in the United States of America? What are some universities of technology allowed to grant? Prior to Bologna process, M.Sc. (Tech.) required what? How many credits did M.Sc. require from a normal university? What is the common term for yrkeshögskola? What has many similarities to the hogeschool in Belgium and in the Netherlands and to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas? What is the common term for polytechnic schools in Finland? What type of universities provide science and technology curricula as autonomous higher education engineering institutes? What is the name of the institution that provides undergraduate technology curricula? What is the name of the institut universitaire de technologie? What is the term for a type of institution called Fachhochschule in the German-speaking part of Switzerland? What is the term for Écoles Polytechniques? What is the term for Écoles Polytechniques? What is the term for Écoles Polytechniques? What is the name of the first institute that offers courses in social science, medicine, business and design? What do Fachhochschulen grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees? What do Fachhochschulen grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees? What are the common terms for universities of technology or technical university? What can Technische Universität grant habilitation and doctoral degrees? What universities have a faculty of medicine associated with? What group of interests has TU9 German Institutes of Technology? How many students are enrolled in the Technische Universität in Germany? How many students are enrolled in the Technische Universität in Germany? What states have the highest counts of TUs? What is a joint-venture of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University of Hanover? What did the Technological Educational Institute confer? What was the name of the first polytechnic in Hong Kong? What is the name of the second polytechnic in Hong Kong? What is the name of the second polytechnic in Hong Kong? What was the name of the University of Science and Technology founded in 1991? What were the two polytechnics granted university status in 1994? What was the name of the world's first Institute of Technology? What was the name of the world's first Institute of Technology? What was the name of the world's first Institute of Technology? How many Indian Institutes of Technology offer higher technical courses? How many Indian Institutes of Technology offer higher technical courses? What is the AICTE? What is a specific academic award usually awarded in technical or vocational courses in India? What is the name of the four public institutes of technology in Indonesia? What does Politeknik offer vocational education? What is the name of the "Institute of Technology" system? What system did Trinity College acquire the authority to confer its own degrees? What does Politecnico refer to? What was the name of the two largest industrial cities of the north? What did the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research and Ministry of Economy and Finance jointly establish the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia? Who was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty? What is the name of the institute of technology in Japan? What institution provides courses for bachelor's degree & Bachelor of Science? What was Politeknik Ungku Omar established by the Ministry of Education? What is the amount of RM24.5 million used to fund the pioneer of Politeknik Ungku Omar? How many polytechnics have Malaysia developed in engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses? How many polytechnics have Malaysia developed in engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses? How many polytechnics have Malaysia developed in engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses? What is the only technical university in Mauritius? What is the main campus of the University of Technology in Mauritius? What is the term 'institute of technology'? What has one opted for the name 'Universal College of Learning'? What is the term 'institute of technology'? What did the Central Institute of Technology explore a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology? How has New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system been consolidated? What did the Central Institute of Technology explore a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology? What was the only other amalgamation in the colleges of education? What is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to university status? What is the main purpose of the Polytechnic Institutes? What is the main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes? What is the main purpose of the Polytechnic Institutes in Pakistan? How can students gain lateral entry to engineering degree courses after successfully completing a diploma at a polytechnic? What is the name of the degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences? What is a main type of technical university name in Poland? After the Bologna Process in 2007, they have been allowed to offer 2nd cycle (master's degrees to its students? What was the result of the Bologna Process? What does Singapore's polytechnic system offer transfer credits? How many polytechnics are in Singapore? What is the name of the five polytechnics in Singapore? What did the Banská Akadémia start? What is the name of the world's first institution of technology or technical education? What did the Banská Akadémia start? When did the department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics and department of Forestry settle? What has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world? What has South Africa been given the power to award certain technology degrees? What was the power of Technikons in 1993? What have former Technikons been merged with traditional Universities? What are some of Thailand's institutes of technology developed from technical colleges? What are some of Thailand's institutes of technology developed from? What is the name of the Pathumwan Institute of Technology? What is the name of the two former institutes of technology? Which two former institutes of technology changed their name to "University of Technology"? What is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established in 1989? What is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established in 1989? What is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established in 1989? What is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established in 1989? What was the name of the sixth technical university that is about to be opened in Konya? What is the name of the six th technical university that is about to be opened in Konya? In the 1950s, how many technical universities were opened in Ankara and Trabzon? How did UK Polytechnics operate under the binary system of education? What did the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA validate? What was the Royal Polytechnic of Central London? What was the name of the Royal Polytechnic of Central London? What was Loughborough University of Technology called from 1966 to 1996? What was Loughborough University of Technology from 1966 to 1996? What was the name of the college of advanced technology in 1956? What meant that Polytechnics could confer degrees without the oversight of the national CNAA organization? What meant that Polytechnics could confer degrees without the oversight of the national CNAA organization? What are some technical institutes merged into regional colleges? What was the name of the school that provided further education between high school and Polytechnic? What was the name of the school that provided further education between high school and Polytechnic? What are the earliest and most famous polytechnic universities? What are the earliest and most famous polytechnic universities? When was technical education considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy? In the 1950s, what was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy? What was the name of the first IUT in Venezuela? Who adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie" system? What is the name of the digital archive of the World Wide Web? What is the name of the digital archive of the World Wide Web? What is the name of the digital archive of the World Wide Web? What is the name of the service that allows users to see archived versions of web pages across time? What does the Wayback Machine enable users to see archived versions of web pages across time? What is the purpose of archiving cached pages of web sites on their large cluster of Linux nodes? What is the purpose of archiving cached pages of web sites on Linux nodes? What is the purpose of the Linux nodes? What was the name Wayback Machine used as a droll reference to a plot device in an animated cartoon series? What type of time machine did Peabody and Sherman use to witness, participate in, and alter famous events in history? What time machine did Peabody and Sherman use to witness, participate in, and alter famous events in history? What did Brewster Kahle develop to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages? What do crawlers do not include all the information available on the Internet? What do "crawlers" respect? What is the purpose of Archive-It.org? What did Kahle allow researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database? What did Kahle allow researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database? When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley? When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley? What happens when snapshots become available more than six months after they are archived? What happens when snapshots become available more than six months after they are archived? What is the frequency of snapshots variable? What did Jeff Kaplan say sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included? What did Jeff Kaplan say other sites were still being archived? What did Jeff Kaplan say other sites were still being archived? How much data is stored on the Wayback Machine? What was the growth rate of the Wayback Machine? What is the data stored on the Wayback Machine? What is the data stored on the Wayback Machine? When did the Internet Archive migrate its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage? When did the Internet Archive migrate its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage? When did the Internet Archive migrate its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage? What was the name of the new version of the Wayback Machine? What was said on the Wayback Machine forum that "The Beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials into 2010"? What does the index driving the classic Wayback Machine only have a little bit of material past 2008? What did the Wayback Machine forum say that the index of all crawled materials will continue to be updated regularly? What became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries? What became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries? What did Chordiant motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file on its web site? What was the name of the case Netbula, LLC v.? What did Chordiant want Netbula to disable the robots.txt file on its web site? Who objected to the motion on the grounds that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site? What did Netbula object to the motion on the grounds that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site? What did Howard Lloyd do in the Northern District of California? What did Howard Lloyd do in the Northern District of California? What did Howard Lloyd do in the Northern District of California? What is the name of the provider of TVP Polonia? What is the name of the provider of TVP Polonia? What did Judge Ronald Guzman overrule? What did Judge Guzman overrule at the trial of Telewizja Polska? What are date stamps used to determine if a Web page is available as prior art for example in examining a patent application? What are dates used to determine if a Web page is available as prior art for example in examining a patent application? What can be exacerbated by the practice of submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports? What can be exacerbated by the practice of submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports? What type of archives do the Wayback Machine do not fill out forms? What type of archives do the Wayback Machine do not fill out forms? What could be interpreted as violating copyright laws? What is the reason the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws? What can be found in the FAQ section of the site? When did the Internet Archive remove sites that were critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine? What was the error message that the Internet Archive removed from the Wayback Machine? What was the error message that the Internet Archive removed sites that were critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine? What did Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey defend a client from a trademark dispute? Who amended the complaint to include the Internet Archive? Who amended the complaint to include the Internet Archive? Who amended the complaint to include the Internet Archive? What is a voluntary protocol that the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages as off-limits? What is a voluntary protocol that the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages as off-limits? What is a voluntary protocol that the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages as off-limits? What does the Internet Archive say that sometimes a website owner will contact us directly and ask us to stop crawling or archiving a site? Who filed a declaratory judgment action against Internet Archive? Who filed a declaratory judgment action against Internet Archive? Who filed a declaratory judgment action against Internet Archive? What did The Internet Archive do not move to dismiss copyright infringement claims arising out of its copying activities? What did the Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell jointly settle their lawsuit? What did the Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell jointly settle their lawsuit? What did the Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell jointly settle their lawsuit? When was a pornographic actor trying to remove archived images of himself? When was a pornographic actor trying to remove archived images of himself? What are the names of the United Provinces? What was the name of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands? What names preceded the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands? What was the name of the Low Countries that were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire? What was the name of the Low Countries that were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire? What was the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg? Who succeeded King Philip II of Spain? What was the start of the Eighty Years' War? What was the start of the Eighty Years' War? What was the Act of Abjuration? What was the Act of Abjuration? What was the Act of Abjuration followed in 1581? What was the Act of Abjuration? What was the Act of Abjuration? In 1582, the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them? In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them? What did Henry III and Elizabeth I decline the offer of sovereignty? What did both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England decline the offer of sovereignty? What was unsuccessful in 1588? How long did the Batavian Republic last? What did the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland replace the Batavian Republic? What period did republican forces take several major cities of the Netherlands? What country regained independence from France in 1813? What were the names "United Provinces of the Netherlands" and "United Netherlands" used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814? What was the Kingdom of the Netherlands? What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world? What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world? What is the oldest stock exchange in the world? What did a court rule that the Dutch East-India Company had to reside legally in a single city? What did a court rule that the Dutch East-India Company had to reside legally in a single city? What did a court rule that the Dutch East-India Company had to reside legally in a single city? Between 1590 and 1712 the Dutch possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world? Between 1590 and 1712 the Dutch possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world? Between 1590 and 1712 the Dutch possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world? What was the name of the confederation of seven provinces? What was the name of the Staten-Generaal in Dutch? Who was seated in The Hague? What was the name of the province that was governed by the Provincial States? What was the name of the raadspensionaris? What was the main executive official in each province? What did the raadspensionaris have more power than the raadspensionaris? What did the raadspensionaris have more power than the raadspensionaris? What did the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau always choose as stadtholders of most of the provinces? Zeeland and Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland? What province had the same stadtholder as Holland? What was the main power struggle between the Orangists and the Republicans? What was the main power struggle between the Orangists and the Republicans? What was the name of the Generality Lands? What were the Staats-Brabant and Staats-Vlaanderen? What were the Staats-Brabant and Staats-Vlaanderen? What was the control of the Dutch East India Company? Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company? What did James Madison show that the framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces? What did James Madison show that the framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces? What is the American Declaration of Independence similar to the Act of Abjuration? In the Union of Utrecht, Holland and Zeeland were granted the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished? Who was a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion? Who was a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion? What did the Reformed Church become the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic? What did any person who wished to hold public office have to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect? How did Roman Catholics become the religion of the enemy? What was one factor in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe? What was one factor in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe? What has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism? What has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism? When did the Synod of Dort tackle the issue of the Remonstrant faith? What changed the situation from more or less active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions? What changed the situation from more or less active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions? What word was used to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens? What did Albert Bernhard Frank use the word symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens? What was the term symbiosis used in 1879? What is the definition of symbiosis? What are fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own? What are some lichens facultative? What do some lichens consist of? What is also classified by physical attachment of the organisms? What is disjunctive symbiosis called? What is also classified by physical attachment of the organisms? What are some examples of endosymbiosis? What are some examples of symbiotics that live in root nodules on legume roots? What are some examples of endosymbiosis? What are ectoparasites such as lice and commensal ectosymbionts? What are ectoparasites such as lice and commensal ectosymbionts? What is a symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host? What is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit? What can be considered symbiotic? What type of gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines? Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organisms and various types of algae that live inside them? What does mutualisms help in extracting water and minerals from the ground? What does mutualisms help in extracting water and minerals from the ground? What is an example of mutual symbiosis? What protects the ocellaris clownfish from the stinging tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones? What is an example of mutual symbiosis? What does the goby fish dig and clean up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live? What happens when both the shrimp and goby fish quickly retreat into the burrow? What type of symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs? What type of worms were discovered in the late 1980s? What oxidizes hydrogen sulfide or methane? What type of worms were discovered in the late 1980s? What is the result of the host's growth processes? What does the host favor in order to regulate the growing population of the endosymbionts? What affects the genetic composition of the host? What causes many genes being lost during the process of metabolism and DNA repair and recombination? What is Muller's ratchet phenomenon? What could have been due to lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment of the host? What is the Latin word used to describe a relationship between two living organisms? What is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction? What are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies? What are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies? What are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies? What is antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis? What is an extremely successful mode of life? What is an extremely successful mode of life? What is an example of a tick feeding on the blood of its host? What is an example of a biotrophic relationship? What is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated? What type of symbiosis is rare in rudimentary reference texts? What type of symbiosis is rare in rudimentary reference texts? What is an example of antibiosis? What is often used to describe strongly asymmetrical competitive interactions? What is often used to describe strongly asymmetrical competitive interactions? What is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other? What is a short-lived condition in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved? What is Synnecrosis a short-lived condition? What is an example of the relationship between some species of bees and victims of the bee sting? What do bees die after stinging their prey inflict pain on themselves? What theory supports the evolution of all eukaryotes? What is symbiosis believed to have resulted from? What does Lynn Margulis believe symbiosis is a driving force behind evolution? What do Margulis and Sagan say that life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking? What role played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants? What did insects develop more specialized morphologies to access and collect rich food sources? In some taxa of plants and insects the relationship has become dependent? What is the unified armed force of Canada? What is the unified armed force of Canada? What is the unified armed force of Canada? What is the unified armed force of Canada? What type of personnel may belong to the Regular Force or the Reserve Force? What does the National Defence Act mean that the Canadian Armed Forces are separate from the Department of National Defence? Who is the reigning monarch of the Canadian Armed Forces? Who is the reigning monarch of the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the name of the Chief of the Defence Staff? What is the name of the Chief of the Defence Staff? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? When were Canadian ground and air forces based in Europe? When were Canadian ground and air forces based in Europe? What has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations since the end of the Cold War? What has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations since the end of the Cold War? What has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations since the end of the Cold War? What has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations since the end of the Cold War? What has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in international security operations in other parts of the world? What is the Canada First Defence Strategy based on? What is the Canadian defence policy based on? What is the Canadian Defence Strategy based on? What is the Canadian Defence Strategy based on? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy? What aided in the defence of their territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812? What aided in the defence of their territories during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812? What aided in the defence of their territories against attacks by other European powers? What aided in the defence of their territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces? What did the lineages of some Canadian army units stretch back to the early 19th century? When was the Royal Canadian Air Force formed? When was the Royal Canadian Air Force formed? When was the Royal Canadian Air Force formed? What were the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias? What was the name of the Canadian Army until November 1940? What was the first overseas deployment of Canadian troops during the Second Boer War? What was the first overseas deployment of Canadian troops during the Second Boer War? What happened when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany? What did the Crown-in-Council decide to send its troops into the Second World War? What did the Canadian Crown-in-Council decide to send its troops into the Second World War? How many international operations have Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators participated in? How many international operations have Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators participated in? How did Canada maintain an aircraft carrier during the Cold War? How did Canada maintain an aircraft carrier during the Cold War? What did Canada maintain an aircraft carrier during the Cold War? What are the Battles of Vimy Ridge, Dieppe Raid, Ortona, Passchendaele, Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German cities? What are the Battles of Vimy Ridge, Dieppe Raid, Ortona, Passchendaele, Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German cities? What is the name of the Battle of Vimy Ridge? What are the Battles of Vimy Ridge, Dieppe Raid, Ortona, Passchendaele, Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German cities? What was the largest volunteer army ever fielded? What was the name of the third largest navy in the world? What was the name of the third largest navy in the world? What is the current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces? What was the name of the unified Canadian army and navy? What was the name of the first World War that led to the establishment of a distinctly Canadian army and navy? What was the name of the first World War that led to the establishment of a distinctly Canadian army and navy? What did the Canadian Armed Forces name return in 2013? When did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name return? What did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name return in 2013? What was the name of the "Canadian Armed Forces"? What is the nature of the Canadian Forces? What have the Canadian Forces been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011? What have the Canadian Forces been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011? What have the Canadian Forces been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011? What is the nature of the Canadian Forces? How are the Armed Forces ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces? How are the Armed Forces ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces? What is the number of primary reserve personnel expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020? What is expected to be the number of primary reserve personnel by 2020? What is the total strength of the Armed Forces? What did the Government of Canada do to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? What did the Government of Canada do to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? What did Walter Natynczyk say the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members? What was the focus of the 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort? What did the 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort include? What did the Armed Forces acquire for the 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort? What was the focus of the 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort? What was the role of women in the CAF in the 1950s? What did the CAF begin to expand in 1971? What did the Department review in 1978 and 1985? What did the Department change to allow women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender? What did the Department change its policies to allow women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender? When did the Minister of National Defence create an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? What were the trials called Combat-Related Employment of Women? What were the trials called Combat-Related Employment of Women? What were the trials called Combat-Related Employment of Women? What did the introduction of women into combat arms increase the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent? What did the introduction of women into combat arms increase the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent? What did the introduction of women into combat arms increase the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent? What were women fully integrated in all occupations and roles by the government of Jean Chretien? What are combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots and flak jackets designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues? What are combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots and flak jackets designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues? What is an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments? What is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces? What does the Canadian constitution determine that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign? What does the Canadian constitution determine that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign? What does the monarch and viceroy have to follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet? What does the monarch and viceroy have to follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet? What do the monarch and viceroy have to follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet? How many members of the Armed Forces are divided into a hierarchy of officers and non-commissioned members? What is the name of the chief of the Defence Staff in command of the Canadian Forces? What is the name of the chief of the Defence Staff in command of the Canadian Forces? What does the Armed Forces Council generally operate from National Defence Headquarters? What are the heads of the Canadian Joint Operations Command and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? What number of Canadian Forces bases has been reduced since the 1970s? What type of training does Officers receive at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu? What type of training does the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School offer? What is the name of the RCN? What is the name of the RCN? What is the name of the RCN? What does the RCN participate in NATO exercises and operations? How is the Canadian Army headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army? Who is the Commander of the Canadian Army? Who is the Commander of the Canadian Army? How is the Canadian Army headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army? How is the Canadian Army headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army? What is the name of the regiment of artillery, armour, and combat engineers? What is one regiment of artillery, armour, and combat engineers? What does a tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance do with each brigade? What does a tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance do with each brigade? What do Major training and support establishments exist at CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright? Who is the commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force? What is the responsibility of the commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force? What is the commander of 2 Canadian Air Division responsible for training and support functions? What is the name of the grouping of various squadrons? What is the name of the Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force? What major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador? What is the name of the Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force? What is the name of the Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force? What is the name of the Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force? What does the RCAF and Joint Task Force maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region? What does the RCAF and Joint Task Force maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region? What does the JTFN maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region? What do CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to airports for short training exercises? What do CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to airports for short training exercises? What is the name of the new command that combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters? What is the name of the new command that combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters? What is the name of the new command that combines the resources, roles and responsibilities of the three former commands under a single headquarters? What is the name of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? What is the name of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? What is the main focus of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? What does the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command do? What does the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command do? What is the role of the Information Management Group? What is the role of the Information Management Group? What is the role of the CAF Cyber Task Force? What is the role of the Directorate of Cybernetics? What is the role of the Directorate of Cybernetics? What is the name of the joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments? What is the name of the joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments? What is the name of the joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments? What is the order of precedence for the components and sub-components of the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force? What is the order of precedence for the components and sub-components of the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force? Who is the Chief of Reserves and Cadets? What does the Chief of Reserves and Cadets represent? What is the name of the officer in the Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service? What is the name of the officer in the Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service? What are the majority of members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS? What are members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS held on the "Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List"? What is an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory? What is an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory? What is an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory? What is an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory? What is the only service dress that CAF members can wear on any occasion? What type of service dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF? What is the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF? What type of parkas are authorized for winter wear in cold climates? What are the navy, most army, and some other units having a ceremonial/regimental full dress? What type of headdress is coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn? What type of headdress is coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn? What is the most widely worn headgear? What is the CG634 helmet worn by the Canadian Army? What gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence? What was the amount allocated for defence spending augmented in 2005? When was the right of electing the pope reserved to the principal clergy of Rome? What did the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome begin? What was the term cardinal at one time applied to a priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church? When was the term cardinal applied to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome? When was the term cardinal applied to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome? What was the term cardinal at one time applied to a priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church? What is the origin of the term cardinal? What was the name given to the deacons of the seven regions of Rome? When did the Roman cardinals take part in the administration of the church of Rome and in the papal liturgy? When was only a cardinal eligible to become pope? When were cardinals given the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini? When were cardinals given the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini? Who was granted the privilege of wearing the red hat by Pope Innocent IV in 1244? Who was granted the privilege of wearing the red hat by Pope Innocent IV in 1244? What did the name cardinal begin to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour? What was the earliest example of the word cardinal? Who reserved the title for the cardinals of Rome in 1567? What was the earliest example of the word cardinal? What was the earliest example of the word cardinal? Who reserved the title for the cardinals of Rome in 1567? Who reserved the title for the cardinals of Rome in 1567? What did the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? What did the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? What did the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? What did the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? What prompted some monarchs to nominate one of their trusted clerical subjects to be created cardinal? In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs? Who was the ruler of France? Who was the ruler of France? Who completes the list of the "four great" cardinals to have ruled France? How many cardinal bishops did Pope Sixtus V limit the number of cardinals to? How many cardinal bishops did Pope Sixtus V limit the number of cardinals to? When did Pope Sixtus V set the maximum number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120? What did Pope Paul VI set a maximum age of eighty years for electors? Who increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches? What did Pope Paul VI set a maximum age of eighty years for electors? What did Pope Paul VI set a maximum age of eighty years for electors? What is the only exception for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches? Who retains the titular bishopric of Ostia? Who retains the titular bishopric of Ostia? What did Pope Urban VIII decree their title to be Eminence? What did Pope Urban VIII decree their title to be Eminence? What did Pope Urban VIII decree their title to be Eminence? What did Pope Urban VIII decree their title to be Eminence? What did Pope Urban VIII decree their title to be Eminence? What does the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally called? What does the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally called? What does James-Charles Noonan hold that in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English? What type of Patriarchs use Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis as their full title? What type of Patriarchs use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title? What is the name of the first name of the Cardinal order used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon? What is the name of the first name of the Cardinal order used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon? What assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope? What assumes that the new pope had been a cardinal just before becoming pope? What do some sees make cardinals? What do some sees make cardinals? What is one of the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? What is one of the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? What is one of the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? What was the rule that if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals? What rule remains that if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals? What rule remains that if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals? What rule remains that if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop, he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals? What was the name of the seven suburbicarian sees? What did Pope Pius X decree that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see? What did Pope Pius X decree that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see? What did Pope Pius X decree that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see? What does each see have its own bishop? What does each see have its own bishop? What does each see have its own bishop? What does each see have its own bishop? What does each see have its own bishop? What does each see have its own bishop? What are the cardinals of the Church collectively known as the College of Cardinals? What do Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum"? What does the pope choose the image on the outside? What does the pope choose the image on the outside? What is the scarlet biretta still displayed on the cardinal's coat of arms? What is the scarlet biretta still displayed on the cardinal's coat of arms? What is the scarlet biretta still displayed on the cardinal's coat of arms? What type of cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition? What does the blood-like red symbolize a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith? What is the name of the scarlet garments that a Latin-rite cardinal wears? What is the reason a cardinal wears a scarlet ferraiolo? What is the color of a cardinal's cassock? What happens when a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal? What was creati et reservati in pectore? Who was the last surviving cardinal who was not at least ordained a priest? What did Pope Benedict XV promulgate in 1917? What did Pope Benedict XV promulgate in 1917? What does a cardinal who is not a bishop have? What does a cardinal who is not a bishop have participated in recent papal conclaves? How was Reginald Pole ordained a priest in the 16th century? How was Reginald Pole ordained a priest in 1917? What is the purpose of the Cardinal Camerlengo? Who has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name? Who has the privilege of announcing a new pope's election and name? What did Pope John Paul I choose not to be crowned? What can cardinal deacons be recognized by the dalmatics they would do with the simple white mitre? What have Cardinal deacons long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests"? What have Cardinal deacons long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests"? What has been considered important? What has been considered important by Cardinals in the election of the Pope? Which deacons are given title to one of these deaconries? Who are the lowest-ranking cardinals? Who is the longest serving member of the order of cardinal priests? Who is the current cardinal protopriest? Who is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals? What do Patriarch cardinals do not receive title of a suburbicarian see? What are the most numerous orders of cardinal priests in the Catholic Church? What are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church? What are the most numerous orders of cardinal priests in the Catholic Church? What referred to key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome? Who abolished all administrative rights cardinals had with regard to their titular churches? When did Pope Sixtus V fix the maximum size of the College? When did Pope Sixtus V fix the maximum size of the College? When Pope John XXIII abolished the limit, he began adding new churches to the list? What is a branch of the Indo-Iranian language family? What is a branch of the Indo-Iranian language family? What is a branch of the Indo-Iranian language family? What are the three stages of historical Iranian languages? What was the language of Sassanid Iran? What group estimates there are 86 Iranian languages? What is the term Arya? What is the name of the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya? Who used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878? Who used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878? Who used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878? Who used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878? How are all Iranian languages descended from a common ancestor Proto-Iranian? What are the Indo-Iranian languages thought to have originated in Central Asia? What year was the Andronovo culture suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture? When was the Andronovo culture suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture? What was the reconstructed linguistic relationships of common Indo-European? When did the Old Iranian languages begin to break off and evolve separately? What does the multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages? How many Iranian languages have survived? What is the best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription? What is the last inscription in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct? By what century was the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian already far advanced? What are the other directly attested Old Iranian dialects? What are the other directly attested Old Iranian dialects? What is the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit? What is the effect of Middle Iranian indistinguishable from effects due to other causes? What are some of the hypothetical Old Iranian languages? What is a hint to the existence of otherwise unattested languages? What does Old Avestan have little meaning with regards to? What issue is the introduction of a western Iranian substrate in later Avestan compositions and redactions? What does Old Avestan have little meaning with regards to? What do the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants do? What do the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants do? What is a common intermediate stage to reconstruct depalatalized affricates? What are the consonant clusters *w and *dw? What are the consonant clusters *w and *dw? What are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian? What are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian? What are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian? What is known in Iranian linguistic history as the "Middle Iranian" era? What are the Middle Iranian languages classified into? What are the two languages of the Western family? What did the Eastern group retain similarity to Avestan? What did Bactrian write using an adapted Greek script? What did Bactrian write using an adapted Greek script? What was the official language under the Sasanian dynasty in Iran? What was Middle Persian in use from the 3rd century CE until the beginning of the 10th century? What were the Manichaean texts written in a script closely akin to the Syriac script? What were Manichaean texts written in a script similar to the Syriac script? What changed the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire? What was the name of the old prestige form of Middle Iranian replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court? What dynasty was the first to adopt the new language in 875 CE? What was the name of the first dynasty to officially adopt the new language in 875 CE? Who used the term "Dari" to describe the dialects of the northwestern areas between Isfahan and Azerbaijan? What did the Islamic conquest bring with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian? What happened to the Arabic script in the second half of the 8th century? What was the first Latinization of the Tajik script in the 1920s? What was the name of the Tajik script that was subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s? When was Tajik script subsequently Cyrillicized? What was the name of the region in which Iranian languages were spoken? What was the name of the region in which Iranian languages were spoken? What resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region? What is the only remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region? What is the only remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region? What is the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What does Proper lighting have positive psychological effects on occupants? What can save energy in place of artificial lighting? What is the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What is the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What does Proper lighting have positive psychological effects on occupants? What can save energy in place of artificial lighting? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What can be an intrinsic component of landscape projects? What can be an intrinsic component of landscape projects? What can be an intrinsic component of landscape projects? What can be an intrinsic component of landscape projects? What can be an intrinsic component of landscape projects? What is a form of backlighting? What type of downlights can use narrow beam spotlights or wider-angle floodlights? When was fire kindled in the caves of Peking Man? What type of animals were used as lamps after being threaded with a wick? What was the earliest form of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area? What type of lamps have been found in the Lascaux caves? What was the next major drop in price with the incandescent light bulb powered by electricity? What boosted the luminosity of utility lighting and kerosene lanterns? What happened to electric lighting in developed countries? What type of lighting fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for various functions? What are some of the most important functions of lighting fixtures? What is the percentage of light passed from the "bulb" to the surroundings? What is the color temperature of an incandescent bulb? What is the color temperature of an incandescent bulb? What do lower color temperature lamps have more energy in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum? What do lower color temperature lamps have more energy in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum? What type of lighting is classified by intended use as general, accent, or task lighting? What was Lightolier's invention? What type of transformer feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts? What is a modified version of cable lighting? What type of transformer feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts? What is an uplight intended for ambient lighting? What is the most common fixture in many homes and offices? What type of lamp is considered task lighting? What type of lighting would fall under accent lighting? What used diffuser panels hung like a suspended ceiling below fluorescent lights? What type of lighting would fall under accent lighting in a dark nightclub? What type of lights are being replaced with LED based versions in a movie theater? What type of lamps are being replaced with LED based versions in a movie theater? What type of lamps are rapidly being replaced with LED based versions? What are LED and photovoltaic luminaires used to provide energy-efficient alternative to traditional street light fixtures? What are some manufacturers designing LED and photovoltaic luminaires to provide an energy-efficient alternative to traditional street light fixtures? What are metal halide and high pressure sodium lights? What type of lighting can be used to deter crime? What type of lights can be used outside to illuminate and signal the entrance to a property? What type of lights are red and emit light to the rear so as to reveal the vehicle's direction of travel to following drivers? What are white or selective yellow lights placed in the front of the vehicle? What type of technology did some automakers use to backlight their cars' speedometers and other gauges? What indicate that the vehicle's transmission has been placed in the reverse gear? What type of technology did some automakers use to backlight their cars' speedometers and other gauges? What is the name of a removable and replaceable part of a light fixture that converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation? What is the name of a light fixture that converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation? What is shifting away from wattage and towards lumen output? What is shifting away from wattage and towards lumen output? What is the term for architectural lighting design? What is kno wn as 'architectural lighting design'? What does Radiance allow an Architect to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design? What is used to provide an acceptable lighting design? What does Daylight factor calculation take into account the amount of daylight received in an internal space? What do reflective surfaces have an effect on lighting design? What do reflective surfaces have an effect on lighting design? What is often used to simulate lighting designs for projects before they are built or renovated? What is a set of lighting cues prepared so that the lighting operator can control the lights in step with the performance? What are the tools and methods used in stage lighting? What is a measure of the density of luminous intensity in a given direction? What is the SI unit for luminance? What is the SI unit for luminance? What is the amount of useful light emitted from a source or the luminous flux measured in lumen? What is Lux analogous to the radiometric unit watts per square metre? What is used in photometry as a measure of the intensity of light that hits or passes through a surface? What are some of the most well-known methods of measurement? What is correlated color temperature commonly used as an indication of the apparent "warmth" or "coolness" of the light emitted by a source? What is correlated color temperature commonly used as an indication of the apparent "warmth" or "coolness" of the light emitted by a source? What is correlated color temperature commonly used as an indication of the apparent "warmth" or "coolness" of the light emitted by a source? What is correlated color temperature commonly used as an indication of the apparent "warmth" or "coolness" of the light emitted by a source? What represents the relative separation of object colors illuminated by a light source? What does research suggest using the well-established CRI along with another metric called gamut area index? What represents the relative separation of object colors illuminated by a light source? What measure an individual's exposure to something in the environment? What is the first device created to accurately measure and characterize light entering the eye? What is the first device created to accurately measure and characterize light entering the eye? What can the Daysimeter gather data for up to 30 days for analysis? What measures an individual's daily rest and activity patterns? What is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? What type of systems reduce energy usage and cost by helping to provide light only when and where it is needed? What is ZigBee? What is ZigBee? What is ZigBee? What type of sensor can control lighting when someone is within the area being scanned? What do passive infrared sensors react to changes in heat? What is the best application for passive infrared occupancy sensors? When motion can no longer be detected, the lights shut off? What is the oldest method of interior lighting? Why are daylighting schemes not yet popular among most buildings? How are LEDs becoming more efficient? What are the principles of nonimaging optics used to control the light emission of LEDs? What is important to avoid over-design illumination? What may help relieve symptoms of Alzheimer's disease? What happens when the human circadian system is entrained to a 24 -hour light-dark pattern that mimics the earth's natural light/dark pattern? What can lead to breast cancer, seasonal affective disorder, and other ailments? What did Robert Ulrich study in 1972 and 1981? What did Robert Ulrich study in 1972 and 1981? What did Robert Ulrich study in 1972 and 1981? Who conducted a series of studies analyzing the correlation between lighting and human emotion? Who conducted a series of studies analyzing the correlation between lighting and human emotion? What was the name of the method that kerosene could be distilled from? What did Dr. Abraham Gesner devise when kerosene could be distilled from petroleum? What was the cost of kerosene? What type of lamps use less power to supply the same amount of light as an incandescent lamp? What should be taken when selecting CFL's? What does the Energy Saving Trust say LED lamps use only 10% power compared to a standard incandescent bulb? What is a downside to the initial cost of LED lamps? What is a downside to the initial cost of LED lamps? What does the Energy Saving Trust say LED lamps use only 10% power compared to a standard incandescent bulb? What is a growing problem in reaction to excess light being given off by numerous signs, houses, and buildings? What can glare create safety issues around buildings? What can searchlights and flares be used? What is a critical part of the battlefield conditions? What has increased use of infrared cameras and image intensifiers? What can be used by the military to mark positions? What can be used by the military to mark positions? Who is an international authority and standard defining organization on color and lighting? Who publishes photometric data for their products? Who publishes photometric data for their products? What type of data is typically expressed in standardized form defined by the IESNA? What is the name of the organization that focuses on the advancement of lighting design education and the recognition of independent professional lighting designers? Who publishes a monthly newsletter? Who publishes a monthly newsletter? Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination? What is the name of the certification exam offered by the National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions? What does the National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions offer? What is one of three national (U.S.) certifications in the lighting industry? What is the name of the professional lighting and sound association? What is the name of the professional lighting and sound association? What is the name of the professional lighting and sound association? What are some of the subjects of the Professional Lighting and Sound Association? What is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu? What is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu? What philosophy influenced the writing of the United States Constitution? What is a system of checks and balances associated with? What philosophy influenced the writing of the United States Constitution? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? What did Montesquieu influence the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? What did the executive branch act in the name of the King? What did the executive branch act in the name of the King? What states kept the branches of government separate and distinct? What did the executive branch act in the name of the King? What was the name of the presiding officer in the House of Appeals? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? What did the Supreme Court hold in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? What did the Supreme Court hold in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency? What did the Supreme Court hold in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? What did the Supreme Court hold in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? What was one of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation? What was one of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation? What did Marshall say a general provision may be made to fill up the details? What did Congress delegate to the courts the power to prescribe judicial procedure? What was one of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation? What did Marshall say a general provision may be made to fill up the details? When did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority unconstitutional? What did the Supreme Court hold that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers? What did the Supreme Court hold that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers? What did the Supreme Court hold that Congress must set some standards governing the actions of executive officers? What was the case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called? What does the Constitution do not require the president to personally enforce the law? What does the Constitution do not require the president to personally enforce the law? What type of Bodies have direct Congressional oversight? What do the War Claims Commission, Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission have direct Congressional oversight? What is vested in the President? What is vested in the President? What type of Bodies have direct Congressional oversight? What does the Constitution empower the president to ensure the faithful execution of the laws made by Congress and approved by the President? Who writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties? What is the prescription for legislative action in INS v. Chadha? What is the prescription for legislative action in INS v. Chadha? What is an integral part of the constitutional design for the separation of powers? What is the power to decide cases and controversies vested in the Supreme Court? What does a court's judicial power do? What does a court's judicial power do? What are constitutional courts called? What is the power to decide cases and controversies vested in the Supreme Court? What does a court's judicial power do? What does a court's judicial power do? Who may not exercise the judicial power of the United States? Who may not exercise the judicial power of the United States? What does the vice president serve as president of the Senate? What does the president exercise a check over Congress through his power to veto bills? What does the vice president serve as president of the Senate? Who appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent? Who appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent? Who has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis? What is the duty of Congress to prescribe laws and regulations under which the armed forces operate? Who has the duty and authority to prescribe laws and regulations under which the armed forces operate? What concept is not written into the Constitution? Who established a precedent for judicial review in Marbury v. Madison? What common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality? What is the only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the courts? What is the only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary? Who presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial? What did James Madison write about the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others? What did James Madison write about the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others? What has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president? Who vetoed seven bills? Who vetoed seven bills? What did Andrew Jackson do during his two terms in office? Who was the first president to use the veto as a political weapon? What did the Tenure of Office Act require Senate approval for the dismissal of senior Cabinet officials? What did the Tenure of Office Act require Senate approval for the dismissal of senior Cabinet officials? Who attempted to restore the power of Cleveland's office? Who attempted to restore the power of Cleveland's office? What did Congress grant Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority during the Great Depression? What did Congress grant Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority during the Great Depression? Who used national security as a basis for Nixon's expansion of power? What is argued that checks and balances apply to the Judicial branch as well as the other branches? How can the Supreme Court withdraw a delegation to the Supreme Court? What is an example of the second view at the State level found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court? What is an example of the second view at the State level found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court? What are historical civilizations often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is the process of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures? What is the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings? What is often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings? What is the process of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures? What is the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings? What are historical civilizations often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? What is the equivalent of modern English? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture? What is the earliest written work on the subject of architect ure? What did Vitruvius believe a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmness, commodity and delight? What did Vitruvius say a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmness, commodity and delight? What was the name of Vasari's work? What was the name of Vasari's work? What was Vasari's translation of his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects? What did Leon Battista Alberti think of beauty as a matter of proportion? Who was the architect of De Re Aedificatoria? What did Leon Battista Alberti think of beauty as a matter of proportion? What was the most important aspect of beauty based on universal, recognisable truths? What was the name of Vasari's work? What did Pugin believe was the only "true Christian form of architecture"? What did Pugin believe was the only "true Christian form of architecture"? What did Pugin believe was the only "true Christian form of architecture"? What did Pugin believe was the only "true Christian form of architecture"? What did Pugin believe was the only "true Christian form of architecture"? What did Pugin believe was the only "true Christian form of architecture"? What was the art that disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men? What was the art that disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men? What was the art that disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men? What was the art that disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men? What was the art that disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men? What does Ruskin say a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned"? What did Ruskin say that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned"? What does Ruskin say a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned"? What did Ruskin say a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication? What did Le Corbusier write about the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction? What did Le Corbusier write about the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction? What is Architect ure? What did Le Corbusier write about the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction? What did Le Corbusier say: "This is beautiful. That is Architecture"? What is architecture? What was the effect of introducing the concept of function in place of Vitruvius' "utility"? What concept of "function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? What came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? What concept of "function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? What came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? What are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology? What are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology? What are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology? What are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology? In the late 20th century a new concept was added to the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture? In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture? What is the name of a building that should be constructed in a manner that is environment ally friendly? What is the name of the concept that a building should be constructed in a manner that is environmentally friendly? What evolved from the dynamics between needs and means? What did building become a craft? What did building become a craft? What did building become a craft? What evolved from the dynamics between needs and means? What are vernacular buildings that make up most of the built world that people experience every day? What did the economy begin to expand due to a surplus in production? What is widely assumed that architectural success was the result of a process of trial and error? What does vernacular architecture continue to be produced in many parts of the world? What were the early human settlements mostly rural? What did the economy begin to expand due to a surplus in production? What did the economy begin to expand due to a surplus in production? How did architecture and urbanism reflect the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural? How did architecture and urbanism reflect the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural? How did architecture and urbanism reflect the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural? How did architecture and urbanism reflect the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural? What early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China? What early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China? What early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China? What early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China? What early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China? What did pantheistic religion lead to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape? What architecture was governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras? What is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras? What is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras? What is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras? What type of architecture showed great regional diversity? What did pantheistic religion lead to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape? What was the widespread application of the pointed arch to influence European architecture of the Medieval period? What type of architecture began in the 7th century CE? What type of architecture began in the 7th century CE? What type of architecture is found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent? What was the widespread application of the pointed arch to influence European architecture of the Medieval period? What major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals? What did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry architectural knowledge across Europe? What did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry architectural knowledge across Europe? What did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry architectural knowledge across Europe? What did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry architectural knowledge across Europe? What did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry architectural knowledge across Europe? What were Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio ascribed to? What were Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio ascribed to? What were Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio ascribed to? What were Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio ascribed to? What were Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio ascribed to? What was the dividing line between artist, architect and engineer? What has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations? What has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations? What defines the structure and behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed? Who said architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that in and of itself it will promote social development? Who said architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that in and of itself it will promote social development? What did Nunzia Rondanini say architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that it will promote social development? What did Nunzia Rondanini say architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that it will promote social development? Who said architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that in and of itself it will promote social development? What can be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What can be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What can be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into mere instrumentality? What type of architecture developed in the form of the Classical orders? What type of architecture developed in the form of the Classical orders? What type of architecture developed in the form of the Classical orders? What type of "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders? What type of texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons? What are some examples of canons found in the writings of the 1st century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius? What were some examples of canons found in the writings of the 1st century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius? What are some examples of canons found in the writings of the 1st century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius? What are some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture? What did craftsmen form guilds during the Medieval period? What did craftsmen form guilds during the Medieval period? What did craftsmen form guilds during the Medieval period? What role did master mason play in Europe during the Medieval period? What did science and engineering affect the proportions and structure of buildings? What was still possible for an artist to design a bridge? What was the rise of the "gentleman architect"? What was the rise of the "gentleman architect"? What did the "gentleman architect" do in the 19th century? What did École des Beaux-Arts give much emphasis to the production of beautiful drawings? What did effective architects receive their training in the offices of other architects? What became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products became cheaper under machine production? What became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products became cheaper under machine production? What became a criterion for the middle class? House builders could combine features found in pattern books and architectural journals? House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals? What was the Deutscher Werkbund? What was the Deutscher Werkbund? What is the Deutscher Werkbund? What is the name of the German Werkbund? What did the Bauhaus school see as the ultimate synthesis of art, craft, and technology? When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings? What did pioneering modernist architects reject the architectural practice of the academic refinement of historical styles? What did modernist architects reject? What approach did modernist architects use to reduce buildings to pure forms? What approach did modernist architects use to reduce buildings to pure forms? Who developed Organic architecture? Who developed Organic architecture? Who developed Organic architecture? What did Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer work to create beauty? What did Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer work to create beauty? What did Minoru Yamasaki design the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? What did Minoru Yamasaki design the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? What did Minoru Yamasaki design the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? What did many architects find modernism devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles? What did Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen try to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism? What did Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen try to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism? What did the postwar generation criticize modernism and Brutalism for being too austere, standardized, monotone and not taking into account the richness of human experience offered in historical buildings? What is the school of metaphoric architecture considered to be merely an aspect of postmodernism? What is the school of metaphoric architecture considered to be merely an aspect of postmodernism? What is the school of metaphoric architecture considered to be merely an aspect of postmodernism? What is the school of metaphoric architecture considered to be merely an aspect of postmodernism? What style of architecture combined modern building technology and cheap materials with the aesthetics of older pre-modern and non-modern styles? What style of architecture combined modern building technology and cheap materials with the aesthetics of older pre-modern and non-modern styles? What style of architecture combined modern building technology and cheap materials with the aesthetics of older pre-modern and non-modern styles? Who defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed"? Who defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed"? What did the field of architecture become multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods? What has been criticised by some members of the architectural profession? What has been criticised by some members of the architectural profession? What has become a mainstream issue with profound effect on the architectural profession? What has changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment? What has been an acceleration in the number of buildings that seek to meet green building sustainable design principles? What has been an acceleration in the number of buildings that seek to meet green building sustainable design principles? What rating system has been instrumental in this? What do the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote? What does New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote? What do the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote? What does New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote? What is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators? What is the definition of the HDI used to rank countries into four tiers of human development? What did Mahbub ul Haq write about the HDI? What did Mahbub ul Haq write about the HDI? What is the definition of the HDI used to rank countries into four tiers of human development? What did the 2010 Human Development Report introduce an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What did the 2010 Human Development Report introduce an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What did the 2010 Human Development Report introduce an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What did the 2010 Human Development Report introduce an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What did Mahbub ul Haq devise in 1990? Who worked with Amartya Sen? What did Mahbub ul Haq devise in 1990? What did Mahbub ul Haq devise in 1990? What does EYS mean for a person 25 years-of-age or older? What does EYS mean for a person 25 years-of-age or older? What is the GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita? What is the GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita? What is used to transform a raw variable into a unit-free index between 0 and 1? What is the list of the "very high human development" countries? What is the list of the "very high human development" countries? What is the list of the "very high human development" countries? What is the list of the "very high human development" countries? What is a measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account? What is a measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI with a missing IHDI? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI? Which countries were not included in the 2014 report? What were the United Nations Member States not included in the 2014 report? What is the list of the "very high human development" countries? What is the list of the "very high human development" countries? What is a measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI? What is the list of the "very high human development" countries? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI? Which countries were not included in the 2011 report? What were the United Nations Member States not included in the 2011 report? What is the list of the "very high human development" countries? What is the list of the "very high human development" countries? What was the first report to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What are the countries in the top quartile of HDI? What were the United Nations Member States not included in the 2010 report? What did the UNDP say Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba's Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity"? What has Cuba ranked as a High Human Development country? What was the name of the 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP? What was the name of the 2009 Human Development Report? What was the 2009 Human Development Report? What were the top countries by HDI grouped in a new category called " very high human development"? What does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to as developed countries? What were some countries not included for various reasons? What was the name of the new index released on December 18, 2008? What was the name of the "statistical update" released on December 18, 2008? What was the name of the "statistical update" released on December 18, 2008? What was the focus of the Human Development Report for 2007/2008? What was the focus of the Human Development Report for 2007/2008? What is the focus of the Human Development Report for 2007/2008? What is the focus of the Human Development Report for 2007/2008? What was the focus of the Human Development Report for 2007/2008? What was offset by a decrease in HDI of high income countries? What is considered to represent "low development"? Where are Gabon and South Africa ranked 119th and 121st? How many sub-saharan countries joined the "medium development" group? How many sub-saharan countries joined the "medium development" group? How many sub-Saharan countries joined the "medium development" group? What type of HDI is considered to represent "high development"? How many countries were promoted to this category this year? How many countries were promoted to this category this year? What are green arrows followed by the number of spaces they moved? What are green arrows followed by the number of spaces they moved? What is a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study? Which country has been ranked highest twice in the Human Development Index? Which country has been ranked highest twice in the Human Development Index? What has been criticized on a number of grounds? What has been criticized on a number of grounds? What has been criticized on a number of grounds? What has been criticized on a number of grounds? What did the authors suggest the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins? What did the authors suggest the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins? What did the Human Development Report Office say they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI? What has the HDI extended its geographical coverage? What has the HDI extended its geographical coverage? What other definitions of southern Europe include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe? What other definitions of southern Europe include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe? What other definitions of southern Europe include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe? What other definitions of southern Europe include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe? What can be used to define southern Europe? What can be defined by geography, climate, and flora? What is the most emblematic climate in Southern Europe? What is the most emblematic climate in Southern Europe? What are some areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes? What type of climates can be found in some parts of Southern European countries? What does the north coast of Spain experience a wetter Atlantic climate? What does the north coast of Spain experience a wetter Atlantic climate? What is the name of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan? What is the name of the phytochoria recognized by Armen Takhtajan? What period began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece? What period began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece? What period began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece? When was the Roman Empire divided into the Western Roman Empire? By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople? What did the attacks of Germanic peoples lead to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476? What did the attacks of Germanic peoples lead to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476? When was the Roman Empire divided into the Western Roman Empire? When did the Byzantine Empire survive? In Western Europe, Germanic peoples moved into positions of power in the remnants of the Western Roman Empire? In Western Europe, Germanic peoples moved into positions of power in the remnants of the Western Roman Empire? What was the name of the period known as the Crusades? What happened to the Byzantine Empire in 1204? The Crusaders would establish trade routes that would develop into the Silk Road and open the way for the merchant republics of Genoa and Venice to become major economic powers? What movement worked to reconquer Iberia for Christendom? What happened to the Byzantine Empire in 1204? What period of upheaval caused demographic catastrophe in Europe? What caused demographic catastrophe in Europe during the Late Middle Ages? In the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453? In the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands, culminating in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453? What did a Renaissance of knowledge challenge traditional doctrines in science and theology? What did a Renaissance of knowledge challenge traditional doctrines in science and theology? What did a Renaissance of knowledge challenge traditional doctrines in science and theology? What did a Renaissance of knowledge challenge traditional doctrines in science and theology? What led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting in the Age of Discovery? What led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting in the Age of Discovery? What did the Spanish crown maintain its hegemony in Europe? Who invented the telescope and the thermometer? Who invented the radio? What led to the rise of colonial empires? What led to the rise of colonial empires? What did the combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain allow a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture? What did the combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain allow a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture? When did the Balkan nations regain independence from the Ottoman Empire? What unified Italy into a nation state during the period between 1815 and 1871? What was the name of the empire that ended the Papal temporal power? What was the name of the scramble for empires spread in what is known as The Age of Empire? When did the Allies defeat the Central Powers? Who defeated the Central Powers in 1918? What did the Big Four impose their terms during the Paris Peace Conference? What happened to Europe after the Second World War? What happened to Europe after the Second World War? What happened to Europe after the Second World War? What happened to Europe after the Second World War? What was Yugoslavia neutal? What involved the division of powers? What involved the division of powers? What resulted in the end of communism in the satellite countries? What resulted in the end of communism in the satellite countries? How did the European Union expand to include many of the formerly communist European countries? What is the most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe? What are the most common romance languages in Southern Europe? What other common romance languages are spoken in northwestern Spain? What are the most common romance languages in Southern Europe? What are the most common romance languages in Southern Europe? What type of languages are widely spoken in Greece and Cyprus? What type of languages are widely spoken in Greece? Which South Slavic language is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia? Which South Slavic language is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia? Which South Slavic language is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia? What language is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe? What does English have a small presence in southern Europe? What language does English have a small presence in Southern Europe? What is the official language of Malta? What is the official language of Malta? What is the Basque language spoken in the Basque Country? What religion spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire? What religion spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire? What type of Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe are generally Greek Orthodox? What are Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe generally Greek Orthodox? What does the United Nations Organization group countries under a classification of regions? What is Southern Europe grouped for statistical convenience by the United Nations? What is the name of the sub-regions according to the UN? Which countries belong to the Southern/Mediterranean Europe? Which countries belong to the Southern/Mediterranean Europe? What is the name of the British Broadcasting Corporation? What is the name of the British Broadcasting Corporation? What is the name of the British Broadcasting Corporation? What is the name of the British Broadcasting Corporation? What is the name of the British Broadcasting Corporation? What is funded by a television licence? What does the BBC rank as one of the world's largest television production companies? What system used a vertically-scanned image of 30 lines? What system used a vertically-scanned image of 30 lines? What system used a vertically-scanned image of 30 lines? What did Baird broadcasts continue until June 1932? What was achieved by using the BBC's new twin transmitter at Brookmans Park? What was the name of the studio that moved to larger quarters in 1934? How did the BBC move to larger quarters in 1934? How did the BBC move to larger quarters in 1934? What did the BBC move to larger quarters in February 1934? What did the BBC move to larger quarters in February 1934? What was the name of the first high-definition television service? What was the name of the first high-definition television service? What was the name of the first high-definition television service? What was the name of the first high-definition television service? What was the name of the first high-definition television service? What did the Baird system run on a trial basis for six months? What did the Baird system end with closedown on Saturday 13 February 1937? What did the Baird system end with closedown on Saturday 13 February 1937? What was the name of the station's range? What was the name of the station's range? What was the name of the station's range? What was the name of the station's range? What did John Logie Baird switch from Baird's company to BBC One? What did Baird's company switch to? What was the first broadcast on a dedicated TV channel? What was the first major outside broadcast? What did the VHF broadcasts provide an ideal radio beacon for German bombers homing in London? When was the VHF transmissions taken off air? What was the last broadcast of the Mickey Mouse cartoon? What was the last broadcast of the Mickey Mouse cartoon? What was the last broadcast of the Mickey Mouse cartoon? How many television sets were manufactured from 1936 to September 1939? Who was one of the original announcers? Who made the first announcement? What was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s? What was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s? What was the purpose of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station? What was the purpose of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station? What was the purpose of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station? What was the purpose of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station? What was the name of the BBC Television Service in 1960? What was the name of the BBC Television Service? What was the name of the show Doctor Who? What was the name of the BBC Television Service? What was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures? What was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures? What caused BBC2 to be put off the air? What was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures? What was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures? What was the name of the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour? What did BBC One and ITV begin 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously on 15 November 1969? What does BBC Two do not have soap opera or standard news programming? What did Sir David Attenborough commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series? What did Sir David Attenborough commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series? What did the BBC stop airing Tom and Jerry cartoons in 2000? When did the BBC stop airing Tom and Jerry cartoons? What did the BBC stop airing Tom and Jerry cartoons in 2000? What did the BBC stop airing Tom and Jerry cartoons in 2000? Who was granted sabbatical leave to work with the BBC Natural History Unit? Who was granted sabbatical leave to work with the BBC Natural History Unit? What is the name of the BBC Natural History Unit? What is the difference between the BBC One and BBC Two? What can vary greatly from BBC One and BBC Two in England? What can vary greatly from BBC One and BBC Two in England? What is the difference between the BBC One and BBC Two? What type of programmes have been created to cater for Gaelic-speaking viewers? What type of programmes have been created to cater for Gaelic-speaking viewers? What BBC produces daily programmes for Gaelic -speaking viewers? What BBC produces daily programmes for Gaelic-speaking viewers? What is the name of the BBC Scotland's comedy series Chewin' the Fat? What has the BBC come under pressure to commission more programmes from independent British production companies? What has been imported from English-speaking countries? What has been imported from English-speaking countries? What service allows viewers to view textual information on their television? What service allows viewers to view textual information on their television? What has the BBC not made a full transition to digital television? What did the BBC expect to save the BBC £85 million over the next five years? What did the BBC expect to save the BBC £85 million over the next five years? What did the BBC expect to save the BBC £85 million over the next five years? What was estimated to save the BBC £85 million over the next five years? What has caused some rights concerns to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations? What caused some rights concerns to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations? What caused some broadcasts being made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform? What caused some broadcasts to be made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform? When did the BBC celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins? What was the name of the DVD produced by the BBC? When did the BBC celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins? What was the name of the first reality parenting show? What was the name of the group that was absorbed into the BBC? What was the name of the new group that was part of larger restructuring within the BBC? What was the name of the new group that was part of larger restructuring within the BBC? What did the BBC begin to experiment with live streaming of certain channels in the UK in 2008? How did the BBC start experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK? When was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters? When was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters? When was Keeping Up Appearances sold to overseas broadcasters? What does the BBC's domestic television channels do? What are the BBC's international television channels funded by? What division of the BBC is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels? Who is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels? Who is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels? What channel operated between December 2004 and April 2006? What was the name of the general entertainment channel that operated between December 2004 and April 2006? What channel operated between December 2004 and April 2006? Who served two terms as the 38th Governor of California? Who served two terms as the 38th Governor of California? Who served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011? Who won the Mr. Universe title at age 20? When did Schwarzenegger win the Mr. Universe title? What was Schwarzenegger's breakthrough film? When did Schwarzenegger win the Mr. Universe title? What was Schwarzenegger nicknamed the "Austrian Oak" in his bodybuilding days? What was Schwarzenegger's second term? What was Schwarzenegger sworn in to serve the remainder of Davis's term? What was Schwarzenegger sworn in to serve the remainder of Davis's term? What was Schwarzenegger's second term? Who was Schwarzenegger's parents? What was the name of Gustav Schwarzenegger's parents? What was the name of Gustav Schwarzenegger's parents? What was Gustav Schwarzenegger's name? What was Gustav's favoritism? What was a problem in Schwarzenegger's household? When did Schwarzenegger pick up his first barbell? What did Schwarzenegger do when he started weightlifting? What did Schwarzenegger's father want me to be? Who did Schwarzenegger visit a gym in Graz? What was Meinhard's death? What did Schwarzenegger pay for Patrick's education and help him to emigrate to the United States? What did Schwarzenegger say he did not attend his father's funeral? What is the name of the first serious girlfriend of Schwarzenegger? What did Schwarzenegger say he was hit with belts? What did Schwarzenegger say was his ticket to America? What did Schwarzenegger win in the Junior Mr. Europe contest? Who did Schwarzenegger make his first plane trip in 1966? Who did Schwarzenegger make his first plane trip in 1966? What did Schwarzenegger do in 1966? What helped Schwarzenegger improve his rudimentary grasp of English language? What did Schwarzenegger do when he returned to Munich? What did Schwarzenegger do when he returned to Munich? Who did Schwarzenegger dream of moving to the U.S.? Who did Schwarzenegger dream of moving to the U.S.? When did Schwarzenegger win his first Mr. Olympia title? What was Ric Drasin's name? What newspaper said that Schwarzenegger was the most famous immigrant in America? What was Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder published in 1977? What was Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder? What did Schwarzenegger say he was teaching Transcendental Meditation? What did Schwarzenegger say he was teaching Transcendental Meditation? Who is considered among the most important figures in the history of bodybuilding? What did Schwarzenegger write a monthly column for Muscle & Fitness and Flex? What did the magazines agree to donate $250,000 a year to the Governor's physical fitness initiatives? What did Schwarzenegger do when he was elected Governor? What was one of the first competitions he won in 1965? What was Lee Haney's eighth consecutive Mr. Olympia title? What did Schwarzenegger say he was still working out every day? What did Schwarzenegger win in 1967? What was Schwarzenegger's first attempt in 1969? What was Schwarzenegger's first attempt in 1969? What did Schwarzenegger lose to Sergio Oliva? What was Schwarzenegger's first attempt to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world? When did Schwarzenegger retire from professional bodybuilding? When did Schwarzenegger retire from professional bodybuilding? What did Schwarzenegger announce his retirement from professional bodybuilding? What did George Butler and Robert Fiore do before the 1975 Mr. Olympia contest? Who won the 1975 Mr. Olympia? Who won the 1975 Mr. Olympia? What did Schwarzenegger keep his plan secret? What did Schwarzenegger do to win the Mr. Olympia? What did Schwarzenegger do to win the Mr. Olympia? What did Schwarzenegger admit to using performance-enhancing steroids while they were legal? What did Schwarzenegger collect in 1999? What did Schwarzenegger collect in 1999? What did Schwarzenegger do in 1999? What was the name of the film "Arnold Strong"? What was Schwarzenegger's second film appearance? What has Schwarzenegger discussed his early struggles in developing his acting career? What has Schwarzenegger discussed his early struggles in developing his acting career? What has Schwarzenegger discussed his early struggles in developing his acting career? What role did Schwarzenegger play in The San Pedro Beach Bums? What role did Schwarzenegger play in the 1950s film The Villain? What role did Schwarzenegger play in The Incredible Hulk? What role did Schwarzenegger play with Kirk Douglas and Ann-Margret in the 1979 comedy The Villain? What was the name of the sequel to Conan the Barbarian? What was the name of the sequel to Conan the Barbarian? What was the name of James Cameron's science fiction thriller? What did Schwarzenegger's roles reflect his sense of humor? What did Schwarzenegger make a number of successful films? What film was based on the Philip K. Dick short story "We Can Remember It for You Wholesale"? What was the name of the science fiction script for Twins? What did Schwarzenegger have a brief foray into directing? What did Schwarzenegger have a brief foray into directing? What was Schwarzenegger's commercial peak? What did the National Association of Theatre Owners call Schwarzenegger the "International Star of the Decade"? What film did Schwarzenegger reunite with James Cameron? What was the last of Schwarzenegger's three collaborations with Ivan Reitman? What was Terminator 3's third appearance in 2003? What did Forum Stadtpark say he was flattered? What did Forum Stadtpark say he was flattered? When did Schwarzenegger appear in The Kid & I? What was the name of the Governator? Who would have produced the Governator? When did Schwarzenegger announce that he was reading several new scripts for future films? When did Schwarzenegger announce that he was reading several new scripts for future films? When was Schwarzenegger considering a comeback film? What movie did Schwarzenegger appear in? What movie did Schwarzenegger appear in? In what movie did Schwarzenegger play Conan the Barbarian? In what movie did Schwarzenegger play Conan the Barbarian? What did Schwarzenegger explain why he was a Republican? When did Schwarzenegger appear in "Stop the Madness"? When did Schwarzenegger appear in "Stop the Madness"? When did Schwarzenegger appear in "Stop the Madness"? What did George H. W. Bush call Schwarzenegger the Republican? What did Schwarzenegger say he thinks of running for office many times? What did Schwarzenegger say he thought he might run for governor of California? Who was the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates? What did Schwarzenegger decline to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates? What was Schwarzenegger elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot? What did Schwarzenegger defeat Democrat Cruz Bustamante? How many votes did Schwarzenegger win? What percentage of the vote did Schwarzenegger win? What was Schwarzenegger's second foreign-born governor of California? What did Willie Brown say he would start a drive to recall Schwarzenegger? What did Schwarzenegger call the Democratic State politicians "girlie men?" What was the name of the election that Schwarzenegger called in November 2005? What was the name of the election that Schwarzenegger called in November 2005? Who appointed Susan Kennedy as his Chief of Staff? What did Schwarzenegger run for re-election against Democrat Phil Angelides? What did Gavin Newsom say he's becoming a Democrat? What was rumored that Schwarzenegger might run for the Senate in 2010? Who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger? Who was the sister of John F. Kennedy and mother-in-law to Schwarzenegger? In what movie is Schwarzenegger portrayed as president? What is Schwarzenegger's citizenship? Who is a dual Austrian /United States citizen? What was Schwarzenegger's endorsement in the 2008 U.S. presidential election? Who endorsed McCain? What was Schwarzenegger's endorsement thought to be a boost for Senator McCain? What group named Schwarzenegger one of 11 "worst governors" in the United States? What did Gray Davis do when he was recalled in October 2003? What did Gray Davis do when he was recalled in October 2003? What happened to Schwarzenegger during his campaign for governor? What happened to Schwarzenegger during his campaign for governor? What happened to Schwarzenegger during his campaign for governor? What did a fifth woman claim Schwarzenegger tried to take off her bathing suit in a hotel elevator? What did Schwarzenegger say was a leaf? What happened to Schwarzenegger in 1977? Who settled a libel lawsuit against Schwarzenegger? What did Richardson claim they tried to tarnish her reputation by dismissing her allegations that Schwarzenegger touched her breast during a press event? In what article did Anna Richardson claim Walsh and Main libeled her? What did Peter Pilz demand that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship? What did Peter Pilz demand that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship? When did Schwarzenegger sign a bill creating the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions? What did Schwarzenegger sign on September 27, 2006? What are the two bills part of a plan to reduce California's emissions by 25 percent to 1990s levels by 2020? What initiative did Schwarzenegger sign on October 17, 2006? What has Schwarzenegger installed solar panels to heat his home? What did Schwarzenegger's plan take effect in 2009? What does California plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states? What was Schwarzenegger's contribution to the direction of the US motor industry? What did the New York Post report that Schwarzenegger would face a constitutional hurdle? What did the New York Post report that Schwarzenegger was exploring a future run for president? What professor observed that Schwarzenegger's lawsuit could ultimately win him the right to run for the office? What did Schwarzenegger become a "prolific goal setter"? When was Schwarzenegger a millionaire? What did Franco Columbu start a bricklaying business? What did Franco Columbu and Schwarzenegger use profits from their bricklaying business? Who rolled profits from the mail order business into his first real estate investment venture? Who was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants? What did Schwarzenegger say he wanted to focus his attention on new US global business ventures? Who was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants? Who owns the Arnold's Sports Festival? What business did Schwarzenegger invest in? What does Schwarzenegger own? What does Schwarzenegger own? What does Schatzi mean? What does Schatzi mean? What does Schatzi mean? When did Schwarzenegger sell his restaurant? What was Schwarzenegger's net worth? What did Schwarzenegger say of his fortune? Who published Arnold and Me: In the Shadow of the Austrian Oak? What did Baker say Schwarzenegger had a huge determination to prove himself? What happened to Schwarzenegger's first date with Barbara Outland? Who was Sue Moray's assistant? What did Schwarzenegger meet Maria Shriver at the Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament? Who did Schwarzenegger meet Maria Shriver? When did the Rev. John Baptist Riordan perform the ceremony at St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church? When did the Rev. John Baptist Riordan perform the ceremony at St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church? Who lives in a 11,000-square-foot home in Brentwood? What is the name of the relationship between Schwarzenegger and Heather Milligan? When did the Los Angeles Times reveal that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son? What did the Los Angeles Times reveal that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son? What was Baena's birth certificate falsified? What did Schwarzenegger say he had fathered a child with his housekeeper? What radio station reported that Baena separated from her husband in 1997? Who has handled divorce cases for celebrities such as Jennifer Aniston and Reese Witherspoon? Who has handled divorce cases for celebrities such as Jennifer Aniston and Reese Witherspoon? What did Schwarzenegger say was not intentional? What did Brigitte Nielsen say she had an affair with Schwarzenegger? What type of valve was Schwarzenegger born with? Who opted against a mechanical valve? What did Schwarzenegger do when he was riding his Harley Davidson motorcycle? Who broke his right femur while skiing in Sun Valley, Idaho? Who broke his right femur while skiing in Sun Valley, Idaho? Who reported smoke coming from the cockpit? What was Schwarzenegger's official height? What was Schwarzenegger's height questioned in an article by the Chicago Reader? What did Bob Mulholland claim Schwarzenegger was 5'10"? What is the name of the book that Schwarzenegger devotes to his extramarital affair? What does Schwarzenegger devote one chapter to his extramarital affair? What is the name of Schwarzenegger's autobiography? What did Schwarzenegger do to the Humvee's manufacturer? What did Schwarzenegger do to the Humvee's manufacturer? What was Schwarzenegger's Bugatti's interior adorned in dark brown leather? What was the name of the Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought in 1992? What was the cost of the conversion of a Hummer to burn hydrogen? What was the cost of the first H2H that Schwarzenegger bought in 2004? What did Schwarzenegger sign an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants? What is the name of the organization that Arnold Schwarzenegger founded in 1995? What was Arnold Schwarzenegger's official spokesperson for the Special Olympics? What does Arnold Schwarzenegger do with After-School All-Stars? What is the mission of the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy? What is the mission of the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy? Who is the chairman of the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy? What is the name of the city on the south coast of Devon? What is the name of the city on the south coast of Devon? What is the name of the city on the south coast of Devon? What is a city on the south coast of Devon? What is the name of the city on the south coast of Devon? What was the name of the settlement that continued as a trading post for the Roman Empire? What was the name of the second English settlement in the United States of America? When did the Pilgrim Fathers establish Plymouth Colony? When was Plymouth Colony besieged? When did the Pilgrim Fathers establish Plymouth Colony? What was the name of the county borough of Plymouth? What was the name of the combined town of Plymouth? What did Plymouth's naval importance lead to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II? What happened to the Plymouth Blitz in 1967? What was the name of the county borough of Plymouth? How many people live in Plymouth? How many people live in Plymouth? What is Plymouth's economy influenced by shipbuilding and seafaring? What is the largest operational naval base in Western Europe? What is the largest operational naval base in Western Europe? What is the name of the settlement that is listed in Ptolemy's Geographia? What are the bones of Homo sapiens found in local caves? What is the name of the settlement that is listed in Ptolemy's Geographia? What was the name of the village of Sutton? What was the name Plym Mouth? What was the name Plym Mouth first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211? What was the name Plym Mouth first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211? What was the name Plym Mouth first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211? What did the Breton raiders do during the Hundred Years' War? When was the town burned by Breton raiders? What was the name of the fort that was built in the 1660s? What was the purpose of the castle protecting Sutton Pool? What was the name of the Act of Parliament passed for further fortification of Plymouth? What was Plymouth's home port for successful maritime traders? What was Plymouth's home port for successful maritime traders? What did the Pilgrim Fathers establish Plymouth Colony? What did the Pilgrim Fathers establish Plymouth Colony? What did the Pilgrim Fathers establish Plymouth Colony? What was the last major attack by Sir Richard Grenville? What was the last major attack by Sir Richard Grenville? What was the last major attack by Sir Richard Grenville? What happened to the Royal Citadel in 1665? What happened to the Royal Citadel in 1665? What did Plymouth lose its pre-eminence as a trading port? What did Plymouth lose its pre-eminence as a trading port? What was the name of the first dockyard built in Stoke Damerel? What was the name of the first dockyard built in Stoke Damerel? How many men were employed in Devonport in 1712? How many men were employed in Devonport in 1712? What was the name of the first dockyard built in Stoke Damerel? What were Plymouth's main imports in the 18th century? What was the main source of wealth in Plymouth? What was Foulston important for Devonport and Plymouth? What was Foulston important for Devonport and Plymouth? What was Foulston important for Devonport and Plymouth? What was William Cookworthy's venture to exploit the recently discovered deposits of China Clay? What was William Cookworthy's venture to exploit the recently discovered deposits of China Clay? What was William Cookworthy's venture to exploit the recently discovered deposits of China Clay? How was William Cookworthy involved in the development of the Eddystone Lighthouse? What was the purpose of the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? What was the purpose of the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? What was the name of the ring of Palmerston forts constructed around the outskirts of Devonport? What was the purpose of the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? What was the purpose of the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? What were some of the greatest imports to Plymouth during the latter half of the 19th century? What were some of the greatest imports to Plymouth during the latter half of the 19th century? What type of boats operated from Mount Batten? What type of boats operated from Mount Batten? What type of boats operated from Mount Batten? When was Devonport the headquarters of Western Approaches Command? When was Devonport the headquarters of Western Approaches Command? What was the main target of the Plymouth Blitz? What was the reason for the Plymouth Blitz? What was the reason for the Plymouth Blitz? What did Sir Patrick Abercrombie plan for Plymouth in 1943? What did Sir Patrick Abercrombie plan to rebuild the city? What did Sir Patrick Abercrombie plan to rebuild the city? What did the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre build? What did the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre build? When was Devonport Dockyard kept busy refitting aircraft carriers? What was the name of the 42 Commando of the Royal Marines? What was the name of the 42 Commando of the Royal Marines? What was the first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth? What was the first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth? What was the first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth? What was the name of the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament? What was the name of the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament? What was the name of the first female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament? What was the name of the first female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament? What was Plymouth's first Lord Mayor granted city status on 18 October 1928? What was Plymouth's first Lord Mayor appointed in 1935? What was Plymouth's first Lord Mayor appointed in 1935? What did Michael Foot become one of the most distinguished leaders of the Labour party? What did Michael Foot become one of the most distinguished leaders of the Labour party? What did Michael Foot become one of the most distinguished leaders of the Labour party? What did Michael Foot become one of the most distinguished leaders of the Labour party? What did Michael Foot become one of the most distinguished leaders of the Labour party? What did Plymouth lobby for the creation of a Tamarside county? What did Plymouth lobby for the creation of a Tamarside county? What led to Plymouth lobbying for the creation of a Tamarside county? What was the result of the 1971 Local Government White Paper? What did Plymouth become a unitary authority on 1 April 1998? What is the name of the three constituencies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom? What was the name of the three constituencies in the 2015 general election? What was the name of the three constituencies in the 2015 general election? What is the name of the three constituencies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom? What is the number of wards in Plymouth? What is the number of wards in Plymouth? What is the total electorate for the City of Plymouth? What is the name of the city of Plymouth formally twinned with? What city council is formally twinned with? Who was granted the dignity of Lord Mayor by King George V in 1935? What is the tradition that the position of the Lord Mayor alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually? What is the tradition that the position of the Lord Mayor alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually? Who is the incumbent for 2015-16? What is the official residence of the Lord Mayor? What is the name of the official residence of the Lord Mayor? What is the name of the Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way? What is the name of the Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way? What is the name of the Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way? What is the name of the city that lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west? What is the name of the city that lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west? What is the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall? What is the name of the city that lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west? What is the name of the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall? What is protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater? What is Drake's Island protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater? What is Drake's Island seen from Plymouth Hoe? What is the number of square kilometers of the Unitary Authority of Plymouth? What does the topography rise from sea level to a height at Roborough? What is a Site of Special Scientific Interest? What is the name of the site of special scientific interest in Plymouth? What is the name of the site of special scientific interest in Plymouth? What is the name of the site of special scientific interest in Plymouth? What is a Site of Special Scientific Interest? What is the name of the band of Middle Devonian limestone that runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock? What is the name of the granite mass of Dartmoor? What is evidence that the middle Devonian limestone belt was quarried at West Hoe, Cattedown and Radford? What is evidence that the middle Devonian limestone belt was quarried at West Hoe, Cattedown and Radford? What is the name of the band of Middle Devonian limestone that runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock? What was the name of the plan for Plymouth to rebuild? What was the name of the plan for Plymouth to rebuild? What was the name of the plan for Plymouth to rebuild? What did Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth do? What is Plymouth's largest park? What means a wide range of exotic plants can be grown? What is the annual mean temperature in Plymouth? What is a result of this summer highs are lower than its southerly latitude should warrant? What type of snow is rare? What are the warmest months in Plymouth? What type of rainfall tends to be associated with Atlantic depressions or convection? What is the average annual rainfall in the south-west? What year has the highest mean wind speeds? What days have the highest mean wind speeds? What is the average annual rainfall in the south-west? What type of area has average annual sunshine totals over 1,600 hours? What area has a favoured location when the Azores High pressure area extends north-eastwards towards the UK? What is the average average temperature of 4.25 days of the year? What is the average average temperature of 4.25 days of the year? What is the average average temperature of 4.25 days of the year? What happens during the winter half of the year? What happens during the winter half of the year? What number of students are at the University of Plymouth? What is the number of students at the University of Plymouth? What is the name of the University of Plymouth? What is the name of the University of Plymouth? What was the name of the University of Plymouth founded in 1992? What is the name of the University of St Mark & St John? What is the name of the University of St Mark & St John? What is one of only four independent colleges of art and design in the UK? What is one of only four independent colleges of art and design in the UK? What was the name of the college that is now one of only four independent colleges of art and design in the UK? What was the name of the college that is now one of only four independent colleges of art and design in the UK? What is the name of the city that offers courses from the most basic to Foundation degrees? What is Plymouth's independent school? What is Plymouth's independent school? What is Plymouth's independent school? What is Plymouth's independent school? What is Plymouth's independent school? What was the name of the Royal Naval Engineering College? What was the name of the new college in Manadon? What was renamed Dockyard Technical College in 1959? What was renamed Dockyard Technical College in 1959? What was the name of the new college at Manadon? What is the name of the offshoot of the MBA? What is the name of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory? What is the name of the offshoot of the MBA? What is the name of the offshoot of the MBA? What is the name of the offshoot of the MBA? What did the Office for National Statistics say Plymouth had a population of 260,203 in 2011? What did the Office for National Statistics publish that Plymouth had a population of 260,203 in 2011? What did the Office for National Statistics say Plymouth had a population of 260,203 in 2011? What was the average household size of Plymouth? What was the largest decline in the population since the 2001 Census? What was Plymouth's gross value added? What was Plymouth's gross value added? What was Plymouth's unemployment rate in 2014? What was Plymouth's unemployment rate in 2014? What was Plymouth's unemployment rate in 2014? What was the lowest life expectancy of any region in the South West of England? What was the lowest life expectancy of any region in the South West of England? What was the lowest life expectancy of any region in the South West of England? What was the lowest life expectancy of any region in the South West of England? What has been the most widely distributed gin? What has been the most widely distributed gin? What was the most widely distributed gin? What was the most widely distributed gin? What was the most widely distributed gin? What is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines? What is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines? What is the largest cluster of marine and maritime businesses in Plymouth? How many employers have chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth? How many employers have chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth? What does the Pannier Market mean? What does the Pannier Market mean? What was the name of the first ten British cities to trial the new Business Improvement District initiative? What is the name of the building that was restored to its 1930s look for £3.4 million? What is the name of the building that was restored to its 1930s look for £3.4 million? What is the project of urban redevelopment called the "Vision for Plymouth"? What is the project of urban redevelopment called the "Vision for Plymouth"? What is the project of urban redevelopment called the "Vision for Plymouth"? What is the name of the project that Plymouth Council is undertaking? What is the name of the project that Plymouth Council is undertaking? What did David Mackay say it was already ten years out of date? What did David Mackay say it was already ten years out of date? What did David Mackay say was a runner-up for the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture? What did David Mackay say was a runner-up for the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture? What did the Theatre Royal's production and education centre TR2 receive negative feedback before opening? What project involves the future relocation of Plymouth City Council's headquarters to the current location of the Bretonside bus station? How is Millbay being regenerated with mixed residential, retail and office space? How is Millbay being regenerated with mixed residential, retail and office space? What is the name of the A38 dual-carriageway? What is the name of the A38 dual-carriageway? What is the name of the A38 dual-carriageway? What are the three Park and Ride services located at Milehouse, Coypool and George Junction? What are the three Park and ride services located at Milehouse, Coypool and George Junction? What is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll? What is the name of the ferry service that Brittany Ferries operates from Millbay? What is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll? What is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll? What is a passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll? What was the name of the airport that operated flights across the United Kingdom and Ireland? What was the name of the airport that operated flights across the United Kingdom and Ireland? What did FlyPlymouth plan to reopen the city airport by 2018? What did FlyPlymouth plan to reopen the city airport by 2018? What is the name of Plymouth's railway station? What is the name of Plymouth's railway station? What type of stations are served by local trains on the Tamar Valley Line and Cornish Main Line? How many MPs from the three main political parties in the region have lobbied that the train services are vital to Plymouth? What is the name of Plymouth's railway station? What happened on the night of 4 February 2014? What happened on the night of 4 February 2014? What did Network Rail begin repair work and the line reopened on 4 April 2014? What happened on the night of 4 February 2014? What is the oldest church in Devon? What is the oldest church in Devon? What is Plymouth's oldest church? What is Plymouth's oldest church? What is the name of the first Brethren assembly in England? What is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in the English speaking world? What is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in the English speaking world? What is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in the English speaking world? What is the oldest Ashkenazi Synagogue in the English speaking world? What percentage of the population described themselves as being at least nominally Christian? What percentage of the population described themselves as being at least nominally Christian? What percentage of people without a religion did not state their religious belief? What percentage of people without a religion did not state their religious belief? How much did 7.1% of the population not state their religious belief? What was the name of the servicemen's playground? What was the name of the late night hub of Plymouth's entertainment strip? What was the name of the late night hub of Plymouth's entertainment strip? What was Union Street known as the servicemen's playground? What are the annual British Firework Championships held in August? What was the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks? What was the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks? What was the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks? What is the name of the music of the night performed by the 29 Commando Regiment? What is the name of the main theatres in Plymouth? What is the name of the main theatres in Plymouth? What is a society dedicated to the promotion of learning in the fields of science, technology, literature and art? What is a society dedicated to the promotion of learning in the fields of science, technology, literature and art? What was the name of the theatre in the Plymouth Athenaeum? What is the regional television centre of BBC South West? What are the main local newspapers serving Plymouth? What are the main local newspapers serving Plymouth? What are the main local newspapers serving Plymouth? What are the main local newspapers serving Plymouth? What is Plymouth's home ground called Home Park? What is Plymouth's home ground called Home Park? What is Plymouth's home ground called Home Park? What is the name of the group of English non-conformists that left Plymouth for the New World? What is the name of the four non-League football clubs in Plymouth? What is Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club? What is Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club? What club is currently competing in the third tier of Professional English Rugby? What was Plymouth cricket club formed in 1843? What was Plymouth cricket club formed in 1843? What is one of the oldest regattas in the world? What year did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? What year did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? When was South West Water supplied water to Plymouth? When did South West Water supply water to Plymouth? What was the name of the watercourse that was opened to tap the River Meavy? What was the name of the watercourse that was opened to tap the River Meavy? What was the name of the leat originally designed to carry water to Devonport town? What is responsible for waste management in Plymouth? What is responsible for waste management in Plymouth? What is the central location of the Langage Power Station? What is the name of the Langage Power Station? What is the name of the Langage Power Station? What was the name of the Plymouth Borough Police? What is one of the Devon and Cornwall Area Crown Prosecution Service Divisional offices? What is the name of the five fire stations in Plymouth? What type of lifeboat is the Royal National Lifeboat Institution stationed at Millbay Docks? What was the name of the Plymouth Borough Police? Where is the Royal Eye Infirmary located? Where is the Royal Eye Infirmary located? What is the name of the South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust? Where is the Royal Eye Infirmary located? Where is the Royal Eye Infirmary located? What is the name of the cemetery in Ford Park? What is the name of the cemetery in Ford Park? What does Drake Memorial Park do not allow headstones to mark graves? What does Drake Memorial Park do not allow headstones to mark graves? What is the name of the cemetery in Ford Park? When was the Royal Citadel built? When was the Royal Citadel built? What is Smeaton's Tower open to the public? What is Smeaton's Tower open to the public? How many war memorials are on The Hoe? What is the name of the early port settlement of Plymouth? What was the name of the National Marine Aquarium? What was the name of the National Marine Aquarium? What is the National Marine Aquarium on Sutton Pool? What is the name of the early port settlement of Plymouth? What is Crownhill Fort owned by the Landmark Trust? Where is Crownhill Fort located? What is Crownhill Fort owned by the Landmark Trust? Where is Devonport located? What is the name of the Devonport Heritage Trail? Kingsand, Cawsand and Whitsand Bay are popular? What are the popular places in Plymouth? Kingsand, Cawsand and Whitsand Bay are popular? What was the name of the Roland Levinsky building? What was the name of the Roland Levinsky building? What is the name of the landmark building of the University of Plymouth? What was the name of the Roland Levinsky building? What is the name of the landmark building of the University of Plymouth? What is the name of a person from Devon? What is the name of Plymothians? What is the name of a person from Plymouth? What is the name of a person from Plymouth? Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world? Who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world? Who died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico? Who died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico? William Cookworthy was a close friend of John Smeaton designer of the Eddystone Lighthouse? Which artist was born and raised in South Devon and trained at Plymouth College of Art? Who was the creator of children's series Mr Benn and King Rollo? Keith Rowe was born in the city in 1965 and MIMEO in 1997? What is the name of the avant garde prepared guitarist Keith Rowe? What was the name of George Passmore of the Turner Prize winning duo Gilbert and George? What is the name of the swimmer Sharron Davies? Who hails from Plymouth? Who was Donald Moffat born in Plymouth? Who was Donald Moffat born in Plymouth? Who hails from Plymouth?