Who appeared in the grotto at Lourdes? What metal is the statue of Christ made of? What is on top of the Main Building? What is the Grotto? What statue is atop the Main Building's gold dome? When did Scholastic begin? How often is Scholastic magazine published? What is the name of the daily newspaper published by the University of Notre Dame? How many student-run media outlets does the university have? In what year was Common Sense published? What city is the headquarters of the Congregation of Holy Cross? What is the name of the main seminary at Washington University? What is the oldest building on campus? Who lives in Fatima House? What prize did Buechner create? How many B.S. degrees are offered at Washington University? When was the College of Engineering established? What college did early courses in civil and mechanical engineering belong to? How many B.S. degrees are offered at Washington University? 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For how many years was the Review edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch? What was The Review of Politics modeled after? What was the name of the president of the University of Notre Dame? What did John Jenkins hope Notre Dame would become? What is the name of the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies? When was the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index created? What does the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index rank countries on? How many undergraduates attended Notre Dame in 2014? What percentage of students are children of alumni? How many teams participate in the Bookstore Basketball tournament? Who does the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club raise money for? How many undergraduates attended Notre Dame in 2014? What percentage of undergraduates live on campus? How many graduate housing complexes are there at Washington University? How many male dorms are there at Washington University? What percentage of graduate students live on campus? How many female dorms are there at Washington University? What is the Latin name of the Congregation of Holy Cross? What percentage of students identify as Catholic? How many times a week is Catholic Mass celebrated at Washington University? How many chapels are located on the campus of Washington University? What percentage of students identify as Catholic? What was the name of the theater that hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school? In what year was the Main Building destroyed by fire? Who was the president of the University at the time? When was construction of the new building started? What is the current name of the Science Hall? Along with a traditional scholastic emphasis, what was Notre Dame's previous emphasis? What college did Notre Dame add in 1921? Who became president of Notre Dame in 1919? How long did it take for Father Burns to bring Notre Dame up to national standards? Where was Harvard Law School? Who became head coach in 1918? 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What is the name of Beyoncé's 50/50 partnership with Topshop? What type of brand was created for Topshop's activewear market? When is the company and collection set to launch? What fashion retailer did Beyoncé partner with? When is the company and collection set to launch? What was the name of Beyoncé's management company? What fashion retailer did Beyoncé partner with? What city is Topshop based in? What type of brand was created for Topshop's activewear market? When was it announced that Beyoncé was a co-owner of Tidal? Who bought Tidal in the first quarter of 2015? When was it announced that Beyoncé was a co-owner of Tidal? What is Tidal? What was the main reason for creating an all artist owned streaming service? What is the name of the streaming service that Beyoncé is a co-owner of? What is the name of the parent company of Tidal? Who bought Tidal in the first quarter of 2015? What is an example of a streaming service that has been criticized for low royalties? Who introduced House of Deréon? What is the name of Beyoncé's grandmother? What company does Beyoncé and her mother founded? Along with handbags, what accessory is part of the Kate Spade collection? Along with the US, where is the Marc Jacobs collection available? Who introduced House of Deréon? When did Beyoncé and her mother introduce House of Deréon? What is the name of Beyoncé's grandmother? Where were House of Deréon pieces exhibited? Who introduced House of Deréon? What is the name of House of Dereon's junior collection? What type of footwear did Beyoncé produce for House of Dereon? Where did Beyoncé launch Deréon by Beyoncé? In what year did Beyoncé launch her own clothing line? What collection did Beyoncé Fashion Diva feature? What was the name of Beyoncé's new label? When did Beyoncé team up with C&A to launch Deréon by Beyoncé? What shoe company did Beyoncé team up with in 2005? What game did Starwave Mobile launch in January 2008? What was the name of Beyoncé's new label? 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How many Montanans joined the armed forces in the first year after the war was declared? How many Montanans joined the military before the war ended? How many Montanans died in the war? What is another name for Devil's Brigade? Along with Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow, where were air bases built? What is the aim of the Genocide Convention? What did paragraphs 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic address? What phrase has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law? What did the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia find in Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic? Whose opinions did the Appeals Chamber consider? What was necessary for an act to qualify as genocide? What must the perpetrator have intended in order to be found guilty of genocide? What country had taken a broad view of genocide? How many cases of genocide were there under other Convention States municipal laws? 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In what case did the ECHR rule that "intent to destroy" meant the intended physical-biological destruction of a protected group? What type of destruction was not necessary? What was included as a descriptive term in the process of indictment? Who defined genocide as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people?" Along with international relations, what aspect of society did Hayek want to mobilize? Who coined the term ritualcide? What term did Peg LeVine coin to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? What term did Peg LeVine coin to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? Who coined the term "ritualcide"? Along with language, culture and economic infrastructure, what was a key element of a genocide strategy? What is the main focus of the study of genocide? What does recognizing genocide as a crime mean? What is genocide viewed as when it is looked at in a general aspect? Who commits genocide? What was established to protect ethnic, national, racial and religious groups? Who most often commits genocide? What did the Peace of Westphalia protect? When was the Peace of Westphalia established? When was the word genocide first used? What is the Greek prefix geno-? What is the definition of a specific set of violent crimes committed against a certain group? What was the name of the Polish-Jewish lawyer who described the Nazi policies as genocide? Who described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name?" When was the word genocide first used? What did Winston Churchill call the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians? What was the name of the Polish-Jewish lawyer who described the Nazi policies as genocide? What is the Latin word for to kill? What is the goal of a violent crime against a group? What must be substantial enough to meet the requirement? What is a necessary and important starting point for an inquiry? In what terms should the number of individuals targeted be evaluated? What is a useful consideration in addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion? What do the judges raise in paragraph 13? What historical examples of genocide suggest that the area of the perpetrators' activity and control as well as the possible extent of their reach should be considered? What should be considered in addition to the area of the perpetrators' activity and control? The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by what? When combined with other factors, how can this factor be used to determine whether a targeted group is substantial? When did the Convention come into force? How many countries became parties to the Convention? How many permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty? What country ratified the UNSC in 1970? How many decades did the Convention languish? What did Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson state the CPPCG was the result of? What is the wording of the treaty not intended to be? What has been postulated that others lack? Jonassohn and Björnson go on to say that none of these alternative definitions have gained widespread support for what? Who postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods? What have academics adjusted their focus to emphasise? Who studied the whole of human history? Who studied the 20th century? Who studied the aftermath of World War II? What types of groups are excluded from the CPPCG definition of genocide? What book did M. Hassan Kakar write? What is excluded from the CPPCG definition of genocide? What is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state intends to destroy a group? What is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy? What is genocide? What are victimized groups defined primarily in terms of? What does Harff and Gurr differentiate between genocides and politicides? Along with religion and ethnicity, what characterizes a victimized group? What are short-lived outbursts by mobs usually condoned by authorities? Who murders people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership? What is the ordinary meaning of murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership? The legal meaning of genocide refers to what international treaty? What are non-killings that end in the elimination of the group? What is an example of a non-killing? Who defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction? What does Adrian Gallagher define as 'when a source of collective power uses its power base to implement a process of destruction? What does Adrian Gallagher define genocide as when a source of collective power uses its power base to implement a process of destruction? What does the definition of genocide broaden beyond the 1948 definition? How much of a group has to be destroyed before it can be classified as genocide? What are all signatories to the CPPCG required to prevent and punish? When are acts of genocide required to be prevented? What could no claim of genocide be brought against them at the International Court of Justice without their consent? What other country signed the agreement? What other signatories have protested the ethics and legal standing of the reservations? What does CPPCG stand for? What were the crimes against humanity and murder found guilty of? What was a specific crime that the CPPCG forbade? Who was prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust? Who coined the term "Holocaust"? Who dismissed Nikola Jorgi's appeal? What did the European Court of Human Rights note about the German court's interpretation of genocide? What was carried out by the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina to expel Muslims and Croats from their homes? Why did the Serb forces expel Muslims and Croats? Who found that the actus reus of genocide was met in the Momcilo Krajisnik case? How many people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide? What has happened to Vujadin Popovi and Ljubia Beara? Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and what? Radislav Krsti and Drago Nikoli have been found guilty of what? Who found Nikola Jorgi guilty? Who died on March 11, 2006? Where was Karadzic arrested? Who were the two Bosnian Serbs arrested on? What was he accused of? Who was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY? What does ICTR stand for? When did the genocide occur in Rwanda? Who created the ICTR? What is the ICTR's purpose? Who was responsible for the acts of genocide? Where is the genocide debate taking place? Who was the US Secretary of State in 2004? What committee did Colin Powell testify before? What body issued a report to the Secretary-General in January 2005? What kind of policy was not pursued and implemented in Darfur? Who did the Security Council refer the situation in Darfur to? What did the Security Council take into account in referring the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court? What permanent member of the Security Council abstained from voting on the referral resolution? How many reports has the Prosecutor submitted to the UN Security Council? What conditions lead up to genocide? Along with psychological and social processes, what creates an evolution toward genocide? Who showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence? What does past violence against the group that becomes the perpetrator lead to? What is one way to prevent genocide? What is a common phenomenon? What is reflected in the evolution of antibiotic therapy? When was the Luria-Delbrück experiment performed? What antibiotics used to have high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains? What type of processes take place during antibiotic therapy? What is a characteristic of bacterial strains with enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics? When was the Luria-Delbrück experiment performed? What experiment demonstrated antibacterial selection for strains having acquired antibacterial-resistance genes? What does the activity of antibacterials depend on? What has the use of antibiotics been shown to do? What does the bactericidal activity of antibacterials depend on? What does bactericidal activity require? What does the activity of antibacterials depend on? What are the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of an antibacterial? What are several pharmacological parameters used as? What do most antibiotics target? What antibiotics target the cell wall of bacteria? What target the cell membrane? Macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines target what? How are antibiotics classified? What antibiotics target the cell wall of bacteria? What target the cell membrane? How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics were brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s? How are antibiotics classified? What type of modifications are most modern antibacterials? What type of antibiotic is produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium? What is an example of a compound that is isolated from living organisms? How are sulfonamides, quinolones, and oxazolidinones produced? What are most modern antibacterials semisynthetic modifications of? What is the molecular weight of most antibacterial compounds? What is produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium? What genus produces penicillin? What disease was nearly eradicated in the developed world due to antibiotics and vaccination? Overuse of antibiotics led to what? What organization classifies antimicrobial resistance as a serious threat? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What does the World Health Organization say about antimicrobial resistance? What did bacteria do as a result of overuse? What organization classifies antimicrobial resistance as a serious threat? In what century did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What has led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What did bacteria do as a result of overuse? What organization classifies antimicrobial resistance as a serious threat? How many regions of the world are affected by antimicrobial resistance? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance? What kind of raising led to overuse of antibiotics? What disease was nearly eradicated in the developed world due to antibiotics and vaccination? What happens when a patient has proven or suspected infection but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified? Where does the identification process take place? What type of antibiotic is used to treat microorganisms? What type of antibiotic is most effective while a microorganism is being identified? How long does the identification process in the laboratory take? What type of antibiotic is used to treat microorganisms? What happens in empirical therapy when a patient has proven or suspected infection but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified? What is initiated before the doctor knows the exact identification of the microorganism causing the infection? Along with fever, what is an example of an allergic reaction? What causes diarrhea? What can overgrowth of antibacterials lead to? A quinolone antibiotic can interact with what other drug to cause tendon damage? What has the indiscriminate use of antibiotics altered? What are antibiotics screened for before approval for clinical use? Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for what use? What type of organisms are targeted by antibiotics? What is one of the most common adverse effects of epinephrine? What has been associated with chronic disease? What are antibiotics screened for before approval for clinical use? Along with photodermatitis, what is an example of a major allergic reaction? What is a common side effect of Clostridium difficile? What can overgrowth of antibacterials lead to in the vulvo-vaginal area? What can result from interaction of quinolone antibiotic with systemic corticosteroid? What is the effect of early exposure to antibiotics on humans? What does STAT stand for? Along with penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, and chlortetracycline, what antibiotic was used in STAT? What is it unclear about whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans? What is weighed against the beneficial effects of antibiotics in infancy? What is the effect of early exposure to antibiotics on humans? What is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota? What is it unclear about whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans? What do most studies indicate antibiotics do with contraceptive pills? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What might the effects on the intestinal flora result in? What have the effects of estrogen on the intestinal flora been? What should be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What do most studies indicate antibiotics do? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What might reduced intestinal flora result in? What do clinicians recommend when antibacterials are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What do most studies indicate do interfere with contraceptive pills? What should be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What is a side effect of the interaction between alcohol and antibiotics? What is moderate alcohol consumption unlikely to interfere with? What can alcohol cause with certain antibiotics? Is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed widespread? What is a possible side effect of an interaction between alcohol and antibiotics? What is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What can cause side effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy? What can alcohol cause with certain antibiotics? What is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed? What may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains? What can be exchanged between different bacterial strains or species? What may be absent from the bacterial genome? What type of transmission of mutations occurs during growth? What results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA? What type of transmission of mutations occurs during growth? What can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials? What are antibacterial-resistant strains and species sometimes referred to as? What is another name for tuberculosis? How many new cases of MDR-TB are estimated to occur each year? What is the abbreviation for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis? What has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What is an example of misuse? What has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What type of antibiotics are often misused by travelers? What is a common form of antibiotic misuse? What is one form of misuse of antibiotics? What is a prescription to treat viral infections such as the common cold? Who was more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients who appeared to expect them? What group was formed to address the misuse and overuse of antibiotics? Who coordinates the antimicrobial resistance task force? When did the "Antibiotics are not automatic" campaign begin? What year did the EU ban the use of antibiotics as growth promoters? What was the name of the report that restricted the use of antibiotics in the UK? What organizations have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production? What are the names of the two bills that were aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals? Along with the American Holistic Nurses' Association and the American Medical Association, what organization endorsed these bills? Where has there been extensive use of antibiotics? In what year was the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria raised by the FDA? In what year did the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York order the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock? Before the 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on what? How long ago were antimicrobial mixes used to treat infections first described? What did ancient cultures use to treat infections? What does the term "antibiosis" mean? Who introduced the term 'antibiosis'? What type of mold can cause infection? Who noticed the same effect in a Petri dish? What is an example of a drug that has been linked to the effects of mold? What could the antibacterial properties of penicillin be exploited for? What was the name of the first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial? What company developed Prontosil? Who led the research team that created Prontosil? In what year did Domagk win the Nobel Prize for Medicine? What was the name of the first naturally derived antibiotic? In what year was tyrothricin discovered? Who discovered tyrothricin? Who discovered tyrothricin? What was it used to treat during World War II? When was the first penicillin purified? When did penicillin G become widely available outside of the Allied military? Who developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk? When did penicillin G become widely available outside of the Allied military? Who determined the chemical structure of penicillin? What do vaccines rely on? What has been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases? What type of vaccines are made from attenuated whole cells or lysates? What is another option being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria? What do researchers infect pathogenic bacteria with? What is a concern about using phages to fight pathogens? What organization reported that the weak antibiotic pipeline did not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance? How many antibiotics against the Gram-negative bacilli were identified? When did the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) report that the weak antibiotic pipeline did not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance? What agency could clarify clinical trial regulations? What could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor? What does the ADAPT Act aim to combat? Who is the senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts? What nationality was Beethoven? What era did Chopin belong to? What instrument did Chopin primarily write for? What was the name of the Duchy of Warsaw? How old was Beethoven when he left Poland? When was Chopin born? What era did Chopin belong to? What city did Chopin grow up in? What instrument did Chopin primarily write for? How old was Beethoven when he left Poland? When did Chopin die? Who was Frédéric François Chopin's father? What instrument did Chopin primarily write for? What era did Chopin belong to? When was Chopin born? What city did Chopin grow up in? How old was Beethoven when he left Poland? What era did Chopin belong to? When did Chopin die? At what age did he settle in Paris? How many public performances did Mozart give in his last 18 years? In what year did he obtain French citizenship? Where did Sand visit in 1838-39? What disease was he thought to have died of? In what city did he settle? How many public performances did Mozart give in his last 18 years? Who did Chopin form a friendship with? In what year did he obtain French citizenship? What was the name of the woman to whom he was engaged? At what age did he settle in Paris? How many public performances did Mozart give in his last 18 years? In what year did he obtain French citizenship? Who arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848? In what year did he obtain French citizenship? Who arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848? What disease was he thought to have died of? What is the name of one of Chopin's compositions? What did Chopin invent? Along with J.S. Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who's music did Haydn admire? Along with nuance, what quality distinguished Berio's performances? What city's salons did Haydn frequent? What is the name of one of Chopin's compositions? What did Chopin invent? Along with nuance, what quality distinguished Berio's performances? Along with J.S. Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who's music did Haydn admire? What language were some of Beethoven's songs written in? What is the name of one of Chopin's compositions? What language were some of Beethoven's songs written in? Along with nuance, what quality distinguished Berio's performances? Along with J.S. Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who's music did Haydn admire? What is the name of one of Chopin's compositions? What language were some of Beethoven's songs written in? What city's salons did Haydn frequent? What was Chopin's association with political insurrection? Chopin's love life and his early death have made him a leading symbol of what era? Chopin's association with political insurrection, his love life, and his early death have made him a leading symbol of what era? What has been the subject of numerous films and biographies? Where did Chopin compose most of his works? Where was Chopin born? Chopin's association with what has made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era? Chopin's association with political insurrection, his love life, and his early death have made him a leading symbol of what era? Where did Chopin compose most of his works? Chopin's association with what has made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era? Chopin's association with political insurrection, his love life, and his early death have made him a leading symbol of what era? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? When was Franciscus born? What is now generally accepted as the correct date? What was Franciscus's Latin name? How many miles west of Warsaw was Chopin's birthplace? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? When was Franciscus born? What is now generally accepted as the correct date? What was Franciscus's Latin name? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? When was Franciscus born? What is now generally accepted as the correct date? What was Franciscus's Latin name? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? Who did Nicolas marry in 1806? When was Fryderyk baptized? Who did Nicolas tutor? Who was Fryderyk's father? Where was Nicolas Chopin from? Who did Nicolas marry in 1806? Who was Fryderyk Skarbek? What was Fryderyk's older sister's name? Who was Fryderyk's father? Where was Nicolas Chopin from? What was Fryderyk's older sister's name? When did Fryderyk's family move to Warsaw? What language did Fryderyk's father teach? Where did Fryderyk live? Along with the flute, what instrument did Chopin's father play? What was Chopin prone to in early childhood? When did Fryderyk's family move to Warsaw? Where did Fryderyk's father teach French? Along with the flute, what instrument did Chopin's father play? What instrument did the mother play? How long after Fryderyk's birth did the family move to Warsaw? What language did Fryderyk's father teach? Along with the flute, what instrument did Chopin's father play? What instrument did the mother play? Where did Fryderyk live with his family? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who took lessons from ywny? How old was Fryderyk when he began giving public concerts? How many polonaises did Fryderyk compose in 1817? When was his polonaise in A-flat major composed? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who took lessons from ywny? How old was Fryderyk when he began giving public concerts? In what year did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? When did Fryderyk have his first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who took lessons from ywny? How old was Fryderyk when he began giving public concerts? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? When was the Saxon Palace requisitioned? What is the Kazimierz Palace used for today? Where was the Warsaw Lyceum reestablished? Where did Fryderyk play for the son of the ruler of Russian Poland? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eloquence? When was the Saxon Palace requisitioned? Where was the Warsaw Lyceum reestablished? Who played the piano for Fryderyk? What did Fryderyk compose for Grand Duke Constantine? Who wrote the dramatic eloquence "Nasze Przebiegi"? Where did Fryderyk play for the son of the ruler of Russian Poland? Who played the piano for Fryderyk? What did Fryderyk compose for Grand Duke Constantine? Who wrote the dramatic eloquence "Nasze Przebiegi"? When did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? What was the name of the Silesian composer under whom he took a three year course? What was the name of the mechanical organ? Who was visiting Warsaw at the time of the recital? On what date did Chopin perform his Rondo Op. Who taught Chopin the organ? What was the name of the Silesian composer under whom he took a three year course? What was the name of the mechanical organ? What did Tsar Alexander I present him with? What piece did Chopin perform at the eolomelodicon concert? Who taught Chopin the organ? What was the name of the Silesian composer under whom he took a three year course? What was the name of the mechanical organ? What did Tsar Alexander I present Chopin with? What was the first of Chopin's works to be commercially published? Who was Chopin's guest in Szafarnia? Where was Chopin a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski? How did his family react to his spoofing of Warsaw newspapers? What was spoofing in the Szafarnia Courier? Who was Chopin's guest in Szafarnia? What type of music did he encounter for the first time? Who was Chopin's guest in Szafarnia? What was the title of his letters home from Szafarnia? Where was Chopin a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski? In what year did Chopin's family move to Krakowskie Przedmiecie? Where did Chopin live until he left Warsaw? In what year did Chopin leave Warsaw? What did the Chopin Family Parlour become in the 20th century? Who painted the first known portrait of Chopin? In what year did Chopin's family move to Krakowskie Przedmiecie? In what year did Chopin leave Warsaw? What did Chopin's parents continue to run? Who painted the first known portrait of Chopin? Who died in 1827? In what year did Chopin leave Warsaw? What became a museum in the 20th century? Who painted the first known portrait of Chopin? Who did Chopin's parents run their boarding house for? What two boarders became part of Chopin's Paris milieu? What was the name of the student that Atkins was attracted to? Along with Jan Matuszynski, Jan Woyciechowski and Jan Nepomucen Biaobocki, who was a boarder at Chopin's parents' apartment? What was the name of the student that Atkins was attracted to? What was the slow movement of his Piano Concerto No. 1 dedicated to? When was Chopin's final Conservatory report? What two boarders became part of Chopin's Paris milieu? What was the name of the student that Atkins was attracted to? What boarder became part of Chopin's Paris milieu? What was the slow movement of his Piano Concerto No. 1 dedicated to? How many boarders became Chopin's intimates? Who was Chopin's family friend? Who directed Chopin's operas? Who was the governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen? Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. When did Chopin visit Berlin? Who was Chopin's family friend? Who directed Chopin's operas? Who was the governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen? Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. In what year did Chopin visit Berlin? Who was Chopin's family friend? What was Feliks Jarocki's profession? Who directed Chopin's operas? What year did Prince Antoni Radziwi return to Berlin? What was the name of the set of variations that Chopin composed after hearing Niccol Paganini play? When did Mozart make his debut in Vienna? How many piano concerts did Chopin give? What date was 17 March 1830? What was the name of the set of variations that Chopin composed after hearing Niccol Paganini play? In what city did Beethoven make his debut? What was the name of Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21? When did Beethoven return to Warsaw? Chopin's critics were accustomed to what? Who did Chopin hear play the violin? In what city did Beethoven make his debut? How many piano concerts did Chopin give? How many weeks after he finished his studies did he make his debut in Vienna? On what date did Chopin set out into the world? What country did Woyciechowski go to with Woyciechowski? On what date did Chopin set out into the world? Who said Chopin would "set out into the wide world with no very clearly defined aim, forever"? Who said Chopin would "set out into the wide world with no very clearly defined aim, forever"? Who left Poland for Austria? Where did he intend to go after Austria? When did the November 1830 Uprising occur? What continent did Chopin move to after his success as a composer? Who left Poland for Austria? On what date did Chopin set out into the world? What did Chopin curse the moment of his departure? In what year did Napoleon learn that the uprising had been crushed? What was the name of the Polish exodus? In what language did Napoleon use his given names in France? In what year did Napoleon receive French citizenship? Chopin remained close to his fellow Poles in exile as what? Chopin was an expatriate of what? When did Chopin arrive in Paris? Chopin was one of many expatriates of what? In what year did Napoleon receive French citizenship? Who is Chopin's biographer? Where did Chopin never return to? Where did he travel on a French passport? In what language did Napoleon use his given names in France? Who is Chopin's biographer? Chopin was one of many expatriates of what? Where did Chopin find many opportunities to exercise his talents and achieve celebrity? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? What did Chopin do with some of Adam Mickiewicz's verses? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? Along with Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Hiller, Heinrich Heine, Eugène Delacroix and Alfred de Vigny, who was a notable Parisian composer? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? What organization was Adam Mickiewicz the principal of? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Who became a wealthy financier and society figure? What was Albert Grzymaa's role in Chopin's life? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? What was Chopin's nationality? Where had Julian Fontana tried unsuccessfully to establish himself? Where had Julian Fontana tried unsuccessfully to establish himself? Who became a wealthy financier and society figure? Who became a wealthy financier and society figure? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Where was Julian Fontana a student? Who gave Chopin his first major endorsement? On what date did Chopin give his debut Paris concert? What did Chopin realize was not optimal for large concert spaces? Who did Beethoven no longer depend on financially? Who gave Chopin his first major endorsement? On what date did Chopin give his debut Paris concert? Who introduced him to the banking family? When did Chopin receive his first major endorsement? What did Chopin realize was not optimal for large concert spaces? In addition to teaching piano, how did Mozart earn money? For whom did he prefer to play in his Paris apartment? Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed a concerto by J.S. Bach for how many keyboards? What was the name of the venue where he gave his concerts? What Liszt piece did Chopin contribute to? Who arranged for Chopin's music to be published in France? Who was Chopin's pupil in 1838? Where did he prefer to play? Who performed a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards? Who arranged for Chopin's music to be published in France? Who did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? How did Mendelssohn describe his day? Who was the director of the Academy of Art? Where did Chopin go to in 1835? Where was the Lower Rhenish Music Festival held? Who did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? Where did Chopin go to in 1835? When did Chopin propose to Maria? Who approved of Chopin's proposal to Maria? Who did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? Where was Mendelssohn appointed musical director? What was Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow's position? What country was Maria from? Who did Chopin write a letter to in 1831? Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc. Who did Chopin first meet? On what date did Chopin make his Paris debut? Who did Chopin write a letter to in 1831? Where was Chopin's Parisian debut? Where did Chopin and Liszt live? Chopin lived at 38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin and Liszt at the Hôtel de France on which Rue? How many times did they perform together between 1833 and 1841? Who was Hector Berlioz's wife? Where was the charity concert for the Beethoven Memorial held? When was the first benefit concert for Hector Berlioz? Where was the Beethoven Memorial held? Where was the charity concert for the Beethoven Memorial held? Where was Liszt's Hôtel de France located? How many times did they perform together between 1833 and 1841? Who was Hector Berlioz's wife? What type of relationship did the two have? Chopin became enchanted with Liszt's theatricality, showmanship, and what else? What did Chopin do in response to Liszt's performance of his nocturnes? Chopin referred to Liszt as what? What piece did Liszt dedicate to Chopin? Who was Liszt's mistress? Who did Harold C. Schonberg believe Chopin was jealous of? Who did Harold C. Schonberg believe Chopin was jealous of? Who was Liszt's mistress? To whom did the composer write "I should like to rob him of the way he plays my studies"? Who did Chopin think Liszt was in a relationship with? Who hosted a party for Chopin in 1836? What did Chopin write on the letters? Who did Sand ask to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodziska? Who did Chopin meet in 1836? What was rumored to have influenced Sand? What did Chopin write on the letters? Who hosted a party for Chopin in 1836? In what year did Maria Wodziska's mother make it clear to Chopin that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely? What did Chopin write on the letters? Who did Sand ask to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodziska? What city did Chopin visit in June of 1837? When did his relationship with Sand begin? How old was Sand? What was the weather like on Majorca? Where was the former Carthusian monastery located? Who was Camille Pleyel? Where did Chopin play at a musical soirée? How old was Sand? Who was Sand's former lover? What type of monastery was in Valldemossa? In what year did Picasso and Sand become lovers? Where did Chopin and Sand spend the winter? How many children did Sand have? What was the name of Sand's former lover? What type of monastery was in Valldemossa? How many doctors did Chopin complain about? What was the name of the piano that was sent to him? In what condition did the piano arrive? How many doctors did Chopin complain about in Majorca? When did Chopin complain about his health? What was Chopin's complaint about Majorca? What type of piano did he have problems getting? When did Chopin complain about his health? What was the name of the piano that was sent to him? What caused Chopin to leave the island? What French couple did Sand sell his piano to? Where did Chopin stay while convalescing? What was the name of Sand's estate? Where did he and Sand move to in 1842? What French couple did Sand sell his piano to? Where did Chopin stay while convalescing? What was the name of Sand's estate? Where was Chopin's apartment located? Where did he and Sand move to in 1842? What caused Chopin to leave the island? Who did Sand sell the piano to to avoid further customs duties? Where did Chopin stay while convalescing? Where did he and Sand move to in 1842? What was the name of Sand's estate? What was composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution? What was the anniversary of the July Revolution? Who was the tenor of the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? Where did Chopin make a rare appearance in 1839? What piece did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? Who was the tenor of the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? What piece did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? What was composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution? Who was unimpressed with Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale? What was the name of Chopin's Polonaise in A-flat major? Who was a mezzo-soprano? When did Delacroix write about his stay at Nohant? What did Chopin advise Pauline Viardot on? Who was a mezzo-soprano? What did Chopin advise Viardot on? Who was the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot? In what year did Chopin begin to show signs of serious illness? Who did Beethoven write to after his solo recital in Paris? Where did Beethoven perform his Seventh Symphony? What instrument did Chopin start playing for his visitor? What type of epilepsy does modern research suggest that Avicenna may have had? In what year did Chopin begin to show signs of serious illness? What was Beethoven's seventh symphony arranged for? What type of epilepsy does modern research suggest that Avicenna may have had? When did Chopin begin to show signs of serious illness? What part of my body is aching so much? Who invited Beethoven to perform the Seventh Symphony at Erard's? Who visited Chopin in 1844? What type of epilepsy is thought to have affected Freud? Who was Chopin's daughter's fiancé? Chopin was indifferent to Sand's radical what? What did Sand call Chopin? What was the name of Sand's 1847 novel? In what year was Lucrezia Floriani published? In what year did Chopin's relations with Sand soured? Who was Chopin's daughter's fiancé? What was the name of Sand's 1847 novel? What was Auguste Clésinger's occupation? What did Sand call Chopin? What was the name of Sand's 1847 novel? In what year was Lucrezia Floriani published? What was the name of the Op. 58 sonata written in 1844? Are Zamoyski's later works more refined or less refined than his earlier works? How many works did he write in 1841? How many shorter pieces did he write in 1843? What was the name of the Op. 58 sonata written in 1844? How many shorter pieces did he write in 1843? How many shorter pieces did he write in 1843? How many mazurkas were completed in 1845? In what year did Beethoven give his last Paris concert? Who was the cellist with whom he gave his last Paris concert? In what year did Beethoven give his last Paris concert? Who was the cellist with whom he gave his last Paris concert? What caused Chopin to struggle financially? Who was the cellist with whom he gave his last Paris concert? What was the title of the Cello Sonata Op. What is the name of the BBC TV documentary about Chopin? Who made a documentary about Chopin for Italian television? What was the name of the BBC documentary about Chopin? What is the name of the BBC TV documentary about Chopin? What is the name of the BBC TV documentary about Chopin? Who made a documentary about Chopin for Italian television? Who made a documentary about Chopin for Italian television? What year was 'A Song to Remember' released? Who was nominated for Best Actor for his role in A Song to Remember? When was La valse de l'adieu made? Who starred in Impromptu? Chopin's life and his relations with whom have been fictionalized in numerous films? What year was 'A Song to Remember' released? Who was nominated for Best Actor for his role in A Song to Remember? Who played Chopin in Impromptu? Who starred in Impromptu? In what year was Chopin produced? Where was Chopin's first performance? Who wrote Chopin? Whose work was the first to be treated in a fictional way? What kind of version of Chopin's life was the first? Who wrote Chopin? Where was Chopin's music produced? Where was Chopin's first performance? Who wrote a sonnet on Chopin in 1830? Along with Marcel Proust, who is a notable French writer on Chopin? What was the name of Leon Ulrich's sonnet on Chopin? Who wrote a sonnet on Chopin in 1830? In what year did Leon Ulrich write a sonnet on Chopin? In what language are many biographies of Chopin available? How often is the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin held? How often is the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin held? Who recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists? Who organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin? How often is the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin held? Who recommended performances by the following contemporary pianists? When was the earliest recording of the Nocturne in E major Op. What piece did Paul Pabst perform in 1895? Who recorded the Nocturne in E major Op. Who notes that Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era? When was the earliest recording of the Nocturne in E major Op. Who traces the lineage and character of the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? When was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded? Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held? How often is the International Chopin Piano Competition held? How many performances of Chopin's works are available on youtube? What is the name of the world's oldest monographic music competition? When was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded? Where is the Fryderyk Chopin Institute located? How many performances of Chopin's works are available on youtube? What was the name of the 1909 ballet? Who choreographed the ballet Chopiniana? What was the title of Diaghilev's later productions? Who orchestrated Chopin's 1909 ballet Chopiniana? In what year was Chopin's music used in the ballet Chopiniana? What was the name of the 1909 ballet? Who choreographed the ballet Chopiniana? Who orchestrated Chopin's 1909 ballet? What was the title of Les Sylphides? Where did he go after Paris? Who suggested that he go on a tour of Scotland? Where did he go after Paris? Who suggested that he go on tour with Jane Stirling? Who suggested that he go on a tour of Scotland? What event took place in Paris in April of 1848? What was the nationality of Jane Stirling? Where did Chopin stay in London? What company provided Chopin with a grand piano? Where was Prince Albert's first engagement? Along with Queen Victoria, who was in the audience with Winston Churchill at his first engagement? On what date did he share the stage with Viardot? Where did Chopin stay in London? What type of piano did Broadwood provide Chopin? Who was in attendance at Chopin's first engagement? For what did Chopin charge one guinea per hour? Who sang arrangements of some of his mazurkas to Spanish texts? What country did Stirling invite him to visit in late summer? Who was Adam yszczyski? What country did Stirling invite him to visit in late summer? In what city did Prince give a public concert on 27 September? What was yszczyski's last will and testament? On what date did Chopin make his final public appearance? Where did Chopin make his final public appearance? Who did Chopin play for as a final patriotic gesture? What is the final stage of a project? Where was Chopin's last public appearance? Who sang for his friends? Where did his friends find him an apartment? Who secretly subsidised the rent for the apartment? When did Chopin return to Paris? Who sang for his friends? Where did his friends find him an apartment? What was the name of Princess Obreskoff? In what year did Jenny Lind visit Winston Churchill? When did his sister Ludwika come to Paris? Where did Napoleon live in September of 1849? Who came to Paris with his sister? Who did Ludwika bring to Paris with her? Who gave Napoleon a loan to pay for his apartment? What did Viardot do when he fainted in his room? Why did Chopin request that his body be opened after death? What did he say? Who made Chopin's death mask? Why did Chopin request that his body be opened after death? What part of Chopin's hand was cast? What was the cause of Jean Cruveilhier's death? Who was the leading French authority on tuberculosis? Permission for what could put the matter to rest has been denied by the Polish government? What was the cause of Jean Cruveilhier's death? Who was the leading French authority on tuberculosis? What is a possible cause of cirrhosis? Who denied permission for DNA testing? Where was the funeral held? How long was the funeral delayed? How many people arrived without invitations? Where was the funeral held? How long was the funeral delayed? How many people arrived without invitations? What piece by Mozart was sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Who led the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What was the name of Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2? What piece by Mozart was sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Where was Chopin's sister Ludwika buried? Who led the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What was played at the graveside? Who designed and sculpted Chopin's tombstone? What is the name of Chopin's muse of music? How much did Jane Stirling pay for the monument? Who paid for the return of Ludwika to Warsaw? What substance was Chopin's heart preserved in? Who designed and sculpted Chopin's tombstone? How much did Jane Stirling pay for the monument? Who paid for the return of Ludwika to Warsaw? What was the name of the composer's sister? Who returned the letters to Chopin? How many works of Chopin survive? All of Beethoven's known works involve what? How many works of Chopin survive? What type of music is not limited to solo piano? Whose piano method did Chopin use? Whose piano method did Chopin use? What two composers did Beethoven consider the most important? Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, and who else? Who invented the nocturne? Ballades and scherzi were first written as individual concert pieces by what composer? What genre did John Field invent? Ballades and scherzi were first written as individual concert pieces by what composer? What concept did Franz Liszt exploit in his two sets of studies? Along with Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles, who developed the concept of the concert étude? How many polonaises were published during his lifetime? How many polonaises were published after his death? What did Chopin write for the concert hall rather than the dance hall? What kind of tempos were Walton's waltzes written for? Chopin's mazurkas were written for what venue rather than the dance hall? Where were Chopin's mazurkas written for? Who put mazurkas on the European musical map? How many polonaises were published after his death? What type of recital were waltzes written for? What is the title of Chopin's Revolutionary Étude? What was the only piece in which Beethoven named an instrument other than genre and number? What is the name of the third movement of Beethoven's Sonata No. 2? What case did Beethoven give a title to his Sonata No. 2? What is the title of Chopin's Revolutionary Étude? What is the name of the op. What was the last opus number Chopin used? Who was the composer's musical executor? How many unpublished piano pieces did Julian Fontana select? How many Polish songs did Chopin write in 1857? What was the last opus number Chopin used? Who was the composer's musical executor? In what year were 17 Polish songs written by Chopin collected and published? Who is the Kobylaska Catalogue named for? Since what year have works received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers? What has been used instead of opus numbers for works published since 1857? What is the name of the standard musicological reference for Chopin's works? What are the initials of the Kobylaska Catalogue? What is the profession of Krystyna Kobylaska? Who published the first collected edition of the Bible? Who edited the Polish version of Chopin's works? Who were Chopin's original publishers? In what century did piano anthologies begin to appear? Between what years was the Paderewski edition of Chopin's works published? Who edited the Polish version of Chopin's works? What is at the center of Chopin's creative processes? What type of phrase did Chopin use as a structural unit? What is at the center of Chopin's creative processes? Who wrote that improvisation is designed for an audience? What type of phrase did Chopin use as a structural unit? What is an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette? How many ballades and four scherzos did Jones say Chopin intended for concert use? Temperley's works are based on what form? What type of features do mazurkas often have? What kind of form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes? What type of form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes? What type of bass is often used in mazurkas? What is a rarity in music? How many times are Chopin's works triple time? Who were Chopin's Polish teachers? What type of rhythm is present in Chopin's works? What type of playing technique do acrobats require? Chopin's nocturnes are more structured than those of whom? What do Chopin nocturnes often have in their middle sections? Who did Chopin meet in 1833? When did Chopin meet Field? Chopin's nocturnes are more structured and emotional than Field's what? What type of form are Chopin's études? Chopin's studies are largely in what form? What type of form are Chopin's études? Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths rather than Bach's chromatic scale sequence? Who noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922? What were the beginnings of Schumann's studies called? Chopin's preludes are inspired by what? What might the preludes have been used for by later pianists? Who recorded Mozart's Prelude Op. How many movements are in the two mature piano sonatas? Who are the two music historians that said Brahms' 58 sonata is worthy of Brahms? How many movements are in the two mature piano sonatas? What is the name of the last movement of Schumann's opera? What is the name of the third piano sonata written in 1844? Who is an example of a composer whose shifting tonality Chord progressions sometimes anticipate? What may have arisen partly from Chopin's keyboard improvisation technique? What type of effects do Temperley's compositions often have? What type of finger technique did he use? Who wrote about a recital given by Chopin in 1841? What did he write in his Projet de méthodologie? Who was Moritz Moszkowski's "one worthy successor?" Chopin's use of national modes and idioms are regarded by critics as what? Who was Scriabin's teacher? Who was Moritz Moszkowski's "one worthy successor?" Who was devoted to the music of Chopin? Who was Scriabin's teacher? Who wrote that modern concert performance style is set in the "conservatory" tradition of late 19th and 20th century music schools? What did Chopin avoid in his performances? What is an example of a rigid procedure incorrectly attributed to Chopin? What did the composer say to a student that concerts were never real music? Who wrote that Chopin had created a kind of chromatic embroidery? Who wrote that "what in the hands of others was elegant embellishment, in his hands became a colourful wreath of flowers?" What is the practice of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note values for expressive effect? What is rubato? What is the practice of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note values for expressive effect? Where are most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin found? Who was a pupil of Chopin? Who was a pupil of Chopin? What type of adherence did Mozart demand? Chopin's mazurkas and polonaises have been credited with introducing a new sense of what? When did Schumann write his review of the piano concertos? What country did Schumann have strong feelings for? What was the cause of the failure of the November 1830 rising? Who wrote the biography of Chopin? Along with mazurkas, what piece by Chopin is credited with introducing a new sense of nationalism? Who wrote a review of the piano concertos in 1836? Where are Chopin's works buried? Who wrote the biography of Chopin? Who suggested that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from "urbanised" Warsaw versions than from folk music? Along with Micha Kleofas Ogiski, who was a nationalist composer from Poland? Who impugned Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works? How did Chopin's music come to him? What do some find them a source of strength in their struggle for? Where did the polonaise and mazurka evoke nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness among Poles? What type of flamboyance did Liszt lack? Who were Liszt's romantic contemporaries? Where did Chopin arrive in 1831? Who suggested that Liszt's lack of Byronic flamboyance and his aristocratic reclusiveness made him exceptional? What was the name of the suite that Schumann named for him? Chopin dedicated what piece to Schumann? How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transcribe for piano? Who did Chopin share a friendship with? Along with being a pianist, what was Chopin known for? What was the name of the suite that Schumann named for him? Chopin dedicated what piece to Schumann? Chopin's music can be traced in the works of who? Who dedicated his own 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin? Who was the publisher of Chopin's piano music? Who made recordings of Chopin's music? Who was one of Chopin's long-standing pupils? Who asserted that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet? What animal did the Ming dynasty have a shortage of? When did Deshin Shekpa live? Who was the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school? What school did Deshin Shekpa belong to? What neighboring state did the Tibetans conduct foreign diplomacy with? What did the Tibetans use against the Ming forays? Who were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama? What was the name of the regime established by the 5th Dalai Lama? When did the Mongol-Tibetan alliance begin? When did the Tibetan Empire collapse? Who signed peace treaties with the Tang? What did the treaty between Tibet and China fix? What country was Tibet contemporaneous with? In what year did the Yarlung rulers of Tibet sign a peace treaty with the Tang? When was the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period? When was the Song dynasty? What dynasty existed from 960-1279? Who ruled the Liao dynasty? Who ruled the Jin dynasty? Who conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of Western Xia? Who was Genghis Khan's successor? When did the invasion of Tibet take place? Who was Genghis Khan's successor? Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan? Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism? What was the name of the ruler who incorporated Tibet into the Mongol Empire? What years did Töregene Khatun rule? How many different states were ruled by myrrharchies? What was Kublai's official title? Who was Kublai's superior? Who rejected Kublai's invitation? Who recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs? When did Kublai Khan conquer the Song dynasty? When did the Yuan dynasty rule? What was the name of the dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368? What did Khubilai claim? What was Tibet a component of before it was combined into one of its descendant empires? In what year was the Sakya viceregal regime overthrown? Who installed the Sakya viceregal regime? Who overthrew the Sakya viceregal regime? What was the name of Changchub Gyaltsen's successors? Who established the Ming dynasty? What was the name of the revolt that toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty? Who established the Ming dynasty? During what years was the period of time between 1368 and 1398? Who did the Hongwu Emperor ask to renew their titles for the new Ming court? Who rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor? Who rejected the invitation of the Hongwu Emperor? What type of link did the Hongwu Emperor want to foster? Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to the court in Nanjing? Who enacted a law forbidding Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism? During what years did the Ming ruler seek to extend relations with Tibet? Who was the first Ming ruler to seek relations with Tibet? When did the Qing dynasty rule? When was the History of Ming compiled? What office did the Ming dynasty establish in western Tibet? How many Qianhu offices are there? Where was the "É-L-S Army-Civilian Marshal Office" established? How many Princes did the Ming court appoint? Who established the Tibetan law code? Who established the Tibetan law code? Who was a former professor of the University of Washington? What is the relationship between China and Tibet? Who wrote that Tibet had extensive contacts with China during the Yuan? Who supports van Praag's position? Who stated that van Praag and Shakabpa's statements were fallacies? Who argued that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty? When did Punala go to Nanjing? What did lamas call themselves? What did the Ming dynasty issue to invite ex-Yuan officials to the court? Who wrote The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama? Who colonized India and New Zealand? What is Wang and Nyima portraying in their Historical Status of China's Tibet? What dynasty ruled from 1271 to 1368? Who proclaimed a Chinese-style Yüan dynasty at Khanbaliq? Who dismissed the Yuan dynasty as a non-Chinese polity? Who wrote Kublai Khan: His Life and Times? When did the Yuan dynasty rule? When did Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan reign? What type of market existed between China and Tibet during the Yuan? Who was accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority? Who implemented a policy of managing Tibet according to conventions and customs? What position did Choskunskyabs hold? What dynasty's Ü-Tsang Commanding Office governed most areas of Tibet? Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located? Who is the Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center? How many households was Qianhu in charge of? How many households was Wanhu in charge of? Who said that Tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the Chinese to Tibetans? Who did the Ming send invitations to? Who did the lamas send rather than come themselves? What are the oasis city-states of the Western Regions comprised of? Who did the Han government confer seals and seal cords to? What was Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen's official title? What was Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen's Tibetan title? What dynasty did the Yuan imperial court and the Phagmodrupa Dynasty belong to? What was Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen's official title? Who is supposed to have written in his will: "In the past I received loving care from the emperor in the east?" Who wrote about Changchub Gyaltsen? Who asserted that Changchub Gyaltsen's ambitions were to "restore to Tibet the glories of its Imperial Age"? Where is Lok-Ham Chan a professor of history? What did Changchub Gyaltsen want to remove? Who received the title of "Initiation State Master"? Who informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? What was the official title of the second Phagmodru ruler? Who informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? Who did Sagya Gyaincain send envoys to? When did the Phagmodrupa lose its centralizing power over Tibet? When did the Phagmodrupa lose power over Tibet? In what year did the 5th Dalai Lama establish hegemony over Tibet? How long did it take for other families to establish hegemonies? What lamas did the Ming dynasty grant titles to? What was Karmapa Kargyu's nationality? Who was the founder of the Gelug school? Who invited Je Tsongkhapa to come to the Ming court and pay tribute? Who was the founder of the Gelug school? When was the first request by the Ming made? When did the Ming court send another embassy? Who did Tsongkhapa send to Nanjing? When did Chosrje Shkya Yeshes arrive in Nanjing? Who argues that modern Chinese Communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the Ming simply reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet? Who did the Ming appoint titles to? What did the Ming not send to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet? Who did the Ming not send to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet? Who did the Yongle Emperor send into Tibet? Where did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao? When did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet? Why did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet? Why did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet? Who did the Gelug send missions to? When did the Gelug stop sending missions to the Ming court? Who was not mentioned by the Gelug? Who did the Ming court grant titles to regardless of sectarian affiliations? Who overthrew the viceregal Sakya regime? Who wrote that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? When did Rinpungpa rule? Who wrote that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? When did Tsangpa rule? When did the Yongle Emperor reign? Who aided the Yongle Emperor in his usurpation of the throne? Who was Yongle's father? When did the Yongle Emperor invite Deshin Shekpa to his court? What was the occupation of Zhi Guanglethor? Why did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Hou Xian and Zhi Guang to Tibet? When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing? What route did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang take to get to Lhasa? When did Deshin Shekpa begin his travels? What city did Deshin Shekpa visit on April 10, 1403? Who did the Yongle Emperor greet? Who sat on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric? Who followed the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas? Where was the Linggu Temple? Where was the Linggu Temple located? What was Deshin Shekpa's title? Who did the Yongle Emperor grant the title of lama to? Who did Deshin Shekpa convince not to impose their military might on Tibet? Why was Deshin Skekpa invited? Who dissuaded the Yongle Emperor from sending a military force into Tibet? Who dissuaded the Yongle Emperor from sending a military force into Tibet? Who convinced the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet? Who did the Yongle Emperor have a conflict with? Whose miracles testified to the power of both the emperor and his guru? What did Marsha Weidner say Deshin Shekpa's miracles testified to? Who has failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship? What type of artifacts were used in the tributes? Who wrote that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet? When was the Karmapa's letter written? Who preserved an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor? Who was the Zhengtong Emperor addressed to in 1445? Who did Zhengtong deliver his message to? Why was the edict written? Who did the Ming court cut off all relations with? When did the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs? When did Deshin Shekpa die? Who did the Ming court cut off all relations with? Why did the Yongle Emperor order the construction of a road and trading posts in the upper reaches of the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers? Along with tea and horses, what product did the Yongle Emperor want to trade with Tibet? The trade route crossed Shangri-La County in what province? Why did the Ming court establish diplomatic delegations with Tibet? What market did the Ming cater to? What type of iconography was used in the clothing and furnishings made for the Tibetan market? What court established diplomatic delegations with Tibet? What was collected from Tibet as a mandatory "corvée" tax? Who did the Ming trade horses with? Who overthrew the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony over the steppes? What dynasty did Altan Khan overthrow? Which dynasty traded horses with Tibet? Who overthrew the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony over the steppes? When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force to quell unrest in Tibet? When did Mu Ying establish a garrison in Gansu? How many domesticated animals did Mu Ying capture? How many domesticated animals did Mu Ying capture? Who was ordered to repel the Tibetan assault into Sichuan? What did the Mongols use as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China? Who used the Ordos region as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China? Who used the Ordos region as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China? Why did the Ming court patronage of high Tibetan lamas? What was the name of the Ming's policy towards Tibet? When did the Sakya regime fall? Who did Yongle Emperor try to build a strong relationship with? Who did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to? Who were the Rinpungpa leaders relatives of? When did the prince of Rinbung occupy Lhasa? What is the most important event for the Gelug? When did the Phagmodru ruler capture Lhasa? When was Mikyö Dorje's reign? What did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy at court? Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama? Who was of the view that Tibet was not annexed by China until the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion? What dynasty did Sperling say had no control over Tibet? When did Tibet become part of China? When did the Manchu Qing dynasty invade Tibet? During what dynasty was Tibet considered an organic part of China? Who was Tibet considered a part of during the Qing dynasty? Who upheld a "mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron?" Who assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state? Where is the California Academy of Sciences located? Who installed the vice royalty of the Sakya regime? What is the relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism called? When was Tibet incorporated into Yuan dynasty's China? Who inherited the right to rule Tibet from the Yuan dynasty? When did China Daily begin publishing news about Tibet? Who inherited the right to rule Tibet from the Yuan dynasty? Who has jurisdiction over Tibet? When was Daoism fully sponsored at the Ming court? What ideology was fully sponsored at the Ming court? Who discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court? Who was determined to break the eunuch influence at court? Who was determined to break the eunuch influence at court? Who was ascensioned after the death of Zhengde? What type of establishment rejected the embassy of Ferno Pires de Andrade? What did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject? What religion did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards? Who was ascensioned after the death of Zhengde? What region did the Tumed Mongols move into? What was raided by the Tumed Mongols? What was raided by the Tumed Mongols? In what year did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty? Who was the third hierarch of the Gelug? Along with shamanism, what practice was abolished by Altan Khan? What religion did the Mongol princes and subjects convert to? What punishment could a Mongol prince face if he did not convert to Gelug Buddhism? Who did the Mongol princes ask to bestow titles on them? Why did the Mongol princes request titles from the Dalai Lama? Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior? Who was the great-grandson of Altan Khan? Who was the first to wield effective political control over Tibet? When did the 5th Dalai Lama become the first to wield effective political control over Tibet? Who was granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan? Who granted Sonam Gyatso the grandiose title? What was the name of the Ming Chinese official who arrived on March 12, 1579? What was the name of the Ming Chinese official who arrived on March 12, 1579? What country did Sonam Gyatso die in? Who is the third Dalai Lama? What did the Ming dynasty allow the Dalai Lama to do? What was Sonam Gyatso's title? Who did the Qing emperor grant an honorific title to in 1653? Who did the Qing emperor grant an honorific title to in 1653? What title did Yonten Gyatso receive? Who was the fourth Dalai Lama? In what year was Yonten Gyatso given the title of Master of Vajradhara? Who was the fourth Dalai Lama? What happened to Yonten Gyatso? Who pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? What did the Mongols want to reclaim? In what year did the Mongol leader conquer Tibet? What court lacks concern for Tibet? When were the Rinbung princes overthrown? Who was the second successor to the first Tsang king? When did Karma Phuntsok Namgyal reign? Who did the Ü-Tsang king ally with? Who refused to give an audience to the Ü-Tsang king? Who did the fifth Dalai Lama ask for help from? What role did Güshi Khan accept? Who did the ally of the Ü-Tsang threaten to destroy? Where did Güshi Khan resettle his entire tribe? When did the Ü-Tsang forces surrender Shigatse? Who presented his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama? What did Gyatso give to the Dalai Lama? Who did Gyatso present his conquest of Tibet as a gift to? Who did Güshi Khan confer the governing authority on? Who organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso? Who led the rebellion that ended the Ming dynasty? Who was very observant of what was going on in China? Who treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of Tibet? Who attempted to spread their territory from what is now Xinjiang into Tibet? Who responded to Tibetan pleas for help by sending an expedition to Tibet? When did the Kangxi Emperor occupy Lhasa? When was a protectorate and permanent Qing dynasty garrison established in Tibet? When was a protectorate and permanent Qing dynasty garrison established in Tibet? Who designed and marketed the iPod? When was the first line released? How many current versions of the iPod are there? What type of computer is the iPod? What type of version of the iPod has a touchscreen? When was the first line released? Who designed and marketed the iPod? When was the first line released? What is the name of the ultra-compact iPod? When were the most recent iPod redesigns announced? What can an iPod be used as? How much storage does the iPod Shuffle have? How many GB does the iPod Touch have? What is the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity of the iPod Touch? How much storage does the iPod Shuffle have? How many GB does the iPod Touch have? What can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? Along with Apple Macintosh, what operating system supports iTunes? What can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? What was the name of the media player included with the iPhone? What was the name of the media player included with the iPhone and iPad before iOS 5? Before what version of iOS was the iPod branding used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad? When did iPhone sales overtake those of the iPod? What two apps are standardized across all iOS-powered products? What is the name of Apple's processor upgrade? What is the name of the sixth generation iPod Touch? What is the name of the sixth generation iPod Touch? When did Apple announce a new model of the iPod Touch? What is the name of Apple's processor upgrade? When did Apple announce a new model of the iPod Touch? When was the iPod released? When did sales of the iPod begin to pick up? Who was Apple's hardware engineering chief? What was the Braun T3 transistor radio inspired by? How big was the hard drive in the iPod? When was the iPod released? How big was the hard drive in the iPod? What was the name of Sony's Walkman? Who was Apple's hardware engineering chief? What type of drive did Rubinstein discover? What company did Apple contract to design and implement its user interface? What font was replaced with Espy Sans? When did Apple change the font on their iPods? What did Apple change the font to for the third generation iPod Nano? Who was in charge of the design and implementation of the Pixo interface? What did Apple use instead of in-house development? What did Apple change the font to for the third generation iPod Nano? In what year did Apple release a special edition of the band U2 for the iPod 5G? What band did Apple present a special edition of in 2006? What color is the hair of the dog? How long was the video interview with U2? What band did Apple present a special edition of in 2006? What color is the hair of the dog? In what year did Apple release a special edition of the band U2 for the iPod 5G? Who did Apple sue in 2007? Who designed the IXI? What country did Kane Kramer apply for a patent? When did Kane Kramer apply for a patent? What was the name of Kane Kramer's plastic music box? Who did Apple sue in 2007? What was the name of Kane Kramer's plastic music box? Who designed the IXI? Who came up with the name iPod? What was Vinnie Chieco's profession? What movie did Chieco think of when he saw a prototype? Who originally listed an "iPod" trademark? When did Grasso assign the trademark to Apple? What movie did Chieco think of when he saw a prototype? Who came up with the name iPod? Who originally listed an "iPod" trademark? In what year were new color schemes for all current iPod models spotted in the latest version of iTunes? Who found the leaked photos? What was the name of the latest version of iTunes? What was the name of the latest version of iTunes? Who found the leaked photos? The third generation iPod had what kind of bass response? What is masked when driving high-impedance loads? What is an example of a high-impedance load? What type of response did the third-generation iPod have? What type of capacitors are found in most consumer headphones? What does clipping cause on bass instruments? What are some examples of EQ settings that can cause clipping? What is the term for distortion caused by an equalizer amplifying the digital audio level beyond the software's limit? In what year was the iPods first released? What are some examples of EQ settings that can cause clipping? Why did Apple introduce a user-configurable volume limit? What is the maximum volume output level of the sixth generation iPod? What is the maximum volume output level of the sixth generation iPod? In what country did Apple have to remove iPods for exceeding the legal limit? What is the maximum volume output level of the sixth generation iPod? In what country did Apple have to remove iPods for exceeding the legal limit? What type of connection was originally used to update songs or recharge the battery? What was included with the first four generations of the iPhone? What type of connection was originally used to update songs or recharge the battery? What type of connector was included in the third generation iPods? What allows for FireWire or USB connectivity? What is the name of the fifth generation of the iPod Classic? What is the fourth generation of the iPod Nano? What type of connector does the second, third, and fourth generation iPod Shuffles use? What type of connector was included in the third generation iPods? What type of connector does the Shuffle use? What type of connection does the 30-pin dock connector support? Along with FireWire, what type of USB connection did the third generation iPod support? What accessory did Apple discontinue? Who manufactures most of the accessories for the iPod? What did the dock connector allow the iPod to connect to? What does Apple have to pay for the implementation of the dock connector's interface? Who manufactures most of Apple's accessories? What accessory did Apple discontinue? What is the name of Apple's new 8-pin dock connector? What is the seventh generation of the iPod? How many pins were in the old dock connector? How many pins does the Lightning connector have? Which side of the Lightning cable can be inserted with the other side facing? What is the name of Apple's new 8-pin dock connector? What is the fifth generation of the iPod Touch? What is an example of a product made by Apple? What is the name of the Nike+iPod pedometer? What were some of the first accessory manufacturers? What is an example of a feature that adds extra features to a music player? What is the brand of the Nike +iPod pedometer? Who makes the iPod Hi-Fi? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? When did Apple announce that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands? What type of connectivity does Scion offer on all of their cars? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? What type of connectivity does Scion offer on all of their cars? JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony and Harman Kardon are examples of what? What type of transmitter is the iTrip? What is an example of a connection method that uses a cassette deck or CD changer port? What type of transmitter is the iTrip? What is an example of a connection method that uses a cassette deck or CD changer port? Along with United, Continental, Delta and Emirates, what major airline agreed to install iPod seat connections? How will passengers be able to view video and music libraries? Along with KLM, what airline was reported to be part of the Apple deal? Along with United, Continental, Delta and Emirates, what major airline agreed to install iPod seat connections? When did United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates agree to install iPod seat connections? What audio file format does the iPod support? What introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats? What audio format does Apple not support? What does DRM stand for? What operating system did the original iPod software only work with? Along with Apple Lossless, what audio file format does the iPod support? What introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats? What is associated with an iPod during installation? What can be set on an iPod and synchronized to the iTunes library? What is an iPod associated with during installation? How many buttons do all iPods have? What do the later generations of iPods have integrated into? Where does the 3rd generation iPod Shuffle have a small control? What is the screen size of the iPod Touch? The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of what other device? How many buttons do all iPods have? What is the name of the 3rd generation iPod? The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of what other device? When was the iTunes Store introduced? What is the name of the online media store run by Apple? When did Apple announce the sale of videos through its store? When did full length movies become available? When was the iTunes Store introduced? When did Apple announce the sale of videos through its store? When did full length movies become available? What format was used when the iTunes store was introduced? How many computers could play the files? What is the name of the category of higher quality songs on iTunes? On what date did Apple announce that DRM had been removed from 80% of its catalog? When did Apple say DRM would be removed from all music? What format was used when the iTunes store was introduced? What DRM system was used? What is the name of the category of higher quality songs on iTunes? When did Apple announce that DRM had been removed from 80% of their music catalog? What is an example of a music store? What does Microsoft's protected WMA do? What type of technology does Microsoft's protected WMA use? Who decided not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? What company did Universal Music Group decide not to renew their contract with? When did Universal Music Group decide not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? What was the name of the media event that debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? When did Apple debut the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? When was the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store debuted? What device can users use to access the Music Store? Video games are playable on various versions of what device? What game did Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak invent? Who invented the game Brick? Along with Parachute, Solitaire and Music Quiz, what game was added to the iPod? What did the original iPod have as an easter egg? What game did Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak invent? Along with Parachute, Solitaire and Music Quiz, what game was added to the iPod? In what year did the iTunes Store begin to offer additional games for purchase? What was the name of the game that added games to the iTunes Store? What generation of iPod does this game work on? What generation of iPod does this game work on? In what year did the iTunes Store begin to offer additional games for purchase? What generation of iPod is compatible with iTunes 7? Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all make what for the iPod? What market has Apple taken steps towards entering? Along with EGM, what magazine reviews video games? What are disguised.ipg files? What are.ipg files disguised as? What does SDK stand for? What operating system is compatible with the iPhone SDK? What are disguised.ipg files? What devices cannot run clickwheel-based games? What does SDK stand for? What is used to transfer media to an iPod? What is the name of a third-party application that can transfer media to an iPod? What is used to transfer media to an iPod? What type of media is protected by DRM? What version of iTunes can transfer purchased media from an iPod to a computer? Where are media files stored on an iPod? What can be accessed on the host system by enabling hidden files to be shown? How can the media files on an iPod be recovered? In what year did Apple face two lawsuits claiming patent infringement? What did Advanced Audio Devices claim the iPod line breached? Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch are defendants in what case? Who did Pat-rights claim Apple's FairPlay technology infringed on? Who claimed that the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox?" What breached a patent issued to Ho Keung Tse? What did Apple want to patent? When did Apple's application for a patent on "rotational user inputs" receive a third "non-final rejection"? Who was one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market? What did Creative Technology call their patent? Who did Creative ask to investigate whether Apple was breaking U.S. trade laws? What did Apple want to patent? Who was one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market? When did Apple and Creative announce a settlement? How much will Creative get to use their patent in all Apple products? What program did Creative join? How much will Creative get to use their patent in all Apple products? What program did Creative join? What percentage of the market for hard drive based players does the iPod hold? In what year did the iPod line begin to dominate the US market for digital music players? What was the market share of the iPod in January 2007? According to what website did the iPod market share reach 72.7% in January 2007? What percentage of the market for hard drive based players does the iPod hold? What percentage of the market for hard drive-based players does the iPod hold? What was Apple's market share in the U.S. in July 2005? When did Hewlett-Packard announce that they would sell HP-branded iPods? What company announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods? What new retail channel was used to sell iPods? What percentage of all iPod sales came from Wal-Mart? Why did HP stop selling iPods? What is the abbreviation for Hewlett-Packard? How many iPods did Apple sell in 2007? What percentage of Apple's second quarter revenue was made from iPod sales? Along with iPods, what other Apple product is likely to be purchased by iPod users? What was Apple's second quarter revenue? When was it announced that Apple had sold one hundred million iPods? What percentage of Apple's second quarter revenue was made from iPod sales? How much revenue did Apple report for the quarter ended October 22, 2007? How much of Apple's revenue came from desktop sales? How much did Apple make in profits in 2007? How much cash did Apple have at the end of the 2007 fiscal year? How much did Apple make in profits in 2007? When did Apple report the best quarter revenue and earnings? What was Apple's net profit for the quarter? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from notebook sales? What percentage of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales? Who is the Apple CFO? In what year did Phil Schiller make his keynote presentation at the Apple Event? What percentage of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of 2008 came from iPods? What did Phil Schiller announce at the event? In what year was there no new model for the iPod? Where did the iPod win for best computer product in 2006? What kind of reviews do iPods receive? What phones play AAC files rather than WMA? What type of files do phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia play? Who said that the iPod has changed the landscape for portable audio players? What phones play AAC files rather than WMA? Who said that the iPod has changed the landscape for portable audio players? What type of device has the iPod been accepted as? Along with business communication, what is another use of the iPod line? In what city is the Royal and Western Infirmaries located? Where is the Royal and Western Infirmaries located? What did Duke University provide to all incoming freshmen in 2004? Who put it on their end-of-decade, "best of" list? What did Duke University provide to all incoming freshmen in 2004? Who put it on their end-of-decade, "best of" list? What was the name of the era of listening to entire albums? The iPod has been credited with accelerating shifts within what industry? What allowed users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles? What was the name of the era of listening to entire albums? How many hours of music playback does the fifth generation iPod claim to have? How long did a writer for MP3.com get on average from an iPod? When were class action lawsuits brought against Apple? What is the battery life advertised on most models different from? How long did a writer for MP3.com get on average from an iPod? Who provides instructions on how to open the case of an iPod? What is almost equivalent to a brand new one? What type of battery loses capacity even when not in use? What is not designed to be removed or replaced by the user? What type of battery loses capacity even when not in use? What did Apple announce on November 14, 2003? What was the initial cost of the system? What is needed to solder the battery onto the main board of the iPod Nano? What generation of iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive? When did Apple announce its battery replacement program? What was the initial cost of the system? What iPod has a battery that is soldered onto the main board? What did Apple use that was flawed? What was the name of the program that replaced the old Nanos? Along with a short life span, what aspect of the iPod has been criticized? What was the name of the website that conducted a survey on the iPod? What was the average failure rate of the iPod line in 2005? When did some users complain about the surface of the first generation iPod Nano? What did Apple begin shipping the iPods with? What was the failure rate for iPods with flash memory? What part of the iPod Nano became unusable after being scratched? What was the name of the British tabloid that reported that iPods were mainly manufactured by workers who earned no more than US$50 per month and worked 15-hour shifts? What did Apple's auditors find about the plant's labour practices? What percentage of the time did employees work more than six consecutive days? What was the name of the British tabloid that reported on June 11, 2006? What percentage of the time did employees work over 60 hours a week? What company did Apple hire to audit its workplace? What group did Apple join to oversee the workplace standards? Who was Apple's manufacturer? Where is the Foxconn factory located? Who was Apple's manufacturer? What company did Apple hire to audit its workplace? When did the Foxconn factory workers form a union? In what year did a number of Foxconn workers commit suicide? What company did the employee who killed himself work for? In what year did a number of Foxconn workers commit suicide? What can create more jobs overseas than domestically? What file system format does an iPod use when formatted on a Mac? What format is used on Windows? What genre is 'Twilight Princess'? What home video game consoles did Nintendo develop The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess for? When was the Wii version released in North America? When was the GameCube version released? Who developed and published The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? When was Twilight Princess originally supposed to be released for the GameCube? When was the Wii version released in North America? Who is the main character of the Twilight Princess? What is the name of the parallel dimension that threatens Hyrule? What is the name of the mysterious creature that aids Hylian? Who is the main character of the Twilight Princess? What is the name of the mysterious creature that aids Hylian? What is the name of the game that takes place hundreds of years after Ocarina of Time? What was the most critically acclaimed game of 2006? What label was the Wii version rereleased under? When will Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD be released? What was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series? What was the most critically acclaimed game of 2006? In what year was PUBG the most critically acclaimed? When will the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD port be released? Along with combat, exploration and item collection, what is the main focus of Twilight Princess? What game introduced context sensitive action buttons? What is the name of the system that allows Link to keep his focus on an object while moving? Along with a shield, what weapon does Link use in combat? What is a similar weapon to the Hookshot? What genre is Legend of Zelda? What game introduced context sensitive action buttons? Along with a sword, what weapon does Link use in combat? What is the name of the system that allows Link to keep his focus on an object while moving? What allows a button to serve a variety of functions, such as talking, opening doors, and pushing, pulling, and throwing objects? What shows what action the button will trigger? Where can Link place a rock if he's standing still? What allows one button to serve a variety of functions? What shows what action the button will trigger? What device has a built-in speaker? What is the series' trademark phrase when Link discovers a secret? What device has a built-in speaker? Other attacks are triggered using similar gestures with what? How many of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped at a time in the Wii version? What kind of sensors does the Wii version of PUBG use? What device has a built-in speaker? How many dungeons does the game have? What does Link do in dungeons? What connects the dungeons? What is Link's horse called? What does Link do in dungeons? Who does Link fight at the end of dungeons? What connects the dungeons? What does Link dig to create passages and uncover buried items? How does Link attack as a wolf? What is the name of an enemy ghost that Link can hunt for? What is the name of the small imp-like creature Link carries? What does Wolf Link dig to create new passages and uncover buried items? What does Link dig to create passages and uncover buried items? What type of creature does Midna look like? What can Link use his wolf senses to see and listen to? What is more advanced than the AI of enemies in The Wind Waker? What game has a more advanced AI system than Twilight Princess? What can enemies react to? What is more advanced than the AI of enemies in The Wind Waker? What can enemies detect from a greater distance? Along with nods, what indicates a person's emotional state? Who has the most voice acting? Who sampled Midna's pseudo-speech? What country was Akiko Kmoto from? What does Link do when he is attacked or injured? Along with nods, what indicates a person's emotional state? Who has the most voice acting? Who sampled Midna's pseudo-speech? What is Link working as in Ordon Village? What does Link do when he is chased by Bulblins? What imp-like Twilight being frees Link? What does he do by collecting Tears of Light? Where does Twilight Princess begin? What group attacks the village? What does he do by collecting Tears of Light? What are fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic called? Who ambushed Link and Midna? What is the name of the sword that can return to human form? To whom does Link bring a dying Midna? Where are the Zoras of Lanayru? What are fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic called? Who ambushed Link and Midna? What is the name of the sword that can return to human form? To whom does Link bring a dying Midna? What did Link obtain after he was cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form? What is the only known gateway between Hyrule and the Twilight Realm? What Gerudo leader was banished to the Twilight Realm? Where does Link and Midna find Ganondorf? What does Ganondorf do to Zelda? What did Link obtain after he was cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form? Where is the Mirror of Twilight located? Who leads Link to the Mirror of Twilight? What Gerudo leader was banished to the Twilight Realm? What did Ganondorf transform into? What did Ganondorf do to Midna? What village is Link shown leaving? Which character is teleported outside the castle? Where does Link drop the Master Sword? What two people help Link during the duel with Ganondorf? Who teleports Link and Zelda outside the castle? What did Ganondorf do to Midna's helmet? What does Midna destroy to maintain balance between Hyrule and the Twilight Realm? In what year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda game for the GameCube? Where did Eiji Aonuma reveal that a Wind Waker sequel was in development? Who told Aonuma that sales of The Wind Waker were sluggish in North America? What was Aonuma advised to do? In what year did Nintendo announce a new Legend of Zelda game for the GameCube? Who was the director of 'The Wind Waker'? What was Aonuma advised to do? How long did it take for Aonuma's team to create realistic horseback riding? At what event was the trailer for 'Horseback Riding' revealed? What system did Phantom Hourglass come out on? What was the name of the sequel to The Wind Waker? In what year was a trailer for 'Horseback Riding' released? What animal did Link transform into in the Dark World of A Link to the Past? What game did Aonuma direct for the Game Boy Advance? What was the code name for the Wii? Who suggested that Aonuma consider using the Wii Remote? Who was the scenario writer for 'A Link to the Past'? What was the name of Nintendo's pointing device? What kind of interface did Aonuma use for the bow and arrow? In what year was the release of the first version of Windows delayed? Who felt that having two versions of the game would satisfy users in the end? In what year was the release of the first version of Windows delayed? What console was the Wii created to be compatible with? When did Nintendo release a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? What was created to be compatible with the GameCube? When did Nintendo release a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? What gesture was used to control Link's sword? What magazine claimed that a GameCube copy of Twilight Princess would give the player the option to use the Revolution controller? What controller did not make it into the GameCube release? When did Nintendo announce that both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? How long did it take for the GameCube to be released? What magazine claimed that a GameCube copy of Twilight Princess would give the player the option to use the Revolution controller? When did Nintendo announce that both versions of Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? What did demo users complain about? What was the button previously used for? What did attendees of E3 want to see with the sword controls? What kind of swing was needed to control a left-handed sword attack? Along with comfort, what did Takahashi want to focus on with the new controls? Who composed the game's score? Who was the sound supervisor? Who created the orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who was the sound supervisor? Who created the orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who conducted the ensemble that performed shima's compositions? What kind of instruments did Kondo prefer? How many people did Spielberg originally intend to have in his orchestra? When were the six- and seven-track versions of the soundtrack released? What was the name of the promotion that accompanied the release of the soundtracks? What was Kondo's preference for live instruments? When were the six- and seven-track versions of the soundtrack released? How many tracks were included in the soundtracks? What was discovered in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What does ELF stand for? What version of the Wii Menu patched the vulnerability? What exploit allowed the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on a console? What versions of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console? What version of the Wii Menu patched the vulnerability? What company is developing The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? For what console is the Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD being developed? When was the remaster of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD announced? When will the game be released in Australia? What is the name of the remastered Legend of Zelda game? What company is developing The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? What is the name of the amiibo featured in the Twilight Princess HD remaster? When will the game be released in North America and Europe? What unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon? Who replenishes arrows? Who restores Link's health? What causes Link to take twice as much damage? What is the name of the Wii U-exclusive dungeon? What can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game? What is the name of the Wii U-exclusive dungeon? Who replenishes arrows? Who restores Link's health? Where was the CD available as a preorder bonus? What was included in all bundles in Japan, Europe, and Australia? Along with Japan, Europe, and Australia, where is the CD included with all bundles? What was included in all bundles in Japan, Europe, and Australia? What kind of score did the game receive from 1UP.com? Twilight Princess has average scores of 95% and what for the GameCube version? Who called the game "one of the greatest games ever created"? What was Twilight Princess' critical acclaim? What kind of score did the game receive from 1UP.com? What is Twilight Princess' average score for the GameCube version? Who called the game "one of the greatest games ever created"? What sites pointed out the existence of blurry textures and low-resolution characters? Who said the Wii controls felt "tacked on"? What site has information about the Wii version? Who praised the game for its Wii controls and being able to save anytime? What is the name of the company that owns Hyperlethor? What sites pointed out the existence of blurry textures and low-resolution characters? Who thought Twilight Princess' soundtrack was the best of the generation? Who praised the game for its Wii controls and being able to save anytime? What console was Twilight Princess released on? Where did 'Super Mario Bros.' place on the Official Nintendo Magazine's 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time list? Where did IGN rank the game as a Wii game? Where was the game ranked as the third best game to be released on a Nintendo system in the 2000s? Who gave Twilight Princess the Best Story and Best Graphics awards? What award did GameSpy and Game Critics give to 'Fantastic Four'? Where did 'Super Mario Bros.' place on the Official Nintendo Magazine's 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time list? Where did IGN rank the game as a Wii game? What is the best-selling Zelda game in the PAL region? How many copies did the game sell on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007? How many copies did the game sell on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007? What region covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania? How many copies did the game sell on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007? How many copies did the game sell on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007? Who illustrated the manga series based on Twilight Princess? What country published the manga series based on Twilight Princess? What is the name of the publisher of the Shogakukan series? What is the name of Shogakukan's mobile application? Who produced Spectre? Who plays Ernst Stavro Blofeld? What is the name of the twenty-fourth James Bond film? What was the first James Bond film? What was the budget of '007'? How many James Bond films were produced by Eon Productions? What is the name of the twenty-fourth James Bond film? How many James Bond films were produced by Eon Productions? Along with Columbia Pictures, who distributes 'The Shining'? Who directed 'Skyfall'? What is the name of the global criminal organization that James Bond is pitted against? What was the last Eon Productions film to feature Spectre? Along with M, Q and Eve Moneypenny, who is a recurring James Bond character? Who played Mr. Hinx? What role did Monica Bellucci play in 007? Along with M, Q and Eve Moneypenny, who is a recurring James Bond character? Who plays Dr. Madeleine Swann? Who played Mr. Hinx? When did Spectre last appear in a film? When was Spectre released in the UK? Where was Spectre's world premiere held? When was the movie released in the US? Along with its action sequences, what aspect of Spectre received praise? What award did 'Writing's on the Wall' win? What was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX? What theme song won the Golden Globe for Best Original Song? On what day did James Bond kill three men plotting a terrorist bombing? What was Garreth allory promoted to? Where did James Bond kill three men plotting a terrorist bombing? What is the name of the global surveillance and intelligence co-operation initiative? Who is Garreth Mallory? On what day did James Bond kill three men plotting a terrorist bombing? Along with MI5, what is the Joint Intelligence Service comprised of? What does Bond steal from Sciarra? Where does Bond travel to attend Sciarra's funeral? What organization did Sciarra belong to? Who is the leader of the Spectre meeting? What is Mr. Hinx? Who informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White? Where does Bond travel to attend Sciarra's funeral? Who is the leader of the Spectre meeting? Who pursues James Bond? Who is the leader of the Spectre meeting? What is White dying of? Who will take Bond to L'Américain? What does White do? Where does Bond find Swann? Where is L'Américain located? What is White dying of? Who is James Bond's daughter? What type of hotel is L'Américain? Who abducts Swann? How does Bond and Hinx get to the nearest station? What was the name of Oberhauser's father? What name did Oberhauser adopt? What name did Oberhauser adopt? What building is Bond taken to? Who tells Swann that he has three minutes to escape before explosives are detonated? Bond shoots down Blofeld's helicopter, which crashes onto what? Who do Bond and Swann want to stop from going online? What is the name of Bill Tanner? Who do Bond and Swann want to stop from going online? What is SPECTRE an acronym of? Who was the author of the novel Thunderball? When did Fleming settle out of court with McClory? What was the name of the 1983 remake of Thunderball? What was the name of the sequel to Thunderball? When did Fleming settle out of court with McClory? What was the name of the 1983 remake of Thunderball? What novel did Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory dispute over the film rights to? Who acquired the full copyright rights to the concept of Spectre? What acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as "Spectre"? What company was the sister company of Danjaq, LLC? When did MGM and the McClory estate settle the issue with Danjaq, LLC? Who acquired the full copyright rights to the concept of Spectre? What movie concept did MGM acquire the full copyright rights to? Who did MGM acquire the full copyright rights to the concept of Spectre? Who was targeted by hackers? Who released details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives? Who wrote the script for Spectre? Who issued a statement confirming the leak? When was Sony Pictures Entertainment targeted by hackers? Who wrote the script for Spectre? Who issued a statement confirming the leak? Who played Franz Oberhauser in Spectre? When was Hannes Oberhauser named as a temporary legal guardian of James Bond? Who wrote Spectre's screenplay? What was reimagined as a division within Spectre? What is the name of the short story Hannes Oberhauser was a part of? Who was Fleming's full-time guardian? What is the name of the short story Hannes Oberhauser was a part of? Who plays Franz Oberhauser in Spectre? What was reimagined as a division within Spectre rather than an independent organization? Who wrote 'Spectre'? What is the name of the MI6 safehouse? Who wrote 'Colonel Sun'? What Fleming short story is referenced in 'Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques'? What is the name of the short story collection in 'For Your Eyes Only'? Who wrote 'Colonel Sun'? What is the name of the MI6 safehouse? When was the main 007 cast revealed? Which actor reprised his role as James Bond? Who reprised her role as Eve Moneypenny? Who played Eve Moneypenny? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? How many times did Daniel Craig play James Bond? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? Which actors reprised their roles as Eve Moneypenny, Q and M? Who was Christoph Waltz cast as in 'The Great Gatsby'? What was Blofeld's real name? Who did Mendes cast as Sévérine in Skyfall? What movie did Jesper Christensen say he would be reprising? At what age was Monica Bellucci cast as Lucia Sciarra? Who did Mendes cast as Sévérine in Skyfall? What role did Jesper Christensen reprise from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence? Who played Marco Sciarra? Who was cast as Estrella? When were over fifteen hundred extras hired for the pre-title sequence? Where was the pre-title sequence set? Where was Detlef Bothe cast as a villain? Who played Marco Sciarra? What role was Stephanie Sigman cast as? Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? Who was the film's production designer? Who did Hoyte van Hoytema replace as cinematographer? What two Bond films did Mendes direct? What was the second James Bond film Mendes directed? What was the second James Bond film Mendes directed? Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? How many Bond films did Neal Purvis and Robert Wade return for? Along with London and Mexico City, in what city did Mendes plan to film a movie? What type of film was used to make Van Hoytema's film? Where did Mendes' filming begin? How long did Mendes say filming would take? What type of film did Van Hoytema use to make his film? Where did Mendes' filming begin? When did filming begin in Austria? When did filming in Austria conclude? What was the name of the restaurant that was used as a prop for the fictional Hoffler Klinik? What part of his body was sprain during a fight scene? What was the name of the restaurant that was used as a prop for the fictional Hoffler Klinik? What is the name of the fictional private medical clinic located in the Austrian Alps? What glacier is adjacent to the tztal Glacier Road? Along with the Ponte Sisto bridge, what famous landmark was used as a location in Rome? Who built the C-X75 prototype for Jaguar? What car was featured in the chase scene? How many independent electric engines did the C-X75 have? Where was Blenheim Palace located? The Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum were locations for what movie? Along with an Aston Martin DB10, what car was featured in the chase scene? Who built the C-X75 prototype for Jaguar? Who built the original C-X75 prototype? In what city was 'Day of the Dead' filmed? What festival was filmed in and around the Centro Histórico? Where was the Day of the Dead festival filmed? How many extras were needed for the scene in Mexico? Where would the second unit of 'Aerial Manoeuvres' move to? What festival was filmed in Mexico City? What type of helicopter was used in the filming? Where was the Day of the Dead festival filmed? Where was Craig flown to after a minor injury? When did he return to filming? Where was Craig flown to after a minor injury? What bridges were temporarily closed during filming? Who was on set to simulate rain? What river did filming on the 17 May 2015 take place on? What is the name of MI6's headquarters? What bridges were temporarily closed during filming? Who was on set to simulate rain? In what part of Covent Garden were scenes involving Fiennes first filmed? What time of day was filming on 'The Royal Ten Commandments'? Along with Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud, where did filming for 'The Crown' take place? What is the Guinness World Record for? Who designed the largest film stunt explosion? How long did filming last? What country did production of 'The Help' travel to in June? What is the Guinness World Record for? How long did filming last? Who designed the largest film stunt explosion? What was the estimated budget of the filming in Mexico City? Who was the producer of 'Day of the Dead'? In what country was the Skyfall pre-title sequence filmed? Where did production of Skyfall move to after India? Who was Spectre's composer? When was the soundtrack album released in the UK? What label released the soundtrack album in the U.S.? Who was Spectre's composer? What label released the soundtrack album in the U.S.? When did Newman work on the score for 'Secret Service'? When was 'On Her Majesty's Secret Service' released? What was the name of the film's title theme? In how many sessions did Smith and Napes write the song? What did Smith and Napes do to the song before recording it? Who wrote 'Writing's on the Wall'? When was the song released as a digital download? What Adele song was compared to "Uponly Skyfall?" Who was Shirley Bassey? What band composed a song for 'Apocalypse Now'? What singer's song was compared to "Skyfall"? Who was Shirley Bassey? What band composed a song for 'Apocalypse Now'? Who unveiled the new DB10 during the December 2014 press conference? What was the official car for 'The Dark Knight Rises'? What team modified a Jaguar C-X75 for '007'? What were the other two used for? What was the official car for 'The Dark Knight Rises'? What did Williams F1 carry on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? What type of images did Eon release to promote 'Skyfall'? What was the name of the film that was used as a promotional tool for 'Skyfall'? What is the name of Eon's official social media accounts? What was the name of the film that was used as a promotional tool for 'Skyfall'? What is the name of the comedy sketch that was aired on BBC One? What broadcaster broadcast Red Nose Day? When was the theatrical trailer for Spectre released? When did several members of the James Bond cast and crew appear in a sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? What is the name of the comedy sketch that was aired on BBC One? Who wrote the sketch for Red Nose Day? Where was Spectre's world premiere held? When was Spectre's world premiere? What film was a big hit with IMAX? What movie was delayed to avoid competing with Spectre? What movie did Paramount delay in order to avoid competing with Spectre? How much money has Spectre grossed worldwide? How much of Spectre's revenue came from North America? How much of Spectre's worldwide gross came from the UK? How much did 'Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix' earn in its first seven days? What film broke the UK record for highest first week opening? What was the highest-grossing IMAX release in the U.K.? How much did the film grossed on its opening day? What film broke the UK record for highest first week opening? What was the highest-grossing IMAX release in the U.K.? What film previously held the record for the best per-screen average? What city was attacked on November 13th? How much more money did 'Avatar' make than 'Skyfall'? What movie sold over $6.32 million of tickets in 2007? How much did Spectre earn in South Korea? What movie sold over $6.32 million of tickets in 2007? What is the top movie of the year in the Netherlands? How many screens did IMAX open with Spectre? How much less than Skyfall did 'Skyfall' earn in its opening weekend? How much did 'Avatar' earn on its opening day? What film had a debut weekend of $90.6 million? How many screens did IMAX open with Spectre? On what day did 'Saturday Night Live' debut? When did 'Avengers: Infinity War' open in China? How much more money did 'Skyfall' earn than 'Avatar'? What is the second worst second weekend drop for a major Hollywood release in China of 2015? How much money did the show make after four weekends? What was the second biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film? How much money did the show make after four weekends? What is the Metacritic rating for 'The Hurt Locker'? How many critics reviewed 'The Hurt Locker'? What percentage of the reviews for '007' were positive? Who gave 'Avatar' an average grade of "A"? What percentage of the reviews for '007' were positive? What is the Metacritic rating for 'The Hurt Locker'? Who wrote a five star review of Spectre? Who gave a less than enthusiastic review of Spectre? How many out of five stars did Mark Kermode give 'Skyfall'? How many out of five stars did Mark Kermode give 'Skyfall'? Who called Spectre "the worst 007 movie in 30 years"? Who gave Spectre a perfect 100 score? What grade did Richard Roeper give the article? What did Guy Lodge say was missing from 'The Dark Knight Rises'? Who wrote in The Atlantic about Spectre? What did Toppman call Craig's performance? What newspaper did Alyssa Rosenberg write for? What did Toppman call Craig's performance? What does CBFC stand for? What social media site was particularly critical of the CFPB? Who will play James Bond in the next two films? When will a sequel to Spectre begin development? When will a sequel to Spectre begin development? When did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? What is another name for the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? How many people were killed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? When did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? What was the magnitude of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? When did the Great Sichuan earthquake occur? What time did the 2008 Sichuan earthquake occur? How many people were killed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? Along with Beijing, what city was affected by the earthquake? How deep was the epicenter? How long after the main quake did aftershocks continue to hit the area? What is another name for the Wenchuan earthquake? Where is the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake located? How far was the epicenter from Chengdu? How deep was the epicenter? How many people were confirmed dead as of July 21, 2008? How many of the dead were in Sichuan? How many people were left homeless by the earthquake? How many people lived in the affected area? How much money did China say it would spend to rebuild after the 2008 earthquake? How many of the dead were in Sichuan? How many people were injured? How many people were listed as missing? How many people were left homeless by the earthquake? How many people could have been left homeless by the earthquake? Where was the epicenter of the quake? How long did the quake last? What percentage of buildings were destroyed in the quake? What was the magnitude of the earthquake? How long did the quake last? What percentage of buildings were destroyed in the quake? Where did the earthquake occur? Along the Longmenshan fault is the border of what two plates? How long did the rupture last? The focus was deeper than how many kilometers? Where did the earthquake occur? What is the name of the mid-fracture? How long did the rupture last? What was the maximum displacement? When did Geng claim that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? When was Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory first released? What did Geng claim was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? In what region of Sichuan was there a significant earthquake? When was a significant earthquake predicted to occur in Ngawa Prefecture? What was Geng trying to link to earthquakes? What did the official deny? Up to how many meters of displacement was indicated along a fault approximately 240 km long by 20 km deep? Who was the seismologist for the USGS? How many meters of displacement was indicated along a fault approximately 240 km long by 20 km deep? How long was the fault that caused the earthquake? How deep was the earthquake fault? What ends of the fault did the earthquake increase stress at? What was Tom Parsons' rating of the risk of a major aftershock? How many people died in the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995? How many stages did the earthquake occur in? How long was the Longmenshan Fault? Along with the density of population, what factor increased the severity of the earthquake? How much energy did the Great Hanshin earthquake release? What was the firmness of the terrain in central China? What was the magnitude of the aftershocks? How long after the main quake did aftershocks occur? When did the latest aftershock exceed M6? What was the magnitude of the aftershocks? How many aftershocks were there? What was the strongest aftershock measured? How many aftershocks were between 4.0 MS and 4.9 MS? When did the latest aftershock exceed M6? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? Where was the Ms 6.1 earthquake that occurred on August 30, 2008? Why was the Ms 6.1 earthquake not part of this series? What year did the Panzhihua earthquake occur? Where was the Ms 6.1 earthquake that occurred on August 30, 2008? What was the name of the earthquake that occurred on August 30, 2008? What year did the Panzhihua earthquake occur? Who published the map of earthquake intensity? What is the maximum liedu on the China Seismic Intensity Scale? What is the maximum liedu of XI on the China Seismic Intensity Scale? What does XI mean? What is the town closest to the epicenter of the main quake? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? What is the average slip in the epicentral area of the Beichuan Fault? What is the average slip in Guanxian-Anxian Fault? What is the average slip in Guanxian-Anxian Fault? What is the average slip in Guanxian-Anxian Fault? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? What is the average slip in the epicentral area of the Beichuan Fault? What is the average slip in the epicentral area of the Beichuan Fault? How long was the slip horizontally perpendicular to the fault? Where were the Jin Mao Tower and Hong Kong New World Tower located? What did the receptionist at the Tibet Hotel say about the situation after the evacuation? How long did it take for workers at the Ford plant in Sichuan to be evacuated? What airport was shut down? When did Chengdu Shuangliu Airport reopen? What happened to the Hong Kong New World Tower? What airport was shut down? Why did Cathay Pacific delay its Hong Kong to London route? What was Chengdu Shuangliu Airport used for? What did reporters see on the walls of some residential buildings in Chengdu? What city did the 2008 Summer Olympics take place in? In what county did the train derail? What caused the cargo train to catch fire? What type of cracks did reporters see on the walls of residential buildings in Chengdu? What building was evacuated for the 2008 Summer Olympics? Which Olympic venues were not damaged? In what county did the train derail? What caused the cargo train to derail? How many highways into Wenchuan were damaged? What percentage of buildings collapsed in Beichuan County? What city was south-east of the epicenter? How many students survived the Dujiangyan school collapse? How many highways into Wenchuan were damaged? What caused the delay in the arrival of rescue troops? What percentage of buildings collapsed in Beichuan County? How many chemical plants collapsed in Shifang? How many students survived the Dujiangyan school collapse? What part of China did both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of? What metal rose on speculation that production in southwestern China may be affected? Why did oil prices drop? What stock exchanges suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China? What part of China did both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of? What metal rose on speculation that production in southwestern China may be affected? What stock exchange suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China? What two types of telecommunications were cut after the earthquake? What was cut to the Sichuan area? How long did it take for the government to restore telecommunications? What was cut to the Sichuan area? What was cut to the Sichuan area? Who restored telecommunications in the Sichuan province? What type of websites were eventually made accessible online in the region? What type of websites were eventually made accessible online? How many base stations did China Mobile have suspended? How many towers were suspended? How many base stations did China Mobile have suspended? Why did China Mobile have more than 2,300 base stations suspended? How much of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province? What is the name of the company that owns China Unicom? How many towers were suspended? What is the name of the reserve that is home to giant pandas? How many giant pandas live in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? How many British tourists visited the Wolong Panda Reserve? How many giant pandas live in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? What is the name of the reserve that is home to giant pandas? How many pandas escaped after their enclosures were damaged? How many cubs did Mao Mao have? What was the name of the nine year old who was found crushed by a wall in her enclosure? What type of plant was damaged? How far is the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant from the epicenter? How many troops have been assigned to Zipingpu? How many dams were damaged by the quake? What was damaged in the earthquake? How far is the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant from the epicenter? What type of damage was less severe than initially feared? What reservoir is in danger of collapse? How many dams were damaged by the quake? How many people are listed as missing? How many people are listed as missing? How many people are listed as missing? How many people are listed as missing? How many earthquake relief workers were killed in landslides? How many people are listed as missing? How many people are listed as missing? How many people are listed as missing? How many people are listed as missing? How many earthquake relief workers were killed in landslides? How many people were rescued from the town of Yingxiu? What county is Yingxiulethor in? What was the population of Yingxiu? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were injured in Beichuan County? How many people were rescued from the town of Yingxiu? What was the population of Yingxiu? How many people were killed in Beichuan County? How many people were injured in Beichuan County? How many schools were toppled in Dujiangyan? What is poor in Sichuan? Who told reporters in Beijing that the "public health care system in China is insufficient?" What did Gao Qiang say about China's public health care system? What country's economic rise has largely neglected the area around Nanjing? Where is Sichuan located? What did Gao Qiang say about China's public health care system? What did the Vice Minister of Health say the government should provide to earthquake victims? How many school children died due to shoddy construction? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many school buildings collapsed? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? What was the cause of thousands of school casualties? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many school buildings collapsed? How many students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School? When did a non-governmental group begin investigating school casualties? When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many children were disabled as a result of the earthquake? When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released? Who posted updates on his blog since March 2009? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many children were disabled as a result of the earthquake? What type of clinics did the Chinese government offer free treatment to parents who lost their only children? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people could have been left without housing after the earthquake? How many animals were destroyed? How many people could have been left without housing after the earthquake? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people could have been left without housing after the earthquake? How many animals were destroyed? How many pigs died in the Sichuan province? Who pointed out that China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake? What is Reginald DesRoches a professor of? When was the Tangshan earthquake? When did China create an adequate seismic design code? What type of team was sent to the area to make a preliminary survey of the damage? What was the purpose of the engineers sent to the area? What is one of the reasons many constructions failed to withstand an earthquake? What type of team was dispatched to the area to make a detailed preliminary survey of the damage? What was the purpose of the engineers? What is one of the reasons many constructions failed to withstand an earthquake? What type of villages were hardest hit? Who is an assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology? In what part of China did the earthquake occur? What was different about the buildings in the area? What kind of building codes are in China? What did many of these buildings not have? What is the estimated economic loss from the Sichuan earthquake? What type of damage did the Sichuan earthquake cause? What is the estimated economic loss from the Sichuan earthquake? What is one of the most expensive natural disasters in Chinese history? How many of the largest cities in Sichuan suffered damage? How many homes collapsed in Shaanxi? What was the magnitude of the aftershock? How many people were injured in the aftershock? How many homes collapsed in Shaanxi? How many people were injured in the aftershocks? Where was Qingchuan located? Who confirmed that more than 90,000 people were dead or missing in the earthquake? How many homes had been rebuilt? How many households were still without permanent shelter? How many schools had been reconstructed? Who confirmed that more than 90,000 people were dead or missing in the earthquake? How many people were confirmed dead or missing in the earthquake of 2008? How many homes had been rebuilt? How many homes were under reconstruction? How many households were still without permanent shelter? Who flew to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue? What is Wen Jiabao's academic background? What did Premier Wen Jiabao oversee? How many troops did the Chengdu Military Region Command send to Wenchuan County? How long after the earthquake did Premier Wen Jiabao arrive? How many teams did the Ministry of Health send to Wenchuan County? How many troops did the Chengdu Military Region Command send to Wenchuan County? Where was the epicenter of the quake? What plan covers the most serious class of natural disasters? What does the Level II emergency contingency plan cover? When did the plan reach Level I? What is the most serious class of natural disasters? What class of natural disasters does the Level II emergency contingency plan cover? What is the most serious class of natural disasters? Who initiated a Level II emergency contingency plan? How many people were on the earthquake relief team? How many people from the Beijing Military Area Command were on the earthquake relief team? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were from the Armed Police General Hospital? How many people were on the earthquake relief team? How many people were on the earthquake relief team? How many people were from the Beijing Military Area Command? What hospital did the 184-person earthquake relief team come from? How many planes did the earthquake relief team use to travel to Wenchuan County? What is the name of the alleged Chinese construction engineer? What is the name of the alleged Chinese construction engineer? What is the name of the alleged Chinese construction engineer? What is the name of the alleged Chinese construction engineer? What was the name of the day that many parents went to the rubble of schools to mourn for their children? Where did most of the children live after the earthquake? What did the children do on the day of the earthquake? Where did parents go to mourn for their children? When was Children's Day? Where were the surviving children living? How much money have Central State-owned enterprises donated? How much money did China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donate to the disaster area? How much money have Central State-owned enterprises donated? How much money did China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donate to the disaster area? How much money did China receive in donations? How many countries donated money and goods to China? How many international organizations donated money and goods to China? What country was the largest aid donor to China? How much money did Saudi Arabia give to China? How much money did China receive from 19 countries? What country was the largest aid donor to China? How many international organizations donated money and goods to China? What did the State Council establish in 2008? How long did the plan last? What does stand for? How many affected counties will each province help? How long did the plan last? How much did the plan cost? What did the chief engineer of the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau believe could have caused the rupture of the fault? What is the name of the dam that may have triggered the earthquake? How much more stress did the earthquake cause than a year's worth of natural stress from tectonic movement? Who disregarded warnings about large-scale dam projects in a seismically active area? What type of active area did the government ignore warnings about? What types of data have researchers been denied access to? What did the earthquake give researchers the opportunity to do? What year was the Sichuan earthquake? What did Strachimir Mavrodiev attempt to establish? What did Mavrodiev collect? What did Zhang Xiaodong say about earthquake prediction? Why was earthquake prediction a global issue? What did Zhang Xiaodong say about earthquake prediction? What type of notification was not received before the earthquake? What did Gibson say he didn't see that could be regarded as having predicted the earthquake? When did Chen Xuezhong publish his Seismic Risk Analysis study? Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis study? Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis study? When did Chen Xuezhong publish his Seismic Risk Analysis study? What was the magnitude of Chen Xuezhong's study? How long did it take for the worst earthquake to hit the Sichuan area? How long has it been since a major earthquake hit the Sichuan area? What consensus was there within the scientific community that earthquake "prediction" is possible? What did the public want to know about the quake? What is not yet established science? What is the name of the Taiwanese rescue team? How many Tibetans were stranded in their village for five days without food and water? What did the Red Cross Society of China blame for the inconvenient situation? What did the Red Cross Society of China recommend instead of supplies? What is a common cause of blocked roads? What ethnicity is the village of Sierlethor located in? What happened in Wenchuan County that harmed rescue efforts? How many helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid? How many troops were in the Chengdu Military Region? How many survivors were found in Yingxiu Town? How many troops and militia reservists from the Chengdu Military Region joined the rescue effort? What kind of rain and landslides affected rescue efforts in Wenchuan County? How many helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid? How many troops were in the Chengdu Military Region? How many survivors were found in Yingxiu Town? How many survivors were found in Yingxiu Town? How many helicopters did Premier Wen Jiabao order deployed? How many helicopters were to be provided by the PLAAF? How many helicopters were to be provided by the civil aviation industry? How many helicopters did the PLAAF, army, and civil aviation deploy in relief operations? How many helicopters did the PLAAF, army, and civil aviation deploy in relief operations? How many helicopters were to be provided by the PLAAF? Who provided the other 30 helicopters? What type of operation was the largest in the People's Liberation Army's history? What was the name of the Taiwanese foundation that helped Beijing? What country did the Tzu Chi Foundation come from? When did Beijing accept the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation? What was the name of the Taiwanese organization that helped Beijing? What type of help did China say it would accept? What did China say it would do with the help of the international community? What airline chartered a cargo flight from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? When did the flight leave Taipei? When was the flight from Taipei to Chengdu? What type of flight was made by China Airlines to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? What airport did China Airlines fly from to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? Where did China Airlines fly from to Chengdu? What type of airline was the flight from Taipei to Chengdu? Where did China Airlines fly from to Chengdu? What type of images did the US share with the Chinese? Who did the US share satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? When did rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia, and Taiwan arrive? What type of images did the US share with the Chinese? What supplies did the US send to China? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? What was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? What did Xinhua set up? Why did Xinhua set up an online rescue request center? Where did a student propose a landing spot for the rescue helicopters? What was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? What news agency set up an online rescue request center? Who proposed a landing spot online? What did volunteers set up to help victims and evacuees? When did the rescue helicopter crash? What did China do on the anniversary of the quake? How long did the government allow people access to the Beichuan county seat? How long did the government allow people access to the Beichuan county seat? What did China do on the anniversary of the quake? What will the ruins of the Beichuan county seat become after they are frozen? What did people do to raise money for the victims of the earthquake? What will the ruins of the Beichuan county seat be used for? What did people donate that resulted in long lines in most major Chinese cities? What companies set up text messaging accounts for earthquake relief? Where did people come to make donations after the earthquake? What did people donate that resulted in long lines in most major Chinese cities? Where were donation booths set up after the earthquake? How did people donate to the earthquake relief? How much money did the Chinese government allocate for earthquake relief? How many tents did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China send to Wenchuan County? How much money did the Red Cross Society of China send to Wenchuan County? Where did the Red Cross Society of China deliver the quilts? How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provide? Who flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts to Wenchuan County? How much money has the Amity Foundation earmarked for disaster relief? How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provide? Who did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provide tents to? Who has already begun relief work in the region? How many schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? What is the Chinese catch phrase for "tofu-dregs schoolhouses?" How many schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? How many schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? What is the Chinese catch phrase for "tofu-dregs schoolhouses?" What are "illegal children" under 18 years of age registered as? How long was 'The Giving of Love'? Who was the round-the-clock coverage anchor for The Giving of Love? How many Chinese Yuan were donated? How much did Jackie Chan donate? What was the name of the music video Jackie Chan made with other artists? What was the name of the four-hour program on May 18? What was the approximate amount of Chinese Yuan donated? What station broadcast a special four-hour program on May 18? How much did Jackie Chan donate to the victims? What was the name of the music video Jackie Chan made with other artists? What did a professor at Peking University say about China's media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake? What did Myanmar block during Cyclone Nargis? What did a professor at Peking University say about China's media coverage of the earthquake? What newspaper praised China's media coverage of the quake? When was the Tangshan earthquake? What were the massive amounts of water behind the blockages called? How many lakes had formed as of May 27, 2008? How many lakes had formed as of May 27, 2008? What was the magnitude of the earthquake? What caused many rivers to become blocked? What were the massive amounts of water behind the blockages called? How many lakes had formed as of May 27, 2008? What caused villages to be evacuated? Where is Mount Tangjia located? How was Mount Tangjia accessible? What was used to transport the earthmoving equipment to the quake-lake? How many people were evacuated from Mianyang? Why were people evacuated from Mianyang? What mountain is located in Beichuan County, Sichuan? Where is Mount Tangjia located? How many soldiers arrived on site by foot? Who declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims? How long was the mourning period for the quake victims? Whose death is considered the biggest display of mourning? When did the State Council declare a three day period of national mourning for the quake victims? Along with trucks, what vehicles slowed down in Beijing? How long was the period of national mourning? What event was scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning? Where was the Beijing Olympic torch relay scheduled to take place? Where was the Beijing Olympic torch relay scheduled to take place? Where was the Beijing Olympic torch relay supposed to take place? What was scaled down for the torch relay? What city did the torch start in after the quake? What did many websites convert their home page to? What did Sina.com and Sohu remove from their homepages? What type of sites were shut down? Who burst out cheering after the silence? What was shut down in Macau? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? How many pupils were spared by Ye Zhiping's actions during the earthquake? How many pupils were in attendance at the Sangzao Middle School when the earthquake happened? How much money did he receive to widen and strengthen the concrete pillars and balcony railing of his school? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School? What county is Sangzao in? How long did he oversee a major overhaul of his school? Why did Chinese prosecutors join the inquiry? What type of checks were to be carried out at schools after the earthquake? Who joined the official inquiry into the collapsed schools? What type of crime did Chinese prosecutors want to investigate? What type of schools were to be inspected after the earthquake? Who reported that Chinese prosecutors joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools? What was the reward for signing the document? Who broke up protests by parents? Who said they were investigating the collapses? Why did officials force parents to sign a document forbidding protests? What was the reward for signing the document? What happened to those who refused to sign the document? What did the Chinese news media stop reporting on? Who was detained for disseminating rumors and destroying social order? What was Liu being investigated for? What was Liu Shaokun's occupation? What crime was Liu suspected of? What did Liu do with the photos? In what interview did he express his anger at the shoddy tofu-dregs buildings? How long was the re-education through labor? When did Tan Zuoren write an article in support of the pro-democracy movement? When was Tan Zuoren sentenced? What was Tan Zuoren trying to document? What did China request from the international community? Along with condolences, what did foreign nations offer in response to the quake? When did UNICEF report that China formally requested the support of the international community? What organization reported that China formally requested the support of the international community? What was the magnitude of the quake? How much money did Yao Ming donate to the Red Cross Society of China? How much money has the American Cancer Society received in donations? How much money had been donated by the Chinese public? Who donated 10.7 billion yuan? Who gave $214,000 and $71,000 to the Red Cross Society of China? What is the total amount of donations collected by the American Cancer Society? What did Marcus say about the Chinese rescue effort? What did the Economist say about China's response to the earthquake? How did Burma respond to the quake? How long did it take for Burma to respond to Cyclone Nargis? Who praised the Chinese rescue effort? What type of footage was shown on CCTV-1 after the quake? What type of footage did Mainland Chinese television stations show after the quake? What happened to pay television channels? What other country's response to the quake was praised? What caused the Chinese government to lose confidence after the quake? What was the response to the quake in Burma? What did the parents accuse the builders and officials of doing? What did parents of children lost in the quake complain about? What did censors discourage from being published in the media? What type of media has largely ignored the issue? What is the name of the government's propaganda arm? Who reported that the state-controlled media ignored the issue? Why are tofu buildings called "tofu buildings"? What type of wires are used instead of steel rods in tofu buildings? Who did not check to see if it met national standards? What type of officials have not been brought to justice? How many families have lost their only child? What was the government's threat to protesters? What newspaper reported on the government's warning to parents not to protest? How many families have lost their only child? What is the most populous city in the US? What is the most populous city in the US? What is the most populous city in the US? What is the most populous city in the US? What is the most populous city in the US? What is the most populous city in the US? How many boroughs does New York City have? In what year were the five boroughs consolidated into one city? What is the estimated population of New York City in 2014? How many square miles is New York City? How many people live in the Combined Statistical Area? How many boroughs does New York City have? Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island are what boroughs? In what year were the five boroughs consolidated into one city? What is the estimated population of New York City in 2014? How many languages are spoken in New York City? What was the original name of New York City? New York City was founded as a trading post by colonists of what country? When did New York cease to be the capital of the United States? In what year did the English take over Southampton? When did New York cease to be the capital of the United States? When was New York City founded? In what year was New York City named? In what year did the English take over Southampton? When did New York cease to be the capital of the United States? How many of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions are located in New York City? How many stations does the New York City Subway have? Where is Wall Street located in New York City? How many colleges and universities are in New York City? What are the names of the two largest stock exchanges in the world? Along with Long Island, what is now Staten Island? During what glaciation was the New York City region situated at the edge of an ice sheet over 1,000 feet deep? How deep was the ice sheet? What was the Lenape's homeland called? In what year did Giovanni da Verrazzano visit New York Harbor? Who was the first European to visit New York Harbor? What was the name of Verrazzano's ship? What country did Napoleon claim the area for? What was the name of the area claimed by Napoleon? In what year did Giovanni da Verrazzano visit New York Harbor? What was the name of Verrazzano's ship? What country did Napoleon claim the area for? When did Gomes arrive in New York Harbor? Who led the Spanish expedition to New York Harbor? What language was La Anunciada? Who was Estêvo Gomes sailing for? What was the name of the caravel charted by Gomes? What did Gomes name the mouth of the Hudson River? What was the 1527 world map known as? Who re-discovered the region in 1609? What company did Henry Hudson work for? In what year was the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Netherlands? How many days did he spend exploring the area? What did Hudson name his river? What company did Henry Hudson work for? In what year was the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Netherlands? Who re-discovered the region in 1609? In what city was Columbus born? What was Juan Rodriguez's Dutch name? What was Juan Rodriguez's occupation? Who is Juan Rodriguez Way named in honor of? In what season did Hudson arrive in Manhattan? What was Juan Rodriguez's nationality? From 159th Street to what street is Juan Rodriguez Way? Where was the Dutch fur trading settlement located? On what island was Fort Amsterdam built? In what year was construction started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island? Who purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie? In what year did Peter Minuit purchase Manhattan? In what year did a permanent European presence begin in New York? In what year was construction started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island? According to legend, what was the purchase price of Manhattan? What did the English rename the city? Who was the Duke of York's successor? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland? What position did Peter Stuyvesant hold? In what year did Peter Stuyvesant surrender New Amsterdam to the English? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland? Who was the Prince of Orange? When did Anthonio Colve take over the colony of New York? What did Anthonio Colve rechristen the colony of New York as? When did the Dutch return the island to England? Who took over the colony of New York from England? What country did Anthonio Colve come from? Who was the Prince of Orange? In what war did the English gain New Amsterdam? What was the population of the Lenape by 1700? What island did the Dutch gain control of in exchange for New Amsterdam? What was the population of the Lenape by 1700? In what war did the English gain New Amsterdam? What percentage of households in Charleston had slaves by 1730? What other city had more slaves than Charleston? Where was a new federal courthouse constructed in the 1990s? What type of building was being built near Foley Square? What other city had more slaves than Charleston? When was the African Burying Ground discovered? In what year was John Peter Zenger tried? In what city was John Peter Zenger tried? In what year was Columbia University founded? Who founded Columbia University? What was the name of King George II's college? Who was tried in Manhattan in 1735? In what year was Columbia University founded? In what city did the Stamp Act Congress meet? What was the largest battle of the American Revolution? What is the name of the modern-day borough where the Battle of Long Island was fought? When was the Battle of Long Island fought? How many escaped slaves crowded into New Orleans during the British occupation? When did the British forces evacuate? What was the largest battle of the American Revolution? What is the name of the modern-day borough where the Battle of Long Island was fought? When did the British forces evacuate? When did the only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war take place? Who was the British general that attempted a peaceful solution to the war? What was the name of the conflagration that destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city? Where was the Great Fire of New York? What church was destroyed in the Great Fire of New York? Who was the British general that attempted a peaceful solution to the war? What destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city? In what year was New York made the capital? Who was the first President of the United States? Where was the United States Bill of Rights drafted? Where was the United States Bill of Rights drafted? What city was larger than New York City in 1790? Who made New York the capital of the United States? What city was made the capital of the Confederacy in 1785? In what year was George Washington inaugurated? In what year did New York surpass Philadelphia as the largest city in the US? When was the gradual abolition act passed in New York State? Where did a significant free black population develop? Who founded the New York Manumission Society? In what year was slavery abolished? How many black people lived in Charleston in 1840? When was the gradual abolition act passed in New York State? In what year was slavery abolished? What plan was adopted in 1811? In what year was the Erie Canal completed? Who was the political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants? Along with Irish and German immigrants, who supported Tammany Hall? In what year was the Erie Canal completed? What was the name of the first landscaped park in an American city? In what year did Central Park become a landscaped park? What was the first landscaped park in an American city? What caused a large influx of Irish immigrants? How many people lived in New York City in 1860? How much of New York City's population lived in 1860? What percentage of New York's population was German in 1860? What had disrupted societies in the German provinces? What caused a large influx of Irish immigrants? How many people lived in New York City in 1860? Who called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States? How much was the commutation fee to hire a substitute? What class were the most visible participants in the Draft Riots of 1863? How many people were killed? What was the black population in Manhattan in 1865? What was the name of the orphanage that was burned? In what year was the modern City of New York formed? In what year did the subway open? What part of the Bronx did the County of New York include? In what year did the subway open? When did the steamship General Slocum catch fire? How many people were killed on the steamship General Slocum? What was the city's worst industrial disaster? How many garment workers died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What union grew out of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What was the city's worst industrial disaster? What was New York's non-white population in 1890? What type of life flourished during Prohibition? What was New York's non-white population in 1890? What city did New York surpass in population in the 1920s? What is the first megacity in human history? Who was elected mayor during the Great Depression? How many years of political dominance did Tammany Hall have? What is the first megacity in human history? In what year was the United Nations Headquarters completed? New York's rise of abstract expressionism led to its displacement of what other city as the center of the art world? What art movement displaced Paris as the center of the art world? What was completed in 1952? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? When did the Stonewall riots take place? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? What was the target of the Stonewall riots? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? In what year did New York's population reach all-time highs? In what year did New York's population reach an all-time high? What important new sector emerged in the city's economy? In what decade did crime continue to increase in New York City? When did job losses due to industrial restructuring cause New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates? When did job losses due to industrial restructuring cause New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates? What airline piloted into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? What airline flew into the South Tower of the World Trade Center? How many firefighters were killed in the attacks? When did the World Trade Center PATH station open? How many meters is the One World Trade Center's spire? When did the World Trade Center PATH station open? How many terrorists piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? What airline piloted into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where was the Occupy Wall Street protests held? Where was the Occupy Wall Street protests held? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Who founded The National Review? In what year was The National Review founded? Who vigorously defended his city when a Republican presidential candidate ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values"? Who ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values"? What region of the US is New York City located in? In what part of New York State is New York City located? New York City is halfway between Washington, D.C. and what other city? What is the name of the ocean that feeds the mouth of the Hudson River? What river feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean? What river feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean? What ocean does the mouth of the Hudson River feed into? Along with Long Island, Manhattan and Staten Island, what is the largest island in New York City? The Hudson River separates New York City from what U.S. state? What river separates Manhattan from the Bronx? Which river is the only fresh water river in New York City? The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into what bay? In what city is the Hudson River estuary? The Hudson River separates New York City from what U.S. state? Which river is the only fresh water river in New York City? What river separates Manhattan from the Bronx? What development was built in the 1970s and 1980s? What is the total area of the city? How much of the land is water? How much of the land is water? What is the name of the highest point in New York City? Where is Todt Hill located? What is the total area of the city? How much of the land is water? How much of the land is water? What is the name of the highest point in New York City? How many feet above sea level is Todt Hill? What is the oldest section of the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House? Where is the oldest section of the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House located? What is the most expensive new office building in the world? What is the name of the skyscraper located at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan? How old is the oldest section of the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House? What is the most expensive new office building in the world? How many completed skyscrapers in New York City were taller than 656 feet as of 2011? What city had skyscrapers taller than 656 feet? How many of the 5,937 high-rise buildings in New York City were at least 330 feet high? When was the Woolworth Building built? How many completed skyscrapers were taller than 656 feet? What city had skyscrapers taller than 656 feet? How many of the 5,937 high-rise buildings in New York City were at least 330 feet high? When was the Empire State Building built? What style did the Chrysler Building and Empire State Building have? What is the 61st floor of the Chrysler Building decorated with? What type of building is the Seagram Building? What award did the Condé Nast Building receive from the American Institute of Architects? What is on the 61st floor of the Chrysler Building? When was the Empire State Building built? When was the Chrysler Building built? Where is Riverdale located? In what city is Ditmas Park located? Where is Douglaston located? When was the period of rapid expansion in New York? Along with Tudor Revival, what architectural style is common in the Bronx? What type of rowhouses define the character of New York's large residential districts? In what year did the Great Fire of 1835 occur? How many stories were required to have water pressure gauges installed in the 1800s? What is an example of an outlying area in which garden apartments became popular? What two building materials became the city's building materials of choice after the Great Fire of 1835? What is a distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings? In what year did the U.S. Geological Survey release an updated analysis of seismic hazard? How many boroughs would be among the ten most populous cities in the U.S.? How many boroughs of New York City are there? What boroughs would be among the ten most populous cities in the US? What type of climate does New York City have? How many days per year does the area get at least some sunshine? How many hours of sunshine does the area get per year? What type of climate is Dfa? What is the coldest month in New York City? What type of climate does New York City have? How many days per year does the area get at least some sunshine? What USDA zone does the city fall under? The partial shielding from colder air by what keeps the city warmer than other North American cities? What is the daily mean temperature in the area in January? What is the average humidity level in July? How many days a year do temperatures reach 100 degrees Fahrenheit? On what date did temperatures reach 106 degrees Fahrenheit? What was the record high temperature on July 9, 1936? On what date was the lowest temperature recorded in Tucson? In what year did temperatures reach 106 degrees Fahrenheit? How many millimeters of rain does Atlantic City get? What is the average snowfall between 1981 and 2010? When did Hurricane Sandy hit New York City? How many inches of precipitation does the city receive each year? What was the name of the storm that hit New York City on October 29, 2012? What is the average snowfall between 1981 and 2010? What is the name of the City of New York's Department of Parks and Recreation? What is the name of the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation? Who operates the City of New York's park system? What city had the best park system in the 50 most populous U.S. cities in 2013? What was the second best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities? What city had the best park system in the 50 most populous U.S. cities in 2013? How many acres is the Gateway National Recreation Area? How many acres of salt marsh, islands, and water are in the Gateway National Recreation Area? What is the name of the fort on the Rockaway Peninsula? What is the name of the park that includes Fort Tilden? What is the name of the wildlife refuge located in Brooklyn and Queens? How many acres is the Gateway National Recreation Area? Who manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? What is another name for General Grant's Tomb? Where is the Stonewall Inn located? What movement was the Stonewall Inn a catalyst for? Who manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? What state has the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? What state has the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? Where is the Stonewall Inn located? What is another name for General Grant's Tomb? How many state parks are in New York City? How many acres is Riverbank State Park? How many miles long is Riverbank State Park? How many state parks are in New York City? How many feet does Riverbank State Park rise over the Hudson River? How many acres of parkland does New York City have? How many miles of public beaches does New York City have? What is the largest municipal park in the city? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? How many acres of parkland does New York City have? How many miles of public beaches does New York City have? What is the largest municipal park in the city? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? What is the only U.S. military installation in New York City? In what year was Fort Hood established? In what year was Fort Hood established? What division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers is Fort Hamilton the headquarters of? What brigade does the base house? What is the only U.S. military installation in New York City? In what year was Fort Hood established? In what year was Fort Hood established? Where is Fort Totten located? How many people live in New York City? What is the second most populous US city? How many residents did New York City gain between April 2010 and July 2014? What percentage of New York State's population does New York City have? What percentage of New York State's population does New York City have? How many people live in New York City? What is the second most populous US city? What percentage of New York State's population is in New York City? How many people lived per square mile in Atlantic City in 2014? What is the population density of the borough of Manhattan? What county is Hudson County located in? What percentage of Atlantic City's 2010 population was non-Hispanic white? What percentage of Atlantic City's 2010 population was black? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What percentage of the city's population is Hispanic? What percentage of Atlantic City's 2010 population was non-Hispanic white? What percentage of Atlantic City's 2010 population was non-Hispanic black? When was the last time the number of blacks declined over a decade? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What percentage of Atlantic City's 2010 population was non-Hispanic black? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? On what side of Manhattan was the term "melting pot" first used? What was the largest immigrant group in 1900? What percentage of Atlantic City's population was white in 1940? What was the second largest immigrant group in 1900? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? What percentage of the city's population is foreign born? What was the largest source of foreign-born individuals in the city in 2011? How many Bangladeshis lived in Trinidad and Tobago in 2013? What was the largest source of foreign-born individuals in the city in 2011? What percentage of the city's population is foreign born? Which New York City borough has the largest Asian American population? What is the name of the Chinese enclave in Manhattan? What percentage of New York City was of Chinese ethnicity in 2012? Which New York City borough has the largest Asian American population? What percentage of Seoul's population is Japanese? How many non-Hispanic white people lived in New York City in 2012? How many non-Hispanic white people lived in Houston in 2012? How many Polish Americans were there in 2012? How many non-Hispanic white people lived in Chicago in 2012? Where are Albanian Americans most concentrated? How many non-Hispanic white people lived in New York City in 2012? How many people live in the New York City metropolitan area? How many Jews lived in the region in 2012? How many Little India enclaves are in the New York metropolitan area? How many Hispanics live in New York City? How many established Chinatowns are within New York City? How many Puerto Ricans lived in New York City in 2013? What country was the top source of legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013? What country was the top source of legal immigrants to New York City in 2013? What country was the top source of legal immigrants to New York City in 2013? What country was the top source of legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013? What is the population of the gay and bisexual community in New York? When were same sex marriages legalized in New York? How many days after the legalization of same sex marriages are they allowed to take place? What is the population of the gay and bisexual community in New York? When were same sex marriages legalized in New York? How many days after the legalization of same sex marriages are they allowed to take place? What percentage of New Yorkers practice Christianity? What percentage of New Yorkers practice Catholicism? How many Jews lived in New York City in 2014? Where do most Jews live in New York City? What ranks third in New York City? What was the most prevalent religion in New York City in 2014? What was the second most prevalent religion in New York City in 2014? Where do most Jews live in New York City? What percentage of people in 2014 identified as having no organized religious affiliation? What ranks third in New York City? What is the Gini Coefficient for Manhattan? What city has a Gini Coefficient of 0.6? Who was the former Mayor of New York City? What percentage of New Yorkers are millionaires? What was the average weekly wage in New York County in 2014? What was the average weekly wage in New York County in 2014? What city has a high degree of income disparity? What is the name of New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere? Who published the first Global Economic Power Index? In what year did the Port of New York and New Jersey handle a record amount of cargo? In what year did New York City top the first Global Economic Power Index? How many private sector jobs in the city are with a foreign company? What magazine ranked New York City as one of the American Cities of the Future in 2013? What was the total value of all New York City property in 2015? What was the market value of the Time Warner Center in 2006? How much did 450 Park Avenue sell for per square foot? How much did 450 Park Avenue sell for per square foot? How many of the top ten zip codes in the US by median housing price are located in Manhattan? What is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city? What building was sold in June 2007 for $1,476 per square foot? New York City's advertising industry is metonymically referred to as what? How many people work in New York City's fashion industry? What is the annual wage of the fashion industry in New York City? What is the name of the advertising agency based in Manhattan? How many people work in New York City's fashion industry? What are the names of two global advertising agencies based in Manhattan? How many residents are employed in the food processing industry? How much money is spent on food processing? Where is the garment industry showing a resurgence? How much chocolate does New York City export each year? Where is Godiva's headquarters? Where is Godiva's headquarters? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? What is one of the world's largest chocolatiers? How many jobs were in the city's securities industry in August 2013? What percentage of the city's private sector jobs did the securities industry account for in 2012? What was the tax revenue of the city's securities industry in 2012? What was the average salary in 2012? What percentage of the city's total wages come from the securities industry? What is the largest segment of the city's financial sector? On what street is the New York Stock Exchange located? Where is the NASDAQ located? How much were investment banking fees on Wall Street in 2012? What percentage of New York State's tax revenue was generated by Wall Street's securities industry? Who did NYSE Euronext take over the administration of the London interbank offered rate from? On what street is the New York Stock Exchange located? Where is the NASDAQ located? How many square meters of office space is in Midtown Manhattan? What is the largest central business district in the world? How many square feet of office space was in Midtown Manhattan in 2015? Where is Silicon Alley centered? Where is Verizon Communications headquartered? How much did Verizon Communications spend on a fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade? In 2014, how many employees worked in the tech sector in New York City? In 2014, how many employees worked in the tech sector in New York City? What university did Bloomberg choose to build a graduate school of applied sciences? How much money did Bloomberg spend to build Cornell Tech? On what island was Cornell Tech to be built? How much money did Accelerator raise in 2014? How many square feet does the Alexandria Center for Life Science cover? What is the name of the graduate school that will be built on Roosevelt Island? How many tourists visited New York City in 2011? How many tourists visited New York City in 2013? How many tourists visited New York City in 2014? How much economic impact did tourism have on New York City in 2014? How many tourists visited New York City in 2014? How many tourists visited New York City in 2013? What is the basis of I Love New York's advertising campaign? In what year was I Love New York first used to promote tourism in New York City? Who owns the trademarked logo of New York City? What is the basis of I Love New York's advertising campaign? In what year was I Love New York first used to promote tourism in New York City? What is the basis of I Love New York's advertising campaign? Where is the Halloween Parade held? What is the name of the famous Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City? What is the name of the Christmas tree that is lit in Rockefeller Center? What is the name of the free concert series in Central Park? In what borough is the Unisphere located? How many hotel rooms did Manhattan have at the end of 2014? What percentage increase in hotel rooms did Manhattan have from 2013 to 2014? What company purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group pay for the Waldorf Astoria New York? What is the name of the world's most expensive hotel? How many hotel rooms did Manhattan have at the end of 2014? What company purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group pay for the Waldorf Astoria New York? How many feature films are produced in New York City each year? How many people are employed by the film industry in New York City? How much money is spent on film production in New York City? What city was the top North American city for location filming during the 2013/2014 cycle? What record label is headquartered in New York? What is the largest media market in North America? How many of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New York? How many people are employed in the publishing industry? What newspaper has won the most Pulitzer Prizes? What newspaper has won the most Pulitzer Prizes? In what year was The New York Daily News founded? Who founded The New York Post? How many consumer magazines have offices in New York City? How many consumer magazines have offices in New York City? How many consumer magazines are published in New York City? What is the name of the newspaper that has won the most Pulitzer Prizes? In what year was The New York Daily News founded? What are the three major American broadcast networks headquartered in New York City? What is the name of the City of New York's public broadcast service? What cable network is based in New York City? What cable news network is based in Atlantic City? What is the oldest public-access television channel in the US? When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network founded? What is the city's major public television station? What was the name of the public radio station owned by New York City until 1997? In what year did WNYC cease to be owned by the city? What is the oldest public-access television channel in the US? When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network founded? What was the name of the public radio station owned by New York City until 1997? Who manages the New York City Public Schools? How many students are in the New York City Public Schools? How many separate primary and secondary schools does the New York City Public Schools system have? How many specialized high schools does New York City have? How many students are in the New York City Public Schools? How many specialized high schools does New York City have? What organization assists in the creation of charter schools? How many private secular and religious schools are located in New Delhi? How many students attended the City University of New York in 2014? How many out of five Manhattan residents had a college degree in 2005? How many of Manhattan's residents have a postgraduate degree? How many institutions are part of the CUNY system? How many students are enrolled in New York City's higher education institutions? What has the largest collection of any public library system in the US? What is the nation's second largest public library system? What is the nation's second largest public library system? What library serves Brooklyn? What city does the New York Public Library serve? What corporation operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City? How many acute care hospitals does HHC operate? What is the annual revenue of the HHC? How many patients does HHC serve? How many uninsured city residents are served by HHC? When was HHC created? How many nursing homes does HHC operate? What is the oldest public hospital in the US? Who is the president of HHC? What is the oldest public hospital in the US? What is the oldest public hospital in the US? Who is the president of HHC? What state is Ramanathan Raju from? What position did Raju hold prior to joining HHC? How many sworn officers does the NYPD have? What is the nickname given to members of the NYPD? What is the largest police force in the US? How many sworn officers does the NYPD have? What is the nickname given to members of the NYPD? How many homicides did New York City have in 2014? How much did violent crime in New York City decrease from 1993 to 2005? What city was ranked 197th in crime among the 216 U.S. cities with populations greater than 100,000? In what year did the city record fewer than 500 homicides? How many homicides did New York City have in 2014? In the first six months of 2010, what percentage of shooting victims were black or Hispanic? Along with the Forty Thieves, what group was associated with New York City in the 1820s? What group dominated the mafia in the 20th century? What is another name for the Roach Guards? What was a notable gang in the 20th century? What is the largest fire department in the world? Who provides fire protection, technical rescue, and primary response to biological, chemical, and radioactive hazards? What is the FDNY's motto? Who provides fire protection, technical rescue, and primary response to biological, chemical, and radioactive hazards? What city has the largest fire department in the world? How many firefighters does the FDNY employ? How many uniformed EMTs and paramedics does the FDNY employ? What is the FDNY's motto? How long is the subway system in New York? What can large parks and wooded areas give rise to? Where is the FDNY Fire Academy located? Where is the FDNY Fire Academy located? Where is the FDNY headquarters located? Where is the FDNY Fire Academy located? Where is the FDNY headquarters located? Where is the FDNY Fire Academy located? Where is the office for Staten Island Fire Communications? In what decade did Detroit become a center of jazz? What decade was hip hop born in New York City? What movement established the African-American literary canon in the US? What was the center of abstract expressionism in the 1940s? What type of art was popular in the 1950s? What type of music was born in New York City in the 1970s? What city is considered the dance capital of the world? What is one of the world's preeminent fashion events? What is another name for abstract expressionism? What is one of the world's preeminent fashion events? Who compiles the list of top fashion capitals? When did Broadway and 42nd Street begin to feature a new stage form? How many art galleries are located in New York City? Along what street did Broadway theaters begin to feature a new stage form? Who was influenced by the city's immigrants? How many art galleries does New York City have? What led to elaborate theater productions? What was the attendance for the 2013-2014 season? Broadway is sometimes referred to as what? How much more money did Broadway shows sell in the 2013-2014 season? How much did Broadway show tickets sell in the 2013-2014 season? What was the attendance for the 2013-2014 season? What was the attendance for the 2012-2013 season? How many restaurants are inspected by the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene? How many mobile food vendors are licensed by the city? How many restaurants are inspected by the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene? What does the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assign to restaurants? How many of the finest haute cuisine restaurants in the world are located in Paris? In what year did the Brooklyn Dodgers begin? Along with MetLife Stadium, Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden and Citi Field, what is the most expensive stadium ever built? Along with the original Yankee Stadium, what famous stadium has been commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp? In what year did the Brooklyn Dodgers begin? What sports league is headquartered in New York City? How many professional sports leagues are in the New York metropolitan area? How many major professional sports teams has Charlotte played host to? What sport is New York known for? How many pennants have been won by New York teams? What sport is New York known for? How many baseball teams does Oakland have? How many pennants have been won by New York teams? How many pennants have been won by New York teams? How many baseball teams does Oakland have? How many World Series have New York City teams played each other? What is the name of the World Series in which two New York City teams played each other? Where do the New York Giants and the New York Jets play their home games? In what year did MetLife Stadium host Super Bowl XLVIII? What is the name of the NFL team based in New York City? Where do the New York Giants and the New York Jets play their home games? Where is MetLife Stadium located? What is the name of the Super Bowl played in East Rutherford, New Jersey? In what year did MetLife Stadium host Super Bowl XLVIII? What teams represent New York City in the National Hockey League? Where do the New Jersey Devils play? Where do the New Jersey Devils play? What sport do the Islanders and Rangers play? What team represents New York in the National Hockey League? What are the names of the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks? What is the name of the city's Women's National Basketball Association? In what year was the first college basketball championship held? What is the name of the city's Women's National Basketball Association? What was the name of the first national college basketball championship? In what year was the first college basketball championship held? What is the name of the city's Women's National Basketball Association team? Where is the National Tennis Center located? What is the name of the annual track and field meet? What is the last, longest and oldest of horse racing's Triple Crown races? When was the PGA Championship held in Atlantic City? Where is the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves held? Where is the National Tennis Center located? What is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments? How many finishers did the New York Marathon have in 2006? What is the name of the annual track and field meet? Where is the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves held? What is a street version of baseball called? What street in the Bronx was renamed Stickball Boulevard? Where was Stickball Boulevard renamed in the late 2000s? What is the largest rapid transit system in the world? How many stations are in operation in the New York City Subway system? What is another name for Grand Central Terminal? How many passengers used the New York City Subway in 2014? What is another name for Grand Central Terminal? How many minutes do New York City residents spend getting to work each day? What percentage of New Yorkers commuted by mass transit in 2005? What percentage of Manhattanites own a car? What percentage of New Yorkers commuted to work using mass transit in 2005? What percentage of commuters drive their own cars? How many minutes do New York City residents spend getting to work each day? What percentage of households in New York City do not have a car? What percentage of Manhattanites own a car? What is the name of the busiest bus station in the world? How many buses does the Port Authority Bus Terminal serve daily? How many commuters use the Port Authority Bus Terminal daily? What is the name of the busiest bus station in the world? What are the three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area? What is the busiest airport in Newark? What is the busiest airport in the New York metropolitan area? In what city is Stewart International Airport located? How many people used the three busiest airports in New York City in 2012? What is the busiest ferry route in the world? How many hours a day does the Staten Island Ferry run? How long is the ferry route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan? What is the name of the busiest ferry route in the world? How many passengers travel on the Staten Island Ferry each day? What is the busiest motor vehicle bridge in the world? What is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas? What is an icon of New York City? In what year did the bridge stop being the longest suspension bridge in the world? What is the busiest motor vehicle bridge in the world? The George Washington Bridge connects Manhattan to what county? What is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas? What is the architectural style of the Brooklyn Bridge towers? In what year did the bridge stop being the longest suspension bridge in the world? What is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world? When did the Holland Tunnel open? When was the Queens-Midtown Tunnel completed? Who was the first person to drive through the city? How many vehicles travel through the Lincoln Tunnel each day? What river does the Lincoln Tunnel run under? What is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and New Jersey by several tunnels? The Holland Tunnel connects Lower Manhattan to what city? Who was the first person to drive through the Great Depression? How many daily cyclists live in New York City? How many daily cyclists live in New York City? What percentage of all modes of travel account for walk and bicycle? Who sponsored the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's bike-share project? Who conducted the research that showed that the majority of New Yorkers support the initiative? Who named New York City the most walkable large city in the US? What watershed supplies New York City with drinking water? What mountains provide drinking water to New York City? How much money is being spent on a water purification plant in the Croton Watershed? How much water will the Croton Watershed plant purify daily? How much of an increase will the Croton Watershed water purification plant make to New York City's water supply? What part of New York City is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant? How many members are on the City Council? How many consecutive terms are allowed? How long are the terms of the Mayor and council? How many members are on the City Council? How many consecutive terms are allowed? What is the official journal of New York City? How many years are the Mayor and council members elected for? What percentage of registered voters in Atlantic City are Democrats? What percentage of registered voters in Atlantic City are Democrats? Who became the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80% of the overall vote in New York City? In what year did Calvin Coolidge win the five boroughs? Who won the five boroughs in 1924? What party holds the majority of public offices? What percentage of registered voters in Atlantic City are Democrats? In what year did Calvin Coolidge win the five boroughs? How many boroughs did Calvin Coolidge win in 1924? What political party has won the five boroughs since 1924? How many licensed physicians were practicing in New York City in 2012? Where is the Cornell University/Technion-Israel Institute of Technology venture located? How many Nobel laureates have roots in New York City? How many emergency room visits does HHC provide each year? How many emergency room visits does HHC provide each year? How many clinic visits does HHC provide to New Yorkers each year? How much of all general hospital discharges are treated at HHC facilities? What percentage of emergency room visits are treated at HHC facilities? What can lower intelligence and increase aggression levels? What epidemic ended? Who said "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather"? Who showcased the book New York, culture capital of the world, 1940-1965? What college in New York City has been described as the cultural capital of the world? What country has a diplomatic consulate in New York? On what side of Manhattan is Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located? On what side of Manhattan is Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located? Where is the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute located? Where is the Tisch School of the Arts located? Where is SummerStage located? What is the name of the section of Fifth Avenue that runs from 82nd to 105th streets? Where is Museum Mile located? When was the Guggenheim constructed on the Mile? When did the Museum for African Art open? On what side of Manhattan is Museum Mile located? What is another name for New Yorkese? What was the name of the 1970s sitcom character played by Carroll O'Connor? Who played Archie Bunker? What is the pronunciation of the city name? Who plays their home games at Yankee Stadium? Where do the New York City FC play their home games? Where is Red Bull Arena located? Who was one of the world's most famous soccer players? What university is James M. Shuart Stadium on the campus of? How many of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City Metropolitan Area? How many rail lines do the combined systems contain? How many stations does the combined system have? What airport does the AirTrain connect to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road? What is the name of the station that converges with Grand Central Terminal? What is the busiest rail station in New York City? How many of the world's rapid transit systems operate on a 24 hour schedule? The PATCO Speedline serves what city? What is the only other system that operates 24 hours a day? What is the name of the train that connects Midtown and Lower Manhattan to northeastern New Jersey? What is the name of the multibillion dollar subway project under construction in New York City? How many yellow taxicabs does New York City have? What is the name of the aerial tramway that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island? Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and Seventh Avenue are metonyms for what industry? Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and Seventh Avenue are metonyms for what industry? Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and Seventh Avenue are metonyms for what industry? Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and Seventh Avenue are all metonyms for what? During what time of day can motorists be stranded in traffic? What part of Connecticut does New York City connect to Westchester County through bridges and tunnels? New York City's expressways and parkways connect New Jersey, Westchester County, Long Island, and what part of Connecticut? Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of what larger island? Queens and Brooklyn are located at what end of Long Island? What borough is located at the west end of Long Island? What type of expressionism are the Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Triborough Bridge and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge examples of? What type of bridge is the Queensboro Bridge? How many hybrid taxis did New York City have in 2010? What percentage of New York City's taxi fleet is hybrid? How much of a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions has de Blasio committed to? What is an example of an energy efficient office building in New York City? What was the name of the Supreme Court case that forced the EPA to regulate greenhouse gases? How many kilometers long is Newtown Creek? How many m3 of spilled oil did the site contain? What was the name of the oil spill that contaminated the Hudson River? What form of government does New York City have? In what year did New York City consolidate? What department of the Supreme Court is located in Brooklyn? What city hosts the Second Department of the Supreme Court? What type of courts are not part of the state Unified Court System? Where is the main courthouse of the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? What district court has a main courthouse in Brooklyn? Where is the main courthouse of the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? What district court has a main courthouse in Brooklyn? Where is the main courthouse of the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? What is the top ZIP code for political contributions in the US? What ZIP code generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry? How many cents does the IRS receive for every $1 it sends in taxes? How much money does New York City send to the state of New York each year? How much more does it send to the federal government than it receives? What was the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. renamed to? In what year was the Sister City Program of the City of New York renamed? When was Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird published? What award did 'A Quiet Place' win? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? When was Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird published? Who are the main characters based on? In what country is 'Tolerance and Prejudice' widely taught? What genre is To Kill a Mockingbird? What are the main themes of To Kill a Mockingbird? In what part of the US did Lee address issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles? Why has To Kill a Mockingbird been removed from classrooms? Who collected impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird? When did British librarians rank the book as one "every adult should read before they die"? In what year was 'The Great Gatsby' made into a film? Since what year has a play based on 'Aladdin' been performed in Monroeville, Alabama? Who directed 'A Star is Born'? What book did the British librarians rank as one "every adult should read before they die"? Who wrote the screenplay for 'The Great Gatsby'? Who directed 'A Star is Born'? Where is a play based on 'Aladdin' performed? When did Lee die? What was Lee's only published book before To Kill a Mockingbird? What was Lee's only published book before To Kill a Mockingbird? When was Go Set a Watchman published? When did Lee die? Who was Harper Lee's close friend? When did Lee move to New York City? What was Lee's job title at the British Overseas Airways Corporation? Where did Harper Lee grow up? When was Harper Lee born? Who was Harper Lee's close friend? What college did Elizabeth attend? What did she study at the University of Alabama? Who bought the manuscript? What was the title of the first draft of 'Go Set a Watchman'? What was Therese von Hohoff Torrey's professional name? What was Tay Hohoff's professional name? What did Lee's mother suffer from? What profession was To Kill a Mockingbird's father? Who died two years after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird? When was the book published? How long did Harper Lee spend on To Kill a Mockingbird? Who chose the book for reprinting in part? What is the seat of Maycomb County? How many years did the Great Depression last? How many summers of friendship did Dill, Scout, and Jem have? Who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer? What is the seat of Maycomb County? What is the name of the depression that took place in Maycomb, Alabama? Who is Scout? Who is Tom Robinson accused of raping? Who does Judge Taylor appoint to defend? What do Scout, Jem, and Dill do to the mob? Who does Atticus not want at Tom Robinson's trial? Where does Dill watch from? Where did Jem, Scout, and Dill watch from? What happened to Tom while he was trying to escape? Who did he attack? What is the name of the Halloween pageant? What is the name of the mysterious man who carries Jem home? Who is humiliated by the events of the trial? What is the name of the mysterious man who carries Jem home? Who discovers that Bob Ewell died during a fight? What did the sheriff say happened to Ewell? What has Harper Lee said To Kill a Mockingbird is not? In what year did Lee's father defend two black men accused of murder? What was Lee's age when her mother died? What was the title of Lee's father's newspaper? Who did Capote live next door to during the summer? In what year did Capote and Lee travel to Kansas to investigate multiple murders? What was the name of Capote's nonfiction book about the Kansas murders? What was the name of Lee's childhood friend? What typewriter did Lee and Capote use? What did Capote call his friends? How old was Lee when he was accused of rape? What race was Walter Lett? Who was murdered for flirting with a white woman? What movement is Emmett Till's death credited with starting? What was the purpose of the Scottsboro case? Who was murdered for flirting with a white woman? What is used to such an extent that Tavernier-Courbin suggests one interpretation for the book's title? Along with parody, satire and irony, what does Lee use to address complex issues? Where is Jem's Sunday school classmate locked in? Who escorts Scout and Jem to her church? What does the ham costume save her from? What saves her life? What type of novel is To Kill a Mockingbird? What type of novel is To Kill a Mockingbird? Who does Scout revere as an authority above all others? What did Jem say to his neighbor after the trial? What separations does he have trouble understanding? In what year did the Montgomery Bus Boycott occur? What did many reviewers consider To Kill a Mockingbird to be primarily concerned with? What was the punishment for transgressions by black males that hinted at sexual contact with white females? How many times is Tom shot? What was the punishment for transgressions by black males that hinted at sexual contact with white females? What race of farmers juried Tom Robinson's trial? How many times is Tom shot? What animal does Atticus have to shoot? What must Atticus do without the help of other white citizens? Who chastises and punishes Scout for embarrassing Walter Cunningham? What is Atticus' sister's name? Who did Scout embarrass? Who is Jane Austen? What did Austen and Lee value over social standing? What was Lee's racial prejudice primarily attributed to? Along with gender, what issue intensifies prejudice? What do the children gain from walking around in someone else's skin? What drug does Atticus think Jem is addicted to? What did Scout do to defend Atticus? The novel has been noted for its poignant exploration of different forms of what? Who wrote the only book-length biography of Harper Lee? Who wrote the only book-length biography of Harper Lee? What is one of the reasons Harper Lee's book remains so popular? Whose song does she listen to? Who are two female characters in 'Atticus and Jem'? Who are two female characters in 'Atticus and Jem'? Who chastises Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole? What is Jean Louise's gender? Who molested his daughter? Who is one of the fathers described as abusers? Who has been exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife? What profession did Charles Lamb say "were children once"? What type of clothes does she refuse to wear? What bird appears throughout the novel? What is Lee's mother's maiden name? What is a key motif of the film? What is a key motif of the film? What is a key motif of the film? What does 'To kill a mockingbird' mean? What was the name of the book that was included in the Book of the Month Club? What was the name of the book that was included in the Book of the Month Club? How many languages had To Kill a Mockingbird been translated into? How many languages has 'The Shining' been translated into? How many copies of 'The Shining' have been sold? How many copies of 'The Shining' have been sold? How many languages has 'The Shining' been translated into? What is the name of the book that Mary McDonagh Murphy compiled from her interviews? Who was Harper's sister? What is the name of the book that Mary McDonagh Murphy compiled from her interviews? What profession did Morris Dees become? What is the name of Atticus Finch's model for the legal profession? In what year did the Alabama State Bar erect a monument to Atticus? What organization erected a monument to Atticus? What was Lee's honorary membership to the Alabama State Bar? When was To Kill a Mockingbird first studied in schools? What was the number 21 most frequently challenged book of 2000-2009? When was To Kill a Mockingbird first studied in schools? What was the number 21 most frequently challenged book of 2000-2009? In what year did a parent protest the use of rape as a plot device? What did the parent think was immoral about the book? Who was Mayella Ewell attracted to? What was the first book to receive the most complaints? What movement was cited as a factor in the success of 'The Hurt Locker'? What book is popularly implicated in starting the Civil War? What book is popularly implicated in starting the Civil War? What was the name of Capote's father? What was the name of Lee's childhood friend? What was Lee's older sister's name? What was the name of Lee's childhood friend? Who was Capote's editor? In what year was To Kill a Mockingbird nominated for a Pulitzer Prize? How many weeks was To Kill a Mockingbird on the bestseller list? In what year did the book win the Paperback of the Year award? When did Lee begin to turn down interviews? What award did 'To Kill a Mockingbird' win? When did Lee begin to turn down interviews? In what year was Lee inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor? How many communities had chosen 'An American In Paris' for variations of the citywide reading program? Who initiated a reading program in Chicago's libraries? Who initiated a reading program in Chicago's libraries? How many communities had chosen 'An American In Paris' for variations of the citywide reading program? What university awarded Lee an honorary doctorate? Who was the President of the United States in 2007? On what date was Harper Lee awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom? What university awarded Lee an honorary doctorate? Who was the President of the United States in 2007? When was 'Atticus Finch' made into a movie? Who starred in 'Atticus Finch'? Who starred in 'Atticus Finch'? What did Lee give to Peck? What is the name of Peck's grandson? What did Lee give to Peck? What is the name of Peck's grandson? When did Lee make an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library? What did Peck's widow call Lee? Who adapted 'A Quiet Place' into a play? When did 'The Literary Capital of Alabama' debut? What town is referred to as "The Literary Capital of Alabama"? Who makes up the cast of the play? How is the audience at the Monroe County Courthouse segregated? Where did Sergel's play first tour? Where did 'Atticus Finch' open in 2013? Who played Atticus Finch? When was Go Set a Watchman released? When was the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird completed? When was 'Go Set a Watchman' released? Who discovered the Watchman manuscript? What was the name of the earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? When was the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird completed? When was 'Go Set a Watchman' released? Along with rape and racial inequality, what serious issue was addressed in 'An American in Paris'? What is the name of the narrator's father? What element of Lee's style was called "tactile brilliance"? What technique does Lee use to play with perspectives? Whose heritage did Harper Lee say To Kill a Mockingbird spell out? Where do the children feel safe and comfortable? What type of regionalism was the book categorized as? What is Scout's definition of fine folks? The South, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive what more than the characters? Who is the chief example of innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout 'A Quiet Place'? Who does Christopher Metress connect the mockingbird to? What did Scout think of Atticus? What type of tragedy does 'An Innocent Man' resemble? What newspaper noted the even-handed approach to the narration of the novel's events? Who called the book melodramatic and contrived? What was Flannery O'Connor's nationality? Who wrote about racism as inevitable? Whose moral convictions are worth fighting for, even at the risk of being reviled? Who criticized Atticus in The Wall Street Journal? Who wrote that justice must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all? Who is viewed as an updated version of the "contented slave" motif? Who found it demoralizing? What is Michael Lind's criticism of the novel? What does McWhorter say every child in the south has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when faced with? What did McWhorter think of Harper Lee's book? What do people quote lines from 'An American in Paris' like? What did local residents call the Mockingbird groupies? What is the source of radiant light and heat in solar energy? What is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies? What is an example of a technology that uses the sun's energy? What is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies? How much incoming solar radiation does the Earth receive? What percentage of the sun's energy is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses? What is the range of kWh/m2 per day? How much incoming solar radiation does the Earth receive? What percentage of the sun's energy is reflected back into space? What is the range of insolation levels in watts per square meter? Along with clouds and oceans, what absorbs most of the energy from the sun? What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans? What is the average temperature of the ocean's surface? What converts solar energy into chemically stored energy? What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans? What causes atmospheric circulation or convection? When the air reaches a high altitude, water vapor condenses into what? What does the latent heat of water condensation do? What converts solar energy into chemically stored energy? How much solar energy is absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses each year? How long did the world use more energy in one hour in 2002? How many EJ does photosynthesis capture per year? How long did the world use more energy in one hour in 2002? What is the total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses? How much energy does photosynthesis capture per year? Along with coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium, what non-renewable resource produces twice as much energy as solar energy? All renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from what? What type of technology is used to capture, convert, and distribute sunlight? How do solar technologies capture, convert, and distribute sunlight? Other than geothermal and tidal energy, what renewable energy does not derive its energy from the sun? What is another word for a direct or indirect way of doing something? What type of techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans? What type of solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties? What type of collectors are used in active solar techniques? What is a passive solar technique that uses materials with favorable thermal properties? What type of solar technologies increase the supply of energy? What type of solar technology reduces the need for alternate resources? Who built a demonstration solar engine in 1897? In what year did Shuman form the Sun Power Company? When did Shuman patent his solar engine? What type of engineer was Frank Shuman? In what year did Frank Shuman build a demonstration solar engine? What is a steam engine? In what year did Shuman form the Sun Power Company? When did Shuman patent his solar engine? Where was the world's first solar thermal power station built? How much water did Shuman's plant pump per minute? When was Shuman's vision resurrected? Where was the world's first solar thermal power station built? What type of troughs did Shuman's plant use? What river did Shuman's plant pump water from? Along with the discovery of cheap oil, what event in the 1930s discouraged the advancement of solar energy? When was Shuman's vision resurrected? What percentage of domestic hot water use can be provided by solar heating systems? What does a solar hot water system use to heat water? What percentage of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems? What is the most common type of solar water heater? What type of collector is used primarily to heat swimming pools? What is the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems? What countries are the leaders in the use of solar hot water systems? What is the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems? What country is the world leader in solar deployment? What percentage of homes in Israel and Cyprus use solar hot water systems? What is the dominant application of solar hot water? What percentage of energy is used in residential buildings? What percentage of energy is used in commercial buildings? What percentage of energy is used in residential buildings? What can be used to offset a portion of this energy? What is any material that can be used to store heat? What is thermal mass? Along with stone and cement, what is a common thermal mass material? How do solar panels keep buildings cool? What type of climate are solar panels used in? What does thermal mass reduce the need for? What type of ventilation system is a solar chimney? What type of ventilation system is a solar chimney? What is a solar chimney composed of? What can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses? What season do bare limbs of a maple tree allow light to pass through? What has been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling? How much of the sun's radiation do bare leafless trees block? Why should deciduous trees not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building? Along with the east, what side of a house can they be used to provide summer shading? When was the box cooker first built? What type of light is required for a convection oven to function properly? Along with drying and cooking, what is a function of a solar cooker? What are the three broad categories of cookers? Who built the first box cooker? What is the typical range of temperatures for a typical summer day? What do these cookers require to function properly? How many parabolic dishes were used in the STEP system? What is the payback period of transpired collectors? Parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors are examples of what type of technology? What does STEP stand for? What is one of the oldest applications of solar energy? What do clotheshorses and clothes racks do? What are unglazed transpired collectors used for? When was the first solar distillation project constructed? What can be used to make saline or brackish water potable? What was the first recorded instance of alchemy? When was the first solar distillation project constructed? How many liters did the plant produce per day? What is another name for greenhouse type stills? What organization recommends this method for safe storage and household water treatment? In what type of weather can exposure times vary from six hours to two days? The World Health Organization recommends it for what two purposes? How many people in developing countries use this method for drinking water? What can algae produce that makes water unusable? How is solar energy used in a water stabilisation pond? What can algae produce that makes water unusable? When is it projected that solar power will become the largest source of electricity in the world? When is it projected that solar power will become the largest source of electricity in the world? Where is the SEGS CSP installation located? What percentage of the world's grid electricity was generated by solar? What is the name of the largest solar power plant in the world? Where is the SEGS CSP installation located? Where is the Charanka Solar Park located? Who constructed the first solar cell? When was the crystalline silicon solar cell created? What has photovoltaics evolved into? What is a solar cell? Who constructed the first solar cell? Who developed a photo cell using silver selenide? Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell? What is heated by concentrated sunlight in a solar system? What does CSP stand for? The concentrated heat is used as a heat source for what? What is another name for a concentrating linear fresnel reflector? What is the working fluid in these systems heated by? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What is one of the common features of passive solar architecture? What kind of temperature range can well-lit spaces stay in? What is a classic example of passive solar design? Pumps, fans and switchable windows are examples of what type of equipment? What does UHI stand for? How many degrees Celsius could urban temperatures be reduced by using a hypothetical "cool communities" program? What does UHI stand for? What materials have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment? What is a simple way to counteract the UHI effect? What did French and English farmers use to maximize the collection of solar energy? What do vinters use the energy generated by solar panels for? What do agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize? What can improve crop yields? What did French and English farmers use to maximize the collection of solar energy? What did the walls act as? When were primitive greenhouses first used? In what century were the first greenhouses built? What do greenhouses convert solar light into? What do greenhouses convert solar light into? Who used the greenhouses to grow cucumbers year-round? Where were the first greenhouses built? What is the name of the biannual solar-powered car race? What was the winner's average speed in 2007? What is the World Solar Challenge? In what year was the Tour de France founded? What was the winner's average speed in 1987? What was the average speed of the winner in 2007? What competition is similar to the North American Solar Challenge? When was the first practical solar boat constructed in England? When was the first practical solar boat constructed in England? Who made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean? What boat made the first solar powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean? What was the altitude of the Solar Riser? What is the name of the electric aircraft that is currently circumnavigating the globe? In what year did the unmanned AstroFlight Sunrise plane make it's first solar flight? When did the Solar Riser make it's first flight? When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel? Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly from in 1990? How long can the aircraft remain airborne? What is a feasible alternative to making carbon-based fuels? What uses solar energy to drive chemical reactions? How can a variety of fuels be produced? What process is under development at the Weizmann Institute? What can be reacted with water to produce hydrogen? What has been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s? Concentrators split water into oxygen and what else at high temperatures? What process uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide? What can thermal mass systems store in the form of? What can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations? What are some examples of readily available materials with high specific heat capacities? What can well designed systems do to reduce overall heating and cooling requirements? Paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are examples of what kind of storage media? What was the name of the house that was the first to use Glauber's salt heating system? Paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are examples of what? In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the average temperature for a typical home? What was the name of the first house to use Glauber's salt heating system? Salts can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with what? How many terajoules did the Solar Two store? What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity? What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity? What gives household systems credit for any electricity they deliver to the grid? When is the meter rolled back? Most standard meters accurately measure in which direction? What is the pump used for when demand is high? When is water pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation reservoir? When water is released, what does the pump become? What caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world? What caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world? What is an example of an incentive program in the US? What is the current name of SERI? What is the name of the Japanese research facility? What is the name of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems? In what decade were these systems replaced by more reliable and cheaper fuels? What is the average growth rate of the solar water heating industry? When did commercial solar water heaters begin to appear in the US? Why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s? What is the average growth rate of the solar water heating industry? What is the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling? Who said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world faces? Who said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world faces? What does ISO 9050 relate to? What does ISO 10217 relate to? What refers to glass in building? What refers to the materials used in solar water heaters? What type of technology is used to capture and distribute solar energy? What type of system uses photovoltaics? Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to what? What was the total world energy consumption in 2012? What is the annual potential of solar energy? What makes solar energy a highly appealing source of electricity? What did the United Nations Development Programme find the annual potential of solar energy to be? How will it increase countries' energy security? What is one of the benefits of using indigenous resources? What should the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment be considered? What will the use of renewable energy help to do? What is one factor that limits the amount of solar energy that humans can acquire? What effect does geography have on solar energy potential? What can follow the position of the sun? What effect does time variation have on the potential of solar energy? What does cloud cover do to the incoming light from the sun? What kind of land can only be used for solar panels? Many people have discovered that they can collect energy from their homes in what way? Along with insolation and cloud cover, what other factor was taken into account in the estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year? What is the range of EJ per year for solar energy? What is solar power? What does CSP stand for? What do CSP systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What does a CSP system do to a large area of sunlight? What converts light into electric current? What has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history? Who first employed advanced solar architecture and urban planning? What direction were Greek and Chinese buildings oriented? What is a solar balloon filled with? What happens to the air inside the balloon when sunlight shines on it? What is the market for solar balloons that are large enough for human flight? What is the surface-area to payload weight ratio? What was the driving force behind the early development of solar technologies? Why did development of solar technologies stagnate in the early 20th century? By what year could photovoltaics provide a third of the world's energy? The energy from the sun could play a key role in imposing costs on what? Along with the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Mongol Empire and the Timurid dynasty, what empire ruled the region? What religion was ruled by Nestorian Christians? What was the name of the city in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When did the civil war end? What religion was ruled by Nestorian Christians? Along with the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Mongol Empire and the Timurid dynasty, what empire ruled the area? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When did the civil war end? In what year did Tajiks begin to be conscripted into the Soviet Army? How many Tajiks fought in World War II? What percentage of Tajikistan's citizens were killed in World War II? Along with education and industry, what aspect of Tajikistan lagged behind other Soviet republics? How were factions distinguished? What percentage of ministerial positions would go to the opposition? Who came into power in 1992? Why did so many residents flee? Who was stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border until 2005? Where are French troops stationed in support of NATO's International Security Assistance Force? Where is Ayni Air Base located? What does the US Army and Marine Corps do when they visit Tajikistan? How many Tajik soldiers were killed in the Rasht Valley? When will Russia send more troops to Tajikistan? When was the military operation in the Rasht Valley concluded? When did 25 militants escape from a Tajik prison? What type of government does Tajikistan have? Who is the Prime Minister of Georgia? What are the names of the two Deputy Prime Ministers? When did Emomalii Rahmon become President of Tajikistan? What party routinely has a vast majority in Parliament? Freedom of the press is officially guaranteed by the government, but what about independent press outlets? What is not tolerated? What type of protest is severely suppressed? According to the Institute for War & Peace Reporting, access is blocked to what websites? What is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area? What is the name of the mountain range that covers Afghanistan? What valley is Dushanbe located above? A small area is east of what longitude? Along with the Kofarnihon, what river forms part of the Amu Darya? What is Tajik most likely the name of? What does Tajikistan mean? What is the Persian word for "place of" or "country"? Who were the original inhabitants of Central Asia? When was it under the control of the Tibetan empire? Who controlled the city in 710? Who restored Persian control of the region? What was the region of Iran known as after the Samanid Empire? When was it under the control of the Tibetan empire? Who controlled the city in 710? When was it under the control of the Tibetan empire? Who restored Persian control of the region? Who controlled the city in 710? Who restored Persian control of the region? What was the region of Iran known as after the Samanid Empire? What was the region of Iran known as after the Samanid Empire? When was it under the control of the Tibetan empire? When did the Umayyads take over? Who conquered Transoxania? What empire ruled Iran from 819 to 999? When did the Russian Empire conquer Central Asia? The Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand controlled what portion of Tajikistan? What was Russia interested in gaining access to? Between 1864 and 1885, Russia took control of the entire territory of what? Who ruled Tajikistan in 1885? Where did the Jadidists establish themselves? Who viewed the Jadidists as a threat? During what years did Russian troops restore order in the Khanate of Kokand? Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand? What were the Central Asian guerrillas known as? Why did the basmachi fight the Bolsheviks? Who prevailed after a four-year war? Along with Islam and Judaism, what religion was repressed by the Soviets? What was created as a part of Uzbekistan in 1924? In what region did cotton production expand the most? What took place between 1927 and 1934? What caused violence against peasants and forced resettlement? Who directed the purges in Tajikistan? How many people were expelled from the Communist Party of Tajikistan? Who dominated party positions at all levels? What was the percentage of Russians in Tajikistan in 1959? What position was held by a Russian? How many seats did the ruling PDPT lose in February 2010? What was the accusation leveled against President Emomalii Rahmon? What did the OSCE say about the 2010 polls? How did the Tajik government respond to the OSCE findings? Where is Tajikistan located? How many people lived in Tajikistan in 2013? What is the area of Tajikistan? What country borders Kazakhstan to the east? What is the name of the narrow corridor that separates Pakistan from Afghanistan? What country borders Kazakhstan to the east? How many people lived in Tajikistan in 2013? How many square kilometers is Tajikistan? What country borders Kazakhstan to the south? What country is to the west of Tajikistan? When was the earliest recorded history of the Tajikistan region? What empire was most of modern Tajikistan a part of? Who conquered the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom? What tribes were part of the Kushan Empire? When did Arabs bring Islam to the region? What empire was a collection of nomadic tribes? Along with Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism, what religion was practiced in the Kushan Empire? What was the average growth rate of Tajikistan's GDP between 2000-2007? What are the primary sources of income in Tajikistan? What percentage of agricultural output does cotton support? What is the biggest aluminum plant in Central Asia? What has the Tajikistan government focused on? What is the potential of Tajikistan's rivers? What is the highest dam in the world? Where will power transit through for the CASA 1000 project? What percentage of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day? What was the amount of remittances from Tajik labour migrants in 2010? What is Tajikistan's main competitive advantage? What has been the economic impact of migration from Tajikistan? What type of poppy is grown in Tajikistan? Along with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities, what international organization has assisted in the fight against drug trafficking? What drug did Tajikistan confiscate in the first half of 2006? What did UNODC help establish in Tajikistan? What means of transportation does Tajikistan use? Along with Iran, what country has Tajikistan signed agreements with to gain port access? Along with Tajikistan and Pakistan, what country signed an agreement in 2009 to improve and build a highway and rail system? When did the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Iran sign an agreement to construct roads and railways? How many airports did Tajikistan have in 2009? What is the name of Tajikistan's main airport? What country does Dushanbe International Airport have regular scheduled flights to? What is the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country? How many people in Tajikistan are under the age of 30? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is under the age of 30? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is between the ages of 14 and 30? What country has a population of 7,349,145? What are all citizens of Tajikistan called? What people are in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province? How are the Pamiri people different from most Tajiks? Where are the Pamir Mountains located? What religion is taught at the Hanafi school? What does Tajikistan's Constitution provide for? What are the two Islamic holidays that the government has declared as state holidays? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is Muslim? What do mainstream Muslim leaders worry minority religious groups undermine? There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in what sphere? What is the name of the militant Islamic party that aims for the overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state? What is the goal of Hizb ut-Tahrir? Along with the State Committee on Religious Affairs, with whom must religious communities register? What does the SCRA require in addition to a charter and a list of 10 or more members? What is required for a religious group to be able to gather publicly for prayer? Failure to register can result in fines and what? What is the main problem with the health care system in Tajikistan? How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan? What percentage of the GDP was spent on health in 2004? What document describes the World Bank's efforts to reduce poverty in Tajikistan? How many years of primary and secondary education does Tajikistan offer? How long is the public education system in Tajikistan? How many faculties does Khujand State University have? What was the tertiary education enrollment rate as of 2008? What is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present? What type of anthropology studies the influence of language in social life? What investigates the influence of language in social life? What branch of anthropology studies the long-term development of the human organism? In what country is archaeology considered a branch of anthropology? When did the Anthropological Society of Vienna form? When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded? When was the American Anthropological Association founded? When was the Anthropological Society of Madrid founded? What did he think Darwin's conclusions lacked? What type of societies and associations were most prevalent in the last three decades of the 19th century? What type of journals did most anthropological societies publish? What organizations did the major theorists belong to? How many countries had some curriculum in anthropology by 1898? How many countries had some curriculum in anthropology by 1898? When did Franz Boas and Bronisaw Malinowski work? Along with gender equality, what did Margaret Mead advocate for? What is one way that social anthropology distinguishes itself from other social sciences? What did Boas argue against? What has cultural anthropology emphasized? Along with the humanities and natural sciences, in what discipline is anthropology a global discipline? What is a global discipline where humanities, social and natural sciences are forced to confront one another? Humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront each other in what discipline? In what two places did early anthropology originate? Along with cognitive science, global studies and ethnic studies, what interdisciplinary field has anthropology helped develop? What theories has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by? When was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions? What questions occupied a central place in cultural and social anthropology? Along with archaeology, what field remained largely positivist? How many subfields of anthropology have lacked cohesion? What draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and social anthropology? Along with cultural anthropology, what branch of anthropology does sociocultural anthropology cover? What helps develop understanding of social structures? Is there a hard-and-fast distinction between categories? What is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them? What is the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values called? What can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research? What is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology? What is the term for conceptual, vs. etic, or technical points of view? What does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate? Along with economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, religion, myth, symbols, values, and etiquette, what is another area of anthropology? What does sociocultural anthropology cover? What is a human universal? What is the object of study in linguistic anthropology? What does sociocultural anthropology cover? What is the study of the human past through its material remains? What do archaeologists look for in the remains? What is the purpose of ethnoarchaeology? What is the purpose of ethnoarchaeology? Artifacts, faunal remains, and altered landscapes are evidence of what? What is another name for linguistic anthropology? What does the branch of anthropology link the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to? What is also called anthropological linguistics? Along with sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics and semiotics, what field does linguistic anthropologists often draw on? What is one of the central problems in the anthropology of art? Do Western categories of art exist in non-Western contexts? What have anthropologists focused on in objects that aren't exclusively artistic? When was Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' published? What does the anthropology of 'art' become? Who used the term "paleontology" to describe the study of man? In what year did Étienne Serres use the term paleontology to describe the natural history of man? When was a chair in anthropology and ethnography created? Where was the chair in anthropology and ethnography created? What was the first to use Ethnology? What type of methods were developed in the 19th century? What did theorists begin to suspect was the cause of similarities between animals, languages and folkways? What were theorists beginning to suspect that similarities between animals, languages and folkways were the result of? What was the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect? What did Darwin compare in agronomy and in the wild? When did Darwin and Wallace reveal the concept of evolution? Where was there an immediate rush to bring it? Where was the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris held? What was the name of the anthropological society that Paul Broca was breaking away from? What is the French term for evolutionism? What is the modern term for a surgeon? What did Broca take an interest in? What part of the human brain is called Broca's area? What field of study did Theodor Waitz specialize in? How many volumes was Die Anthropologie der Naturvölker? What did Waitz call anthropology? What type of person was Avicenna? Along with comparative anatomy and physiology, what field of study does anthropology use to distinguish man from animals? What must the data of comparison be? What is to be brought into the comparison? Who was Waitz influential among? When did Richard Francis Burton and James Hunt form the Anthropological Society of London? What path did the Anthropological Society London follow? What language does the Société française speak? Who was influential among the British ethnologists? What percentage of the world's educational institutions now have anthropology departments? How many subdivisions of Anthropology are there? What type of archaeologist might be called upon to recreate the final scene of a crime? What would a forensic archaeologist do to recreate the final scene of a crime? How many nations are members of the WCAA? Media anthropology is also known as what? What type of studies are used to understand producers, audiences, and other cultural and social aspects of mass media? Radio, the press, and television have started to make their presences felt since when? What type of contexts are followed by following audiences in their everyday responses to media? What is a relatively new area of internet research? What type of media is anthropology concerned with? Performance, museums, art, and the production and reception of mass media are examples of what type of anthropology? What is included in the focus of visual anthropology? What term is sometimes used interchangeably with visual anthropology? What does anthropology attempt to explain? Along with historical, geographic and cultural, what is the scope of economic anthropology? What discipline does economics have a complex relationship with? What was the name of the Polish-British founder of Anthropology? What is another name for reciprocity? What are the traditional concerns of anthropology? Along with history and colonialism, what topic did Political Economy address? What did Sahlins work do to dissipate the image of the hunter-gatherers? What was the largest group of people in the world at the time? Along with post-industrial capitalism, what type of capitalism do Political Economists focus on? What term refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems? What does it produce in specific cultural systems through the provision of data, initiation of direct action, and/or the formulation of policy? What type of action can be initiated by a research-based method? What is the practical side of applied anthropology? What type of activism does applied anthropology include? What type of perspective does anthropology of development tend to view development from? What is a key development goal? Is poverty decreasing or increasing? What is the reason for the gap between plans and outcomes? Why does so much planned development fail? What can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures or to the patterns of social relationships themselves? What discipline has developed a number of related concepts and terms? Over what time has anthropology developed a number of related concepts and terms? What is one's social relations during development? What is another way in which kinship can be considered? What is the fourth field of anthropology? What does feminist anthropology seek to reduce in research findings, anthropological hiring practices, and the scholarly production of knowledge? What have feminist anthropologists claimed their research helps to correct? What are feminist anthropologists concerned with? What is a specialization of feminist anthropology? What concept deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? Along with economic systems and nutritional status, what is a concern of nutritional anthropology? The interplay between culture and biology is connected to historical and economic trends associated with what? What affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development? What type of anthropology deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? What is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interaction of cultural and mental processes? Human development and enculturation within a cultural group shape processes of cognition, emotion, perception, and what else? What is a cultural group's history, language, practices, and conceptual categories? What group has its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories? What does the study of cognition, emotion, motivation, and similar processes inform or constrain? What does anthropology seek to explain? Along with evolutionary biology and experimental psychology, what discipline is used in cognitive anthropology? Along with experimental psychology, what cognitive science is used in cognitive anthropology? What changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them? What is anthropology concerned with? What is the basis of political anthropology? When did political anthropology begin? Along with states, bureaucracies and markets, what did anthropologists begin to study more? Who wrote a comparative work on "Negara"? What was the name of the sub-focus group that anthropology originated as? When did cyborg anthropology start? What is STS? Who is Donna Haraway? What does cyborg anthropology study? What is a sub-specialty of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time? What is the contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology? What is the focus and data interpretation often used for arguments for/against or creation of policy? What is often used for arguments for/against or creation of policy? Who does Melissa Checker have a relationship with? How is ethnohistory studied? What is the study of the history of various ethnic groups? Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as what? Its historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of what? Who recognizes the utility of such source material as maps, music, paintings, photography, folklore, site exploration, archaeological materials, museum collections, enduring customs, language, and place names? What discipline is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism? Who said that traditional anthropologists were notoriously agoraphobic? What type of anthropologist is notoriously agoraphobic? How many principle approaches are there in urban anthropology? What is the other approach to urban anthropology? What is another name for Anthrozoology? What is the study of interaction between living things called? The field of ethology overlaps with a number of what? What is the focus of anthrozoologic research? Along with anthropology, sociology, biology and philosophy, what field of study is represented by the Academy? What is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology? Along with natural and social science, what is evolutionary anthropology based on? Along with the present, what is evolutionary anthropology concerned with? What kind of approach is the study of the human body based on? How many lines of evidence does anthropology draw on? What type of commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation, and torture? What type of mutilation includes circumcision and subincision? What topics attract anthropological attention? What is the root cause of Man's inhumanity to man? What is one way to illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach? What did Boas' contemporaries do in the 1940s? Along with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, what country was part of the "Axis"? In what branch of the military did many of these people serve? What type of service did some work in? What was the reason given for the dismissal of anthropologists? Why do professional anthropological bodies object to the use of anthropology? What type of briefings might anthropologists not be allowed to give? What does ASA stand for? What organization has a Statement of Professional Responsibility? What does the AAA's Statement of Professional Responsibility state that no secret research, no secret reports or debriefings of any kind should be agreed to or given? Who are anthropologists working with in Afghanistan? What is the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan? What does HTS stand for? Where are HTS teams working with the US military? What does CEAUSSIC believe HTS is incompatible with? What are anthropologists interested in both in human variation and the possibility of human universals? What are behaviors, ideas, or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures? What is it called when an anthropologist travels to a community in its own setting? What is fieldwork? Along with participant observation and population genetics, what type of study takes anthropologists into the field? Along with time periods, into what do anthropologists divide the world? What are relevant cultural traditions based on? Along with Mousterian and Levalloisian, what subdivision helps archaeologists understand trends in the human past? Along with anthropologists, what profession shares an interest in mapping cultures? What is a central part of anthropology's science? What do some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of? What is the study of non-European/non-Western societies in terms of? What type of societies do some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of? Who wrote Exploring the City: Inquiries Towards Urban Anthropology? When did anthropologists start looking "across the tracks"? Where have social and cultural anthropologists set ethnographic research since the 1980s? What are anthropologists less likely to limit their research to? What has the focus of research shifted to? What is one setting where research is set? What type of anthropologists set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region? What happened to Joseph I in 1758? Along with the Duke of Aveiro, what family was implicated in the execution? Who was expelled from the country and had their assets confiscated? In what year did Joseph I make his loyal minister Count of Oeiras? Who did Sebastio de Melo prosecute? In what year was he made Marquis of Pombal? When did Joseph I die? What did Pombal's enlightenment enhance? What did the new Count of Oeiras know about the Távora affair? What did Pombal's enlightenment accomplish? Who occupied Portugal? In what year did Brazil gain independence? What was the country's largest colonial possession? What is the name of the pluricontinental state formed by Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves? How long did Portugal's decline last? What country invaded Portugal? When did the King of Portugal return to Lisbon? Where did the Liberal Revolution of 1820 start? When did the situation in Europe cool down enough for Joo VI to return to Lisbon? What family arrived in Brazil? When did railway tracks start to be built to link coastal areas and selected inland regions? When was the Conference of Berlin? What enticed rivalries on the continent? Why did Portugal want to establish borders in Africa? Along with Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, Nacala and Porto Amélia, what coastal town was founded? When was the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal murdered? How many times was Portugal declared bankrupt? Who became the new king of Portugal? When was the revolution? Along with political instability, what was a cause of unrest in the Portuguese First Republic? Who was the leader of the Estado Novo? In what year was the Estado Novo established? How many European countries remained neutral in World War II? Where did mainland Portuguese citizens move to? What organization is Portugal a member of? What type of government does Portugal have? Where does Portugal rank in Social Progress? Along with France, Spain and Italy, what country has a higher social progress than Portugal? What was the first country in the world to decriminalize the use of drugs? What was Pelayos' plan to use the Cantabrian mountains as? Who did Pelayos want to protect the Cantabrian mountains from? What battle did Pelayos win in 722 AD? When was the Battle of Covadonga? What was the war of Christian reconquest known as in Portuguese? Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided into a number of Christian Kingdoms? Who knighted Vimara Peres? In what year did Vimara Peres become the First Count of Portus Cale? What was Vimara Peres knighted as? What is another name for Portucale, Portugale? Which culture did Galician-Portuguese differ from? What was formed when the County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia? What language is Galician-Portuguese? What is another name for the Castilian Language? What language replaced the Astur-Leonese Language? Who was the daughter of Leopold Josef? Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal? Who was Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa? Who was Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa? Who recalled Melo to Portugal? The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist what? How were the effects of an earthquake simulated? How long did it take for Lisbon to be rebuilt? What is one of Lisbon's tourist attractions? How many parishes did de Melo send his inquiry to? What is the official name of Portugal? Where is Portugal located? What ocean borders Portugal to the west and south? How long is the border between Portugal and Spain? Along with the Azores, what archipelago is part of the republic? What is the official name of Portugal? Where is Portugal located? What country borders Albania to the north and east? What ocean borders Portugal to the west and south? What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union? Which two groups were followed by the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples? What peoples were followed by the Celts and the Romans? When did Portugal establish itself as a kingdom independent from León? What era did Portugal pioneer? When did Portugal establish the first global empire? What city was destroyed in a 1755 earthquake? In what year did Portugal gain independence from Brazil? In what year did the Portuguese First Republic begin? What colony was handed over to China in 1999? How many million people speak Portuguese today? What name does Portugal derive from? Who settled the region? Along with Lusitanians, Celtici and Gallaeci, what people originated in the area? When did Lusitania become part of Gallaecia? What is the old Germanic word for church of the Alan people? When did Lusitania gain the status of Roman province? What was the name of the northern province of Lusitania? Along with Conmbriga, what is a notable Roman urban site in Portugal? What are castros? How far is Conmbriga from Coimbra? How long did it take for the Umayyads to defeat the Visigoths? When did the land that is now Portugal become part of the Umayyad Caliphate's empire? When did the Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus collapse? Who established the Emirate of Córdoba? How long did it take for the Emirate to become the Caliphate of Córdoba? What were the governors of the taifas called? Who did the governors of the taifas establish diplomatic relations with? What was the name of the Taifa of Badajoz? In what year did the Almoravids conquer Taifa? What was the name of the battle that ended the Taifa period? What were the native Iberian converts to Islam called? Where were the Arab noblemen from? Where were the Berbers originally from? Where did the Moors live in Portugal? How many words are in the Portuguese language of Arabic origin? What was the title of Garca's reign? Where did Ordoo reign? What was the capital of Fruela? When did Alfonso die? When was the Kingdom of Castile formed? In what years did Portugal suffer from the Black Death? What is the longest-standing alliance in the world? What is the longest-standing alliance in the world? What alliance is regarded by many as the predecessor to? In what region is there a visible English influence to this day? What was the name of the age of discovery? Who was the father of Prince Henry the Navigator? What archipelagos did Portugal discover? Where did Portugal discover an eastern route to India? What country did Portugal discover during its exploration of the Indian Ocean? What did the King's confidence in de Melo do? What was Sebastio de Melo made? What country's economic success impressed Castro? Who was made Prime Minister in 1755? Who was made Prime Minister in 1755? What were Sebastio de Melo's greatest reforms? What was the purpose of demarcating the region for production of Port? Who despised him as a social upstart? Who is Sebastio de Melo? What classes of society did he impose strict law upon? When did the Carnation Revolution occur? Where was the Carnation Revolution? What was a characteristic of this period? What did the Junta de Salvaço Nacional do until 1976? What party won the election? Who became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government? When did Soares serve as Prime Minister again? Along with socialism, what economic model was in place in Hungary? When was the Portuguese Constitution approved? Why was the Portuguese Constitution rewritten? What type of climate does Portugal have in the North, Central and Alentejo? What is the annual average temperature in mainland Portugal? What is the average temperature in the mountainous interior north of Portugal? How high are the mountains that separate the Algarve from the Alentejo? What type of climate do the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have? Why are weather predictions difficult in the Azores and Madeira? What type of climate has the Azores been identified as having? What type of forests can be found in Gerês? When does the subtropical laurissilva forest date back to? What type of trees are colonizing abandoned areas? What animal was recently found roaming at night inside large urban areas? How many natural parks does Portugal have? What type of rainforest is Laurisilva? What animal was spotted near Rio Minho? What is Portugal an important stopover for? How many freshwater fish species are there in Portugal? Where is the giant European catfish located? Why are some of these species endangered? What type of plankton is visible in some beaches? How long is the term of the President? Who is the current President? How many deputies make up the Assembly of the Republic? How long is the term of a deputy in the Assembly of the Republic? How many members are on the Constitutional Court? Along with the Socialist Party, what party dominates the Assembly of the Republic? What levels of government does Portugal have? What party garners between 5 and 15% of the vote regularly? How much of the vote does the People's Party get? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? How long is a term of office? How is the President of Portugal elected? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? What is the name of the body that acts as the cabinet of Portugal? What is the purpose of presenting a programme to the Assembly? The failure of the Assembly to reject the government programme by what percentage confirms the cabinet in office? What law continues to be a major influence for the former colonies and territories? Where does the Public Security Police work? What type of police force is the PJ? What is the name of Portugal's highly specialized criminal investigation police? When did Portugal decriminalize possession of drugs? How long is a person allowed to possess marijuana for personal use? What are people caught with small amounts of any drug given the choice of doing? How much did the number of HIV infection cases drop by 2009? How many municipalities does Portugal have? How many civil parishes are there in Portugal? How many districts does continental Portugal consist of? How many branches does the US armed forces have? What are the three branches of the US armed forces? What is the main function of the Afghan security forces? How many of the 39,200 employees were women? What percentage of Portugal's GDP was spent on defense in 2009? How many brigades does the Army have? What is the infantry brigade mainly equipped with? Along with Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC, what does the mechanized brigade have? Along with paratroopers, commandos and rangers, what is included in the Rapid Reaction Brigade? How many marines are in the US Navy? What war did Portugal engage in in the 20th century? Between what years was the Portuguese Colonial War? What countries have the Portuguese Armed Forces participated in peacekeeping missions in? What country did the Portuguese Armed Forces intervene in in 1992? Who was the head of the Portuguese government after the bailout? What was Pedro Passos Coelho trying to improve? What other measures did Pedro Passos Coelho take to try to improve the state's finances? What was the average wage cut for public servants in 2012? When was the Carnation Revolution? What type of partnerships did the governments encourage? What newspaper published a report in 2011? When was the financial crisis? What are the names of the two Portuguese banks? Along with bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud, what was a cause of losses at the two Portuguese banks? Why was the case of BPN so serious? What were the causes of the losses at BPN and BPP? What replaced the Portuguese Escudo? What currency did the euro replace? What is the name of Portugal's central bank? Along with Porto, where are most industries located in Portugal? According to World Travel Awards, Portugal is Europe's Leading Destination for what sport in 2012 and 2013? When did the Carnation Revolution occur? What period followed the Carnation Revolution? What is Portugal's new economic development model focused on? What industry is Portugal the world's leading producer of? What is the world's leading cork producer? Along with the European Commission and European Central Bank, who bailed out Portugal in the second decade of the 21st century? When was the bailout agreed to? How much money did Portugal get in exchange for austerity measures? When did Guinea-Bissau exit the bailout? What was the unemployment rate in the first quarter of 2014? What is agriculture in Portugal based on? What are some companies backed by Grupo RAR? What type of edible mushroom is produced in Guinea-Bissau? Along with poultry and beef, what product is produced in Guinea-Bissau? What is the world's oldest active canned fish producer? What is the oldest active canned fish producer in the world? What sector does Portugal have a strong tradition in? What metal is Portugal ranked among Europe's leading producers of? Along with tin, tungsten and uranium, what metal is produced in Nigeria? What has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors? Where are the iron and coal reserves mainly located? What caused a decrease in the extraction of iron and coal? What are two automotive companies in Belgium? What companies are in the aerospace industry? Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa plant located? Along with Alverca, Covilh, Évora and Ponte de Sor, what city is a center of the Portuguese aerospace industry? Along with Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro, where are the major biotechnology and information technology industries located? What is forecast to increase significantly in the future for Portugal? What type of destinations continue to develop? What has been necessary for the country to focus upon to stay ahead of its competitors? Along with health, nature, and rural tourism, what is a niche attraction of Namibia? What newspaper described Portugal as "a new sick man in Europe?" How much did the number of unemployed citizens increase from 2002 to 2007? What was the unemployment rate in December 2009? What was the new rating given to Portugal by Standard & Poor's? When did Moody's downgrade Portugal's credit rating? What did the Prime Minister announce on national television? How many times had the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? What was the first time Portugal sought aid from the IMF? Why did Moody's downgrade nine Portuguese banks? What was the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government in 2005? What was the European Union average number of public employees per thousand inhabitants? What was Portugal's justice system internationally known for? What country had a slower justice system than Portugal? How many judges does Portugal have per 100,000 people? Who announced a significant government plan for the public sector? How many jobs were cut as a result of the plan? What did Coelho say was necessary if Portugal wanted to avoid another bailout? Along with the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund, who else is Portugal hoping to avoid a bailout? What was the new retirement age announced by Coelho? What did Coelho cut? What language was abolished in Basic Education? What have these policies led to? When did Portugal's unemployment rate begin to decrease? What was Portugal's unemployment rate in 2013? What was the unemployment rate in the second quarter of 2008? In what year did Portugal's unemployment rate exceed 10%? Along with Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and Porto, what is a tourist hotspot in Portugal? How many religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year? Who appeared to three shepherd children? What is an example of a new tourist destination that the Portuguese government is trying to promote? What city is a tourist hotspot in Portugal? What did Portugal's rapid economic growth lead to? What did the country build after joining the European Economic Community? How many miles of road does the country have? When was the first motorway opened? How many international airports service continental Portugal? How many international airports are in Portugal? Along with Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja, what is the largest city in continental Portugal? What makes Lisbon a stopover for many foreign airlines? What is the primary flag carrier of Portugal? What country does Portugal's railway system extend into? What organization runs Portugal's national railway system? How many kilometers of railway lines are electrified? How many of the railway lines are electrified? How many of the railway lines are electrified? What is the name of the largest metro area in Portugal? How many kilometers of lines does the Porto Metro system have? What company supplies Lisbon's tram service? How long has the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa supplied Lisbon tram services? What does INETI stand for? What does INETI stand for? What does MCTES stand for? What is one of the largest non-state run research institutions in Portugal? What is the Champalimaud Foundation? What does the Champalimaud Foundation award? In what year was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded? What is the largest aquarium in Europe? What does the state agency Ciência Viva promote? What is the name of the science museum at the University of Coimbra? What helped create thousands of scientific, technological, and knowledge-based businesses? What is the name of the Tecnopolo located in Funchal? Along with marketing and technological support, what services do companies in the Portuguese science parks receive? What are the two most cost-effective renewable sources? Where is the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located? Where did the Aguçadoura Wave Farm open? How much of the country's electrical production was derived from hydroelectric dams? What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company? What does REN use computer programs to calculate? What type of power plant did Portugal use to generate electricity? What type of turbines pump water uphill at night? What did the government set for those who bought rooftop-generated solar electricity? What was the population of Portugal in 2011? How much of Portugal's population is male? How much of Portugal's population is male? What is the name of the single religion in Morocco? What are former Muslims known as? What type of people did the Portuguese originate from? How long ago did the Portuguese arrive in Europe? What type of people did the Portuguese originate from? What has long been a cornerstone of Portugal's national identity? What ocean does Portugal look out into? Along with Mozambique, what territory did China give up in 1975? How many Brazilians have Portuguese ancestry? How many people lived in Portugal in 2007? What percentage of the Portuguese population is Roman Catholic? Along with Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist communities, what religion does Bhutan have? What percentage of the population declared themselves to be non-religious? What percentage of the population did not give an answer about their religion? What is the origin of many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions? In what centuries did the church enjoy both riches and power? What did the growth of liberal and republican movements lead to? When was the First Portuguese Republic? When was the Battle of Ourique? Who did Jesus tell Afonso that God wanted to act through? What did God want to do through Afonso? What is the official language of Portugal? What type of language is Portuguese? Where did Portuguese originate? What was the common language of Galician and Portuguese people until independence? What language did the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians use? What language did the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians speak? Between what years did Portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire? On how many continents is Portuguese spoken as a native language? What country has the largest number of native Portuguese speakers? What is the total adult literacy rate? What is the percentage of primary school enrollment in Portugal? What percentage of college-age citizens (20 years old) attend one of the country's higher education institutions? What percentage of college-age citizens in the United States attend a university? How long have Portuguese universities existed? In what city was the oldest Portuguese university established? Where did the oldest Portuguese university move to? What is the oldest engineering school in the Americas? What is the oldest medical college in Asia? When was the Bologna process adopted by Portuguese universities and polytechnical institutes? What is the source of most student costs? How old must an applicant be to be considered for admission to a university? What is the Ministry of Health responsible for? How many regional health administrations are in charge of implementing national health policy objectives? What are the five regional health administrations responsible for? What type of diseases do most Portuguese die from? What is the single biggest killer in Portugal? What is the single biggest killer in Portugal? How much less often do Portuguese die from cancer than the Eur-A? What age group of women are more likely to be diagnosed with cancer in Portugal? Self-reporting at what level can complement other data on health status and use of services? What percentage of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal? When did Portugal modernize its public cultural facilities? When was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established? Where was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established? What is the name of a cultural center in Porto? How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Portugal have? What is another name for Manueline? What is the Manueline? What is Soft Portuguese style? What Portuguese architect won a Pritzker Prize? What is Tomás Taveira known for? When did Portuguese cinema begin? Who is a notable Portuguese film director? Who are some notable Portuguese film actors? When did Portuguese cinema begin? Who is a notable Portuguese film director? Who are some notable Portuguese film actors? What type of person was Luis de Cames? What is the name of the epic poem written by Luis de Cames? Which of Virgil's works influenced the Lusiads? Along with neoclassic, what type of style is modern Portuguese poetry rooted in? What modern Portuguese author is represented by Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen? What do the Portuguese call dry cod? What is a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish? What type of fish can be used to make caldeirada? What types of meat can be used to make cozido à portuguesa? What is rice and chickens meat stewed in? What type of sandwich is prego? Where did the Portuguese art of pastry originate? Along with almonds, flour and eggs, what is a common ingredient used in Portuguese monasteries? What is another name for pastéis de Belém? When did the Romans associate Portugal with their god Bacchus? What god did the Romans associate Portugal with? What is a sweet Portuguese wine? Which two ports are particularly appreciated in a wide range of places around the world? What is the name of the music festival in Zambujeira do Mar? What type of festival is Flowfest? How often does the Boom Festival take place? What year did the Boom Festival win the Greener Festival Award Outstanding? In what year did Portugal host the MTV Europe Music Awards? What are the names of the pianists from Portugal? What instrument does Gerardo Ribeiro play? Who was Luis de Freitas Branco's student? What composers have achieved international success writing original music for film and television? What century saw the arrival of Modernism? Who was Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso heavily influenced by? Along with Canço Popular a Russa and o Fgaro, what is one of his best-known works? Along with Vieira da Silva, Helena Almeida and Julio Sarmento, who is a notable Brazilian painter? What is the most popular sport in Portugal? Who is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history? Who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or in 2013? What award did Luis Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo win for 2013 and 2014? What is one of the most renowned Portuguese football managers? What are the three largest sports clubs in Portugal? What does "os três grandes" mean? How many European UEFA club competitions have Real Madrid won? Along with basketball, handball and roller hockey, what is a popular sport in Portugal? What does FPF stand for? When was Kanye Omari West born? What is Kanye Omari West's profession? What is Kanye West's real name? When was Kanye Omari West born? What record label did Kanye West work for? Along with Jay-Z, for whom did West produce hit singles? What was the title of Drake's Graduation album? What artist did West produce hit singles for? Where was Kanye West raised? What was West known for at Roc-A-Fella Records? When did Kanye West release his debut album? What was the title of Drake's Graduation album? How many albums has Kanye West sold? How many digital downloads has Kanye West sold? How many Grammy Awards has he won? How many albums has Kanye West sold? 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Along with lossless audio, what does the service specialize in? Who acquired the parent company of Tidal? What is an example of a streaming service that has been criticized for low royalties? What was the name of Kanye West's foundation? What is the mission of the Kanye West Foundation? What was the name of Kanye West's foundation? When did the West and the Foundation partner with Strong American Schools? What city did Kanye West and his mother found the Kanye West Foundation in? What type of education does the Kanye West Foundation provide? What was the name of the campaign that partnered with Strong American Schools? When was the benefit concert held? What was the new name of the foundation? When did the foundation cease operations? When was the Dr. Donda West Foundation renamed? What was the new name of the foundation? When was the Dr. Donda West Foundation renamed? What was the name of the rally West participated in? What was the name of the benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina? Who did West accuse of not caring about black people? Who did West accuse of not caring about black people? When was the benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina? Who was unaware of the cut? Who did West say didn't care about black people? What did Bush call the comment? Who did West interview for the Today show? What country did West perform at the wedding of Nazarbayev's grandson? How much was Kanye West reportedly paid? Which country has one of the poorest human rights records in the world? What country did West perform at the wedding of Nazarbayev's grandson? What state implemented stop and search laws? Why did Sting cancel performances in Burma? What was the name of Jimmy Kimmel's show? What did West want from Kimmel? Who did West launch a tirade on Twitter directed at? Who did West say he was the biggest rock star on the planet? What radio station did West interview Zane Lowe for? Who did West believe had problems pushing policies in Washington? What people don't have the same level of connections as Black people? When did West say he thought Obama was having problems pushing policies? When did West back off of his original comment? Who did West claim to have insulted in a tweet? Who did West claim to have insulted in a tweet? Who won Best New Artist at the American Music Awards of 2004? What was Kanye West's song that didn't win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards? Who won Best New Artist at the American Music Awards of 2004? What was Kanye West's song that didn't win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards? When did West apologize for his outburst? What was the name of the show on which he spoof the incident? What did West claim was a factor in his being overlooked for opening the VMAs? What was the name of Drake's song that he said he wanted to open the VMAs with? What did West claim was a factor in his being overlooked for opening the VMAs? What was the name of Drake's song that he said he wanted to open the VMAs with? Who accepted the award for Best Female Video at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards? Who called West a jackass? Who called Kanye West a jackass? Who did West say he didn't diss? What is the name of the song West released in 2016? When did West write a series of apologetic tweets to Swift? On what date did he attempt to downgrade the perception of disrespect caused by the 2009 awards show? What was the name of Kanye West's 2016 album? Who was accepting Album of the Year? Who did West say he should have given the award to? Who was accepting Album of the Year? When did Trump apologize to Beck on Twitter? What award did Kanye West win at the MTV Video Music Awards? In what year did Trump announce that he would run for president? What award did Kanye West win at the MTV Video Music Awards? What is the name of the largest petition to the festival? What was the name of the event that Kanye West was the headlining artist of? What is the name of a group that has tried to block Kanye West from participating in events? What is the name of the largest petition to the festival? How many signatures were collected for Kanye West's removal from the closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan American Games? Who did West begin a relationship with in 2002? What was the name of the model that Kanye West dated from 2008 to 2010? Who did Kanye West start dating in 2012? What year did West and Phifer become engaged? When did West and Phifer begin a relationship? When did West and Phifer become engaged? What was the name of the model that Kanye West dated from 2008 to 2010? When did West begin dating Kim Kardashian? Where was North baptized? How old was she when she died? Who refused to perform West's surgery? What time did West's mother arrive at the hospital? What type of disease did West die of? Who refused to perform West's surgery? What was the name of the third doctor who performed the procedures? What show did he appear on? What was Donda West's cause of death? Who filed complaints with the Medical Board against Adams and Aboolian? What did West's family believe was violated by Adams and Aboolian? What show did he appear on? When was the final coroner's report released? Where was Donda West's funeral and burial held? What song did he cover for his mother? Where was Donda West's funeral and burial held? When was Donda West's funeral? When did Kanye West play his first concert after his death? What tour did Prince dedicate a performance of "Hey Mama" to his mother? In what country did West speak about his mother's death for the first time? In what country did West speak about his mother's death for the first time? Who signed the "Donda West Law"? Who signed the "Donda West Law"? What law made it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery? Who sued Kanye West for trademark infringement? When did Knievel die? Who sued Kanye West for trademark infringement? What persona does Kanyevel take on in the video? When did Knievel die? What type of vandalism did West and Crowley commit? How much was West's bail bond? How many counts of misdemeanor vandalism was West charged with? When was Don Crowley arrested? What type of vandalism did West and Crowley commit? Who was West's bodyguard? How much was West's bail bond? In what city is the famous Tup Tup Palace nightclub located? When was West arrested? What is the name of the hotel West was arrested at? What is the name of the famous nightclub in Newcastle upon Tyne? Who asked West why people were not allowed to speak in his presence? What were the charges reduced to? Who asked West why people were not allowed to speak in his presence? What day was July 19? How many anger management sessions was West required to attend? How much did I have to pay you? What did West refer to himself as during a concert? What was the name of Kanye West's album? What did West refer to himself as during a concert? Who is one of the most critically acclaimed artists of the 21st century? Who did The Guardian compare Kanye West to? Who said that Kanye West was a frequent lightning rod for controversy? Who called Drake the greatest hip hop artist of all time? Who compared Kanye West to David Bowie? What did Young Thug criticize in hip hop? What type of rap was hip-hop known for in the noughties? What class is Kanye West from? Curtis and West's Graduation paved the way for new rappers who did not follow what mold? Who was the editor of XXL magazine? What was Musk's job title? Who is Elon Musk? How many songs by Kanye West have sold over 3 million digital copies? How many digital songs has Drake sold in the US? How many songs by Kanye West have sold over 3 million digital copies? What is the name of Drake's sixth solo album? How many digital copies did West's Gold Digger sell? Where did Kanye West rank in digital sales over the past decade? How many digital songs has Drake sold in the US? How many Grammy Awards has Kanye West won? Who does West tie with for having topped the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll the most amount of times? How many times has Kanye West been included in the Time 100 annual lists of the most influential people in the world? How many Grammy Awards has Kanye West won? How many producers were on the "Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers" list? When was Kanye West crowned the Hottest MC in the Game by MTV? What was Kanye West's award? Who does West tie with for having topped the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll the most amount of times? How many of Kanye West's albums were included in the 2012 Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums of All Time? How many of Kanye West's albums were included in the 2012 Rolling Stone 500 Greatest Albums of All Time? What was ranked as the world's best album of the decade "so far"? Where was Yeezus ranked on Pitchfork's 100 album list? Who ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade "so far"? What band was ranked in the eighth position of 100 albums? What is the name of the song featuring Pusha T? Who did Trump say "doesn't care about black people?" Who did Trump interrupt at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards? Along with clothing, what has Kanye West collaborated with Louis Vuitton and A.P.C.? What is the name of the company that he founded? When did the Yeezy Season collaboration with Adidas begin? What type of religion is Buddhism? Whose teachings are the basis of Buddhism? What country is present-day Nepal? What do Buddhists believe is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination? Along with ignorance, what did Buddha hope to help people eliminate? What type of religion is Buddhism? Who is commonly known as "the awakened one"? When did the Buddha live and teach in Nepal? What country is present-day Nepal? Who is commonly known as "the awakened one"? What country was the Buddha believed to have lived in? When did the Buddha live and teach? Who is commonly known as "the awakened one"? Between what centuries BCE did the Buddha live? What subcontinent did the Buddha live in? Who is commonly known as "the awakened one"? What is another name for The School of the Elders? What is the name of the body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? Along with Sri Lanka, in what region is Theravada practiced? Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai are all traditions of what? How many Buddhists are there in the world? What is another name for Theravada? What is the name of the body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is the name of the body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? Who are the teachings of Vajrayana attributed to? What does Theravada mean? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? What is another name for the Noble Eightfold Path? What is the purpose of the bodhisattva path? What does Tibetan Buddhism aspire to? What is another name for the Noble Eightfold Path? What is another name for the Noble Eightfold Path? What religion aspires to Buddhahood? What is another name for the Noble Eightfold Path? What is a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening? What is the cycle of Theravada Buddhism? The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha are also known as what? What is cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment? How many meritorious deeds are there? What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds? What type of deity does Buddhism deny? What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds? What is the name of the tradition of invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas? What is the source of the Nidnakath? What are some examples of Buddhist biographies? Most accept that he lived, taught and founded what? When was the Nidnakath written? What is an example of a Buddhist biographies? Who is the Nidnakatha attributed to? Who is the Nidnakatha attributed to? What type of order did he found? In what century did Buddhaghoda live? Who said that the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, awakening and liberation, teaching, and death? According to Michael Carrithers, what must be true of the traditional account of life? Who wrote a biography of the Buddha? Who did Siddhatta Gotama exist? Who preserved the memory of Jesus' life and teachings as well as they could? Who said that the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, awakening and liberation, teaching, and death? Who did Karen Armstrong write a biography about? Who did Siddhatta Gotama exist? When was Siddhirtha Gautama born? Where was Siddhirtha Gautama born? What type of republic was it? Where was Siddhirtha Gautama born? When was Siddhirtha Gautama born? What type of republic was it? What suggests that Siddhirtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery of the northeastern Indian subcontinent? What type of government was it? Who was born in a community that was on the periphery of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE? What position was held by the oligarch? Who was the astrologer that visited Suddhodana? What would Siddhartha do if he saw life outside of the palace walls? How did Asita determine if Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world? What profession did Asita have? Who was the father of Gautama? What did Asita say Siddhartha would become? Who was the astrologer that visited Suddhodana? Who was the father of Gautama? What is another name for a holy man? What did uddhodana prevent his son from doing? How old was Gautama when he left the palace? What did he learn about the suffering of ordinary people? Who was at peace with the world? What did uddhodana want his son to become? How old was Gautama when he left the palace? What are the encounters known as in Buddhist literature? What type of life did Gautama abandon? What did uddhodana want his son to become? How old was Gautama when he left the palace? How many sights did he have? What type of man did the monk encounter? Who did Gautama study with? What do Buddhists call the Middle Way? Along with breath-holding and fasting, what was Gautama exposed to? What did Buddha devote himself to? What was a religious pursuit common among the ramaas? What did he accept from a village girl? What do Buddhists call the Middle Way? Why did he continue his quest? What did he accept from a village girl? What type of meditation did Buddha practice? What do Buddhists call the Middle Way? How old was Buddha when he sat in meditation? What was the name of the tree under which Buddha sat in meditation? What did the Buddha spend the rest of his life teaching? How old was Buddha when he died? What is the name of the south branch of the fig tree? What was the name of the tree under which Buddha sat in meditation? What is the name of the Ficus religiosa tree? How old was Buddha when he died? What is the name of the Ficus religiosa tree? What was the name of the tree under which Buddha sat in meditation? Where was the Bodhi Tree located? What is the name of the south branch of the fig tree? What is samsara? What does avidya mean? Along with suffering, anxiety, and dissatisfaction, what is dukkha? What is possible by following the Buddhist path? What arises out of avidya? How many realms of existence are there? What does avidya mean? How is liberation from samsara possible? What is samsara? How many realms of existence are there? What is the physical realm of samsara? What is the root cause of Samsara? How is liberation from samsara possible? What does Karma mean in Sanskrit? What is the cycle of suffering and rebirth called in Buddhism? What is the avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions called? What is the meaning of the word phala? What does Karma mean in Sanskrit? What is the avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions called? What is another word for mental intent? What is another name for phala? What is the cycle of suffering and rebirth called in Buddhism? What is the avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions called? What does vipka mean? In what type of Buddhism can there be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma? What sutras are considered to expunge negative karma? What form of Buddhism uses the recitation of mantras to cut off negative karma? Who has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? In what type of Buddhism can there be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma? Who has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What type of Buddhism is the Lotus Sutra a part of? What can the recitation or hearing of certain sutras expunge great swathes of? Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? Who has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What refers to a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What rejects the concepts of a permanent self? What are the laws of cause and effect? How many possible forms of sentient life does rebirth refer to? What are the laws of cause and effect? What refers to a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What doctrine do Buddhists refer to themselves as believers of? What is karma? What does the doctrine of anatt reject? What are skilled Buddhist practitioners known as? What is the highest object of meditation? How many planes of existence are there? What is another name for the uddhvsa Worlds? What are non-returners? What are the rpyadhtu? What is the highest object of meditation? How many planes of existence are there? What are non-returners? What is the highest object of meditation? What are the rpyadhtu? Along with East Asian, what type of Buddhism believes in an intermediate state between life and death? What position rejects the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between life and death? What book seems to support the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between life and death? What is the Tibetan word for "intermediate state?" What position rejects the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between life and death? What text in the Pali Canon seems to support the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between life and death? Along with Tibetan Buddhism, what religion believes that there is an intermediate state between life and death? Along with East Asian, what type of Buddhism believes in an intermediate state between life and death? What position rejects the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between life and death? What does the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon seem to lend support to? What is regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? How can dukkha be overcome? What is regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? What is another word for dukkha? What is regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism? Along with suffering, anxiety, and unsatisfactoriness, what is referred to as dukkha? What does the first truth explain? What are some common translations of Dukkha? What word is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", etc.? What is another translation of Dukkha? What is another word for "unsatisfactoriness"? How many aspects does Dukkha have? What is another word for "unsatisfactoriness?" What word is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", etc.? How many aspects does Dukkha have? What is the second truth about dukkha? What is the origin of dukkha? What is the third noble truth? What does the fourth noble truth identify? What can be known about the origin of dukkha? What is the origin of dukkha? What is the cause of dukkha? What can be known about the origin of dukkha? What is the cause of dukkha? What is the root cause of dukkha? What can be known about the origin of dukkha? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to? What is another name for Right Understanding? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to? What is another name for Right Action? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? How many interconnected factors make up the Noble Eightfold Path? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to? Who describes the path as "a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other?" What are the dimensions of one's behaviour understood as? Along with mental and spoken, what is another dimension of one's behaviour? Who describes the path as "a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other?" What did Gautama combine with his yoga practice? What did Gautama's new kind of human lack? What are the "Four Immeasurable Minds" also known as? What is another name for loving-kindness meditation? What do the Four Immeasurables aim to cultivate? Who was Gautama's yoga teacher? Without what did Gautama create a new kind of human? What does Thich Nhat Hanh call the "Four Immeasurable Minds" of love, compassion, joy and equanimity? What does Pema Chödrön call the "four limitless ones"? What is mett? When did Gautama Buddha attain enlightenment? What was discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment? When did Gautama Buddha attain enlightenment? What are two examples of Buddhist philosophies? What do some schools of Buddhism view as an essential practice? Who has produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts? What do some schools of Buddhism discourage? What is the goal of the Buddhist path? What is the term for the cycle of incessant rebirths? What is the Buddhist term for liberation? What is the Buddhist term for liberation? What is the term for the cycle of incessant rebirths? How many marks of existence did the Buddha recommend? What is the Buddhist notion of impermanence? According to the doctrine of impermanence, life embodies flux in what? Why is attachment to things futile? What is dependent on external conditions? Along with ceasing to be, what happens to things? What is another name for the cycle of rebirth? What does attachment to impermanent things lead to? Along with suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, stress, misery and frustration, what word roughly corresponds to a number of English terms? What is the philosophical meaning of the term "suffering"? What does Buddhism seek to be? In what religion is suffering a central concept? What is the philosophical meaning of the term "suffering"? What is the philosophical meaning of the term "suffering"? What is suffering called in Pali? What is the third mark of existence? What is anatta meant for? What did the Buddha refuse to answer when asked if the self was identical with the body? Skandhas of a person or object do not comprise what? What is the third mark of existence? What is meant as an approach for gaining release from suffering? What did the Buddha reject as ontological views that bind one to suffering? What is the term for the constantly changing physical and mental constituents of a person or object? What is the Tibetan Wylie name for prattyasamutpda? What are some English translations of the word dependent origination? What religion is pratyasamutpada a part of? What is the best-known application of prattyasamutpda? What is sasra? How many Nidnas are in the scheme of prattyasamutpda? What does nidna mean? What describes a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? What describes a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? How can a sentient being free themselves from suffering? What is the first Nidna? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? Who suffers throughout sasra? What is it called when a sentient being is freed from suffering? What is the name of the state in which a sentient being is freed from suffering? What is the first Nidna? What concept did Nagarjuna introduce? What does nyat mean? What does Nagarjuna mean by empty? What is the literal meaning of svabhava? What was criticized by Ngrjuna? Who reformulated the Sarvastivada teachings? What is the Yogacara doctrine known as? Who reformulated the Sarvastivada teachings? What is tathgatagarbha? What is Prajpramit? What school of Tibetan Buddhism believes in tathgatagarbha? What is the name of the school of Jonang? What is another name for Buddha-nature? What does Nirvana mean in Sanskrit? What is the term for anyone who has achieved nirvana? What is the term for anyone who has achieved nirvana? What is the term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants? What was bodhi synonymous to in Early Buddhism? What is another name for greed? What is another name for hate? What does moha mean? Who achieves nirvana and full liberation from delusion? What is a bodhi? According to Mahayana Buddhism, what has the arahant attained? What does parinirvana refer to? According to Buddhist traditions, what is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons desire, aversion and ignorance? What has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life? What do unawakened people experience in life? How many Buddhas are in the Mahayana tradition? Who is believed to be the next Buddha? What type of Buddhas does the Mahayana tradition have? How can a person awaken from "sleep ignorance"? What are people who awaken from ignorance called? What is the same as nirvana? What is the extinction of only hatred and greed with some residue of delusion called? Who is viewed as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being? Who is viewed as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being? What is the name of the Buddhist text that describes the Buddha as an earthly projection of an endless, omnipresent being? Where is the Buddha believed to be living? Who is permitted to offer "new truths" based on the Buddha's input? What does Mahayana believe about existence? Who vows to continue being reborn until all beings can be enlightened? What form of Buddhism is characterized by trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha? What form of Buddhism is characterized by trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha? Who is the salvific "other-power" of Pure Land? Who was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? What is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha? Who was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? Who was the first to achieve enlightenment in the Buddha era? What type of Buddhists believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes? What is the name of the commentary that says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element and not at all in others? What does Buddhism hold has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path? What does Bodhisattva mean? What is the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood? What type of text is the Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra? What type of text is the Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra? What type of text is the Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra? What type of Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas? What vow does a bodhisattva take? Along with dhya, vrya, dhyna and praj, what is a perfection? Who often cites Shantideva's saying as his favorite verse? What is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists? What are some devotional practices? What type of absorption does Buddhism include? Whose early sermons are the most ancient expression of yogic ideas? What is the name of the early texts that teach yoga? What must be combined with meditative absorption? Who practiced meditation before the Buddha? What is to be developed at all times in Buddhism? What was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold? What type of techniques did the Buddha share with other traditions? What did the Buddha believe ethics were causally related to? What type of texts are the earliest to describe meditation techniques? What type of texts are the earliest to describe meditation techniques? How many Upanishads contain descriptions of yoga as a means of liberation? What does Wynne argue originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition? What type of tradition does the Nasadiya Sukta contain evidence for? What Upanishad contains evidence for a contemplative tradition? What is the first step in most Buddhist schools? Where is the practice of taking refuge mentioned? What religion adds a fourth refuge? What is the essence of the Three Jewels? What is the quality of excellence of the Three Jewels? Who presented himself as a model? What provides guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana? What is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha? What is the Sanskrit word for "virtuous behavior"? What is the second practice? According to the Law of Karma, what acts as causes that would bring about peaceful and happy effects? What is the foundation of Samdhi/Bhvana? According to the Law of Karma, what acts as causes that would bring about peaceful and happy effects? What does la refer to? How many precepts are in basic morality? What is a precept of asceticism? What do laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice? What refines consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely? Where is rebirth likely even if there is no further Buddhist practice? What is the third precept about? What is the third precept in the eight precepts called? How many precepts are there? Which precept is divided into two? What are the basic precepts for monastics? What are scriptures on Vinaya called? How many rules are in the Patimokkha? What is another name for scriptures on Vinaya? What does the Buddha always remind his hearers about the monastic rules? What are the rules designed to assure? What are the rules designed for? What does the Buddha instruct monks to live as? What text is not to be confused with the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra? What is frowned upon in the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra? What country allows clergy to marry? What is another name for Chán? How many jhnas did some lay practitioners become proficient in? What does samyaksamdhi mean? What is the meaning of samyakdhi? Along with defilement, calmness, tranquility and luminousness, what state does the mind experience upon development of samsadhi? What is the Sanskrit word for concentration? What is the term for insight into the ultimate nature of reality? What does vipassana mean? What does Samatha meditation start from? What is the name of the state of total concentration and tranquility? What can samatha meditation do? What can vipassana meditation reveal about the mind? What is the Buddhist term for insight knowledge? What can lead to nirva? What does prana Pli pa lead to? What is the cause of human existence and suffering identified as in Theravda Buddhism? What does craving carry with it? What do afflictions of the mind create? What are the Four Noble Truths? How many Noble Truths are there? What is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about? What is the Sanskrit word for wisdom? What is another term for dharma talks? At what point of practice could one attain Nirvana? What is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's teaching? What is the Korean name for Zen Buddhism? What form of Buddhism became popular in China, Korea, and Japan? What form of Buddhism became popular in China, Korea, and Japan? What does Zen place less emphasis on than other forms of Buddhism? How many main schools of Zen Buddhism are there? What is another name for Rinzai? What is often full of paradox? What is equated with the Buddha himself? What must not be allowed to confine and bind one? What is Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism based upon? What is another name for Vajrayana? What is another name for Vajrayana? Along with physical techniques, what kind of techniques does the Sutra include? When was the second half of the first millennium BCE? Where did the ideas of samsara, karma, and moksha originate? What were the ascetic groups known as? What strand of Indian thought was distinct from Indo-Aryan Brahmanism? What was the name of the Buddhist group that spread from Sravasti to Rajagrha? What is the capital of Kosala? When did the eastward spread of Brahmanism into Greater Magadha become significant? Where are the Upanishads? Who was an atomist? Who stressed that the soul must be freed from matter? Who stressed that the soul must be freed from matter? What was a particular criticism of the Buddha? What Vedic hymn did he mock? What did Brahmins introduce to the Veda of the rishis? What did the Buddha refuse to pay respect to? What is a matter of dispute regarding the reliability of these sources? What is a core problem in the study of early Buddhism? What is attained after mastering the four noble truths? What is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya? What did the Buddha first seek? What was incidental to the main perspective of early Buddhist soteriology? What did Bronkhorst agree was a Buddhist invention? What did Norman say was the Buddha's way to release? From what jhana did the Buddha gain bodhi? What does the mentioning of the four truths as constituting "liberating insight?" introduce a logical problem? What is not depicted as being liberating? What is the Sanskrit term for Nibbna? What is another term for Nibbna? What is the Sanskrit term for Nibbna? What was the name of the Buddhist path? 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How long after the Second Council does the Mahasanghika tradition place it? Whose vinaya shows them as on the same, winning side? What did the losing party form? What did the Mahishikas believe the Sthaviras were trying to expand? What gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravda school? Where did monks following different schools of thought live at first? Along with doctrinal disagreements, what caused schisms in the monasteries? What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas called? What do Abhidharma texts contain instead of philosophical treatises? What century are these texts dated to? What school did not have an Abhidhamma Pitaka? Prajpramit stras are among the earliest what? In what region of South India did the Prajpramit stras develop? What genre were the earliest versions of the Mahyna stras? When were the texts concerning Akobhya Buddha written down? What is the name of the country in which the Prajpramit developed? In what century did Buddhist sites in the Ka Valley date back to? In what part of India did the Early Mahayana scriptures originate? What did Mahyana refer to as a separate school or sect? What is another name for Vinaya? What type of monasteries did Mahyana and non-Mahyana monks often live in? What language did early translations of Mahyna texts come from? Who was the first translator of Mahyna stras into Chinese? What is the name of the Prajpramit series? When was Akobhya Buddha probably composed? Along with Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha and Buddhist Logic, what was the most recent type of thought? What is the most recent type of thought in Late Mahayana Buddhism? Along with Madhyamaka, Tathagatagarbha and Buddhist Logic, what type of thought developed during Late Mahayana Buddhism? Who was a public supporter of Buddhism? What are Buddhist religious memorials called? What are stpas? Where were emissaries sent to spread Buddhism? Who were the emissaries accompanied by? What religion was spread by Aoka's emissaries? What civilizations were influenced by Buddhism? What Greek king has been immortalized in the Buddhist canon? When did the Theravada school spread to Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Burma? When did the Theravada school spread to Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Burma? When were the first translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China? When did the Mahayana Sutras spread to China? Along with Korea, where did the Mahayana Sutras spread to in the 2nd century CE? When did Esoteric Buddhism begin? What religion are China and India funding? What is the Dharma? What is the Sangha? What is Buddhism seen as in the West? What leads to new forms of Buddhism that significantly depart from traditional beliefs and practices? When did a number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerge? What is another name for the Dalit Buddhist movement? What is the name of the Nichiren Buddhism movement? What does Soka Gakkai mean? What is the largest lay Buddhist movement in the world? What is the abbreviation for Soka Gakkai International? What religion is practiced by an estimated 488 million people? What country has the largest population of Buddhists? How many people in China are Buddhist? How many adherents does Theravada have? How many adherents does Theravada have? How many additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia? How many Buddhists were in Asia in 1910? How many adherents of Buddhism were in Asia in 2010? How many of the 487 million adherents of Buddhism were in Asia in 2010? What does Hinayana mean? What term is rooted in the Mahayana viewpoint and can be considered derogatory? What do not all traditions of Buddhism treat as central? What is an example of a Buddhist ecumenical organization? What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school? From what early Buddhist school does the name Theravda come? What did Sinhalese Buddhist reformers portray as the original version of scripture? Where does it have a growing presence? Who believes that personal effort is required to realize rebirth? What can laypersons produce when they perform good actions? What university is located in north-eastern India? What do the Mahayana schools recognize? Who did the Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra become for Mahayanists? What sutras lay the foundations for attaining Buddhahood? What is another name for Mahayana Buddhism? What is another name for Vajrayana? What is the most widely practiced school of Eastern Buddhism? Along with Buddhism, what type of philosophy was supported by royal courts? Who was taught the mantras in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras? What work prescribes acting as a Saiva guru and initiating members into Saiva Siddhanta scriptures and mandalas? What religion has a wide variety of scriptures? What do some schools venerate certain texts as? What does Buddhism not have that is universally referred to by all traditions? What do Tibetan Buddhists recognize? What does Mahyana consider the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka to be? What has been seen by some as presenting barriers to a wider understanding of Buddhist philosophy? What was championed as a unifying scripture in Sri Lanka? What can a single Buddhist text encompass? What was created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks? What was the main focus of Goddard's collection of Buddhist scriptures? What was the name of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar's book? What is the name of the Pitaka that refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka? The Pli Tipitaka refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and what else? What is another name for the Vinaya Pitaka? What is another name for the Vinaya Pitaka? The Pli Tipitaka refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and what else? What is the only early Tipitaka to survive intact in its original language? How many pitakas did some early schools of Buddhism have? Who presided over the first Buddhist council? What was the goal of the council? Who recited the vinaya? Who was called upon to recite the dhamma? What did nanda have to recite? What is much of the material in the Canon not specifically? Who may have added texts to the Canon for some time? What is a broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha? What is a broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha? What was criticized by Nagarjuna? What sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines? What is the literal translation of Mahyna? What path are the Mahayana sutras reserved for? What tradition states that Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret or from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas? What tradition states that Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret or from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas? According to what tradition were the Mahayana sutras transmitted in secret? How many Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit, Chinese, or Tibetan translations? What religion recognizes sutras of Chinese origin? When did the Mahayana sutras start to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India? What label was given to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras? Which school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon? Where did the Theravada school establish itself? What is the name of the branch of Buddhism that established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts? What term was used to refer to whomever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion? What term was used by Mahynists? What provides many opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects? What has allowed Buddhism to peacefully coexist with various differing beliefs, customs and institutions? Moral and spiritual parallels have been studied with what other system of thought? What other system of thought has had moral and spiritual parallels with Judaism? What type of thought has the Buddhist concept of dependent origination been compared to? What type of religion is there a difference of opinion on? What type of religion is there a difference of opinion on? Who created American Idol? Who produced American Idol? When did American Idol begin airing? What was Pop Idol based on? Where did American Idol begin airing? Who produced American Idol? What was Pop Idol based on? Who created American Idol? Who produced American Idol? When did American Idol begin airing? What was Pop Idol based on? Who was the original judge? Who was the first host of 'Saturday Night Live'? Who was on the judging panel for this season? Who was the original host of The Daily Show? 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When did Fox announce that American Idol would end its fifteenth season? On what date did Fox announce that American Idol would end its fifteenth season? How many years in a row has ABC been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings? When did Fox announce that American Idol would end its fifteenth season? What New Zealand television singing competition inspired American Idol? Who created Pop Idol? In what year did The Late Late Show with David Letterman debut? Who was a big success with the viewing public? What was Nigel Lythgoe's job? What New Zealand television singing competition inspired American Idol? What was Nigel Lythgoe's job? What was already used in shows such as the Eurovision Song Contest? In what year did The Late Late Show with David Letterman debut? What country did Nigel Lythgoe help bring 'The Crown' to Britain? How many consecutive seasons did 'Saturday Night Live' remain the most-watched show in the U.S.? When did American Idol: The Search for a Superstar debut? When did Fuller, Cowell, and Simon Jones try to sell Pop Idol to the US? Who was Rupert Murdoch's daughter? Who was the head of Fox's parent company? What was the new name of American Idol? How many seasons did The Apprentice continue with three judges? How many judges were originally planned for American Idol? What was Angie Martinez's profession? Who was originally chosen to be a judge? How many judges were originally planned for American Idol? What was the name of the judge who dropped out of the show? What was Angie Martinez's profession? How many seasons did The Apprentice continue with three judges? What was Kara DioGuardi's career? Who replaced Paula Abdul on The View? How many seasons did she stay on 'Saturday Night Live'? When did Simon Cowell announce he was leaving The X-Factor? What American version of The X-Factor was Simon Cowell planning on bringing to the US? What was Kara DioGuardi's career? What season did Paula Abdul leave Friends? 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In what seasons were contestants asked to write original lyrics or melody? Where was a further round added in season ten and eleven? What was the name of the round where the judges had to choose five guys and five girls each night to make the top twenty? In what season did the Las Vegas round become a Sudden Death round? How many text messages were sent by the end of season eight? By what season had the total votes increased to nearly 750 million? Who counts and verifies the votes? In what stage of the competition is the fate of the contestants decided by public vote? How many votes were cast in the first season of The Simpsons? By season ten, how many votes had been cast? How many groups were there in season one of American Idol? What was the name of the round in which contestants who failed to qualify were given a second chance? How many groups were there in season one of American Idol? How many groups were there in seasons two and three? 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How long did the finals last in season one? What network broadcasts the finals? Who was brought in as a mentor for the season? In what season did the finals last eight weeks? How many songs are sung each week for the top four or five contestants? In what season did the judges have the ability to overturn a viewer's decision? How many times can "The save" be used? What is one of the three usually sent to? In what season was the first ever Idol Gives Back episode? In what season was the "Fan Save" introduced? What is the name of the social media site that viewers can use to vote during the finals? What was introduced in the fourteenth season? What is the name of the social media site that viewers can use to vote during the finals? What is the name of the first group of contestants to move on to the next season of Survivor? What theater holds over 7,000 people? What is the capacity of the Dolby Theatre? What is the name of the two-hour last episode of the season? 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Who led the American Idol band from season four to season nine? Who led the American Idol band from season ten? What season of Survivor allowed contestants to perform with a musical instrument? What network broadcast American Idol? When did American Idol debut? Who co-hosted the show with Ryan Seacrest? When did American Idol debut? What network broadcast American Idol? Who co-hosted the show with Ryan Seacrest? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? How many contestants attended the auditions? Who was the first openly gay contestant? Who was eliminated at the top four? When was Christina Christian eliminated from the show? How many contestants were selected in the audition rounds? How many went on to the finals? Who was disqualified for lying to evade the show's age limit? Where was Tamyra Gray eliminated? Who was eliminated while she was in the hospital? When did Clarkson win? Who was one of the early favorites? When did Clarkson win the Emmy? Who was one of the early favorites? Who won the final showdown? When did Clarkson win? What was the name of the single that broke the Beatles record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? What was the name of the musical film Clarkson and Guarini made? How many albums has Clarkson sold worldwide? What was the name of the single that broke the Beatles record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? What song did Clarkson perform during the finale of 'Saturday Night Live'? What was the name of the single that broke the Beatles record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? Who held the record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? What was the name of the musical film Clarkson and Guarini made? How many albums has Clarkson sold worldwide? When was the second season of 'Saturday Night Live' aired? Who was a correspondent for this season? When was the second season of 'Saturday Night Live' released? Who was a correspondent for this season? Who allegedly had an affair with Corey Clark? What was Frenchie Davis disqualified for? Who allegedly had an affair with Paula Abdul while on the show? Which semi-finalist was disqualified for an arrest on an assault charge? Who allegedly had an affair with Paula Abdul while on the show? What was Frenchie Davis disqualified for? Which semi-finalist was disqualified for an arrest on an assault charge? Who came out on top of Clay Aiken? How many votes did Studdard get against Aiken? Who did Studdard beat? How many votes ahead of Aiken did Studdard get? Who led the fan voting? Who came out on top of Clay Aiken? Who did Studdard beat? How many votes ahead of Aiken did Studdard get? How many votes did Studdard get against Aiken? Who did Studdard beat? What was the name of Studdard's coronation song? Who was a fourth place finisher? What was the name of Aiken's single release from the show? What was the name of Studdard's coronation song? What was the name of Aiken's single release from the show? Who out-performed Studdard's coronation song? Who was a fourth place finisher? What year did season three of 'Empire' premiere? Who sang an off-key rendition of Ricky Martin's She Bangs? Who sang an off-key rendition of Ricky Martin's She Bangs? When did season three of 'Game of Thrones' premiere? Who sang an off-key rendition of Ricky Martin's She Bangs? Who sang an off-key rendition of Ricky Martin's She Bangs? What was the nickname given to Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson? Along with Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London and Jennifer Hudson, who was one of the Three Divas? Who was one of the mentors that season? Who received a death threat? What was the nickname given to Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson? Along with Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London and Jennifer Hudson, who was one of the Three Divas? Who was one of the mentors that season? Who received a death threat? Who was the other finalist? What was Fantasia's coronation single? What was DeGarmo's coronation single? What was the name of Barrino's Top 8 performance? Who considered the performance of "Summertime" by Barrino to be his favorite on American Idol? Who was crowned the winner? What was the name of Barrino's Top 8 performance of "Summertime"? What was Fantasia's coronation single? Who replaced Mario Vazquez? Who replaced Mario Vazquez? What company produced 'Vazquez'? Who was one of the original 12 finalists? During what week was there a mix-up with the contestants' phone numbers? What was the result of the top 11 week postponed to? In what year did Carrie Underwood win the Grammy? How many Grammy Awards has Carrie Underwood won? What was the name of the song released by Underwood and Bice? Who won the Grammy? When was Carrie Underwood announced the winner? Who won the Grammy? What was the name of the song released by Underwood and Bice? How many albums has Carrie Underwood sold in the U.S.? What was the name of the season that began on January 17, 2006? Who were the Brittenum twins disqualified for? What was the name of the season that began on January 17, 2006? When did season five of The Walking Dead begin? Who were the Brittenum twins disqualified for? Who is Chris Daughtry? Who is Chris Daughtry? Who is Chris Daughtry? Who is Chris Daughtry? What position was Chris Daughtry offered by Fuel? Who is Chris Daughtry? What version of "Walk the Line" did Blake perform? What did some judges not credit to Live? Who was named American Idol? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was McPhee's first single? When was Taylor Hicks named American Idol? Who was named American Idol? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was McPhee's first single? Who became the most successful recording artist from the season? Who was the lead singer of the band Daughtry? Who became the most successful recording artist from the season? Who was the lead singer of the band Daughtry? When did season six of The Walking Dead begin? How many viewers did 'Avengers' get in the first half hour? When did season six of The Walking Dead begin? How many viewers did 'Avengers' get in the first half hour? What was Sanjaya Malakar's age? Who encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? Who encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? When was Sanjaya voted off? What was Sanjaya Malakar's age? What was Sanjaya Malakar's age? What was Sanjaya Malakar's unusual hairdo? Who encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? Who encouraged fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar? When was Sanjaya voted off? What was the name of the telethon? How much money did the Idol Gives Back telethon raise? Who was eliminated in the final three? What was the name of the telethon? What two contestants were eliminated the next week? Who was eliminated in the final three? Who won the season finale of American Idol? Who was the runner-up in the season finale? 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Which season's winner failed to achieve platinum album status in the U.S.? When did season nine of 'The Walking Dead' premiere? Who replaced Paula Abdul as a judge? When did Ellen DeGeneres replace Paula Abdul as a judge on Late Night with Stephen Colbert? When did season nine of Game of Thrones premiere? Who did Ellen DeGeneres replace as a judge? Who replaced Paula Abdul as a judge? When did Ellen DeGeneres replace Paula Abdul as a judge on Late Night with Stephen Colbert? Who fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? Who was the show's producer? What was the cause of Crystal Bowersox's illness? Who fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? What was Crystal Bowersox's performance night? What was rearranged so that the boys performed first? Who was the show's producer? Who was Ken Warwick? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? How many votes did Michael Lynche get? Who was the first Idol alumnus to be a mentor? How much money did Idol Gives Back raise? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? Who was the first Idol alumnus to be a mentor? Who did a special tribute to on The Tonight Show? Who was honored in the finale of The Tonight Show? Who did a special tribute to on The Tonight Show? Who made an appearance on 'Saturday Night Live'? Who was the other contestant? What U2 song did DeWyze choose as his coronation song? On what date was DeWyze declared the winner? Who was the other contestant? What U2 song did DeWyze choose as his coronation song? What Patty Griffin song did Bowersox choose as his coronation song? When did season ten of 'The Walking Dead' premiere? What was the name of the season that premiered on January 19, 2011? Who was the new partner of American Idol? What did Simon Cowell do after leaving The X-Factor? Who returned as executive producer of The X-Factor? When did the tenth season of 'Saturday Night Live' premiere? Who returned as executive producer of The X-Factor? Along with Jennifer Lopez, who joined Randy Jackson as judges on The X-Factor? Who was the new partner of American Idol? What was the first season to include online auditions? What is an example of an online audition platform? What is an example of an online audition platform? What was the first season to include online auditions? What is an example of an online audition platform? Who cared for his brain-damaged fiancée? What round was Medina cut from? Who was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show? Who was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show? Who cared for his brain-damaged fiancée? What round was Medina cut from? Who was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show? How many times was Casey Abrams hospitalized? Who was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? Who was criticized for being on Idol? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? Who was criticized for being on Idol? What was Lauren Alaina's career? Who were the two finalists in 2011? What was the name of McCreery's first single? What was Alaina's coronation song? What was the name of Studdard's debut album? When did McCreery win American Idol? Who were the two finalists in 2011? Who released Soulful? When did season 11 of 'The Walking Dead' premiere? How many finalist were added to the Top 24? Who was the 25th finalist? When did Season 11 of Game of Thrones premiere? Who was the 25th finalist? When was Jones disqualified for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants? What was Jones disqualified for? Who suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital? What was the cause of Phillip Phillips' kidney blockage? How many surgeries did Billy Idol have? Who suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital? Who suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital? What was Phillip Phillips suffering from when he was taken to the hospital? Who received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week? Who received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week? Who was the only contestant to go home? What was the first season where a save recipient reached the finale? What was Jessica Sanchez's gender? Who received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week? Who was the only contestant to go home? Who was the season three runner-up? How many seasons was Ace Young a finalist? Who was season three's runner-up? Who won the race? What season did Ace Young propose marriage to Diana DeGarmo? Who was season three's runner-up? What was Phillips' coronation song? What was Sanchez's coronation song? What was Phillips' coronation song? What was Sanchez's coronation song? What was Phillips' coronation song? When did season 12 of 'Game of Thrones' premiere? Who left the show after two seasons? Who leaked the video of the feud between Minaj and Carey? When did Season 12 of Game of Thrones premiere? How many judges were on the panel for this season? How many females were in the top 10? Who was the last male to be eliminated? How many females were in the top 10? How many females were in the top 10? Who was the last male to be eliminated? How many contestants were given an extra week to perform? Who won the season title? Who finished runner-up to Candice Glover? What single did Glover release? What single did Harrison release after the show? Who won the season title? Who finished runner-up to Candice Glover? What single did Glover release? What single did Harrison release after the show? What was the first season in which the runner-up was not signed by a music label? Who announced that he would no longer serve as a judge? How many seasons as judges did Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj leave the show? Who announced that he would no longer serve as a judge? Who left the show to focus on their careers? When did the thirteenth season of American Idol premiere? Who was the thirteenth season's host? What role did Urban take on? Who did Louis J. Horvitz replace as a director of the audition episodes? When did the thirteenth season of American Idol premiere? Who moved from the judging panel to the role of in-mentor? Along with Harry Connick Jr., who was Urban's mentor? Who was Urban's mentor? Who replaced Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick as executive producers? Who received the fewest votes? What was the 500th episode of The Simpsons called? What were the contestants allowed to perform in the final rounds? Who received the fewest votes? In what place did Sam Woolf place? What was the 500th episode of The Simpsons called? Who was named the winner of the season? Who was the runner up? What was Johnson's coronation single? What was Irene's coronation single? Who was named the winner of the season? Who was the runner up? What was Johnson's coronation single? What was Irene's coronation single? What year did The Walking Dead's 14th season premiere? Who returned for his fourth, third, and second seasons as a judge? Who filled in for Keith Urban during the New York City auditions? What roles did Keith Urban, Jennifer Lopez and Harry Connick Jr. play? Who did not return as the in-house mentor for this season? When did The Walking Dead's 14th season premiere? Who filled in for Keith Urban during the New York City auditions? How many episodes will be aired in the final ten episodes of the season? What company ended its sponsorship of the Super Bowl? What company maintained a reduced role as a sponsor of the Super Bowl? Who did the winner of the season get a recording contract with? How many episodes will be aired in the final ten episodes of the season? What company ended its sponsorship of the Super Bowl? What company maintained a reduced role as a sponsor of the Super Bowl? Who did the winner of the season get a recording contract with? Who won the season? Who did Nick Fradiani defeat? Who released the single "Forcefield"? What was the name of Fradiani's coronation single? What was the name of Jax's single? Who won the season? Who did Nick Fradiani defeat? What was the name of Fradiani's coronation single? What was Beckham's coronation single? Who released the single "Forcefield"? In what year did Fox announce that American Idol would end? What is the final season of American Idol? When did Fox announce that American Idol would be ending it's run? Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez return as what? Who is returning as host for his third, fourth, and fifth seasons as a judge? When was American Idol's final season announced? Who is returning as host for his third, fourth, and fifth seasons as a judge? How many seasons of The Voice contestants have appeared in the finals? When did American Idol begin? What region of the United States has ten of the 14 Idol winners come from? Where are Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry from? Where are Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry from? How many of the 14 Idol winners have come from the Southern United States? Who is a notable finalist from North Carolina? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants through January 2010? How much more likely were households in Kentucky to watch American Idol in 2009? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants through January 2010? What percentage of Idol contestants had ties to the American South? Who is the winner of season five of American Idol? What state is Taylor Hicks from? Where do many people get their start in public singing? Where do many people get their start in public singing? What state is Taylor Hicks from? What do Idol pundits call the "WGWG" factor? Who was named the winner of American Idol? What book did Richard Rushfield write about American Idol? How many consecutive seasons was the title given to a white male who plays the guitar? What is the term for a white male who plays the guitar? What do Idol pundits call the "WGWG" factor? Who is the author of American Idol: The Untold Story? Who was named the winner of American Idol? What was the name of the company that the contestants had to sign a contract with to have control over their career? Who beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? Who did Ruben Studdard beat in a close vote? When did Vote for the Worst close? How many more text votes than in season 7? Who beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? In what season was there a massive increase in text votes? What has been expressed from the very first season? When did Vote for the Girls start? When did Vote for the Worst close? When did Idol Gives Back begin? How much money has this event raised? When did Idol Gives Back begin? In what season did Idol Gives Back begin? When did American Idol premiere? What was Fox's best 8.30 pm viewer figure in over a year? What was the average audience for 'Saturday Night Live'? In what season did American Idol become a summer hit? When did American Idol premiere? What was Fox's best 8.30 pm viewer figure in over a year? What was the average audience for 'Saturday Night Live'? How many viewers watched the season premiere? How many viewers did 'Saturday Night Live' attract? Who won over Clay Aiken on American Idol? By what season had American Idol become the most watched series among all viewers on American TV for the first time? What is the highest rated season of 'Saturday Night Live'? How many viewers watched the season premiere? How many viewers did 'Saturday Night Live' attract? How many seasons did American Idol run? What was the highest rated episode of American Idol? What was the highest rated episode of American Idol? What was the show dubbed? What network broadcast The Cosby Show? What was the highest rated episode of American Idol? What was the show dubbed? What happened to the viewership of 'Saturday Night Live' during the course of the season? What was the first season in which the average results were rated higher than the competition stages? How long did the show lose viewers? What was the name of the strike that took place in 2007-2008? How long did the show lose viewers? Who was eliminated from 'Saturday Night Live'? How long did the show lose viewers? What network was the most watched TV network in the country for the first time since it's inception? What was the name of the strike that took place in 2007-2008? What network broadcast the finale of American Idol? What network broadcasts All in the Family? What year did NBC's coverage of the Winter Olympics beat Idol? What year did NBC's coverage of the Winter Olympics beat Idol? How many viewers did NBC's coverage of the Winter Olympics get over Idol's 18.4 million? How long was Idol's streak of perfect ratings? What was the median age of the show's first season? What was the median age of the show's first season? What was the median age of the show's first season? What was the median age of the show's first season? How many years did Fox have the longest period of 18/49 demographic victory in Nielsen ratings? What show did American Idol come in second to in the 18/49 demo? For how many years did American Idol lose the lead in total viewers and the 18/49 demo? What was the average viewers for the season? What was the average number of viewers for the season? When did American Idol first enter the Nielsen ratings? How many fewer viewers did the season finale have than the previous season? What was the average viewers for the season? What was the show's major sponsor in season 14? What was the average number of viewers that watched the season 14 finale? When was American Idol's fifteenth season announced? When was American Idol's fifteenth season announced? What was the average number of viewers that watched the season 14 finale? In what decade did American Idol become the most watched non-scripted primetime television series? How many years in a row did 'Saturday Night Live' stay the number one U.S. TV network among adults 18-49? What network became the number one U.S. TV network among adults 18-49 in 2012? What network became the number one U.S. TV network among adults 18-49 in 2012? Who created 'Fox and Friends'? Dancing with the Stars and So You Think You Can Dance are examples of what type of show? What is the name of an imitating singing competition show? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? What is one of the most successful shows on U.S. television history? How many number ones did American Idol have on the Billboard charts? Who is the president of Mediabase? Who led the field with over four million spins? How many number ones did American Idol have on the Billboard charts? Who is the author of books on the Billboard charts? How many winners had more than a million radio spins by 2010? How many million spins did Kelly Clarkson get? How many singles and digital track downloads did American Idol alumni have as of 2013? How many singles and digital track downloads have American Idol alumni sold? How many singles and digital track downloads did American Idol alumni have as of 2013? How many singles and digital track downloads have American Idol alumni sold? Which Idol coach recommended Jennifer Hudson for a role in Dreamgirls? Who was Jennifer Hudson's vocal coach? Where have many of American Idol's alumni gone on to have successful careers? Which Idol coach recommended Jennifer Hudson for a role in Dreamgirls? What was Jennifer Hudson's movie role? Who recommended Jennifer Hudson for an Idol role? Who said that American Idol was dust-mote inconsequential as a show? What was the decision to send the season one winner to sing at the Lincoln Memorial? Who said "As TV, American Idol is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential"? Who said that American Idol was dust-mote inconsequential as a show? Who said that American Idol is a conniving multimedia monster? On what anniversary was the national anthem performed? What magazine did Michael Slezak work for? Who did Ramin Setoodeh accuse of being cruel? Who disparaged the contestants on American Idol? Who accused Simon Cowell of dragging the rest of us in the mud with him? What did Sheryl Crow feel that 'Saturday Night Live' promoted? Who suggested that Idol has reshaped the American songbook? Who did Ramin Setoodeh accuse of being cruel? Who disparaged the contestants on American Idol? Who turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol? In what year did Faith Hill win Best Female Artist in Country Music? Who commented on Carrie Underwood's 2006 win for Best Female Artist in Country Music? Who was a mentor on American Idol? Who did LeAnn Rimes think did not deserve the Best Female Artist in Country Music Award? Who won Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006? Who commented on Carrie Underwood's 2006 win for Best Female Artist in Country Music? Who turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol? What type of music format is impacted the most by country music? What genre of music is particularly impacted by show success? What year did 'American Idol' win a Primetime Emmy? Who directed 'American Idol'? How many Emmys did 'American Idol' win in 2011? What is the name of the Idol Gives Back edition? How many years was American Idol nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program? What award did 'American Idol' win in 2007? How much money was the show estimated to generate in 2004? What is the estimated total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American television? What is the name of the American Idol theme park attraction? How much money was the show estimated to generate in 2004? What theme park company partnered with American Idol to create The American Idol Experience? How many seasons did American Idol become the most expensive series to advertise on broadcast networks? How much did the finale of American Idol sell for? How much did a 30-second spot cost in 2014? What was the peak ad price for season seven? How many seasons did American Idol become the most expensive series to advertise on broadcast networks? How much did HBO's advertising revenue top in the next few seasons? How much did the sponsorship deal cost in season one? How much did the sponsorship deal cost in season one? What was the name of the third major sponsor of American Idol? What year did Coca-Cola end its sponsorship of American Idol? How many seasons has the show been sponsored by iTunes? How much did the sponsorship deal cost in season one? How much did the sponsorship deal increase to by season 7? What was the third major sponsor of American Idol? What did AT&T promote as a way to vote? How many product placements did Idol have by the end of season six? What company declined to sponsor American Idol? What was the name of the American version of The X-Factor that PepsiCo sponsored? What company declined to sponsor American Idol? What was the name of the American version of The X-Factor that PepsiCo sponsored? What was Pepsi's market share ranking in 2010? What was the most successful season of the tour? What candy did M&M's sponsor on the season nine tour? What was the name of the semi-finalist who won a sing-off? What was the name of the first seven seasons of Guitar Hero? What candy did M&M's sponsor on the season nine tour? What was the most successful season of the tour? In what season were live performances and studio recordings made available on iTunes? How many seasons were released as a compilation album at the end of each season? What was the name of the company that sponsored 'Saturday Night Live'? What is the name of the single released by American Idol? What was released at the end of each season? What was the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program? What was the name of the company that sponsored 'Saturday Night Live'? What is the name of the recording label owned by 19 Entertainment? Who replaced Sony as the music label for American Idol? What is the abbreviation for Bertelsmann Music Group? Who owns 19 Recordings? What is the name of the recording label owned by 19 Entertainment? What is the abbreviation for Bertelsmann Music Group? Who did BMG partner with in 2005-2007? Who replaced Sony as the music label for American Idol? What company debuted "The American Idol Experience"? When did The American Idol Experience debut? When did the attraction close? Who co-produced the live production of "Alive at the Disney Parks"? When did The American Idol Experience debut? Where is the Walt Disney World Resort? What did the winner of American Idol receive? When did the attraction close? How many countries outside of the United States is American Idol broadcast to? What network aired American Idol in Canada? When did Yes TV take over American Idol? Who picked up American Idol's Canadian rights in August 2014? How many countries outside of the United States is American Idol broadcast to? Who broadcast American Idol in Canada? Who picked up American Idol's Canadian rights in August 2014? Who broadcasted the twelfth season in Italy? How many days after the U.S. broadcast are episodes aired in the UK? What is the name of the broadcaster in Southeast Asia? On what days of the week does the clock stop? What is the name of the broadcaster in Southeast Asia? Who broadcasted the twelfth season in Italy? What are contestants called when they are planted by producers? How many years in a row was a show ranked number one in the Nielsen ratings? How many years in a row was either a performance or result show ranked number one in the Nielsen ratings? What is another name for Canis familiaris? What is a canid that has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes? How long has the domestic dog been selectively bred? What is a characteristic of a dog that has been selectively bred for millennia? When did genetic studies show that dogs diverged from canids? How many years ago did dogs diverge from an extinct wolf-like canid? How many years ago did dogs diverge from an extinct wolf-like canid? What type of diet do dogs thrive on? What indicates that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago? What is the Western world's nickname for dogs? What is the Western world's nickname for dogs? In some cultures, dogs are a source of what? From what Proto-Germanic word could the word "finger muscle" derive? What is the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary? What is the Old English word for "powerful dog breed?" What is the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary? What was the general word for all domestic canines in 14th century England? What subtype of hound was the mastiff? In what century did dog become a general word? What was the general word for all domestic canines in 14th century England? In what century did dog become a general word? What did hound refer to in the 16th century? What Proto-Indo-European word is 'hound' derived from? What is the name of the father of a litter? What is the father of a litter called? What is the French word for "puppies"? What is the process of birth called? What is a female canine referred to as? What is a female canine referred to as? What is a group of offspring called? What is the father of a litter called? What is the name of the mother of a litter? What is the French word for "puppies?" What species was included in Linnaeus' Systema Naturae categorization? When did Linnaeus publish Systema Natura? Who published a categorization of species which included the Canis species? What does Canis lupus mean? What did the first edition of Mammal Species of the World list Canis familiaris under? What species was included in Linnaeus' Systema Naturae categorization? What does Canis familiaris mean? What does "Dog-wolf" mean? What is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog? When was the first edition of Mammal Species of the World published? When did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal? What did the third edition of Mammal Species of the World uphold? What name do a number of internationally recognized researchers prefer? What organization ruled in 2003 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal? What name do a number of internationally recognized researchers prefer? What organization ruled in 2003 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal? What is the scientific name of the wild animal? What supports the idea that dogs and gray wolves form two sister monophyletic clades within one species? What is the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves? What type of hunter-gatherers were the earliest dogs? What dog breed is close to the gray wolf due to admixture? Who were the earliest dogs thought to have come from? What is another name for the gray wolf? What dog breed is close to the Taimyr wolf of North Asia? What type of dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal? What is the function of a dog's teeth? What is another term for a mammal that is a predator? What does the cardiovascular system of a dog support? What does a dog's cardiovascular system support? What do dogs use their teeth for? What is another term for a mammal that is a predator? What are dogs highly variable in? What was the largest known dog? What was the largest known dog? What type of coat is common with dogs from colder climates? What type of hair does a double coat have? What type of coat is common with dogs from colder climates? What is the topcoat of a single coat? What is a common natural camouflage pattern? What type of animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below? What is a common natural camouflage pattern? What kind of coloring does a countershaded animal have on its upper surfaces? What is a negative effect of a countershaded animal? What part of a dog's tail can be straight, curled, sickle, curled or corkscrew? What is the primary function of a dog's tail? What part of a dog's tail can be straight, curled, sickle, curled or corkscrew? What causes blindness, deafness, and pulmonic stenosis? Fleas, ticks, and mites are examples of what? What type of female dogs are affected by pyometra? What type of female dogs are affected by pyometra? Fleas, ticks, and mites are examples of what? What can cause theobromine poisoning in dogs? What ingredient in macadamia nuts is toxic to dogs? What is a common household ingestible that can be toxic to dogs? What is a possible cause of theobromine poisoning in dogs? What can cause theobromine poisoning in dogs? What substance in tobacco can be dangerous? What kind of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs? How much longer do mixed breed dogs live compared to pure breed dogs? What is the effect on a dog's lifespan? When did a study find that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds? How much longer do mixed breed dogs live on average than pure breed dogs? What is the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive? What is the breed with the shortest lifespan? What is the median lifespan of a Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the median lifespan of a Miniature Bull Terrier? What is the breed with the shortest lifespan? What is the median lifespan of a Dogue de Bordeaux? What is the median longevity of Toy Poodles? What was the name of the dog that died in 1939? What is the name of the world's oldest living dog? What year did Bluey die? What was the name of the dog that died in 1939? What year did Bluey die? What is the name of the world's oldest living dog? How old can some large breeds of dogs be before sexual maturity? What does the body prepare for during the estrous cycle? How old can some large breeds of dogs be before sexual maturity? When do female dogs have their first estrous cycle? How long does it take for a dog to have a litter? How long is the average gestation period for a dog? What is the average number of puppies in a litter? How many puppies do toy dogs typically produce in a litter? How long is the average gestation period for a dog? How many puppies are in an average litter? How many puppies do toy dogs typically produce in a litter? What refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus? What organization advises that dogs not intended for breeding should be neutered? What part of an animal is usually removed during neutering? What is removed during neutering? What part of an animal is usually removed during neutering? What is removed during neutering? What should a dog not intended for breeding be? What reduces problems caused by hypersexuality? What does neutering increase the risk of in male dogs? What type of dog is less likely to develop cancer? What does neutering increase the risk of in male dogs? What type of cancer does neutering increase in male dogs? Who did a study with Rico darüber hinaus darüber hinaus What was the name of the person who studied the labels of over 200 different items? What was the name of the border collie that learned names and could associate by verbal command? Along with gesturing, what type of body language can dogs read? What can outperform domestic dogs in a non-social problem-solving experiment? What do modern domestic dogs use to solve their problems? What is the ability of a dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge? How many different items did Rico know the labels of? What kind of memory skills do dogs have? How many words could Chaser associate verbally? What is the estimated age of dogs as a domesticated species? How long have dogs been in contact with humans? These skills parallel some of the social-cognitive skills of what? How long have dogs been in contact with humans? How long have dogs been in contact with humans? What does the term "dog behavior" refer to? What are dogs uniquely attuned to? These skills parallel some of the social-cognitive skills of what? What are examples of gustatory communication? What do humans use to communicate with dogs? What is about how dogs "speak" to each other? What do humans use to communicate with dogs? What type of dog is clearly distinguishable from a gray wolf? What is the cause of a dog's limp ears? What distinguishes gray wolves from domestic dogs? How often do gray wolves enter estrus? What were dogs originally selected for? How many fixed genes were found to show variation between wolves and dogs? Along with morphology, what aspect of a dog was selected for during domestication? What is another name for the fight-or-flight response? What do dogs show less of when compared to wolves? What were other domestic species primarily selected for? What were dogs initially selected for? How many fixed genes were found to show variation between wolves and dogs? What do dogs show less of when compared to wolves? What is the estimated global dog population? What is the estimated global dog population? What are all dog population estimates based on? What are apex predators? What have wolves displayed when attacking humans and buildings? What are apex predators? What are apex predators? What animal do wolves kill more frequently than dogs? What animal seems to limit feral dog populations in Russia? What animal is reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards? What is a major predator of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What reptiles have been known to kill and eat dogs? What type of dog is known to have a predilection for dogs? What animal is reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards? What reptiles have been known to kill and eat dogs? What is a major predator of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What are dogs described as in scholarly and other writings? Along with vegetables, what type of food can dogs digest? Can dogs adapt to a wide-ranging diet? What are dogs described as in scholarly and other writings? What do dogs not need in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements? What do dogs have adaptations in genes involved in? How old are most dog breeds? What are the morphologies and behaviors of a dog selected for? How has the dog developed into hundreds of varied breeds? What breed of dog is about 76 centimetres in height? How old are most breeds of dog? How many different breeds of dog have been created? What is another name for gray? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What type of clubs keep dogs? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? What have natural selection and selective breeding given rise to? What classifications of dogs are kept by modern kennel clubs? How do kennel clubs classify dogs? How many major types of dogs can be said to be statistically distinct? What are two examples of old world dogs? What type of dog is the Border Collie? How many major types of dogs can be said to be statistically distinct? What type of dogs are Malamute and Shar Pei? What is another name for "modern" or "hunting" type dogs? What complex behavior did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? What are dogs' sophisticated forms of? What is one of the most successful species on the planet today? What complex behavior did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? What did the dogs' value to early humans lead to? What is a dog's role in helping handicapped people? What is the Western world's nickname for dogs? In some cultures, dogs are a source of what? What would dogs have done to improve sanitation? What is the Australian Aboriginal expression for "an exceptionally cold night?" How would dogs have alerted the camp to the presence of predators or strangers? What would dogs have done to improve sanitation? What is the Australian Aboriginal expression for "an exceptionally cold night?" What was an important factor in the domestication of the wolf? When did a study of hunter groups with and without a dog give quantitative support to the hypothesis that the benefits of cooperative hunting was an important factor? What was the most significant benefit of using dogs for hunting? What is a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf? What may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago? What may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago? How long ago did the earliest evidence of dog-like canids in North America date? How long ago did the first waves of emigrants cross the Bering land bridge? What was the only domesticated animal for the Athabascan? Along with the Apache, what tribe used dogs to migrate? What animal was introduced to North America? How old was the human and the puppy buried together at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha? What is the most widespread form of interspecies bonding? After what war did pet dog populations increase? When did the role of the pet dog begin to increase? Where were dogs kept more often in the 1950s and 1960s? Who keeps dogs as companions? Where were dogs kept more often in the 1950s and 1960s? When did the role of the pet dog begin to increase? What is shaping a dog to conform to human expectations? What is the second trend in the changing status of pets? How many major trends have there been in the changing status of pet dogs? What is shaping a dog to conform to human expectations? What kind of routines and practices are now included in the family and the home? What kind of forms are available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion? What century is dog training traced back to? What do dogs do to establish territory through scent? How far back can dog training as an organized activity be traced? What do dogs do to establish territory through scent? What can be traced back to the 18th century? What do most contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as? What is disputed about the dominance model of dog-human interactions? What do most contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as? What is the name of the tv show that promotes the dominance model of dog-human relationships? What did dogs bring in from the lawn? What do dogs lick in the dishwasher? What is an example of an activity in which the dog is an integral partner? What do many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members? What do dogs bring in from the lawn? How many people in the US own a dog? How many people in the US own a dog? What does MRI stand for? What does MRI prove about dogs? What part of the body do dogs use to respond to voices? What do dogs have the ability to recognize? What does MRI stand for? What do dogs have the ability to recognize? What is a phrase used in other languages to refer to dogs? What do pointers and hounds hunt? What do dogs help fishermen with? What was the name of the first dog to orbit the earth? What type of dog was Laika? What is a phrase used in other languages to refer to dogs? Along with hounds, what type of dog is used for rodent control? What do dogs help fishermen with? What was the name of the first dog to orbit the earth? In what year did Laika orbit the Earth? Guide dogs, utility dogs, assistance dogs, hearing dogs, and what other type of dog provide assistance to people with disabilities? What kind of care can a dog alert its owner to a seizure? What is another name for conformation shows? Who evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type? What does a judge evaluate in a conformation show? What does the breed standard only deal with? What type of shows are not based on the breed standard? Who evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type? What does the breed standard only deal with? What is an example of a quality that is not part of the judging in conformation shows? Korea, China, and Vietnam are examples of what type of countries? What is considered taboo in some cultures? What animal fat is believed to have medicinal properties? What do proponents of eating dog meat argue is western hypocrisy? Western cultures regard dog meat as what? What is dog fat believed to have in rural areas of Poland? What is the name of the most popular Korean dog dish? What kind of stew is gaejang-guk? What is the purpose of gaejang-guk? Along with chili powder, what ingredient is added to gaejang-guk? When is gaejang-guk most popular? Along with chili powder, what ingredient is added to gaejang-guk? How many people in the U.S. are bitten by dogs each year? How many deaths did the US experience in the 1980s and 1990s? In the 2000s, how many people died in traffic accidents? How many people in the U.S. are bitten by dogs each year? In what decade did the death toll in the US increase to 26? How severe were bites in children, according to a Colorado study? What is the incidence rate of dog bites in the US? What is the incidence rate for boys aged 5 to 9? What part of the body are children more likely to be bitten? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections? In what state did a study find that bites in children were less severe than bites in adults? What is the incidence rate for boys aged 5 to 9? What can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections? What is a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year? What type of vehicles were more likely to be involved in dog-related road accidents? What type of vehicles were more likely to be involved in dog-related road accidents? What is another name for Toxocara canis? What can cause Toxocara canis eggs? How many cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year? What can untreated toxocariasis cause? What is another name for Toxocara canis? What percentage of the U.S. population is infected with Toxocara? How many cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year? What percentage of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs? What can untreated toxocariasis cause? In what year did a paper state that recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? How much less absenteeism does a child who has a pet have from school? In what year did a paper state that recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? What type of exercise did people with pets take more of than those without pets? What type of exercise did people with pets take more of than those without pets? What can protect against allergies and autoimmune diseases? What do dogs act as facilitators of between humans? In what year did a study find that pet owners were significantly more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood? What is a psychological indicator that people show reductions in when in the presence of a pet dog? What type of interaction do wheelchair users have with strangers when they are accompanied by a dog? Where were animals introduced to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What can animal-assisted therapy increase in people with Alzheimer's disease? Along with antisocial behavior, what behavior did the animal-assisted children show a decrease in? When did the practice of using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy date back to? Where were animals introduced to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What animal was used as a part of therapy in the late 18th century? What can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? What are medical detection dogs capable of detecting? How much larger is a dog's olfactory cortex than a human's? How much of their brain's olfactory cortex is larger than humans'? How much larger is a dog's olfactory cortex than a human's? How many cancer patients has Daisy detected? Who guards the gates of Hades? Who guards the gates of Hades? What is the name of the bloody, four-eyed dog that guards Helheim? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? What is Tadaklan the god of? How many four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge? Who guards the gates of Hades? What is the name of the bloody, four-eyed dog that guards Helheim? What is Tadaklan the god of? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? What is said to watch over the gates of Naraka? Who is the god of death in Hindu mythology? What kind of dog figurines are offered at the Muthappan Temple? Who is the god of death in Hindu mythology? What are the guards of Naraka said to watch over? What is Muthappan's mount? Offerings at the shrine take the form of what? What animal is viewed as unclean in Islam? What are dogs viewed as in Islam? In what city did Hasan Küçük call for dog ownership to be made illegal? What type of booties are required to wear when searching mosques or Muslim homes? What are dogs viewed as in Islam? When did Hasan Küçük call for dog ownership to be made illegal in The Hague? Where did the activists lobby for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods? What are police sniffer dogs not allowed to contact? What do dogs represent in Christianity? Jewish law requires Jews to feed dogs before what? What do Jews have to do before obtaining animals? What do dogs represent in Christianity? What is the role of the dog in Chinese mythology? What Asian country is Korea in? What are dogs viewed as in China, Korea, and Japan? What were dogs portrayed on the walls of thousands of years ago? What was popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? Where were dogs portrayed on the walls of? What type of scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? What became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved? Diabetes, heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, and hypothyroidism are all conditions that can be found in what other animal? Who is incapable of mounting a female French Bulldog? What is the most common response of a scavenger? What is the most common response of a scavenger? What is the focus of most modern research on dog cognition? What would wolves have gotten from living in human camps? What may have been one of the key forces that led to human success? What have studies suggesting that there are benefits to physical health and psychological wellbeing been criticised for being? Do pet owners make more or less visits to the doctor than non-guardians? When did the tradition of carrying the Olympic torch begin? How long did the torch relay last? What was the theme of the torch relay? What did the organizers call the relay? What was the theme of the torch relay? Where was the torch relay held? What did the organizers call the relay? How far was the torch? On what date was the Olympic torch lit? Where was the Olympic torch lit? When did the Olympic torch arrive in Beijing? How many continents did the torch travel through? The torch has visited cities along what road? Where was the Olympic torch lit? On what date was the Olympic torch lit? Where did the Olympic torch travel to after Athens? On what date did the Olympic torch arrive in Beijing? What is the name of the mountain on the border of Nepal and Tibet? How many people protested in San Francisco? How many protesters were there in Pyongyang? What country has a poor human rights record? Who extinguished the torch during the Paris leg? Who condemned the attacks on the torch? How many protesters were there in San Francisco? Who overwhelmed the protesters in Australia, Japan, and South Korea? Who overwhelmed the protesters in Australia, Japan, and South Korea? What was reported between protesters and supporters? Which leg of the torch relay did not see any protests? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? What flags could athletes be expelled from the games for displaying? What did the IOC decide to scrap in future editions of the games? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? What did Rogge say could happen to any athletes displaying Tibetan flags at the games? What did some IOC members want to do? What did the IOC decide to scrap in future editions of the games? What event was the torch relay supposed to be part of? What event was the torch relay supposed to be part of? What is the name of the traditional Chinese design on the Olympic Torch? What type of metal is the X-Ray machine made from? How much does it weigh? What is used to ignite and extinguish a flame? What is the name of the traditional Chinese design on the Olympic Torch? What type of metal is the X-Ray machine made from? What is the wind speed of the torch? How many centimetres high is it? How long does each propane can light the torch for? What type of aircraft did the torch travel in? What were the colors of the Olympic Games? When was Air China chosen to carry the Olympic torch? How many days did the plane travel? What type of aircraft was used to transport the Olympic torch? What were the colors of the Olympic Games? What airline chartered the torch? How many days did the plane travel? How many countries and regions did the plane travel through? How many continents did the torch travel through? What city was included in the original route between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong? What countries did the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan object to being placed on the same level as Taiwan? How many continents did the torch travel through? How long was the torch route in Taiwan? What countries did the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan object to being placed on the same level as Taiwan? How long is the torch route in Taiwan? When was the Olympic Flame ignited? Where was the torch lighting ceremony held? Who was the first torchbearer? Who ignited the torch of the first torchbearer? When was the torch handed over from Greek officials to organizers of the Beijing games? Where was the torch lighting ceremony held? Who ignited the torch of the first torchbearer? What medal did Alexandros Nikolaidis win in 2004? Who was the first torchbearer? What country saw a particularly violent response to the protests? What company was accused of donating funds to the Dalai Lama? What is the name of Carrefour's major shareholder? What did some people add to the French flag? What city did protesters boycott Carrefour in? What is the name of Carrefour's major shareholder? What was the Chinese government trying to do to calm the situation? What company was accused of donating funds to the Dalai Lama? What newspaper urged Chinese people to express patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally? What newspaper urged Chinese people to express patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally? What did the People's Daily urge the Chinese people to do? Where did the Olympic torch arrive for the first time ever? Who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? Who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? How far was the route from Medeo stadium to Astana Square? What group was arrested and deported back to China? Who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? Who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? How far was the route from Medeo stadium to Astana Square? What group was arrested? When was the torch relay leg in Istanbul? Where did the torch relay finish in Istanbul? Where did the torch relay start in Istanbul? Who protested the Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang? In what city did the torch relay leg take place? Where did the torch relay start in Istanbul? Where did the torch relay leg end? Who protested the Chinese treatment of their compatriots in Xinjiang? What happened to the protesters who tried to disrupt the relay? When did the Olympic torch arrive in Saint Petersburg? Where did the torch relay start? Where did the torch relay finish? Who was one of the torch bearers? Where did the Olympic torch arrive in Russia? Where did the torch relay start? Where did the torch relay start? Who was one of the torch bearers? What city was the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics? When was the torch relay leg held in London? How much did security for the torch relay cost? What city was the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics? Where did the torch relay begin? Where did the torch relay end? How many miles long was the Tibet leg? What did Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe call the Chinese officials? How many torch-bearers were in London? Who started the relay? Who refused to carry the torch? Who did not touch the torch? Who started the relay? How many torch-bearers were in London? Who refused to carry the torch? Where did Prime Minister Gordon Brown welcome the torch? Where was a fire extinguisher set off near the torch? When was the torch relay leg in Paris? What is the first level of the Eiffel Tower? How did the torch get to the finish line instead of being carried by athletes? Who was David Douillet about to hand the torch over to? When was the torch relay leg in Paris? Where did the torch relay leg begin? Where did the torch relay leg in Paris begin? How many French police protected the Olympic torch relay? How many times was the flame put out? What party was responsible for the flag being flown from a window? Who was the torchbearer in Paris? What was the nickname given to Angel in Wheelchair? What ceremony was canceled by Chinese officials? Who was the torchbearer in Paris? What was the nickname given to Angel in Wheelchair? What party was responsible for the flag being flown from a window? What group scaled the Eiffel Tower to hang a protest banner from it? What did Reporters Without Borders scale to hang a protest banner from? Where did Reporters Without Borders hang their banner? What did Reporters Without Borders hang from the Eiffel Tower? What group scaled the Eiffel Tower to hang a protest banner from it? What is the name of the cathedral that Reporters Without Borders hung a banner from? Where did the pro-Tibet protesters gather? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? Who is the President of the French Tibetan community? Where did the pro-Tibet protesters gather with banners and Tibetan flags? How long did the protesters remain at the Trocadéro? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? What did Jane Birkin say was lacking in China? What did all parties in Parliament request? What did the banner read? What did the protesters shout several times? What is the name of the French Parliament? What did all parties in Parliament request? What did the banner read? What did the protesters shout several times? What did the French confiscate from demonstrators? What was the name of the newspaper that said only the Chinese were allowed freedom of expression? Where was the Tibetan flag allowed? Who is the Minister of the Interior? What did the French confiscate from demonstrators? Where was the Tibetan flag allowed? Who is the Minister of the Interior? Who struck the cameraman in the face? Where did the torch relay's North American leg occur? When did the torch relay's North American leg occur? Who was the first torchbearer? Where did the torch leave for Buenos Aires? Who is the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee? Where did the torch relay's North American leg occur? Where did the torch relay's North American leg occur? Who gave the torch to the first torchbearer? Where was the torch supposed to leave for Argentina? Who approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco? What does the resolution say China has failed to do? On what date was a protest planned at the United Nations Plaza? When did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? Who approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco? What was the name of the protest at the United Nations Plaza? What actor led a protest at the city's United Nations Plaza? What is the name of the bridge that three Tibetans scaled to unfurl their banners? What station did Sutherlin speak to live? What country requested that the torch route in San Francisco be shortened? What is the name of the bridge that three Tibetans scaled to unfurl their banners? Who spoke to KPIX-CBS5 live from her cellphone? How many activists were charged with trespassing? How many Tibetan flags were carried by the activists? Where did the first runner disappear into? Which torchbearer uses a wheelchair? Which torchbearer uses a wheelchair? What district did the torch run end in? What airport was the torch run moved to? What was the name of the heavily trafficked thoroughfare where the torch resurfaced? When was the torch relay leg in Buenos Aires? What was the name of the amphitheater held in Costanera Sur? Who was the mayor of Buenos Aires? Where was the first torch relay leg held? What amphitheater is located in Costanera Sur? Who was the mayor of Buenos Aires? Who was the first torchbearer? What did people shower the parade route with? Who was the pro-Tibet activist? Where did the marchers end up? What was the title of the banner that was displayed on the torch route? What will be carried out throughout the city of Buenos Aires? Where did the marchers end up? What did the protesters carry on their torch? What was the title of the banner that was displayed on the torch route? What NGO wanted to show the contradiction between the Olympic Games and the presence of widespread human rights violations in China? Who is the outreach director of HRTR? What is the name of the quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr? Who pulled out of the relay through Buenos Aires? How many police officers were involved in the security of the torch relay? What was thrown in an attempt to put out the Olympic flame? What is the name of the quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr? Who pulled out of the relay through Buenos Aires? How many police officers were involved in the security of the torch relay? What was thrown in an attempt to put out the Olympic flame? What was the nature of the protests? What was the only stop in Africa for the torch? When did the torch arrive in Dar es Salaam? What was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970's? What was the only stop in Africa for the torch? What was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970's? What stadium was built with Chinese aid in 2005? What country was the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway? Who lit the torch? What city was the only stop in the Middle East for the torch relay? On what date did the torch arrive in Muscat? Who was one of the torchbearers? What city was the only stop in the Middle East for the torch relay? How many kilometers did the relay cover? What was Sulaf Fawakherji's nationality? When did the Olympic torch reach Islamabad for the first time? Where was the torch carried instead of around Islamabad? Who spoke at the opening ceremony of the relay? What city did the Olympic torch reach for the first time? What stadium was the torch relay held in? On what date was the relay through New Delhi cut to 2.3 km? How many runners participated in the relay through New Delhi? Who refused to take part in the torch relay because of concerns over Tibet? How many intended torchbearers were there? What city was the relay through due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests? How many miles was the relay through New Delhi? How many runners participated in the relay through New Delhi? How many intended torchbearers were there? Who refused to take part in the torch relay because of concerns over Tibet? What type of celebrations are considered terrorist targets? Who was the Indian ambassador to Beijing? Who was Kamal Nath? Who was India's Commerce Minister? At what time was the Indian ambassador summoned? What is considered a terrorist target? What are Republic Day celebrations considered to be? How many Tibetans live in exile in India? What did Indian officials say was out of the question? What country rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of the Tibetan exile community? How many Tibetans live in exile in India? What did the Indian officials say was out of the question? What group did Indian officials refuse permission to? What is the result of the rapid deterioration of relations between India and China? Who did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay? What does IPS stand for? What does IPS stand for? Who pulled out of the Olympic torch relay? On what date was a protest organized against Chinese repression in Tibet? What does IPS stand for? Who pulled out of the Olympic torch relay? In what city was a protest organized against Chinese repression in Tibet? Who broke up the protest? What did Kiran Bedi refer to herself as when she refused to participate in the event? When did the Olympic flame make it's first visit to Thailand? Who was the Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman? What did the Chinese Embassy provide to the students in Bangkok? When did the Olympic flame make it's first visit to Thailand? How many kilometers did the relay cover? What did Thai authorities threaten to do to protesters? Who boycotted the relay? When was the event held in Kuala Lumpur? What is the capital of Malaysia? Where did the relay begin? When was the last Olympic torch relay held in Malaysia? Where did the relay begin? What is the nickname of the Petronas Twin Towers? When was the last Olympic torch relay held in Malaysia? How many people were in the Malaysian police Special Action Squad? What was the name of the group that protested in front of the Chinese embassy? What was the name of the group that protested in front of the Chinese embassy? What type of batons were used? What did the Chinese shout at the Malaysians? What did the Chinese volunteers take away from the protesters? When did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? Who requested that the torch relay through Jakarta be cancelled? Who was allowed inside the stadium? What city did the Olympic flame reach on April 22? How long was the torch relay through Jakarta? Why was the relay through Jakarta cancelled? What was held in the streets around the city main's stadium? Outside of what stadium did protests take place? When was the event held in Canberra? Who presented the Olympic flame to the Ngunnawal people? What did she give them as a gift of peace and welcome? Who argued over the role of the Chinese flame attendants? Where was the event held? How many kilometers of Canberra's central areas were covered? What was the name of the place where the event took place? Who kept demonstrators and counter-demonstrators apart? Who presented the Olympic flame to the Ngunnawal people? Who requested permission to deploy personnel along the relay route? What did the Chinese Students and Scholars Association want the Chinese Australian students to defend? Who is the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations? Who was the Foreign Minister? Who requested permission to deploy personnel along the relay route? Who has been given the power to search relay spectators? Who is the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations? Who is a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations? Who was the Foreign Minister? Who withdrew from the torchbearer event? Who was the Foreign Minister of Guinea-Bissau? Who withdrew from the torchbearer event? Who was the Foreign Minister? Who is the head of the Canberra torch relay committee? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay? Who was closely involved in ensuring that "pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists?" Who ended the Australian leg of the torch relay? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay? How many Chinese supporters were expected to attend the relay? Who is the head of the Canberra torch relay committee? Who was closely involved in ensuring that "pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists?" What city hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics? When was the Nagano Winter Olympics held? What city hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics? What year did Nagano host the Winter Olympics? What Japanese Buddhist temple refused to host the Olympic torch relay? What was previously on the site of the new starting point? How many Chinese guards were allowed to accompany the torch? What city hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics? In what year did Seoul host the Summer Olympics? What park was built when Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer Games? Who threw rocks, bottles and punches at protesters? What city hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics? In what year did Seoul host the Summer Olympics? When was the event held? Who presided over the event? Who was the first runner? What is the name of the obelisk that the relay started from? What city did Pak Du Ik run through? What year did the Olympic torch first travel to North Korea? What color paper flowers were waving at the start of the relay? Who was the first runner? What did UNICEF fear the relay would be used for? What country is listed as one of the worst violators of human rights? What is the name of the United Nations organization's children's agency? What did the United Nations Organization and UNICEF do? What was UNICEF concerned the relay would raise awareness of? What country is frequently listed among the world's worst offenders against human rights? When was the event held in Ho Chi Minh City? What city was the event held in? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? Where did the torchbears begin their journey? Where was the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? When did anti-Chinese demonstrations occur in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City? What islands are Vietnam disputing with China? What is the name of the county-level city that the Chinese government established in the disputed territories? When did anti-Chinese demonstrations occur in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City? Who is the Prime Minister of Vietnam? How many anti-China protesters were arrested in Hanoi? What was the real name of Nguyen Văn Hi? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? How many anti-China protesters were arrested in Hanoi? What was iu Cày's real name? What was iu Cày arrested for? Who wrote a letter to the president of the International Olympic Committee protesting China's "politicisation of the Olympics"? What was removed from the official website? When was the event held in Hong Kong? Who was the first torchbear? Where was the torch ceremony held? Where did the torch relay end? How many torchbearers were selected? When was the torchbearer ceremony held? Who handed the torch to the first torchbearer? What type of boat did the torch relay use to cross the Shing Mun River? How many torchbearers were selected? Which camp did no pro-democracy politicians participate in? What did members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China wave? Where were the Tiananmen Square protests held? What did Christina Chan do with the Tibetan snow lion flag? What type of vehicle was used to remove the protesters? What is Chan suing the Hong Kong government for? What did the members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China want accountability for? What is Leung Kwok-hung's official title? What type of flag did Christina Chan wear? What group originally planned to join the Hong Kong Alliance relay and paint the "Pillar of Shame"? What did Jens Galschit build in Hong Kong to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests? Why was Galschit denied entry to Hong Kong? Who was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? What is Hong Kong's one country, two systems policy? What color was Jens Galschit's group originally planning to paint? What did Jens Galschit build in Hong Kong to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests? Why was Galschit denied entry to Hong Kong? Who was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? When was the event held in Macau? Where was the ceremony held? How many torchbearers participated in the event? Who was the first torchbearer? What did the Macao Daily News say was missing from the list of torchbearers? When was the event held in Macau? How many torchbearers participated in the event? Who was the first torchbearer? Who was the casino tycoon? What newspaper published an article criticizing the torchbearers? What website did the Macau resident use to post a message encouraging people to disrupt the relay? What site did orchidbbs.com belong to? Who was arrested for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? What website did the Macau resident use to post a message encouraging people to disrupt the relay? Who denied that the shutdowns of websites were politically motivated? When did the Olympic torch arrive in Sanya? Who was one of the big names that attended the torchbearer celebrations? When did the Olympic torch arrive in Sanya? When did the torch return to China? What does IOC stand for? Who was one of the big names that attended the torch relay? What type of coverage did Western reporters describe as partial and censored? What did Chinese netizens accuse Western media of being? What was the name of the French newspaper criticized by Xinhua? What language is the media coverage of the torch relay from? What did Chinese media not broadcast during the torch lighting ceremony? Who disrupted the torch lighting ceremony? What was the name of the French newspaper criticized by Xinhua? What did Xinhua say Liberation supported? What did the Chinese media focus on? What did the relay spectators condemn? Who expressed understanding and support for the protesters? What did Xinhua call the protesters? Who expressed understanding and support for the protesters? What did CCTV and Xinhua not quote? What did the torchbearers vow to run for? What two things should not be mixed, according to the torchbearers? What did the torchbearers vow to run for? What two things should not be mixed, according to the torchbearers? What newspaper published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador? What organization was accused of bias by the Chinese media? What has the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom accused Western media of? Who was the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? What newspaper published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador? What organization was accused of bias by the Chinese media? What is the name of the U.S.-based cable news network? What is the name of the U.S.-based cable news network? Who did the Chinese government call on to apologise for insulting the Chinese people? What was the title of the BBC article? Who noted that Chinese people were able to access the BBC News website for the first time? How many people protested outside the BBC buildings in Manchester and London? Who noted that Chinese people were able to access the BBC News website for the first time? Who was and is still banned from reporting in China? What was the name of the publication that published the report? What was the name of the publication that published the report? What type of website did the Chinese government appear to be running? Who claims to have created Anti-cnn? Who claims to have created Anti-cnn? Who voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website? How many attendants were sent to escort the Olympic flame? When was the Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit sworn in? What color tracksuits do the torchbearers wear? What is the nickname given to one of the torch attendants? How many attendants were sent to escort the Olympic flame? When was the Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit sworn in? What color tracksuits do the torchbearers wear? What is the nickname given to one of the torch attendants? What company was accused of donating funds to the Dalai Lama? What is the name of Carrefour's major shareholder? Who did the Chinese accuse the LVMH Group of donating funds to? Swastika was added to what flag? What is the name of Carrefour's major shareholder? What did Chinese protesters accuse the French nation of? What type of protests occurred in 2005? What newspaper urged Chinese people to express patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally? What internet forum did the government begin to censor? When did protests break out in front of Carrefour's stores in Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang? What type of protests occurred in 2005? What newspaper urged Chinese people to express patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally? Who tried to calm the protests? When did protests break out in front of Carrefour's stores in Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang? Who is the Mayor of Nagano? What did Shoichi Washizawa call the torch relay? What religion is the temple in Nagano? Who is the Mayor of Nagano? What did Shoichi Washizawa call the torch relay? What religion is the temple in Nagano? How many lanterns are used to keep the Olympic Flame alight? When is the Olympic Flame kept alight? Who were Michael Mak Kwok-fung and Chan Cheong? What was the name of the person who was reported by the Chinese media? Who initially gave Jin Jing little mention? How many additional teams of 40 attendants will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route? How many additional teams of attendants will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route? Along with logic, epistemology and metaphysics, what did Locke's book make connections to? What is the ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica? Who was Kurt Gödel? What proved that Principia Mathematica could never achieve its aims? Without what book could Gödel not have come to his conclusion? In what year was Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem published? What did Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem demonstrate? What type of legacy does Principia Mathematica leave? Along with logic, epistemology, and logic, what subject was connected to in The Theory of Everything? When was Aims of Education delivered? What does he mean by "inert ideas"? What type of ideas did Popper think were harmful? When was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? When was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? When was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published? How many essays and addresses did Whitehead publish on education between 1912 and 1927? What term did Descartes use to describe ideas that have no application in real life? What did Whitehead believe the student could link to many different areas of knowledge? What did Whitehead believe students could apply concepts to? What type of model did Whitehead believe education should be? What type of model did Whitehead believe education should be? What did Whitehead believe the student could link to many different areas of knowledge? What did Whitehead believe students should be able to link together? What type of school model did Whitehead believe education should be? What type of training did Kant receive? What was Whitehead's opinion of metaphysics? What did Whitehead become in later life? To whom did Popper write a letter in which he questioned whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive? What type of education did Freud have? Who was Bertrand Russell's friend? What is the rank of amateur? In what century did Whitehead become a metaphysicist? What does every scientific man have to say in order to preserve his reputation? Why are metaphysical assumptions not easily seen? What did Whitehead believe people needed to do if philosophy and science were to make any real progress? What did Whitehead consider to be essential to both good science and good philosophy? Who makes metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works? Why are metaphysical assumptions not easily seen? What did Whitehead think people need to constantly re-imagine? What did Whitehead consider essential to both good science and good philosophy? Reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of what? What type of ontology did Whitehead reject? Even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of what? What two kinds of real existence did Descartes separate? What was the name of Whitehead's metaphysical system? What is the name of the idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another? What type of ontology did Whitehead reject? What type of ontology did Whitehead reject? According to Freud, what is the most basic element of reality? What was the name of Whitehead's metaphysical system? What have materialists mistaken the abstract for? Along with "matter" and "form," what concept did Whitehead think was problematic? What do "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for? What is a continuum of overlapping events described as? What does Whitehead call a "society" of events? What type of concepts fail to adequately account for change? Classical concepts fail to account for what? Along with "matter" and "form," what concept did Whitehead think was problematic? What does Whitehead call a series of events? What is a continuum of overlapping events described as? In Whitehead's cosmology, what are the only fundamentally existent things? What describes what a thing or person really is? What is seen as fundamentally the same through time in this way of thinking? What describes what a thing or person really is? What are the only fundamentally existent things in Whitehead's cosmology? What are the only fundamentally existent things in Whitehead's cosmology? What is often a useful way of speaking? What do people define? Is it easy or convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things? What should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" and "essences" are convenient generalized descriptions of a continuum? What was one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What is it not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next? What was one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What was one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? Is it easier or more convenient to think of people and objects as being fundamentally the same things? Each object is simply an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to what? The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fundamentally separate from what? In Whitehead's view, what is more important than the relata themselves? What sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects? What does materialism obscure? What obscures the importance of relations? What does it see every object as? How is an object related to other things? What does Whitehead describe an entity as? What is a real thing? What could not be said to really exist if it made no difference to any other entity? What is not secondary to what the thing is? What does Whitehead say an entity is in some sense nothing more or less than? What is not secondary to what a thing is? Relations are not secondary to what? What does Whitehead say an entity is in some sense nothing more or nothing less than? What does a real thing force the rest of the universe to do? Along with Europe, where has interest in Whitehead's work spread? Who was the Archbishop of Canterbury? When were the Gifford Lectures given? What do Whiteheadians unite with the sciences of education? Along with ecology, physics, biology, education, and psychology, what field has shown interest in Whitehead's work? Where did Henry Nelson Wieman begin an interest in Whitehead's work? Who initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years? Who is the most notable Whitehead scholar? What was arguably the most important thread running through the Divinity School? Where is Whitehead's thought growing the fastest? Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are blended with what in order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization? Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are examples of what? Which two process philosophers are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students? Whitehead's emphasis on education included the teaching of values rather than what? What did Whitehead believe about matter? What is one reason that Whitehead's ideas are not more widely accepted? What was Whitehead's perception of metaphysics? Who has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools? What school of pragmatism has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy? Who did Whitehead think highly of? Who is an example of a philosopher who advocates both process philosophy and pragmatism? Who was one of the founders of pragmatism? Who was a student of Hartshorne? What has been said about the movie? Along with Henry Stapp, who is a notable writer whose work was influenced by Whitehead? What discovery rendered Whitehead's view obsolete? What kind of flatness of space does Whitehead assume? What must Whitehead's cosmology be regarded as? What award did Redirecting the Economy toward Community, Environment, and Sustainable Future receive? What was the title of John B. Cobb's 1971 book? What was the title of the book Cobb co-authored with Herman Daly? What is the name of Cobb's second book? What did Cobb hope to challenge in his second book? Who developed the FEELS model? Along with Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions and Supportive-teacher, what does FEELS stand for? What is the purpose of education? What is the name of the organization that collaborated with the Chinese government on this project? Who is one of the leading figures with an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management? What does Mark Dibben call his philosophy of management? Along with philosophy of management, what field has Dibben published papers on? Along with philosophy of business administration, what subject has Whitehead had an influence on? What does Dibben view life as? When did Whitehead turn his attention to philosophy of science? What subject did Whitehead turn his attention to in the 1920s? What did Whitehead believe that reality consists of rather than material objects? Reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of what? Which of Whitehead's works is regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy? What did Whitehead turn his attention to in the late 1910's and early 1920's? What did Whitehead turn his attention to in the 1920s? What subject did Whitehead turn his attention to in the 1920s? What type of system did Freud develop? What did Whitehead believe that reality consists of rather than material objects? Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? When was Alfred North Whitehead born? Who was Alfred North's grandfather? What was the name of Alfred North's father's school? What was Whitehead's mother's previous name? Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? When was Alfred North Whitehead born? What position did Alfred Whitehead hold? Who was Whitehead's mother? Who was Whitehead's wife? What system was Imperial College London a part of? What position was Winston Churchill elected to at the University of London in 1918? What position was Winston Churchill a member of the University of London's Senate? In what year did Winston Churchill depart for America? What degree was offered before a Bachelor of Science? In what year did Whitehead accept a number of high administrative positions within the University of London? What position was Winston Churchill elected to at the University of London in 1918? What institution was a member of the University of London system? In what year did Winston Churchill depart for America? Who wrote the most definitive biography of Whitehead? What did Whitehead instruct his family to do after his death? What was Whitehead known for? What did Lowe say of Whitehead's biography? How many volumes did Victor Lowe's biography of Whitehead contain? Who wrote the most definitive biography of Whitehead? What did Whitehead want destroyed after his death? What was Whitehead known for? What book did Whitehead co-write with Bertrand Russell? Who co-wrote Principia Mathematica? Who were the first two books aimed at? Who co-wrote Principia Mathematica? In what century was Principia Mathematica written? What subject did Whitehead write numerous articles on? How many books did Whitehead write on mathematics? Who co-wrote Principia Mathematica? Who co-wrote Principia Mathematica? When was A Treatise on Universal Algebra published? Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to the need to expand algebraic structures beyond what class? What is the main idea of the work? What did G.B. Mathews think of the film's design? Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to the need to expand what? What did G. B. Mathews call the book's unity of design? What is the main idea of the work? How long did it take Whitehead and Russell to write Principia Mathematica? How long did it take Whitehead and Russell to write Principia Mathematica? How many volumes did the work of Euclid's Euclid have? How many pounds did the Royal Society of London contribute? What is the name of the work that is likely to be found in every major academic library in the world? How long did it take Whitehead and Russell to write Principia Mathematica? How long did it take Whitehead and Russell to write Principia Mathematica? How many volumes was Euclid's Euclid's Euclid's Euclid? How many pages were in the three-volume work? Who paid for the first two volumes of Euclid's work? What is the general opinion of Hume's philosophical work? Who delivered the Gifford lectures? What was the name of the book that Whitehead published after his Gifford lectures? Who struggled to follow Whitehead's writings? What was the name of the book that Whitehead published after his Gifford lectures? When were Whitehead's Gifford lectures delivered? What is one of the most difficult to understand works in the western canon? Did Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books affect his reading? What did many philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School not understand about Whitehead's work? What was Henry Nelson Wieman's profession? How long did Wieman teach at Harvard? What was Mathews' reaction to Whitehead's writing? Where was Chicago's Divinity School? In what year was Henry Nelson Wieman invited to Chicago to give a lecture? What was Henry Nelson Wieman's profession? How many years did Wieman teach at Harvard? What has Process and Reality been called? Who said that Process and Reality demands that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus? What did Whitehead anticipate in the 21st century? What book has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century?" Who said that Process and Reality demands that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus? What did Whitehead question? What century was Whitehead writing in? What did Whitehead provide to 21st century scientific and philosophical problems? What is creativity for Whitehead? What does Whitehead believe is the absolute principle of existence? Most entities do not have what? What is the fundamental freedom of all entities? What is creativity for Whitehead? An entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them? What is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws? What language does "prehension" come from? The theory of representative perception states that the mind only has private ideas about what? What was the name of the term that Freud coined? What language does "prehension" come from? What does prehensio mean? The term "perception" can indicate a kind of perception that can be what? How many modes does Whitehead believe perception has? The term is meant to indicate a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious, applying to people as well as what? Entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations rather than being what? What is another term for "physical prehension"? The feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment is unmediated by what? What may or may not be delusive? What does Whitehead describe as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms which have a sense for the fate from which they emerged"? What is referred to as "pure sense perception"? What is referred to as "pure sense perception"? What does Whitehead call the sense of causal relations between entities? Presentational immediacy is unmediated by what? What dominates the more basic mentality? What does Whitehead call the combination of appearance and causation? What dominates the more basic mentality? What does symbolic reference link appearance with? What indicates a higher grade mentality? People and animals have difficulty refraining from what? What does an ordinary person immediately infer when they see a colored shape? What did Whitehead think an artist might have stopped at instead of a chair? What animal would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair? What is comparatively deficient in survival value? What is the mark of higher forms of life? What are the three goals of higher forms of life? Whitehead sees life as directed toward what? What does Whitehead say life is comparatively deficient in? What is the mark of higher forms of life? How many goals does Descartes believe people should strive to achieve? Whitehead sees life as directed toward what? What does he see the rise of life as without a goal? Why did complex organisms evolve? What was Whitehead's idea of God called? What did the Church give to God that belonged exclusively to Caesar? What is the most important attribute of God? What does Whitehead think God isn't tied to? What did Whitehead call the primordial nature of God? What is the second nature of God? Whitehead's conception of God as a "logischerweise dipolarerweise" entity has called for what kind of thinking? What did Whitehead believe existed in the primordial nature of God? What is God's reception of the world's activity? What does God cherish forever? What is the judgment of tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved? How do God's experiences impact the world? What is really changed by what happens in the world and the wider universe? According to Avicenna, God is deficient in what? According to Avicenna, what is God? Whitehead sees God and the world as fulfilling what? What does he see entities in the world as? How does God change entities in the world? What was the core of Whitehead's religion? What did Whitehead say about religion? What did Whitehead believe religion did? What is often a good influence? What did Whitehead see religion as beginning in? According to Descartes, what is the value of the objective world? The universe is a community which makes itself whole through the relatedness of each individual entity to what? The spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself? What are the individual and universal aspects of religion mutually dependent of? How does Whitehead's influence spread outside of his circle? Who called Whitehead "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century?" What type of programs are available to study Freud's works outside of Claremont? Who did Whitehead teach and supervise the dissertation of? Who did Gilles Deleuze say was the last great Anglo-American philosopher? What type of theology has Whitehead's work been most influential in? Who was the most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context? What did Charles Hartshorne develop Whitehead's process philosophy into? Along with John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller, who is a process theologian? What is God's relational nature? What do process theologians view God as? Who would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by the joys or sorrows of his followers? Who is the being who is most affected by the world? What is process naturalism? Along with biology, what subject has John B. Cobb, Jr. written books about? Along with poststructuralist, postcolonialist and feminist theory, what theory did Faber and Keller integrate from Whitehead? What type of scientist was Charles Birch? Who wrote 'Syntheism - Creating God in The Internet Age'? Why is process theology difficult to define? What does religion take deeply felt emotions and contextualize them within? Religion contextualizes deeply felt emotions within a system of what? What did religion serve for Whitehead? What is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people? Mary Parker Follett was a pioneer in what fields? Stout and Staton see Whitehead and Follett as sharing what? Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration is an example of what? What do many asset managers continue to invest client funds in? What led to bad investments by asset managers in overpriced credit assets? How are investment managers compensated? Why do asset managers want to increase their assets under management? What was supported by the risk associated with subprime-based credit assets? What was the parent company of IndyMac? When did IndyMac Bank fail? What was the name of the first financial institution to run into trouble in the US? What was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market? What was the name of IndyMac Bank's parent corporation? When did Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgraded a significant number of MBS bonds? What percentage of IndyMac's capital ratio would have been if the lowered ratings had been in effect on March 31, 2008? How much of IndyMac's MBS bonds were downgraded? Who downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds? What is the minimum risk-based capital ratio for a bank to be considered well capitalized? Who pointed out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits? What does FDIC stand for? How much in brokered deposits would Schumer have referred to? When did the regulator disallow IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits? How much money would IndyMac have lost a month if it had been allowed to acquire new brokered deposits? What percentage of IndyMac's deposits were withdrawn in June 2008? What percentage of IndyMac's deposits were withdrawn in June 2008? How much money did IndyMac have to hold as a result of the collapse of the secondary mortgage market? Who wrote a letter to the FDIC and the OTS? What was the underlying cause of IndyMac's failure? What is another name for IndyMac Federal Bank? The FDIC guarantees the funds of all insured accounts up to what amount? How many depositors have the FDIC declared a special advance dividend to? When did the FDIC place IndyMac Bank into conservatorship? When did the FDIC announce plans to open IndyMac Federal Bank? How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt in 2007 and 2008? What was the name of the investment bank that was sold in March 2008? When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak? When did Lehman Brothers file for bankruptcy? What was the name of one of the largest banks in the United States? What type of funds invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls? What do money market funds invest in? When did the crisis hit its most critical stage? How much money was withdrawn from money markets in one week? What was the record high TED spread? What had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector? What had grown to nearly equal the importance of the traditional commercial banking sector? What could investment banks not obtain in exchange for mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper? Who explained the credit crisis via the implosion of the shadow banking system? How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen? What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing? According to what institution does the traditional banking system not have the capital to close the capital gap? What are some forms of securitization likely to vanish forever? What would it take to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume? How much of their collective net worth did Americans lose between June 2007 and November 2008? How much was the S&P 500 down from its 2007 high? How much had housing prices dropped from their 2006 peak? How much was total home equity in the US valued at in 2006? What was the value of total home equity in 2008? What is a serious default risk for a homeowner? What is the problem with the economy? How many homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago have little or nothing today? What does the creditworthiness of a business depend on? In November 2008, profit prospects looked worse than they did in what month? What has the continuing crisis prompted fears of? What bank predicted a global recession in 2008? How many quarters did the U.S. expect its recession to last? How many of Iceland's major banks were involved in the crisis? What type of injection did governments make? How much of the growth in global consumption did the U.S. account for? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in Japan for the first quarter of 2009? What was the rate of decline in Mexico's GDP in the first quarter of 2009? What country relies on the U.S. consumer as a source of global demand? What is the name of the economic downturn in the U.S.? What was the growth forecast for Cambodia in 2007? What was the record amount of remittances sent by migrant workers in 2007? How many people live below the poverty line in Ghana? What does Bruno Wenn believe will attract new investors? According to the Overseas Development Institute, reductions in growth can be attributed to falls in what? What group was less affected by the credit crunch? What does FDI stand for? What does this give them a significant cushion against? What is the single most important determinant of economic performance? What is the single most important determinant of economic performance? What was the unemployment rate in the U.S. in October 2009? What was the lowest level since the government began collecting data in 1964? How much did the output of goods and services produced by labor and property in the United States decrease in the fourth quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009? When was the last time the unemployment rate was this high? What was flat-lined as a result of fewer resources to risk in creative destruction? Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address the problem of what? What creates apparently risk-free assets out of high risk collateral? What regulations did European regulators introduce for banks? Who argues that regulations have led to excessive lending to risky governments? What was increased as a result of the new definition of capital? When did the U.S. recession end? When did the U.S. recession end? What year was the crisis dated by the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? What year did the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to? When did President Obama declare that the markets were stabilized? What type of economies were lagging behind? What percentage of global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014? What led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? What percentage of global GDP did advanced economies account for in 2007-2014? What led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? What is Krugman's profession? When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders report on the default of commercial loans? When did the first signs of decline in residential real estate occur? What does CMBS stand for? What happened after the crisis in residential real estate? What was assigned a safe rating by credit rating agencies? How much money is represented by worldwide fixed income investments? How much did the pool of money grow from 2000 to 2007? What was assigned a safe rating by credit rating agencies? What type of bond offered higher yields than the Giant Pool of Money? What allowed financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime and other lending? What did the collateralized debt obligation do to the housing bubble? What kind of rating did the securities first in line receive? What is the name of the pool from which specific securities draw in a specific sequence of priority? What kind of ratings do securities with lower priority have? How much had housing prices declined from their mid-2006 peak? In what year did housing prices peak in the U.S.? How many properties did lenders foreclose on in 2007? How much did the population increase from 2007 to 2008? What was the unemployment rate in September 2009? What was the federal funds rate target reduced to from 2000 to 2003? What was the purpose of the easing of the dot-com bubble? What did some economists advocate that the Fed "needs to create" to replace the Nasdaq bubble? What contributed greatly to the severity of the crisis? What encouraged borrowing? How much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004? What percentage of GDP did the current account deficit of the United States increase from 1996 to 2004? Along with emerging economies in Asia, what country exported oil? What is the term for a surplus in the capital account? What type of funds flowed into the US to finance its imports? When did the Fed raise the Fed funds rate? What does ARM stand for? Asset prices move inversely to what? What did the Fed do to the Fed funds rate between 2004 and 2006? What type of assets declined in value after the housing bubble burst? Who was Richard M. Bowen III responsible for over 220 professional underwriters? How many professional underwriters did Richard M. Bowen III oversee? What percentage of mortgages purchased by Citi were "defective" in 2006? How many mortgage companies did Citi purchase mortgages from? What percentage of mortgages were defective in 2007? What is the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the US and Europe? What percentage of loans met their originators' underwriting standards? How many "too big to fail" banks participated in the analysis? How many of the sampled loans did not meet the minimal standards of any issuer? How many mortgages did Clayton Holdings review from January 2006 to June 2007? What is the practice of unscrupulous lenders? Who used a classic bait-and-switch method to advertise low interest rates for home refinancing? What is an ARM? What might a credit consumer not notice until long after the loan transaction had been consummated? What method did Countrywide Financial use to advertise low interest rates for home refinancing? Who sued Countrywide? What is an ARM? What happened to ARM owners' home equity? Who decided to seize Countrywide? Who was Countrywide making high cost mortgages to? Who argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? Who is the U.S. Treasury Secretary? What organization conducted a study on the Basel accords? What did critics say did not keep up with financial innovation? What accords encouraged unconventional business practices? What did financial institutions become prior to the crisis? Off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives are examples of what type of financial instrument? What did these instruments make it virtually impossible to reorganize in bankruptcy? What did these instruments make it virtually impossible to reorganize? Off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives are examples of what type of financial instrument? How many top U.S. investment banks increased their financial leverage from 2004 to 2007? What is a financial shock? What was changed to keep U.S. banks competitive with their European counterparts? How much debt did these five institutions have in 2007? What bank went bankrupt? What is an example of a behavior that may be optimal for an individual? What is the paradox of thrift? What can the paradox of thrift cause? Who described a "paradox of deleveraging"? What would happen if financial institutions with too much leverage tried to deleverage? Who was the U.S. Federal Reserve vice-chair? What did Janet Yellen say happened quickly after the credit crunch? What is the definition of recession? What are businesses doing to preserve cash? What has spread to nearly every corner of the economy? What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve particular client objectives? What type of mortgage was bundled with subprime mortgages? What is the abbreviation for credit default swaps? What does MBS stand for? In the years leading up to the crisis, how much did the usage of these products expand? When did CDO issuance peak? How much did CDO issuance increase in Q1 2004? What was the peak amount of CDO issuance in Q1 2007? What percentage of CDO assets were subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt in 2007? What was the CDO issuance in Q1 2008? What went hand in hand with more complexity? How many actors were connected to a single mortgage? What type of information did these actors rely on more and more? What type of models are used by rating agencies and risk management desks? In what year did a group of computer scientists build a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies? How is the pricing of risk measured? What refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk? What did the lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures prevent the markets from correctly pricing? What kind of format does the book have? What would have made the financial crisis more disruptive? MBS and CDOs are examples of what type of innovation? Why did market participants not accurately measure the risk inherent with financial innovation? What was the average recovery rate for "high quality" CDOs? What was the recovery rate for mezzanine CDOs? How much money was estimated to have been sold in CDOs between 2005 and 2007? Who insured obligations of various financial institutions through the usage of credit default swaps? What did AIG use to insure the obligations of various financial institutions? When was AIG taken over by the government? How much money did the U.S. taxpayers provide to AIG? What did AIG receive in exchange for a promise to pay money to party A in the event that party B defaulted? Who said that the new products became so complicated that the authorities could no longer calculate the risks? How did financial assets become harder and harder to value? Who provided the rating agencies with information about synthetic products? Who started relying on the risk management methods of the banks? What did the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators accept as valid? Who published the book "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? In what year was a conference held that attempted to rectify some of the limitations of copulas? Where was the 2006 conference held? What did the practitioners attempt to rectify at the Merrill Lynch conference? In what year was a conference held that attempted to rectify some of the limitations of copulas? Who was the President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank in 2008? When did Timothy Geithner become Secretary of the United States Treasury? What is another name for the "parallel" banking system? What is another name for the parallel banking system? Why were these entities vulnerable? When did the securitization markets close? When did the securitization markets nearly shut down? How much of the private credit markets became unavailable as a source of funds? According to what institution does the traditional banking system not have the capital to close the capital gap? How long would it take for the traditional banking system to generate sufficient capital to support additional lending? Who testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? What markets remain impaired, as investors anticipate more loan losses? How much did private issuance of mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, and CDOs peaked in 2006? How much private issuance was there in 2009? What program aids credit card, auto and small business lenders? What happened to commodity prices after the collapse of the housing bubble? How much did the price of oil increase from 2007 to 2008? What caused the price of oil to plummet in late 2008? What do some experts attribute the speculative flow of money from housing and other investments to? What does an increase in oil prices tend to divert a larger share of consumer spending into? Who was the former director of the CFTC Division Trading & Markets? What exchange was responsible for the speculative run-up of oil futures prices? Who founded the IntercontinentalExchange? What does ICE stand for? Along with London, where was the IntercontinentalExchange based? What type of economist is Margunn Bjrnholt? What type of economics did Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt argue revealed a crisis of ideas? What type of economics takes as their starting point the socially responsible, sensible and accountable subject in creating an economy? What type of economics do Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt advocate for? Who was the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in 2005? In what year did Raghuram Rajan predict the Indian financial crisis? Who was honored in 2005? What did Rajan argue might loom? What are these risks known as? Who predicted the financial crisis? What did Raghuram Rajan call the financial crisis? Who credits 12 economists with predicting the crisis? What did the Austrian economic school view the crisis as? Who confessed to Congress that he was forced to return to the Austrian view of the financial crisis? What magazine claims that economists mostly failed to predict the worst international economic crisis? What was the worst international economic crisis since the 1930s? What school of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal examines why economists failed to predict a major global financial crisis? Who warned of a financial crisis in 2006? What did The New York Times call Roubini? Who was the author of the 2007 book The Black Swan? Who said that Taleb saw what was coming? What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb warn about? What type of stocks did he bet on? Who believes distinctions exist between the current market malaise and the Great Depression? How much did the Dow Jones average fall over a period of 17 months? What percentage of the Dow Jones average fell during the Great Depression? Who is the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times? What was one of the first victims? Who did the bank ask for security from? In what month and year did a bank run occur? When was the bank taken over by the public? What was one of the first victims? What did IndyMac loan to borrowers without verifying their income or assets? What was often questionable about appraisals by IndyMac? What type of credit history did IndyMac lend to? What is another name for option-adjustable-rate-mortgages? What did IndyMac refuse to tighten? How much of the poorest families did not have wealth declines during the crisis? How much did the wealth of all Americans decline between 2007 and 2009? What percentage of the richest families had a decrease in wealth? What percentage of the bottom of the pyramid had a decrease in wealth? How many of the poorest families did not have wealth declines during the crisis? Where was the European Commission based? What was the predicted GDP growth for the Eurozone countries in 2009? What was the predicted GDP growth for the UK in 2009? Who launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession by 0.3% for 2009? What was the average over developed economies for 2009? What have central banks done to avoid a deflationary spiral? What have governments enacted to offset the reduction in private sector demand? What was the Federal Reserve's traditional role during the crisis? What was the purpose of the expanded liquidity facilities? What does lower wages and higher unemployment lead to in global consumption? What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse? How much debt did central banks purchase in the last quarter of 2008? How much new preferred stock did the governments of Europe and the United States purchase? Who explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy? Where did banks invest their money? What type of proposals did Obama and his advisers make in June of 2009? Executive pay, bank financial cushions or capital requirements, and expanded regulation of the shadow banking system are examples of what? What type of trading did Obama want to limit? Who has publicly argued for the proposed changes? Who has publicly argued for the proposed changes? When did the U.S. Senate pass a reform bill? When did the House pass a similar bill? What rule is against proprietary trading? What body passed a reform bill in December 2009? What did national governments do to prevent the collapse of large financial institutions? How much was the decline in consumer wealth estimated to be? When did BNP Paribas terminate withdrawals from three hedge funds? When did the global recession end? Who terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds? When did the U.S. housing bubble peak? When did the global stock markets suffer large losses? What was the theory behind the overvaluation of subprime mortgages? Who was overvalued in bundled subprime mortgages? What did banks and insurance companies lack to back the financial commitments they were making? Which report concluded that the financial crisis was the result of high risk, complex financial products? What act was repealed in 1999? Who concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable? Who failed to rein in the excesses of Wall Street? What did governments not adjust to address 21st century financial markets? What is another name for mortgage-backed securities? What is another name for mortgage-backed securities? What was the name of the financial institution that invested in subprime mortgage-backed securities? Who was able to invest in the U.S. housing market? What did CDOs derive their value from? How many trillions of dollars are estimated to be lost? What is a financial incentive to enter foreclosure? When did the foreclosure epidemic begin? What other types of loans increased as the crisis expanded? When did the foreclosure epidemic begin in the U.S.? What is another name for the shadow banking system? What is another name for the shadow banking system? What was the process that caused the financial system to expand and become increasingly fragile called? What did the U.S. Government emphasize to encourage business? What did the U.S. Government emphasize to encourage business? What type of losses did these institutions not have the ability to absorb? What effect did the losses have on the ability of financial institutions to lend? What drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets? Who bailed out key financial institutions? What type of losses did the regulated banks not have the ability to absorb? When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings? What did the report conclude was the cause of the financial crisis? Who failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages? Who was ill prepared for the crisis? How many financial firms were acting recklessly and taking on too much risk? What was the competition like between mortgage lenders? Prior to what year did the GSEs maintain relatively high underwriting standards? When were the worst loans originated? When were the worst loans originated? What do GSEs stand for? How many Democratic appointees were on the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? Who claimed that the GSE never purchased subprime loans? What was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? What type of loans performed better than loans securitized by private investment banks? How many Republican appointees made up the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? How many substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie hold in 2008? How many substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie hold in 2008? What two entities did Wallison believe were responsible for risky loan purchases? Who initiated affordable housing policies in the 1990s? In what year did the SEC file a securities fraud case against Fannie and Freddie? What does OFHEO stand for? Who called for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs? When did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing? Did the hearings result in new legislation or a formal investigation of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac? What committee held a hearing on September 10, 2003? How much mortgage lending was made by CRA-covered lenders? What percentage of all mortgage lending in the U.S. was made by CRA-covered lenders? What does CRA stand for? What percentage of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions? What percentage of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions? In what year did CRA rule changes occur? What was the amount of CRA loan commitments between 1994 and 2007? What is the Federal Reserve's assumption that high-interest-rate loans equal subprime loans? What was the delay between rule changes and the explosion of subprime lending? When was the terrorist attack? What derivatives did investment banks and hedge funds use? What type of derivatives are called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations, and synthetic CDOs? What magazine did Michael Lewis write an article for? What type of derivatives are called credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations, and synthetic CDOs? Along with credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs, what derivatives were used by investment banks and hedge funds? What kind of loans supported the housing bubble? What type of downpayments did substandard loans typically have? What type of loans supported the housing bubble? When did Wallison say other developed countries had large bubbles? Who wrote that every bubble has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates? How many miles away from Puerto Rico is St. Barthélemy? What is the name of the body of water that separates Saint Barthélemy from Saint Martin? What is another name for the Roques? What is the name of one of the Renaissance Islands? What is another name for Île Bonhomme? Who are the residents of Saint-Barthélemy? What language do residents of Saint-Barthélemy speak? How many people in the leeward portion of the island speak St. Barthélemy French? What language do residents of Saint-Barthélemy speak? What is not determined between Creole and Patois? Along with Saint Barthélemy, what neighbor did France grant COM status to in 2007? How many years does the Territorial Council serve? When was the last council election held? When did the new status take effect? How many members are on the Territorial Council? When was the last election held? What country is St. Barthélemy a territory of? How many senators represent the island in the French Senate? When was the first election held? How many gendarmes are on the island? What type of production was difficult on the island? What kind of potato can be grown in patches? What did the early settlers of the island produce? What did the early settlers of the island produce? What is the name of the island's port? Who considers St. Barthélemy a playground? How many visitors does tourism attract each year? How much does it cost to buy a beachfront villa on the island? What contributes to the high standard of living on the island? How is most of the food imported? How many hotels does St. Barthélemy have? How many rooms does the largest hotel have? What other country contributes labour to the Porto area? How many rooms does Hotel Le Toiny have? How many private villas are available to rent on the island? What type of plants do the hills support? Which part of the island receives more rainfall? How many species of plants are there in Mexico City? What is a common sight in the saline coastal swamps? Where was coconut palm brought to the island? What type of tree was brought from the Mediterranean? What tree was planted as barbed wire defences against the British army in 1773? Where was the yellow bell originally from? When was the barbary fig planted? What was planted as barbed wire defences against the British army in 1773? When is the migration period? When do dolphins, porpoises and whales migrate to the island? What is a common sight along the coastline of the island? What is the favorite diet of leatherback sea turtles? Where do green turtles live? What color are the shells of conch? Along with turtles and eels, what type of fish lives on the reefs of the Marshall Islands? In what type of water are blue chromis, brown chromis, and trumpet fish found? Where do ghost crabs live? What do hermit crabs eat? How many zones does the Reserve Naturelle cover? What species of sea turtles are protected by the reserve? What is prohibited in the Reserve? What is the name of the marine nature reserve in Saint-Barthélemy? What is prohibited in the Reserve? Who built the forts? What was the former name of Fort Oscar? When was the fort built? What has been replaced by a modern military building? Where is Fort Oscar located? How many restaurants does the island have? Where are many of the finest restaurants located on the island? What do the French call snack restaurants? Creole cuisine tends to be what? What type of events does the island host throughout the year? How often is the Transat AG2R Race held? Where does the Transat AG2R Race start? How long are the boats? How long are the boats? How many sailors are on each boat? What side of the island is Gustaf III Airport located on? What type of aircraft does Gustaf III Airport serve? What airport acts as a hub, providing connecting flights with regional carriers to St. Barthélemy? Where is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner? What is the name of the airport on the north coast of the island? What country is Saint-Barthélemy an overseas collectivity of? What is the official name of the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy? In what language is Saint Barts often abbreviated to St. Barts or St. Barths? What do the indigenous people of the island call it? What direction is Puerto Rico from the Greater Antilles? What type of island is Saint Barthélemy? What is the estimated population of Saint Barthélemy? What is the capital of Norfolk Island? What is the only Caribbean island that was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time? During what season is the island a popular tourist destination? Saint Barthélemy was a French commune forming part of what overseas region? When did island residents seek separation from Guadeloupe? In what year did the island finally separate from Guadeloupe? What is the current name of the Hotel de Ville? Who represents the island in Paris? What bay has a 4 fathoms patch near the mid entrance? What type of anchorage does Grande Saline Bay provide? What is a visible coral reef? In what kind of water are reefs usually found? Some offshore reefs are part of what? How many public beaches are on Saint Barthélémy? What are most beaches on St Barthélémy known as? Which side of the island has calm waters protected by the island itself? What side of the island is protected by hills and reefs? What sport is popular on the windward beaches? What is the climate like in Namibia? How many square kilometers is the island? How many millimeters of rain does Namibia get on average? What is the rainy season? What is the lowest temperature ever recorded? When did the British invade the harbour town? When did the Swedes add to the architectural beauty of the town? What was the port known as before? What did the Swedes rename it as? What war took place in the 18th century? What is another name for Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy? What is another name for Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy? What is another name for the "Wall House"? What is the name of the British occupation of Norfolk Island? What type of houses are on display? In modern molecular biology and genetics, what is the genetic material of an organism called? What does DNA consist of? What does DNA consist of in RNA viruses? Who created the term "botany"? When was the term "botany" created? Where was Hans Winkler a professor of botany? Along with biome and rhizome, what is an example of a related -ome word? How many chromosomes does the gamete have in a somatic cell? The halving of the genetic material in gametes is accomplished by the segregation of homologous chromosomes during what? What organelles contain genes? What is the study of the global properties of genomes of related organisms called? What does genetics study? What does it mean to say that the genome of a sexually reproducing species has been sequenced? What is the observation between the number of base pairs and the number of genes called? What is the cause of trichomoniasis? What is the highest known number of genes for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis? How many times more genes are in the human genome? Who was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of the viral RNA-genome? What was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome? Who completed the first DNA-genome sequence? What institute was founded in 1995? When was the first genome sequence for an archaeon completed? What organization maintains one of several comprehensive databases of genomic information? What species of mouse was sequenced? What type of fish was sequenced? When was the genome of the Neanderthal sequenced? How old was the Neanderthal found in a Siberian cave? What has opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool? Who pioneered personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool? Who discovered the structure of DNA? What did James D. Watson discover? What lists the order of every DNA base in a genome? What project was organized to map and sequence the human genome? Who released a detailed genomic map? Where was Jean Weissenbach's Genoscope located? What is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome? What can scientists learn about a genome by comparing it to other genomes? What are prokaryotes? What organization of protein coding genes does eukaryotes have? In what two organisms is the major part of the genome composed of repetitive DNA? What is sequencing the genome of an auxiliary material carried in plasmids? What is a biological entity that is more complex than a virus? What is carried in auxiliary material? Along with plants and protozoa, what is an example of an eukaryote? What is the DNA found within the chloroplast referred to as? What is the name of a mitochondrial genome? What is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome? What is positively correlated with genome size among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes? What type of DNA acts on genomes? What is being studied for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms? The work is both in vivo and what? What type of DNA is generally non-repetitive? What is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size? The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by what? What is an example of a prokaryote that only has non-repetitive DNA? What eukaryotes possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA? What percentage of DNA in plants and amphibians is non-repetitive? What are the two categories of repetitive DNA in a genome? What is calculated by dividing length of repetitive DNA by genome size? What is caused by slippage during replication? What are forms of tandem repeats in the genome? What is the largest proportion of interspersed repeats in a mammalian genome? What is able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell? What is believed to be an important driving force in the evolution of higher eukaryotes? What is Class 1 of TEs? What type of transposons are in Class 2? What are retrotransposons transcribed into? How do DNA transposons move in the genome? What do Class 2 TEs not use as an intermediate? What is another term for chromosome number? Genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content are traits that researchers compare to determine what? What plays a major role in shaping the genome? Duplications are fundamental to the creation of what? What is invoked to explain extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related? What type of organism seems to have a high rate of horizontal gene transfer? What genes did eukaryotic cells transfer to nuclear chromosomes? What is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude? What type of school system restricts admission on the basis of selection criteria? Where were comprehensive schools introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s? What percentage of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools? What German public high school is similar to the American public high school? What subjects were less common or non-existent in grammar schools? What institutions provide post-16 education? What government initiatives have made the comprehensive ideal less certain? How many selective grammar schools are still in operation? When were comprehensive schools introduced in England and Wales? What were comprehensive schools conceived as? Along with the Academies Programme and University Technical Colleges, what is another education reform that will no doubt have an impact on the comprehensive ideal? When did Finland start using comprehensive schools? What is the age range of peruskoulu? What type of school is the Gesamtschule? What kind of classes are offered for students who aren't doing well? Along with the Hauptschulabschluss and the Realschulabschluss, what is another name for a student's graduation? What percentage of students in the State of Brandenburg attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What percentage of students in the State of Bavaria attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What is the name of the comprehensive school in Hamburg? What is the name of the comprehensive school in Berlin? When did Hauptschulen merge with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen? What kind of classes are not required? What is the abbreviation for the Hauptschulabschluss? What does not exist in some States of Germany? What have comprehensive schools been accused of? Who is the Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia? Who stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government? What is Barbara Sommer's political affiliation? What group did Sigrid Beer belong to? What class of students might be put at risk in a school? What class are working class students attending a comprehensive compared to? What type of school do the poorest students attend? Who did a study that showed that comprehensive schools did not help working class students? What type of system is the tripartite system a part of? When did Gibraltar open its first comprehensive school? In what form can students continue to take their A-levels? What may students continue into the sixth form to complete? When were comprehensive schools introduced in Ireland? Who was the Minister for Education in Ireland in 1966? What was the only system of schools completely controlled by the state of Ireland in 1966? What concept replaced the comprehensive school system? In what decade did the secular community model replace comprehensive schools? Who owns the school property? What did the introduction of the community school model remove? What are amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model? In what year was Walworth School established? Who set up the Walworth School? What was the name of the early comprehensive school in Anglesey? In what year did Holyhead County School open? What school opened in Coventry in 1954? Who was the Secretary of State of Education in the 1964-1970 Labour government? What position did Anthony Crosland hold in the 1964-1970 Labour government? What type of schools were never widely implemented? Who became Secretary of State for Education in 1970? What type of schools were established under Margaret Thatcher? What political party was Margaret Thatcher in? By what year had the majority of local authorities in England and Wales abandoned the 11+ examination and moved to a comprehensive system? What type of schools were formed as a result of the amalgamation of secondary modern schools and grammar schools? What type of schools did Sandwell and Dudley change their secondary schools to? What type of schools did Sandwell and Dudley change their schools to? Who launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system? What is the most common type of state secondary school in England? What party was James Callaghan? What act gave parents the right to choose which school their child should attend? When was the Education Reform Act passed? What is government policy currently promoting? What has this logic underpinned? What type of education does Scotland offer? What type of schools did the Scottish Government reject in 2005? What year did the Scottish Government reject plans for specialist schools? What other United Kingdom country has a system of education similar to Northern Ireland's? Along with England, what country has a similar system of education to Northern Ireland? What is the French name for the Republic of the Congo? What country is to the northeast of Cameroon? What country borders Gabon to the west? What country is to the northwest of Guinea-Bissau? Where is the Republic of the Congo located? What language did the Bantu speaking tribes speak? When did the Republic of the Congo become independent? Who has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years? Who has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years? Where was the Republic of Congo ranked as an oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea? What did the Republic of Congo have an unequal distribution of? Who were the earliest inhabitants of the region? When did the Pygmy people arrive in the Bantu region? Who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions? Who reached the mouth of the Congo? What language is spoken in Portugal? What did European merchants trade with the Bantu kingdoms? When did European colonization of the Congo river delta begin? What societies were eroding in the Congo River Delta? When did the area north of the Congo River come under French sovereignty? Whose actions resulted in the area north of the Congo River coming under French sovereignty? What did the Congo Colony become known as in 1903? What does AEF stand for? How many lives were lost during construction of the Congo-Ocean Railroad? What did Brazzaville function as during the Nazi occupation of France? In what year was the Brazzaville Conference held? In what year was the Fourth Republic established? What was the name of the Fourth Republic? When was the Fifth Republic established? What did each of the AEF's constituent parts become within the French Community? What was the new name of the Republic of the Congo? When was the Republic of Congo's first constitution published? When did the Republic of the Congo receive full independence from France? Who was the country's first president? Who was the head of the civilian provisional government? What caused Youlou to be ousted? Who installed a civilian provisional government? Who was elected President in 1963? What was the name of the country's constitutional ideology? Who did Massamba-Débat invite into Guinea-Bissau to train his party's militia? When did Massamba-Débat's regime end? Who assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968? What was the name of Congo's first people's republic? What was the new name of the National Revolutionary Movement? In what year was Ngouabi assassinated? When was Ngouabi assassinated? What country did Nguesso align with? What country did Sassou Nguesso align with? What did Sassou rely on to maintain power? What type of repression did Sassou rely on less? Who was Congo's first elected president? What organization backed Lissouba's economic reforms? When did civil war break out in Congo? What does ESAF stand for? Who started fighting in the civil war? What was the name of Sassou's private militia? What country invaded Congo to install Sassou in power? When did the Angolan socialist regime invade Congo? Who advised his supporters to boycott the elections? How long was the president's term extended to? When was the new constitution agreed upon? When was a peace treaty signed to end the conflict? Who won the presidential election in July 2009? What is the name of the non-governmental organization that monitored the election? According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, what was the turnout of the election? What type of political system does Congo-Brazzaville have? What party does Sassou Nguesso belong to? What is Sassou Nguesso's party called in French? What type of revelations have hit Sassou's regime? In what country were 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties found? When did Sassou Nguesso announce that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution? How many consecutive terms did Nguesso run for? Who owned the main media in 2008? How many government-owned television stations are there? How many small private channels are there? Who do many Pygmies belong from birth to? According to the Congolese Human Rights Observatory, how are the Pygmies treated? When did the Congolese parliament adopt a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples? Between what latitudes is Congo located? Between what longitudes is Congo located? What ocean does the island border? What is the name of the country to the southwest of Guinea-Bissau? What country is Cabinda a part of? What is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo? What river is Brazzaville located on? What is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo? What is the capital of Kinshasa? What type of plain is the southwest of Burma? What is the primary drainage for the southwest of the country? What is the interior of the country? What is under increasing exploitation pressure? Where is the country of Guinea-Bissau located? What is the average day temperature in Equatorial Guinea-Bissau? What is the average night temperature in Namibia? When is the dry season in Namibia? What organization studied gorillas in the Oueso district? Where was the Ouesso district located? What has kept the gorillas isolated from humans? What has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy? What is the government characterized by? Petroleum extraction has supplanted what as the mainstay of the economy? What percentage of the GDP did the oil sector account for in 2008? What percentage of exports did the oil sector account for? What type of projects did the government finance in the 1980s? What was Ghana's GDP growth rate in the early 1980s? How much was the devaluation of Franc Zone currencies? How much inflation did the devaluation of Franc Zone currencies cause in 1994? What caused the reform program to come to a halt? What caused a resumption of armed conflict in December 1998? When did the resumption of armed conflict occur? What economic problems does the current administration face? Along with natural gas, what is a recent major export of Congo? When was Congo re-admitted to the Kimberley Process? Along with gold, iron and phosphate, what mineral deposit remains untapped in the Republic of the Congo? What does OHADA stand for? How much land did the Congolese government lease to South African farmers? Along with land, air and water, what type of transportation is used in the Republic of the Congo? When was the country's rail system built? What European city does Maya-Maya Airport connect to via Pointe Noire Airport? What ocean does Congo have a large port on? Where is the Republic of the Congo's population concentrated? How long is the railway that connects Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire? How many spoken languages does Ethnologue recognize in the Republic of Congo? What is the largest ethnic group in Namibia? What percentage of the Brazzaville population is Boulangui? What percentage of the Brazzaville population is Boulangui? How many Europeans lived in Congo before the 1997 war? Most Europeans and other non-Africans were what nationality? How many American expatriates reside in the Congo? What religion makes up the majority of the people of Republic of the Congo? What percentage of the Republic of the Congo is Awakening Lutherans? What percentage of the Republic of the Congo is Protestant? What percentage of the population is Muslim? What is the main reason for the influx of muslims? What percentage of the GDP was spent on public expenditures in 2004? What was the HIV/AIDS prevalence among 15- to 49-year-olds? What was the per capita health expenditure in 2004? What percentage of the GDP was public expenditure health in 2004? What was the maternal mortality rate as of 2010? What type of mutilation is rare in Burma? What was the infant mortality rate as of 2010? What is the minimum age for public schooling? What was the net primary enrollment rate in 2005? What do pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school earn? Instruction at all levels is in what language? What branch of government is a prime minister in? What is the most senior minister in the executive branch of government? What is the official who is appointed to manage in a semi-presidential system? What system was the Westminster system modeled after? What type of position is held by the head of state? What is the prime minister expected to ensure? What is the term for executive powers that are constitutionally vested in the crown? What body is the prime minister usually a member of? Along with First Lord of the Treasury, what title does the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom hold? Winston Churchill was also what during World War II? In what year was Cardinal Richelieu named to head the royal council? Who was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France in 1625? What country was Cardinal Richelieu named to head the royal council? Who tried to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers? In what century did members of parliament disparagely use the title of Sir Robert Walpole? Who did members of parliament disparagely use the title "prime minister" to refer to? Who was Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I? Who was Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I? Who was Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I? The power of the ministers depended on the personal favor of who? The power of the ministers depended on the personal favor of who? What two Tory ministers shared power during Anne's reign? Who was driven into exile when they lost favor with the monarch? In what year was the Glorious Revolution? In what year was the Bill of Rights passed? The House of Commons became a part of what government? Who was the next in line for the throne after Anne's death? In what year did Anne die? Where did George spend most of his time? How long was Robert Walpole in office? What political party was Robert Walpole? What was the name of the doctrine of cabinet solidarity? What did Walpole require all ministers to do if they didn't defend a policy in public? Who said "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."? Who denied that Walpole was a prime minister? Who made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch? Who first referred to the title on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli? When did the title appear in the British Order of Precedence? What type of government did most countries have a prime minister under? Who is Bahrain's longest serving non-elected prime minister? When did Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah become Prime Minister of Bahrain? What country does Bahrain belong to? What is an example of a parliamentary republic in which the head of state is elected? What is an example of a parliamentary republic in which the head of state is elected? Who appoints the premier of Taiwan? What is another name for the Premier of the Republic of China? Who approves the prime minister? What is a state of affairs called when it arises? What can the parliament force if it is not satisfied with the appointment of the prime minister? What document outlines the appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister? What process is outlined in the constitution for the Prime Minister? The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below what? What is the pinyin for "Premier"? What act added reference to a Prime Minister of Canada? When was a reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" added to the Constitution Act? What is the only reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" in the Constitution Act, 1982? What document outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister? When did it first appear in official documents? Who was the last Chancellor of the Exchequer? When was the last Chancellor of the Exchequer? Who was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion? In what year was Margaret Thatcher appointed Prime Minister? When did Elizabeth leave office? How did Elizabeth reshuffle her cabinet? Who is formally 'nominated' after every general election? Who is the prime minister usually chosen from? When is the Irish Taoiseach formally renominated? In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of which house of parliament? What does a small minority of parliaments do to make the cabinet responsible to both houses? What do most constitutional systems require when a party loses a vote of confidence? Who may refuse parliamentary dissolution? What happens if a head of state refuses parliamentary dissolution? Who must resign if a head of state refuses to dissolve parliament? When did the prime minister of the United Kingdom request the dissolution of parliament? In what year did the modern Irish constitution grant the Taoiseach the right to make requests? Who did the 1922 Irish Free State Constitution give the power to the Taoiseach? Where is this power usually vested in older constitutions? What would happen if the Prime Minister of Australia lost the support of his or her party? What is the Russian prime minister called? What does Rosh HaMemshalah mean? What is the official title of the Spanish Prime Minister? What is the Irish prime minister called? In Italy, what is the president of the council of ministers called? What is the official title of the prime minister in Scandinavian countries? What is the equivalent term of "prime minister" sometimes modified to? Which two countries have heads of government titles that are almost always translated as Chancellor? What is the official title of Monaco's head of government? What is the official title of the head of government of Vatican City? Who is not a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran? What type of countries may the prime minister be entitled to the style of Excellency? What is the name of the style of Honour given to former prime ministers? What is the name of the Royal Privy Council? What country's Prime Minister is styled Right Honourable? What type of government is in place in the UK? What are the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments called? What is the name of the Prime Minister of India? What does "Grand Vizier" mean in Pakistani? What does Wazir-e-Azam mean? What is the name of the Prime Minister's executive office? What is the Cabinet Office called in Canada? What abbreviation is often used to refer to an institute of technology? When did the English term polytechnic appear? What is the French name for polytechnic? What language does the French term come from? What term is synonymous with "institute of technology"? What was the name of the world's first institution of technology? When did institutes of technology and polytechnics become popular? What was the original name of the Braunschweig University of Technology? When was École Polytechnique founded? What are institutes of technology and polytechnics? What year were UK Polytechnics designated as universities? What is the name of the University of Westminster? Where was the Royal Polytechnic Institution founded? What type of institutions of higher learning used to have quite different statute among each other, its teaching competences and organizational history? What was a common name for a new university? What system did they belong to? What is another name for technical and further education? What institution was rebranded and repositioned in 2014? In what year did the old college system end in Tasmania? How many designated Universities of Technology are in Australia? What is a German type of tertiary education institution? What types of degrees do they grant? What has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas? What process is the Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel undergoing? How many former institutes of technology have become universities in the Netherlands? How many Technical Universities are in Delft, Eindhoven and Enschede? Where are Institutes of Technology/Polytechnic Institutes located? What type of schools offer instruction in a variety of programs that can lead to engineering and applied science degrees? Where are École de technologie supérieure and École Polytechnique de Montréal located? What source of funding does higher education in Canada use for research? What is the name of the national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology? What do some of Canada's most esteemed colleges and polytechnics partake in? When did China's modern higher education begin? At what university were liberal arts offered for the first time? What percentage of China's elite universities are essentially polytechnic? When was the law about polytechnic education passed in Croatia? What institute monitors the country's seismic, tectonic, and volcanic activity? What is one of the oldest observatories in South America? Who manages the Quito Astronomical Observatory? What year was Quito founded? What is the name of the only nuclear science department in Ecuador? What is the mission of the NSF? How many students has the Institute secured financial and material support for? What French university is similar in prestige to Technische Universität of Germany? How many credits are required for the M.Sc. How many credits are required from a normal university? In what country are polytechnic schools distinct from academic universities? What term did some Finnish universities change to "university of applied sciences"? What is the Swedish alternative to Ammattikorkeakoulu? What type of curricula does a college offer? What does IUT stand for? What is the abbreviation for Institut universitaire de technologie? What is a type of institution called in the German-speaking part of Switzerland? What is another term for Écoles Polytechniques? When was the French education system set? What is the name of the school in Brazil? When were the first Fachhochschules founded? What do they focus more on than research? Along with social science, medicine, and design, what subject might be offered at a college? What is the abbreviation for Technische Universität? What do these institutions focus on? What is the name of the faculty of medicine at RWTH Aachen? How many largest and most renowned Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed TU9? How many universities of technology are in Germany? How many universities of technology are in Germany? What state does not have a Technische Universität? What is the name of the joint venture between TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University Hanover? What act created the Technological Educational Institute? What is the name of the first polytechnic in Hong Kong? What was the name of the Government Trade School before 1947? When was the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong founded? What is the name of the university founded in 1991? When were the two polytechnics granted university status? What metal was mined at the Berg-Schola? In what year was the Berg-Schola established? Who established the Berg-Schola? How many autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology are there? How many National Institutes of Technology are Government Institutions? What is the name of the Authority over technical education in India? What is a specific academic award usually awarded in technical or vocational courses? How many public institutes of technology are owned by the government of Indonesia? How many years does it take to earn a Diploma at Politeknik? What does RTC stand for? What institution developed separately from the Regional Technical College system? What does Politecnico mean? How many Politecnici were there historically? Where is the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia headquartered? What was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty? What does an institute of technology specialize in? In what country is Polytechnics located? Who helped establish the UNESCO Centre? Where is Politeknik Ungku Omar located? How many polytechnics are in Malaysia? How many students attended polytechnics in Malaysia in 2009? How many students attended polytechnics in Malaysia in 2012? What is the name of the technical university in Mauritius? What is the focus of the mission? What is considered a state-owned tertiary institution in New Zealand? What does UCOL stand for? When were New Zealand polytechnics established? What university did Wellington Polytechnic merge with? When did New Zealand's tertiary education system begin to consolidate? What did the Central Institute of Technology explore combining with the Waikato Institute of Technology? Where is Waiarapa Polytechnic located? What is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to university status? What grade are students admitted to the diploma program based on? What is the main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes? How many years does a Polytechnic diploma last? What is the lateral entry to engineering degree courses called? What is the international high school certificate known as in Pakistan? What is the main kind of technical university name in Poland? What were short-cycle degrees known as? What was the name of the process that allowed universities to offer master's degrees? What is the name of a centralized institute? How many polytechnics are in Singapore? How many years are required to earn a diploma at a Polytechnic? Who founded the Banská Akadémia? When was the Banská Akadémia founded? What two metals were to be trained at the Banská Akadémia? When did teaching begin? What are university buildings used for? What is another name for polytechnics? When did Technikons have the power to award technology degrees? When did former Technikons merge with traditional Universities? What type of colleges did most of Thailand's technology institutes come from? What did Thai technical colleges not grant in the past? What was developed from Pathumwan Technical School? What is the former name of King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi? What was the former name of Rajamangala University of Technology? What is the name of the engineering school of Thammasat University? What is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand? When was Suranaree University of Technology established? What is the most well known private technological institute in Thailand? What is the name of the technical university founded in Bursa in 2010? How many technical universities are about to open in Konya? What were the names of the 2 universities opened in the 1950s? What year did UK Polytechnics begin operating under the binary system? What organization validates polytechnic degrees at the national level? What were the comparable institutions in Scotland referred to as? What was the original name of Britain's first Polytechnic? How many "Institutes of Science and Technology" were there? What was the name of Loughborough University from 1966 to 1996? In what decade did universities become able to award their own degrees? What act gave Polytechnics university status? What organization oversees Polytechnics? What are technical institutes designated as if they are associated with a local university? When were schools called "technical institute" or "technical school" formed? In addition to high school, what type of education did technical institutes provide? When was the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? What is another name for Massachusetts Institute of Technology? What was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy? When were institutes of technology developed in Venezuela? What is the capital city of Venezuela? Who adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie"'s system? The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of what? Who created the Wayback Machine? Where is the Internet Archive based? Who set up the website? What does the archive call a "three dimensional index?" What operating system do the nodes run on? When do they archive a new version of a site? What is their grand vision? What was the name of the animated series that inspired the name of the Wayback Machine? Who used a time machine in Peabody's Improbable History? What machine is used to witness, participate in, and, more often than not, alter famous events in history? When did Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat develop software to crawl and download all publicly accessible web pages? What does not include all the information available on the internet? What standard do crawlers respect? Archive-It.org was developed in what year? How long was the database kept? Who was allowed to tap into the clunky database? When was the archive unveiled and opened to the public? Where was the archive unveiled? How long does it usually take for snapshots to become available? How long can it take for snapshots to become available after they are archived? What is the frequency of snapshots? When did sites have to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included? Who was the director of the Internet Archive in November 2010? When did Jeff Kaplan say that sites were still being archived? How many petabytes of data did the Wayback Machine contain as of 2009? What was the growth rate of the Wayback Machine in 2003? What is the name of the rack system in which the data is stored? Who manufactures the PetaBox rack systems? When did the Internet Archive migrate its storage architecture to Sun Open Storage? What storage system did the Internet Archive migrate to in 2009? Where is the Sun Modular Datacenter located? In what year was a new version of the Wayback Machine made available for public testing? When was it said that the Beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials? What year is the index driving the classic Wayback Machine only a little bit of material from? What year was the Beta of the new Wayback Machine said to have a more complete and up-to-date index? What is the name of the feature that allows users to archive a URL? When was the "Save a Page" feature announced? In what year did Chordiant file a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file? Who filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file? What file did Chordiant want Netbula to disable? What organization did Netbula feel they should have asked for the pages of their web site? What organization filed a sworn statement supporting the motion? What was the name of the judge who rejected Netbula's arguments? What division of the Northern District of California rejected Netbula's arguments? What did Judge Lloyd order Netbula to disable temporarily? What is the provider of TVP Polonia? EchoStar operates what network? Who rejected Telewizja Polska's assertion of hearsay? Who was the trial judge? What is an example of when a date is used to determine if a Web page is available as prior art? What additional requirements must be met for the acceptance of date stamps from the Internet Archive? What are the limitations to archiving a web site? Screen shots of web pages that are not exposed can contain what? What do archives like the Wayback Machine not fill out? What type of database does the Wayback Machine not archive? What could the Wayback Machine be interpreted as violating in Europe? What would the Archive have to do upon a request from the creator? What section of the site contains the exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine? What was removed from the Wayback Machine? What did the error message say was the cause of the error? What religion's lawyers demanded the removal of content from the site? Who defended a client from a trademark dispute? What was the name of the plaintiff? What organization did Healthcare Advocates accuse of copyright infringement? What laws did the plaintiffs accuse the Internet Archive of violating? What is the Robots Exclusion Standard? What is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard? What is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard? What does Internet Archive do when a website owner contacts them and asks them to stop doing what? Who did Suzanne Shelllethor file a lawsuit against? What was the name of Shell's web site? Where was the declaratory judgment action filed? What state's district court dismissed all counterclaims except for breach of contract? On what date did Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell announce a settlement? What was the name of the organization that settled the lawsuit with Shell? Who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit against the Internet Archive? What type of requests did the pornographic actor send to the Archive? In what court was the pornographic actor tried to remove images of himself? What is another name for the United Provinces? When did the Dutch Republic end? What is the modern name of the Kingdom of the Netherlands? Along with the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, what country was part of the Low Countries? What county was under the control of the Kingdom of France? What House ruled the Low Countries after the House of Burgundy? Who issued the Pragmatic Sanction? When did the Netherlands revolt against Philip II? Why did the Dutch revolt against Philip II? In what year did the northern provinces of the Low Countries sign the Union of Utrecht? In what year did the northern provinces of the Low Countries sign the Union of Utrecht? What was the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II called? When was the Act of Abjuration? What did the northern provinces of the Low Countries promise to do? When did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them? In what year did the Duke of Anjou leave the Netherlands? When was William of Orange assassinated? Who declined the offer of sovereignty after William of Orange was assassinated? In what year did the provinces become a confederacy? When was the Batavian Republic created? Where did the republican forces flee to? What republic was created in 1783-1795? When did the Netherlands regain independence from France? What names were used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814? Along with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Liège, what province was rejoined with the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815? What era began in the late 16th century? What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world? When was the oldest stock exchange in the world founded? What city has the oldest bourse in the Netherlands? How many cities did the first stock exchange go public? What city is recognized as the oldest such institution based on modern trading principles? When did the Dutch possess one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world? Along with the Indian Ocean, where did the Dutch trade slaves? Where did the Dutch break the Portuguese sphere of influence? How many provinces were in the republic? What is another name for the States General? How many provinces were represented in the States General? What was the name of the eighth province? Why was the County of Drenthe exempt from paying federal taxes? What is the meaning of raadspensionaris? Who commanded the army in times of war? Who commanded the army in times of war? Who were stadtholders appointed by? Who was the first prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau? What country had the same stadtholder as Holland? Who supported the stadtholders and specifically the princes of Orange? Who hoped to replace the semi-hereditary nature of the stadtholdership with a true republican structure? When were several border territories assigned to the United Provinces? What type of government were the Generality Lands? What is the present name of the state of Brabant? Who controlled the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company? Which two provinces initiated shipping expeditions? Who was influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces? Who wrote Federalist No. 20? What is the Act of Abjuration? When was the Union of Utrecht? What did the Union state that no person should be prosecuted based on? Who was a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion? What church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic? What was the name of the church that a person had to conform to if they wanted to hold public office during the Republic? What factors influenced the extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted? What was a punishment for opening up one's home to a skilled trade? What was one factor in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe? What was the main topic of controversy within the Reformed Church during the first years of the Republic? What is another name for the struggle between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants? In what year was the Remonstrant faith banned? When did the situation change from more or less active persecution of religious services to restricted toleration of other religions? Where did the toleration of other religions take place? What language does'symbiosis' come from? What did the word symbiosis describe? What was the nationality of Heinrich Anton de Bary? How long has the debate about the definition of symbiosis lasted? What does it mean when two symbionts completely depend on each other for survival? What does facultative mean? What type of symbionts cannot live on their own? What is an example of an ectosymbiotic relationship? What is symbiosis in which the organisms are not in union called? What is the name of the symbiotic relationship where one partner lives inside the other? What do bacterial endosymbionts provide to insects? What nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in alder tree root nodules? What type of bacteria lives in alder tree root nodules? What attaches itself to the jaw of baleen whales? What is an example of an ectoparasite? What is another name for ectosymbiosis? What is mutualism? What type of interactions are considered symbiotic? What does a large percentage of herbivores have that helps them digest plant matter? What is the result of mutualisms between coral organisms and various types of algae that live inside them? What do mutualisms between plants fix? What helps extract water and minerals from the ground? What type of fish lives among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones? What protects the clownfish from stinging tentacles? What is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish and the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones? What type of fish sometimes lives with shrimp? What part of the goby fish touches the shrimp to warn it of danger? What type of symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs? When were the worms discovered? What is the purpose of the worm's internal symbionts? Where were the worms discovered? What does the host cell lack during mutualistic symbioses? What does the host produce to help the endosymbiont grow? What is heredity? What is one of the biggest changes caused by the endosymbiont adapting to the host's lifestyle? What is it called when endosymbiotic bacteria cannot reinstate its wild type phenotype? What was lacking in the rich environment of the host? What language does the word "commensa" come from? What describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped? What is it called when an organism uses another organism for housing? What is it called when an organism uses something another created after its death? What is it called when an organism uses another organism for transportation? What is a relationship in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed? What is it called when parasites kill their host? What is it called when parasites rely on their host's survival? How many animals have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles? What is an example of a biotrophic relationship? What is the type of relationship where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected? What are the two types of amensalism? What is the other type of amensalism? What is the name of the substance that Juglans nigra secretes? What type of interactions have been observed between the Spanish ibex and weevils? What do Spanish ibex and weevils feed upon? What is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other? What is a rare type of symbiosis? What is the end result of the interaction? What is synnecrosis in nature? Why do bees inflict pain on themselves? What theory states that the evolution of all eukaryotes resulted from a symbiosis between various sorts of bacteria? What are examples of eukaryotes? What is Lynn Margulis famous for? Who said "Life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking?" What played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them? Insects evolved specialized morphologies to access what rich food sources? In some taxa of plants and insects the relationship has become what? What is another name for the Canadian Armed Forces? What is the name of the act that creates the Canadian Armed Forces? Who are the Canadian Forces the armed forces of? What is another name for the Canadian Forces? How many sub-components does the Reserve Force have? What act separates the Canadian Armed Forces from the Department of National Defence? Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces? Who represents Queen Elizabeth II? Who leads the Canadian Armed Forces? Who advises and assists the Chief of Defence Staff? During what war was Canada concerned with the security of Europe? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? When were Canadian ground and air forces based in Europe? When did the Canadian ground and air forces leave Europe? What does NATO stand for? What has the Canadian military become more deeply involved in since the end of the Cold War? What country has the Canadian military been involved in security operations in since 2002? Since what year has the Canadian military been involved in security operations in Afghanistan? NATO has moved much of its defence focus where? What is the name of the Canadian defence strategy? When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced? How many core missions does the Canadian military have? How many core missions does the Canadian military have? What does the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to through participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums? What is one way the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to defence diplomacy? What is an example of a bilateral military forum? What type of training does the Canadian Armed Forces provide? What is one way the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy? When was Confederation? Who were regular members of the Canadian military before Confederation? Along with Aboriginal peoples and American forces, who attacked the British Isles? What was the name of the American war? Who invaded British North America in the 19th century? Who was responsible for military command in North America? Where was the commander-in-chief for North America stationed? When did the British Army and Royal Navy units leave Halifax? What was the name of the department that organised the Militia? When was the Canadian Army first referred to as the Canadian Army? When was the first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces? Who was in charge of the Canadian military during the Second Boer War? When did the United Kingdom enter into conflict with Germany? What war did the Canadian Crown-in-Council send troops into? Along with the Second World War, in what war did Canada send troops? How many international operations have Canadian military units participated in? How many international operations have Canadian military units participated in? Along with the Cold War, First Gulf War, and Kosovo War, in what war did Canada participate? What type of operations did Canada participate in? What country maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970? What is another name for the Normandy Landings? What did the Canadians do in the Battle of the Atlantic? The Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, and the Battle of Passchendaele are examples of notable Canadian battles. What country fought in the Battle of Medak Pocket? What was the largest volunteer army ever fielded? What event caused new data to show Canada's navy was not the third largest in the world? What country had the third largest navy in the world prior to the fall of the Soviet Union? When did the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force merge into a unified structure? The Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into what? Who controlled Canada's military until 1931? When did Canada gain legislative independence from the United Kingdom? What war was fought by the Canadian Corps? What was the original name of the Canadian Armed Forces? When did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name give way to the "Canadian Forces" name? When did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name return? What name replaced the "Canadian Armed Forces" in the 1980s? What did the Land Forces support? What year did the ISAF leave Afghanistan? What is another name for the United Nations International Security Assistance Force? Who requested the deployment of the ISAF? What type of operations did the Land Forces support? How much money is allocated to the US Armed Forces each year? Where does the US Armed Forces rank in terms of size compared to the world's other armed forces? What is the total force of the US Armed Forces? When is the number of primary reserve personnel expected to go up to 30,000? What would the total strength be if this happened? What was the name of the 2008 effort to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? What did the Canada First Defence Strategy do to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? What was Walter Natynczyk concerned about? Along with main battle tanks, artillery and unmanned air vehicles, what type of equipment was acquired in 2006? What is the name of the air force's medium range transport aircraft fleet? What type of helicopters have been acquired for the US Armed Forces? In what year did the US Army purchase equipment to support its mission in Afghanistan? Along with medicine, communication, logistics and administration, what was a possible career for a woman in the 1950s? When did the roles of women in the CAF begin to expand? What is an example of a non-traditional job for a woman in the CAF? What did the Department of Defense do as a result of the reviews? Along with the Canadian Human Rights Act, what legislation did Parliament pass in 1985? What occupations were still closed to women in 1987? When did the Minister of National Defence create an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? Who created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? What were the trials called? When were all military occupations open to women? What military occupation was not open to women in 1989? What percentage did the introduction of women into combat arms increase? Whose government allowed women to be fully integrated in all occupations and roles? What must all equipment be suitable for? What are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection as their male colleagues? What are women provided with an annual financial entitlement for? Where does it begin? What determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign? What is the title of viceroy in Canada? What falls within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council? Who must sign Orders in Council? The prime minister and minister of national defence are accountable to whom? How many members are in the Armed Forces? Who is the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Canadian Armed Forces? Who appoints the Chief of Defence Staff? Where is the National Defence Headquarters located? Who are the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, and the Royal Canadian Air Force? How many Canadian Forces bases does Canada have? Where is the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School located? Where do both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training? How many fleets does the Royal Canadian Navy have? Where is Maritime Forces Atlantic located? What does NAVRESHQ stand for? What type of exercises does the RCN participate in? Who heads the Canadian Army? How many divisions does the Canadian Army have? What are the names of the four divisions of the Canadian Army? What is the name of the fifth division of the Canadian Army? What is the name of the fifth division of the Canadian Army? How many field-ready brigade groups does the Regular Force have? How many field-ready brigade groups does the Regular Force consist of? What type of squadron is co-located with each brigade? Along with a tactical helicopter squadron, what type of unit is located with each brigade? Along with CFB Gagetown and CFB Wainwright, what is a major training and support facility? Who is the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force? Where is the commander of 1 Canadian Air Division based? How many wings does the 1 Canadian Air Division have? Who is the tactical commander of a wing? Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador are examples of what province? Where are administrative and command and control facilities located? Where is the NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen located? What is the name of the Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force? Along with Nova Scotia, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, where is a major air base located? What is another name for the Joint Task Force (North)? What does the Joint Task Force (North) and RCAF maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region? What is the chain of forward operating locations capable of supporting? What type of squadrons regularly deploy to Alaskan airports? What kind of patrols do CF-18s perform? When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established? The Canadian Joint Operations Command is a merger of what three elements? The new command was created as a response to what? What does CANSOFCOM stand for? What does CANSOFCOM stand for? What organization does the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command support? Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based? What is another name for the Special Operations Aviation Squadron? What is the Information Management Group responsible for? Where is the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group headquartered? What is the purpose of the CAF Cyber Task Force? When was the Directorate of Cybernetics established? What does DG Cyber stand for? Who does the Health Services Group provide health services to? What is the name of the Canadian Joint Task Force? Who is responsible for domestic support and force generation? When can the Canadian Armed Forces reserve force be called upon? What is the name of the reserve force of the Canadian Armed Forces? Who is usually a major general or rear admiral? What does NAVRES stand for? What does COATS stand for? How old are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement? What branch of the USAF are the majority of COATS members from? What is another name for the Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List? What do the Canadian Rangers provide? Where do the Canadian Rangers patrol? What does Canada use to exercise sovereignty over its northern territory? What is the purpose of the Canadian Rangers? What type of dress is appropriate for the CAF? Along with gloves and swords, what is included in the dress code? What is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF? What is authorized for winter wear in cold climates? What type of dress does the navy and some other units have for very specific occasions? What are some of the authorized headdresses for the Canadian Armed Forces? How is each coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn? What is probably the most widely worn headgear? What helmet does the Canadian Army wear? What gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence? In what year was the regular funding for the Canadian military augmented? Who were the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees? What type of dioceses were cardinals from outside Rome linked with? What term was used to refer to a priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church? In what century was the term tituli first used? What is another word for "parishes"? What is the Latin word for "principal"? Who holds an instance of the origin of the title? Who were the first cardinals in Rome? In what century did the Roman cardinals constitute a privileged class? When was a cardinal eligible to become pope? During whose pontificate were cardinals given the right to elect the pope? What document gave cardinals the right to elect the pope? In what year did Pope Innocent IV give the Cardinals the privilege of wearing the red hat? Who granted the Cardinals the privilege of wearing the red hat? What was a mark of honor given to church men in cities other than Rome? In what year did Pope Zacharias apply the title to the priests of Paris? In what year was the title reserved for the cardinals of Rome? Who applied the title to the priests of Paris? In what year did Pope Zacharias apply the title to the priests of Paris? Who reserved the title of cardinal? In what year was the title reserved for the cardinals of Rome? In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? Who was the head of the Ecumenical Council of Trent? In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? Who was the head of the Ecumenical Council of Trent? What temporal rulers had an influence on cardinals? What type of affairs did cardinals often have an important role in? Who was Cardinal Richelieu? Who was Cardinal Richelieu? What was Henry's title? How many cardinal deacons were there under Pope Sixtus V? How many cardinal deacons were there under Pope Sixtus V? Who was the first pope to exceed the limit? What was the maximum number of cardinal electors set by Paul VI? How old must a cardinal be to be considered for conclave? What was the maximum number of cardinal electors set by Paul VI? How many cardinal electors did Paul VI set a maximum of? What type of churches do cardinals take on? Who receives the titular bishopric of Ostia? What is the primary suburbicarian see? In what year did Pope Urban VIII give the title Eminence? Who decreed their title to Eminence? What rank did Eminence equate to? To whom did the Pope and crowned monarchs become secondary? Who decreed their title to Eminence? What is the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English? What is the correct way to refer to a cardinal in English? How do cardinals sign? What is the full title of Oriental Patriarchs? Why do Oriental Patriarchs use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title? What order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon? What order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon? When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope? When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope? Does a see have a right to the cardinalate even if its bishop is a Patriarch? No see carries an actual right to what? Who are the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? What are cardinal bishops? Who are the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? What type of priest was always chosen for the position of pope? Why was the rite of consecrating him a bishop performed by someone who was already a bishop? Who consecrates a Pope who is not yet a bishop? Who consecrates a Pope who is not yet a bishop? How many suburbicarian sees are there? When did Pope Pius X separate Velletri from Ostia? Who separated Velletri and Ostia in 1914? Along with Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri, what is a suburbicarian see? Since what year have cardinal bishops only a titular relationship with suburbicarian sees? What is the name of the apostolic administrator of the see of Rome? Who is the apostolic administrator in Ostia? Since what year have cardinal bishops only a titular relationship with suburbicarian sees? What is the name of the apostolic administrator of the see of Rome? Who is the apostolic administrator in Ostia? What are the cardinals of the Catholic church collectively known as? Who is competent to judge Cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction? What is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal? Who gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring? What was the name of the wide brimmed hat used to be given to new cardinals? In what year was the scarlet biretta discontinued? What was the replacement for the scarlet biretta? What color fascias do Eastern Catholic cardinals wear? What does the blood-like red color of a cardinal's garments symbolize? What is always white? What color is the cardinal's vesture? When was it customary for cardinals to wear a violet or blue cape? What happens if a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal? Who was the first pope to create cardinals without publishing their names? What were lay cardinals allowed to do? In what year did Pope Benedict XV revise the Code of Canon Law? Only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed what? What is an example of a function reserved for bishops? In what year were prominent priests not ordained bishops? When was it possible for someone who was not a priest to become a cardinal? In what year did Pope John XXIII set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops? Who is he supposed to present the information he collects about the financial situation of all administrations dependent on the Holy See to? What is the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals? Where is the Basilica of Saint Peter located? In what year did Pope John Paul I choose not to be crowned? What color dalmatics do cardinal deacons wear? How many cardinals of the order of deacons were there in 2005? How long can a cardinal deacon opt for the order of cardinal priests? What percentage of Italians were there in 1939? What percentage of Italians were there in 1994? How many deacons were in the Papal Household? What are the lowest-ranking cardinals? Who is the longest serving member of the order of cardinal priests? Who is the current cardinal protopriest? Who approves the Dean of the College of Cardinals? What title do Patriarch cardinals not receive? What rank do cardinal deacons hold? What order of cardinals rank below cardinal priests? What is the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church? Who chose the cardinal priests? Where does every cardinal priest have a titular church? In what year was the maximum size of the College of Cardinals set? What was the maximum size of the College of Cardinals in 1587? Who abolished the limit on the number of churches that could be added to the list? What language family does the Indo-Iranian language family belong to? What language family are the Iranian languages a part of? What language family does the Indo-Iranian language family belong to? When did Old Iranian end? What language was spoken in Sassanid Iran? How many Iranian languages are there? From what language does the term Iranian derive? Along with Persian, what language is Arya derived from? When was the term for the Iranian language family introduced? Who introduced the term for the Iranian language family? Who coined the term Irano-Aryan? When did Robert Needham Cust use the term Irano-Aryan? What is the common ancestor of all Iranian languages? Where are the Indo-Iranian languages thought to have originated? What culture is suggested as a candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture? In what year did BC begin? What was common Indo-European's original homeland? Along with southeastern Europe and the Iranian plateau, in what area did the Iranian tribes settle? What must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages? How many languages/dialects have survived direct evidence of? What is the last inscription in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct? When was the Behistun inscription composed? When was the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian? What Old Iranian dialect takes its name from the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion? What is the name of the indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism? What dialect is similar to the Old Avestan dialect? What language is Younger Avestan similar to? What language is Carduchi a precursor to? What did Herodotus call his recording of vocabulary? What groups did the Iranian peoples settle into? Avestan acquired a default assignment to what? What stage of Iranian language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups? Which two consonants belong to the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series? What are the first-series palatal consonants of Proto-Indo-Iranian? What language is spoken in Nuristani? What are the consonant clusters? What is a complication of consonant clusters? What type of groups could have been in existence during this time? What subgroup of Scythian is in the far northwest? What is the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian? When did the "Middle Iranian" era end? What are the two main groups of Middle Iranian languages? What category do Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, and Saka fall under? What language did the Eastern group have some similarity to? What script was used to write Bactrian? What script was Bactrian written in? What was the official language of Iran during the Sasanian dynasty? In what century was the Roman calendar first used? Along with Middle Persian and Sogdian, what language was used by the Manichaeans? What script were Manichean texts written in? What religion conquered Persia? What is the official language of the Iranian court? What dynasty was the first to adopt the new language? When did the Saffarid dynasty adopt the new language? What province did Ibn al-Nadim associate the term "Dari" with? What script was adopted for writing Persian? When did the old middle Persian script begin dwindling in usage? What script was first Latinised in the 1920s? When was the script subsequently Cyrillicized? Who subsequently Cyrillicized the script? What is the name of one of the areas where Arabic was spoken? Along with Bactrian, what Iranian language was replaced by Turkic? When was the core region of Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans taken over? What is the name of the valley that Yaghnobi lives in? What is the only remaining Scythian language in Eastern Europe? What is used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What kind of effects can lighting have on an occupant? What is a major component of energy consumption in buildings? What is one type of light source? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve? What is used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve? What kind of effects can lighting have on an occupant? What is a major component of energy consumption in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? When was fluorescent lighting first available? What type of lighting is often called "pot lights" in Canada? When did fire start in the caves of Peking Man? Along with birds and fish, what animal was used as a lamp in ancient times? What were the earliest forms of artificial lighting? How many years ago were the lamps found in Lascaux? What type of light bulb was powered by electricity? When did gas lighting begin to be used in major cities? What type of crime did more street lights reduce? What comes in a wide variety of styles? What is one of the most important functions of a light holder? How is luminous efficacy measured? What is the daylight temperature of an incandescent bulb? What bulb has a color temperature of 2800 to 3000 Kelvin? What type of appearance do high color temperature lamps have? What part of the visible spectrum does a lower color temperature correspond to? What type of light is produced by a fixture? Who invented track lighting? What type of transformer feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts? What is a modified version of cable lighting? How many volts does a master transformer supply? What is an uplight intended for? What is the most common type of light fixture? What type of lighting is a desk lamp? In what type of venue could general lighting be used? What type of ceiling was popular in the 1960s and 1970s? What type of lighting would you find in a dark nightclub? What is the purpose of small lights in a movie theater? What is replacing low wattage, low voltage lamps in track or translucent tubes? What is another name for a low wattage, low voltage lamp? What is used to light walkways and roadways at night? What type of luminaires are designed to be energy efficient? What can be used to illuminate outdoor playing fields or work zones? What can be used along roadways in urban areas? What can be used outside to illuminate and signal the entrance to a property? What color are the tail and brake lights? What color are the lights in the headlamps? When did automakers begin to use electroluminescent technology? What color are the rear-facing reversing lamps? What does a flashing turn signal on the front, side, and rear of a vehicle indicate? What is a common name for a light bulb? What does a light bulb convert into? How many lumens does a 60 watt incandescent lamp produce? How many lumens does a 15 watt compact fluorescent produce? What is lighting design as it applies to the built environment known as? What is architectural lighting design also known as? What software can help an Architect quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design? What are hand calculations based on? What calculation takes into account the amount of daylight received in an internal space? What type of paint absorbs light, making a room appear smaller and more dim than it is? What type of paint makes a room appear larger and more dim? What is another name for photometric studies? What is prepared so that the lighting operator can control the lights in step with the performance? Motion picture and television production use many of the same tools and methods of what? What SI unit describes luminous intensity? What is the SI unit for luminance? What is the CGS unit of luminance? In what unit is the amount of useful light emitted from a source measured? What is a standardized model of human visual brightness perception? What is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance measured in? What does UGR stand for? What does CCT stand for? What does CRI stand for? What is an indication of a light source's ability to make objects appear natural? What does CCT stand for? What does GAI stand for? What is another name for gamut area index? What does GAI stand for? What type of dosimeter measures light? What is the name of the personal circadian light meter? What is the name of the personal circadian light meter? How many days of data can the Daysimeter gather? What type of light stimulates the circadian system? What is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? What helps to reduce energy usage and cost? What is ZigBee? What is an example of a wireless mesh open standard? What does ZigBee eliminate the need to run? What allows operation for whenever someone is within the area being scanned? What do passive infrared sensors react to? What transmits sound above the range of human hearing? When can no longer be detected, the lights shut off? What is the oldest method of interior lighting? Are daylighting schemes popular or not? What is another name for light emitting diodes? What type of optics can be used to control the light emission of LEDs? What can cause headache frequency, stress, and increased blood pressure? What is an example of a disease that can be alleviated by proper lighting? How many hours does the human circadian system operate? What happens when patterns are disrupted? Who documented a study in 1972 and 1981? What did patients assigned to rooms with windows receive fewer of in nurses' evaluations? What did patients assigned to rooms with windows receive fewer of in nurses' evaluations? Where is Alison Jing Xu an assistant professor of management? What university did Aparna Labroo work for? Who devised a method to distill kerosene from petroleum? In what year was kerosene distilled? What was used for lighting in the 1820s? What is another name for compact fluorescent lamps? How many CFL's are suitable for dimming? What percentage of power does a standard incandescent bulb use? How many hours is the battery's lifetime? How long is the battery's lifetime? What percentage of power do energy saving halogen lamps use? What is a growing problem in response to excess light being given off by numerous signs, houses, and buildings? What creates safety issues around buildings by causing sharp shadows? What can be used if natural light is not present? What is a critical part of the battlefield conditions? What type of cameras are used in modern warfare? What can be used by the military to mark positions? What has eliminated the need for flares? What does CIE stand for? What organization publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments? Along with ANSI, IESNA and ASHRAE, what organization publishes illumination guidelines? What defines the distribution of light released by a specific luminaire? What is the name of the organization that focuses on the advancement of lighting design education? What does PLDA stand for? What was the PLDA formerly known as? What organization offers the Lighting Certification Examination? What organization offers the Lighting Certification Examination? What is the abbreviation for Lighting Certified? What are the other two national examinations in the lighting industry? What does PLASA stand for? Where is PLASA based? How many members does PLASA have? What does RoHS stand for? What is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu? How many branches of government did Montesquieu advocate? What document was heavily influenced by this philosophy? What is the system of separation of powers associated with? What is the idea of separation of powers? Who advocated the principle of free will in their writings? Who was a notable opponent of the Enlightenment? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive and the judiciary? Whose opinions were influenced by Jefferson's writings? Who advocated the principle of free will in their writings? Who was a notable opponent of the Enlightenment? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive and the judiciary? What system was based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government? What was the UK Westminster system based on? How did Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia keep their branches of government? What country served as a model for the U.S. Constitution? What court was the President of Delaware a member of? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? In what year was Clinton v. City of New York decided? In what year was Clinton v. City of New York decided? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? What doctrine states that Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities? In what year was Clinton v. City of New York decided? In what year was Clinton v. City of New York decided? What was one of the earliest cases involving the limits of non-delegation? What is the year 1825? Who was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? What branch of government was deemed unconstitutionally empowered by Congress? What was one of the earliest cases involving the limits of non-delegation? Who was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? When did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority unconstitutional? What was the name of the agency created by Congress? When was the case of A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp.? When was the case of A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp.? What was the case of Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States? Who becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy when called into service? Who gives the president the authority to make treaties and appointments? What is a way Congress can remove a president? What type of oversight does the Interstate Commerce Commission have? What is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President? Who has executive power? What is a way Congress can remove a president? Who approves laws made by Congress? What is the purpose of legislation passed by Congress? In what case did the Supreme Court rule on the prescription for legislative action? When was INS v. Chadha decided? How much of the Senate and House must approve of a bill before it becomes a law? What is the power to decide cases and controversies vested in? Who appoints judges? Who advises and consents to the appointment of judges? What are courts that exercise judicial power called? What is the power to decide cases and controversies vested in? Who appoints judges? Who advises and consents to the appointment of judges? What type of courts may Congress establish? Legislative courts may not exercise what power of the United States? Who serves as president of the Senate? Who exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills? Who serves as president of the Senate? Who appoints judges? Who appoints judges? Who is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States? Who has the power to declare war? What body must confirm Generals and Admirals before they can assume office? What branch of government is subject to judicial review? In what case did the Supreme Court establish a precedent for judicial review? What is the only court that can determine constitutionality? Who has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts? What is the only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary? Who presides in the Senate during impeachment trials? Who wrote Federalist 51? What did James Madison write regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others? Which branch of government has been in a constant battle with the president? How many bills did George Washington veto? How many bills did George Washington veto? How many bills did he veto during his two terms? Who was the first to use the veto? How many of Johnson's vetoes did Congress override? What act attempted to limit the power of the presidency? Who was the first Democratic President after Lyndon Johnson? Who was the first Democratic President after Lyndon Johnson? Who was the president of the United States at the time of Panama Refining v. Ryan? Who granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority? What did Richard Nixon use as a basis for his expansion of power? What is argued to apply to the Judicial branch as well as to the other branches? Who holds the power to delegate matters to? Who sets rules for procedures in Florida courts? Who sets rules for procedures in Florida courts? What is often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art? What is the Latin word for architect? What is the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings? What is often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art? What type of achievements are historical civilizations often identified with? What is the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings? What is the Greek word for "chief" and "builder"? What is the process and product of architecture? What are architectural works often perceived as? What are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is the name of the earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture? Who wrote De architectura? When was De architectura written? What are the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, and venustas commonly known by? What is the name of the earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture? Who wrote De architectura? Who wrote De architectura? What are the three principles of Vitruvius? What are the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, and venustas? When was the notion of style in the arts developed? Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects? What languages were Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects translated into? Who should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible? Who elaborated on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria? What did Alberti see beauty primarily as? What is another name for the idealised human figure? What century did Vasari write his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects? Who wrote Contrasts? When was Contrasts written? What was the title of Pugin's 1836 work? When was Contrasts written? What did Pugin disparage in Contrasts? What type of architecture did Pugin believe was the only "true Christian form"? Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? What was John Ruskin's profession? When was Seven Lamps of Architecture published? What does the sight of architecture contribute to a man's mental health, power, and pleasure? What is not considered a true work of architecture unless it is adorned? What was of overriding significance to Ruskin? How is a building said to be a true work of architecture? What did Ruskin think a well-constructed building needed at the very least? When was Le Corbusier born? Who wrote about the difference between ideal architecture and mere construction? What is the profession of an Architect? When was Le Corbusier born? What did you do to me? What do I say about this? What came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building? Along with aesthetics and psychological factors, what other factors were included in the definition of "Function"? Who introduced the concept of "function" in place of "utility"? What is the definition of "Function"? Along with skepticism, what was the reaction to the idea that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality? Along with rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism and phenomenology, what philosophy has influenced modern architecture? Along with rationalism and empiricism, what philosophies have influenced modern architects? What philosophies have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design? Along with rationalism, empiricism, structuralism and phenomenology, what philosophy has influenced modern architecture? In what century was a new concept added to the compass of both structure and function? What new concept was added in the late 20th century to the compass of both structure and function? What should a building be constructed in a manner that is environmentally friendly? What type of power sources are used for heating, cooling, water and waste management? What are some examples of needs? What began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices? What did building become as a result of oral traditions and practices? What is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of building? What is one example of a need and a means? What makes up most of the built world that people experience every day? What caused the economy to expand? What is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of? What type of architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world? What was the main type of settlement? What resulted from the expansion of the economy? What happened to the urban areas as a result of the expansion of the economy? What ancient civilizations resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler? What ancient civilizations resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler? Along with the supernatural, with what did ancient architecture reflect a constant engagement? What did monumentality in architecture represent symbolically? Who wrote the Shilpa Shastras? In what country was the Kao Gong Ji written? When was the Kao Gong Ji written? Who wrote the Shilpa Shastras? What is the name of the ancient Indian writings on architecture? What type of religion is prevalent in many Asian countries? What type of architecture showed great regional diversity? When did Hindu temple architecture develop? What is the Hindu temple architecture concerned with expressing? The Hindu temple architecture is governed by concepts laid down in what? Along with Hindu and Sikh, what type of architecture developed in Asia? What type of religion is prevalent in many Asian countries? What type of architecture did the pointed arch influence? When did Islamic architecture begin? Along with the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, what architectural form was incorporated into Islamic architecture? What types of needs did Islamic architecture cater to? The widespread application of what was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period? Along with cathedrals, what was a major architectural undertaking? Along with abbeys, what was a major architectural project in the Middle Ages? Along with tradesmen, who carried architectural knowledge across Europe? Romanesque and Gothic are examples of what type of style? What is another name for the pan-European styles? When did the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carry architectural knowledge across Europe? When did the Renaissance Humanism begin? When did the Renaissance Humanism begin? What period saw a revival of Classical learning? In what period did Renaissance Humanism take place? What did the Renaissance Humanism place more emphasis on than the Medieval period? There was no dividing line between artist, architect and what other vocation? Along with aesthetics, social and technical considerations, what considerations do architects consider? Along with form and space, what is another aspect of architecture? What is one of the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures? Who stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences." What dimension does architecture go beyond? What can architecture stimulate and influence without presuming that it will promote social development? What does architecture not presume it will promote? What does architecture have in common with other human sciences? What is not only reactionary, it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What can be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What type of ideals did the architecture of the Classical civilizations evolve from? What new building types emerged from the Classical civilizations? What type of ideals did the architecture of the Classical civilizations evolve from? What type of architecture developed in the form of Classical orders? Since what time have texts been written about architecture? What type of prescriptions did these texts provide? What is another name for formal prescriptions? In what century did Vitruvius write? What is one of the most important early examples of canonic architecture? What were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades? What have survived in relation to ecclesiastical buildings? What type of buildings have survived from the Medieval period? What is another name for master mason? Along with the proportions of buildings, what was affected by the rise of science and engineering? What type of person could design a bridge at this stage? What two fields began to separate with the rise of new materials and technology? What aspect of building design did the architect often neglect? What type of clients did the "gentleman architect" usually work with? What did formal architectural training in the 19th century give little attention to? Where did most architects receive their training? What did the Industrial Revolution open the door for? What became cheaper under machine production? What became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products became cheaper under machine production? Pattern books and architectural journals are examples of what? What could house builders use in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals? In what century did a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration give rise to many new lines of thought? What was the result of the dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration? When was the Deutscher Werkbund formed? Why was the Deutscher Werkbund formed? What school was founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919? What type of movement was modern architecture? Along with the middle class, what class was the focus of modernist architecture? What did the academic refinement of historical styles serve? What type of details did Modernist architects remove in favor of pure forms? What was removed in favor of functionalist details? Who developed Organic architecture? What are two prime examples of Organic architecture? What is the aim of organic architecture? What revolution gave birth to high-rise superstructures? What type of construction gave birth to high-rise superstructures? Modernism had morphed into what by mid-century? What is the name of the twin towers of New York's World Trade Center designed by Minoru Yamasaki? Who designed the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? What type of richness did many architects find lacking in modernism? Along with Marcel Breuer and Eero Saarinen, who was a member of the second generation of modernist architects? What was Brutalism? What generation critiqued modernism and brutalism? Biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture are examples of what school of architecture? What is an example of a school of metaphoric architecture that uses nature as inspiration? Biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture both use what as their primary source of inspiration? What type of architecture is considered to be a later development of postmodernism? When did architectural phenomenology emerge? What was phenomenology an early reaction against? What was the aim of architectural phenomenology? Who defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed"? What are buildings with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms called? When did the complexity of buildings begin to increase? How many people can design a large structure? Along with Postmodernism, what style of architecture has been criticized by some members of the architectural profession? What has become a mainstream issue with profound effect on the architectural profession? What is the focus of architecture schools now? Who pioneered sustainability in architecture? Who pioneered sustainability in architecture in the 1960s? What is the name of the U.S. Green Building Council? Along with New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture, what movement promotes sustainable construction? Solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl are examples of what type of architecture? Along with smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design, what does New Urbanism promote? What type of architecture does modernist architecture tend to lean against? Along with life expectancy, education, and income per capita, what is another indicator used in the HDI? When does a country score higher on the HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer? Who developed the HDI? Who published the HDI? When does a country score higher on the HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer? When was the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index introduced? What does IHDI stand for? What is the actual level of human development? What can the HDI be viewed as? When did Mahbub ul Haq launch his people-centered policies? Who was a Nobel laureate? What was the goal of the policies? When did Mahbub ul Haq launch his people-centered policies? What is the life expectancy at birth? What is the number of years that a person 25 years of age or older has spent in school? What does EYS stand for? What is the Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita? Who promulgates the HDI formula? When was the 2015 Human Development Report released? What year did the 2015 Human Development Report use to calculate HDI values? When was the 2014 Human Development Report released? The 2014 Human Development Report uses estimates from what year? What does the IHDI measure? What does the IHDI measure? What country is in the top quartile of HDI but not IHDI? What does HDI stand for? Why were some countries not included? Which United Nations Member State was not included in the 2014 report? When was the 2013 Human Development Report released? The 2013 Human Development Report uses estimates from what year? What does the IHDI measure? What country is in the top quartile of HDI but has a missing IHDI score? What country is in the top quartile of HDI but has a missing IHDI score? When was the Human Development Report released? Which country is in the top quartile of HDI but has a missing IHDI score? Which country is in the top quartile of HDI but has a missing IHDI score? Why were some countries not included? Which United Nations Member State was not included in the 2011 report? When was the 2010 Human Development Report released? When was the Human Development Report released? What are the three basic dimensions of human development? What country is in the top quartile of HDI but has a missing IHDI score? Why were some countries not included? What country protested the inclusion of Cuba in the EU? What has Cuba ranked as? When was the 2009 Human Development Report released? The 2009 Human Development Report covers the period up to what year? What was the title of the conference? What category were the top countries grouped in? What does the report refer to these countries as? Why were some countries not included in the report? What was the name of the statistical update? What was missing from the "statistical update"? What year was the "statistical update" published? When was the Human Development Report for 2007/2008 launched? What was the focus of the conference? When did most of the data used in the report come from? When did most of the data used in the report come from? Where was the Human Development Report for 2007/2008 launched? What did the improvement at the bottom offset with? What is a HDI below? Where are all 22 countries in that category located? Where are Gabon and South Africa ranked? Where are Gabon and South Africa ranked? What are the highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries? What is considered "high development"? What country left the "medium development" group? What country left the "medium development" group? What color arrows indicate a decrease in ranking? What represents a decrease in ranking over the previous study? What color dash represents a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study? What country has been ranked highest twelve times? What country has been ranked highest twice? What is the focus of the Human Development Index? What type of model of development has the Human Development Index been criticized for not taking into account? What type of perspective does the Human Development Index not take into account? What ideology has the Human Development Index been accused of biasing towards? How many sources of data error were identified? When did the UNDP update the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries? What magazine published an article about the Wolff et al. paper? How many economies did the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerate? How many countries were covered by the HDI in 2010? What is another name for southern Europe? Along with Spain and Portugal, what country is part of the Iberian Peninsula? What countries are geographically in the southern part of Europe but have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds? Along with Spain and Portugal, what country is part of southern Europe? Along with political, economic and cultural attributes, what can be used to define southern Europe? Along with geography and climate, what natural feature defines Southern Europe? What climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, and the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey? What regions of Turkey have a Mediterranean climate? What type of climate does the area of the Mediterranean have? Along with Spain, what country has a mountain range? What part of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate? What type of climate does the north coast of Spain have? What type of flora does Armen Takhtajan recognize? Who recognized the flora of the Mediterranean Region? What period began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece? What was the name of the city-states that arose in Ancient Greece? Who was the ruler of the Greek empire? Where was the Western Roman Empire based? Where was the Eastern Roman Empire based? What peoples attacked the Western Roman Empire? In what year did the Western Roman Empire fall? In what year was the Western Roman Empire based in Rome? Modern historians refer to the Eastern Roman Empire as what? Who moved into positions of power in the remnants of the former Western Roman Empire? What did Germanic peoples establish in the remnants of the Western Roman Empire? What was the name of the period of religiously motivated military expeditions? In what year did the Sack of Constantinople occur? Along with Genoa, what city was a major economic power during the Crusades? What movement worked to reconquer Iberia for Christendom? The Sack of Constantinople in 1204 brought an end to what empire? What was the name of the period of upheaval in Europe during the Late Middle Ages? What is another name for the Black Death? What empire encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands? In what year did Constantinople fall? When did the Renaissance of knowledge begin? In what city did the Renaissance of knowledge begin? Along with science, what subject was challenged by the Renaissance? Along with Greek, what type of knowledge was rediscovered during the Renaissance? What led to a series of oceanic explorations that established direct links with Africa, the Americas, and Asia? When did religious wars end in Europe? Who ended the Thirty Year's War? Who invented the telescope and the thermometer? Who invented the radio? What did European overseas expansion lead to? What was the name of the exchange that led to the rise of colonial empires? What was the new economy based on? The combination of resource inflows from the New World and what other event allowed a new economy based on manufacturing? Between what years did a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars take place? What empire did the Balkan nations regain independence from? In what year did the Papal temporal power end? What was the scramble for empires known as? When did World War I begin? In what year did the Allies defeat the Central Powers? What was the name of the peace conference held in Paris? Who came to power in 1933? Who was the leader of the Nazi regime? What country did Adolf Hitler and Mussolini want to take over by the end of the 20th century? Whose Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the start of World War II? What is another name for the Warsaw Pact? What is another name for the European Union? Along with market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism, what did the EU have charge of? When did communism end in the satellite countries? In what year did the Soviet Union dissolve? What year did Croatia join the European Union? What is the most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe? Along with Italy, San Marino, and the Vatican, what language is spoken by over 50 million people in Southern Europe? Where is Catalan spoken? What language is spoken in northwestern Spain? How many people in Spain and Gibraltar speak Spanish? What is another name for the Greek language? In what part of Cyprus are the Hellenic languages spoken? What language is spoken in Macedonia? What language is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia? Where is Slovene spoken? What is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe? Along with English, what language is spoken in Gibraltar? What language is second to English in Malta? What language is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece? What type of language is Maltese? Where is the Basque Country located? What is the predominant religion in southern Europe? When was Christianity adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire? Christians in the western half of Southern Europe are generally what? What are Christians in Greece and Macedonia generally? What is the United Nations Organization's classification for its official works and publications? What does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations? What are the sub-regions of Southern Europe called? What does TDM stand for? Who divides the European region on the basis of the Tourism Decision Metrics model? What is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation? What is the name of the corporation that has operated in the United Kingdom since 1927? In what year did the BBC begin producing its own programming? When did the BBC begin regular broadcasts? What is the name of the corporation that has operated in the United Kingdom since 1927? What percentage of all UK viewing is made up of domestic BBC channels? How does it rank as a television production company? When was Britain's first television broadcast? Where did Baird Television Ltd. make Britain's first television broadcast? When was Britain's first television broadcast? When did Baird stop broadcasting? When was simultaneous transmission of sound and picture achieved? Where was Broadcasting House located? What was the medium wave transmitter at Brookmans Park connected to? What type of broadcasts became obsolete in 1935? Where did the studio move to in 1934? When did the studio move to 16 Portland Place? What was the name of the converted wing of Alexandra Palace? What band did the BBC broadcast on? How many lines did the Baird system have? How many lines did the Marconi-EMI system have? What days of the week did the BBC broadcast? How long were the two systems to run on a trial basis? What type of camera did the Baird system use for live programming? When did the Baird system shut down? How far away from the Alexandra Palace transmitter was the station's range? In what year were transmissions picked up by engineers at RCA in New York? Who was experimenting with a British television set in 1938? What were the engineers experimenting with when they picked up the signals? Where was the BBC antenna located? When did BBC One begin production? What was the first ever broadcast on a dedicated TV channel? Who was coronated in 1937? In what month and year was the U.S. television service suspended? What type of transmissions were thought to be a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London? What kind of programme did the tv service's technical staff work on? What was the name of the last Mickey Mouse cartoon broadcast? When was broadcasting suspended? How many televisions were manufactured between 1936 and 1939? Who was one of the original announcers? When did BBC Television return? Where did the majority of production move to in the 1950s? What cartoon was repeated twenty minutes later? What city was covered by the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station? What station extended postwar broadcast coverage to Birmingham? How many lines were in a 405-line interlaced image? What frequency did the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station use? What was the BBC Television Service renamed in 1960? Which channel did the BBC compete with to get the highest ratings? What was the name of the science fiction show that the BBC introduced in 1963? Where did television transmissions resume in 1946? What was the second television station in the UK? What was the name of the third television station in the UK? What was the cause of the power failure? What was the name of the power plant that caused the power failure? Who hosted the launch? What was the first television channel in Europe to broadcast in color? When did BBC One and ITV begin 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously? What type of programming does BBC Two not have? Who was the first controller of BBC2? Who was the first controller of BBC2? In what year did Tom and Jerry first appear on BBC One? When did the BBC stop airing the cartoon duo? How many episodes of the Tom and Jerry cartoons were aired in 1967? On what channel did Tom and Jerry occasionally appear in the morning? What BBC unit did David Attenborough work for? When did the BBC Natural History Unit begin? Along with Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, and The Life of Mammals, what was a notable Attenborough series? How many regions does England's BBC One output consist of? Along with Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, what United Kingdom nation has been granted more autonomy from the English network? Who introduces programs in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland? What type of programming might a region opt out of to show? What is the name of the political soap opera produced by BBC Northern Ireland? What is the name of the soap opera produced by BBC Scotland? What language does BBC Scotland broadcast in? Along with Erpa, what is a popular children's program on BBC Scotland? What is Patrick Kielty's talk show? How much of its output is required to come from independent British production companies? What is an example of a program from the United States that is no longer shown? What is an example of a show that was imported from Australia? What was the name of the first teletext service? When did Ceefax begin? What service replaced CEEFAX? When did the BBC announce that it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels unencrypted? What satellite did the BBC plan to use for unencrypted broadcasts? When was the BBC's May 2003 announcement deferred? How much money did the BBC expect to save over the next five years? What part of Europe was able to receive free-to-air broadcasts from the Astra 2D satellite? Who has expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out? On what platform were broadcasts of Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football unavailable? What broadcasts were made unavailable on Sky Digital? When was the fiftieth anniversary of the BBC's television news bulletins? What format did the first BBC Television News bulletins use? What did the BBC produce for several years before 1954? What award did Little Angels win? Who was the head of the BBC Television department in 2006? What was the name of the new group that took over the BBC Television department? Along with new media outlets, what was a factor in the restructuring of the BBC? When did the BBC begin experimenting with live streaming? When were all standard BBC channels made available to watch online? What is the name of the corporation's most exported television program? How many times has 'Keeping Up Appearances' been sold to overseas broadcasters? Who confirmed that Keeping Up Appearances is the corporation's most exported television program? How often are viewers required to pay a television licence fee? How are the BBC's international channels funded? In what year did BBC Vision revert to Television? Who is the head of the BBC's Television Production department? What is Danny Cohen's job title? When did BBC Japan stop operating? When did BBC Japan shut down? What type of channel was BBC Japan? When was Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger born? Who is an Austrian-American actor, filmmaker, businessman, author, philanthropist, activist, former professional bodybuilder and politician? How many terms as Governor of California did he serve? At what age did Schwarzenegger begin weight training? How many times did he win the Mr. Olympia contest? What was the name of 'Conan the Barbarian'? At what age did he win the Mr. Universe title? What was Steven Spielberg's nickname during his acting career? In what year did Schwarzenegger complete his second term as governor? What political party was Davis in? Who did he replace in the recall election? When was Schwarzenegger sworn in? What country was Schwarzenegger born in? What was Aurelia Schwarzenegger's birth name? What was the name of Arnold Schwarzenegger's father? What was Gustav's title? What was the birth date of Meinhard? What did Schwarzenegger recall his family buying when he was a child? What sport did his coach take his team to? Who was the first movie I saw that I distinctly remember? What kind of officer was he? Who was Schwarzenegger's favorite bodybuilding idol? When did Meinhard die? What was the name of Meinhard and Erika Knapp's son? What was Gustav's cause of death? Who was his first serious girlfriend? What newspaper did Schwarzenegger interview in 2004? What was the title of Mr. Universe? Who won the Junior Mr. Europe contest? In what year did Schwarzenegger make his first plane trip? Where was the NABBA Mr. Universe competition held? What childhood idol did Schwarzenegger meet in 1966? What part of his body did Schwarzenegger focus on improving? How many hours a day did Schwarzenegger train? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's health club? How old was Arnold when he first dreamed of moving to America? How old was Arnold when he moved to the United States? Where did he win his first Mr. Olympia title? Who was Schwarzenegger's weight training partner? Who said that Schwarzenegger is the most famous immigrant in America? What was the name of Arnold's 1977 book? Where did he take English classes? What does TM stand for? What did Schwarzenegger struggle with for the first time in his life? What is the name of the Arnold Classic? How often did he write a column for Muscle & Fitness? How much money did the magazines donate to the Governor's various fitness initiatives? Who was appointed executive editor of both magazines? Who won the Junior Mr. Europe contest? How many Mr. Olympia wins did Lee Haney have? How long do you spend working out with weights? What contest did Schwarzenegger win in 1967? In what year did he lose to Sergio Oliva? Who was the three-time champion in 1969? In what year did Schwarzenegger win the Mr. Olympia competition? What was Schwarzenegger's age in 1970? Who did Schwarzenegger beat in 1975? In what year did Schwarzenegger win for the sixth time? In what year did Schwarzenegger retire from bodybuilding? What was the name of the bodybuilding documentary produced by George Butler and Robert Fiore? How long did Schwarzenegger have to prepare for the competition? Who starred in 'Stay Hungry'? What role was Schwarzenegger training for? How many weeks of preparation did Schwarzenegger need to win? How many weeks of preparation did Schwarzenegger need to win? In what year did Schwarzenegger admit to using anabolic steroids? Who predicted Schwarzenegger's early death? How much was the libel judgment against Schwarzenegger? What newspaper did Schwarzenegger sue? What role did Schwarzenegger play? What was Arnold Strong's real name? Who directed 'The Long Goodbye'? What award did he receive for his role in Stay Hungry? What did agents and casting people tell me about my body? In what year did Schwarzenegger purchase the rights to Pumping Iron? In what year did he appear in a film about Jayne Mansfield? What movie did Schwarzenegger audition for? What was the name of the 1979 comedy in which Schwarzenegger appeared? What was the name of the sequel to Conan the Barbarian? When was Conan the Destroyer released? Who directed 'The Matrix'? Along with Arnold Schwarzenegger, what actor became an international star in the 1980s? When was 'The Running Man' released? What year was 'Twins' released? How much did Schwarzenegger earn from his role in Total Recall? What was the name of the telemovie that Schwarzenegger directed? What was the name of the 1990 episode of a TV series that Schwarzenegger directed? What was Schwarzenegger's highest-grossing film of 1991? Who named him the "International Star of the Decade?" What was the name of Schwarzenegger's 1994 spy film? How many films did Schwarzenegger collaborate with Ivan Reitman? How much did Rise of the Machines earn? How many feet tall was the Terminator statue proposed to be built in central Graz? Who proposed plans to build a Terminator statue in Graz? What was the name of the film in which he starred? What was the name of the main character of the comic book and animated series? Who would have produced 'The Dark Knight Rises'? What was the name of the film Schwarzenegger was reading? Who wrote 'With Wings as Eagles'? When did Schwarzenegger's entertainment counsel announce that all movie projects were being halted? How long had Sylvester Stallone not starred in a film before The Last Stand? What film did he co-star with Sylvester Stallone? What was the name of the fifth Terminator movie? When was 'Terminator Genisys' released? In what year did Schwarzenegger speak at the Republican National Convention? What was the name of the anti-drug music video that Schwarzenegger appeared in? In what year did Ronald Reagan run for president? Who was the Vice President of the United States in 1988? What was George H. W. Bush's nickname for Conan? When was Schwarzenegger asked if he thought of running for office? What newspaper reported Schwarzenegger's comments? When did Schwarzenegger announce his candidacy for Governor of California? What is the name of a movie that starred Arnold Schwarzenegger? What percentage of the vote was in favor of Gray Davis's recall? Who did Schwarzenegger defeat? How many votes did Schwarzenegger get? What percentage of the vote did Bustamante get? Who was the first foreign born governor of California? Who said he would start a drive to recall Schwarzenegger? What sketch parodied Schwarzenegger's bodybuilding career? When was a special election called that resulted in four ballot measures being defeated? How many ballot measures did he sponsor that were defeated? Who did Schwarzenegger appoint as his Chief of Staff? Who ran against Schwarzenegger in 2006? Who said that Schwarzenegger was becoming a Democrat? What office would Schwarzenegger have to run for in 2010? Who wrote a biography on Schwarzenegger? Who became my hero? In what movie is Arnold Schwarzenegger portrayed as the president? When did he become naturalized? What is Schwarzenegger's nationality? Along with Rudy Giuliani and John McCain, who was a friend of Schwarzenegger? Who was Schwarzenegger good friends with in the 2008 U.S. presidential election? Along with the environment, what issue did McCain and Schwarzenegger discuss? Who named Schwarzenegger one of 11 "worst governors" in the US? What was Bush's approval rating in December of 2003? What was his approval rating when he left office? What was the scandal of Schwarzenegger's initial campaign dubbed? How many women came forward with their stories? What newspaper reported on allegations of sexual misconduct? What did the fifth woman claim Schwarzenegger tried to take off in an elevator? What magazine did Schwarzenegger interview in 2007? What substance did Schwarzenegger discuss in his 1977 interview? Who settled a libel lawsuit against Schwarzenegger? What was the name of the event that Richardson claimed Schwarzenegger touched her breast? In what newspaper was it reported that she encouraged his behavior? In what year was the death penalty abolished in Austria? Who demanded that Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship be revoked? On what date did Schwarzenegger sign a bill creating the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions? What type of plants are allowed to release emissions into the atmosphere? When is the plan to reduce California's emissions to 1990 levels? What region did Schwarzenegger's executive order allow California to work with? What type of panels did he install to heat his home? When did the plan go into effect? What is the goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions? Where was the 2009 SAE World Congress held? What clause in Article II, Section I, Clause V prevents individuals who are not natural born citizens of the United States from assuming office? What newspaper reported that Schwarzenegger was considering a presidential run? What university is Michael Dorf associated with? What did Schwarzenegger use to write his goals? How old was Arnold when he became a millionaire? Who did Schwarzenegger start a bricklaying business with? What event in 1971 caused an increase in business? How much did Schwarzenegger pay for an apartment building? What restaurant chain did Schwarzenegger invest in? In what year did Schwarzenegger end his business ties with BMW? What restaurant did Planet Hollywood model itself after? What investment firm does he own? In what city did he invest in a shopping mall? What type of company is Oak Productions, Inc.? What publishing company is Fitness Publications a joint venture with? What was the name of the restaurant opened by Schwarzenegger and his wife? What city did Schwarzenegger and his wife open a restaurant in? What does Schatzi mean? In what year did he sell his restaurant? When did he separate from Maria Shriver? How much money did Schwarzenegger spend on a private jet? When did Baker publish her memoir? What type of society did Baker say he had little understanding of? What did the couple watch on television before they met? Who was Schwarzenegger's next paramour? Where did Schwarzenegger meet Maria Shriver? When did Schwarzenegger end his relationship with Shriver? What is the occupation of Maria Shriver? Where did Schwarzenegger marry Maria Shriver? How many children did Arnold and Schwarzenegger have? Who is Schwarzenegger said to be dating? How long had Shriver and Schwarzenegger been married? What newspaper revealed that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son? How many years was Baena employed by the family? What was Baena's son's name? When did he buy a new four-bedroom house with a pool? Who is Schwarzenegger's attorney? What is the name of Schwarzenegger's attorney? What did Schwarzenegger not include in his initial petition? Who said she had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver? What type of aortic valve was Schwarzenegger born with? In what year did Schwarzenegger have a replacement heart valve? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's son? What part of his body did Schwarzenegger break? Where was Schwarzenegger skiing when he broke his femur? Where did Schwarzenegger's private jet make an emergency landing? What is Schwarzenegger's official height? Who did Schwarzenegger have a lighthearted exchange with as Governor? How tall was Schwarzenegger? What was Schwarzenegger's autobiography called? What is the name of the book he wrote about his extramarital affair? When was Schwarzenegger's autobiography released? When did AM General produce a civilian version of the Humvee? How many Humvees did Schwarzenegger buy? What color was his car? How much does each of Schwarzenegger's Hummers weigh? How much did the conversion cost? What was the name of the executive order signed by Obama to start building hydrogen refueling plants? Who provided funding for the California Hydrogen Highway Network? What does ICG stand for? Where were the Special Olympics held in 2007? How many schools does the ICG operate in? What school does the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy belong to? In what year did Schwarzenegger help found the Schwarzenegger Institute? What position does Schwarzenegger hold at the Arnold Institute? How many kilometers south-west of Exeter is Plymouth? How many miles west-southwest of London is Plymouth? What river joins Plymouth Sound to form a boundary with Cornwall? What county is Plymouth located in? What river joins Plymouth Sound to form the boundary with Cornwall? What was the name of the first settlement in Plymouth? Plymouth is now known as what village? When did the Pilgrim Fathers leave Plymouth for the New World? Between what years was the town besieged by the Parliamentarians? What was the name of the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America? What was the name of the nearby Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town? In what year did Plymouth achieve city status? What was the name of the attack on Plymouth during World War II? When were Plympton and Plymstock incorporated? What was the name of the urban district that was merged with the county borough of Plymouth? How many people live in Atlantic City? What is the rank of the most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom? How many MPs represent Plymouth? What is the name of the Spanish port in Plymouth? What is the name of the university in Plymouth? What is the name of the unidentified settlement that is listed in Ptolemy's Geographia? Where have artifacts from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age been found? What does TAMARI OSTIA mean? When did the river Plym start to silt up? What did Sutton mean in Old English? When was the name Plym Mouth first mentioned? What was the name of King Henry VI? What does Plym Mouth mean? When was the Hundred Years' War? Who burned the town in 1403? When was Drake's Fort built? What was the name of the place where the fleet was based in Plymouth prior to the establishment of Plymouth Dockyard? In what year was an Act of Parliament passed for further fortifying Plymouth? Who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade? Who was Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593? When did Drake engage the Spanish Armada? When did the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World? What is the name of the second English colony in the United States of America? Who did Plymouth side with in the English Civil War? How many years was Plymouth besieged by the Royalists? Where did the Royalists lose to the Plymothians? When was monarchy restored? Where were many of the Parliamentary heroes imprisoned? In what century did Plymouth play a small part in the Atlantic slave trade? What century did Plymouth lose its pre-eminence as a trading port? When did HMNB Devonport open? What river is on the eastern bank of HMNB Devonport? How many men were employed in Portsmouth in 1712? What was the population of the town in 1733? What is the name of the parish in which HMNB Devonport is located? What was Plymouth's main import before the 18th century? What was Plymouth Dock renamed to in 1824? What conurbation of Plymouth and Devonport enjoyed some prosperity during the late 18th and early 19th century? Who designed the neoclassical urban developments in the Three Towns conurbation? Foulston was responsible for much of what street? What was the occupation of William Cookworthy? In what year did William Cookworthy start his pottery business? What was William Cookworthy's profession? Who was John Smeaton an associate of? How long is the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? Who designed the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? In what year was the bridge finally completed? When did work on the Breakwater begin? What was the purpose of the Breakwater? Along with sugar cane, phosphate, sodium nitrate and maize, what import came from Plymouth in the 19th century? In what town was the dockyard located? Where did major units of the Royal Navy move to? What did the Royal Navy use Devonport to escort? Where did flying boats operate from? Who operated the Sunderland flying boats? What was the headquarters of the Western Approaches Command during the First World War? How many raids were carried out by the Luftwaffe? How many civilians lost their lives? How many houses were destroyed? Who was responsible for the redevelopment of Plymouth? How many homes were built each year between 1951 and 1957? How many homes had been built by 1964? When was the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre constructed? What grade was the Civic Centre recently listed at? What was the name of an aircraft carrier that was refitted in the Devonport Dockyard? When did the army leave Southampton? What is the name of the Royal Marines unit that still calls Southampton home? What is the name of the book that first recorded Plymouth's existence? In what year was Plymouth first recorded as a settlement? What is the Saxon word for south farm? In what year did Southampton gain status as a town? In what year did Southampton become the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament? Who was the first female member of Parliament? What was Nancy Astor's constituency? When was Plymouth given city status? In what year was the city's first Lord Mayor appointed? Along with the town of Plympton, what parish was added to Southampton in 1967? What was Michael Foot's constituency? What position did Michael Foot hold? What act was Foot responsible for? What was Michael Foot's political party? Where was Michael Foot born? How many people live in Plymouth? When was the Local Government White Paper published? What county would include Plymouth, Torpoint, Saltash, and the rural hinterland? When did Plymouth cease to be a county borough? What commission recommended that Southampton become a unitary authority? What is Plymouth's constituency within the European Parliament? Who was the Conservative MP for Sutton and Devonport? How many constituencies returned Conservative MPs in the 2015 general election? What is the name of one of Plymouth's constituencies? How many wards elect councillors? How many wards make up Plymouth's city council? How many years in a row is a third of the county council up for election? What country is Plymouth City Council twinned with? When was Plymouth, United States twinned with Brest, France? Who granted Plymouth the title of Lord Mayor? How many councillors are there? Who chooses the Deputy Lord Mayor? Who is the incumbent for 2015-16? What is the Lord Mayor's official residence? Who gave the house to the City of Plymouth? What is the name of the building that became a listed building in June 2007? When did the Civic Centre become a listed building? How much did the council estimate it would cost to refurbish the building? Which river flows into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound? Which river flows into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound? What river forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall? What natural harbour does the River Plym and the River Tamar flow into? In what year did the unitary authority of Plymouth include the towns of Plympton and Plymstock? What is the name of the estuary to the east of Southampton? When was the Plymouth Breakwater first used? What island can be seen from Plymouth Hoe? How many square miles is the Unitary Authority of Plymouth? How many meters above Ordnance Datum is Roborough? What is the geological interest of Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs? What are the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound made of? What type of slate is found in Plymouth? What type of slates is the bulk of Plymouth built upon? Why is Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs of Special Scientific Interest? What is the name of the limestone band that runs from Cremyll to Plymstock? What is the name of the granite mass to the north and north east of Plymouth? What is the name of the moor that contains ores containing tin, copper, lead, and other minerals? What type of limestone was quarried at West Hoe, Cattedown, and Radford? What type of limestone runs from Cremyll to Plymstock? When was Sir Patrick Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth published? Who wrote the Plan for Plymouth to rebuild the bomb-damaged city? What is the name of the north-south avenue that would link the railway station to the view of Plymouth Hoe? Who led the team that developed 'Vision for Plymouth'? How many parks are in Plymouth? What type of climate does Plymouth have? What is the annual mean temperature? What is the coldest month of the year? When did the European winter storms of 09-10 cover Plymouth? Which month has the highest mean daily maxima? What type of depressions are associated with rainfall? When are the Atlantic depressions most active? What is the average annual rainfall? What month has the highest mean wind speeds? Where does most of the rain fall in the south-west come from? What is the average annual amount of sunshine in a coastal area? Which part of England is favored when the Azores High pressure area extends northwards towards the UK? What was the record high temperature for June 1976? What was the record high temperature for June 1976? How many days of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1 degrees Celsius? What was the temperature in January 1979? In what month and year did the temperature fall to 8.8 degrees Celsius? How many students attend the University of Plymouth? What is the rank of the University of Plymouth's total students? How many people does the company employ? What is the annual income of the company? When was Plymouth Polytechnic founded? What is the name of the University of St Mark & St John? What does the University of St Mark & St John specialize in? What college offers media courses? How many students attend City College Plymouth? How many independent colleges of art and design are there in the UK? How many independent colleges of art and design are there in the UK? How many large colleges are in Atlantic City? How many state primary phase schools does Plymouth have? How many state secondary schools does Plymouth have? How many selective state grammar schools are located in Plymouth? What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth? What is the name of the high school for girls in Plymouth? What college opened in 1880 in Keyham? When did the college close? What was the original name of the college? When did Southampton Dockyard Technical College close? Where was training transferred to after the closure of the Dockyard Technical College? What organization conducts research in all areas of marine sciences? What is the name of the marine-related foundation? What is the name of Plymouth University's marine institute? What is the name of the group that includes the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation, and the Diving Diseases Research Centre? Along with the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, what marine-related organization is part of the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership? What was Plymouth's unitary authority area population in 2011? What was Plymouth's population in 2001? How many more people lived in Plymouth in 2001? What was the average household size of the city? What is the largest minority ethnic group in Plymouth? What percentage of Devon's GVA does Plymouth's make up? What percentage of Devon's GVA was Plymouth's? What was the GVA per person in Southampton? What was the national average of GVA per person? What was Plymouth's unemployment rate in 2014? What percentage of Plymouth's population is among the poorest nationally? What was the life expectancy for men in the area? What was the life expectancy for women? What is the lowest life expectancy of any region in the South West of England? How many people are employed in the defence sector of Plymouth? How many people are in the armed forces of Plymouth? When did the Plymouth Gin Distillery begin producing gin? What is the name of the distillery that produces Plymouth Gin? When was it the most widely distributed gin? What percentage of Plymouth's income does the Devonport Dockyard generate? What is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines? How many firms operate in the marine and maritime sector in Plymouth? How many companies does the Tamar Science Park employ? What employer has chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth? What year was the Pannier Market completed? When was the Pannier Market completed? What is Plymouth's national rank in terms of retail floorspace? What building became a grade II listed building in 1998? How much did it cost to restore the Tinside Pool to its 1930s look? What is the name of the redevelopment project in Plymouth? Who is the architect behind Vision for Plymouth? What organization is backed by Plymouth City Council and the PCC? How many dwellings does the company plan to build? How many dwellings is the city hoping to build? When was the old Drake Circus shopping center demolished? When did the new Drake Circus Shopping Centre open? Where was the Theatre Royal's production and education center, TR2, built? When was the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture given to TR2? Who said the restaurant was already ten years out of date? What is the current location of Plymouth City Council's headquarters? What would be demolished to create a canal "boulevard" linking Millbay to the city centre? What is the name of the proposed canal that would link Millbay to the city center? What is the name of the boundary between the urban parts of the city and the more recent suburban areas? How many miles away is the M5 motorway from Plymouth? What is the name of the bridge that connects Cornwall and Devon? What is the name of the airport in Plymouth? What is the name of the bus company that operates in Plymouth? What is the name of the ferry company that operates from Millbay? What is the name of the city in France that Brittany Ferries ferries passengers to? What is the name of the ferry that takes cars and foot passengers to Roscoff, France? What is the name of the ferry that connects Stonehouse to Cremyll? How long has the ferry operated between Stonehouse and Cremyll? What is the name of Plymouth's airport? How far is Plymouth City Airport from the city center? When does FlyPlymouth plan to reopen the airport? Who plans to reopen the city airport? When did Plymouth's railway station open? Who manages the Plymouth railway station? Along with the Tamar Valley Line, what line serves smaller stations? How many main political parties are in the region? What is the name of the network that connects Plymouth to the rest of the country? When was the sea wall at Dawlish breached? How many feet of the sea wall at Dawlish was washed away? When did the line reopen? When was the sea wall at Dawlish breached? How many churches does Plymouth have? What year was Plymouth's Roman Catholic cathedral built? What is the largest parish church in Devon? What is the name of the city's oldest church? How many Methodist chapels are in Atlantic City? What was the name of the man mentioned in Sir Francis Drake's log? When was the Plymouth Synagogue built? In what year was the Plymouth Synagogue built? What type of synagogue is the Plymouth Synagogue? What percentage of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian? What percentage of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian? What is the percentage of people without religion? What is the national average of people without religion? What percentage of the population lives in poverty? When was Union Street built? What famous comedian performed at the New Palace Theatre? During what decade were there 30 pubs in London? Who would seek entertainment of all kinds at the arcade? What event attracts tens of thousands of people across the waterfront? When was the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks surpassed? Who surpassed the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks? Where is Roy Lowry from? When was the Music of the Night first performed? How many people can the Drum Theatre hold? How many people can the Drum Theatre hold? What is the cost of admission to the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery? How many galleries does the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery have? In what year was the theatre closed? Plymouth is the regional television center of what? What station closed on February 16, 2009? When did ITV Westcountry close? What station closed on February 16, 2009? Along with Pirate FM and BBC Radio Devon, what is the main local radio station in Plymouth? What is the name of the football club in Plymouth? What is the fourth tier of the English football league called? What is the name of the team's home ground? What is the nickname of the group that left Plymouth for the New World? What Non-League football club plays at Weston Mill? What is the name of the rugby club in Plymouth? What is the name of the basketball club in Plymouth? What tier does the Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club compete in? What is the name of the entertainment arena in Plymouth? When was the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena founded? When was the Port of Plymouth Regatta first held? When did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? How many days did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? In what year did South West Water begin to supply water to Plymouth? What was the name of the company that supplied Plymouth's water system prior to the 1973 take over? When was Drake's Leat opened? What was the purpose of Plymouth's watercourse? In what year was the reservoir officially completed? Who is responsible for waste management in Plymouth? Who is responsible for sewerage in Plymouth? Who distributes Plymouth's electricity? When did the Langage Power Station start producing electricity? Where is the Langage Power Station located? When was the Plymouth Borough Police formed? What is the name of the Divisional HQ? How many fire stations does Plymouth have? Where are the Royal National Lifeboat Institution's lifeboats stationed? Plymouth Borough Police became part of what constabulary? What is the name of the city's NHS hospital? How far is Derriford Hospital from Plymouth's city center? What is the name of the infirmary located at Derriford Hospital? What is the name of the ambulance service that operates in Plymouth and the south west? Where is the headquarters of the South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust? When was Ford Park Cemetery reopened? What is the name of the large early 20th century cemetery in Southampton? What is the name of the privately owned cemetery on the outskirts of Detroit? What type of plaque is placed in the ground at Drake Memorial Park? When was the burial ground at Ford Park Cemetery reopened? When was the Royal Citadel built? What war caused the Royal Citadel to be built? When was Smeaton's Tower built? How many kilometers off shore was Smeaton's Tower built? What war memorial commemorates the defeat of the Spanish Armada? What was the early port settlement of Plymouth called? In what year did the Pilgrim Fathers leave for the New World? What is the name of the steps that the Pilgrim Fathers used to leave for the New World? How many marine species does the National Marine Aquarium have? How many listed buildings are in Sutton? What is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly"? Where is the north outskirts of the city? What is the name of the organization that owns the Lincoln Memorial? What direction from Plymouth is Devonport? How many waymarkers are on the Devonport Heritage Trail? What part of Cornwall is south-east of Plymouth? Along with Cawsand and Whitsand Bay, what is a popular beach? What is the name of the valley in which Plymouth is located? Who designed the building that houses the University's Arts faculty? When was the building opened? What institution of higher learning is housed in the Roland Levinsky building? What is housed in the building? Where is the Roland Levinsky building located? What is another name for Plymothians? What are people from Plymouth known as less formally? What is the Devon form of John? What is the Devon form of Cousin Jan? Where was Sir Francis Drake born? What did the Spanish call him? In what year did he die? What disease did he die of? Who was the founder and first president of the Royal Academy? Who painted about vagrancy, sexual behavior, and suicide? Where did David McKee attend art school? What genre of music does John Surman play? Who founded the jazz free improvisation band AMM in 1965? Where does Michael Foot's family reside? What sport does Trevor Francis play? What nationality is Chris Axworthy? What American Vice President did Donald Moffat play in the film The Right Stuff? In what film did Donald Moffat play a fictional president? What is Dawn French's profession?