Which team won Super Bowl 50?
What team did the Denver Broncos defeat to win their third Super Bowl title?
Where is Levi's Stadium located?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
What was the theme of the 50th anniversary of the Super Bowl?
What did the NFL emphasize with various gold-themed initiatives?
When was Super Bowl 50 played?
What does AFC stand for?
What did the NFL emphasize with various gold-themed initiatives?
What does AFC stand for?
When was Super Bowl 50 played?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
Where is Levi's Stadium located?
What would have been the name of the game without the Roman numerals?
What year was Super Bowl 50 played?
What year was Super Bowl 50 played?
Where is Levi's Stadium located?
Where was Super Bowl 50 played?
How did the Denver Broncos defeat the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50?
When was Super Bowl 50 played?
What year was Super Bowl 50 played?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
What team did the Denver Broncos defeat to win their third Super Bowl title?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
What year was Super Bowl 50 played?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
Where is Levi's Stadium located?
What is the name of the American football game that determines the champion of the National Football League for the 2015 season?
Which team won Super Bowl 50?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
How many appearances have the Broncos made in the Super Bowl?
When was the Panthers franchise founded?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the regular season record of the Carolina Panthers?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the Broncos regular season record?
How many times did the Broncos defeat the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many Super Bowl appearances have the Broncos had?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Broncos deny a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
When was the Panthers first Super Bowl appearance?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller force?
Who took an early lead in Super Bowl 50?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
How did Newton fare against the Broncos?
How many times did the Denver defense sack Cam Newton?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller force?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
How many times did the Denver defense sack Cam Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
What did the Broncos recover for a touchdown?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
What position did Von Miller play?
How many times did the Denver defense sack Cam Newton?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller record?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who headlined the halftime show of Super Bowl 50?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Which halftime show did Beyoncé headline?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Bruno Mars and Coldplay, who performed at the halftime show of the Super Bowl?
Along with Beyoncé, what special guest performed at the halftime show of the Super Bowl?
Who headlined the halftime show of Super Bowl 50?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Beyoncé, what special guest performed at the halftime show of the Super Bowl?
Where did Super Bowl 50 rank as the most watched U.S. broadcast ever?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who headlined the halftime show of Super Bowl 50?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
Who headlined the halftime show of Super Bowl 50?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Which halftime show did Beyoncé headline?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Who headlined the halftime show of Super Bowl 50?
Who were the special guests for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé, what special guest performed at the halftime show of the Super Bowl?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
What did Roger Goodell say the NFL wanted to make "spectacular" in 2012?
In what year did Roger Goodell say that the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
When did Roger Goodell say the NFL planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
Who was the commissioner of the NFL in 2012?
How did Goodell describe the 50th Super Bowl?
How did Goodell describe the 50th Super Bowl?
In what year did Roger Goodell say that the 50th Super Bowl would be "spectacular"?
What was the final site the league narrowed the bids to?
Which stadium did the league narrow the bids to?
Along with Miami's Sun Life Stadium and New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, what other site was considered?
What is the name of the stadium in Miami?
What is the name of the stadium in San Francisco?
What is the name of the stadium in San Francisco?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of the stadium in Miami?
What were the three sites the league narrowed the bids to?
How many sites did the league narrow the bids to?
Where is the Mercedes-Benz Superdome located?
What is the name of the stadium in Miami?
Levi's Stadium is located in what city?
What is the name of the stadium in San Francisco?
What is the name of the stadium in Miami?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of the stadium in San Francisco?
When did the league announce the two finalists for the Super Bowl?
How many times has the South Florida/Miami area hosted the Super Bowl?
What was the most recent Super Bowl hosted in Miami?
When was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host the Super Bowl?
What is the name of the stadium that was announced as a finalist for the Super Bowl in 2012?
When did the league announce the two finalists for the Super Bowl?
Where was Super Bowl XIX held?
When did the Florida legislature refuse to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
How many finalists did the league announce in 2012?
What was the most recent Super Bowl hosted in Miami?
How many finalists did the league announce in 2012?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host the Super Bowl?
Which city has hosted the Super Bowl the most?
When did the league announce the two finalists for the Super Bowl?
How many times has Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
Which city has hosted the Super Bowl the most?
When did the San Francisco Bay Area last host the Super Bowl?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
Who voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
Where did Super Bowl XXXVII take place?
In what city did the 2013 NFL owners meet?
When was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
What was the last Super Bowl held in California?
Where did Super Bowl XXXVII take place?
In what year was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
When was the last time a Super Bowl was played in the San Francisco Bay Area?
What was the last Super Bowl held in California?
When was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
In what year did Super Bowl XXXVII take place?
In what city did the 2013 NFL owners meet?
When was the Super Bowl awarded to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
When was the last time a Super Bowl was held in California?
Who coached both teams in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
How many teams have a 15-1 record?
Who is one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss?
In what Super Bowl did the Denver Broncos make their second appearance in three years?
Who coached both teams in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
How many times have the Denver Broncos appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
What was the last time the Panthers appeared in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have a 15-1 record?
Which seed from each conference met in the Super Bowl for the third straight season?
Which seed from each conference met in the Super Bowl for the third straight season?
In what Super Bowl did the Denver Broncos make their second appearance in three years?
What was the last Super Bowl the Panthers played in?
How many teams have a 15-1 record?
How many seeds met in the Super Bowl for the third straight season?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who coached both teams in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50?
Who was the longtime running back for the Carolina Panthers?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
How many teams have won at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
Who had their best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many All-Pro selections did the Panthers have?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
In what year did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the New Orleans Saints win 13-0?
In what year did the Green Bay Packers have the best start to a season by an NFC team?
What injury did wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin suffer?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
Who was the longtime running back for the Carolina Panthers?
In what year did the NFL expand to a 16-game schedule?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
Who had their best regular season in franchise history?
When did the NFL begin playing 16-game regular season games?
Who had their best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
How many touchdowns did Ted Ginn, Jr. score rushing?
How many punts did Ted Ginn return for 277 yards?
Who was one of Newton's leading receivers?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many passes did Greg Olsen catch?
Greg Olsen and Ted Ginn, Jr. were Newton's leading what?
Who led the team with 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns in 13 games?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
Who was the Pro Bowl quarterback for the Carolina Panthers?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many points did the Panthers offense score?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw?
How many total touchdowns did Cam Newton record?
What was Cam Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many receptions for 485 yards did Jerricho Cotchery have?
How many points did the Panthers defense give up?
How many career sacks did Jared Allen have?
How many tackles did Luke Kuechly have for the Panthers?
How many interceptions did Josh Norman have?
Who led the team in sacks with 11?
How many interceptions did the Panthers' defense have?
Who led the team in sacks with 11?
How many interceptions did Josh Norman have?
How many interceptions did Josh Norman have?
Who was a Pro Bowl safety for the Carolina Panthers?
How many interceptions did the Panthers' defense have?
Who had 5 sacks in just 9 starts for the Panthers?
Which Panthers linebacker was selected to play in the Pro Bowl?
How many fumbles did Kawann Short recover?
Who was hired as the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who was Manning's backup after he was benched?
What team did Peyton Manning play for in 1998?
Who did the Broncos lose to in the regular season finale?
Who was the Broncos defensive coordinator under Gary Kubiak?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win in his four years as Broncos head coach?
Who was hired as the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
What team did Peyton Manning play for in 1998?
How old was Peyton Manning in the 2015 off-season?
What heel injury caused Peyton Manning to have his worst statistical season since 1998?
Who was hired as the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Who had his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in 1998?
What injury caused Peyton Manning to have his worst statistical season since 1998?
How old was Peyton Manning in the 2015 off-season?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win in his four years as Broncos head coach?
Who did the Broncos part ways with after losing in the divisional round of the previous season's playoffs?
Who had his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in 1998?
Who was hired as the new head coach of the Denver Broncos?
Where did Peyton Manning suffer a partial tear of the plantar fasciitis?
Who was the Broncos defensive coordinator under Gary Kubiak?
What was Manning's career low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler throw?
What was Manning's career low passer rating?
How many yards did Manning throw?
How many touchdowns did Manning throw?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
What position did Demaryius Thomas play?
What was Manning's career low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
How many touchdowns did Ronnie Hillman have?
What was Manning's career low passer rating?
How many interceptions did Manning have?
Who caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
What was Ronnie Hillman's average yards per carry?
How many yards did the Broncos' defense allow?
How many sacks did Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson have?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles?
How many fumbles did Von Miller recover?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play?
Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson are what?
How many points did the Broncos' defense allow?
Who was the Broncos' Pro Bowl linebacker?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles?
How many fumbles did Von Miller recover?
Who was the Broncos' Pro Bowl linebacker?
Who led the Broncos in total tackles?
Who had 512 sacks for the Broncos?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers gain in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force against the Cardinals?
How did the Panthers beat the Seahawks in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
How did the Panthers beat the Seahawks in the divisional round?
How many yards did the Panthers gain in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force against the Cardinals?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
How did the Panthers defeat the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers gain in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
How did the Broncos defeat the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game?
How long was left on the clock when the Broncos intercepted a pass?
Which team defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
How did the Broncos defeat the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were left on the clock when the Broncos intercepted a pass?
Who had problems with interceptions during the season?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds were left on the clock when the Broncos intercepted a pass?
Who broke his arm in the NFC Championship game?
What injury did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many ACL tears did Thomas Davis have in his career?
How old was Thomas Davis when he broke his arm?
Thomas Davis had already overcome three what in his career?
What did Thomas Davis break in the NFC Championship Game?
How old was Thomas Davis when he broke his arm?
What did Davis predict he would play in after his injury?
How many ACL tears did Thomas Davis have in his career?
What injury did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How old was Thomas Davis when he broke his arm?
Who broke his arm in the NFC Championship game?
How old is Peyton Manning when he plays in a Super Bowl?
Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How old was John Elway when he led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What is John Elway's current position with the Denver Broncos?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How old was John Elway when he led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How many different teams did Peyton Manning lead to multiple Super Bowl wins?
How many different teams did Peyton Manning lead to multiple Super Bowl wins?
Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
In what Super Bowl did Elway lead the Broncos to victory?
Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How old is Peyton Manning when he plays in a Super Bowl?
Who is the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
In what year was Manning selected first in the NFL draft?
When was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton when he played in the 2011 Super Bowl?
What is the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
Who was the top pick of the 2011 NFL draft for Denver?
Who was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft?
Who was picked first in the 2011 NFL draft?
How old was Newton when he played in the 2011 Super Bowl?
What was the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams who was the #1 pick in their draft classes?
In what year was Manning selected first in the NFL draft?
When was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
Who was the top pick of the 2011 NFL draft for Denver?
When was Newton picked first in the NFL draft?
How old was Newton when he played in the 2011 Super Bowl?
What is the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
In what Super Bowl was Rivera a linebacker for the Chicago Bears?
What team did Rivera play for in Super Bowl XX?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XIV?
Kubiak replaced Elway at the end of which team's defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XXIV?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowls XXI and XIV?
Who was a linebacker for the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
In what Super Bowl was Rivera a linebacker for the Chicago Bears?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
What was the new playing surface for the 2015 Super Bowl?
Who was the Atlanta Braves field director?
Which team's kicker was injured when a portion of the field collapsed?
Who was Justin Tucker?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
Who was Justin Tucker?
What was the new playing surface for the 2015 Super Bowl?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
What did the NFL re-sod the field with?
What was the new playing surface of Levi's Stadium?
What did a number of players need to change during the game?
Who was the Baltimore Ravens kicker in 2015?
In what type of stadiums are Super Bowl games usually played?
Who is the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams?
How did the Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXI?
When did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants in a Super Bowl?
When did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants in a Super Bowl?
How did the Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jerseys did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXI?
What did the Broncos wear as the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC?
Who is the only other AFC champion team to have worn white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl?
When did the Broncos last wear matching white jerseys and pants in a Super Bowl?
What was the primary color of the Broncos' jerseys in Super Bowl XXXII?
What color jersey did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXII?
What is the standard home uniform of the Carolina Panthers?
What university's practice facility did the Panthers use?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers practice?
In what city did the Broncos stay?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos stay when they practiced at Stanford University?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay when they practiced at Stanford University?
Where did the Panthers practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice?
Where did the Broncos stay when they practiced at Stanford University?
When did the NFL suspend the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals?
When was the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals established?
Who is the league's vice president of brand and creative?
When was the standardized logo template introduced?
Whose trophy is featured behind the large numerals in the new logo?
In what year did the NFL suspend the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals?
When will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What letter was difficult to design an aesthetically pleasing logo with?
What color are the large numerals in the new logo?
When did the NFL suspend the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals?
What was the new name for Super Bowl 50?
What letter was difficult to design an aesthetically pleasing logo with?
What color are the large numerals in the new logo?
When will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What numerals will be used instead of Roman for Super Bowl 50?
The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for which Super Bowl?
What color was the numbering of the 50-yard line painted on fields?
When did all sideline jackets and hats feature gold-trimmed logos?
What is the number of yards on a field?
What color was the numbering of the 50-yard line painted on fields?
What color was the numbering of the 50-yard line painted on fields?
What was the name of the gold-themed promotions and initiatives held throughout the 2015 NFL season?
What was given to each high school that had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What part of a field was colored gold?
What color was the numbering of the 50-yard line painted on fields?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
Where is the Moscone Center located?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Who unsuccessfully lobbied for the NFL to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
When did "Super Bowl City" open?
How many people are expected to attend Super Bowl Week?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
What opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
What opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
What opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who said "they are going to have to leave"?
How much did San Francisco city supervisor Jane Kim want the NFL to reimburse for city services?
What event was held at the Moscone Center?
Where is Bellomy Field located?
How much is the week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center worth?
How long is the event at the Santa Clara Convention Center?
How much is the week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center worth?
What is one of the ancillary events?
Who has announced plans to set aside seed funding for the event?
Where will the beer, wine and food festival take place?
Who will help find business sponsors and individual donors?
Who has announced plans to set aside seed funding for the event?
How much is the week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center worth?
Who has announced plans to set aside seed funding for the event?
On what day was the Super Bowl's media day moved to?
On what day of the week was the Super Bowl's media day traditionally held?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
Where was the SAP Center located?
The opening ceremony featured player introductions on a replica of what?
On what day of the week was the Super Bowl's media day traditionally held?
On what day was the Super Bowl's media day moved to?
What was the game's media day re-branded as?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
Where was the SAP Center located?
When was the game's media day normally held?
What was the media day re-branded as?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
The opening ceremony featured player introductions on a replica of what?
On what day was the Super Bowl's media day moved to?
What was the media day re-branded as?
Where was the Super Bowl Opening Night held?
The opening ceremony featured player introductions on a replica of what?
When was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much money has the Host Committee raised so far?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Intel, Gap, Intel, Gap, Intel, Gap, Intel, Gap, Intel, Gap, Intel, Gap, Intel, Gap, Intel, Gap, Intel, Gap, Intel, Gap
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Chevron and Dignity Health, what company is a sponsor of the Super Bowl?
Along with Dignity Health and Google, Dignity Health is a sponsor of what company?
Who has openly sought disabled veteran and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-owned businesses?
How much money has the Host Committee raised so far?
Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, and Dignity Health are examples of what?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much money has the Host Committee raised so far?
What percentage of money will the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
How much of the money raised by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee will be dedicated to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
What has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee vowed to be?
How much of the money raised by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee will be dedicated to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
How much of the money raised by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee will be dedicated to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative created by the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Who designed the "50"?
How many karats of gold will the winner of Super Bowl 50 receive?
How many pounds will the "50" weigh?
Who designed the "50"?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy do all Super Bowl champions receive?
What kind of metal is the "50"?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy do all Super Bowl champions receive?
Who designed the "50"?
Who televised the Super Bowl in the United States?
Who was the lead broadcaster for CBS?
Along with Evan Washburn, who was on the sidelines?
How many cameras were in EyeVision?
What resolution were the EyeVision 360 cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
How many broadcast partners does the NFL have?
Where were Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn?
How wide of a view can EyeVision 360 provide?
What resolution were the EyeVision 360 cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
Where were Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn?
Who televised the Super Bowl in the United States?
How many broadcast partners does the NFL have?
Who televised the Super Bowl in the United States?
Who were the lead broadcast team of CBS?
Who was on the sidelines of the game?
What resolution were the EyeVision 360 cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
Along with microphones and pylons, what new feature did CBS introduce during the broadcast?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the 2015 Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for Monday Night Football?
Who was on the ESPN Deportes Monday Night Football commentary crew?
When did ESPN Deportes announce that they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
In what language did ESPN Deportes broadcast the 2015 Super Bowl?
Which broadcaster did ESPN Deportes reach an agreement with to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the 2015 Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for Monday Night Football?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the 2015 Super Bowl?
Who were the Monday Night Football commentators?
Who was the sideline reporter for Monday Night Football?
What service did Verizon Wireless customers use to stream the game on their smartphones?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
Where did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Along with Windows 10, Chromecast and Roku, what console supported CBS Sports apps?
What version of Windows did CBS Sports apps run on?
Where did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Along with Windows 10, Chromecast and Roku, what console supported CBS Sports apps?
Who was allowed to stream the game on their smartphones?
What was the only way to stream the game on a smartphone?
Which wireless carrier provided exclusive access to the NFL Mobile service?
What service did Verizon Wireless customers use to stream the game on their smartphones?
What did CBS provide via CBSSports.com?
Which wireless carrier provided exclusive access to the NFL Mobile service?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast available?
What was the first talk show to air after the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the late night talk show that CBS aired after the game?
What was the first talk show to air after the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the late night talk show that CBS aired after the game?
What was the first talk show to air after the Super Bowl?
After a break for what did CBS broadcast a special episode of The Late Late Show with James Corden?
What show did CBS air a special episode of following the game?
What was the base rate for a 30-second Super Bowl ad?
Which beer manufacturer had a multi-year contract with CBS?
Which company was a long time Super Bowl sponsor?
What was the anniversary of the Pokémon video game?
What was the base rate for a 30-second Super Bowl ad?
Which beer manufacturer had a multi-year contract with CBS?
Which company was a long time Super Bowl sponsor?
Along with The Pokémon Company, what company made its Super Bowl debut?
Nintendo and what other company promoted the 20th anniversary of the Pokémon video game?
Which beer manufacturer had a multi-year contract with CBS?
Which company was a long time Super Bowl sponsor?
Which beer manufacturer had a multi-year contract with CBS?
Which company was a long time Super Bowl sponsor?
What contest allowed viewers to create their own Doritos ads for a chance to have it aired during the game?
What contest did QuickBooks sponsor?
Who won the Small Business Big Game contest?
How long was Death Wish Coffee's free commercial?
How many competitors did Death Wish Coffee beat out in the contest?
Who won the Small Business Big Game contest?
How many competitors did Death Wish Coffee beat out in the contest?
Who sponsored Death Wish Coffee's free 30-second commercial?
Who won the Small Business Big Game contest?
How many competitors did Death Wish Coffee beat out in the contest?
Who sponsored Death Wish Coffee's free 30-second commercial?
Who won the Small Business Big Game contest?
What movie did Universal pay for a trailer to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for?
What movie did Paramount pay for to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What is the name of the movie Independence Day trailer that was aired during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for?
What movie did Paramount pay for to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Universal pay for a trailer to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Disney pay for to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What movie did 20th Century Fox pay for a trailer to be aired during the Super Bowl?
What studio paid for The Secret Life of Pets?
Which studio paid for Deadpool?
Who will carry the game throughout North America?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Along with Dan Fouts and Kevin Harlan, who will be the color analyst?
Along with Mark Malone, who will be the sideline reporter?
How many announcers will carry the game throughout North America?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer?
Who will carry the game throughout North America?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer?
Who will be the color analysts?
Who will be the sideline reporters?
What will Jim Gray anchor?
Where will Westwood One broadcast the game?
What radio station in Denver will carry the Denver Broncos game?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer for KOA and KRFX?
What is the frequency of WBT in North Carolina?
Where is WBT-FM based?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer for WBT in North Carolina?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer for KOA and KRFX?
Who will be the color commentator for the Denver Broncos game?
What station in North Carolina will carry the game?
Who will be the play-by-play announcer for WBT in North Carolina?
Which Denver radio stations will carry the game's play-by-play calls?
What is the name of WBT's sister station?
What radio station in the UK will broadcast the contest?
What is the name of the sports broadcast in the United Kingdom?
Along with Rocky Boiman and Greg Brady, who will be on the BBC's British English broadcast?
Which broadcaster will carry its own British English broadcast?
Who will be the commentator on the BBC's British English broadcast?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl V?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
When did Harvey Martin die?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
How many of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced during the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced?
How many of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were introduced during the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many times has Lady Gaga won a Grammy?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What award was Lady Gaga nominated for?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What is ASL?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided the ASL translation for the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided the ASL translation for the national anthem?
Who performed the national anthem?
How many times has Lady Gaga won a Grammy?
Who provided the ASL translation for the national anthem?
On what date was it confirmed that Coldplay would headline the halftime show?
What nationality is Coldplay?
Which Super Bowl did Beyoncé headline?
What song did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Which Super Bowl did Bruno Mars headline?
What British band headlined the 2015 halftime show?
Who confirmed that Beyoncé would be performing at the Super Bowl?
What song did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
What British band headlined the 2015 halftime show?
Who collaborated with Coldplay on the single "Hymn for the Weekend"?
What song did Beyoncé collaborate with Coldplay on?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning throw a 22-yard pass to?
Who did Shaq Thompson tackle for a loss?
Who kicked the winning field goal?
Who carried the ball to the Panthers 14-yard line?
How many yards did Peyton Manning throw to Owen Daniels?
Who tackled Ronnie Hillman?
Who kicked the winning field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning pass to on the first play of the game?
Who carried the ball to the Panthers 14-yard line?
Who kicked the winning field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing?
Which retired referee disagreed with the call?
Which quarterback appeared to complete a pass to Jerricho Cotchery?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered Newton's fumble?
When was the last fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who did Cam Newton pass to after each team punted?
Which retired referee disagreed with the call?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered Newton's fumble?
When was the last fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Which retired referee disagreed with the call?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered Newton's fumble?
When was the last fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
Who punted the ball to Norwood?
How many yards was Brad Nortman's punt?
How many yards did Norwood return for a Super Bowl record?
How many yards was McManus' field goal?
How many yards did Newton complete 4 of 4 passes for?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
How long was left in the second quarter?
Who returned a punt for a record-setting 61 yards?
How many yards was McManus' field goal?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
What did McManus kick to increase Carolina's lead to 13-7?
Who tackled Mike Tolbert?
What position did Danny Trevathan play?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it?
Who was sacked by DeMarcus Ware?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who lost a fumble on Carolina's next possession?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it?
How many yards did Kony Ealy return the ball for the Panthers?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who lost a fumble on Carolina's next possession?
Who recovered a fumble on the Broncos 40-yard line?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it?
What did the Broncos do with the ball?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who did Newton pass to on the Panthers' opening drive of the second half?
Who missed a 44-yard field goal attempt?
How many yards was Graham Gano's field goal attempt?
Who kicked a 33-yard field goal to give the Broncos a 16-7 lead?
Who intercepted Newton's pass?
Who did Newton pass to on the Panthers' opening drive of the second half?
What did Graham Gano hit on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who intercepted Newton's pass?
Who recovered the ball after Ward fumbled it?
Who did Newton pass to on the Panthers' opening drive of the second half?
Where did the Broncos stop the drive?
Who missed a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who did Manning pass to after Gano's miss?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
How many yards was Gano's field goal?
Who recieved a 16-yard pass from Manning in the fourth quarter?
Who ran for 12 yards in the fourth quarter?
Where did the Broncos drive to in the fourth quarter?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
Where did Ealy recover the ball?
What did the next three drives of the game end in?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand?
Where did Ealy recover the ball?
How far was Gano's field goal?
How many drives of the game ended in punts?
How many yards did the Panthers own with 4:51 left in regulation?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who was penalized for a holding penalty?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
Who did Manning pass to for a 2-point conversion?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
Who returned the ball to the Panthers 4 yard line?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who was penalized for a holding penalty?
How much time was left in regulation?
How much time was left in regulation?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
Who returned the ball to the Panthers 4 yard line?
How many plays was Denver's offense kept out of the end zone?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
How many solo tackles did Ware have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
How many receptions did Ginn have?
Who broke his right arm in the NFC title game?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have?
Who was the leading rusher in the game?
Who was Manning's top receiver?
Who broke his right arm in the NFC title game?
Who was Manning's top receiver?
Who was the leading rusher in the game?
How many field goals did McManus make?
How many interceptions did Newton have?
How many receptions did Ginn have?
How many first downs did the Denver Broncos have?
How many first downs did the Denver Broncos have?
Who had the previous record of 244 yards in Super Bowl XXXV?
Who set a new record with a 61-yard punt return?
Who is the oldest quarterback to win a Super Bowl?
How many first downs did the Denver Broncos have?
How many first downs did the Denver Broncos have?
Who set a Super Bowl record with seven sacks in Super Bowl XX?
Who tied a Super Bowl record with seven sacks?
How many first downs did the Denver Broncos have compared to the Carolina Panthers?
How many first downs did the Denver Broncos have?
Who tied a Super Bowl record with seven sacks?
Who set a Super Bowl record with seven sacks in Super Bowl XX?
How many teams did the Denver Broncos have in the Super Bowl?
Maria Skodowska-Curie was the first female recipient of what award?
When was Casimir Pulaski born?
Who was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize?
Wadysaw Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin are both what?
When did Chopin move to Warsaw?
How many different species of trees are in the Saxon Garden?
What was remodelled by Franciszek Szanior in the 19th century?
What was formally a royal garden?
Where is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier located?
What park has peacocks and pheasants in it?
How far is the Vistula river from Warsaw?
What animals live in the Vistula river?
How many natural reserves are in Warsaw?
How many lakes are in Warsaw?
Why are most lakes emptied before winter?
What was Warsaw the most diverse city in Poland?
In 1933, how many people in Warsaw spoke Polish?
What percentage of Warsaw's population was Jewish in 1897?
What is the largest minority in Warsaw?
What is most of the modern day population growth based on?
What is the second academic school of technology in the country?
How many professors are employed by the Warsaw University of Technology?
What is the largest medical school in Poland?
When was the University of Warsaw established?
What is the oldest and largest music school in Poland?
When was the University Library founded?
How many items are housed in the University Library?
What was Marek Budzyski and Zbigniew Badowski's profession?
Who designed the University Library garden?
How large is the University Library garden?
What suffered greatly in Warsaw during its time as an Eastern Bloc economy?
What was the initial plan to rebuild Poland?
What is one reason Warsaw has seen improvements over the past decade?
What has happened to the city's metro, roads, sidewalks, and health care facilities?
What city has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe?
What is the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland?
What is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe?
How many beds does the Maria Skodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology have?
What has happened to the infrastructure of the Maria Skodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology over the past years?
The Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera, the Chamber Opera, the National Philharmonic Hall and the National Theatre are all what type of venues?
What does Warsaw host?
Where is the Congress Hall located?
What city hosts the International Frédéric Chopin Piano Competition?
What type of events does Warsaw host?
Where is the Summer Theatre located?
What is another name for Ogród Saski?
When was the Summer Theatre in operation?
What was Warsaw's first literary cabaret?
What was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre"?
What is the Polish name for the Midsummer's Night festival?
How many people gather on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer's Night?
On what night do thousands of people gather on the banks of the Vistula for a festival called Wianki?
What did the maidens float their wreaths of herbs on the water to predict?
What flower do people look for on Midsummer's Eve?
What does the Museum of Posters have one of the largest collections of?
How many museums are in Warsaw?
How does the National Museum rank among Warsaw's museums?
What is in Adolf Hitler's private collection?
What does the Museum of the Polish Army portray the history of?
Where can a fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland be found?
What museum preserves the memory of the crime?
What type of theatre does the Warsaw Fotoplastikon operate?
What museum preserves patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence?
How many rooms are in the Warsaw Historical Museum?
Where is the Centre for Contemporary Art located?
How many projects does the Centre for Contemporary Art realize each year?
What is the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw?
Who exhibits at the Zachta National Gallery of Art?
When is Warsaw Gallery Weekend held?
Who are their local rivals?
When did Polonia Warsaw win the country's championship?
How many times has Polonia Warsaw won the cup?
Where is Polonia Warsaw's home stadium?
Why was Polonia relegated in 2013?
What is the mermaid called in Warsaw?
What is Warsaw's symbol?
How long has the symbol of the mermaid been in use?
What year is the oldest existing armed seal of Warsaw?
What was the sea monster holding in its claws?
What is the origin of the mermaid?
Two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey through what?
Where did one of Triton's daughters decide to stay?
Where did the mermaid rest on the beach?
What did a greedy merchant do with the mermaid?
Where was Nathan Alterman born?
When did Tamara de Lempicka marry Tadeusz empicki?
What style did Tamara de Lempicka represent better than anyone else?
What was Nathan Alterman's profession?
Who described Warsaw in many of his novels?
Who ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world in 2012?
In what year did the Economist Intelligence Unit rank Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?
What characterizes Warsaw's economy?
What exchange is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe?
What is the name of the European Union agency for external border security?
When was the first historical reference to Warsaw?
What was the capital of Poland in 1313?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
Who moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596?
Why is Warsaw called the "Phoenix City"?
What religion is the city the seat of?
What is the name of one of the universities in Warsaw?
What was the Old Town of Warsaw listed as in 1980?
St. John's Cathedral, Market Square, palaces, churches and mansions display a richness of color and what detail?
What is a quarter of Warsaw filled with?
What is Warsaw's name in Polish?
What does Warsaw's name mean in Polish?
Who owned a village located at the modern-day site of Mariensztat neighbourhood?
What did Wars own in the 12th/13th century?
What is Warsaw's official city name?
Which fortified settlement was raided by nearby clans and dukes?
Who was Bolesaw II of Masovia?
In what year did the Prince of Pock, Bolesaw II of Masovia, establish the modern-day Warsaw?
When did Warsaw become the official capital of the Masovian Duchy?
When was the Masovian Duchy reincorporated into the Polish Crown?
In 1529, Warsaw became the seat of what general?
When did the seat of the General Sejm become permanent?
What did the Warsaw Confederation establish in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Why did Warsaw become the capital of the Commonwealth?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
How long was Warsaw the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
What kingdom annexed Warsaw in 1796?
Who liberated Warsaw in 1806?
In what year did Warsaw become the center of Congress Poland?
When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?
When was Warsaw occupied by Germany?
What did the Allied Armistice terms require Germany to withdraw from?
Who set up the Second Polish Republic?
When was the Polish-Bolshevik War?
Who was defeated in the Battle of Warsaw?
When did the Second World War begin?
What was the General Government?
How much of Warsaw's Jewish population lived in the Warsaw Ghetto?
When did the order come to annihilate the ghetto as part of Hitler's "Final Solution"?
How long did the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising last?
Who was pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw?
Why did the Polish government-in-exile in London give orders to the underground Home Army?
When did the Warsaw Uprising begin?
How long did the Warsaw Uprising last?
How many Polish civilians died during the Warsaw Uprising?
What campaign was initiated after World War II?
What type of housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage?
What type of city is the Palace of Culture and Science?
What was a gift from the Soviet Union?
In 1980, Warsaw's historic Old Town was inscribed onto what list?
Who celebrated Mass in Victory Square in Warsaw in 1979?
What did John Paul II's visits to Poland encourage?
How long had John Paul II been pope?
Where did John Paul II celebrate Mass in 1979?
What did Polish citizens see in John Paul II's words?
How many kilometers from the Carpathian Mountains is Warsaw?
How many miles is Warsaw from Berlin?
What river does Warsaw straddle?
How tall is Szczliwice hill?
Where is the lowest point in Warsaw?
How many main geomorphologic formations is Warsaw located on?
What is the other main geomorphologic formation?
What type of plateau is Warsaw located on?
What is the specific axis of Warsaw?
What is the edge of the moraine plateau called?
What type of plateau has only a few natural and artificial ponds?
What does the highest level of the Vistula terraces contain?
The contemporary flooded terrace still has visible what?
What are several levels of on the right side of Warsaw?
What type of forest is on the highest terrace?
What does Warsaw's mixture of architectural styles reflect?
When was Warsaw razed to the ground?
When did rebuilding begin in Warsaw?
What is an example of a 19th century building that was eradicated in the 1950s and 1960s?
What was the basic design of mass residential blocks?
St. John's Cathedral is an example of what type of architecture?
When was St. John's Cathedral built?
St. John's Cathedral is a typical example of what style?
Salwator tenement is an example of what type of architecture?
What type of architecture is the Royal Castle?
During what century did building activity occur in numerous noble palaces and churches?
When was St. Kazimierz Church built?
Czapski Palace is an example of what type of architecture?
What type of architecture in Warsaw is described by the simplicity of the geometrical forms teamed with a great inspiration from the Roman period?
When was the Palace on the Water rebuilt?
What type of architecture was not restored by the communist authorities after the war?
What happened to the Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company Rosja building after the war?
What style was the Warsaw Philharmony edifice rebuilt in?
What is the most interesting of the late 19th century architecture?
What are the Saxon Palace and the Brühl Palace?
How many places commemorate the heroic history of Warsaw?
What infamous German Gestapo prison is now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom?
What is the name of the impressive 19th century fortification built after the defeat of the November Uprising?
Who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising?
What was erected in memory of the largest insurrection of World War II?
What color is the Botanic Garden?
Where is a palm house located in the Botanic Garden?
What is the name of the big park in Mokotów?
What park is close to the Sejm and John Lennon street?
In what year was a zoological garden established in Praga Park?
Why is the flora of Warsaw so rich in species?
Where is Bielany Forest located?
Bielany Forest is the remaining part of what forest?
What is the name of the forest near Warsaw's southern border?
How many botanic gardens does Warsaw have?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1939?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
When was the Warsaw area enlargement?
What did Poles believe Varsovians thought of themselves because they lived in the capital?
What were the city authorities forced to introduce limitations on?
What kind of city is Warsaw?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1901?
What percentage of Warsaw's population was Catholic in 1901?
What percentage of Warsaw's population was Protestant in 1901?
When was the Warsaw Uprising?
What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?
What are the units of the second level of the territorial division?
What city does not have entitlements of powiat?
Legislative power in Warsaw is vested in what?
How many members are on the Warsaw City Council?
How often are members of the Warsaw City Council elected?
What does the Warsaw City Council divide itself into?
How long does the Warsaw City Council have to override a mayor's veto?
What is the name of the mayor of Warsaw?
Who was the first President of Warsaw?
When was Jan Andrzej Menich President?
Who elects the President of Warsaw?
In 1994-1999, who was designated as President of Warsaw?
What is Warsaw's city center called?
How many companies were registered in Warsaw in 2006?
What is Warsaw ranked as in the MasterCard Emerging Market Index?
What percentage of Poland's national income does Warsaw produce?
What was the total nominal GDP of Warsaw in 2010?
When was Warsaw's first stock exchange established?
When did Warsaw's first stock exchange stop trading?
When was Warsaw's stock exchange re-established?
How many companies are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
What party's headquarters was located in the same building as the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
When was the FSO Car Factory established?
What was the last vehicle to be assembled at the FSO Car Factory?
What South Korean car manufacturer purchased the FSO Car Factory in 1995?
Who bought the FSO Car Factory in 2005?
What car was assembled at the FSO Car Factory by AvtoZAZ?
What is Warsaw's Polish name?
What is the largest city in Poland?
What river is Warsaw located on?
What is the population of Warsaw's metropolitan area?
Where does Warsaw rank among the most populous capital cities in the European Union?
What is the largest city in Poland?
What river is Warsaw located on?
How far is Warsaw from the Baltic Sea?
How many people live in the Warsaw metropolitan area?
Where does Warsaw rank among the most populous capital cities in the European Union?
Where is Normandy located?
When did the Normans give their name to Normandy?
Where were the Norse pirates from?
Who was the leader of the Norse pirates?
When did the distinct cultural and ethnic identity of the Normans emerge?
Who led the Norman conquest of England at the Battle of Hastings?
Who forged the Duchy of Normandy into a formidable principality in feudal tenure?
What orthodoxy did the Normans become exponents of?
What does Nortmannus mean?
When was Nortmannus recorded in Medieval Latin?
When did the Duchy of Normandy begin?
Who was the King of West Francia at the time of the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte?
The Duchy of Normandy extended west beyond what river?
Who raided and settled Normandy and parts of the Atlantic coast?
What religion did the descendants of Rollo's Vikings replace the Norse religion with?
In what part of France did the descendants of Rollo's Vikings synthesize a unique "Norman" culture?
What did Normandy export for more than a generation?
When did pilgrims from Jerusalem call in at the port of Salerno when a Saracen attack occurred?
Whose shrine was visited by Norman pilgrims in 1016?
Where was the shrine of the Archangel Michael located?
Who was the leader of the Hauteville family?
Who was the elected leader of the Hauteville family?
Who did the Normans capture Sicily and Malta from?
When was Roger II crowned king?
Where is William Iron Arm's citadel located?
What was the title of the "Tabula Rogeriana"?
What does the name "Kitab Rudjdjar" mean?
What type of bureaucracy existed alongside the Norman nobles?
Who did the Normans fight against in Armenia?
When did Hervé serve as a Byzantine general?
When did Robert Crispin lead the Normans of Edessa against the Turks?
Who stopped Roussel de Bailleul?
What was the name of the Norman castle?
Who led a force of "Franks" into the upper Euphrates valley?
Who did some Normans join to aid in the destruction of the Armenian vassal-states of Sassoun and Taron?
Several families of Byzantine Greece were of what origin?
Who drove the Byzantines out of southern Italy?
When was Dyrrachium betrayed to the Normans?
How many men were in Robert Guiscard's army?
Petrela is located on the banks of what river?
Who was Robert's son?
Petrela is located on the banks of what river?
When did a large Norman army invade Dyrrachium?
What was one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic?
Dyrrachium was one of the most important naval bases of what?
Who fled to Normandy in 1013?
Who was Emma's brother?
Where did Ethelred flee to after being forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard?
Who forced Ethelred to flee to Normandy?
Who invited Edward the Confessor to return from his father's refuge?
When did Edward the Confessor return from his father's refuge?
Who did Edward the Confessor appoint as archbishop of Canterbury?
At what battle did Duke William II of Normandy kill King Harold II?
Who was the Duke of Normandy in 1066?
When did Duke William II of Normandy conquer England?
Who did the Normans replace as the ruling class of England?
What did Middle English evolve into?
When did the Normans invade Bannow Bay?
Where did the Normans settle?
The Normans had a profound effect on what culture and history?
Who was one of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror?
Who married Edgar's sister Margaret?
When did William the Conqueror invade Scotland?
What was Malcolm's son's name?
Who did King David I's elder brother marry?
Bruce, Gray, Ramsay, Fraser, Sinclair, Pollock, Burnard, Douglas and Gordon can all be traced back to what ancestry?
Where was Ralph earl of?
Ralph was charged with defending the Marches and warring with whom?
Who set up Ralph as earl of Hereford?
During the Norman conquest, what part of England was subject to Norman interference?
When did Roger de Tosny travel to the Iberian Peninsula?
Who led the papal army during the War of Barbastro?
In what year did Bohemond begin carving out an independent principality around Antioch?
Who was instrumental in the conquest of Jerusalem?
Tancred was instrumental in the conquest of what city?
For how many years was Cyprus under Western European dominance?
What dispersed the fleet of Richard the Lion-hearted?
What was Richard's fiancée's name?
In what year did Richard leave Messina to reach Acre?
Who was the island's despot?
Who was Guy de Lusignan's rival?
What kind of chains was Isaac confined with?
Who led Richard's troops?
Who married Berengaria of Navarre?
When was Richard the Lion-Heart's wedding?
What was one of the grand ceremonies of Richard the Lion-Heart's marriage to Berengaria?
When did the Venetians acquire full control of the island?
Who bought Cyprus shortly after the conquest?
The expedition led by Jean de Bethencourt and the Poitevine Gadifer de la Salle conquered the Canarian islands off the coast of what continent?
Who took the title of King of the Canary Islands?
Who did Maciot de Bethencourt sell the rights to the islands to?
Who sold the rights to the islands to Enrique Pérez de Niebla?
Where are Jersey and Guernsey located?
How many judges transcribed Norman customary law in Latin?
What idiom did the Normans spread to England and Italy?
What type of arches did the Normans use?
What period preceded the Norman period in England?
In England, the period of Norman architecture immediately succeeds that of what period?
In what kingdom was Norman-Arab architecture first used?
When did the dukes begin a programme of church reform?
Who began a programme of church reform in the early 11th century?
When were the French Wars of Religion?
What type of art is the Bayeux Tapestry?
What is the most famous work of Norman art?
Who commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry?
What type of art was common in Norman Italy?
In what century was the staff around which neumes were oriented developed?
Who taught the system of denoting notes by letters?
Where did the monks of Saint Evroul flee to?
Where did the monks of Saint Evroul establish a monastery?
Who was the patron of the monks who fled to Italy?
What tradition developed at Saint Evroul?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
What does AC stand for?
When did Tesla emigrate to the US?
Who did Tesla work for in New York City?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
What was the name of the corporate alternating current/direct current battle Tesla was involved in?
When did Tesla emigrate to the US?
Who did Tesla work for in New York City?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
What did George Westinghouse license from Tesla?
When did Tesla make pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication?
What type of experiments did Tesla conduct in New York and Colorado Springs?
What did Tesla experiment with in his lab?
Where did Tesla conduct high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments?
When did Tesla make pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication?
What did Tesla build that was the first to be exhibited?
What was the name of Tesla's failed attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla?
Where did Tesla live most of his life?
What was Tesla referred to as in popular culture?
What earned Tesla a considerable amount of money?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name the tesla?
When did popular interest in Tesla resurface?
What was Tesla renowned for?
What modern country is Smiljan in?
What was Tesla's father's profession?
What type of memory did Nikola Tesla have?
What did Nikola Tesla credit for his eidetic memory and creative abilities?
What was Tesla's father's profession?
Who was Nikola Tesla's father?
Who was Nikola Tesla's mother?
What did uka Tesla's mother have a talent for?
What did Nikola Tesla credit for his eidetic memory and creative abilities?
How many children did Tesla have?
What language did Tesla study at Lower School?
When did the Tesla family move to Gospi?
What was Tesla's older brother's name?
What were Tesla's three sisters?
What happened to Dane when Nikola was five?
Where did Tesla's family move in 1862?
What was Tesla's father's job?
Who was the math teacher at Higher Real Gymnasium?
What language were Tesla's classes held in?
What was Tesla able to perform in his head that prompted his teachers to believe he was cheating?
What did Tesla's ability to perform integral calculus in his head cause his teachers to believe?
When did Tesla graduate from Higher Real Gymnasium?
When did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Why did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Who was the math teacher at Higher Real Gymnasium?
What language were Tesla's classes held in?
When did Tesla graduate from Higher Real Gymnasium?
What illness did Tesla contract when he returned to Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden after contracting cholera?
What did Tesla's father promise to send him to if he recovered from his illness?
What did Tesla's father originally want him to do?
Where was Tesla born?
When did Tesla return to Smiljan?
What illness did Tesla contract when he returned to Smiljan?
How long was Tesla bedridden after contracting cholera?
What did Tesla's father originally want him to do?
What did Tesla's father promise to do if he recovered from his illness?
Where did Tesla escape to avoid being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
Whose works did Tesla say helped him recover from illness?
What did Tesla explore in Tomingaj?
When did Tesla escape being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
What type of clothing did Tesla wear when he explored the mountains?
What did Tesla avoid in 1874?
When did Tesla escape being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
What did Tesla do in Tomingaj?
Whose works did Tesla say helped him recover from illness?
When did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
Where did Tesla enroll in 1875?
When did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla become addicted to after losing his scholarship?
How many Sundays and holidays did Tesla work?
Where was Austrian Polytechnic located?
When did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
When did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla do with his allowance and tuition money during his third year?
What did Tesla's professors warn him about after his father's death?
What did Tesla do in December 1878?
Why did Tesla leave Graz?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What did Milutin Tesla ask Nikola to do?
What happened to Nikola Tesla when he refused to return to Graz?
In what year did Tesla leave Graz?
Why did Tesla leave Graz?
What did Tesla's friends think of him after he left school?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What happened to Nikola Tesla when he refused to return to Graz?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospi?
When was Tesla returned to Gospi?
What was Milutin Tesla's age when he died?
What did some sources say Tesla died of?
What was Tesla's occupation after his death?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospi?
In what year did Tesla die?
What was the name of Tesla's old school?
What did some sources say Tesla died of?
Where did Tesla go to study in 1880?
Why didn't Tesla enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University?
What was Tesla's job at Charles-Ferdinand University?
What university did Tesla not enroll in?
Where did Tesla go to study in 1880?
In what year did two of Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospi for Prague?
What university did Tesla not enroll in?
Who helped Tesla leave Gospi for Prague?
Where did Tesla move in 1881?
What telegraph company did Tesla work for in Budapest?
What position was given to Tesla at the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What did Tesla claim to have perfected?
What did Tesla do instead of working for the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
When did Tesla move to Budapest?
What was the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What telegraph company did Tesla work for in Budapest?
What position was given to Tesla at the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
When did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company?
Where did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company?
Where did Tesla relocate to in 1884?
Who hired Tesla to work at his Edison Machine Works?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
What company did Tesla work for in France?
Where did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company?
In what year did Tesla move to New York City?
Who hired Tesla to work at his Edison Machine Works?
Where was the Edison Machine Works located?
How much money did Edison offer Tesla to redesign their generators?
What did Edison offer Tesla in exchange for his work?
How long did it take for Tesla to redesign Edison's generators?
How much money did Edison offer Tesla to redesign their generators?
What did Edison say to Tesla that he didn't understand?
What did Edison offer Tesla in exchange for his work?
Who did Tesla partner with in 1886?
What company did Lane and Vail finance?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
What were Tesla's designs the first to be issued in the US?
What were the first patents issued to Tesla in the US?
Who did Tesla partner with in 1886?
When did Tesla partner with Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail?
What company did Lane and Vail finance?
What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do?
Who designed arc light based illumination systems?
What did the investors do to Tesla?
How did Tesla feel about losing control of his patents?
What did Tesla do for $2 a day?
When did Tesla question the value of his education?
How did Tesla lose control of his patents?
What did Tesla do for $2 a day?
What did Tesla have to work at after being forced out of the company?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
When was the Tesla Electric Company formed?
What percentage of the profits from Tesla's patents went to the Tesla Electric Company?
Where was Tesla's laboratory located?
In what year did Tesla meet Alfred S. Brown?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
Along with Alfred S. Brown and Charles F. Peck, who was a New York attorney?
Where did the Tesla Electric Company set up a laboratory?
What was the name of the company formed by Alfred S. Brown and Charles F. Peck?
What did Tesla develop in 1887?
When was Tesla's induction motor patented?
What did Tesla's motor not need?
What did Tesla's motor avoid by not needing a commutator?
What type of design did Tesla's induction motor have?
In what year did Tesla develop an induction motor?
Why was alternating current used in Tesla's motor?
What did Tesla's motor avoid servicing and replacing?
In what year was Tesla's induction motor patented?
What was Thomas Commerford Martin's job?
Where did Thomas Commerford Martin arrange for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system?
When did Thomas Commerford Martin arrange for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system?
Why didn't Westinghouse get a patent on Tesla's induction motor?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine in 1888?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine in 1888?
Who did engineers working for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company report to that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system?
What Italian physicist presented a paper in March 1888?
What was Galileo Ferraris profession?
Who reported to George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's designs?
Who did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with?
What was Tesla's job title at Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's designs?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay Tesla per month to be a consultant?
Where was Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's lab located?
In what city did Tesla work?
What did Tesla help create in Pittsburgh?
What type of alternating current system did Tesla propose?
What did the Westinghouse engineers use instead of Tesla's induction motor?
Why did Tesla help create an alternating current system in Pittsburgh?
What did the Westinghouse engineers use instead of Tesla's induction motor?
Who were the two main players in the "War of Currents"?
What was the "War of Currents" a competition between Edison and Westinghouse?
What did Edison Machine Works pursue in 1890?
Thomas Edison's company was consolidated into what conglomerate?
Which side of the "War of Currents" was Tesla on?
Who held all the patents for DC and the incandescent light?
When was Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor?
Why did Tesla's motor have to be put on hold?
Thomas Edison's company was consolidated into what conglomerate?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
What was the name of the system that Tesla demonstrated at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What was the name of the system that Tesla demonstrated at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held?
When did George Westinghouse win the bid to light the World's Columbian Exposition?
What was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a key event in the history of?
Who sought Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power generated at the falls?
Where was Westinghouse Electric awarded a contract to build a two-phase AC generating system?
Who was awarded a contract to build a two-phase AC generating system at the Niagara Falls?
Who was awarded the contract to build the AC distribution system?
What did Tesla tell Richard Dean Adams would be the most reliable?
Who sought Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power generated at the falls?
When did Richard Dean Adams seek Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power generated at the falls?
What type of system did Tesla say would be the most reliable?
What did Tesla tell Richard Dean Adams about the two-phase system?
When was a patent-sharing agreement signed between General Electric and Westinghouse Electric?
How much did Westinghouse Electric pay for Tesla's patents?
What was Westinghouse's royalty rate for alternating current?
How much money did Westinghouse pay in royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
Who backed General Electric in the mid 1890s?
How much money did Westinghouse pay in royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck?
How much did Westinghouse Electric pay for Tesla's patents?
What was Tesla's age when he became a naturalized citizen?
Where was Tesla's laboratory located?
What did Tesla light wirelessly at both of his labs?
What did Tesla patent in 1891?
In what year was the Tesla coil patented?
What did Tesla patent in 1891?
What was Tesla's age when he became a naturalized citizen?
How did Tesla demonstrate the potential of wireless power transmission?
What organization did Tesla serve as vice president of?
What organization did Tesla serve as vice president of?
When did Tesla leave the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
What position did Tesla hold in the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
When did Tesla serve as vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Along with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, what was the forerunner of the IEEE?
Why did Tesla investigate radiant energy of invisible kinds?
What caused much of Tesla's early research to be lost?
When did Wilhelm Röntgen announce the discovery of x-rays?
What was the only thing captured in the image?
When did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy?
What is another name for Röntgen rays?
What happened to much of Tesla's early research?
What did Tesla capture when he tried to photograph Mark Twain?
Who did Tesla try to photograph with a Geissler tube?
What was Röntgen's discovery called?
When did Tesla do his own experiments in X-ray imaging?
What is another name for X-ray and X-ray imaging?
What did Tesla use several experimental setups to produce?
What did Tesla's tube work from the output of?
In what year did Tesla do his own experiments in X-ray imaging?
What did Tesla's tube work from the output of?
What type of rays did Tesla hope to generate with his circuits?
What did Tesla incorrectly believe about X-rays?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of skin damage?
What did Tesla believe was caused by ozone generated in contact with the skin?
What did Tesla note the hazards of working with?
Where can plasma waves occur?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of skin damage?
What did Tesla think X-rays were?
Where can plasma waves occur?
Where did Tesla note the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices?
Who was the Westinghouse engineer who developed an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor?
In what year did Westinghouse begin branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the Tesla Polyphase System?
Who started branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the Tesla Polyphase System?
What is the name of the device Tesla used to demonstrate the principles of rotating magnetic field in an induction motor?
Who demonstrated how to make a copper egg stand on end?
In what year did the New York Herald Tribune publish an article on Tesla?
What did Tesla do when a particle broke off the cathode of a vacuum tube and passed out of the tube?
What did Tesla feel when a particle hit him?
What did Tesla say would travel much faster than particles projected by his "electric gun"?
What is the name of the organization that demonstrated Tesla's theories on transmission by radio waves?
What device was used in the further development of radio?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his theories on transmission by radio waves?
In what year did Tesla demonstrate a radio-controlled boat?
What did Tesla call his radio-controlled boat?
Where did Tesla demonstrate a radio-controlled boat to the public?
What was the demonstration of Tesla's boat at Madison Square Garden?
What animal was hidden in Tesla's boat?
When were Tesla's patents granted?
Who made the famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission?
When did Marconi make his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission?
When did the Supreme Court of the United States restore the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
Who restored the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
In what year did Tesla move to Colorado Springs?
Where did Tesla transmit signals from Pikes Peak to?
When did Tesla perform his first experiments?
How long was Tesla's spark?
What type of electricity did Tesla study?
What type of waves did Tesla observe?
What did Tesla's observations confirm?
What did St. Elmo produce?
How long were St. Elmo's discharges?
How far away was thunder heard in Cripple Creek, Colorado?
What happened to light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab?
What did St. Elmo's fire do to insects?
What did Tesla cause when he faulted a power station generator?
What happened to the dynamos in a power house six miles away?
What caused the dynamos in a power house six miles away to repeatedly burn out?
What did sparks do to the insulation of dynamos?
What did Tesla conclude the unusual signals were?
What planet did reporters think Tesla was hearing signals from?
Where did Tesla write an article about the signals he heard?
What has been hypothesized that Tesla may have done in July 1899?
When were Marconi's experiments in Europe?
How much did John Jacob Astor IV invest in Tesla in 1899?
Why did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000?
What did Tesla do with the money?
When did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000 in Tesla?
In what year did Tesla leave Colorado Springs?
What happened to Tesla's lab in 1904?
When was Tesla's lab torn down?
What happened to Tesla's lab after it was torn down?
What was the name of the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility?
What was Wardenclyffe?
Where is Wardenclyffe located?
Who was shocked by Tesla's breach of contract?
What event caused Tesla to ask for more money?
How did Morgan feel about Tesla's request for more money?
How many letters did Tesla write to Morgan?
Why did Tesla write over 50 letters to Morgan?
What ended Tesla's relationship with Morgan?
How tall was the Wardenclyffe tower?
How many horsepower did Tesla's bladeless turbine produce?
What was the speed of Tesla's bladeless turbine?
In what year did Tesla demonstrate his bladeless turbine?
During 1910-1911 at the Waterside Power Station in New York, several of Tesla's bladeless turbine engines were tested at what power?
What type of engine powered Tesla's oscillator?
Where did Tesla experiment with mechanical oscillators?
What happened to Tesla's oscillator as it grew in speed?
Where was the article "Nikola Tesla, Dreamer" published?
What did Tesla say would happen if he continued his experiment?
What did Tesla theorize would enhance intelligence?
How did Tesla plan to make dull students bright?
Who was the superintendent of New York City schools in 1912?
Who was William H. Maxwell?
Where did Tesla look for investors before World War I?
What happened to Tesla's overseas investors after World War I?
What did Tesla do with Wardenclyffe?
How much did Tesla sell Wardenclyffe for?
What was the AIEE's highest honor?
In what magazine did Tesla postulate that electricity could be used to locate submarines?
What was the signal viewed on?
What modern technology is similar to Tesla's system?
Who helped develop France's first radar system in the 1930s?
Who was the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to?
Who won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
What were unsubstantiated rumors at the time?
When could a recipient decline a Nobel Prize?
Why did Edison and Tesla refuse to accept the award?
How many bids did Edison receive in 1915?
Who won the Nobel Prize in 1915?
In what year did Tesla receive one of 38 possible bids?
What was Tesla's last patent?
What is another name for a biplane capable of taking off vertically?
How much did Tesla think the plane would sell for?
What was the earliest proposal for the use of in rotor aircraft?
How much did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla?
What did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay for Tesla?
How long did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay for Tesla's expenses?
What was Westinghouse worried about?
What did Tesla announce a method of transmitting in 1935?
In 1935, Tesla announced a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss over what distance?
How much loss did Tesla claim to have in his method of transmitting energy?
What did Tesla announce a method of accurately determining the location of underground?
In what year did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance?
What did Tesla do when he left the Hotel New Yorker?
What did Tesla refuse to consult after his accident?
What happened to three of Tesla's ribs?
When was Tesla able to get up from his bed?
When did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker to feed the pigeons?
What did Tesla claim to have created after studying the Van de Graaff generator?
What did Tesla study to make claims about a "teleforce" weapon?
What did Tesla say the teleforce could be used against?
What did Tesla say the teleforce could be used for?
What did the press call Tesla's teleforce weapon?
When was Tesla's death ray luncheon?
Where did Tesla make his statement about the death ray?
What type of pellets are used in Tesla's death ray?
How are the tungsten pellets in Tesla's death ray accelerated?
How much time will pass before Tesla can give his death ray to the world?
What was the subject of The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media?
Where is The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media?
Where is the Nikola Tesla Museum located?
How many volts did Tesla's treatise describe charging particles to?
The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media would put an end to what?
What did Tesla say that efforts had been made to do?
Where was the blueprint for the teleforce weapon?
What was scrutinized during the negotiations?
How old was Nikola Tesla when he died?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
Who found Nikola Tesla's body?
What sign did Alice Monaghan ignore when she entered Tesla's room?
What was the cause of Tesla's death?
What did the FBI do to Tesla's belongings?
Who was the professor at M.I.T. and a technical aide to the National Defense Research Committee?
What did John G. Trump's report conclude about the items in OAP custody?
Where was Tesla's entire estate transported to?
Who read a eulogy written by Louis Adamic live over the WNYC radio?
Who wrote the eulogy for Nikola Tesla?
On what date did Tesla's funeral take place?
How many people attended Tesla's state funeral?
Where was Tesla's funeral held?
Where was Tesla's estate shipped to in 1952?
Who was the nephew of Nikola Tesla?
Who transported Nikola Tesla's ashes to Belgrade?
Where was Tesla's estate shipped to in 1952?
Where are Tesla's ashes displayed?
How many patents did Tesla obtain?
How many countries have Tesla's patents been issued in?
Along with the United States and Britain, where were many of Tesla's patents issued?
Where are some of Tesla's patents hidden?
What time did Tesla have dinner at Delmonico's restaurant?
How long did Tesla work every day?
When would Tesla resume his work?
Who could be the only one to serve Tesla?
How often did Tesla walk?
Why did Tesla walk 8 to 10 miles per day?
What did Tesla do to stimulate his brain cells?
What did Tesla say that squishing his toes stimulated?
What did Tesla say he didn't believe in?
What was Arthur Brisbane's job?
What did Tesla believe that all fundamental laws could be reduced to?
What animals did Tesla feed at the park at the end of his life?
How much did Tesla spend to fix a white pigeon's broken wing?
What was the white pigeon's injury?
Where did Tesla walk every day to feed the pigeons?
Where did Tesla nurse injured pigeons back to health?
How much did Tesla weigh?
How tall was Tesla?
When did Tesla's weight vary the most?
Where was Tesla a stylish figure?
How many languages did Tesla speak?
What was Tesla's affliction often accompanied by?
What is the technique Tesla used to visualize an invention in his mind before moving to the construction stage?
What would appear before Tesla's eyes when he was sick?
What type of memory did Tesla have?
How long did Tesla spend at a gaming table?
How long did Tesla work without rest?
Where did Tesla study during his second year?
Who confirmed that Tesla rarely slept?
What was Kenneth Swezey's profession?
What did Tesla say was helpful to his scientific abilities?
Who was vying for Tesla's affection?
When did Tesla say he felt he made too great a sacrifice by not marrying?
Who was Tesla's loyal secretary?
Who described Tesla as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force?"
What was Tesla prone to do with his work?
What was Tesla's social nature?
Who was Julian Hawthorne?
Who described Tesla's induction motor invention as "the most valuable patent since the telephone?"
Where did Mark Twain spend a lot of time with Tesla?
When did Tesla become friends with George Sylvester Viereck?
Who did Tesla express disgust for?
Who did Tesla fire because of her weight?
Why did Tesla fire a secretary?
What did Tesla tell a subordinate to do on several occasions?
What did Tesla believe could only exist in an experimental vacuum?
What was Tesla a believer in the 19th century concept of an all pervasive that transmitted electrical energy?
What did Tesla believe the all pervasive "ether" did?
In what century did Tesla believe in the concept of an all pervasive "ether"?
Whose theory of relativity did Tesla criticize?
What was Tesla's attitude towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy?
Tesla was critical of Einstein's theory of what?
What did Tesla claim to have completed a dynamic theory of in 1937?
When did Tesla start working on his own physical principle regarding matter and energy?
What type of space did Tesla claim to have discovered?
How old was Tesla in 1937?
Tesla became a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of what?
How did Tesla describe the workings of nature?
What did Tesla believe interfered with the natural "ruthless workings of nature"?
In what year did Tesla speak about eugenics?
Who did Tesla believe would become the dominant sex in the future?
In what year did Tesla comment on the ills of the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality?
What did Tesla say humanity's future would be run by?
When did Tesla make predictions about the relevant issues of a post-World War I environment?
What did Tesla say were the great Forces which would lead to the Consummation of the War?
When was "Science and Discovery are the great Forces which will lead to the Consummation of the War" published?
What organization did Tesla believe was not a remedy for the times and issues?
What religion was Tesla raised as?
What religious belief did Tesla oppose?
Tesla had a profound respect for what two religions?
What was the name of Tesla's 1937 article?
What are Tesla's religious views?
What did Tesla say he wanted to end in his 1937 article?
What did Tesla write for magazines and journals?
Where did Tesla write for?
Who edited My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla?
Where are many of Tesla's writings freely available?
When was the article "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy" published?
What book is the article "Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency" published in?
The impact of Tesla's technologies is a recurring theme in several types of what?
Where has Tesla's legacy endured?
The impact of Tesla's technologies is a recurring theme in how many types of science fiction?
What magazine featured Tesla on its cover in 1931?
What was Tesla's birthday in 1931?
What was Tesla's contribution to?
Who was one of the pioneers in science and engineering to write Tesla a letter of congratulations?
How many letters did Tesla receive on his 75th birthday?
What theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to what?
What is understood to be a task that is in principle amenable to being solved by a computer?
When is a problem regarded as inherently difficult?
What does the theory use to study difficult problems?
What are two examples of resources needed to solve a problem?
What is used in circuit complexity?
What is one of the roles of computational complexity theory?
What are two closely related fields in theoretical computer science?
What field of computer science is closely related to computability theory?
What asks a more general question about all possible algorithms that could be used to solve the same problem?
What asks what kind of problems can, in principle, be solved algorithmically?
What is the input string for a computational problem referred to as?
The input string for a computational problem should not be confused with what?
In computational complexity theory, what is an instance of a problem?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of what?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances with what for every instance?
Is there a route of at most how many kilometers passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities?
The quantitative answer to the traveling salesman problem is little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for what?
Complexity theory addresses what type of problems?
What is a string over an alphabet called?
What is the alphabet usually taken to be when considering computational problems?
What are strings called when considering computational problems?
Integers can be represented in what?
Graphs can be encoded directly via what?
What is one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is an alternate answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the answer to a decision problem?
What is the input for a decision problem?
What is the set of all connected graphs associated with a decision problem?
What must be decided to obtain a precise definition of the formal language associated with a decision problem?
What is a function problem?
What is expected for every input in a function problem?
What is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input?
Along with the traveling salesman problem, what is an example of a function problem?
Is the output of a function problem more or less complex than that of a decision problem?
Function problems can be recast as what?
Multiplication of two integers can be expressed as what?
What is one way to measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem?
What does the running time of an algorithm depend on?
How is the time required to solve a problem calculated?
What is the size of the input usually taken to be?
Complexity theory is interested in how algorithms scale with what?
What says that a problem can be solved with a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm?
What can be expressed as a function of n if the input size is n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
If T(n) is a polynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be what?
What is a mathematical model of a general computing machine?
If a problem can be solved by what, there exists a Turing machine that solves the problem?
What is the most commonly used model in complexity theory?
What does a Turing machine manipulate?
What is the most basic Turing machine?
What does a deterministic Turing machine use to determine its future actions?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism?
Algorithms that use random bits are called what?
Many types of Turing machines are used to define what?
What resources are bounded?
What are two types of Turing machines used to define complexity classes?
What is an example of a machine model that is different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines?
Random access machines can be converted to another model without providing any extra what?
What types of consumption of alternate models may vary?
What do all these models have in common?
What type of Turing machine is able to branch out to check many different possibilities at once?
Some computational problems are easier to analyze in terms of what?
What does the non-deterministic Turing machine branching capture?
What is an important resource in analyzing computational problems?
What is the total number of steps a deterministic Turing machine makes before it halts and outputs the answer?
What is complexity theory interested in classifying problems based on?
What is the set of problems solvable within time f(n) on a deterministic Turing machine denoted by?
A computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine is used to define what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of?
Time and space are the most well-known what?
Any complexity measure can be viewed as what?
Complexity measures are generally defined by what?
What is generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What is generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms?
What are the three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different inputs of the same size?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity or what other measure?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring what?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different what?
What solves the problem of sorting a list of integers?
What is the case when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order?
What is the worst case when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order?
What is one interested in proving upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by solving a given problem?
Analyzing a particular algorithm falls under what field?
What makes a statement about all possible algorithms that solve a given problem?
What does showing that there is a particular algorithm with running time at most T(n) require showing?
Lower bounds make a statement about what?
Upper and lower bounds are usually stated using what?
What does the big O notation hide?
In big O notation, what would one write if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40?
The big O notation makes the bounds independent of the specific details of what?
What has complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework?
Some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into what?
What do some complexity classes have that don't fit into the framework?
What does bounding the computation time above yield complexity classes that depend on?
In what time can the language xx | x is any binary string be solved on a multi-tape Turing machine?
What model requires quadratic time?
What states that the time complexities in any two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related?
What is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time called?
Many important complexity classes can be defined by bounding what?
Many important complexity classes can be defined by what?
What can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm?
What are defined using probabilistic Turing machines?
AC and NC are defined using what type of circuits?
BQP and QMA are defined using what type of Turing machines?
What is an important complexity class of counting problems?
IP and AM are defined using what type of proof systems?
For the complexity classes defined in this way, it is desirable to prove that relaxing the requirements on what defines a bigger set of problems?
Where is DTIME(n) contained?
For time and space requirements, the answer to such questions is given by what?
What do hierarchy theorems induce?
What can we make about how much more additional time or space is needed in order to increase the number of problems that can be solved?
What form the basis for most separation results of complexity classes?
The time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in what?
The space hierarchy theorem tells us that L is strictly contained in what?
What captures the informal notion of a problem being at least as difficult as another problem?
A reduction is a transformation of one problem into what?
What does a reduction do to a problem?
What are two examples of reductions based on the method of reduction?
Polynomial-time reductions and log-space reductions are examples of what?
What is the most commonly used reduction?
What can the problem of squaring an integer be reduced to?
How long does a polynomial-time reduction process take?
What must be the same for both inputs of the multiplication algorithm?
What can squaring be reduced to?
What does the notion of hard problems depend on?
How is a problem X hard for a class of problems C?
An algorithm for X allows us to do what?
What is the set of problems that are hard for NP?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
Reduce a known NP-complete problem, 2, to another problem, 1, would indicate what?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What class is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm?
What is the name of the hypothesis that the complexity class P is a mathematical abstraction modeling computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm?
What class contains many problems that people would like to solve efficiently but no efficient algorithm is known?
What is an example of a problem for which no efficient algorithm is known?
What are special non-deterministic Turing machines?
If the answer is yes, many important problems can be shown to have what?
What type of problem in biology can be shown to have more efficient solutions if P equals NP is true?
How much is the prize for resolving the P versus NP problem?
Who showed that if P  NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete?
What are problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete called?
What is an example of a NP-intermediate problem?
What is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
If graph isomorphism is what, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level?
If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, what collapses to its second level?
If graph isomorphism is NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to what level?
Who developed the best algorithm for the graph isomorphism problem?
What is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer?
The integer factorization problem is the problem of deciding whether the input has a factor less than what?
What does the fact that no efficient integer factorization algorithm is known form the basis of?
What is the best known algorithm for integer factorization?
Many known complexity classes are what?
What is an example of a class that is suspected to be unequal?
RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, PH, etc. are all known classes of what?
What would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory?
What is the class containing the complement problems?
Co-NP is the class containing problems with what kind of yes/no answers?
Is NP equal to co-NP?
If NP and co-NP are not equal, what happens?
What is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
Is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space contained in P or equal to P?
What is not known if NL and NC are distinct or equal classes?
What are two complexity classes between P and L?
What is not known about NL and NC?
What are problems that can be solved in theory but take too long for their solutions to be useful called?
What might be unusable in practice?
If NP is not the same as P, what is also intractable in this sense?
What has been shown not to be in P, yet algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases?
What solves the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic in reasonable times in most cases?
Algorithms can solve what problem over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time?
Algorithms can solve the NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes in what time?
SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of what problem?
What was done by various researchers before the actual research devoted to the complexity of algorithmic problems started off?
Who defined Turing machines?
What was Alan Turing's definition of computers called?
When was the definition of Turing machines made?
What was Turing machines a simplification of?
What paper laid out the definitions of time and space complexity and proved the hierarchy theorems?
Who wrote the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?
When was "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
Along with the hierarchy theorems, what definitions of complexity were laid out in "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?
When was "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
Who wrote the definition of linear bounded automata?
When was Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets published?
Who wrote a paper on real-time computations in 1962?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems assume some concrete choice of what?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems assume some concrete choice of what?
Who developed an axiomatic complexity theory in 1967?
What was the result of Manuel Blum's axiomatic complexity theory?
What was the name of Richard Karp's 1972 paper?
How many diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems are NP-complete?
What is a course of study called?
What is the science of teaching?
Where must a person who wishes to become a teacher obtain professional qualifications?
What do teachers use to facilitate student learning?
Where is the role of teacher often formal and ongoing?
A teacher's role may vary among what?
Along with literacy, what type of instruction can a teacher provide?
Along with literacy and numeracy, vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, and life skills, what is another area in which a teacher may provide instruction?
What type of instruction can a teacher provide?
What is an example of a transient or ongoing role for a teacher?
In some countries, formal education can take place through what?
In some countries, what type of education can take place through home schooling?
What type of role does a family member play in a child's education?
What can a person with a transient or ongoing role in a home schooling setting bring to the classroom?
Gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas are examples of what type of teacher?
What type of texts can gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas teach?
Religious and spiritual teachers may teach religious texts such as what?
Gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas are examples of what?
What is it called when teaching is carried out within the family?
Who carries out formal teaching?
What is another name for CPA?
Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family, or in what?
Who carries out formal teaching?
What can a teacher help with outside of the classroom?
Outside of the classroom, what type of activities might a teacher supervise?
What do teachers supervise outside of the classroom?
Who may accompany students on field trips, supervise study halls, and serve as supervisors of extracurricular activities?
What are generally established to serve and protect the public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession?
Why are teacher's colleges established?
Who does a teacher's college serve to protect?
What profession does a variety of bodies aim to instill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of?
What do teacher's colleges enforcing?
Who may complain to a teacher's college?
What do teacher's colleges conduct hearings into?
What institutions are responsible for setting standards of practice, providing for the ongoing education of teachers, investigating complaints and accrediting teacher education programs?
What institutions are responsible for setting standards of practice, providing for the ongoing education of teachers, investigating complaints and accrediting teacher education programs?
What institutions are responsible for setting standards of practice, providing for the ongoing education of teachers, investigating complaints and accrediting teacher education programs?
In what type of environment might a teacher facilitate student learning?
What is the term for a teacher who teaches on an individual basis?
Teachers facilitate student learning in a school or what?
What do teachers do in education?
What type of approach to learning is used?
What are different ways to teach referred to as?
What do teachers often accompany students on?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What has changed the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What is an example of a practical objective?
Who determines standardized curricula?
What kind of disabilities can a teacher interact with?
What age can a teacher interact with?
What type of curricula may a teacher follow?
Teaching using pedagogy involves assessing the educational levels of the students on what?
What does the real bulk of learning take place in?
What should a teacher do to the timid?
What should a teacher do to the cocky?
Who uses the whole gamut of psychology to get each new class of rookies off the bench and into the game?
What is perhaps the most significant difference between primary school and secondary school teaching?
What does a primary school teacher teach?
What type of teachers are in secondary schools?
What type of school does each class have a teacher who stays with them for most of the week?
What role do primary school teachers play as a parent?
What type of approaches do exist for primary education?
What is another name for a system that involves placing a group of students together in one class that moves from one specialist to another for every subject?
How do students derive a strong sense of security?
What does a teacher who specializes in one subject tend to be more of?
Where is this true throughout most of the world?
What is defined as two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom?
Co-teaching is defined as how many teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom?
What does co-teaching focus the student on?
Co-teaching is defined as two or more teachers working how?
What does co-teaching provide students?
What was the most common form of school discipline?
What was a teacher expected to act as while a child was in school?
What was open to a substitute parent?
What type of school discipline was corporal punishment?
When was a teacher expected to act as a substitute parent?
How common was corporal punishment in the past?
What countries have banned corporal punishment?
In what country is corporal punishment still legal?
Who ruled that paddling did not violate the US Constitution?
What is the purpose of corporal punishment?
How many US states have banned corporal punishment?
What region of the US has the most states that have not banned corporal punishment?
Is corporal punishment still used to a significant degree or declining?
What is used to administer corporal punishment in American schools?
Where is corporal punishment usually administered?
What is an example of official corporal punishment?
Where is corporal punishment still commonplace in schools?
For details of individual countries, what do you need to do?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools?
Where is detention most common?
What do students normally have to do during detention?
What do students write during detention?
A modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of what type of teacher?
Positive reinforcement is balanced with what?
What defines what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior?
What are seen as falling outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline?
What are teachers expected to do to their students?
Who advocates a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline?
Countries in what region combine strict discipline with high standards of education?
What do many problems with modern schooling stem from?
What style of discipline do some teachers advocate?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
In what country is classroom discipline and behavior highly problematic?
What are typical school class sizes?
Maintaining order in a classroom can divert a teacher from what?
What do teachers focus their attention on?
What do teachers ignore in order to focus on motivated students?
What do teachers focus their attention on?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools believe can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority?
Along with schools, Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority.
What is the school atmosphere in Sudbury model democratic schools?
How is the preservation of public order in Sudbury model democratic schools compared to anywhere else?
What do Sudbury model democratic schools' proponents argue a school should have?
What do students rate teachers who show more enthusiasm for the course materials as compared to teachers who don't?
Teachers who have a positive disposition towards the course content tend to transfer what to receptive students?
What do enthusiastic teachers not do?
Do students who had enthusiastic teachers rate them higher or lower than teachers who didn't?
Recent research has found a correlation between students' intrinsic motivation to learn and what?
Students who had a very enthusiastic teacher were more likely to do what outside of the classroom?
What resulted in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
What has shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm result in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
Do students report higher or lower levels of intrinsic motivation to learn when a teacher is enthusiastic?
Enthusiastic teachers may lead to students becoming more what in their own learning process?
What may act as a "motivational embellishment"?
What is the concept of students becoming more intrinsically motivated by catching onto the enthusiasm and energy of the teacher?
What may contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm?
What are student motivation and attitudes towards school closely linked to?
Enthusiastic teachers are particularly good at creating what kind of relations with their students?
What does academic success include?
What must a teacher guide his student in?
What are closely linked to student-teacher relationships?
Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are what?
Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are what?
What do supportive and effective teachers spend more time doing?
What type of teacher invites student participation and decision making?
What is the third most important aspect of teacher enthusiasm?
What does a teacher need to be about the subject matter they are teaching?
A spark in the teacher may create a spark of excitement where?
What does an enthusiastic teacher have the ability to be in a student's life?
What must a teacher be enthusiastic about?
What type of misconduct by teachers has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts?
What percentage of students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country do 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
When did students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
What organization conducted a study about sexual misconduct by teachers?
In what country did a study show a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional?
What groups were included in the study?
How many young people were in the British study?
What study posed questions about fourteen types of sexual harassment?
Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau were all from what country?
Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau have caused what?
What has led to several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession?
Who is the general secretary of the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers?
What groups have been outraged by Chris Keates' comments?
What has the fear of being labelled a pedophile or hebephile led to in some jurisdictions?
Chris Keates said that teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on what?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What is a major cause of occupational stress for teachers?
Teachers are also at risk for what?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance?
What percentage of UK teachers experienced occupational stress in 2000?
In what country did a 2000 study find that 42% of teachers experienced occupational stress?
How much stress did UK teachers experience compared to the average worker?
In what year did a study find that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers?
A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than what other profession?
How many ways are there to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
What type of interventions are used to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
Stress-management training and counseling are examples of what type of intervention?
What can organizational interventions help reduce?
What type of interventions are used to reduce occupational stress among teachers?
Where are most teachers educated?
Governments may require what before they can teach in a school?
What is earned after completion of high school?
What do many educational institutions require prospective teachers to pass?
What country requires prospective teachers to pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation?
Who is responsible for education in Australia?
How many tiers does education in Australia follow?
What is the term for universities and/or TAFE colleges?
What is tertiary education in Australia?
What is the first level of education in Australia?
What does teaching in Canada require?
What is required to become a qualified teacher in most provinces?
Who funds a private school?
In Germany, teachers are mainly recruited from whom?
What are special university classes called in Germany?
What is the German term for elementary schools?
What do salaries for teachers depend on?
What are higher level secondary schools called?
What is given for teaching through the Irish language, in a Gaeltacht area or on an island?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher in Ireland?
What is the basic pay for a teacher with 25 years service in Ireland?
How much could a principal of a large school earn?
Who are teachers required to be registered with?
What section of the Teaching Council Act 2001 states that a person employed in a recognised teaching post who is not registered with the Teaching Council may not be paid from Oireachtas funds?
When was the Teaching Council Act passed?
Under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001, a person employed in any capacity in a recognised teaching post who is not registered with the Teaching Council may not be paid from what?
When was vetting introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession?
From 2006 Garda vetting has been introduced for whom?
How often will existing staff be vetted?
Who can't be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity?
What was the average salary for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers in September 2007?
What factors can affect a teacher's salary?
What is the average annual salary for a Preschool teacher?
Teachers in state schools must have at least what?
When did salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers range from £20,133 to £41,004?
What do many counties offer to attract people into teaching?
What are counties offering alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching?
How much will job opportunities vary by geographic area and subject taught?
What are expected as retirements outweigh slow enrollment growth?
Retirements are expected to outweigh slow enrollment growth, especially among what profession?
Who must anyone wishing to teach in Scotland be registered with?
What is an all graduate profession in Scotland?
How many Scottish Universities offer Initial Teacher Education (ITE)?
What does the GTCS call the status of someone who has successfully completed Initial Teacher Education?
When is Provisional Registration raised to Full Registration status?
When did the salary year for unpromoted teachers in Scotland begin?
How much did an unpromoted teacher in Scotland earn for the salary year beginning April 2008?
How much did unpromoted teachers in Scotland earn after 6 years of teaching?
What does a teacher in Scotland need to complete in order to earn up to £39,942?
What can teachers in Scotland be registered members of?
Where is a significant number of students educated through the medium of Welsh?
What is the primary language of instruction in Wales?
When are lessons in the Welsh language compulsory for all pupils?
What percentage of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction in 2008/09?
To whom is Welsh medium education available?
What can teachers in Wales be registered members of?
Is the average age of teachers in Wales rising or falling?
When did attacks on teachers in Welsh schools reach an all-time high?
What can teachers in Wales be registered members of?
Attacks on teachers in Welsh schools are a growing cause of what?
Who determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools?
How long can a teacher's certificate last?
What are public school teachers required to have?
What type of schools do not require that their teachers be certified?
Charter schools do not require that their teachers be certified if they meet the standards set by what organization?
What were teachers paid in the past?
What has improved rapidly in recent years?
What makes a teacher earn more than a teacher with a standard bachelor's degree and certificate?
Who had the lowest median salary in a salary survey report for K-12 teachers?
Where do many teachers sell their lesson plans?
How many forms of spiritual or religious teachers are there in Christianity?
What denomination places a heavy emphasis on personal, Spirit-enlightened interpretation of the Holy Bible?
Is the Pope of Rome's Confessor always or rarely a bishop?
What are the three major Christian traditions?
What is another name for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
Who can fill the role of "spiritual teacher" in the LDS Church?
What type of teacher does the LDS Church place an emphasis on?
Who is expected to defer to when in a home?
Who are Priesthood representatives expected to defer to when in their home?
What is the spiritual teacher in Hinduism called?
What is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship in many traditions of Hinduism?
Who do gurus often exercise a great deal of control over?
Where is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship especially high?
What are the teachers of Dharma in Tibet most commonly called?
What is a Tulku?
What is a Lama who has determined to be reborn called?
How many times has a Lama determined to be reborn?
How has a Lama determined to be reborn?
What is the term for teachers who teach of the laws of Islam?
What is the term for teachers who teach of the laws of Islam?
What is the more spiritual or mystical Islamic tradition?
What is the opposite of exoteric in Sufism?
Who is the highest living saint in Sufism?
What was Martin Luther's nationality?
When did Martin Luther die?
What church did Martin Luther reject?
What did Luther believe could not be purchased with money?
What did Luther's refusal to retract all of his writings result in?
How is salvation received?
What did Luther believe was the only way to receive eternal life?
Whose office did Luther challenge by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What did Luther consider all baptized Christians to be?
What did Luther translate into the vernacular?
What did Luther's translation of the Bible foster the development of?
What was the name of the English translation of the Bible that was influenced by Luther's work?
His hymns influenced the development of what?
What did his marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage?
When was Martin Luther born?
Where was Martin Luther born?
What empire was Saxony a part of when Martin Luther was born?
What religion was Martin Luther baptized as?
What profession did Hans Luther want Martin to become?
Where did Erasmus go in 1501?
What did Erasmus describe the University of Erfurt as?
When did Erasmus wake up every morning for a day of rote learning and spiritual exercises?
What was the University of Erfurt described as being a day of?
When did Erasmus receive his master's degree?
What subject did Luther drop out of school because he believed it represented uncertainty?
Why did Luther drop out of law school?
What was Luther drawn to as he sought assurances about life?
How did Bartholomaeus Arnoldi von Usingen and Jodocus Trutfetter teach Luther to test everything?
What did Luther feel Aristotle could not lead men to?
What did Luther tell his father he was terrified of?
When did Luther decide to become a monk?
Where did he go to become a monk?
What sadness did a friend of Luther's blame for his decision to become a monk?
What did Luther's father see as a waste?
What order did Luther devote himself to?
What did Luther describe his time in the Augustinian order as?
What did Luther make of Christ?
Who was Luther's superior?
What did Johann von Staupitz believe true repentance involves?
When was Luther ordained to the priesthood?
Who was the first dean of the University of Wittenberg?
When did von Staupitz send for Luther to teach theology?
When did Luther receive a bachelor's degree?
What was Luther's second bachelor's degree?
When was he awarded his Doctor of Theology?
When was he received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg?
What position was he called to at the University of Wittenberg?
Where did he spend the rest of his career?
What degree was he awarded on 19 October 1512?
When was Johann Tetzel sent to Germany?
What did Johann Tetzel sell indulgences to raise money for?
What church sent Johann Tetzel to Germany?
What is a form of faith in the Roman Catholic Church?
What is a form of faith in the Roman Catholic Church?
When did Luther write to his bishop protesting the sale of indulgences?
Who was Luther's bishop?
What is the name of the disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences?
Who wrote that Luther had no intention of confronting the church?
Which of the Ninety-Five Theses has an undercurrent of challenge?
Who said "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs?"
What did Johann Tetzel say the soul from purgatory springs from as soon as it rings?
Who objected to the saying "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs?"
Who said "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs?"
Who is the only one who can grant forgiveness, according to Jesus?
What did Jesus say indulgences did not grant?
What did Jesus say indulgences absolved buyers from?
Why should Christians not slacken in following Christ?
Whose followers must not slacken in following?
Whose teaching on indulgences for the living was in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What was Tetzel's saying about indulgences a reflection of?
What did Tetzel overstate in regards to?
What was in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What has settled as a pillar of history, but has little foundation in truth?
What has settled as a pillar of history, but has little foundation in fact?
Whose comments are based on the story of the posting on the door?
Where was Philipp Melanchthon at the time of the posting on the door?
According to scholars, what is the foundation of the story of the posting on the door?
When did friends of Luther translate the 95 Theses into German?
The 95 Theses controversy was one of the first in history to be aided by what?
Who translated the 95 Theses into German?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Germany?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Europe?
When did Luther's writings reach France, England, and Italy?
Who thronged to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak?
What part of Luther's career was his most creative and productive?
When were three of Luther's best-known works published?
What was one of Luther's best-known works published in 1520?
What did Luther do with the Psalms, Hebrews, Romans, and Galatians?
What terms did Luther come to view in new ways as he studied the Bible?
What did Luther believe about the Catholic Church?
What did Luther believe the church had lost sight of?
What was the most important for Luther?
Whose work did Luther believe justification was the work of?
When was On the Bondage of the Will published?
What did Luther consider faith to be?
Where did Luther explain his concept of justification?
What did Luther believe about the "just person" of whom the Bible speaks?
What was Luther's rediscovery of the first point that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What was Luther's rediscovery of the first point that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What did Luther rail against?
How many points did Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" become the foundation for the Reformation?
Who did not reply to Luther's letter?
Where did Archbishop Albrecht send the 95 Theses?
What did Albrecht need the revenue from the indulgences to pay off?
How much of the revenue from the 95 Theses was to go to the building of St Peter's Church in Rome?
When did Archbishop Albrecht send the 95 Theses to Rome?
Who was used to reformers and heretics?
Who did Leo X deploy against Luther?
When did Luther say he did not consider the papacy part of the biblical Church?
What did historistical interpretation of Bible prophecy conclude?
What was Cajetan's original instructions?
When did the papal nuncio Karl von Miltitz adopt a more conciliatory approach?
What did Luther promise to do if his opponents disagreed with him?
Who was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum?
What did Luther say did not confer on popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture?
What did Eck call Luther?
When did Luther set fire to the papal bull?
What did Luther have to do to avoid excommunication?
How long did Luther have to recant 41 sentences from his writings?
Who attempted to broker a solution to Luther's excommunication?
When was Luther excommunicated?
Who enforced the ban on the 95 Theses?
When did Luther appear before the Diet of Worms?
What was the Diet of Worms?
Who presided over the Diet of Worms?
Who obtained a safe conduct for Luther to and from the Diet of Worms?
Who presented Luther with copies of his writings?
Who was Johann Eck an assistant to?
What did Johann Eck ask Luther about his writings?
When did Luther give his response to the second question?
Did Luther stand by the contents of the books presented to him?
What did Luther do at the end of his speech?
What is the traditional salute of a knight?
Who called Luther's speech a "world classic of epoch-making oratory?"
What did Michael Mullett call Luther's speech?
What did Luther refuse to do?
Who refused to recant his writings?
Why are the words "Here I stand. I can do no other" considered unreliable?
What form of words did Mullett believe Luther would select?
What were held to determine Luther's fate?
When was the final draft of the Edict of Worms presented?
Who presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms?
What did the Edict of Worms require Luther to do?
What did the Edict of Worms allow anyone to do without legal consequence?
What was planned for Luther on his return trip to Wittenberg?
Where did Luther stay during his stay in Eisenach?
What did Luther call his stay at Wartburg?
What did Luther translate from Greek into German during his stay at Wartburg?
What did Luther do to Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz?
What did Luther say every good work designed to attract God's favor is?
How can God's grace be earned?
When did Luther write to Melanchthon?
What did Luther tell Melanchthon to strengthen?
This life is not a place where what resides?
When did Luther widened his target from individual pieties to doctrines at the heart of Church practices?
What did Luther do with the idea that the private mass is a sacrifice?
What did Luther say the mass should be instead of a sacrifice?
What did Luther's essay On Confession, Whether the Pope has the Power to Require It encourage?
What did Luther say monks and nuns could do without sin?
What did Luther place the foundations of the Reformation on?
When did Luther deal largely with prophecy?
What prophecy did Luther focus on?
What prophecy did Luther focus on?
What was identified as the power of the Papacy in 2 Thessalonians 2?
Who supported Andreas Karlstadt?
When did Andreas Karlstadt embark on a radical programme of reform?
What did Karlstadt's reforms cause?
What band of visionary zealots arrived at Wittenberg after Christmas?
Who asked Luther to return to Wittenberg?
When did Luther return to Wittenberg?
What did Luther say was the only way to repair the ravages of Satan?
What did Luther do for eight days in Lent?
What were Luther's sermons called?
What did Luther remind the citizens to do instead of violence to bring about necessary change?
What was the effect of Luther's intervention?
Who wrote to the elector after the sixth sermon?
When did Jerome Schurf write to the elector?
What emotion did Jerome Schurf express after Luther's sixth sermon?
What type of people did Jerome Schurf say Dr. Martin's words were bringing back?
What did Luther work with the authorities to restore?
What type of reformer was Luther?
Who did Luther banise?
What did radical reformers foment that threatened the new order?
Who did Luther have to fight after banishing the Zwickau prophets?
What was Nicholas Storch's profession?
Nicholas Storch and Thomas Müntzer helped instigate what war?
When was the German Peasants' War?
What did many peasants believe that Luther would do?
Who did peasants believe Luther would attack?
Who did Luther remind the peasants to obey?
When did Luther become enraged at the burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries?
What did Luther call the nobles to put down the rebels like?
What did Luther call the violence of the peasants?
Who did Luther call to put down the rebels?
How did Luther justify his opposition to the rebels?
What did Luther say the rebels were doing?
Who appointed all authorities according to St. Paul's epistle to the Romans 13:1-7?
What is the name of the doctrine that all authorities are appointed by God?
What kind of death did Luther believe the peasants deserved?
Without what did many rebels lay down their weapons?
Who defeated the rebels at the Battle of Frankenhausen?
When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?
What brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close?
Luther's Reformation flourished under the wing of what?
Who did Martin Luther marry?
How were the nuns smuggled out of the Nimbschen Cistercian convent?
How old was Katharina von Bora when she was married to Martin Luther?
How old was Martin Luther when he married Katharina von Bora?
When did Martin Luther marry Katharina von Bora?
When was the couple engaged?
When was the wedding of the couple?
What was left out of the ceremony?
On what date was the wedding banquet held?
Who married the couple on the same day?
What did Luther's wedding set on clerical marriage?
What did Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on?
Why did Luther long condemn vows of celibacy?
What did Luther daily expect to happen if he married?
What did Melanchthon think of Luther's decision to marry?
What monastery did Luther and his wife move into?
Where did Luther and his wife move into?
How many children did Luther and his wife have?
What did Luther tell Michael Stiefel that he would not trade for?
What did Katharina do to help Luther and his wife earn a living?
What did Luther's Biblical ideal of congregations' prove unworkable?
What did Luther establish from 1525 to 1529?
What type of worship service did Luther lay down?
How many catechisms did Luther write?
What is Luther's thought to the extent that it is a theology of the cross?
What did Luther avoid to avoid confusing or upsetting the people?
Where did Luther focus on the church?
What did Luther act as to churches in new territories?
Who authorised a visitation of the church?
What did Martin Brecht say was the beginning of a questionable and unintended development towards a church government?
When was the German Mass published?
What did Luther's German Mass not replace?
Who did Luther write a German Mass for?
What did Luther omit from his German Mass?
What did Luther's decision to make the vestments, altar, and candles optional allow?
When did Luther's visitation of the Electorate of Saxony begin?
When did Luther and his colleagues introduce the new order of worship?
What did Luther and his colleagues assess the standard of in the territory?
What did Luther say the common people knew nothing about?
What did Luther say that many pastors were incapable of doing?
What did Luther devise as a method of imparting the basics of Christianity to the congregations?
When was the Large Catechism written?
Who was the Large Catechism written for?
Who was to memorize the Small Catechism?
What did Luther incorporate in his catechisms?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
What did Luther say he was not eager to collect?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
What has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching?
Along with the Small Catechism and Luther's hymns, what other work of Luther's is still used today?
Which of Luther's works was especially effective in helping parents teach their children?
What was Luther's Small Catechism effective in helping pastors teach their children?
What language did the Larger Catechism use?
How did Luther view the Trinity?
Where does salvation originate?
When did Luther publish his German translation of the New Testament?
When was the whole Bible published?
What did Luther and his collaborators complete of the Old Testament in 1534?
What word did Luther insert after "faith" in Romans 3:28?
What is Luther's response to being criticised for inserting the word "alone" after "faith" in Romans 3:28?
Where was the variant of German used in Luther's translation?
Which two regions of Germans could read Luther's translation?
Who did Luther want to make the Bible accessible to?
What did Luther want other people to be able to do with the Bible?
What did Luther want to remove from the Bible?
At a time of rising demand for what, Luther's version quickly became a popular and influential Bible translation?
What did Luther's version quickly become?
What did Luther's version of the Bible contribute to?
Who created the woodcuts in Luther's version of the Bible?
Who's English Bible was a precursor of the King James Bible?
What did Luther do that made him a prolific hymn-writer?
What types of music did Luther connect with?
What was Luther's tool of choice for connecting high art and folk music?
What instrument did Luther often use to accompany sung hymns?
What instrument became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century?
What were Luther's hymns often evoked by?
Why were Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes executed?
What hymn did Luther write after learning of the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes?
Who translated "Ein neues Lied wir heben an" into English?
What is the first line of Luther's hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an"?
When was the three-stanza confession of faith prefiguring Luther's 1529 three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed in the Small Catechism?
What did Luther explain in the Small Catechism?
Where did Luther explain the Apostles' Creed in 1529?
What was Luther's hymn adapted from?
Why did 20th century Lutherans rarely use the hymn?
When was the hymn "Vater unser im Himmelreich" written?
Where did Luther explain the Lord's Prayer?
The hymn functioned as a means of examining candidates on what?
What does the extant manuscript of the Lord's Prayer show?
What have other 16th and 20th century versions of the Lord's Prayer adopted?
When was "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir" written?
What was "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir" a hymnic version of?
What did Luther send as a sample to encourage evangelical colleagues to do?
What was the name of the first Lutheran hymnal?
What did the expanded version of "Aus tiefer Not" express?
What was Luther's main Advent hymn?
What was Luther's "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" based on?
What did "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" become for Advent?
How many hymns did Luther write on the Ten Commandments?
What did Luther's "Herr Gott, dich loben wir" become known as?
What was the subject of Luther's hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam"?
Who wrote the tune for the hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam"?
Psalm 67 is a hymnic setting of what Psalm?
Which composer used Luther's hymn as a subject for his own work?
Where was the Lutheran Reformation introduced?
Where were Luther's hymns included?
How many of the eight songs in the First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch did Luther supply?
How many of the 26 songs in the Erfurt Enchiridion were Luther's?
How many of the 32 songs in the first choral hymnal did Luther supply?
What was the name of the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter?
Who included several verses as chorales in his cantatas and based chorale cantatas entirely on Luther's hymns?
What type of cantatas was Johann Sebastian Bach based entirely on Luther's hymns?
When was Christ lag in Todes Banden written?
When was Bach's second annual cycle?
When was Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit composed?
What did Luther believe about a Christian's soul after it is separated from the body in death?
What did Luther reject for the saints?
What did Luther believe that souls do in a prepared bedchamber?
What did Luther say about Purgatory?
Where did Luther describe the saints as currently residing in their graves and in heaven?
Who observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from later Lutheran theologians?
Which later Lutheran theologian disagreed with Luther's teaching on the state of the Christian's soul after death?
Which later Lutheran theologian disagreed with Luther's teachings on the state of the Christian's soul after death?
When was Lessing born?
Which of Luther's works contains a passage that concludes that "the soul does not sleep (anima non sic dormit) but wakes and experiences visions?"
Who argued that John Jortin misread Luther's Commentary on Genesis?
When did Francis Blackburne argue that John Jortin misread Luther's Commentary on Genesis?
Who pointed out in 1867 that this passage actually refers to the soul of a man tired from his daily labour?
What interrupts a man's sleep?
When did Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, convoke an assembly of German and Swiss theologians at the Marburg Colloquy?
What was Philip I's title?
What was the purpose of the Marburg Colloquy?
How many points of agreement were reached at the Marburg Colloquy?
What issue was crucial to Luther?
What did theologians differ on the significance of at the Last Supper?
What did Luther insist on the Real Presence of in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther call the Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther's opponents believe God to be?
How did the debate between Zwingli, Melanchthon, Martin Bucer, and Johannes Oecolampadius sometimes turn out?
In what year was the Augsburg Confession signed?
What paved the way for the signing of the Augsburg Confession?
John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach formed what league?
Who did not sign the Schmalkaldic League agreements?
Along with John of Saxony and Philip of Hesse, who was a notable member of the Schmalkaldic League?
Some scholars have asserted that Luther taught that faith and reason were what?
What is the right tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible for Luther?
Does reason contribute to faith?
What is the right tool for understanding the world outside of the Bible for Luther?
What is Luther's concern in separating faith and reason?
What did Luther write in 1523?
What did Luther lose hope in as the Reformation continued?
Who did Luther write that Jesus Christ was born a Jew to discourage mistreatment?
Along with Zwinglianism and the papacy, what group did Luther attack with venom?
When was Von den Juden und ihren Lügen written?
How did Luther view the Turks?
Why did Luther believe the Turks were sent by God?
What did Luther believe the papacy would do?
Who did Luther believe was the antichrist?
What type of war did Luther urge the German people to fight against the Turks?
What book did Luther read in 1542?
What did Luther produce after reading the Qur'an?
What religion did Luther write critical pamphlets on?
What did Luther see the Muslim faith as?
Why did Luther oppose banning the publication of the Qur'an?
What did Agricola claim that God's gospel revealed?
Who claimed that God's gospel revealed God's wrath to Christians?
Who did the anonymous antinomian theses claim the law belonged to?
What did Luther write in response to Agricola's theses?
What book did Luther write in response to Agricola's assertions?
What did Luther call the law as the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart?
What is the second use of the law?
What does Luther say is used to work sorrow over sin?
What does removing the letters l-a-w from the church not do?
What does Luther believe the church consists of?
What does the third use of the law teach a Christian?
What does Luther say is an expression of God's eternal will?
What is it called when the Ten Commandments are considered as expression of God's eternal will?
What does Luther say Christ's life is?
What does Luther say is an expression of God's eternal will?
What is the sacrament that gives Christians a renewed life?
What are the beginnings of the renewed life of Christians accorded by the sacrament of baptism?
What do the Ten Commandments direct the Christian to do in the common, daily vocations of this perishing world?
What did Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse want to do?
What was Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse implicated in?
Who did Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse want to marry?
What does Martin Brecht believe history does in regard to Luther's mistakes?
What did the affair with Margarethe von der Saale cause to Luther's reputation?
What did Luther's community do to Jews ninety years earlier?
Who did Luther consider blasphemers and liars?
What did Luther believe Jews were guilty of?
What did Luther believe Jews rejected?
What did Luther hope to do with the Jews?
What was the name of Luther's 60,000 word treatise on the Jews?
When were Von Schem Hamphoras and vom Geschlecht Christi published?
How long before his death was Von Schem Hamphoras and vom Geschlecht Christi published?
What did Luther call the Jews?
What did Robert Michael believe Luther's words amounted to?
Who did Luther speak out against in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia?
What was the name of the priest Josel blamed for the Jews' plight?
What did Martin Luther say to anyone who helped the Jews?
What did Josel ask the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of?
When did riots lead to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism in Germany?
What did Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric provide an ideal underpinning for?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What did Der Stürmer call On the Jews and their Lies?
When did seven Protestant regional church confederations issue a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge?
Who suggested preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory?
Who argued that Luther's writing was a blueprint?
Who published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht?
What word did Sasse use to describe Luther?
What do some scholars see the Nazis' use of Luther's work as?
What caused Luther to become one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism?
What did Luther's misguided agitation provide material for?
When were Luther's writings against the Jews largely ignored?
What was Luther's position on the Jews and Their Lies?
What lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism?
Who wrote that Luther "Germanized the Christian critique of Judaism and establishing anti-Semitism as a key element of German culture and national identity?"
What mentality did Paul Rose say Luther caused about Jews to enter German thought and discourse?
Who used Luther's hostile publications towards the Jews to justify the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists?
What did German Lutheran clergy and theologians use to justify anti-Semitic policies?
What did Mark U. Edwards believe was the cause of Luther's antisemitic views?
What did Mark U. Edwards say deteriorated during the years of Luther's antisemitic views?
What did Mark U. Edwards say Luther often deliberately used for effect?
What are "Turks"?
What book did Mark U. Edwards write?
When did Lutheran Church denominations reject the use of Martin Luther's statements to incite hatred against Lutherans?
What did Strommen find about Lutherans toward Jews in 1970?
Who was the author of Hitler and Nazism?
What years were the elections held?
What happened to Luther's health from 1531 to 1546?
What scandal did Luther play a leading role in?
What did Luther suffer from in 1536?
What caused Luther to rupture an ear drum?
What did Luther begin to feel in December of 1544?
What caused Luther to be short-tempered and harsh in his writings and comments?
What did Luther's poor physical health make him harsher in?
What did Luther's poor physical health make him in his writings and comments?
Who was overheard saying, "Dear husband, you are too rude?"
How many times did Luther preach in the Market Church in Halle?
Where was Luther's last sermon delivered?
When was Luther's last sermon delivered?
Who was Luther's last sermon devoted to?
Where did Luther want to expel the Jews from?
What did Luther pray for the Jews?
Where was Luther's final journey?
What did Luther participate in in Mansfeld?
When did Luther first travel to Mansfeld?
When was a third visit to Mansfeld needed?
Why did Luther travel to Mansfeld?
When were the negotiations concluded?
What did Luther experience after 8 a.m.?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
When did Luther wake up with more chest pain?
What deprived Luther of his speech?
When did Luther die?
When did Luther die?
Where was Luther buried?
Who held Luther's funeral?
What did Luther write on a piece of paper?
What language was Luther's last statement written in?
What part of Luther's statement was in German?
What size did Luther's printed images emphasize?
What were Luther's images in contrast to?
What was Luther shown to be?
What was Luther's behavior a stark contrast to?
When were printed images of Luther crucial to the spread of Protestantism?
When is Luther honoured in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints?
In what calendar of saints is Luther honoured?
When is Luther commemorated in the Church of England's Calendar of Saints?
In what calendar is Luther honoured on 31 October?
How is Luther remembered in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints?
What is the abbreviation for Southern California?
How many counties are in Southern California?
Southern California is a major what for the state of California and the United States?
What are the eight counties of Southern California based on?
Why are Kern and San Luis Obispo counties included in the 10-county definition?
What is one of the 11 megaregions of the US?
How many megaregions are there in the US?
What state is Las Vegas in?
What country borders the Southern California Megaregion?
The Southern California Megaregion extends south across the Mexican border into what city?
Along what coast is Southern California located?
How many metropolitan areas are in Southern California?
How many people live in the Los Angeles area?
What is the largest metropolitan area in Southern California?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
Along with the Colorado Desert, what river borders Arizona?
What desert is to the east of the Colorado River?
What desert is on the Nevada-Colorado border?
What border is to the south of the Mojave Desert?
In what state is Los Angeles located?
What is the population of Los Angeles?
What is the most populous city in California?
What is the second most populous city in California?
In what direction from California are Los Angeles and San Diego located?
What is the most populous county in California?
In what country are Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties in the top 15 most populous counties?
Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in what state?
How many of California's counties are in the top 15 most populous counties in the US?
Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in what state?
What district of Los Angeles is associated with the motion picture industry?
Where is the motion picture, television, and music industry centered?
What company owns ABC?
Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony run major record companies as well as what other industry?
Warner Brothers, Universal, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and 20th Century Fox are all owned by what company?
Along with surf and snowboarding, what type of culture is prevalent in Southern California?
Which professional skateboarder lives in Southern California?
Which professional snowboarder lives in southern California?
In terms of famous surf breaks, where is southern California second to?
What is the name of the annual yacht race from Los Angeles to Hawaii?
What desert city is popular for its resort feel?
What do many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for?
What part of the California coast is popular with locals and tourists?
What is Palm Springs known for?
What latitude is California's north-south midway point?
How many miles south of San Jose is California's north-south midway point?
How many counties are in southern California?
What mountains form the northern boundary of southern California?
Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains form which boundary of southern California?
Which country ruled California at the time of the division?
Political disputes raged between the Californios of Monterey and Los Angeles in what part of California?
What is the name of the city in the upper part of Alta California?
What was the name of the agreement that allowed California to become a free state?
What was California's status in the Union after the Compromise of 1850?
What were Californios dissatisfied with?
Southern California's pro-slavery southerners lived in what county?
How many times did Californios and pro-slavery southerners attempt to achieve a separate statehood in the 1850s?
What percentage of voters approved the Pico Act of 1859?
Who was a strong advocate for the Pico Act?
What newspaper defined southern California in 1900?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times define southern California as including the counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times add Imperial County to the southern California counties?
What county did the Los Angeles Times add in 1999?
How many counties did the Los Angeles Times define southern California as having in 1900?
Who promotes the state as consisting of northern, central, and southern California regions?
What is the name of the AAA Auto Club in California?
What is the point of view of the AAA Auto Clubs?
What geographical phrase would split the southern region off at the crest of the transverse range?
Which region of California is included in the phrase South of the Tehachapis?
Where does Southern California rank among the most populated megalopolis in the US?
What has been left undeveloped in Southern California?
What type of communities is Southern California famous for?
Southern California is famous for its use of automobiles and what else?
What type of region is San Diego-Tijuana?
What is the main gap to continued urbanization?
Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with what other area?
Who considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas as a separate metropolitan area?
Along with Los Angeles, what county do many commute to?
When were most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties developed?
What type of climate does Southern California have?
How often does Southern California get rain?
What is the average summer temperature in Southern California?
Is snow common or rare in the Southwest of California?
What is the average winter temperature in Southern California?
In what body of water are the islands of Southern California located?
Southern California has one of the most what type of collections of landscapes?
Along with geologic and natural ecosystem landscapes, what type of landscape is Southern California known for?
Along with the Transverse Range, what mountain range is in Southern California?
What is the interior of Southern California called?
How many earthquakes occur in the southern California area each year?
How big are most of the earthquakes in southern California?
What was the magnitude of the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
What did the 1994 Northridge earthquake cause the most of?
How much property damage was caused by the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
What fault can produce a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?
What is the magnitude of the San Andreas Fault?
What is the name of the fault that can produce a magnitude 8.0 earthquake?
Who released a California Earthquake forecast?
What does the California Earthquake forecast model?
Along with culturally and politically, what is Southern California divided into distinct regions?
What type of recognition can a city have?
Along with cultural and politically, what is Southern California divided into distinct regions?
In what year was southern California's population 22,680,010?
What is southern California known for?
What was California's average growth rate in the 2000s?
What type of economy is in the Bay Area?
What region is emerging in southern California?
How many statistical areas are in Southern California?
How many extended metropolitan areas are in Southern California?
How many people live in the two extended metropolitan areas?
El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form what region?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What is the largest city in California?
How many people live in San Diego?
How many cities in southern California have more than 200,000 residents?
How many people live in 34 cities in southern California?
Along with San Bernardino, what city is not located along the coast of southern California?
Southern California's economy is heavily dependent upon abundance of what?
Southern California is famous for tourism and what other industry?
Southern California was a leader in what during 2001-2007?
Is Southern California's economy diverse or monolithic?
How has the housing crash affected Southern California?
Motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing have been major industries since what decade?
Cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs.
Along with cattle, what was a major industry in one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S.?
Along with citrus, what was a major industry in one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S.?
What industry continues to be a major factor despite military spending cutbacks?
What type of district is Downtown Los Angeles?
Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside are examples of what?
Along with Downtown Los Angeles and Downtown San Diego, what is another central business district in Southern California?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach are all what type of districts?
Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach are all located in what area?
Where is Warner Center located?
Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale, and Downtown Long Beach are all located in what area?
Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town are what type of districts?
Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town are located in San Bernardino and what other city?
What is the name of the business district in Downtown San Bernardino?
What county is a rapidly developing business center?
Where are international corporations headquartered?
The Jamboree Business Parks is located in what Irvine neighborhood?
Along with Newport Center, Downtown Santa Ana, and Newport Business Districts, what business district is in Orange County?
Is Orange County a rapidly or slowly developing business center?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
Where are most of the business districts located?
Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Sorrento Mesa, and University City are all located in what region?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
What is the second busiest airport in the US by passenger volume?
What is the second-busiest airport in the US?
What is Los Angeles International Airport's ranking by international passenger volume?
What is the busiest single runway airport in the world?
What is the world's busiest general aviation airport?
What is the name of the commuter rail system?
How many lines of the Metrolink system run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many lines of the Metrolink system run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
Along with San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego, what county does the other Metrolink line connect?
What is the busiest commercial port in the US?
What is the second busiest container port in the US?
What part of California is home to the Port of Los Angeles?
What moniker has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base?
What type of universities are located on the Tech Coast?
The California Institute of Technology, Chapman University, and Loma Linda University are examples of what type of institutions?
How many University of California campuses are located on the Tech Coast?
How many California State University campuses are located on the Tech Coast?
What league are the Los Angeles Rams and San Diego Chargers a part of?
What league are the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers in?
What league are the Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, and San Diego Padres in?
What NHL team is based in Los Angeles?
What is the name of the MLS team in Southern California?
What team was suspended after the 2014 MLS season?
How many Major League Soccer teams were in Los Angeles from 2005 to 2014?
When was Chivas USA suspended?
Where did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA play?
When was a second MLS team scheduled to return to Los Angeles?
What type of sports are popular in southern California?
What college has a long rivalry with the USC Trojans?
What is the nickname of USC's football team?
What conference do the UCLA Bruins and USC Trojans play in?
What division of the NCAA do the UCLA Bruins and USC Trojans play in?
What is a growing sport in southern California?
What level of schools are adding rugby as an official school sport?
What do more and more schools want to make rugby?
What is the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
What is the UK's largest digital subscription television company?
When did BSkyB acquire Sky Italia?
What did British Sky Broadcasting Group plc change its name to?
What did the UK operations of BSkyB change their name to?
When was Setanta Sports awarded two of the six Premier League packages that the English FA offered to broadcasters?
How many packages was Setanta Sports awarded in May 2006?
Who won the bid for the remaining four Premier League packages?
How much did Sky pay for the remaining four packages?
What consortium was BSkyB excluded from being a part of?
What is the name of ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement?
How many BSkyB channels were available on Freeview prior to 2005?
Prior to 2005, what was the name of the third BSkyB channel available on Freeview?
What was Sky Three re-branded as in 2011?
What did BSkyB initially charge additional subscription fees for using with their service?
When did Sky launch a new TV advertising campaign targeting women?
How much does a customer have to pay to enable Sky+ functions?
When did BSkyB discontinue the Sky+ Box?
What did BSkyB issue as a standard to give all new subscribers the functions of Sky+?
What scrambling system does BSkyB use?
Who owns the VideoGuard scrambling system?
What company owns the VideoGuard system?
Who has design authority over all digital satellite receivers?
What is the Personal video recorder offering called?
What did Virgin Media remove from their network in 2007?
When did BSkyB and Virgin Media become involved in a dispute over the carriage of Sky channels on cable TV?
What did Virgin Media claim that BSkyB did?
What type of content was not previously carried by cable?
Along with Video On Demand content, what did BSkyB say their new deal included that was not previously carried by cable?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's trademark?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's trademark?
What did Microsoft announce on January 27, 2014?
What did Microsoft rename SkyDrive Pro to?
What is SkyDrive?
Who was the chief executive officer of BSkyB in 1993?
What satellites did BSkyB broadcast on?
When was BSkyB's analogue service shut down?
What platform caused the closure of BSkyB's analogue service?
How many households did BSkyB reach by mid-1994?
What is another name for British Sky Broadcasting?
What type of company is Sky UK Limited?
How many customers does Sky have?
What was the UK's most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by?
What is the name of Sky's broadband router?
Which set top box is capable of receiving and displaying UHD broadcasts?
What can all set top boxes in a household do?
When will Sky Q be available?
When will Sky Q be available?
What are BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts in?
What type of soundtracks are available on Sky Movies and Sky Box Office?
What format is Sky+ HD material broadcast in?
Interactive services and 7-day EPG use what proprietary system?
What standard does most HD material on Sky use?
When was Sky Digital launched?
What satellite was used when Sky Digital was launched in 1998?
What satellite enabled Sky to launch a new all-digital service?
How many channels could Sky Digital carry?
At what orbital position was the Astra 2A satellite located when Sky Digital was launched?
When did BSkyB launch its HDTV service?
How many people registered to receive Sky+ HD prior to its launch?
Who was the manufacturer of BSkyB's set top box?
How many customers had yet to receive Sky+ HD service due to failed deliveries?
On March 31, 2012, Sky announced the total number of homes with Sky+HD was how many?
When did BSkyB announce its intention to replace its three free-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels?
When did Setanta Sports say it would launch?
What platform did Setanta Sports launch on?
What did NTL re-brand as?
What sport did BSkyB want to replace its free-to-air channels with subscription channels?
What is the term for encrypted channels that don't require a monthly subscription?
Some broadcasts are encrypted but do not require what?
What is the name of the receiver that is used to view encrypted content?
What band of LNB is provided at the end of the dish?
VideoGuard UK equipped receivers are dedicated to which service?
In what year were talks held for the broadcast rights for the Premier League?
Who were the current rights holders of the Premier League?
How much did ITV increase their offer to keep control of the rights?
Who did BSkyB join forces with to make a counter bid?
How much did BSkyB pay for the Premier League rights?
Who enforces open access for BSkyB?
What is the fee range for access to BSkyB's EPG?
How much veto does BSkyB have over the presence of channels on their EPG?
Does BSkyB have any control over a channel's content?
Does BSkyB have any control over a channel's content?
When was BSkyB's digital service officially launched?
What was the name of BSkyB's digital service when it was launched?
What was the new name of BSkyB's digital service?
What was the name of ITV's digital service?
How many digiboxes were sold within 30 days?
When was Virgin Media re-branded?
What company re-branded in 2007 from NTL:Telewest started to offer a HDTV capable set top box?
What service did Virgin Media use to carry a modest selection of HD content?
What was the only linear HD channel that Virgin Media carried from 2006 to 2009?
What channel did Virgin Media have an option to carry in the future?
BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service became available in how many homes in 2010?
BSkyB's reach into 36% of households in the UK represented an audience of more than how many people?
When was the BSkyB target first announced?
What percentage of households did BSkyB's direct-to-home service reach?
Media commentators debated whether the target could be reached as the growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe did what?
What was Alec Shelbrooke proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits on?
What could a "Welfare Cash Card" be used to buy?
In December, parliament heard a claim that a subscription to BSkyB was what?
What did the Daily Mail report in 2012 that the UK government's benefits agency was checking?
According to the Daily Mail, a subscription to sports channels would betray what in the household?
What are the fixed annual carriage fees for Virgin Media's channels?
Is there any indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content previously offered by BSkyB?
Along with BSkyB, what other channel provider terminated High Court proceedings against each other?
Who previously offered Video On Demand and High Definition content?
Both BSkyB and Virgin Media agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of what?
How diverse is Victoria's economy?
Where is Victoria's total gross state product ranked in Australia?
Where does Victoria rank in terms of GSP per capita?
Which city is described as the "sporting capital of Australia"?
What is the largest stadium in Australia?
Where is the legacy of Chinese miners particularly strong?
Where were the Lambing Flat riots?
Where was there a riot in 1857?
How many miners were killed in the outbreak of typhoid at Buckland Valley in 1854?
What were the conditions on the gold fields?
What type of representation system was used in November 2006?
How many electorates were in Victoria in 2006?
How many representatives are in each electorate?
How long is the term of office for upper house members?
How often are elections for the Victorian Parliament held?
What is the centre-left political party in Victoria?
Which party has the most support in Melbourne's affluent eastern and outer suburbs?
Which party is strongest in Victoria's North Western and Eastern rural regional areas?
Who won their first lower house seats in 2014?
Which party is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs?
What percentage of Victorians describe themselves as Christian?
How much of the Victorian population is Roman Catholic?
What is the state's largest non-Christian religion?
How many members of Buddhism are in Victoria?
What percentage of Victorians claim no religion?
Where is Victoria located in Australia?
What is Victoria's ranking among Australia's states?
Where does Victoria rank among Australia's most populous states?
What is Australia's second-largest city?
What is Melbourne's ranking among Australia's largest cities?
What are the Aboriginal peoples of Victoria known as?
When did Great Britain claim the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian east?
Victoria was included in the wider colony of what?
Where was the first settlement in Victoria?
When was the first settlement in Sullivan Bay?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of Victorian farmland is sown for wheat?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for hay?
What percentage of Australian pears are grown in Victoria?
How many tonnes of tomatoes were produced in Victoria last year?
When was Victoria's written constitution enacted?
What is the Victoria Constitution Act 1855 based on?
Who can amend the Victorian Constitution?
What type of provisions can't be amended by the Parliament of Victoria?
What act established the Parliament as the state's law-making body?
The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's what?
What is the average summer temperature in the Mallee and upper Wimmera?
What is the average winter temperature in the Mallee?
What was Victoria's highest temperature since World War II?
When was Victoria's highest temperature since World War II?
What are other names for public schools in Victoria?
Who runs public schools in Victoria?
What are levied on students in public schools?
Who runs private fee-paying schools in Victoria?
What must all schools comply with government-set standards?
What has Victoria historically been the base for the manufacturing plants of?
What was the closure year for Toyota's plant in February 2014?
When did Holden announce it's closure?
When will Ford's plants in Broadmeadows and Geelong close?
Which car manufacturer closed its plants in Victoria in December of 2013?
How high do the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas rise?
What is the highest peak in Victoria?
How tall is Mount Bogong?
What is the Murray River system?
What is the state bird of Victoria?
What is the coldest part of Victoria?
What mountain system are the Victorian Alps a part of?
Which direction does the Great Dividing Range mountain system extend through the centre of Victoria?
What is the average temperature in the highest parts of the Victorian Alps?
What was the state's lowest minimum temperature?
Who owns V/Line?
What is the name of the company that runs an electrified passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs?
Who owns V/Line?
What type of services do Pacific National and CFCL Australia operate?
What type of service does Metro Trains Melbourne provide?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian House of Representatives?
How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian Senate?
What is the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria?
What is the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria?
Who is the Governor of Victoria?
When were writs issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council?
In what year was gold discovered near Ballarat?
What was one of the largest epochs the world has ever seen?
How much did the population of Victoria increase in ten years?
How much gold did Victoria produce between 1851 and 1860?
How many public schools are in Victoria?
How many Catholic schools are in Victoria?
How many students were enrolled in public schools in Victoria in 2010?
How many full-time teachers does Victoria have?
What percentage of private students attend Catholic schools?
Which state is the center of Australia's dairy farming?
How many dairy cattle are in Victoria?
What percentage of Australia's dairy cattle are from Victoria?
How much of Australia's milk does Victoria produce?
Where are most abalone and rock lobster exported to?
What is the broad gauge used by Victorian lines?
What are the interstate trunk routes converted to?
What are the remnants of five formerly government-owned lines?
Where were the formerly government-owned lines built?
How many formerly government-owned lines were built in mountainous areas?
When was the colony of New South Wales founded?
What was the name of the colony that was founded in 1788?
What was the western half of Australia called?
Where was the administration of the colonial government located?
When was the Eureka Stockade?
Who crushed the Eureka Stockade?
What was the armed rebellion against the government of Victoria called?
What did the rebel miners want to reduce?
What act was passed in 1855?
The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with how many seats in the Legislative Assembly?
Who is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly?
Who is in the cabinet of the Premier of Victoria?
Who is the current Premier of Victoria?
How are members of the cabinet chosen?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production in 2003-2004?
How much did the gross value of Victorian agricultural production increase between 2003 and 2004?
How many farms were in Victoria in 2004?
How much land did the 32,463 farms occupy in 2004?
How much of Victoria's total land surface is farmland?
Major events play a big part in what in Victoria?
Along with cultural tourism, what type of tourism plays a big role in Victoria's tourism?
Where are most of the major events held in Victoria?
Where do some of the major events take place?
What is the name of the music festival held at Bells Beach?
Where were Huguenot numbers concentrated?
How many French Catholics were there in 1562?
When were the Wars of Religion fought?
What gave the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
What was the term Huguenot originally used in?
Where was John Calvin's adopted home?
What was the name of the Swiss politician who died in 1532?
What was the name of the plot in 1560?
When was the Amboise plot?
What was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France?
When was a French version of the Bible prepared?
Who prepared a French version of the Bible in 1294?
When was a two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version of the Bible printed?
Where was the two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version of the Bible printed?
What did the Edict of 1598 grant to the Huguenots?
Which city was among the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté"?
What was the name of the 1629 edict that ended Protestant rule in Montpellier?
In what year was Montpellier under siege by the royal army?
When was the Edict of Alès?
Where did individual Huguenots settle from as early as 1671?
Where did Maria de la Queillerie settle?
Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
Where did the first organised group of Huguenots set sail from the Netherlands to?
When did a few Huguenots arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
When did Jessé de Forest sail to North America?
Who led the Huguenots who sailed to North America in 1624?
What church did the Huguenots establish in New Amsterdam in 1628?
What is the name of the French church in New Amsterdam?
The Huguenots were the first Europeans to live in what neighborhood?
Where did several Huguenot families immigrate to after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
Who did the Huguenots purchase the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations from?
Where was Elie Prioleau from?
When did the Huguenots petition the British Crown for the right to own land in the Baronies?
Where did many Huguenots settle in the early years?
Who was the strongest opponent of Louis XIV?
What was the title of Stadtholder William III of Orange?
What coalition did William form to oppose Louis and the French?
What country did many Huguenots consider the most attractive country after the Edict of Nantes was revoked?
When did the French attack the Dutch Republic?
What decree abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France?
When was the Edict of Fontainebleau issued?
Who issued the Edict of Fontainebleau?
How many Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century?
What group opposed the Huguenots?
What was the height of the persecution of the Huguenots?
How many people were killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
What did the Huguenots have to retaliate against the French Catholics?
Why did the Catholic Church oppose the Huguenots?
When did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
Where did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
The uprising occurred a decade after the death of who?
Who was Henry IV's successor?
What was the name of the civil wars that broke out between 1621 and 1629?
How many Protestants are in modern France?
What percentage of France's population is Protestant?
Where are most Protestants concentrated?
Which mountain region still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day?
Where is the Huguenot Society of Australia located?
What was the name of the town where the Huguenots settled?
Where is the Huguenot Street Historic District located?
What contains the oldest street in the United States of America?
What does the Huguenot Street Historic District contain?
Where did a small group of Huguenots settle along the New York Harbor?
Who received the largest group of Huguenot refugees?
How many Huguenot refugees did the Dutch Republic receive after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
What was the population of the Dutch Republic at the time of the influx of Huguenot refugees?
Where were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants?
What caused the largest group of Huguenot refugees to arrive in the Netherlands?
Where did the pretendus réformés habitually gather at night?
Popular fancy held that the gate of King Hugo was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet?
Popular fancy held that Huguon was haunted by what ghost?
Who habitually gathered at night in Tours for prayer and singing psalms?
When did the pretendus réformés gather?
Where did the Walloons and Huguenots settle?
What was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830?
What was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the City?
Where did the Walloons and Huguenots settle?
What has the Weavers been adapted into?
Where is the Huguenot District located?
Where did a number of Huguenots serve as mayors in the 17th and 18th centuries?
D'Olier Street is named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland.
Who is D'Olier Street named after?
When was the French church in Portarlington built?
What did the exodus of Huguenots from France create?
Where did the French crown refuse to allow non-Catholics to settle?
Who did the French crown refuse to allow to settle in New France?
What war was the French and Indian War the North American front of?
When did the British defeat New France?
Who issued the Edict of Nantes?
When was the pattern of warfare quelled?
What did the Edict of Nantes do for Protestants?
What did the Edict of Nantes discourage?
What religion did Henry IV abandon in favor of Roman Catholicism?
What did the revocation require of Protestant children?
What did the revocation forbid?
How many Protestants emigrated to the North American colonies?
What were the Huguenots who stayed in France who became Catholics called?
Along with Britain, where did many of the Protestants who fled France end up?
Where did the first Huguenots seek freedom from persecution?
When did a group of Huguenots arrive in Brazil?
What French colony did the Huguenots found in Brazil?
When was Fort Coligny destroyed?
What became the first Protestant confession of faith in the whole of the Americas?
What language are most families in the Western Cape speaking?
What industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots?
What province in South Africa still bears French names?
What do many families have indicating their French Huguenot ancestry?
Who was descended from Huguenot refugees?
Who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina?
Where does the last active Huguenot congregation in North America worship?
What is the name of the church that the Huguenot Society of America maintains?
Which state has the largest chapter of the Huguenot Society of America?
Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of what British industry?
What is the style of lace known as?
What is the only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period?
When did Mechlin lace develop?
What two new neighbourhoods were created by the Huguenots in Berlin?
By 1700, what percentage of Berlin's population was French speaking?
Why did the Huguenots switch to German in 1806-07?
When did the Huguenots switch to German in protest of Napoleon's occupation of Prussia?
What were some congregations founded by the Huguenots?
Where did Frederick William welcome the Huguenots to help rebuild his country?
What region of France did the Huguenots remain in large numbers in?
What was the name of the group that rioted against the Catholic Church in the early 18th century?
Who did the Camisards riot against?
When did French troops hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards?
What city is Fort Caroline located in today?
Who was the leader of the Norman Huguenots?
What was the name of the small colony established by the Norman Huguenots in 1564?
What was the name of the colony at St. Augustine that was attacked by the French in 1565?
In what year did a French naval attack fail against the Spanish colony at St. Augustine?
What was the name of the outpost Jean Ribault founded?
Where was the outpost of Charlesfort located?
Who established the settlement of St. Augustine?
In what year did Jean Ribault lead an expedition to explore North America?
What prevented a return voyage for the French Huguenots?
In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to what colony?
Where did the English Crown promise the French Huguenots land grants?
What was the abandoned Monacan village called?
How many French Huguenots lived in Manakintown in 1705?
When did the Virginia General Assembly pass an act to naturalize the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown?
When was the Dutch Revolt?
Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against whom?
What was written by Pierre L'Oyseleur condemning the Spanish Inquisition?
Who was the leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish rule?
What was William the Silent's religious affiliation?
Before and after the 1708 passage of what act did an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England?
When was the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act passed?
How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England before and after the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act?
Who was a leading Huguenot theologian and writer?
Andrew Lortie became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and what during Mass?
Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in what war?
Who did Huguenot regiments fight for in the Williamite war?
Where were significant Huguenot settlements in Ireland?
Killeshandra contributed to the expansion of what?
Killeshandra contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of what industry?
Who arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community?
Who did Prince Louis de Condé arrange with to establish a Huguenot community?
What type of works did the Condés establish?
When did some members of the Huguenot community emigrate to the US?
When did Prince Louis de Condé establish a Huguenot community?
What two Electorates were in the Holy Roman Empire?
What religion did the majority of Huguenot émigrés convert to?
Where were Huguenot émigrés accepted and allowed to worship freely?
What colony in South Africa did Huguenot émigrés move to?
What happened to the Huguenot émigrés in Quebec?
The "Hugues hypothesis" argues that the name was derived by association with who?
What argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet?
Who suggests that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to little Hugos?
Janet Gray suggests that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to what?
What do some people disagree with?
Who was a professor at the University of Paris during the Protestant Reformation?
Where was Jacques Lefevre a professor?
When did Lefevre publish the whole Bible in French?
Who was a student of Lefevre?
Who was a student at the University of Paris who converted to Protestantism?
When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Who killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris?
How many Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse?
In what year was an amnesty granted to pardon the perpetrators of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
By 17 September how many Protestants had been massacred in Paris?
Who acted aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert?
What did Louis XIV do when he gained the throne?
How did Louis XIV begin to convert the Huguenots?
What did Louis XIV do to Huguenot schools?
What included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops?
What county is New Rochelle located in?
What is the name of the peninsula the Huguenots landed on?
Who did the Huguenots purchase land from?
What was New Rochelle named after?
What was the name of the third church built in New Rochelle?
What did most of the Huguenot congregations in North America eventually do?
What led to the Huguenots assimilation?
Who established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills?
How long did descendants of Huguenots continue to use French first names and surnames for their children?
What did E.I. du Pont establish?
Who was one of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands?
Where did Pierre Bayle start teaching?
What was the name of Pierre Bayle's multi-volume masterpiece?
Pierre Bayle's Historical and Critical Dictionary is one of the 100 foundational texts of what organization?
What is the name of the patron saint of the Huguenots?
What was established by Royal Charter in 1550?
When was the French Protestant Church of London established?
Where is the French Protestant Church of London located?
Where did Huguenot refugees flock to?
When was the Old Truman Brewery founded?
Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in what states?
Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in which states?
What was the name of the special privileges granted to the Huguenots in Brandenburg-Prussia?
Who was Frederick William?
What did the Huguenots furnish to Frederick William's army?
Who invited Huguenots to settle in his realms?
Who was a prominent Huguenot poet?
Who was a Luftwaffe general and fighter ace?
Who was the last Prime Minister of the (East) German Democratic Republic?
What is Thomas de Maizière's position?
Along with nuclear power and geothermal energy, what non-combustion source of heat can be used in a steam engine?
What is the ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process?
In the Rankine cycle, water is heated and transforms into what within a boiler operating at a high pressure?
At what pressure does the Rankine cycle operate?
What type of engines are steam engines?
What was the first commercially successful engine that could generate power and transmit it to a machine?
Who invented the atmospheric engine?
When was the atmospheric engine invented?
The atmospheric engine was an improvement over Savery's what?
Who proposed a piston for Newcomen's engine?
Where was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
When did the world's first railway journey take place?
Where did the world's first railway journey take place?
In what country did the world's first railway journey take place?
Where was Abercynon located in Wales?
The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have what to recycle or top up the boiler water?
Utility and industrial boilers commonly use what type of pumps?
When did injectors become popular?
Where are injectors still used today?
What does an injector supply?
How many expansion stages are used in a triple expansion engine?
What is another name for a multiple expansion engine?
In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing'system' used?
What type of engine used the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system?
What class of passenger liners used a 4-cylinder triple expansion engine?
Who developed poppet valve gears?
Along with Stephenson and Walschaerts, what motion is simpler?
What is the usual compromise solution?
What may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox?
If the water level drops, what happens to the lead fusible plugs?
If the water level drops and the temperature of the firebox crown increases, what happens to the lead fusible plugs?
What do operators do if the lead melts and the steam escapes?
Except in the smallest of boilers, the steam escape has little effect on what?
Who patented a steam engine in 1781?
What type of motion did James Watt's steam engine produce?
How many horsepower did James Watt's steam engine produce?
By what year had engines that could provide 10,000 hp become feasible?
The stationary steam engine was a key component of what?
The history of the steam engine stretches back to what century AD?
Who described the first rudimentary steam engine?
What was the nationality of the mathematician Hero of Alexandria?
Who described a rudimentary steam turbine device in 1629?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont receive patents for fifty steam powered inventions?
What type of engines came into widespread use near the end of the 19th century?
What were the stages of compound engines called?
Where was efficiency important to reduce the weight of coal carried?
Electric motors and what resulted in the replacement of reciprocating (piston) steam engines?
Double and triple expansion engines were used in shipping to reduce the weight of what?
What was the final major evolution of the steam engine design?
When did steam turbines begin to be used in the 19th century?
For outputs above how many horsepower, steam turbines are more efficient than reciprocating piston type steam engines?
What percentage of electric power is produced by steam turbines in the United States?
In the 20th century, steam turbines replaced reciprocating engines in what type of generating stations?
What is the most common source of heat for a steam engine?
What is another name for a closed space in which combustible materials are burned?
Other than nuclear reactors, geothermal energy and waste heat from an internal combustion engine, what else can be used as a heat source?
What type of heating element can be used in a model or toy steam engine?
What is the most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines?
When were early versions of the steam engine indicator in use?
Who was the most successful steam engine indicator developed for?
Who developed the most successful indicator for Charles Porter?
Where was the most successful indicator exhibited?
How many degrees out of phase are the pistons connected to the cranks in a two-cylinder compound?
When a double expansion group is duplicated, the individual pistons within the group are usually balanced at what degree?
How many degrees out of phase are the pistons connected to the cranks in a two-cylinder compound?
In reciprocating piston engines, the steam reverses its direction of flow at each stroke, what is it called?
How many piston strokes are there in a complete engine cycle?
How many rotations of the crank does the complete engine cycle occupy?
How many events are there in a reciprocating piston engine cycle?
Admission, exhaust, compression and what other event are part of the engine cycle?
What is a uniflow rotary steam engine called?
Uniflow engines attempt to remedy the difficulties arising from what cycle?
What is uncovered by the piston at the end of each stroke?
What type of steam engine does not require valves to direct steam into and out of the cylinder?
What is another name for a pivot mounting?
What are oscillating cylinder steam engines mainly used for?
Where are oscillating cylinder steam engines mainly used?
What happens to the working fluid in a closed loop system?
What type of system releases exhaust steam to the atmosphere?
What is the working fluid in a mercury vapor turbine?
What is the fluid of choice in an open loop system?
The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by what?
What is the creep limit of stainless steel?
What metal has a creep limit of 565 degrees Celsius?
What is the theoretical Carnot efficiency of a steam turbine?
What is the typical condenser temperature in steam turbines?
What was the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution?
Along with road vehicles, railway locomotives, ships and road vehicles, what transport appliances were powered by steam engines?
What is an example of an automobile powered by steam?
Steam engines were used to drive machinery in mills, mines, and what other place?
What did the use of steam engines in agriculture lead to?
What was the name of Trevithick's final locomotive?
Who built the twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca?
What type of locomotive was the Salamanca?
What was the name of the edge railed rack and pinion railway?
For what railway did George Stephenson build the Locomotion?
Who invented a method to lessen the magnitude of heating and cooling?
What nationality was Arthur Woolf?
What can be reduced by staging the expansion in multiple cylinders?
What does derive equal work from lower-pressure steam require a larger of?
In the 19th century, about what percentage of the world's electric production was generated by steam turbines?
What type of engines are less efficient than steam turbines?
What has almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications?
In the 1990s, what was used for 90% of the world's electric production?
What has the widespread application of large gas turbine units and typical combined cycle power plants resulted in?
What is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine?
Where is the waste heat from the Rankine cycle?
When did Rankine steam cycles generate about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world?
Along with coal and nuclear power plants, what type of power plant uses the Rankine cycle?
What nationality was William John Macquorn Rankine?
What is the historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency?
What was the average duty of Watt's original low-pressure designs?
What was the duty of the best examples of Newcomen designs?
How many pounds of coal is one bushel of?
Who first introduced the concept of duty?
What replaced reciprocating piston type steam engines in power generation?
What type of steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century?
The great majority of worldwide electric generation is produced by what type of steam engines?
What type of engine replaced reciprocating piston type steam engines?
Who developed the first steam-powered device?
What was Thomas Savery's first steam-powered device?
When was Thomas Savery's water pump developed?
Who improved the Savery engine to make it work by itself?
Who described Bento de Moura Portugal's improvement of the Savery engine?
Who obtained his high-pressure engine patent in 1802?
Along with Richard Trevithick, who introduced engines using high-pressure steam in 1801?
When did Trevithick obtain his high-pressure engine patent?
For what type of application could high-pressure steam engines be made small enough?
What did Trevithick's high-pressure engine have more of than previous engines?
What company has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam?
Where is Energiprojekt AB located?
How many cylinders does Energiprojekt's engine have?
How many pounds of steam does Energiprojekt's steam engine consume per kWh?
What is the efficiency of Energiprojekt's steam engine?
Where CHP is not used, steam turbines in power stations use what as a cold sink?
What is a dry type cooling tower similar to?
Where is a dry type cooling tower used?
What is another name for an evaporative cooling tower?
How many cubic metres of make-up water does a 700 megawatt coal-fired power plant use every hour?
What was adopted by James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788?
Who was James Watt's partner?
What was Boulton building when he saw the centrifugal governor?
What was an example of an operation that required constant speed?
What did the centrifugal governor not do?
After what year was compounding almost universal for marine engines?
Compounding was not universally popular in what type of locomotives?
Why was compounding not universally popular in railway locomotives?
When was compounding first used in Britain?
The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, marine engines, and what other type of engines?
Speed and momentum are gained by gradually doing what?
What is the term for excessive compression?
If the exhaust event is too brief, the totality of the exhaust steam cannot do what?
The simplest valve gears give events of what length during the engine cycle?
Who obtained the first patent for a steam engine?
What was the nationality of Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont obtain the first patent for a steam engine?
When did Thomas Savery patent a steam pump?
When was Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine used?
What are rotors?
What are the rotors mounted on in a steam turbine?
What are stators?
Where are stators fixed to in a steam turbine?
What is the typical speed of a steam turbine in the USA?
The weight of boilers and condensers makes the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant lower or higher than for internal combustion engines?
For mobile applications, what has steam been largely superseded by?
Most electric power is generated using what type of plant?
What is the movement that uses steam as a component of cogeneration processes and as a prime mover called?
Recent concerns about fuel sources and what have incited a renewed interest in steam?
What is an example of a pistonless rotary engine?
What would a pistonless rotary engine replace in a conventional reciprocating steam engine?
What is the main problem with sealing the rotors to make them steam-tight?
When did James Watt die?
What did James Watt add to Newcomen's engine?
How much coal did Boulton and Watt's early engines use compared to John Smeaton's?
What type of engine did James Watt improve upon?
Newcomen's and Watt's early engines were powered by air pressure pushing what into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam?
How many independent mechanisms do steam engines often possess?
What did safety valves traditionally use a lever to restrain?
What type of valve is locked so that operators may not tamper with its adjustment unless a seal illegally is broken?
What must be broken in order for operators to tamper with the adjustment of a safety valve?
What did a driver want from the engine when he fastened the valve down?
What was the acme of the horizontal engine?
When was the Corliss steam engine patented?
How much less steam did the Corliss engine use?
How many valves did the Corliss steam engine have?
What award was given to Corliss?
The steam engine contributed to the development of what type of theory?
Who discovered latent heat?
Experimental measurements made by Watt on a model steam engine led to the development of what?
Who confirmed Watt's discovery of latent heat?
What did Watt discover that was confirmed by Joseph Black?
What is one of the principal advantages of the Rankine cycle?
In what phase is the working fluid in the Rankine cycle?
How much of the turbine power does the pump consume?
What is the turbine entry temperature for gas turbines?
What type of pump supplies water to the boiler during operation?
What do condensers do?
What raises the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point?
What is another name for a supply bin?
What mechanism moves coal from a supply bin to the firebox?
What was readily available to land-based steam engines?
Who invented the steam turbine?
What was the first warship to replace the reciprocating engine with a steam turbine?
Along with warships, what type of vessels used the steam turbine?
When was the HMS Dreadnought built?
Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating what?
What does steam drive in a nuclear power plant?
Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to what?
Nuclear-powered ships and submarines use what type of transmission?
What country used non-condensing direct-drive locomotives for express passenger work?
When an efficient turbine is used, the TS diagram begins to resemble what?
Where is rejection located in the Rankine cycle?
What is an isobaric process?
What is the term for constant temperature processes in the theoretical Carnot cycle?
In what form is the working fluid received from the condenser?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
Along with hydrogen, what is the second most abundant element in the universe?
At standard temperature and pressure, how many atoms of oxygen bind to form dioxygen?
How much of the crust's mass does oxygen make up?
What makes up 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere?
How much of the Earth's atmosphere is diatomic oxygen gas?
What is the third most abundant element in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What is the trend of atmospheric oxygen levels?
How abundant is oxygen in the universe?
What is the atomic number of oxygen?
What group does oxygen belong to on the periodic table?
What compounds does oxygen form with most elements?
Where does oxygen rank among the most abundant elements in the universe?
At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of oxygen bind to form what?
What uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water?
Photosynthesis uses the energy of what to produce oxygen from water?
What helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
What is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis?
Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of what?
What uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water?
Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as it is a part of what?
What form of oxygen absorbs UVB radiation?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
Who showed that fire requires only a part of air?
What did John Mayow call the part of air that fire requires?
When did John Mayow die?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
What did John Mayow call the part of air that fire requires?
When did Robert Boyle prove that air is necessary for combustion?
What is nitroaereus consumed in?
Who showed that fire requires only a part of air?
Which British clergyman conducted an experiment on August 1, 1774?
What was Joseph Priestley's occupation?
What is another name for mercuric oxide?
What did Priestley focus sunlight on?
What did Priestley focus sunlight on?
What was the name of the gas that Priestley created?
When did Priestley publish his findings?
Why is Priestley usually given priority in the discovery of dephlogisticated air?
How was a mouse when breathing dephlogisticated air?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
When was one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air conducted?
How did Philo interpret the results of his experiment?
Who conducted one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
Parts of the air in a burning candle were converted into what element?
What was the name of Philo's work?
Who built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration?
What element is consumed during combustion and respiration?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, and dichromates are examples of what?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
Fire and explosion hazards exist when concentrated sources of oxygen and fuels are brought into close proximity?
What do highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote?
What is the source of most of the energy released in combustion?
Peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, and perchlorates are examples of what?
What type of oxygen was used to pressurize the Apollo 1 capsule?
Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid what will act as a fuel?
What would be the normal pressure for an Apollo 1 mission?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require?
Concentrated O 2 will allow what to proceed rapidly and energetically?
What is used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require?
Who was killed in the Apollo 1 fire?
What is the Earth's crustal rock composed of?
In what form is oxygen present in the atmosphere?
What part of the Earth is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
In what form is oxygen present in the atmosphere?
What is composed in large part of oxides of silicon?
What is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What part of the Earth is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What type of oxygen compounds are found in silicate minerals?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were what?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that the atoms in compounds would normally have what atomic ratios with respect to one another?
Dalton assumed that water's formula was what?
Dalton's atomic mass of oxygen was 8 times that of what element?
What is the correct interpretation of water's composition called?
What were highly combustible materials that leave little residue thought to be mostly made of?
What type of substances that corrode contained very little phlogiston?
What did not play a role in phlogiston theory?
What was one of the first clues that the phlogiston theory was incorrect?
What do most common objects appear to do when something burns?
What is the bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms called?
How many oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other in dioxygen?
What is the term for sequential, low-to-high energy filling of orbitals?
How are the oxygen atoms bonded to each other in dioxygen?
What is formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms?
When was oxygen discovered?
When was Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire?
Why is Joseph Priestley given priority over Carl Wilhelm Scheele?
Who coined the name oxygen?
Antoine Lavoisier's experiments with oxygen helped to discredit what theory of combustion and corrosion?
An electron configuration with two unpaired electrons as found in dioxygen is termed what?
What is the ground state of the O 2 molecule referred to as?
An electron configuration with two what is found in dioxygen?
Triplet oxygen prevents what type of combustion?
The highest energy, partially filled orbitals are what?
What rushed in when Lavoisier opened the container?
In one experiment, Lavoisier observed that there was no overall increase in what when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
In one experiment, Lavoisier observed that there was no overall increase in what when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
When was Sur la combustion en general published?
What is the name of the gas that does not support combustion and respiration?
What is Trioxygen usually known as?
What type of oxygen is ozone?
What is ozone damaging to?
What does the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere function as for the planet?
What is the abbreviation for ultraviolet radiation?
What is the common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth?
What is responsible for the exothermic reaction of O2 with any organic molecule?
Dioxygen is a minor or major part of the Earth's atmosphere?
Why is O2 used by animals in cellular respiration?
O2 is used by animals in what process?
Who was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study in 1891?
When was James Dewar able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was the first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen developed?
What type of welding was demonstrated for the first time by burning a mixture of acetylene and compressed O 2?
Which element is more soluble in water than nitrogen?
What is the solubility of oxygen in water dependent on?
At 25 °C and 1 standard atmosphere (101.3 kPa) of air, how much oxygen does freshwater contain per liter?
What type of water contains about 4.95 milliliters of oxygen per liter?
How much more oxygen dissolves at 0 °C than at 20 °C?
What is oxygen's rank as a chemical element in the Earth's biosphere?
Where does oxygen rank among the most abundant chemical elements in the universe?
What percentage of the Sun's mass is oxygen?
What is oxygen the major component of?
How is the O 2 surrounding Mars and Venus produced?
In what century did scientists realize that air could be liquefied?
How could air be liquefied?
Who discovered liquid oxygen?
How much of the liquid was produced in Pictet's and Cailletet's methods?
When was oxygen liquified in stable state for the first time?
What planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the Earth?
What isotope does the Sun have a higher proportion of than the Earth?
What crashed and returned a silicon wafer to Earth?
What process depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk of protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence of dust grains that formed the Earth?
What planet has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than the sun?
What is the name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O 2 in which all the electron spins are paired?
What is singlet oxygen more reactive towards than molecular oxygen?
In nature, singlet oxygen is commonly formed from water during what process?
What produces singlet oxygen in the troposphere?
What plays a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen?
Who measures the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what the climate was like millions of years ago?
What did paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine millions of years ago?
How much heavier is oxygen-18?
What isotope of oxygen is heavier than oxygen-16?
When does snow and rain tend to be higher in oxygen-16?
What wavelengths do oxygen's spectrophotometric absorption bands peak at?
What has it been proposed as a possible method of monitoring from satellites on a global scale?
Where have some scientists proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies to characterize plant health status?
On what scale has the carbon cycle been monitored from satellites?
What kind of scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies to characterize plant health status from a satellite platform?
In the triplet form, O 2 molecules are what?
What is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet?
Spin magnetic moments are caused by what in a molecule?
In the triplet form, O 2 molecules are paramagnetic when it is in the presence of what?
A bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of what?
What are reactive oxygen species?
What does the immune system of higher organisms create peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to do?
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the hypersensitive response of plants against what?
What type of organisms are toxic to oxygen?
When did O 2 begin to accumulate in the atmosphere?
At what temperature does oxygen condense?
What color is liquid oxygen?
What is fractional distillation used to obtain high-purity liquid oxygen?
What is used as a coolant to produce liquid oxygen?
Liquid oxygen must be segregated from what?
Free oxygen occurs in solution in what body of water?
At what temperature does the solubility of O2 increase?
Why do polar oceans support a much higher density of life?
What grows in water polluted with nitrates and phosphates?
What do scientists measure to assess water quality?
When did photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolve?
During what eon did free oxygen first appear in significant quantities?
What did the first billion years of free oxygen form?
When did free oxygen reach 10% of its present level?
When did free oxygen begin to outgas from the oceans?
What is the unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth the result of?
What type of cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth?
How many reservoirs of oxygen are there on Earth?
What is the main driving factor of the oxygen cycle?
What gas is the result of the oxygen cycle?
What absorbs nitrogen and delivers a gas stream that is 90% to 93% O 2?
What percentage of the gas stream is produced by the zeolite molecular sieves?
What does the zeolite molecular sieves absorb?
Oxygen gas is increasingly obtained by what type of technologies?
What is passing a stream of clean, dry air through a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves?
What can oxygen gas be produced through electrolysis?
What are the molecular formulae of oxygen and hydrogen?
What type of electricity must be used to produce oxygen gas?
What is the electrocatalytic O 2 evolution from?
What type of catalysts can be used?
What is the history of oxygen use?
What is the supposed effect of oxygen?
What do professional athletes wear oxygen masks to get a boost in?
What is a more likely explanation for the performance boost from oxygen masks?
During what type of exercise do studies support a performance boost from enriched O 2 mixtures?
What uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O 2 around the patient and the medical staff?
What does increased O2 concentration in the lungs help to displace from the heme group of hemoglobin?
What causes gas gangrene?
What happens to divers who decompress too quickly after a dive?
What is used to treat emphysema?
What part of the body does oxygen therapy ease work load on?
What is used in medicine to uptake oxygen from the air?
Uptake of O2 from the air is the essential purpose of what?
Any disease that impairs the body's ability to take up and use what type of oxygen?
Why does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
What is wüstite?
Aluminium and titanium are oxidized in the presence of air and become coated with a thin film of what?
What does a thin film of oxide slow?
Passengers traveling in (pressurized) commercial airplanes have an emergency supply of O 2 automatically supplied to them in case of what?
What type of oxygen generators are activated by sudden cabin pressure loss?
What type of reaction produces a steady stream of oxygen gas?
What is produced by the exothermic reaction?
High pressure oxygen tanks, cryogenics and chemical compounds are used for what?
What is used to refill bulk liquid oxygen storage containers?
What is oxygen often transported in bulk as?
In what form is oxygen shipped in smaller cylinders?
Where are bulk liquid oxygen storage containers used?
Acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, furan, THF, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl ether, and formic acid are examples of what?
Alcohols are one of the most important classes of what?
Acetone and phenol are used as what in the synthesis of many different substances?
What are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms?
Alcohols are one of the most what classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
What is oxygen found in almost all of?
How many common complex biomolecules contain no oxygen?
What organic compounds contain the largest proportion by mass of oxygen?
All fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and what else contain oxygen?
Where does calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite occur?
What can happen to the lungs and central nervous system in deep scuba diving?
Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O 2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to what?
Exposure to an O 2 partial pressure greater than what can lead to convulsions?
What can occur by breathing an air mixture with 21% O 2 at 66m or more of depth?
What is the most feared effect of acute oxygen toxicity for divers?
Why does breathing pure O2 in space cause no damage?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas in a spacesuit?
What is the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas in a spacesuit?
What does breathing pure O 2 in space cause?
How much more is the resulting O 2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood than normal sea-level O 2 partial pressure?
When can oxygen gas be toxic?
At what pressure does oxygen toxicity usually begin to occur?
What is the composition of oxygen at standard pressure?
Patients on what type of ventilators are at risk for oxygen toxicity?
What percentage of O2 is typically found in gas supplied through oxygen masks in medical applications?
When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?
What was the global price of oil by the end of the 1973 oil embargo?
In what year was the second oil crisis?
What was the 1973 oil crisis called?
Who proclaimed an oil embargo in 1973?
Why did some European nations and Japan seek to disassociate themselves from United States foreign policy in the Middle East?
What did the Nixon Administration arrange?
When did Secretary of State Henry Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula?
When did Arab oil producers lift the embargo?
When did the US pull out of the Bretton Woods Accord?
What was the value of the dollar left to do after the US pulled out of the Bretton Woods Accord?
What did the industrialized nations do in anticipation of currency fluctuations?
When did OPEC issue a joint communiqué stating that they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold?
Why did oil producers' real income decrease?
How much did the dollar price of oil rise from 1947 to 1967?
When did OPEC slow to adjust prices to reflect the dollar depreciation?
During what years did OPEC's prices and incomes return to Bretton Woods levels?
When had the price of oil remained fairly stable versus other currencies and commodities?
When did Syria and Egypt launch a surprise attack on Israel?
Who was the world's second-largest oil exporter?
How much more did the Shah of Iran say the West should pay for oil?
Who was the world's second-largest oil exporter?
What released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices?
Why did OPEC raise the price of oil by 70%?
When did OPEC raise the posted price of oil by 70%?
How long did OPEC agree to cut production in monthly increments?
How much money did Nixon ask Congress to appropriate for emergency aid to Israel?
Why did OPEC raise the price of oil by 70%?
How much money did Saudi Arabia spend to spread Wahhabism?
Who did al-Haramain Foundation distribute funds to?
Where did arms purchases exacerbate political tensions?
What was the cause of the lower prices for export commodities?
What is the fundamentalist interpretation of Islam that Saudi Arabia spread?
What has been held responsible for recessions, periods of excessive inflation, reduced productivity, and lower economic growth?
The possibility that the Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with what country was of more concern to the US than oil?
Prior to what year was there a negotiated settlement between the US and the USSR?
Interest groups and government agencies worried about energy were no match for who's dominance?
What had a negative influence on the US economy?
What industry was affected by the price increases?
What were inflationary and deflationary impacts of the embargo?
Where did oil companies search for new ways to increase oil supplies?
How long did it usually take to find oil and develop new fields after the embargo?
Which member of the EEC faced a complete embargo?
Who did the UK and France refuse to allow to use their airfields?
Which country had traditionally been an ally of Israel?
Who did Harold Wilson support during the Six-Day War?
Who was Harold Wilson's successor?
Which country was relatively unaffected by the embargo?
What became a major factor in the change of government?
When did coal miners and railroad workers strike?
Along with the UK, Italy, Switzerland and Norway, what country banned flying, driving and boating on Sundays?
Which country rationed gasoline and heating oil?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
Why was newly discovered oil sold at a higher price?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
How was scarcity addressed?
Who was the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
When was William E. Simon appointed Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
What was the purpose of the Federal Energy Office?
When did the American Automobile Association report that 20% of American gasoline stations had no fuel?
What was the national maximum speed limit in 1974?
What act imposed a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph?
Who signed the National Highway Designation Act?
When did Bill Clinton sign the National Highway Designation Act?
In what year was the Department of Energy created?
What led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels?
What have American energy policies ignored?
Who has repeatedly backed policies that promise solutions that are politically expedient but whose prospects are doubtful?
Who was distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries?
Who ordered a British intelligence estimate of U.S. intentions?
How long did intelligence warn the American occupation would last?
Who did intelligence warn would be alienated if the US took over Middle Eastern oil fields?
Which country was the most dependent on Arab oil?
How much of Japan's imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970?
What happened to Japan's oil production in December of 1973?
When did Japan issue a statement asserting that Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories?
By what date was Japan considered an Arab-friendly state?
What was one sign of insecurity in the region?
Which two countries became increasingly dependent on American security assurances?
Which Arab nation was forced to deal with the prospect of internal destabilization by the radicalism of Islamism?
When did the Shah lose control of Iran?
When did Wahhabi extremists seize the Grand Mosque in Mecca?
What did the crisis reduce the demand for?
Who became mass-market leaders with unibody construction and front-wheel drive?
What American cars were more fuel efficient than Japanese imports?
Who became the mass-market leader with unibody construction and front-wheel drive?
When did Honda, Toyota and Nissan open US assembly plants?
What was the name of the larger car introduced by Toyota and Nissan?
Along with air conditioning, AM-FM radios and power windows, what was added to the Datsun 810?
Along with Acura and Infiniti, what luxury division did Honda, Toyota and Nissan open US assembly plants after the 1973 oil crisis?
Along with the Datsun Truck, what was a compact truck introduced?
What did Mitsubishi rebrand its Forte as?
Who did Mazda, Mitsubishi and Isuzu have joint partnerships with?
What policy did the American makers end?
What forced General Motors, Ford and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel efficient models for domestic sales?
The Ford Fiesta and the Chevrolet Chevette all had room for how many passengers by the late 1970s?
In what year did the average American vehicle move 17.4 miles per gallon?
What is another name for the Mercury Marquis?
What was the only full-size model that did not recover?
By what year had virtually all "full-size" American cars shrunk?
What year did Chrysler stop producing full-size luxury sedans?
What compact car was a prelude to the DOT "downsize" revision?
When was OPEC's production surpassed by other countries?
During what decade did the world price of oil decrease to less than $10 per barrel?
What was Saudi Arabia trying to do?
What was the peak price of oil in 1979?
What was the name of the one-man spacecraft that put the first Americans into space?
Who carried out the Apollo program?
When was the first manned flight of Apollo?
Who was in charge of the Apollo program?
How many people were in Project Gemini?
When did the Apollo program run?
Which program developed some of the space travel techniques that were necessary for the success of the Apollo missions?
The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was a joint Earth orbit mission with what country?
What was the name of the space station that supported three manned missions in 1973-74?
In what year did the Apollo 1 crew die in a cabin fire?
When did the Apollo 1 crew die?
What forced the cancellation of three of the Apollo missions?
How many of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings?
What prevented the Apollo 13 landing?
What was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body?
Which mission marked the sixth Moon landing?
How much lunar rocks and soil did the Apollo 17 mission return to Earth?
What areas of technology did the Apollo program spur?
How many astronauts could the Mercury capsule carry on an Earth orbital mission?
How many astronauts could the Apollo program carry?
Who named the Apollo program?
What was the ultimate mission of the Apollo program?
When was the Apollo program conceived?
In what year was the Apollo program announced?
Who led NASA's in-house spacecraft design studies?
How many study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair, General Electric, and the Glenn L. Martin Company?
Who announced the Apollo program in 1960?
Who was elected president in 1960?
Who did Kennedy promise American superiority over in the fields of space exploration and missile defense?
What was Kennedy put off by about the manned Moon landing?
Who requested a 30 percent budget increase for NASA?
Up until 1960, John F. Kennedy had been speaking out against what?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
Who did America fear being left behind in a technological competition with?
How long after Gagarin's flight did congressmen pledge their support for a crash program?
How did Kennedy respond to the news of Yuri Gagarin's space flight?
When did Kennedy send a memo to Johnson asking him to look into the status of America's space program?
Who did Kennedy ask to look into the status of America's space program?
How long did it take Johnson to respond to Kennedy's April 20 memo?
What did Johnson conclude about America's space program?
Who was given authority to grow the Space Task Group into a new center?
Where was Robert R. Gilruth's Space Task Group located?
Where was the site chosen for the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Who donated the land for the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Where was the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station located?
Where was the Launch Operations Center located?
Who was responsible for the design, development and construction of the Launch Operations Center?
What was Kurt H. Debus's title at the Launch Operations Center?
Whose death caused President Johnson to rename the LOC and Cape Canaveral?
How many launch pads were planned for the LOC?
Gemini and which other spacecraft were initially received in the Operations and Checkout Building?
The Apollo spacecraft could be tested in two vacuum chambers capable of simulating atmospheric pressure at altitudes up to what?
How big was the Vertical Assembly Building?
Who did Administrator Webb recruit for a high management job?
When did Webb announce Mueller's appointment as Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
Who did Mueller replace as Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
Who did Webb appoint as Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight?
What industry experience did Mueller have?
In what branch of the US military was General Samuel C. Phillips a high-ranking officer?
Who did Mueller recruit to be the OMSF program controller?
How long did Phillips manage the Apollo program?
What position did Schriever want Phillips to hold at NASA?
What did many engineers fear would be extremely difficult in lunar orbit?
In what year was direct ascent generally the mission mode in favor at NASA?
Who did Houbolt send a series of memos and reports to?
Who headed the ad-hoc committee that recommended a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program?
When did Seamans establish an ad-hoc committee to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program?
In late 1961 and early 1962, members of what organization began to come around to support LOR?
Who became a champion of LOR?
What does MSFC stand for?
Who was Kennedy's science advisor?
Who did Kennedy hire to chair his own "Space Vehicle Panel"?
Who did Golovin leave to chair his own "Space Vehicle Panel"?
When was the official announcement of the LOR and Saturn V launch vehicle made public?
Who made the disagreement public during a visit by the President to Marshall Space Flight Center?
What did Wiesner say in front of the press?
What does LEM stand for?
What company was selected to be the Lunar Excursion Module contractor?
What did the LOR method allow the lander to do in the event of a failure of the command ship?
On what mission did an oxygen tank explosion leave the command ship without electrical power?
What did the Lunar Module provide to get the crew home safely?
In what year did the MSC study conclude that the LM was dropped?
What shape was Maxime Faget's command module?
What did detailed design begin of once Kennedy's Moon landing goal became official?
How many men would the Lunar Excursion Module take to the lunar surface?
How many astronauts was the Command Module designed to carry?
The Command Module was designed to carry three astronauts from launch to lunar orbit and back to Earth via what type of landing?
What was the exterior of the Command Module covered with?
What was used to slow the descent to splashdown of the Command Module?
How much did the Command Module weigh?
What supported the Command Module?
What was used for long distance communications on the lunar flights?
What happened to the Service Module just before re-entry?
How much did the initial lunar flight version of the Service Module weigh?
What was carried on the extended lunar missions?
Who won the contract to build the CSM?
How much thrust was required for translunar flight?
When was a program definition study conducted for the CSM?
North American Aviation built the second stage of what launch vehicle?
How many astronauts did the Lunar Module land on the Moon?
Is the Lunar Module designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere?
How much did the initial Lunar Module weigh?
How long could an Extended Lunar Module stay on the Moon?
Who was the Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center?
Von Braun was transferred from what military branch to NASA?
When was the decision made to use lunar orbit rendezvous?
What did the first four Saturn I test flights carry?
When were five boilerplate CSMs launched into orbit?
What satellites verified the safety of the translunar environment?
What did the Pegasus satellites measure?
What was an upgraded version of the Saturn I?
How much thrust was produced by the second stage of the S-IVB-200?
A restartable version of the S-IVB was used as what of the Saturn V?
How much weight could the Saturn IB send into low Earth orbit?
What was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon?
What was the diameter of the Saturn V?
How many stages did the Saturn V have?
What did the second and third stages of the Saturn V burn?
From which two Projects were the Apollo astronauts chosen?
How many missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans?
Who was the first NASA scientist to fly in space?
On what mission did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
On what mission did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
How many astronauts received the Distinguished Service Medal?
What was the highest honor given to the Apollo crews?
When were Grissom, White, and Chaffee awarded the Distinguished Service Medal?
Why were Schirra, Eisele, and Cunningham awarded the lesser NASA Exceptional Service Medal?
Which mission was the first to receive the Distinguished Service Medal?
In what year were two Block I CSMs launched from LC-34?
What was the altitude of the first Block I CSM?
How far downrange was the second Block I CSM?
Along with the Service Module engine, what was validated by the AS-201 and AS-202 missions?
What type of LM test flight was AS-206?
What would the astronauts wear on the first Block II mission?
What was replaced with a clear "fishbowl" type helmet?
What would the lunar surface EVA suit include?
What was the Block II crew position called?
Who was the Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs?
What type of astronaut was Deke Slayton?
In what year was the first Apollo crew selected?
Who dislocated his shoulder twice aboard the KC135 weightlessness training aircraft?
Wally Schirra, Eisele, and rookie Walter Cunningham were announced on September 29 as the prime crew for what mission?
What happened to the AS-205 mission in December 1966?
When was the AS-205/208 mission planned for?
What was the new name of the AS-205 mission?
Schira, Eisele and Cunningham were reassigned as what?
Who headed the "tiger team" to investigate North American's problems?
What was the name of the team that investigated North American's problems?
When was the Lunar Module supposed to be ready for manned flight?
Who was the Manned Space Flight Administrator in 1965?
Where did Grissom, White, and Chaffee conduct tests of their spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center?
Who decided to name their flight Apollo 1?
What would a "plugs-out" test simulate?
Where did Grissom, White, and Chaffee train and conduct tests of their spacecraft?
What caused the crew to delay sealing the hatch?
When did the plugs-out test begin?
What started in the cabin during the hold?
What happened to the astronauts before the hatch could be opened?
What percentage of oxygen was in the atmosphere of the Saturn V?
Who was responsible for overseeing the accident review board?
What did the accident review board conclude about the Command Module?
Who replaced Joseph Francis Shea?
When did NASA convene an accident review board?
What was used instead of pure oxygen in the Block II spacecraft?
What was removed to remedy the causes of the fire?
What did the Block II design call for replacing the Block I plug-type hatch cover with?
What did NASA do with the manned Block I program?
What type of space suits did crew members wear?
What did Mueller approve in September 1967?
What had to be accomplished in order to achieve the manned lunar landing?
What was used instead of numbers in the sequence of missions?
What was the name of the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
What part of the Command Module was able to survive a trans-lunar reentry?
When was the second unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
What test did NASA cancel because of the Saturn V's problems?
What was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
Where was Apollo 5 launched from?
Who wanted a second unmanned test of the Apollo program?
What was the outcome of the LM engines fully test-fired and restarted?
What was the ascent engine fire in abort mode called?
What was the original plan to launch Apollo 8 on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs?
What was the name of the Soviet spacecraft that sent animals to the Moon?
On what day did Apollo 8 transmit pictures of the lunar surface?
What did ASPO Manager George Low suggest that Apollo 8 do instead of orbiting Earth?
What did the Soviet Union hope to send to the Moon?
What was the name of the veteran crew that accomplished the G mission?
When was the Apollo 11 G mission accomplished?
What did the astronauts continuously send back to Earth?
Who was on the Apollo 11 crew for the G mission?
When did the Apollo 11 crew return to Earth?
Where did Pete Conrad and Alan L. Bean land in 1969?
What unmanned lunar probe did Conrad and Bean land within walking distance of?
What did the astronauts do with the parts of the Surveyor?
What was the first lunar surface color television camera accidentally pointed into?
What vehicle was added to the final Apollo missions?
What was revised for the extended missions?
How many more planned landing sites did NASA publicize?
How long would the CMP stay on the Moon?
What did NASA plan to increase on the CSM and LM for the last five missions?
What caused the crew to use the LM as a "life boat" to return to Earth?
Who were the remaining crew members of Apollo 13?
What was Apollo 13 called after an exploded oxygen tank?
What exploded on the way to the Fra Mauro formation?
When did Apollo 13 launch Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise?
What mission was cancelled in 1971?
What happened to NASA's budget after the successful landing?
What did the two unused Saturn Vs become?
By what year was the decision made to cancel missions 18 and 19?
How old are the rocks collected from the Moon compared to rocks found on Earth?
How old are the rocks from the highlands crust?
What geochemical component was discovered that has no known terrestrial counterpart?
What is the name of the important rock retrieved by astronauts David Scott and James Irwin during the Apollo 15 mission?
Many samples appear to be pitted with what?
Almost all the rocks on the Moon show evidence of what?
What is impact melt?
What was the Apollo program estimated to cost in 2005 dollars?
How many Saturn V rockets did the Apollo program purchase?
How much did the Space Review estimate the cost of Apollo from 1959 to 1973?
What is another name for the Apollo Extension Series?
What was the name of the larger orbital workshop to be built in orbit from an empty S-IVB Saturn upper stage?
The most ambitious plan called for using an empty S-IVB as an interplanetary spacecraft for which planet fly-by mission?
When was Skylab launched?
Where was Skylab constructed?
When did the last crew of Skylab leave?
What was Skylab equipped with that would have been used on the Apollo Telescope Missions?
What was the name of the NASA robot that photographed the lunar surface in 2009?
Which flag was blown over during the lift-off and return to the Command Module in lunar orbit?
What is the degree to which the U.S. flags still retain their original colors?
What mission sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth?
The crew of Apollo 8 read from the creation story in what book?
How much of the world's population saw the Christmas Eve broadcast?
What did the Apollo 8 mission provide to the year 1968?
What was the Moon landing data recorded by?
What was the format of the Apollo TV camera with broadcast TV?
What prompted NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration?
What did NASA record over the magnetic tapes?
Who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera?
Who compiled the surviving original lunar broadcast data from Apollo 11?
How was the video from Apollo 11 processed?
What type of recordings were made at the Johnson Space Center?
Who did Nafzger assign the surviving original lunar broadcast data to for restoration?
What color was the restored Apollo 11 video?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What is European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
What are secondary sources of European Union law?
Who composes the legislature of the European Union?
What is European Union law?
Regulations and Directives have what effect on the laws of European Union member states?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
Who composes the legislature of the European Union?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the main sources of primary law?
Who composes the legislature of the European Union?
How many sources of European Union law are there?
Who applies European Union law?
Where can European Union law be enforced?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with general principles of European Union law, what is a supplementary source of European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
Under what treaty can the European Commission take proceedings against a member state?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
Along with general principles of European Union law, what is a supplementary source of European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
What is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What are some sources of European Union law?
What are the EU's primary constitutional sources?
Who has the initiative to propose legislation?
Who elects the European Parliament?
Who is the supreme judicial body of the EU?
Who appoints the Commissioners and board of the European Central Bank?
What establishes that European Union law applies to the metropolitan territories of the member states?
Which region is excluded from the jurisdiction of European Union law by the Treaty on European Union?
What does the Court of Justice of the European Union do?
When can individuals rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union?
When do treaties apply?
What are the core treaties of the EU?
Where does European Union law apply in territories where a member state is responsible for external relations?
When do treaties apply
What can the Court of Justice of the European Union do?
When did the principal Treaties that form the European Union begin?
What are the names of the treaties that form the European Union?
When did Greenland sign a Treaty giving it a special status?
When did the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway sign accession treaties?
Which country signed a treaty in 1985 giving it a special status?
What were the first principal Treaties that form the European Union?
When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
When was the Single European Act signed?
In what year did the UK, Ireland, Denmark, and Norway sign accession treaties to the European Union?
When did Greenland sign a Treaty giving it a special status?
When was there an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union?
What two referendums prevented the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe from coming into force?
How did the Lisbon Treaty compare to the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe?
What type of treaty was the Lisbon Treaty?
What did the Lisbon Treaty do to existing treaties?
What happened after the Nice Treaty?
What would have happened if the European Union had a single constitution?
Why did the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never come into force?
What was enacted instead of the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe?
Who is the main executive body of the European Union?
Who has a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
Since Ireland refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007, how many Commissioners remain?
Who is the High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?
Which article of the Treaty on European Union states that Commissioners should be "completely independent"?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How are decisions taken in the EU?
Which country refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon in 2007?
Who are the unelected subordinates of member state governments?
Which Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999?
What did the European Court of Justice rule in Commission v Edith Cresson?
Who found that few Commissioners had 'even the slightest sense of responsibility'?
Who appoints the board of the European Central Bank?
Does the President of the Council and a Commissioner have voting rights at the ECB?
When was the Santer Commission censured?
What was the name of the case in which the European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job did not break any law?
Who found that few Commissioners had 'even the slightest sense of responsibility'?
What did the Committee of Independent Experts create?
When did the European Anti-fraud Office investigate John Dalli?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
How can the elected representatives of the European Parliament be deficient in the implementation of equality and democracy?
How often are elections held in the European Parliament?
What are the powers of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union?
What are the powers of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union?
Who has a monopoly on initiating legislation?
Who has powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
When were the first direct elections held in the European Parliament?
How often are elections held in the European Parliament?
What is the largest political party in the European Parliament?
Who is the Council composed of?
Who is the current President of the European Council?
How is voting weighted to member state size?
How many votes are there in total?
How many votes does the European Council have?
Which body is composed of different ministers of the member states?
How often does the European Council meet?
How many votes are there in total?
What does TEU article 16(4) and TFEU article 238(3) define a qualified majority vote to mean?
What must the Parliament vote by to block or suggest changes?
What must the Council vote by to approve changes?
Is it easier or harder to change EU law than to stay the same?
What articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
Who believes it has the final say within the EU?
What defines the "ordinary legislative procedure" that applies for most EU acts?
What does this mean?
What articles state that powers remain with the member states unless they have been conferred?
What is convened when the different institutions cannot agree on a joint text?
What branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
How many judges are there in the EU?
Most EU law is applied by what?
What is the CJEU's duty?
How has the judicial branch of the EU played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
What body deals with EU staff issues?
How long is the term of the president of the European Court of Justice?
What is the CJEU's duty?
What would not be overridden by domestic legal provisions without the legal basis of the community itself being called into question?
Why did the Italian Constitutional Court rule Costa didn't have a claim?
In Amministrazione delle Finanze v Simmenthal SpA, a company claimed that a public health inspection fee under an Italian law of 1970 was contrary to two Regulations from what years?
Who has had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different legal systems?
When was Costa v ENEL?
Who holds that if EU law conflicts with a provision of national law, then EU law has primacy?
All member states recognise that what takes primacy over national law?
What does the Court of Justice not have the final say on?
When was the European Communities Act enacted?
What does the EU's legitimacy rest on?
What is the view of the German Constitutional Court from the Solange I and Solange II decisions?
What binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
When were citizens or corporations not allowed to bring claims against other non-state parties?
What actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review?
What concerns the European Union's governance structure?
In what case was it held that the provisions of the Treaties are directly effective if they are clear and unambiguous?
What did Van Gend en Loos claim prevented the Dutch Customs Authorities from charging tariffs?
What was Van Gend en Loos?
What are EU Regulations the same as in this sense?
What does not give citizens standing to sue other citizens?
Working Time Directive requires that every worker has at least how many paid holidays each year?
Most member states require more than what in national law?
When did three Advocate Generals argue that Directives should create rights and duties for all citizens?
What happens if a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met?
Can a citizen or company invoke a Directive in a dispute with another citizen or company?
How long did Kücükdeveci work for Swedex?
Which company did the Court of Justice hold Mrs Foster was entitled to bring a sex discrimination claim against?
If a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met, a citizen may rely on the Directive in such an action?
Who has a duty to interpret domestic law?
What does article 11 of the First Company Law Directive require?
What did the Italian government fail to do in Francovich v Italy?
How much did Francovich claim from the Italian government?
Who developed the principles of European Union law?
What are accepted general principles of European Union Law?
How long has the principle of proportionality been recognised by the European Court of Justice?
Where is the principle of proportionality recognized in the EC Treaty?
What must be adopted when there is a choice between several appropriate measures?
How long has the concept of legal certainty been recognised by the European Court of Justice?
Legal certainty is an important general principle of what which predates European Union law?
The adoption of laws which will have legal effect in the European Union must have what?
Where does the doctrine of legitimate expectation have its roots?
Where does the European Court of Justice draw inspiration?
The European Court of Justice cannot uphold measures which are incompatible with what?
How many of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights?
Who was concerned about violating human rights?
When was the European Convention on Human Rights established?
What was established to prevent member states from violating human rights?
When did the European Council set up a body to draft a European Charter of Human Rights?
When was the Lisbon Treaty adopted?
The 2007 Lisbon Treaty recognises the rights, freedoms and principles set out in what document?
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has become an integral part of what?
Who enforces the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union?
The Social Chapter is a chapter of what treaty?
In what year was the Social Chapter added to the Treaty of Amsterdam?
When was the basis for the Social Chapter developed?
How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?
How many pieces of legislation were based on the Social Charter?
How many member states adopted the Social Charter?
Who refused to sign the Social Charter?
What was the Social Charter included as in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty?
When did the UK veto the Social Charter being included as the "Social Chapter" of the Maastricht Treaty?
What led to the UK formally subscribing to the Agreement on Social Policy?
When was the UK Labour Party elected to government?
What required workforce consultation in businesses?
When was the Parental Leave Directive adopted?
What did the 1994 Works Council Directive require?
What countries formed the European Coal and Steel Community?
When was the European Coal and Steel Community agreement?
What did article 65 of the ECSC agreement ban?
Which article made provisions for concentrations, or mergers, and the abuse of a dominant position by companies?
When were competition rules included in the Treaty of Rome?
What article of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements?
What does Article 102 prohibit?
Which articles provide that member state's right to deliver public services may not be obstructed?
Which article prohibits the abuse of dominant position?
When was the concept of a "social market economy" introduced into EU law?
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
Breaking down barriers to trade is meant to reduce what?
What was originally theorised had a tendency to give way to a customs union?
Who has taken the view that the specific goals of free trade are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty for improvement of people's well being?
How is free movement of goods within the European Union achieved?
Who did the Belgian law discriminate against?
What can states be responsible for?
In what case were French vigilantes sabotaging shipments of Spanish strawberries?
What does article 34 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union prohibit?
What was the minimum alcohol content of German liqueurs?
Where did Rewe-Zentrale AG want to import Cassis de Dijon from?
When was Commission v Italy?
What was all Italian chocolate made from?
What was the Court of Justice's decision in Walter Rau Lebensmittelwerke v De Smedt PVBA?
Which two importers claimed that their prosecution under a French competition law was unlawful?
What was the aim of the French competition law?
In what case did the Court of Justice review Swedish bans on advertising to children under age 12?
Under what directive did the EU harmonise restrictions on restrictions on marketing and advertising?
What have the Treaties sought to do since its foundation?
Who originally focused upon free movement of workers?
What was free movement increasingly based on?
In what case did a German man claim the right to residence in the Netherlands?
What did the Court of Justice hold that Mr Steymann was entitled to do?
What are the main provisions of the Free Movement of Workers Regulation?
Who claimed he should be able to transfer from R.F.C. de Liège to USL Dunkerque when his contract finished?
In Groener v Minister for Education, the Court of Justice accepted that a requirement to speak what language to teach in a Dublin design college could be justified as part of the public policy of promoting the Irish language?
What did the Court of Justice say about the requirement to speak Gaelic to teach in a Dublin design college?
What did the Court of Justice say about the requirement to speak Gaelic to teach in a Dublin design college?
What has been seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice?
What has increased as a result of Citizenship of the EU?
What case ruled that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students?
What has the Court of Justice required that should be more access?
What protects the "freedom of establishment" in article 49?
When would the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice be allowed?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he lacked Belgian nationality was unjustified?
What article of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union protects freedom of establishment?
In what case did the Court of Justice rule that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs was not a restriction?
When did a toxic waste spill off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire prompt the Commission to look into legislation against toxic waste?
What crime did Spain not have a crime against?
When did the Court of Justice rule that the Commission could not propose what the criminal sanctions could be?
When was the competence for the Union to create criminal sentences for "ecological crimes" contested?
Who does the freedom to provide services under article 56 apply to?
Why was a Dutch lawyer told he couldn't continue advising a client?
The Court of Justice reasoned that what drugs were controlled in all member states?
What did the Dutch health authorities consider unnecessary?
What newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands without first settling its tax bills in the UK?
What was the minimum amount of capital required to start a company in the UK?
What was the minimum amount of capital required to start a company in Denmark?
What could restrictions on freedom of establishment be justified by?
In what case did the Court of Justice rule that a German court could not deny a Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract in Germany?
What is another name for the Amazon rainforest?
How much of the Amazon basin is covered by the rainforest?
How many nations are in the Amazon basin?
How many nations contain "Amazonas" in their names?
How much of the planet's remaining rainforests are in the Amazon
What is the Dutch name for the Amazon rainforest?
What is the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world?
Which country has the majority of the Amazon rainforest?
How much of the planet's remaining rainforest is in the Amazon?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon rainforest?
What type of forest is the Amazon rainforest?
How large is the Amazon basin?
How many nations are in the Amazon basin?
Which country has the majority of the Amazon rainforest?
How many species of trees are in the Amazon rainforest?
Why did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction occur?
What caused the expansion of the savanna?
What was the size of the rainforest during the Oligocene?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
How did the rainforest survive during the glacial periods?
What may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread across the continent?
How far south did the rainforest extend from 66-34 Mya?
What has allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
During what period did the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
What event caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?
When did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
During what period did the rainforest expand again?
When did the rainforest retrace to a mostly inland formation?
How long have climate fluctuations allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split along the middle of the continent?
What direction did the water flow on the eastern side of the Amazon?
What is the large basin that enclosed a lake now known as?
When did the accumulating water break through the Purus Arch?
What happened to the water that broke through the Purus Arch?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch?
Where did the water on the eastern side of the drainage basin of the Amazon flow toward?
Where did water flow to the west during the mid-Eocene?
Where did water flow to the west toward the Pacific during the mid-Eocene?
What is the large basin that enclosed a lake now known as?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch?
What split the drainage basin of the Amazon during the mid-Eocene?
Where did the water on the eastern side of the drainage basin of the Amazon flow toward?
Where did water flow to the west during the mid-Eocene?
What is the large basin that enclosed a lake now known as?
What does LGM stand for?
Did the Last Glacial Maximum result in lower or higher rainfall in the Amazon basin?
What do some scientists believe happened to the rainforest during the LGM?
How difficult has the debate been to resolve?
Are both explanations supported by the available data?
How many years has there been evidence of significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation?
What has caused significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years?
Analyses of what from Amazon basin paleolakes indicate that rainfall in the basin was lower than for the present?
What was the LGM most likely associated with?
How many years has there been evidence of significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation?
Analyses of what from Amazon basin paleolakes indicate that rainfall in the basin was lower than for the present?
What was reduced in the Amazon basin during the LGM?
Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by what?
Why has this debate proved difficult to resolve?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far is the average amount of dust transported by wind over the Atlantic Ocean?
27.7 million tons of dust fall over what basin?
How much dust remains in the air?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How much dust falls over the Amazon basin?
How much dust remains in the air?
How much dust is windblown and falls on the Caribbean Sea?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
Who has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far is the average amount of dust transported by wind over the Atlantic Ocean?
How much dust falls over the Amazon basin?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
What was the population density Betty Meggers claimed was the maximum that could be sustained in the Amazon rainforest through hunting?
What was thought to be the only way to sustain a large population in the Amazon rainforest?
What type of findings have suggested that the Amazon was actually densely populated?
How many people lived in the Amazon in AD 1500?
Why was it thought it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture?
Who wrote the book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise?
What was Betty Meggers' population density per square kilometre?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
Who wrote the book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise?
What book did Betty Meggers write?
What is the maximum population density that can be sustained in the Amazon rainforest through hunting?
How many people lived in the Amazon in AD 1500?
What was the population of the Amazon rainforest in the early 1980s?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When was a complex civilization flourishing along the Amazon?
What is believed to have destroyed the Amazonian civilization?
When were numerous geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
Geoglyphs have been discovered on deforested land dating between what years?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When did Francisco de Orellana travel the length of the Amazon River?
Geoglyphs have been discovered on deforested land dating between what years?
Who discovered the geoglyphs in 1977?
How long has the Amazon rainforest been shaped by man?
What does Terra preta mean?
How is Terra preta distributed in the Amazon forest?
What has the development of this fertile soil allowed in the previously hostile environment?
What tribe had large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest?
Who found the remains of large settlements in 2003?
What is now widely accepted as a product of indigenous soil management?
What has the development of this fertile soil allowed in the previously hostile environment?
What tribe had large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest?
Who found the remains of large settlements in 2003?
What was found in the settlements of the Xingu tribe?
How many insect species live in the Amazon?
How many bird species live in the Amazon?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams?
How many invertebrate species have scientists described in Brazil?
How many insect species live in the Amazon?
How many birds and mammals live in the Amazon?
How many plant species have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many reptiles have been scientifically classified in the Amazon?
How many bird species live in the Amazon?
How large is a quarter square kilometer of Ecuadorian rainforest?
How many tree species are found in a quarter square kilometer of Ecuadorian rainforest?
How many tonnes of living plants can one square kilometer of Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass in the Amazon?
How many species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the Amazon?
What is the biodiversity of plant species?
How many tree species are found in a quarter square kilometer of Ecuadorian rainforest?
How many tonnes of living plants can one square kilometer of Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass per hectare?
How many species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the Amazon?
What can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill?
What is one of the largest predatory creatures in the Amazon rainforest?
What is known to bite and injure humans?
What do poison dart frogs secrete through their flesh?
What type of bats can spread the rabies virus?
What is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas?
When was access to the forest's interior highly restricted?
What method of farming was used in the 1960s?
Why were the colonists unable to manage their fields and crops?
What is visible from outer space?
How much forest was lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
How many square kilometers of forest was lost in the Amazon between 1991 and 2000?
What did most of the lost forest become?
What is Brazil's position as a global producer of soybeans?
What percentage of land deforested since 1970 is used for livestock pasture?
What has been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects that are currently developing in the Amazon?
What did the first two highways lead to?
How many square miles of land was deforested from 2000 to 2005?
What happened to deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014?
How much did the deforestation rate increase from 2000 to 2005?
What are environmentalists concerned about?
What are environmentalists concerned about loss of biodiversity that will result from?
What could accelerate global warming?
Amazonian forests account for what percentage of the carbon stores in ecosystems?
How much carbon do Amazonian forests store?
One computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions shows that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of what?
What is one computer model of future climate change caused by?
By what year could the Amazon rainforest become unsustainable due to reduced rainfall and increased temperatures?
When could the Amazon be threatened by climate change and deforestation?
What could threaten the Amazon rainforest in the 21st century?
What continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide?
Along with ethno-biology, what type of conservation efforts have gained increased attention?
What causes indigenous territories to be destroyed?
Which indigenous people continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories?
The relationship between non-human primates in the subsistence and symbolism of what peoples has gained increased attention?
What is being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests?
What tribe uses Google Earth to map out their ancestral lands?
Where does the Trio Tribe live?
Why do the Trio Tribe map out their ancestral lands?
Why are the indigenous tribes of the Amazon basin using remote sensing?
What is crucial to accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions?
What does the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the forest help map?
Who organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
When did Tatiana Kuplich organize the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
What did Tatiana Kuplich use to classify the Amazon?
In what year did parts of the Amazon basin experience the worst drought in one hundred years?
Who argued that the Amazon was on the brink of becoming savanna or desert?
What is pushing the rainforest towards a tipping point?
What is the Amazon on the brink of being turned into?
Whose results showed that the Amazon could survive only three years of drought?
In what year did the Amazon experience another severe drought?
How many square miles of rainforest was affected by the 2010 drought?
How many epicenters did the 2010 drought have?
In what year did the Amazon experience a 5 gigatons of carbon dioxide release?
How much carbon dioxide does the Amazon absorb in a typical year?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
Where do ctenophora live?
How big are adult ctenophora?
What is ctenophora?
What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What is the largest adult ctenophora?
What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
What is the largest adult ctenophora?
What do ctenophores and cnidarians rely on for digestion and respiration?
What Greek words are used to describe ctenophora?
Where do ctenophora live?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
How many ctenophores have not been fully described and named?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
What are cydippids' retractable tentacles fringed with?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What do cydippids have a pair of?
What do coastal beroids use as teeth?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are cydippids' retractable tentacles fringed with?
What do coastal beroids use as teeth?
What are the little tentacles covered with?
How many species of ctenophores have been validated?
What is it called when a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm?
What do most platyctenid young look like?
Are juvenile platyctenids capable of reproduction before reaching adult size?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What is a simultaneous hermaphrodite?
What type of hermaphrodites produce eggs and sperm at different times?
What type of animal's eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate?
What is a hermaphrodite?
What is a simultaneous hermaphrodite?
What happens in sequential hermaphrodites?
What type of animal's eggs are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What type of platyctenids' young are miniature beroids with large mouths and no tentacles?
Where was Mnemiopsis accidentally introduced?
What ctenophore was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What caused the Mnemiopsis population to grow?
What does Beroe prey on?
What ctenophore was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What did Mnemiopsis eat that caused fish stocks to collapse?
Where do ctenophores occur in high numbers?
Where do ctenophores occur in high numbers?
What is phytoplankton?
What ctenophore was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea?
What is Mnemiopsis blamed for in the Black Sea?
What helped mitigate the problem caused by Mnemiopsis?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event occur?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
How long ago was the early Cambrian?
What are fossils thought to represent ctenophores without?
How long ago was the early Cambrian?
What event occurred 66 million years ago?
Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not what?
What are fossils thought to represent ctenophores without?
Jellyfish, sea anemones, and other jellyfish are considered to be as complex as what?
How are ctenophores distinguished from all other animals?
Ctenophores are less complex than what other animal phylum?
What form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
Jellyfish, sea anemones, and other jellyfish are considered to be as complex as what?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What are sticky and adhere to prey?
What two groups of animals have cells bound by inter-cell connections?
Ctenophores are less complex than what other animal phylum?
What is the middle layer of jelly-like material in cnidarians and ctenophores called?
What are ctenophores and cnidarians traditionally labelled?
What animals have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material?
Along with cnidarians, what type of animal are ctenophores similar to?
What do ctenophores use as their main method of locomotion?
What do ctenophores use cilia for?
What are comb-like bands of cilia called?
What does the name ctenophora mean?
Along with Beroe and Mnemiopsis, what is the name of the coastal genera?
What type of ctenophores are so fragile that it is very difficult to capture them intact for study?
What do coastal species need to be tough enough to do?
What are the three coastal genera?
The inner surface of the cavity is lined with what?
What do photocytes produce?
What is the name of the internal cavity's "throat"?
What does the internal cavity form?
What are the most active parts of the animal?
What are the comb rows used for swimming called?
What are ctenophores' combs also called?
What is the extra compact filament suspected to have?
How do ctenophores swim?
How long are ctenophores' cilia?
Experiments have shown that some species rely on what to adapt to different densities of water?
Where do ciliary rosettes pump water when they enter less dense brackish water?
If ctenophores enter less dense brackish water, what do the ciliary rosettes pump into the mesoglea to do?
What do ciliary rosettes do if they move from brackish to full-strength seawater?
What is the largest single sensory feature in a ctenophore?
Where is the aboral organ located?
How is the statocyst protected?
What is the main component of the aboral organ?
What is a statocyst?
What is another name for Pleurobrachia?
What extends from opposite sides of Pleurobrachia's body?
What shape do Cydippid ctenophores have?
What are the tentacles of the sea gooseberry housed in?
Where is the mouth on Pleurobrachia?
What are the tentacles of cydippid ctenophores typically fringed with?
What are colloblasts?
How do the tentilla of Euplokamis differ from those of other cydippids?
How many types of movement do Euplokamis' tentilla have?
What are Euplokamis' three types of movement used for?
How many rows of combs are there?
Where do the rows of combs run?
How are the rows of combs spaced?
What runs out under the dome from each balancer in the statocyst?
What are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth?
What are auricles?
How many auricles do many species of lobates have?
What do the water currents in lobates do?
What do lobates feed on?
How do Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis escape danger?
What happens when Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis clap their lobes?
How are the movements of lobates' combs coordinated?
How are the movements of lobates' combs coordinated?
What is another name for the Beroida?
What is another name for Nuda?
What does the pair of narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do?
What does a pair of narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do?
What part of the Beroida's body bears "macrocilia" at the oral end?
What are ribbon-shaped planktonic animals?
What is one of the largest ctenophores?
What does Cestida mean?
How do Cestids swim?
What ctenophores can move much faster in what has been described as a "darting motion"?
What do most Platyctenida have on the aboral surface?
What do Platyctenida do by everting the pharynx and using it as a muscular "foot"?
What do all but one known platyctenid species lack?
Where do platyctenids live?
How are eggs and sperm released?
How do platyctenids fertilize?
Self-fertilization has occasionally been seen in species of what genus?
Where are gonads located?
How is fertilization done in most hermaphrodites?
What do juveniles of the genus Beroe lack?
Where do flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids live?
When do flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids attain the adult form?
How do some juveniles behave in the flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids?
In what genus do juveniles lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths?
What happens when some species are disturbed?
When do some species produce secretions that luminesce at the same wavelengths as their bodies?
Bathyctena chuni, Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera produce what kind of secretions when disturbed?
Do juveniles or adults luminesce more brightly?
Are all ctenophores predators?
What do members of the genus Haeckelia prey on?
How do Haeckelia prey on jellyfish?
What does Bolinopsis mainly feed on?
What is the name of the two-tentacled "cydippid" that feeds exclusively on salps?
Why were ctenophores regarded as dead ends in marine food chains?
Oncorhynchus keta is a species of what fish?
What can provide a good diet if there are enough of them around?
Where did herbivorous fishes deliberately feed on gelatinous zooplankton?
What do some jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of?
What was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
How was the Western Atlantic ctenophore accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
How were Mnemiopsis populations brought under control?
When was the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi introduced?
What did the cooling of the local climate do to the Mnemiopsis?
Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils?
What could the Ediacaran Eoandromeda represent?
What period was the Burgess Shale from?
How many ctenophores were found in the Burgess Shale?
What was unusual about the three additional putative species found in the Burgess Shale and other Canadian rocks?
How long ago was Stromatoveris fossilized?
What is similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period?
What is the name of the fossil from China's Chengjiang lagerstätte?
What is the fossil Stromatoveris similar to?
What period was Vendobionta from?
Several recent studies have supported ctenophores as the sister lineage to what?
What is the earliest-diverging animal phylum?
Which modern ctenophores do not have cydippid-like larvae?
Richard Harbison's morphological analysis in 1985 concluded that the cydippids are not what?
When did the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event occur?
Who suggested that the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores was either cydippid-like or beroid-like?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
How far is Fresno from Los Angeles?
What does the name Fresno mean in Spanish?
What is featured on the city's flag?
What is the abbreviation for Fresno?
In what year did the Central Pacific Railroad establish a station near Easterby's?
Why did Millerton residents move to Fresno?
When did Fresno become an incorporated city?
How many streetcars did the Fresno Traction Company operate in 1931?
What grew the town of Fresno Station?
What percentage of Fresno's population was Asian in 1940?
Along with Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy and Little Italy, what was one of Fresno's ethnic neighborhoods before World War II?
Where was the Pinedale Assembly Center located?
What was the Pinedale Assembly Center used for?
What was the Fresno Fairgrounds used for?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What was the name of the first successful credit card?
What did BankAmericard allow cardholders to do?
When was BankAmericard renamed and spun off into a separate company?
In 1976, BankAmericard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known as what?
Who wrote the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Who recorded the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Where did Bill Aken grow up?
Where did Bill Aken make his first TV appearance?
Who adopted Bill Aken?
How many large public parks does Fresno have?
Where is the Fresno Chaffee Zoo located?
What is the largest of the Fresno region's park system?
What is the name of the Japanese garden in Woodward Park?
What is the largest of the Fresno region's park system?
When did Downtown Fresno flourish?
What was the name of the library that was demolished?
What is the current name of the Grand 1401?
What hotel burned down in Fresno?
When was Fulton Street converted into one of the nation's first pedestrian malls?
What is the name of the pedestrian mall in Downtown Fresno?
Who is the only public art piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch?
Where will the restored public art pieces be placed?
What will be added to Fulton Street to make it more pedestrian friendly?
Where is Sunnyside located?
What are the two major thoroughfares in Sunnyside?
When was Sunnyside developed?
What neighborhood is on Fresno's far southeast side?
Who designed the Sunnyside Country Club's golf course?
What is the center of the Tower District?
When was the Tower Theatre built?
The name of the theater refers to a well-known landmark, what is it?
The businesses of the Tower District were developed due to the proximity of what?
How far south of Fresno City College is the Tower District?
When did the Tower Theatre re-open?
What did the Tower Theatre show?
When did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players open?
Where was Audra McDonald from?
What roles did Audra McDonald play at the Tower Theatre?
Along with nightclubs, restaurants and nightclubs, what type of entertainment is available in the Tower District?
How close are the shops and restaurants in the Tower District?
What is known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster Communities?
What is known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster Communities?
What is known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and hipster Communities?
What is the area known for?
Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler designed what type of houses?
How does the residential architecture of the Tower District compare to the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl?
When have many of the early twentieth century homes been restored?
Which boulevard provided streetcar connections between downtown Fresno and the County Hospital?
Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract?
In what year did developers Billings & Meyering acquire the Alta Vista Tract?
How many homes were in the Alta Vista Tract in 1914?
Who provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital?
What is another name for the "West Side" of Fresno?
Where does the West Side of Fresno lie in relation to the 99 freeway?
What is the traditional center of Fresno's community?
What are the principal Asian-American populations in the West Side?
What is one of the oldest neighborhoods in Fresno?
Who is Kearney Boulevard named after?
What is Kearney Boulevard lined with?
Between what two locations was Kearney Boulevard once the preferred neighborhood for Fresno's elite African-American families?
What is the name of the section on the southern edge of the West Side south of Jensen and west of Elm?
What was for years known as the "Dogg Pound"?
When were public housing developments built in the neighborhood?
On which corner of the neighborhood was a modern shopping center built?
What two companies have large processing facilities in the neighborhood?
On what side of Fresno is the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport?
How much retail activity does the neighborhood have?
Who founded Woodward Park?
How many acres is Woodward Park?
How many people can the multi-use amphitheatre seat?
How long is the Lewis S. Eaton Trail when complete?
When is Woodward Park open?
When was Sierra Sky Park Airport formed?
Who created the nation's first planned aviation community?
What was the first aviation community built?
What is allowed to share roads with personal aircraft at Sierra Sky Park Airport?
How many aviation communities are there?
What type of summers does Fresno have?
Which month is the warmest in Fresno?
What is the average annual precipitation in Fresno?
Where do most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from?
When is there an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics?
What is the official record high temperature for Fresno?
When was the record low temperature for Fresno?
In what year did Fresno get the most rain in one month?
What was the heaviest snowfall at the airport?
How much rain did Fresno get in 24 hours on November 18, 1885?
What was Fresno's population in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's population is white?
How many Native Americans were in Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of Fresno's population was non-Hispanic White in 2010?
What is the population density per square mile of Fresno?
How many households had children under the age of 18 living in them?
What percentage of households had a female householder with no husband present?
How many same-sex married couples or partnerships were there?
What was the average family size?
What was the average household size?
As of the census of 2000, how many people lived in Atlantic City?
How many housing units were there in New York City in 2000?
What percentage of the city is Black or African American?
Hmong make up how much of the city's Asian population?
What was the population density of Atlantic City in 2000?
Why did the FCC decide Fresno would only have UHF stations?
What was the name of the first Fresno television station?
When did KMJ-TV begin broadcasting?
What is KMJ now known as?
What is the name of the CBS affiliate in Fresno?
What is the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley?
What is another name for State Route 168?
Which highway comes into Fresno from Atascadero?
Which direction does State Route 180 come from?
What is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an interstate highway?
When was the Interstate Highway System created?
What is now State Route 99?
Why was it decided to upgrade State Route 99 instead of Interstate 5?
Who provides passenger rail service in Fresno?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot located?
Which two railroads have Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines?
Which railroad operates former Southern Pacific branchlines out of Fresno?
What city is planned to serve the future California High Speed Rail?
Who developed the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What was different about the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
Who is credited with coining the modern name packet switching?
What did Paul Baran develop in the late 1950s?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
Who is credited with coining the modern name packet switching?
What is a method that pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
What is the difference between circuit switching and packet switching?
How is packet switching different from circuit switching?
What is a method that pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session?
What is circuit switching?
How is circuit switching characterized in cases of billable services?
How is packet switching different from circuit switching?
How can packet mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes?
What happens in case of a shared physical medium?
How can packet mode communication be implemented?
How are packets normally forwarded?
What happens in case of a shared physical medium?
What concept did Baran develop?
What was Baran researching for the US Air Force?
What are the three key ideas of report P-2626?
What is one of the key ideas of the report?
What did report P-2626 describe?
How were messages delivered?
What concept did Baran develop?
What are the three key ideas of report P-2626?
What did Donald Davies do in 1965?
What did Donald Davies call his message routing methodology?
What did Donald Davies propose to do with his work?
What did Roger Scantlebury suggest that Lawrence Roberts use packet switching for?
Who developed the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What did Donald Davies call his message routing methodology?
What did Roger Scantlebury suggest to Lawrence Roberts?
In connectionless mode, what is included in each packet?
How are the packets routed in connectionless mode?
How are packets labeled in connectionless mode?
What happens at the destination?
What is different for different packets?
What does routing a packet require the node to do?
What do connection-oriented packets include?
What does connection-oriented transmission require?
What do both X.25 and Frame Relay provide?
What is the difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
What is the difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
What is the difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
When did ARPANET and SITA HLN become operational?
What were the fundamental differences between ARPANET and SITA HLN?
What is a virtual call system?
What is an example of a datagram protocol?
What was AppleTalk?
What features did AppleTalk have?
What did the AppleTalk system do?
What type of system was AppleTalk?
What was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
What was unique about the CYCLADES network?
How did CYCLADES make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data?
Concepts of the CYCLADES network influenced what?
What is DECnet?
What was the original purpose of DECnet?
How did DECnet evolve?
What was different about DECnet Phase II?
What was designed to connect GE's four computer sales and service centers?
What was GE's computer time-sharing service?
What happened to GE's four computer sales and service centers?
What did Warner think of the time-sharing system?
Why was the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad formed?
What was the first demonstration of the packet-switched network?
What was added to the network over the next few years?
What was Telenet?
Who founded Telenet?
What did Larry Roberts want to do with Telenet?
What changes did Telenet make to ARPANET?
When did Telenet go public?
What was Tymnet?
What did Tymnet use X.25, SNA/SDLC, BSC and ASCII interfaces to do?
How did users connect to Tymnet?
What did Tymnet's private network business allow?
How were private networks connected to the public network?
What were the two types of X.25 networks?
Who developed DATAPAC?
How could a user or host call a host on a foreign network?
What was AUSTPAC?
What applications did AUSTPAC support?
How can one access AUSTPAC?
What was Datanet 1?
What did the name Datanet 1 refer to?
What did the name Datanet 1 refer to?
Why was the name Datanet 1 incorrect?
What was the name of the computer network funded by the NSF?
What was the purpose of the Computer Science Network?
What did the Computer Science Network play a significant role in?
What is Internet2?
Who built the first Internet2 Network?
What was the name of the first Internet2 Network?
What did Internet2 announce in 2006?
What did Internet2 do with Abilene
What does NSFNET stand for?
What did NSFNET promote?
What happened to NSFNET?
What does vBNS stand for?
What was the purpose of the Very high-speed Backbone Network Service?
Who was responsible for the operation of the vBNS?
How many national points of presence did the vBNS connect in 1998?
When did the vBNS upgrade the entire backbone to OC-48c?
Where is the Black Death thought to have originated?
Where did Oriental rat fleas live?
How much of Europe's population did the Black Death kill?
When did the world population return to pre-plague levels?
How long did the Black Death recur in Europe?
What does enzootic mean?
When were Nestorian graves found?
In October 2010, medical geneticists suggested that all three of the great waves of the plague originated in what country?
When did famine begin in China?
How many Chinese and other Asians died during the 15 years before the plague reached Constantinople?
Who brought the plague to Europe?
Who led the Mongol army during the siege?
What did the Mongol army catapult over the city walls of Kaffa to infect the inhabitants?
Where did the Genoese traders take the plague by ship to?
What conditions contributed to the severity of the Black Death?
Where did the plague spread from Italy?
Where did the plague spread to in 1351?
Where was the plague less common?
Where did the plague first spread from 1348 to 1350?
When was the plague introduced in Norway?
What did the plague cause in the Middle East?
When did the plague reach Alexandria?
How did the plague reach Alexandria?
What happened when the plague reached Antioch?
Who claimed that the Latin name atra mors first appeared in modern times in 1631?
What is the Latin name for the 14th century epidemic?
Who wrote a book on Danish history in 1631?
When was the Black Death first called the Black Death in England?
Where did the name atra mors spread through?
What did the medical faculty in Paris blame for the "great pestilence in the air"?
Who did the medical faculty in Paris send a report to?
What is the Miasma theory?
What is the most widely accepted theory that the plague was caused by bad air?
What is the dominant explanation for the Black Death?
Where did teams of scientists visit to investigate the cause of the Black Death?
Who named the pathogen Yersinia pestis?
What was established in 1898 by Paul-Louis Simond?
What was the bubonic plague mechanism dependent on?
Who wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893?
What did Francis Aidan Gasquet think the Great Pestilence was?
When did Francis Aidan Gasquet adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death?
What did Francis Aidan Gasquet implicate in the process of adopting the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death?
What was another epidemic that Francis Aidan Gasquet's interpretation was widely accepted for?
What is the mortality rate of the modern bubonic plague?
What is the temperature range of the modern bubonic plague fever?
What percentage of people who contract the bubonic plague die within eight days?
What is the mortality rate of pneumonic plague?
What are the symptoms of septicemic plague?
When did PLoS Pathogens publish a paper on the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death?
What did a multinational team do in October 2010?
How did the researchers assess the presence of DNA/RNA?
Where did the researchers find DNA/RNA for Y. pestis?
What did the new research show about Yersinia pestis?
What is a clade?
What two strains of Y. pestis were found to be ancestral to modern isolates?
What does the discovery of two previously unknown but related clades of the Y. pestis genome suggest?
When did the first variant of the plague enter Europe?
When did the first variant of the plague reach England?
What has happened to the results of the Haensch study?
Where were Black Death victims buried in England?
What did Schuenemann conclude about the variant of Y. pestis that caused the Black Death?
When was the genome of Y. pestis sequenced?
Who challenged the plague theory in 1970?
What did J. F. D. Shrewsbury note about the 14th century pandemic?
What did J. F. D. Shrewsbury conclude about contemporary accounts of the plague?
What did Graham Twigg produce in 1984?
Who challenged the theory of the Black Death in 2002?
What is as important as an identification of symptoms?
Why are researchers hampered by an epidemiological account of the plague?
How much did estimates of the population at the start of the plague vary?
Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from who?
When was no census taken during the time of the plague?
What do sceptics of the bubonic plague theory argue to account for a bubonic plague pandemic?
Transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of what significance?
What are some of the arguments against the theory of bubonic plague?
Did the Black Death spread faster or slower than modern bubonic plague?
How long did it take for major outbreaks of the Black Death to occur in the same areas?
What did Twigg think was the cause of the Y. pestis?
What did Norman Cantor think the cause of the Y. pestis was?
What are some of the other diseases that could have contributed to the Y. pestis pandemic?
What is a septicemic?
How many bodies were exhumed from Clerkenwell in 2014?
What was the most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East during this time?
How much of Paris' population died during the Black Death?
What did recent scientific investigations of a burial pit in Central London find well-preserved individuals to be buried in?
In crowded cities, how much of the population would die?
Which areas were less susceptible to the Black Death?
When did the plague return to Europe and the Mediterranean?
How often was the plague present in Europe?
How many people did France lose to the plague in the epidemic of 1628-31?
In the absence of census figures, historians propose what range of preincident population figures?
When did the Black Death subsided?
What percentage of the population was affected by the Black Death in 1471?
When did the Great Plague of London end?
How many people died of the plague in Paris in 1466?
The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into what country?
What is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War?
When did the last plague outbreak occur in Oslo?
How many times did the plague occur in Venice?
How many people died in the first half of the 17th century in Italy?
How many people were killed by the plague in Naples in 1656?
How much did the plague of 1649 reduce the population of Seville?
What was the Great Northern War?
When did Europe's last major epidemic occur?
When was plague present in the Islamic world virtually every year?
How many people did Algiers lose to the plague in 1620-21?
How long did the plague remain a major event in Ottoman society?
How much of Baghdad's population has been wiped out by the Black Death?
From what does an igneous rock crystallize?
Heat and pressure change the mineral content of what rock to give it a characteristic fabric?
What is formed when all three types of rock are re-melted?
What are the three major types of rock?
What changes the mineral content of igneous rock?
What was the most important discovery of the 1960s?
What does the Earth's lithosphere include?
What is the solid upper mantle of the Earth called?
The oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of what?
When was seafloor spreading discovered?
What were high regions on the seafloor where hydrothermal vents and volcanoes exist explained as?
Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes were explained as what?
What resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes?
Who developed the theory of continental drift?
The power of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over what?
Seismologists can use the arrival times of what to image the interior of the Earth?
Along with the lithosphere, what is on top of the layered model of the Earth?
What is below the crust and lithosphere?
What have seismologists been able to create detailed images of?
What is below the crust and lithosphere in the layered model of the Earth?
Which timeline shows the most recent eon?
What is a very short period with short epochs?
Which epoch is too small to be shown clearly on the third timeline?
What does Q stand for?
What pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?
If a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, what must the formations that were not cut be?
What can help determine if a fault is a normal fault or thrust fault?
If a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, then the formations that were cut are what?
What foreign bodies are picked up as magma or lava flows?
What are xenoliths picked up as?
What is another term for inclusions?
What states that, with sedimentary rocks, if inclusions are found in a formation, then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them?
What material from an older formation is often ripped up and included in a newer layer of sedimentary rocks?
What is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
Who laid out the principles of succession?
How complex is the principle of faunal succession?
What exists at the same time period throughout the world?
Who wrote the theory of evolution?
When was the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events facilitated?
Before radioactive isotopes, geologists could only use fossils and what to date sections of rock relative to one another?
What did radioactive isotopes make it possible to assign to rock units?
Before radioactive isotopes, geologists could only date sections of rock relative to what?
Absolute dates could be applied to what in which there was datable material?
What can be used to determine temperature profiles within the crust?
What is the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice?
What is measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature?
What can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units which do not contain radioactive isotopes?
When rock units are placed under what, they shorten and become thicker?
Where can thrust faults form?
What are folds where the material in the center of the fold buckles upwards called?
What are folds where the material in the center of the fold buckles downwards called?
If the tops of the rock units within the folds remain pointing upwards, what are they called?
What causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner?
What are stretched rocks that pinch into lenses called?
Where can the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon be seen over a length of less than a meter?
What are rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched often called?
What causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner?
What are long planar igneous intrusions called?
Where do dike swarms form?
Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of what?
What maintains the topographic gradient in spite of the movement of sediment?
What is often associated with volcanism and igneous activity?
What do the Hawaiian Islands consist almost entirely of?
What is the oldest known rock in the world?
What has remained in place in the Grand Canyon since Cambrian time?
The sedimentary sequences of the mid-continental United States and the Grand Canyon contain almost-undeformed stacks of sedimentary rocks that have remained in place since what time?
Where is the Acasta gneiss found?
What is petrology?
What is stratigraphy?
What is structural geology?
Along with rivers, landscapes, and glaciers, what do geologists study?
What do petrologists do in the field?
What properties of minerals can be identified with a conoscopic lens?
Stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into what?
Where do petrologists identify rock samples?
What type of microscope is used in an optical mineralogy analysis?
Petrologists use fluid inclusion data and high temperature and what other type of experiments to understand mineral phases?
Petrologists can use fluid inclusion data and perform what to understand the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear?
Petrologists can use high temperature and pressure physical experiments to understand how mineral phases change through igneous and what other process?
Who uses microscopic analysis of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists use to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What do structural geologists do with measurements of geological structures?
What type of experiments do structural geologists perform of rock deformation in large and small settings?
What are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries?
Zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries are among the most well-known experiments in structural geology.
What are horizontal layers pulled along a lower surface into a back stop?
What is a critically tapered orogenic wedge?
What works in the same way as analog models?
Who analyzes samples of stratigraphic sections returned from the field?
What type of surveys do stratigraphers analyze?
Geophysical data and what else can be combined to produce a better view of the subsurface?
How do stratigraphers combine geophysical data and well logs to get a better view of the subsurface?
What can stratigraphers locate areas for?
Why do geochronologists date rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Who analyzes rock samples from outcrop and drill cores for the fossils found in them?
Who looks for signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock units?
Who precisely dates rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Where does Fielding H. Garrison believe the origin of geology can be traced to?
Who was one of the earliest Persian geologists?
Who formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation?
Who proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains?
What was Shen Kuo's hypothesis for the process of land formation based on?
Who is often viewed as the first modern geologist?
What was James Hutton's 1785 paper called?
When did Hutton publish a two-volume version of his ideas?
What did Hutton believe about the age of the earth?
Who produced the first geological map of the United States?
When was the first geological map of the United States produced?
When did William Maclure begin the self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States?
What was the title of Maclure's memoir?
Who published the first geological map of the United States?
What was the name of Sir Charles Lyell's book?
What doctrine did Principles of Geology promote?
What doctrine did Principles of Geology promote?
What theory states that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events and remained unchanged thereafter?
Who was influenced by Principles of Geology?
How far is Newcastle from Edinburgh?
How far is Newcastle from the North Sea?
What network of European cities does Newcastle belong to?
What county was Newcastle a part of until 1400?
What is the regional nickname for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area?
Who was William the Conqueror's eldest son?
What trade was Newcastle an important center for in the 14th century?
What was Newcastle a major mining area in the 14th century?
When did the port of Newcastle develop?
What is the name of the world's most popular half marathon?
What was the name of the first settlement in what is now Newcastle?
Pons Aelius was a Roman fort and bridge across what river?
What was the population of Pons Aelius in the 2nd century?
What wall is still visible in parts of Newcastle?
What tribes did Hadrian's Wall prevent from invading?
What was Newcastle's northern fortress during the Middle Ages?
Who granted Newcastle a new charter in 1589?
How high was the stone wall around Newcastle in the 13th century?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174?
How many times was Newcastle successfully defended against the Scots during the 14th century?
From 1530 a royal act restricted all shipments of what from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside?
What was the name of the cartel of Newcastle burgesses?
What does the phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" mean?
What was Timothy Dexter's reputation?
What were the merchants plotting to do to Timothy Dexter?
Along with the keelmen, who lived in the Sandgate area?
What were keels?
How many of Newcastle's inhabitants died of plague in the 1630s?
What percentage of the population of Newcastle died from the plague in 1636?
What type of loss did the plague cause in Newcastle?
Who did the North declare for during the English Civil War?
Who were Cromwell's allies?
What did the Scots use to storm Newcastle?
What does Fortiter Defendit Triumphans mean?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots?
What did the Industrial Revolution result in?
What was the largest pottery company in the world in 1817?
Newcastle was one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by what?
Shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to what in the 19th century?
What invention led to the revolution of marine propulsion and the production of cheap electricity?
In large parts, Newcastle still retains what type of street layout?
What can only be traversed on foot?
What connects the riverside to the city center?
Bessie Surtees House, the Cooperage and Lloyds Quayside Bars are examples of what type of building?
What is the "House of Tides"?
What is the name of Newcastle's neoclassical center?
What did Stuart Maconie call Newcastle?
Which street was voted England's finest street in 2005?
When was Grainger Town demolished?
What did the demolition of Grainger Town make way for?
What green space in Newcastle is larger than London's Hyde Park and Hampstead Heath?
What do the freemen of Newcastle have the right to do with cattle on the Town Moor?
What is the largest travelling funfair in Europe?
When is the Hoppings funfair held?
Who has the right to graze cattle on the Town Moor?
What has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments?
Who commissioned the Gateshead Millennium Bridge?
Who designed the Sage Gateshead music center?
Why have Newcastle and Gateshead linked together under the banner "NewcastleGateshead"?
How many days did the Bambuco Bridge last?
What is the historic heart of Newcastle?
When were the classical streets built by Richard Grainger?
How tall are most of the buildings in Grainger Town?
How many of Grainger Town's buildings are listed?
What was the earlier market originally built in 1808 called?
When was Newcastle's first indoor market opened?
How many people attended the grand dinner that celebrated the opening of the market?
What does the Laing Art Gallery have of the opening of Grainger Market?
Who listed the Grainger Market as grade I in 1954?
What type of climate does Newcastle have?
What effect does the Gulf Stream have on Newcastle's climate?
What type of weather shadow does Newcastle have?
When was the lowest temperature recorded in Newcastle?
What is Newcastle's climate similar to?
In what year was Newcastle ranked ninth in the retail centre expenditure league of the UK?
What is the largest shopping complex in Newcastle?
What is the name of the world's first department store?
How did Bainbridge's report revenue?
In what year was the undercover Green Market demolished?
Grainger Street and the area around Grey's Monument are destinations for what?
What type of shopping areas are Gosforth and Byker?
What is the largest store in the UK?
What is the name of the largest indoor shopping center in Europe?
Where is the MetroCentre located?
What was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly?
What were Tyneside flats built as?
Where has a new development recreated the Tyneside flats?
Cany Ash and Robert Sakula are what?
Cany Ash and Robert Sakula were attracted by the possibilities of what?
What was the percentage of detached homes in the 2010 Census?
What was the percentage of converted or shared houses in 2011?
Harrogate, Cheltenham, Bath, inner London, Hastings, Brighton and Tuning Wells are examples of what type of markets?
In terms of housing stock, the authority is one of few what?
What is one of the few historic densely occupied markets in the local authorities?
In what year was Newcastle's population 189,863?
What type of borough is Newcastle?
Jesmond and Heaton are areas with predominant what type of population?
What type of institutions are in the local area of Newcastle?
Jesmond and Heaton are areas with predominant what?
What is the average age of people living in Newcastle?
Many people in Newcastle have Scottish or Irish what?
Armstrong, Charlton, Elliot, Johnstone, Kerr, Nixon, Little and Robson are examples of what surname?
How many Bolivians live in Newcastle?
What percentage of Newcastle's population is Bolivian?
What is the dialect of Newcastle known as?
The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the language spoken by whom?
What does the Geordie dialect retain of the Anglo-Saxon language?
What is pronounced "deed", "coo", "hoos" and "strang" in the Geordie dialect?
What is the Anglo-Saxon word for "burn"?
Where do the Geordie words "bairn" and "hyem" originate from?
Where are some words used in the Geordie dialect used?
What language do the words "bonny" and "howay" appear to be used in?
How many words appear to be used exclusively in Newcastle and the surrounding area?
What language is "hoy" derived from?
What was published in early February 2007 by the Ear Institute at the University College London?
In a 2007 report, Newcastle was named as what city in the UK?
What was Newcastle's average decibel level?
What was the long-term impact of the noise levels on the health of residents?
What location in Newcastle was criticized for not having pedestrian access?
What area of Newcastle is known as the 'Diamond Strip'?
What type of complex is "The Gate"?
How many screens does the Empire multiplex have?
What is Newcastle's gay scene called?
What types of establishments are in the Pink Triangle?
What does Newcastle have a proud history of?
Who was the manager of the original Theatre Royal?
How many seasons did Stephen Kemble guide the Theatre Royal through?
In what year did the original Theatre Royal open?
What street replaced the original Theatre Royal?
What does the city still contain many of?
What is the largest theatre in Newcastle?
What company has performed at the Theatre Royal for over 25 years?
What type of talent does the Mill Volvo Tyne Theatre feature?
What was NewcastleGateshead voted as in 2006?
What is the largest independent library outside of London?
How many CDs are in the music library of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne?
Who designed the building that houses the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne?
What was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
Who gave the lecture that led the first public building to be lit by electric light?
What event is organized by CAMRA?
When is the North East Art Expo held?
How often is the AV Festival of international electronic art held?
What is the name of the food and drink festival held in NewcastleGateshead?
How many weeks does EAT! NewcastleGateshead run each year?
What is the largest travelling fair in Europe?
When does the Northern Rock Cyclone take place?
The Hoppings has its origins in what movement?
What is the Northern Rock Cyclone?
What is held in Leazes Park and in the city's gay community in mid July?
What is an annual two-day multicultural event held on the late August bank holiday weekend?
Where will the 2009 International Arts Fair be held?
What is the name of the annual festival held in Newcastle in October?
What type of festival is the SAMA Festival?
What city holds an annual International Arts Fair?
What genre is Lindisfarne?
When was the Lindisfarne song "Fog on the Tyne" released?
What band is considered to be the originators of black metal?
What band is often regarded as the first folk metal band?
What band was Andy Taylor a lead guitarist for?
When was the Pilgrim Street building refurbished?
Where was the Tyneside Cinema relocated to during the refurbishment?
How many cinemas are currently housed at the Tyneside Cinema?
What is the name of the United Kingdom's last surviving news cinema still in full operation?
What part of the building contains the Tyneside Bar?
What is the name of the science museum in Newcastle?
What does the Discovery Museum highlight?
What is Tyneside's heritage?
When did the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities merge with the Great North Museum?
What museum is dedicated to children's books?
What is the earliest known movie featuring exterior scenes filmed in Newcastle?
What 1971 movie was shot on location in and around Newcastle?
What genre was Stormy Monday?
Who directed Stormy Monday?
Along with Melanie Griffith and Sean Bean, who starred in Stormy Monday?
Where does Newcastle have a horse racing course?
What is the most successful team in the history of the British Basketball League?
What is the name of Newcastle's speedway team?
Where are the Newcastle Diamonds based?
What is the name of the famous road race from Newcastle to Blaydon?
How far is Newcastle International Airport from the city center?
How is Newcastle International Airport connected to the city?
How long does a journey into Newcastle city centre take?
How many passengers does Newcastle International Airport handle each year?
How many destinations are available worldwide from Newcastle International Airport?
What type of architecture was enhanced in 2014?
How many Grade One listed railway stations are in the UK?
Who opened the first covered railway station in the world?
Who collaborated with John Dobson on the station's neoclassical facade?
What is the name of the mainline station to the east of the city center?
What is the frequency of Virgin Trains East Coast trains to London King's Cross?
How many hours does it take to travel from Durham to London King's Cross?
Where do all Virgin Trains East Coast trains call at?
What trains serve destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands and the South West?
Which train operator provides local and regional services?
What is the name of the system of suburban and underground railways covering much of Tyne and Wear?
How many phases were the Tyne and Wear Metro opened in between 1980 and 1984?
What type of tunnels were constructed through Newcastle's city center?
What was built across the Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead?
How many passengers use the Tyne and Wear Metro system each year?
What is the name of the program that has replaced all ticket machines and introduced ticket gates at the busiest stations?
What type of ticketing is being introduced as part of the Metro: All Change program?
What is being overhauled as part of the Metro: All Change program?
What is the long term plan for the Metro system?
Several of the proposed routes would require what?
What is the name of the major road in the area?
Which road becomes the A68?
What was the old name of the A167?
What was renumbered after completion of the Western Bypass?
What was increased when a project to build a second road tunnel and refurbish the first tunnel was completed?
How many bus companies provide services in Newcastle?
How many major bus stations are in Newcastle?
Which bus company is the primary operator in the city?
What is Nexus?
What bus company operates from Eldon Square Bus Station?
When did Newcastle develop its cycling strategy?
What are Newcastle's social aims and objectives for cycling?
What type of living does cycling promote?
What kind of streets are contraflows implemented on?
What does Newcastle want to link its local network to?
Who runs a service from Newcastle International Ferry Terminal to IJmuiden?
When did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden cease?
Why did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg cease?
When was the DFDS ferry service to Bergen and Stavanger terminated?
What cruise line has included Newcastle as a departure port?
How many LEA-funded schools are in Newcastle?
How many independent schools with sixth forms are in Newcastle?
What is the largest co-ed independent school in Newcastle?
What is the largest general further education college in the North East?
What religion is St. Mary's Comprehensive School?
How many universities does Newcastle have?
What university won the Sunday Times University of the Year award in 2000?
What award did Newcastle University win in 2000?
What was the UK-wide process in which Northumbria University became the University of Northumbria at Newcastle?
What university was voted 'Best New University' by The Times Good University Guide 2005?
How many cathedrals does Newcastle have?
When was the lantern tower at the Anglican St. Nicholas built?
What type of cathedral is located in Fenham?
What is the name of the only parish church in the Church of England without a parish?
What did all three cathedrals begin their lives as?
What is traditionally recognised as 'the oldest church in this town'?
When was the main porch added to The Parish Church of St Andrew?
What was the last addition to the Parish Church of St Andrew?
What is the Parish Church of St Andrew surrounded by?
What received a battering during the Siege of Newcastle?
Where was ITV Tyne Tees based?
Where did ITV Tyne Tees move to in 2005?
What gave its name to the 1980s music television programme, The Tube?
Why is the BBC North East and Cumbria building known as the Pink Palace?
What is the name of the local radio station broadcast by BBC North East and Cumbria?
What is the name of the first community radio station in the area?
What is run by students from both of the city's universities?
How long has Radio Tyneside been the voluntary hospital radio service?
What radio station is based at the Great North Children's Hospital?
Where is Newcastle Student Radio broadcast from?
When did Charles Avison die?
What is Basil Hume's title?
Who was the father of the modern steam railways?
What did Sir Joseph Swan invent?
What country was Abhisit Vejjajiva Prime Minister of?
Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of what school?
What is Michael Carrick's profession?
What award did Peter Higgs win?
What is the most characteristic musical instrument in the region?
Where were Sting, Mark Knopfler, Alan Hull, Cheryl Cole, and Neil Tennant born?
Where is the Victoria and Albert Museum located?
How many objects are in the Victoria and Albert Museum's permanent collection?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
What is the Victoria and Albert Museum named after?
Where is the V&A located?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
Who is the Victoria and Albert Museum named after?
Who sponsors the Victoria and Albert Museum?
Since what year has entrance to the Victoria and Albert Museum been free?
How many acres does the V&A cover?
How many galleries does the V&A have?
How many years of art does the V&A's collection span?
The V&A's collection spans 5,000 years of art from ancient times to the present day, from which cultures?
The V&A owns the world's largest collection of what type of sculpture?
The V&A has its origins in what?
Who was the first director of the V&A?
What was the V&A originally known as?
Where was the V&A moved to in September of 1852?
Who produced a design for the V&A in 1855?
Who officially opened the British Museum on June 22, 1857?
When did Queen Victoria open the British Museum?
Who was the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection?
What type of openings were introduced in 1857?
When did the Royal College of Art achieve full independence?
When was the Britain Can Make It exhibition held?
How many people visited the Britain Can Make It exhibition?
What did the success of the Britain Can Make It exhibition lead to?
The success of the Britain Can Make It exhibition led to the planning of what in 1951?
By what year had most of the collections been returned to the museum?
What did the V&A become the first museum in Britain to present in 1973?
What band performed at the V&A in 1973?
Who was the director of the V&A in 1973?
Gryphon explored the lineage of what type of music?
The V&A is in discussion with the University of what city?
What was the estimated cost of the V&A Dundee in 2015?
Where will the V&A Dundee be located?
What will the V&A Dundee focus on?
When is it planned that The V&A Dundee will open?
What was the name of the house that originally occupied the site of the V&A?
What was the first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum?
Who was the architect of the Sheepshanks Gallery?
What part of the museum is not open to the public?
What does the Secretariat Wing house?
Which galleries were designed by Owen Jones?
What style was adopted for the north range of the museum?
Who designed the bronze doors on the north facade of the museum?
Which famous astronomer was depicted on the north facade of the museum?
Which famous artist was depicted on the north facade of the museum as a painter?
Who designed the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the stained glass windows in the Green Dining Room?
Who designed the Centre Refreshment Room?
Who designed and sculpted the marble fireplace in the Centre Refreshment Room?
Who designed the Grill Room 1876-81?
Who was the next architect to work at the V&A?
What is another name for the science schools?
What type of stone is the staircase at the V&A made from?
What does the staircase house at the V&A?
When did the Sackler Centre for arts education open?
What was used to decorate the east side of the building designed by F. W. Moody?
Who designed the wrought iron gates in 1885?
Where were the Cast Courts located?
What was the final part of the museum designed by Scott?
Who designed the mosaic panels in the parapet?
Who designed the facade of the British Museum?
What was the main façade built from?
How long is the façade of the Tate Modern?
The tower above the main entrance has an open work crown surmounted by what?
What is interspersed with statues of many of the British artists whose work is displayed in the museum?
Who sculpted Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance?
How many levels of galleries surround the façades?
Who sculpted Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance?
What material is used in the entrance hall and flanking staircases?
Who appears above the frame around the arches and entrance?
In 1966 and 1967, new storage space for books was created in what area of the museum?
What wing of the Royal College of Science was acquired by the museum in 1974?
What was constructed to link the Henry Cole wing to the rest of the museum?
Who designed the iron gates in the new entrance building?
The new entrance building was constructed on the site of the former boiler house, the intended site of what?
What gallery was redesigned in the 1990s?
What was restored in the 2006 renovation of the sculpture gallery?
What is the name of the major redesign of all the galleries at the V&A?
The tunnel to the subway leads to what tube station?
Who designed the new Cafe?
Who redesigned the central garden?
What was the new name of the central garden?
What shape is the water feature in the John Madejski Garden?
What can the elliptical water feature be used for?
What type of tree is planted in the two corners by the north façade?
When did the V&A open the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
Along with the V&A, what organization opened the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
How many drawings are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
What collection was transferred to the V&A with the opening of the new gallery?
How many photographs are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
Who has the largest collection of drawings in the world?
Which architect's work is represented in the Royal Institute's collection?
How many drawings by Andrea Palladio are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the collection?
Who is one of the British architects whose drawings are in the Royal Institute's collection?
Where is Sir Paul Pindar's house located?
The facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house is a rare survivor of what?
When is the facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated?
What chateau has a dormer window dated 1523-35?
What is the name of the column in the main architecture gallery?
How many items from the Islamic world does the V&A hold?
When was the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art opened?
What is the highlight of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
What country is represented in the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
When was the Salting Bequest?
How many objects are in the Museum's collection of South and South-East Asian art?
How many textiles are in the Museum's collection?
How many paintings are in the Museum's collection of South and South-East Asian art?
When was the Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art opened?
Whose gallery of Indian art opened in 1991?
How many works of art are in the Far Eastern collections?
The Far Eastern collections include more than 70,000 works of art from which countries?
What gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991?
When did the T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art open?
What dynasties do the majority of art works on display date from?
What gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986?
When did the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art open?
What century is Amida Nyorai from?
When do most of the exhibits at the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art date?
What material is Suzuki Chokichi's incense burner?
When is Tibetan art represented?
Along with Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia and Burma, what country has art in the Solomon R. Guggenheim?
Betel-nut cutters, ivory combs and bronze palanquin hooks are examples of what type of art?
What are the boxes in the Korean galleries inlaid with?
Betel-nut cutters and bronze palanquin hooks are examples of what type of comb?
Who wrote some of the note books in the Codex Forster?
What are the names of the three manuscripts in the Codex Forster?
How many books did Alexander Dyce leave to the museum in 1869?
When did Reverend Alexander Dyce leave over 14,000 books to the museum?
When were the Codex Forster bequeathed to the museum?
Along with Beatrix Potter, what famous author has papers in the British Library?
Along with Charles Dickens, what famous author's papers are in the library?
Illuminated manuscripts in the library date from what centuries?
What is the Armagnac manuscript about?
Who illuminated the 1524 Charter?
What is another name for the National Art Library?
What was the name of the computer system that was used from the 1980s to the 1990s?
What does EAD stand for?
What type of items do not show up in the computer system of the Victoria and Albert Museum?
What is the name of the feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum web-site?
When did the Victoria and Albert Museum's Word and Image Department begin a large scale digitization project?
What was the name of the large scale digitization project that began in 2007?
Who did the Factory Project reference?
How many images were taken during the first year of the Factory Project?
What is the second step of the Factory Project?
Who has influenced taste?
Where are porcelain, cloth and wallpaper imported from?
Who is one designer and artist whose work is displayed in the galleries?
Who was a major influence on the Gothic Revival?
What types of imports from Asia are on display at the British Museum?
What led to the production of tea paraphernalia?
In the Georgian age, what was the emphasis on?
Who led the backlash against industrialization?
What caused entrepreneurs such as Josiah Wedgwood, Matthew Boulton and Eleanor Coade?
John Ruskin's backlash against industrialization led to what movement?
What is the main focus of the Cast Courts?
How was Trajan's Column made to fit under the ceiling of the Cast Courts?
Which Michelangelo work is featured in the Cast Courts?
What are the plaster casts of in the Cast Courts?
How is Verrocchio's David displayed?
When was the Meissen Vulture made?
Who designed the Möllendorff Dinner Service?
When was the Möllendorff Dinner Service designed?
When was the Salting Bequest made?
What did the Salting Bequest enrich the museum's stock of?
What famous potters are represented in the collection?
Delftware was produced in what two countries?
What are the largest objects in the collection?
When are the largest objects in the collection?
Where were the largest objects in the collection made?
How many years of glass making does the glass collection cover?
How many items are in the glass collection?
Where does the earliest glassware on display come from?
Who is responsible for the Art Deco style of glassware displayed at the British Museum?
Who created Art Nouveau glass?
When was the main gallery redesigned?
Who created the glass balustrades on the staircase and mezzanine?
When did the contemporary glass gallery open?
Who created the chandelier in the rotunda at the Museum's main entrance?
What century is the Luck of Edenhall?
How many British works are in the collection?
How many old master works are in the collection?
Who is one of the artists represented in the collection?
Antonio Verrio, Paul Sandby, John Russell, and Antonio Verrio are among the artists represented in the collection.
Who is one of the old master artists represented in the collection?
How many outfits does the V&A's costume collection contain?
Where are costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper typically held?
Why is the V&A dominated by fashionable clothes made for special occasions?
When did the V&A receive the Talbot Hughes collection?
Who gave the V&A the Talbot Hughes collection?
When did the Museum acquire the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes?
Which designer's costumes were acquired by the Museum in 2002?
How many Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
Whose collection of Vivienne Westwood costumes did the Museum acquire in 2002?
What type of fashion does the Museum continue to acquire?
What objects were acquired between 1859 and 1865?
When was the Soulages collection acquired?
What was the John Jones Collection?
When was the John Jones Collection left to the museum?
How much was the John Jones Collection of French 18th-century art and furnishings valued at?
What year are the inlaid doors from Antwerp City Hall dated?
Who is responsible for the beautiful inlaid doors from Antwerp City Hall?
When is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated?
Where is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet from?
Along with Le Corbusier, Marcel Breuer and Gi Ponti, what modernists are represented in the collection?
How many items are in the museum's jewellery collection?
From what era does the collection of jewellery at the Metropolitan Museum of Art date?
When was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of 154 gems bequeathed?
How many gems did Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend leave to the museum in 1869?
Who funded the new jewellery gallery?
What is the 15% of the collection divided into?
When is the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark?
How many tonnes is the Hereford Screen?
Who designed the Hereford Screen?
How many objects made from silver or gold are in the collection?
When is the Gloucester Candlestick dated?
What is the Gloucester Candlestick made from?
Whose relics are contained in the Becket Casket?
When is the Becket Casket dated?
What is the Becket Casket made from?
How many people signed an online petition after the Musical Instruments gallery closed?
Who answered Chris Smith's question about the future of the Musical Instruments collection?
Which museum hosted a joint exhibition with the V&A of musical instruments?
How many instruments did the Horniman borrow from the V&A?
When did the Musical Instruments gallery close?
How many British oil paintings are in the collection?
How many European oil paintings are in the collection?
How many British watercolours are in the collection?
Who loaned the Raphael cartoons to the museum?
Who painted the Spanish tempera on wood retable of St George?
When did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings to the museum?
How many paintings did John Sheepshanks donate to the museum in 1857?
What did John Sheepshanks hope to do with the art he donated?
What is the name of the 1821 full size oil sketch for?
What nationality were most of the paintings donated by John Sheepshanks?
Where are the paintings that were part of the Jones bequest displayed?
Who did François Boucher paint a portrait of in 1758?
What is an example of a French painting in the collection?
What is the name of the portrait by François Clouet?
Who took the photographs of Animal Locomotion?
When were Eadweard Muybridge's Animal Locomotion photographs taken?
How many plates are in Eadweard Muybridge's Animal Locomotion collection?
What do Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion capture?
Who took the society portraits?
The sculpture collection at the V&A is the most comprehensive holding of what type of sculpture in the world?
How many objects are in the V&A's sculpture collection?
The V&A's sculpture collection covers what period?
What types of uses of sculpture are represented in the V&A collection?
Who owns Canova's The Three Graces?
What is Bernini's most famous work?
What is the largest item from Italy in the collection?
Who designed the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence?
When is the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence dated?
How many of Rodin's works are in the museum collection?
Who gave the museum Rodin's work in 1914?
When were Rodin's works given to the museum?
What war did Britain support France in?
What statue was purchased in 1902 by public subscription?
Who is one of the British sculptors whose work is in the collection?
Who is one of the British sculptors whose work is in the British Galleries collection?
Who is one of the British sculptors whose work is in the collection?
Nicholas Stone, Caius Gabriel Cibber, and Grinling Gibbons are examples of what?
Who opened the sculpture galleries in 2006?
When did the Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries extend the chronology of the works on display?
How are the galleries overlooking the garden arranged?
Which artists were loaned to the Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries?
Which museum loaned works to the Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries?
How many examples of textiles are in the collection?
What continents are represented in the collection?
How long has the collection of textiles at the British Museum been around?
What is the main continent represented in the collection?
How are the textiles at the British Museum classified?
What is the oldest known surviving European tapestry?
What century are the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries?
Where were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
What do the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries depict?
What was the leading English tapestry manufactory in the late 17th century and early 18th century?
When was the Sicilian Tristan Quilt made?
Who designed the 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887?
When was 'The Forest' tapestry created?
Who designed rugs and fabrics during the art deco period?
Who designed a rug during the art deco period?
What was the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries formerly known as?
When did the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries open?
What does the V&A hold the UK's biggest national collection of?
The V&A holds the UK's biggest national collection of material about live performance in the UK since who's day?
What are the collections of the V&A available for?
What department is responsible for the long-term preservation of the V&A collections?
What do conservators control in the museum?
Cleaning and reintegration to strengthen fragile objects are examples of what type of conservation?
Along with the V&A, what other museum's collections does conservation cover?
What type of conservation includes performing surveys, assessments and providing advice on the handling of items?
What company owns Disney Media Networks?
Since what year has ABC been stylized in its logo?
In what city is ABC headquartered?
Where is ABC's headquarters located?
What division of The Walt Disney Company owns ABC?
When did ABC first launch?
What was ABC originally launched as?
When did ABC extend its operations to television?
What cable sports channel did ABC purchase an 80% interest in in the 1980s?
What company did ABC merge with in the 1980s?
How many affiliated television stations does ABC have?
Who purchased the ABC Radio properties in 2007?
How many owned-and-operated television stations does ABC have?
Who imposes simultaneous substitution regulations?
Who purchased the ABC Radio properties in 2007?
What does RCA stand for?
What were the names of the two radio networks owned by RCA?
What markets did NBC Red serve?
What type of programming was tested on the NBC Blue Network?
What network was created in 1927 for the purpose of testing new programs on markets less important than those served by NBC Red?
Who filed a complaint with the FCC in 1934?
When did the FCC begin a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks?
When did the FCC publish its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs?
What was the principal radio network in the US?
Which network did the FCC recommend that RCA give up control of?
Who was given the mandate to sell NBC Blue in 1941?
What did RCA convert into an independent subsidiary?
Who offered $7.5 million to purchase NBC Blue Network?
Who was the president of RCA at the time?
How much did Dillon, Read & Co. offer to purchase NBC Blue?
What candy did Edward John Noble own?
When did the FCC authorize the sale of WMCA?
Who did Noble acquire the rights to the "American Broadcasting Company" name from?
What position did Woods hold at ABC until 1949?
When did Woods leave ABC?
What did ABC use to pre-record its programming?
Who conducted symphony performances on ABC?
What network became an aggressive competitor to NBC and CBS?
Who was one of the big names that ABC was able to attract with the help of the Magnetophon?
What tradition did NBC Blue continue?
How much did Disney pay for its 33% stake in Eurosport?
What was the name of the free-to-air channel ABC launched in the United Kingdom in 2004?
When did Disney announce it would discontinue ABC1?
What network did Disney discontinue after ABC1 was shut down?
Where is ABC broadcast?
When was rerun activity completed with program syndication?
What ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries?
What countries did ABC sell its interests in in the 1970s?
What did many governments want to strengthen?
What was ABC's first international broadcast?
Where did Goldenson invest in broadcasting properties in the mid-1960s?
What Japanese network did ABC acquire a 5% stake in in 1951?
CBS and NBC were unable to broadcast the coronation due to technical problems and what other issue?
CBS and NBC were unable to broadcast the coronation due to what?
Since 2000, ABC has owned the television rights to most of what television series?
ABC rotates which awards across all four major networks on a year-to-year basis?
When did CBS start airing Peanuts specials?
ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to what award show?
Along with Charlie Brown and A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving, what is one of the other Peanuts specials broadcast by ABC?
Since what year has ABC aired Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve on New Year's Eve?
Who is the current host of Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve?
When did ABC first air the Miss America pageant?
Where was Clark's traditional countdown from when he hosted New Year's Rockin' Eve?
Who assumed the television rights to the Miss America pageant in 2006?
What is the longest running entertainment program on ABC?
When did CBS cancel the Procter & Gamble-produced soap The Edge of Night?
What Procter & Gamble soap was cancelled by CBS in 1975?
What are two talk shows on ABC's daytime schedule?
When did ABC's General Hospital first air?
What is an example of a weekend event not broadcast by ESPN that ABC airs?
When did ESPN take over responsibilities for ABC's sports division?
When is sports programming provided on some weekend afternoons?
What league's games does ABC air on Sundays?
What sports events does ABC air highlight compilation programs for during the summer?
Who was ABC's vice-president of engineering in 1947?
Which low-band VHF frequencies did Marx think would be requisitioned and reallocated for the U.S. Army?
In what year did ABC submit five applications for television station licenses?
What channel did the five applications request to broadcast on?
How many television stations were there before the freeze ended in 1952?
How many television stations did Boston have?
Who was ABC's third rival?
Which two networks were ABC's competitors in 1949?
Who forced United Paramount Theatres to become an independent entity?
What company did United Paramount Theatres separate from?
How many full-time affiliates did ABC have?
Who was ABC rumored to be sold to in 1951?
Who provided Noble with the $5 million he needed to keep ABC from going bankrupt?
Who was the president of UPT in 1951?
Who was the founder of CBS?
When was the tentative agreement approved by UPT's board of directors?
When did the FCC's Sixth Report and Order announce the end of its freeze on new station license applications?
When did the FCC approve UPT's purchase of ABC?
What was the new name of UPT-ABC?
Where was the merged American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc. headquartered?
When did WJZ-TV go on the air?
When did the FCC implement a freeze on new station applications?
Where would ABC build a transmitter?
What was the name of the 20 acres of land that ABC planned to convert in Hollywood?
When did ABC premiere The Flintstones?
During what decade did ABC transition to color programming?
Who created The Flintstones?
During what decade did ABC transition to color programming?
In what year did Walt Disney Productions purchase ABC's shares in the Disneyland theme park?
Who approached Walt Disney to produce color broadcasts of his anthology series?
When did ABC and Disney's first television collaboration end?
When did ABC resume its relationship with Disney?
What was the focus of ABC's 2000 web-based promotional campaign?
Who did ABC hire to design and produce its 2001-02 identity?
What color was the ABC logo in 2001-02?
What is another name for ABC's circle logo?
Who designed ABC's minimalist graphical identity?
In what year did ABC stop using its four-note signature for promotions?
What was the new four-note theme tune based on?
Where is the old four-note theme tune still used?
When did the ABC logo first appear as a bug?
When did the ABC logo begin appearing throughout programs?
When was the 40th anniversary of ABC's founding?
What was the slogan for the 40th anniversary of ABC's founding?
When was the first ABC card to have a three-dimensional appearance?
What was the background color of the 1977 ABC ID sequence?
What color were the letters on the 1977 ABC ID sequence?
Who redesigned the ABC logo in 1962?
The ABC logo is strongly reminiscent of what typeface?
Who designed the Bauhaus typeface in the 1920s?
When did the new logo debut on-air for ABC's promos?
What division of ABC was rumored to be up for sale in 2005?
When did ABC announce the restructuring of the group into six divisions?
How many divisions did ABC restructure in October 2005?
In what year did ABC's average viewership decline by ten ratings points?
Along with Desperate Housewives, Lost and Dancing with the Stars, what new series helped ABC rise to second place in the 2004-05 season?
Who was named president of ABC parent Disney-ABC Television Group in 2004?
What sport did ABC Sports and ESPN sign an eight-year broadcast rights agreement with?
When did affiliates approve a two-year affiliate agreement?
Who was Disney's Chairman/CEO in 2002?
What was the name of ABC's first reality show?
What was the name of the spinoff of The Bachelor?
Who removed ABC owned and operated stations from their systems?
Who was the most-watched network in 2000-01?
Who was the most-watched network in 2000-01?
When did Time Warner Cable restore the stations?
What year saw the end of TGIF?
Where did Sabrina, the Teenage Witch move in September 2000?
To what network did ABC lose Family Matters and Step by Step?
When did ABC premiere Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who relaunched Millionaire as a syndicated program in September 2002?
Who was the original host of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
When did The Walt Disney Company announce an agreement to merge with Capital Cities/ABC?
What did Disney rename its new subsidiary after the sale of Capital Cities/ABC?
Who bought the four newspapers that ABC controlled under Capital Cities?
Who took the place of Thomas S. Murphy as president and CEO?
What sitcom was created by Aaron Sorkin?
When did color become the dominant format for broadcast television networks?
Where did ABC rank among broadcast networks in 1965-66?
What book did Goldenson write in 1991?
When did ABC's New York City flagship stations change their callsigns?
Where did ABC's New York City flagship stations move to in 1953?
Where was WJZ originally established?
Who did Noble appoint to be ABC's president in 1950?
What network did Goldenson want to merge with UPT?
What name would have been given to UPT as a result of the merger?
How much money would DuMont have received as a result of the merger?
Who was UPT a subsidiary of?
What was one of ABC's flagship productions?
What was the longest-running prime time comedy in U.S. television history?
What was the name of the television adaptation of the 1947 film Wyoming Kid?
What was a remake of the 1954 film The Boy from Oklahoma?
Who was the most iconic of ABC's relationships with Hollywood producers?
What was the name of the wheel series that aired during the 1955-56 season?
What was the name of Walt Disney's brother?
How much did Walt Disney want ABC to invest in Disneyland?
When did ABC agree to finance Disneyland?
What park did Walt and Roy want ABC to finance?
Who spearheaded the special programming project for ABC's FM stations?
Who was the president of ABC Radio in 1968?
What was the name of the new concept ABC Radio launched in 1968?
How many owned and operated FM stations did ABC have?
In what year did ABC launch Movie of the Week?
What was the name of Steven Spielberg's 1971 film?
In what year did Steven Spielberg make Duel?
What was the average budget of a Movie of the Week film?
When did ABC complete its transition to color?
Which network began to use behavioral and demographic data to better determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising slots to?
What did ABC use to determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising slots to?
What was the name of the program that ABC debuted in 1970?
When did Sunday Night Football take over as the NFL's marquee game?
Who took over as the NFL's marquee game in 2006?
What was the audience share of Monday Night Football?
When did the FCC vote to pass the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
When did ABC decide to split it's film divisions?
What company was sold to a consortium of ABC executives for nearly $10 million?
What did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act ban?
When did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act take effect?
Who bought ABC Great States in 1974?
Who was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC in 1972?
When did Michael Eisner join ABC?
What ABC series did Michael Eisner help bring about ideas for?
What was Michael Eisner's main credit at ABC?
What company did Eisner leave ABC to become president of?
Who convinced Fred Silverman to become president of ABC Entertainment?
Who was the first president and director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
What detective series did ABC premiere in 1974?
When did Good Morning America debut?
What position did Silverman hold after leaving ABC?
What was the name of the Happy Days spin-off that debuted in 1976?
What was the name of the 1970s television trend that featured attractive, often buxom, women in main and guest roles?
Who wrote 'Roots'?
Who produced 'The Love Boat'?
How long did 'The Love Boat' last?
When did ABC take first place in the ratings for the first time?
What was the first soap opera to feature an openly gay main character?
Who was named president of ABC News in 1977?
In addition to being president of ABC News, what other division did Roone Arledge lead?
What was the name of the building ABC built on the corner of Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street?
When were the new buildings completed?
When was 20/20 created?
Who was appointed as the anchor of 20/20?
Who was Hugh Downs paired with on Today?
Who bought ABC's recording division in 1979?
What was the name of ABC's 24-hour news channel?
What 24-hour news channel did ABC launch in July 2004?
What was the name of the Flint, Michigan station that ABC purchased in 1994?
Which Toledo station switched to ABC after its contract with NBC expired?
Dirty Sexy Money, Pushing Daisies, Eli Stone and Samantha Who?
What was one of ABC's strike-replacement programs?
Who started the rumors that Disney would be selling the ten ABC stations?
What was the name of the new division created when Disney-ABC Television Group merged with ABC Studios?
What was the name of the new division created by the merger of ABC Entertainment and ABC Studios?
What did Citadel Communications rebrand ABC Radio as?
On December 22, 2009, Disney-ABC Television Group announced a partnership with Apple Inc. to make individual episodes of ABC and Disney Channel programs available for purchase on what platform?
When did NBC begin running into trouble in the ratings?
When did Lost debut?
When was Ugly Betty moved to?
What day of the week was Ugly Betty originally shown on?
When did the FCC impose its fin-syn rules?
What was the name of the syndication distributor ABC created in 1970?
What was the name of the production company ABC created in 1970?
Who bought the Ruby-Spears and Hanna-Barbera libraries from Worldvision?
Who handles domestic television distribution?
What was Disney-ABC Domestic Television formerly known as?
What was Disney-ABC International Television formerly known as?
The Cinerama Productions/Palomar theatrical library is part of what library?
What were the first two affiliated stations to carry ABC's programming?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
How many additional television stations does ABC have affiliation agreements with?
What is ABC's national reach?
When was ABC's first logo introduced?
What was the new ABC logo based on?
When did ABC begin color broadcasts?
When was Supernanny cancelled?
What was the only remaining program on ABC that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition after Supernanny was cancelled?
What format is Litton's Weekend Aventure broadcast in?
What was the first children's program block on any U.S. broadcast network to feature programs available in HD?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
In what format is most of Hearst Television's ABC-affiliated stations broadcast?
How many affiliates of Hearst Television transmit ABC programming in 480i standard definition?
What is the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties?
What was the only ABC drama to be renewed for a second season in 2010-11?
What was the only late-season premiere to earn a second season in the 2010-11 season?
Who did ABC outrate for third place?
What was ABC's only drama renewal in 2010-11?
Which soap operas were canceled by ABC in 2011?
Who bought the rights to All My Children and One Life to Live?
Where did Prospect Park revive All My Children and One Life to Live?
What talk show replaced One Life to Live?
What demographic did ABC drop to fourth place in in the 2011-12 season?
When did NBC last place in the 18-49 demographic?
Which network finished the season in second place in total viewership?
Along with The Goldbergs and Resurrection, what ABC show was renewed for the 2013-14 season?
What show was cancelled in 2013-14?
What were the two family sitcoms that anchored ABC's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup?
What reality format was Shark Tank based on?
On what day of the week was Shark Tank a midseason sleeper hit?
Who starred in Last Man Standing?
Who departed from Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994?
Who became president of Capital Cities/ABC after Daniel Burke left?
What was the name of the gritty police procedural from Steven Bochco?
Who created Doogie Howser, M.D.?
How long did NYPD Blue last?
When did the FCC repeal the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
What French animation studio did Capital Cities/ABC purchase in 1993?
Who did Capital Cities/ABC sign an agreement with to carry its owned and operated television stations?
What was ABC's viewership share in 1993?
What radio station did ABC purchase in 1960?
When did WLS launch a new lineup of ABC Radio programming?
Who was trying to establish a television station in Toronto?
What station did Leonard Goldenson acquire a 25% interest in?
What was the name of the anthology series ABC debuted on April 29, 1961?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
Who produced Wide World of Sports?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
What was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres renamed to in 1965?
What was a pioneer series in its genre?
What was the name of the show that featured newly married couples guessing the answers to their partner's questions?
Where was ABC's new headquarters located?
By 1980, what percentage of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S. was represented by the three major networks?
What was an opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that debuted on ABC in 1981?
What was the name of the Happy Days spinoff in the 1980s?
What was the name of the cable channel ABC launched in 1981?
Who did ABC sell KXYZ to in 1983?
Who did ABC arrange to acquire an 80% stake in ESPN?
What was the name of the competing arts channel that ABC merged with ARTS?
What was the name of the single cable channel created when ABC and Hearst merged ARTS and The Entertainment Channel?
Who did Thomas S. Murphy delegate his position as president to in 1990?
What was Thomas S. Murphy's position at ABC?
What were Capital Cities/ABC's revenues in 1990?
What is the longest running prime time entertainment program in ABC history?
What sitcom starred Tim Allen?
What soap opera airs on ABC during the day?
What talk shows are featured on ABC during the day?
When does Good Morning America air?
Who hosts Live! on ABC?
What are the only states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate?
What is the name of ABC's affiliate in Birmingham, Alabama?
What is the name of ABC's low-power station in South Bend, Indiana?
What is the name of ABC's low-power station in Lima, Ohio?
Who produced television series for ABC beginning in 1962?
What was Touchstone reorganized as in February 2007?
What is the name of ABC's main production facility?
What is the name of ABC's main production facility in New York City?
Good Morning America and Nightline are broadcast from what facility?
What programs are broadcast from the Times Square Studios?
What was the block of West End Avenue housing the ABC News building renamed in 2006?
What was Peter Jennings' show called?
What is the name of ABC's traditional VOD service?
The Walt Disney Company is a part-owner of what streaming service?
When did Hulu begin offering full length episodes of ABC's programming?
What stake did Disney acquire in Hulu?
When are the most recent episodes of ABC's shows usually made available?
How many days after the initial broadcast is the most recent episode of an ABC program available for streaming on Hulu and WATCH ABC?
What does ABC on Demand disallow?
When were restrictions implemented by Disney-ABC Television Group?
What design agency overhauled ABC's identity?
How many variants of the ABC logo are used in advertising?
What typeface was inspired by the ABC logo?
What network uses a red version of the ABC logo?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have in 1954?
How many primary affiliates did CBS have in 1954?
What act mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning?
What did the All-Channel Receiver Act mandate the inclusion of?
Where was WKST-TV located?
According to Goldenson, an hour of ABC programming reported how much lower viewership than its competitors?
What station in Wheeling, West Virginia began airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel?
When did some very small markets have to wait to support an ABC affiliate?
What was the new name of the Disneyland anthology series?
Who pitched The Untouchables to CBS?
Why did CBS reject Desilu's The Untouchables?
When did ABC premiere The Untouchables?
What was the name of ABC's film program that debuted a year behind its competitors?
What was ABC's total revenue in 1962?
Who produced The Jetsons?
What was the name of the animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera that debuted on September 23, 1962?
When did ABC debut the soap opera General Hospital?
Who did Goldenson propose a merger with on December 7, 1965?
Who was the head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice?
Who filed a complaint against ITT in 1967?
When was the merger canceled?
Thomas S. Murphy was the chief executive officer of what company?
How much did Capital Cities pay for ABC?
Who loaned $500 million to finance the purchase of ABC?
Who did Capital Cities sell WXYZ-TV to?
How many television stations could a broadcaster own?
When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities receive federal approval?
What was the combined company called after the merger?
What was Frederick Pierce's title?
Who became vice president of ABC Broadcasting?
Who became president of ABC News and ABC Sports?
What ABC show ended its run in 1983?
Which ABC show produced a short-lived spinoff in 1984?
Who regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984?
What ABC show ended its run in 1986?
What type of programming did ABC focus on in the mid-1980s?
What was the name of ABC's family-friendly comedies block that debuted in 1989?
What did TGIF stand for?
Who produced many of the series featured during the run of the "TGIF" block?
Who owned Miller-Boyett Productions?
How many radio stations could a broadcasting company own?
What was the name of the first film produced by ABC Pictures?
Who directed Charly?
When was ABC Motion Pictures dissolved?
Where was ABC Marine World located?
What type of programming helped ABC become a serious contender to NBC and CBS?
How much did ABC's advertising revenues increase between 1953 and 1958?
What was the national reach of ABC between 1953 and 1958?
Who was the president of ABC Entertainment in 1957?
Who was the host of American Bandstand?
What was ABC's philosophy against its competitors?
What action series did ABC air in 1957?
Who criticized the public enthusiasm and sponsorship for ABC's western series?
What type of shows did ABC's western series defeat in the fall of 1959?
What is the name of ABC's revamped multi-platform streaming service?
What were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on the service?
Who reached a deal to offer streams of its ABC affiliates on the service?
What service originated the "WATCH" brand used by the streaming services of Disney's television networks?
What is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total?
What is the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size?
Who is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach?
How many ABC affiliates does Sinclair Broadcast Group own?
How many ABC-affiliated stations does The E. W. Scripps Company own?
What was the name of the new imaging campaign for the 2007-08 season?
Who developed the new imaging campaign for the 2007-08 season?
What division of ABC did red ribbons represent?
What division of ABC was represented by blue ribbons?
What are the names of the ABC affiliates in Tampa, Florida?
What are the two ABC affiliates in Kansas City?
Which affiliates of ABC are in Grand Rapids, Michigan?
What was Tampa's primary ABC affiliate prior to 1994?
What empire did Genghis Khan found?
How did Genghis Khan come to power?
Where were massacres of civilians especially common?
What did the Mongol Empire occupy by the end of Genghis Khan's life?
Which dynasties did Genghis Khan invade?
Who was Genghis Khan's successor?
When did Genghis Khan die?
Who did Genghis Khan defeat?
Who split Genghis Khan's empire into khanates?
Where was Genghis Khan buried?
Where was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin's father?
When was Temüjin probably born?
Who was Temüjin named after?
What was Temüjin's sister's name?
What were Temüjin's three brothers?
Who was Temüjin's future wife?
What tribe was Börte a member of?
Who was the head of the new household?
Who was Temujin's older half-brother?
Who was Temujin's mother?
Who killed Begter?
When did Temujin's resentment erupt?
Who enslaved Temüjin?
How did the Tayichi'ud enslave Temüjin?
Whose father later became a general of Genghis Khan?
Who were two of Genghis Khan's future generals?
Where did Temüjin hide during his escape from the Tayichi'ud?
What was often used to solidify temporary alliances?
Who taught Temüjin about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
Who interfered with the tribal confederations of Mongolia?
What did Hoelun teach Temüjin about the political climate of Mongolia?
What tribe did Börte belong to?
Who kidnapped Börte after her marriage to Temüjin?
Who helped Temüjin rescue Börte?
What was the name of Temüjin's son?
When was Jochi born?
How many more sons did Börte have?
What was the name of one of Börte's sons?
When did Chagatai die?
What was the name of one of Börte's sons?
How many daughters did Genghis Khan have?
What is an anda?
Who was Temüjin's father's anda?
What tribe was Toghrul the Khan of?
How many Keraite warriors did Toghrul offer to Temüjin?
Who did Toghrul suggest Temüjin involve?
What did Jamukha support?
Who declared that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Temüjin?
When was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?
In what battle was Temüjin defeated?
Where was Toghrul exiled to?
What did Temüjin use as an incentive for obedience and following his rule of law?
What did Temüjin promise civilians and soldiers as an incentive for following his rule of law?
Who did Temüjin have his mother adopt?
What did Temüjin do with the conquered tribe?
Who was the eldest son of Temüjin?
Who did Toghrul ally himself with?
Who did Toghrul ally himself with?
What tribe was disbanded after Toghrul's defeat?
Who was the next direct threat to Temüjin?
When did a khuruldai elect Jamukha as Gür Khan?
What does Gür Khan mean?
Who was Jelme's younger brother?
When was Jamukha turned over to Temüjin?
What did Temüjin offer to Jamukha?
Why did Temüjin kill the men who betrayed Jamukha?
What type of death did Jamukha request?
How does one die without spilling blood?
Who introduced Genghis Khan to siege warfare?
Who was one of Genghis Khan's early allies?
Who was Genghis Khan's loyal brother?
What was the name of Genghis Khan's extensive spy network?
Who was Genghis Khan's father's ally?
By what year had Temüjin managed to unite or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs, and other smaller tribes?
What was the name of the council of Mongol chiefs?
What title was not conferred on Genghis until after his death?
Who was Genghis Khan's son?
What is a Khuruldai?
What did Genghis Khan plan to conquer in 1211?
Who defected and told the Mongols that the Jin army was waiting on the other side of Badger Pass?
When did Genghis Khan capture the Jin capital of Zhongdu?
Where did the Emperor Xuanzong move his capital to?
Who was Genghis' third son?
Who was the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation?
What was the Qara Khitai originally established as remnants of?
How many soldiers did Genghis send against Kuchlug?
Who was "The Arrow"?
What was Jebe's nickname?
What did the Mongols do to Kuchlug's supporters?
Where was Kuchlug's army defeated?
By 1218, the Mongol Empire and its control extended as far west as what lake?
What is another name for Khwarezmia?
What was Khwarezmia?
Who ruled the Khwarazmian dynasty in the early 13th century?
Who attacked the caravan?
Who was beheaded by the Shah?
How many soldiers did Genghis Khan send to Khwarezmia?
What route did Genghis Khan use to trade with Khwarezmia?
What mountains did Genghis Khan's army cross?
How many groups was Genghis Khan's army divided into?
What part of Khwarzemia did the second division march to?
Who led the third division under Genghis Khan?
The second division formed a pincer attack on what city?
What was decisive in Khwarezmia's defeats?
What town did the Mongols seize?
What did Genghis Khan pour into Inalchuq's ears and eyes?
What did the Shah do instead of surrendering?
Who hunted down the Shah?
What was the capital of the Khwarezmid Empire?
Where was the capital moved to after Samarkand fell?
What did Genghis Khan divert through the Khwarezmid emperor's birthplace?
Who did the Mongols use as body shields?
What did Genghis do to his surrender terms?
What was raised as a symbol of victory?
What did the city leaders do to the Mongols?
Who held the city's citadel for another twelve days?
Who were sent back to Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan call himself?
Who was drafted into the Mongolian army?
When was the Khwarezmian Empire defeated?
Who suggested that the Mongol army be split into two?
Where did the Mongols overwintered?
Where did Subutai's forces defeat the larger Kievan force?
Who led the Kievan Rus troops?
Who was Genghis Khan's grandson?
What group did Batu lead?
Who led the famous cavalry expedition?
When did the two divisions return to Mongolia?
Where did Jebe die?
When did Genghis Khan begin a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts?
When did Genghis Khan take Xiliang-fu?
Who did one of the Tangut generals challenge to a battle near Helan Mountains?
What river did Genghis Khan cross to defeat the Tangut relief army?
What did Genghis Khan see that he interpreted as an omen of his victory?
In 1227, Genghis Khan's army destroyed which Tangut capital?
Who led charges against the invaders outside the city gate?
What did Ma Jianlong die from?
Where did Genghis Khan go after conquering Deshun?
What did Genghis Khan order the entire imperial family to be?
Who was Genghis' oldest son?
Who declared that he would never accept Jochi as Genghis Khan's successor?
When did Genghis Khan declare he would never accept Jochi as his successor?
Who was appointed as Genghis Khan's successor?
Which of Genghis Khan's sons was considered unstable?
Which of Genghis Khan's sons was considered unstable?
Who was Genghis Khan's youngest son?
Who did Genghis Khan decide to give the throne to?
When did Jochi die?
Where was Jochi when Genghis Khan sent for his sons?
What was Jochi trying to protect from destruction?
Who did Jochi say he would make an alliance with if he didn't kill his father?
Why is it doubtful that Genghis Khan ordered his son secretly poisoned?
What was the capital of Western Xia in 1227?
Where did Genghis Khan fall from his horse?
What type of wound did Marco Polo claim Genghis Khan died from?
Who was Yinchuan the capital of?
Who is suspected of inventing the story of Genghis Khan's death?
How did Genghis Khan want to be buried?
Where was Genghis Khan born?
Along with the Burkhan Khaldun mountain, where is Genghis Khan believed to be buried?
What is the name of Genghis Khan's memorial?
What is the mongolian name for the Lord's Enclosure?
Where did the mausoleum end up?
Where was Genghis Khan's mausoleum moved in 1949?
When were Genghis Khan's relics returned to the Lord's Enclosure?
Who destroyed most of Genghis Khan's relics during the Cultural Revolution?
When was Genghis Khan's palace uncovered?
What was diverted over Genghis Khan's grave to make it impossible to find?
Who was buried in the same manner as Genghis Khan?
What animal stampeded over Genghis Khan's grave?
Who created the Yassa?
What code governed the Mongol Empire?
What was the Mongol Empire's administrative approach grounded in?
Who was the exception to the rule of meritocracy in the Mongol Empire?
Who was one of the diverse Khans of the Mongol Empire?
What did the Mongol Empire offer religious figures?
Who was Genghis Khan's rival?
What did the Mongols believe about religion?
What religions did the Mongol tribes practice?
Who was briefly in charge of the Mongol Empire when the next male Khagan was being chosen?
What did modern scholars refer to the alleged policy of encouraging trade and communication as?
What sedentary people did Genghis Khan try to eliminate from the Mongol Empire?
What would a civil state under the Great Yassa have established?
Who was a Khitan prince?
Why couldn't the Mongols govern cities?
Who did Chu'Tsai work for?
Who was Chu'Tsai a descendant of?
Who did Genghis Khan put absolute trust in?
Where was the capital of the Mongol Empire?
Who was given command of the Mongol forces against the Jin dynasty?
Who were allowed to pursue the Great Raid into the Caucasus and Kievan Rus?
What did Genghis Khan expect from his generals?
What did the Mongols divert to cut off resources for cities and towns?
Who did the Mongols use as siege engines and engineers?
What was a standard tactic of the Mongol military?
How did the Mongols take enemy prisoners?
Where did the Mongol Empire stretch to at the time of Genghis Khan's death?
Where did the Mongol Empire stretch from at the time of Genghis Khan's death?
Who was Genghis Khan's successor?
When did the Mongol-Song war end?
What did Genghis Khan bring under one cohesive political environment?
Where is Genghis Khan looked on as a great military leader?
What was Genghis Khan's attitude toward religion?
What was the result of bringing the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment?
When did the memory of Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity have a powerful revival?
What role did Genghis Khan play in Mongolia?
What do Mongolians refer to themselves as?
What is there a chasm in the perception of Genghis Khan?
What do Mongolians believe about the historical records written by non-Mongolians?
What is Genghis Khan's face on the largest denominations of money in Mongolia?
Whose name and likeness can be found on products, streets, and buildings in Mongolia today?
What is the name of Mongolia's main international airport?
Why have there been repeated discussions about regulating the use of Genghis Khan's name and image?
Where is Mongolia's main international airport?
What is the name of the first written Mongolian law?
What illegal matters did the Ikh Zasag law punish heavily?
Who noted that the Ikh Zasag law had points to punish illegal matters related to corruption and bribery?
What did Genghis Khan introduce?
Where is there a monument and buildings about Genghis Khan?
What is the population of Inner Mongolia?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty is often credited with re-uniting China?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
In what country did Genghis Khan cause the most damage and destruction?
How much of the Iranian Plateau population did the Mongols kill?
How many people were killed in the Iranian Plateau?
Which descendant of Genghis Khan destroyed much of Iran's northern part?
Who halted Hulagu Khan's forces?
Who beat the Egyptian Mamluks out of Levant, Palestine and Gaza?
When did Batu Khan invade Kievan Rus?
What cities were spared destruction by the Mongols?
Who patronized the legacies of Genghis Khan and Timur?
The Mughal emperors patronized the legacies of Genghis Khan and who?
Attar of what city was a historical figure?
What did the Mongols call Lake Baikal?
Along with the ocean, what was called tenggis by the Mongols?
What does Zhèng mean?
What Chinese word would have received the Mongolian adjectival modifier -s?
What would the 13th century Mongolian pronunciation have closely matched?
What is the Mongolian spelling of Genghis Khan?
What is the Turkic spelling of Genghis Khan?
What is the pinyin for Temüjin?
How is Genghis Khan spelled in English?
What is the pinyin for Genghis Khan?
Where is the word pharmacy derived from?
What did the retail shop sell in addition to medicines?
What did the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply?
What would the term apothecary be seen as in English?
What other herbs did pharmas use?
What are pharmacists?
What do pharmacists ensure for their patients through the quality use of medicines?
What do pharmacists play an important role in?
What is another term for pharmacists who own the pharmacy in which they practice?
What does a pharmacist have to be a healthcare professional?
Who supervises and manages a pharmacy technician in the UK?
What does a pharmacy technician have to register as a professional on?
What does the GPhC do?
What is a pharmacy technician considered in the UK?
What is the responsibility of a pharmacy technician in the UK?
What is Pedanius Dioscorides famous for?
What Latin translation was used as a basis for many medieval texts?
What term was coined by the title of De Materia Medica?
Who was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants?
Who built upon the Latin translation of De Materia Medica during the Islamic Golden Age?
In Japan, at the end of the Asuka period (538-710) and the early Nara period (710-794), men who fulfilled roles similar to pharmacists were what?
Where was the place of pharmacists in society defined?
Where were ranked positions for pharmacists established?
What were pharmacists assigned in the pre-Heian Imperial court?
In the Imperial household, the pharmacist was ranked above or below the two personal physicians of the Emperor?
What advances in the Middle East led to the development of pharmacology?
Who promoted the medical uses of chemical compounds?
Who pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation?
Who wrote The foundations of the true properties of Remedies?
What did Al-Muwaffaq make clear distinction between?
In what year did pharmacies open in Dubrovnik?
Where was the oldest pharmacy set up?
What does the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy now house?
What does the medieval Esteve Pharmacy keep?
In what year was the oldest pharmacy set up?
In most countries, the dispensary is subject to what?
Where did pharmacists once stay?
What are pharmacy technicians now more dependent upon to assist them in their new role dealing with patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues?
What are pharmacy technicians now more dependent upon automation to assist them in their new role?
What are some of the requirements specified in pharmacy legislation?
How do many pharmacists practicing in hospitals gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
What do clinical pharmacists specialize in?
What is one of the reasons that pharmacists in hospitals gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
Who gains more education and training after pharmacy school?
Where can hospital pharmacies be found?
What are most hospital medications?
What have some hospital pharmacies decided to outsource?
Why have some hospitals decided to outsource high risk preparations and some other compounding functions?
Why are hospital pharmacies better than community pharmacies?
What do pharmacists do for patients?
Where did the clinical pharmacy movement begin?
Who do clinical pharmacists often collaborate with to improve pharmaceutical care?
What do clinical pharmacists participate in?
Where do clinical pharmacists care for patients?
What is the clinical pharmacist's role?
What does the review process often involve?
What are some of the things a pharmacist must evaluate in a drug therapy plan?
What must a pharmacist monitor for when designing and initiating a drug therapy plan?
What are ambulatory care pharmacists given in the U.S. federal health care system?
What states give pharmacists collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority?
When did the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approve ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification?
What is the official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care specialty certification exam?
Along with the VA, NIH, and Indian Health Service, what federal health care systems have ambulatory care pharmacists given full independent prescribing authority?
What does a consultant pharmacy focus on?
Where do most consultant pharmacists work?
What are the three largest pharmacy management companies in the U.S.?
Why are consultant pharmacists beginning to work directly with patients?
What do some community pharmacies do?
Since when have a growing number of Internet pharmacies been established worldwide?
What are many of the pharmacies that are similar to community pharmacies actually operated by?
What are internet pharmacies also known as?
Why do some customers prefer online pharmacies over going to a community drugstore?
What is the main difference between community pharmacies and online pharmacies?
Why do many customers order drugs from such pharmacies?
Who feels that only doctors can reliably assess contraindications, risk/benefit ratios, and an individual's overall suitability to use a medication?
What has been reported about pharmacies selling drugs without a prescription?
What do some Internet pharmacies do?
What do most Internet pharmacies do?
What is of particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
What is required for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid in the United States?
What is of particular concern with Internet pharmacies?
What is required for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid in the United States?
What is the responsibility of the filling pharmacy?
What defines a valid patient-doctor relationship?
What is an example of a controlled substance youth can obtain via the internet without a prescription?
Why is there a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries?
What country has there been a push to legalize importation of medications from?
Who is the enforcement of importation of prescription medications generally targeted at?
Is there a known case of a U.S. citizen buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription?
What has the United States been pushing to do in order to reduce consumer costs?
What is pharmacy informatics the combination of?
Where else can pharmacy informaticists work?
What are the needs of pharmacy informatics?
What are pharmacists in pharmacy informatics trained to participate in?
Is pharmacy informatics growing or slowing down?
What type of pharmacies carry novel medications that need to be properly stored, administered, carefully monitored, and clinically managed?
How many of the 28 newly FDA approved medications in 2013 were specialty drugs?
What are some chronic and complex disease states that specialty pharmacies supply drugs for?
What do specialty pharmacies carry?
What other services do specialty pharmacies provide?
How are pharmacists regulated in the United States?
Who can supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public?
Whose Code of Ethics allows physicians to dispense drugs within their office?
What percentage of American physicians practices reportedly dispense drugs on their own?
What can pharmacists not do in the United States?
In what country is there a law requiring that a GP practice be located in a designated rural area?
Where are dispensing physicians allowed to both prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines?
What is the minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy in the UK?
What is the minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest pharmacy in Austria?
What is the reason for the majority rule?
Why does a physician exaggerate the seriousness of a condition?
This system reflects much similarity to what?
What does a physician have a financial interest in doing in order to sell more medications to the patient?
What is the patient's interest?
What are pharmacists expected to do in the coming decades?
How are pharmacists expected to be compensated in the coming decades?
What does Medication Therapy Management include?
What does Medication Therapy Management include?
What is the result of Medication Therapy Management?
Which Canadian provinces have limited prescribing rights?
Who pays pharmacists in Australia for conducting Home Medicines Reviews?
What are pharmacists in the UK paid for by the government for?
What has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy in the United States?
What degree is now required before entering practice in the United States?
What are the two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English-speaking countries?
What was used until the early 20th century?
Where is the Bowl of Hygieia often used?
Where is the red stylized letter A found?
What countries use the green Greek cross?
What is the immune system?
What must an immune system detect to function properly?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
The blood-brain barrier separates the peripheral immune system from what system?
What does the immune system consist of?
What does the immune system detect?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
The immune system protects against what?
What does the term "agents" refer to?
The blood-brain barrier separates the peripheral immune system from what system?
What separates the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system?
What does the term "agents" refer to?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
What are two subsystems of the immune system?
The blood-brain barrier separates the peripheral immune system from what system?
What allows pathogens to avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system?
What does bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system in the form of?
Plants and invertebrates are descendants of what ancient group?
What does acquired immunity do after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
Enzymes in bacteria protect against what type of infection?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What is the process of acquired immunity the basis of?
What creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen?
What can disorders of the immune system result in?
When does immunodeficiency occur?
What happens when the immune system is less active than normal?
What can cause immunodeficiency in humans?
Along with diabetes mellitus type 1 and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, what is a common autoimmune disease?
What happens when the immune system is less active than normal?
What results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms?
What is the study of all aspects of the immune system called?
What is an example of an acquired immunodeficiency?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
What animal's venom did Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis experiment with?
Who developed vaccination and the germ theory of disease?
Who discovered the yellow fever virus?
Who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905?
What was confirmed as the cause of infectious disease?
What virus was discovered by Walter Reed?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
What allows the adaptive immune system to mount faster and stronger attacks each time a pathogen is encountered?
What provides an immediate, but non-specific response if a pathogen breaches the physical barriers?
What is the second layer of protection that vertebrates possess if pathogens successfully evade the innate response?
What is found in all plants and animals?
What is the second layer of protection that vertebrates possess if pathogens successfully evade the innate response?
What allows the adaptive immune system to mount faster and stronger attacks each time a pathogen is encountered?
What prevents pathogens from entering an organism?
What types of molecules does the immune system have to distinguish?
In immunology, what are the components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system?
Antigens are substances that bind to specific immune receptors and elicit an immune response.
What are substances that bind to specific immune receptors called?
What do antigens bind to?
What recognizes components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms?
What is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms?
Pattern recognition receptors recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of what?
What is it called when innate immune defenses respond to pathogens in a generic way?
What is the first line of defense against infection in insects?
What is the first line of defense against infection?
What ejects pathogens and irritants from the respiratory tract?
What secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract serves to trap and entangle microorganisms?
Along with urine, what substance flushes pathogens from the body?
What type of peptides are secreted by the skin and respiratory tract?
What are two examples of antibacterial enzymes found in saliva?
What does semen contain to kill pathogens?
What serves as powerful chemical defenses against ingested pathogens?
When do vaginal secretions become slightly acidic?
What serves as biological barriers?
What do most antibiotics not affect?
Pure cultures of what bacteria can be found in unpasteurized yogurt?
What changes in the environment can reduce the probability that pathogens will reach sufficient numbers to cause illness?
What is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection?
What causes redness, swelling, heat, and pain?
What are released by injured or infected cells?
What eicosanoids produce fever and the dilation of blood vessels associated with inflammation?
What cytokines are responsible for communication between white blood cells?
What cells engulf pathogens?
What can phagocytes be called to specific locations by?
What is the intracellular vesicle that a pathogen becomes trapped in called?
What is formed when a phagosome fuses with a lysosome?
What did phagocytosis evolve as a means of?
What are phagocytes that travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
What is the most abundant type of phagocyte?
What percentage of total circulating leukocytes are neutrophils?
What is the process called when neutrophils migrate toward the site of inflammation?
What is an example of a regulatory factor produced by macrophages?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
What is the second arm of the innate immune system?
Innate cells are important mediators in the activation of what system?
What are phagocytes?
What are phagocytes located mainly in the skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and intestines?
What are dendritic cells named for their resemblance to?
What is one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?
What is one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system?
What condition do NK cells recognize cells by?
What is another name for NK cells?
What is a cell-surface marker called?
What put the brakes on NK cells?
In what group did the adaptive immune system evolve?
The adaptive immune response requires the recognition of specific "non-self" antigens during a process called what?
Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific what?
What are the two major subtypes of T cells?
What subtype of T cell has a role in modulating immune response?
Killer T cells only recognize antigens coupled to what?
Helper T cells and regulatory T cells recognize antigens coupled to what?
What subtype of T cell recognizes intact antigens that are not bound to MHC receptors?
What sub-group of T cells kill cells that are damaged or dysfunctional?
What is the name of the co-receptor on the T cell?
What binds to a specific antigen in a complex with the MHC Class I receptor of another cell?
What induces the target cell to undergo apoptosis?
What cytotoxin forms pores in the target cell's plasma membrane?
What recognizes the MHC:antigen complex?
How many receptors must be bound by an MHC:antigen in order to activate the helper cell?
How can killer T cells be activated?
What does activation of a resting helper T cell cause it to release?
What is another name for CD154?
What do gamma delta T cells share the characteristics of?
What do gamma delta T cells possess?
What are Gamma delta T cells also known as?
What do  T cells rearrange TCR genes to produce?
What cells respond within hours to common molecules produced by microbes?
What identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen?
How is the antigen/antibody complex processed by the B cell?
What does a matching helper T cell release that activates the B cell?
When B cells and T cells are activated and begin to reproduce, some of their offspring become what?
What is the term for memory cells that can mount a strong response if the pathogen is detected again?
What are the two forms of immunological memory?
What do memory cells remember?
Newborn infants have no prior exposure to what?
What type of antibody is transferred from mother to baby directly across the placenta?
What contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant?
What is it called when the fetus does not actually make any memory cells or antibodies?
Hormones can act as what, altering the sensitivity of the immune system?
What types of immune responses are female sex hormones known to stimulate?
What autoimmune disease strikes women preferentially?
What is the effect of male sex hormones on the immune system?
What protein has been shown to be closely intertwined with both T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms?
NFIL3 disruptions can lead to an increase in what chronic conditions?
Active immunizations may have a diminished effect when suffering from what?
What is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals?
What do people stay indoors more due to decreased activity levels?
What is regulated by the immune system?
What do people who stay indoors less produce less of via UVB radiation?
What is the main response of the immune system to tumors?
What are tumor antigens presented on?
Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to what?
What is generated against tumor cells allowing for their destruction by the complement system?
What do plants lack?
What are PAMPs?
What happens to cells at the site of infection to prevent the spread of the disease to other parts of the plant?
What is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent?
What can block virus replication?
What is it called when the immune system fails to distinguish between self and non-self and attacks part of the body?
What does the immune system fail to properly distinguish in autoimmune disorders?
Where are specialized cells located?
What do many T cells and antibodies react with under normal circumstances?
What occurs when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive?
The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in which two groups of people?
When do immune responses begin to decline?
What are common causes of poor immune function in developed countries?
What is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries?
What represents the most effective manipulation of the immune system mankind has developed?
What is another name for vaccination?
What is the principle behind vaccination?
Why is deliberate induction of an immune response successful?
What do bacteria secrete to overcome physical barriers?
What type of secretion system does bacteria use to insert a hollow tube into the host cell?
What are proteins used for by pathogens?
The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to do what?
Who formulated the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What are examples of "nonself" entities that trigger a destructive immune response?
What discovery influenced the modification of CST?
Who suggested the clonal selection theory of immunity?
What is the most powerful anti-inflammatory drug?
What are methotrexate and azathioprine used in conjunction with?
What are two examples of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs?
What prevents T cells from responding to signals correctly?
What are two examples of effector cells that peak during wake periods?
What are two examples of anti-inflammatory molecules?
What could counteract free radical production during sleep?
The presence of melatonin during sleep times could actively counteract what?
What does a T-cell extend when it encounters a foreign pathogen?
What is the active form of vitamin D?
What type of relationship do T-cells have with vitamin D?
What is the gene responsible for converting the pre-hormone version of vitamin D, calcidiol?
What immune system cells express CYP27B1?
What proteins are used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What cells are used by most forms of invertebrate life?
Ribonucleases and what are conserved across all eukaryotes?
What classical molecules of the adaptive immune system exist only in jawed vertebrates?
What primitive jawless vertebrates possess a large array of molecules called Variable lymphocyte receptors?
What are the large array of molecules in lamprey and hagfish called?
What evolved in an ancestor of jawed vertebrates?
Invertebrates do not generate what type of cells?
What is the unique defense mechanism bacteria use to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
What are viral pathogens called?
What sequences do prokaryotes use to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that they have come into contact with?
What two theories of immunity fought at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century?
Who represented the cellular theory of immunity?
What cells did Elie Metchnikoff believe were responsible for immune responses?
Who held the humoral theory of immunity?
What did the humoral theory of immunity state that the active immune agents were?
Some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become what?
What do tumor cells have a reduced number of on their surface?
What suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes?
What does the cytokine TGF- suppress?
What is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues?
How many classes of hypersensitivity are there?
What is an immediate or anaphylactic reaction?
What triggers degranulation of mast cells and basophils when cross-linked by antigen?
What happens when antibodies bind to antigens on the patient's own cells?
What is the evasion strategy used by several pathogens to avoid the innate immune system called?
What is an example of a food poisoning bacterium?
What is the eukaryotic parasite that causes malaria?
What bacteria lives inside a protective capsule that prevents lysis by complement?
What does Staphylococcus aureus generate that binds to antibodies?
What is the rapid change of non-essential epitopes while keeping essential epitopes concealed called?
What mutates rapidly so the proteins on its viral envelope that are essential for entry into its host target cell are constantly changing?
What parasite uses a similar strategy?
What do HIV's frequent changes in may explain the failures of vaccines directed at this virus?
What is it called when the immune system identifies and eliminates tumors?
What virus causes cervical cancer?
What enzyme transforms certain skin cells into melanomas?
An enzyme called tyrosinase transforms certain skin cells into what?
What is an example of a skin cell that tyrosinase transforms into tumors called melanomas?
What size drugs can provoke a neutralizing immune response?
What type of amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions?
What is the study of large sets of proteins involved in the immune response called?
A publicly accessible database has been established for the cataloguing of epitopes from pathogens known to be recognizable by what?
What is the emerging field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity called?
What hormones are increased during the early slow-wave-sleep stage?
Leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin support the interactions between T-cells and what?
What type of immune responses are induced by the milieu of hormones produced during slow-wave-sleep?
The milieu of hormones produced during slow-wave-sleep is thought to support the formation of long-lasting immune memory through the initiation of what?
What do complement proteins bind to on the surfaces of microbes?
How can the deposition of complement kill cells?
What is the speed of the response a result of?
What produces an amplified signal by controlled positive feedback?
What is one way people have rebelled against unfair laws?
What was civil disobedience used against in South Africa?
What movement brought independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union?
In what country did the Orange Revolution take place in 2004?
In what country did the 2003 Rose Revolution take place?
Who brought about one of the earliest massive implementations of civil disobedience?
Who occupied Egypt in 1919?
What type of movements has civil disobedience been used in?
What do people rebel against through civil disobedience?
What movement used civil disobedience?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who was Oedipus' father?
Who is the current King of Thebes?
Who was Antigone's father?
What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who wrote the play Antigone?
Who does Antigone defy in the play Antigone?
What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What does Antigone tell Creon that she must do?
Who wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy?
The Mask of Anarchy is perhaps the first modern statement of the principle of what type of protest?
What was the name of Gandhi's nonviolent protest doctrine?
What did Gandhi campaign for?
Who wrote the essay Civil Disobedience?
Who wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy?
Percy Shelley's political poem The Mask of Anarchy begins with images of what?
Percy Shelley's The Mask of Anarchy is perhaps the first modern statement of what principle?
What was Gandhi's version of The Mask of Anarchy called?
Who quoted Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become a code-word for?
Who notes that the term "civil disobedience" has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has the term "civil disobedience" always suffered from?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become in modern times?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become in modern times?
Who notes that the term "civil disobedience" has been used to describe everything from bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become for Vice President Agnew?
For whom has the term "civil disobedience" become a code-word?
What has the term "civil disobedience" always suffered from?
Who wrote that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible?"
What does LeGrande call the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of civil disobedience?
What three types of civil disobedience does LeGrande encourage a distinction between?
The student of civil disobedience quickly finds himself surrounded by a maze of what type of problems and grammatical niceties?
What type of terminology does LeGrande believe has no more or less meaning than the individual orator intends it to have?
Who wrote that "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible?"
What does LeGrande say the student of civil disobedience quickly finds himself surrounded by a maze of semantical problems and grammatical niceties?
The student of civil disobedience quickly finds himself surrounded by a maze of what?
What type of civil disobedience does LeGrande encourage?
What does LeGrande call non-violent civil disobedience?
What is it called when two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to a relation to the state and its laws?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to?
Why wouldn't a head of government's refusal to enforce a decision of the highest court be considered civil disobedience?
What is defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to?
What would not be civil disobedience if the head of government of a country did?
Who would refuse to enforce a decision of a country's highest court?
What is the difference between a public official and a private citizen?
What is a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies conflict?
Who argued that the individual is the final judge of right and wrong?
What happened to Thoreau after he refused to pay a taxman?
The majority may be powerful but it is what?
What did Thoreau advise the taxman to do when he refused to pay?
Whose will does Thoreau believe government may express?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who can act unjustly when the government knocks on the door?
Who argued that the individual is the final judge of right and wrong?
What did Thoreau advise the taxman to do when he refused to pay?
The majority may be powerful but it is what?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against whom?
Brownlee argues that civil disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects "a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken".
Brownlee argues that civil disobedience in opposition to non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to what?
Brownlee argues that the same principle applies to breaches of law in protest against whom?
Who argues that civil disobedience can be justified against non-governmental agencies?
Brownlee argues that civil disobedience against non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects what?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against whom?
Brownlee argues that civil disobedience in opposition to non-governmental agencies such as trade unions, banks, and private what can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system?
What is it usually recognized that lawbreaking must be publicly announced in order to constitute?
What is another form of civil disobedience, according to Stephen Eilmann?
What did Hitler's secret police want to know about German citizens?
Where does the Book of Exodus trace civil disobedience to?
Who refused a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did it?
What must be done in order for lawbreaking to be considered civil disobedience?
What does Stephen Eilmann argue is necessary to disobey?
What might a lawyer assist in if he wanted to help a client?
What did the Fully Informed Jury Association say to think of when Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew in their house?
Where can civil disobedience be traced back to?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is considered to be more destructive than civil disobedience?
What is the refraining from violence said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience?
What does Black's Law Dictionary not include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What is considered to be more destructive than civil disobedience?
Rebellion is argued to be more what?
What is civil disobedients refraining from violence said to do?
What is an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who under Ferenc Deák directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government?
Who directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government?
Whose acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
What can revolutionary civil disobedience change?
What is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the basis for non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the goal of non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Whose acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience?
When were the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience?
How did unarmed Jews prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem?
How was Thoreau's arrest reported?
What did the tax collector who arrested Thoreau do?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
When were the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience?
Why did unarmed Jews gather in the streets?
What do activists who commit civil disobedience collectively do until certain demands are met?
What is it called when activists refuse to sign bail until certain demands are met?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
What type of acts have civil disobedients chosen?
What is the purpose of symbolic acts of civil disobedience?
Who brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the U.S. Government?
How long did Julia Butterfly Hill live in Luna?
What did Julia Butterfly Hill do with the tree she lived in for 738 days?
What have civil disobedients chosen a variety of?
What is an example of an illegal act that, even if widely practiced, would constitute hardly more than a nuisance?
What type of illegal protests may serve a propaganda purpose?
Voice in the Wilderness brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the U.S. Government?
Who lived in a 600-year-old redwood tree for 738 days?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
What did Joseph Haas say in an email to city councilors?
What is pure speech?
What was the result of WBAI's broadcast of "Filthy Words"?
When was the Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation?
What is a criminalized behavior in which civil disobedience can consist simply of engaging in the forbidden speech?
What did WBAI do with the track "Filthy Words"?
What is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government?
How was Joseph Haas arrested?
What do some forms of civil disobedience make it more difficult for?
How did the Plowshares organization temporarily close the GCSB Waihopai?
How did the Plowshares organization temporarily close the GCSB Waihopai?
What type of coercion might civil disobedients employ?
What is the term for civil disobedience that makes it difficult for a system to function?
What is one form of civil disobedience?
Brownlee notes that civil disobedients are constrained in their use of what?
What is the conscientious aim of civil disobedients?
How did the Plowshares organization temporarily close the GCSB Waihopai?
What type of investigations are civil disobedience cases similar to?
What can a suspect decide in a civil disobedience case?
What can serve no useful purpose, and may be harmful?
Why do some civil disobedients find it hard to resist responding to investigators' questions?
What do some civil disobedients seek to do when they are arrested?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to do?
What do some civil disobedients believe binds all to obey laws?
What do some civil disobedients not believe in?
What type of civil disobedients don't believe in the legitimacy of any government?
Anarchists don't believe in the legitimacy of any government and therefore don't see a need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law that does what?
What is an important decision for civil disobedients?
What do some believe a civil disobedient's duty is?
Why would a civil disobedient plead guilty?
What does pleading not guilty send a message of?
What is it called when a defendant pleads for the beauty that surrounds us?
Where did the Committee for Non-Violent Action sponsor a protest in 1957?
What did the protesters do when they knew they would be arrested?
What happened to the protesters when they stepped across the line?
What did Francis Heisler advise the arrested protesters to plead?
What was the sentence given to the protesters?
Why do protesters go to jail?
Why do protesters go to jail?
What is the key point of civil disobedience?
What is to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience?
What does the prosecution sometimes propose to civil disobedients?
What was the outcome of the plea bargain in the case of the Camden 28?
What do activists use in mass arrest situations to secure the same plea bargain for everyone?
What is it called when a civil disobedient pleads guilty without a plea agreement?
Who said "I am here to... submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime?"
What type of speech do some civil disobedience defendants make in allocution?
What do some civil disobedience defendants choose to do in allocution?
What did the court say the defendant's statement suggested?
What did the court think of the defendant's speech?
What did some of the protesters complain about in their allocution speeches?
What is the primary goal of a defendant if they plead not guilty?
What should a defendant do if they plead not guilty?
What must a defendant decide if they plead not guilty?
During what era did the Chicago Eight use a political defense?
What do some civil disobedients seek in the United States?
What type of disobedience is not conscientious or of social benefit?
What is general disobedience?
What has been argued that is not civil disobedience?
What is it generally viewed as if a protestor tries to escape punishment by committing the crime covertly and avoiding attribution?
What is one way a protester can escape punishment?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not itself the object of protest?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not itself the object of protest?
During what war did courts typically refuse to excuse the perpetrators of illegal protests from punishment?
What did the judge instruct the jury to disregard?
Why have activists escaped prosecution?
Along with deterrence, what is a major goal of criminal punishment?
What is the most important consideration in deciding whether or not to impose punishment?
Who decides on utilitarian grounds whether or not to punish?
Brownlee argues that bringing in deterrence at the level of justification detracts from the law's engagement in a moral dialogue with the offender as a rational person because it focuses attention on the threat of punishment and not what?
What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure?
What is construction different from?
What percentage of the gross domestic product of developed countries is made up of construction?
What is the first step in the construction process?
Construction typically takes place on location for whom?
Who normally manages a large-scale construction project?
Who supervises large-scale construction projects?
What is essential for the successful execution of a project?
What are the largest construction projects referred to as?
Who must consider zoning requirements?
What are the three sectors of construction?
What are the two types of building construction?
What are some names for infrastructure?
What includes large public works, dams, bridges, highways and utility distribution?
What includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants?
What is Engineering News-Record?
What is the abbreviation for Engineering News-Record?
In what year did ENR compile data in nine market segments?
What data did ENR use to rank heavy contractors?
What are the three subsectors of the Standard Industrial Classification?
What are the categories for firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project?
Which two classification systems have a system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction?
What is a construction manager?
What is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings?
What are the majority of building construction jobs?
Who acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project?
What are some undesirable end results of building construction projects?
What do those with experience in the field do to ensure a positive outcome?
What must residential construction practices, technologies, and resources conform to?
What generally dictates the construction materials used?
What can residential construction generate?
What can vary dramatically based on site conditions, local regulations, economies of scale, and the availability of skilled tradespeople?
What is making it possible to research new techniques of building construction?
How long does it take to build a small commercial building?
Are working versions of 3D-printing building technology already printing?
Working versions of 3D-printing building technology are already printing how much building material per hour?
What is the purpose of a formal design team?
In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of what?
Who is the design team most commonly employed by?
Who provides drawings and a bill of quantities?
Who does the owner typically award a contract to?
The modern trend in design is toward integration of what?
In the past, what were architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors more likely to be?
What can a firm that has experts from all related fields as employees offer for a construction project?
What is the term for a contract where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction?
What project structures can help the owner integrate the services of architects, interior designers, engineers, and constructors throughout design and construction?
Each of these project structures allows the owner to integrate the services of who?
What are many companies placing more emphasis on?
What can construction projects suffer from?
When do underbids happen?
When do cash flow problems exist?
What is a problem in many fields, but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field?
Who are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project?
Who is the most obvious source of funding for a building project?
Who studies the expected monetary flow over the life of the project and monitors the payouts throughout the process?
What causes cost overruns with government projects?
Who applies expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation?
What must the project adhere to?
Who does not benefit from a project that fails to adhere to codes?
What is malum in se?
What are malum prohibitum considerations?
Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built?
What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?
What is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties?
What does the time element in construction mean?
What must the contracts be designed to ensure?
What can lead to confusion and collapse?
What is a growing number of new forms of procurement?
What does PPP stand for?
What are PPPs also known as?
What is the focus of relationship contracting?
Who acts as the project coordinator?
What role does the architect or engineer play in this type of construction procurement?
There are direct contractual links between whom?
Who does the architect's client have a direct contractual link to?
When does the procedure end?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
Who presents different ideas about how to accomplish the project's goals?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
What is often hired instead of just one contractor?
What happens after the first phase is built?
Who is required to verify and have existing utility lines marked before the foundation can be dug?
What could cause outages and potentially hazardous situations?
What could cause outages and potentially hazardous situations?
Who inspects a building during construction to ensure that it adheres to the approved plans and local building code?
What is issued after a final inspection of a building?
What was the construction industry's revenue in 2014?
How much of the construction industry's revenue is private?
How many firms employed 1 million contractors in 2005?
How many employees does the average contractor have?
How many women were employed in the construction industry in 2011?
What is the average salary for a professional in the Middle East?
What is the average salary in the UK for a professional in the construction industry?
Where have some construction workers made more than $100,000 annually?
What is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world?
What is one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers?
What are some of the major causes of fatalities in the construction industry?
What can reduce the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry?
What is another name for private schools?
What type of scholarship might a student receive at a private school?
What do private schools charge their students?
What do private schools retain the right to do?
How much do some New England preparatory schools charge?
What is another term for schools that do not charge tuition?
Along with the United Kingdom and Canada, what country is a member of the Commonwealth?
Where does private education cover the gamut of educational activity?
What is year twelve known as?
What is the year 13 known as?
What is another term for university-preparatory schools?
What is another factor that affects private secondary school tuition?
High tuition is used to pay higher salaries for who?
Parochial schools are often used to denote what type of schools?
What religious group is represented in the K-12 private education sector?
What type of education do some religiously affiliated and denominational schools teach?
What is a tool not readily available to government schools?
What is a compulsory uniform for private schools in Australia?
Are private schools in Australia always more or less expensive than their public counterparts?
Along with the Anglican Church, Uniting Church and the Uniting Church, what is a major religious foundation in Sydney?
What type of school is St Joseph's College?
Where is St Aloysius' College located?
Who attends Loreto Normanhurst?
In what article of the Grundgesetz does the right to create private schools exist?
What was the unusual protection of private schools implemented to protect them from?
What was the percent of pupils in private schools in Germany in 2008?
What percentage of students attended private high schools in Germany in 2008?
What was the percentage of pupils in private schools in the former GDR?
What forbids segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents?
What are ordinary primary or secondary schools run by private individuals, private organizations or religious groups?
What kind of tuition fees do most Ersatzschulen have?
What are secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups?
What type of schools are most Ergänzungsschulen?
What fees are charged to students at Ergänzungsschulen?
What type of groups run Ergänzungsschulen?
What are private schools called in India?
Along with CISCE and NENBSE, what is a prominent Examination Board in India?
How many different Examination Boards are there in India?
Who provides policy directions for education in India?
Legally, only non-profit trusts and what else can run schools in India?
What country has the largest adult illiterate population in the world?
What evaluates learning levels in rural India?
What does the Annual Status of Education Report do?
What is the medium of education in private schools?
What is the Irish term for private schools?
What is unusual about private schools in Ireland?
What is the average fee for private schools in Ireland?
What is an example of a religious order that runs private schools in Ireland?
What is the average annual fee for boarding schools in Ireland?
When did Malaysia gain independence?
Who was upset that schools had to surrender their properties and be assimilated into the National School system?
What language are Chinese secondary schools required to change to?
What did the government instruct all schools to surrender their properties and be assimilated into?
How many schools converted to become National Type schools?
What are the schools that accept government funds called?
How are private 'un-aided' schools funded?
Where is the Galaxy Public School located?
What is the medium of education in Nepal?
Along with English, what language is a compulsory subject in Nepalese schools?
How many private schools are in New Zealand?
How many students attend private schools in New Zealand?
What percentage of New Zealand's student population attends private schools?
What was New Zealand's then-private school system?
What is New Zealand's largest city?
What type of school is King's College?
Where is Scots College located?
Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College are examples of what type of private school?
Where are Christ's College and St Margaret's College located?
What Catholic schismatic group operates three private schools in Wanganui?
What percentage of primary enrollment does the private sector account for in the Philippines?
What percentage of secondary enrollment is private in the Philippines?
What percentage of tertiary enrollment is private in the Philippines?
When was the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools issued?
Along with English and mathematics, what subjects were replaced by private schools in the Philippines?
What government scheme provides financial assistance for students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows?
What is geared to students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes?
What is made available to underprivileged high school graduates who wish to pursue college/technical education in private colleges and universities?
What act recognizes two categories of schools: public and independent?
When was the South African Schools Act passed?
The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: public and what?
What type of schools are included in the "independent" category?
In what century did missionaries establish some of the oldest schools in South Africa?
What does the term "Model C" continue to be used to describe?
Do white government schools produce better or worse academic results than other government schools?
How much do former Model C schools tend to charge in comparison to other public schools?
What percentage of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008?
How many students attend Kunskapsskolan?
How many employees does Kunskapsskolan have?
What does Kunskapsskolan mean?
What type of school model is Sweden known for?
Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils up to what age to enter public schools?
What are some private schools also known as?
According to The Good Schools Guide, what percentage of children are being educated in the UK at fee-paying schools?
Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils up to what age to enter public schools?
What is the average fee for a day school in the UK?
What landmark case demanded that US schools desegregate "with all deliberate speed"?
What have many of these academies shut down since the 1970s?
In what part of the US did white students migrate to Christian academies?
What race of students migrated to the academies?
What race of students became more concentrated in public schools?
What type of fund is used to provide funding for private schools?
Which amendment contains the Establishment Clause?
What is an example of an individual state's amendment to the First Amendment?
What type of status does a non-religious private school have?
In what state did compulsory education begin?
When did compulsory education begin in Massachusetts?
When was Wisconsin v. Yoder?
What was the case of Pierce v. Society of Sisters?
Who was the defendant in Runyon v.?
What was the average annual tuition for day schools in New York City in 2012?
What was the average annual tuition for boarding schools in the United States in 2012?
What is one of the leading private schools in the US?
What type of drives are used to supplement the endowments of boarding schools?
Who was Harvard's first benefactor?
When did Harvard's undergraduate college become coeducational?
Who led Harvard through the Great Depression and World War II?
Harvard was a founding member of what organization in 1900?
Who was President of Harvard from 1869 to 1909?
What is the world's largest academic and private library system?
How many libraries are in Harvard's library system?
How many volumes are in the Harvard Library?
Who are some of Harvard's alumni?
How many Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Harvard?
Where are the campuses of Harvard located?
How large is Harvard's financial endowment?
Where is Harvard Stadium located?
How many academic units are there at Harvard?
Where is the main campus of Harvard located?
When was Harvard formed?
What colony formed Harvard in 1636?
When was North America's first known printing press carried by the ship John of London?
When was the college renamed Harvard College?
When was the charter creating the Harvard Corporation granted?
Who did the College train in the early years?
What model did the College follow?
Was the College affiliated with any particular denomination?
When did Joseph Willard die?
Who was appointed to the presidency of Harvard two years after Henry Ware?
When was Henry Ware elected to the chair?
Whose lectures were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard?
What did Agassiz's view of science combine observation with?
Whose works were part of the Harvard curriculum at the time?
Who was the most crucial figure in the secularization of American higher education?
What type of beliefs motivated Eliot?
Who were the Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions derived from?
Who reinvigorated creative scholarship to guarantee its preeminence among research institutions?
What did Conant's programs aim to do?
When was the Report published?
How many men attended Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe?
When was the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe admissions?
What happened after the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe admissions?
How far is Harvard's main campus from downtown Boston?
How many residential houses do undergraduates live in?
Where are nine of the residential Houses located?
Where are the other three residential houses located?
Where is the Harvard Business School located?
What bridge connects the Harvard Business School and the Cambridge campus?
Where are the Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and the Harvard School of Public Health located?
How much more land does Harvard own in Allston than in Cambridge?
What are the proposals to connect the Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus?
What does Harvard say will benefit the community as well as the school?
How many professors, lecturers, and instructors instruct students at Harvard?
How many undergraduates do Harvard's 2,400 professors, lecturers, and instructors instruct?
How many graduate students attend Harvard?
In what year was the color crimson unofficially adopted by the student body?
When did Charles William Eliot buy red bandanas for his crew?
How much was Harvard's endowment worth in 2011?
How much of a loss did Harvard's endowment suffer in 2008-09?
What was the name of the $1.2 billion building that was supposed to be completed by 2011?
How much was the Pell Grant available for disbursement as of 2012?
What was the total financial aid reserve for students at Harvard in 2012?
When was the divestment from South Africa movement?
Who did student activists blockade during the divestment from South Africa movement?
How much did Harvard reduce its South African holdings?
How many applicants did Harvard College accept for the class of 2019?
When did Harvard College end its early admissions program?
Why did Harvard end its early admissions program in 2007?
In what year was the Early Action program reintroduced?
Between 1978 and 2008, entering students were required to complete what outside of their concentration?
Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete courses in how many general education categories?
What has the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching criticized Harvard for?
When do Harvard's academic programs operate on a semester calendar?
What must an undergraduate maintain to be considered full-time at Harvard?
What are students graduating in the top 4–5% of the class awarded?
What percentage of students received Latin honors in 2005?
What was the annual tuition for the 2012-13 school year?
What was the total cost of attendance for the 2012-13 school year?
What do families with incomes below $60,000 pay for their children to attend Harvard?
How many grants did Harvard offer in 2009?
How much of Harvard's undergraduate aid is provided by grants?
Where is the Harvard University Library System centered?
What are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates at Harvard?
Where is America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases held?
How many volumes does the Harvard University Library System contain?
How many museums are in the Harvard Art Museums?
What does the Fogg Museum of Art cover?
What museum specializes in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere?
Since what year has Harvard consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities?
When were the first World Reputation Rankings published?
What is Harvard's ranking as a "dream college" according to a poll by The Princeton Review?
How many intercollegiate sports does the Harvard Crimson compete in?
Who does Harvard have an intense athletic rivalry with?
When does the rivalry between Harvard and Yale come to an end?
When does the annual football meeting between Harvard and Yale date back to?
When was the first permanent reinforced concrete stadium built?
In what year did Camp support revolutionary new rules for college football?
Who was Walter Camp?
What is the name of the multi-purpose arena that is home to the Harvard basketball teams?
What is the name of Harvard's primary recreation facility?
How many weight rooms are in the Malkin Athletic Center?
How old is the Harvard-Yale Regatta compared to The Game?
Where is the Harvard-Yale Regatta held?
What is the Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team's rivalry?
When did Harvard win the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships?
Who is the U.N. Secretary?
Who is the President of Colombia?
Who is the President of Costa Rica?
Who is the Prime Minister of Israel?
Who is a comedian, television show host, and writer?
Who was a conductor?
Who is a cellist?
Who was a civil rights leader?
Who is the Fields Medalist mathematician?
Which two legal scholars are on Harvard's faculty?
Who is Harvard's Shakespeare scholar?
What is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States?
What was the population of Jacksonville in 2010?
Where does Jacksonville rank among the most populous cities in the US?
What county is Jacksonville in?
When did Jacksonville consolidate with Duval County?
What river is Jacksonville centered on?
How far is Jacksonville from Miami?
What was one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States?
What was the original population of Jacksonville?
Who was the first military governor of the Florida Territory?
How does the Port of Jacksonville rank among US seaports?
What type of tourism is important to the Jacksonville area?
How many US Navy bases are in Jacksonville?
What are people from Jacksonville called?
How many years has Jacksonville been inhabited?
Who discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the US?
What is the name of the coastal subgroup of the Mocama?
What era began in the 16th century?
What may be the earliest recorded name for downtown Jacksonville?
Who charted the St. Johns River in 1562?
Who did Jean Ribault claim the land for?
Who did Philip II of Spain order to protect the interests of Spain by attacking the French presence at Fort Caroline?
What did the Spanish rename Fort Caroline?
What was the name of the first European settlement on the St. Johns River?
After what war did Spain cede Florida to the British?
What did the British build to connect St. Augustine to Georgia?
What did the names Cow Ford and Cowford reflect?
Who ceded Florida to the British in 1763?
When was Jacksonville's charter approved?
Who won the Battle of Olustee?
What resulted in the first Confederate victory in Florida?
What battle resulted in a Confederate victory?
What caused the city to be disrupted after the war?
What battle took place in March of 1864?
During what era did Jacksonville become a popular winter resort for the rich and famous?
Which president attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition?
What caused a major blow to Jacksonville's tourism in the late 19th century?
What drew visitors to other areas?
By steamboat or by what other means did visitors arrive to Jacksonville?
What allowed the Great Fire of 1901 to spread so quickly?
How many buildings were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1901?
What did Governor Jennings do after the fire?
What was the name of the largest urban fire in the southeastern United States?
Who was attracted to Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What type of studios were established in Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What was Jacksonville called in the 1910s?
What major film production center ended Jacksonville's film industry?
What led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs?
What percentage of Jacksonville's population is non-Hispanic white?
What was the name of the wave of middle class that left Jacksonville with a much poorer population than before?
Who was the mayor of Jacksonville at the time of the Jacksonville Story?
After what war did Jacksonville suffer from urban sprawl?
What caused problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits?
Where did residents have difficulty obtaining municipal services?
What did a 1958 study recommend the city of Jacksonville begin to do?
Who rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965?
How were Jacksonville's officials elected in the 1960s?
How many officials were indicted?
What group was led by J.J. Daniel and Claude Yates?
What happened to Duval County's public high schools in 1964?
What happened when a referendum was held in 1967?
Who was the mayor of Jacksonville in 1968?
What sign marked the new border of Jacksonville?
What plan authorized a half-penny sales tax?
What did the Better Jacksonville Plan authorize?
What is the total area of Jacksonville according to the United States Census Bureau?
What river divides Jacksonville?
What is the name of the major tributary of the St. Johns River?
What percentage of Jacksonville's total area is water?
What town surrounds Jacksonville?
What is the Bank of America Tower?
What was the Bank of America Tower originally called?
How tall is the Bank of America Tower?
How many floors is the Riverplace Tower?
What makes the Wells Fargo Center the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline?
What type of climate does Jacksonville have?
When are the warmest months in Jacksonville?
What is the weather like in Jacksonville's winters?
Why does Jacksonville have very little cold weather?
What was the highest temperature recorded in Charleston in 1879?
What erupts during a typical summer afternoon?
What is combined with rapid heating of the land relative to the water to cause thunderstorms?
In what month does the mean temperature reach 82 degrees?
What was the strongest hurricane to hit Jacksonville?
What was the sustained wind speed of Hurricane Dora when it crossed St. Augustine?
What storm hit Jacksonville on May 28, 2012?
On what scale did Hurricane Dora rank as a Category 2 hurricane?
In what year did Tropical Storm Fay hit Jacksonville?
What is the largest ethnic group in Jacksonville?
How many people lived in Jacksonville in 2010?
How does Jacksonville's Arab population rank in the United States?
What is Jacksonville's largest American community?
What percentage of households were made up of individuals?
What percentage of households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
For every 100 what gender were there 94.1 males?
For every 100 females age 18 and over, how many males were there?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% own in 2000?
According to Oxfam, how many people are in the bottom 50% of the world's population?
What is the average wealth of the top percentile?
Why have Oxfam's claims been questioned?
What does Anthony Shorrocks call the criticism of debt?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% own in 2000?
What do the three richest people in the world possess more of than the lowest 48 nations combined?
What was the combined wealth of the "10 million dollar millionaires" in 2008?
How much of the world's wealth does the top 1% own?
Why are there more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China?
How many of the richest Americans grew up in substantial privilege?
What newspaper reported that the richest 1 percent owned more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
According to the Institute of Policy Studies, over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans did what?
What do the top 400 richest Americans have more of than half of all Americans combined?
Who owns more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start"?
According to the Institute for Policy Studies, what percentage of the Forbes richest 400 Americans grew up in substantial privilege?
Who said that 60 percent of the richest 400 Americans grew up in substantial privilege?
What views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land?
Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from what?
What is the cause of differences in value added within labor?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions?
Wages and profits are determined by what?
Neoclassical economics views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from what?
What is the reason for differences in income distribution within labor?
What are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor?
What are the three economic actors in neoclassical economics?
In a market economy, inequality is a reflection of what?
Why do capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor?
What does the increase in organic composition of capital mean in proportion to capital inputs?
What happens when less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs?
What causes stagnant wages for the working class?
What do capitalist firms increasingly substitute for?
Why do capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor?
What do capitalist firms increasingly do for labor inputs?
The substitution of capital equipment for labor raises what for each worker?
What are the wages for the working class as a result of the substitution of capital equipment for labor?
What will not be controlled in a purely capitalist mode of production?
According to the law of what, the price of skill is determined by a race between the demand for the skilled worker and the supply of the skilled worker?
Employers who offer a below market wage will find what?
What will competitors do if an employer offers a below market wage?
What are high levels of inequality widely viewed as?
Who controls wages in a purely capitalist mode of production?
Wages work in the same way as what for any other good?
What works in the same way as prices for any other good?
What can also concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society, and abuse workers and consumers?
What are high levels of inequality widely viewed as?
What tends to drive down wages?
What is it called when there are few workers for a job that few need?
What will a job where there are few able or willing workers result in?
How can members receive higher wages?
Who may limit the supply of workers?
What will a job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time result in?
What drives down the wage for a low demand job?
Why does competition amongst workers drive down wages?
What is the supply of a job where many workers are willing to work a large amount of time?
Who competes for employees in a high demand job?
Higher economic inequality tends to increase what at the individual level?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What are the motivations for necessity-based entrepreneurship called?
What is another term for achievement-oriented motivations?
What type of entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations?
What tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level?
What is most self-employment based on?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What type of motivations drive opportunity-based entrepreneurship?
What type of impact does opportunity-based entrepreneurship have on economic growth?
What is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases?
In a progressive tax system, what will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
The rate at which income is taxed is coupled with the progressivity of what?
What increases as the taxable base amount increases?
In a progressive tax system, what will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board?
What is an indicator for the effects of taxation?
Variation in individuals' what is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What type of education do some people choose not to pursue?
What happens to those who can't afford an education?
Education raises incomes and promotes growth because it helps to unleash the productive potential of who?
What does a lack of education lead to lower aggregate of?
Variation in individuals' what is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What does education create for those with a high demand for workers?
What kind of wages do those who can't afford an education get?
What does a lack of education lead to?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What did S&P recommend to partially remedy the wealth gap?
How much more growth would the average US worker have if they completed one more year of school?
What did the widening wealth gap make the US more prone to?
Which rating agency concluded that the widening disparity between the wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession?
When did economists with Standard & Poor's rating agency conclude that the widening disparity between the wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession?
In what years did the U.S. experience a recession?
What did S&P recommend to partially remedy the wealth gap?
How much more growth would the average US worker have if they completed one more year of school?
What did the widening wealth gap make the US more prone to?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What happened to skilled workers during the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers cause in the price of skilled labor?
What can result to low economic growth?
What did the decrease in wages cause?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers lead to?
What was the purpose of high school education during the mass education movement?
What is very important for the growth of the economy?
What can result to low economic growth?
What has remained strong in continental Europe?
What countries have a lower level of economic mobility than the U.S.?
How much evidence supports the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes?
What are the effects of Anglo-American liberal policies compared to?
John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer point to the decline of union membership as one of the causes of what?
What is the U.S. economic and social model associated with substantial levels of?
John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer are members of what organization?
How much evidence supports the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes?
Does the U.S. economy afford a higher or lower level of economic mobility than all continental European countries for which data is available?
What country has a high rate of unionization?
What goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What did Jake Rosenfield think the decline of organized labor played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than?
What is Jake Rosenfield's profession?
Where is Jake Rosenfield from?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization?
What type of unionization goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice versa?
What does high inequality go hand-in-hand with?
What might low-skilled workers in rich countries see as a result of trade competition?
What may low-skilled workers in poor countries see as a result of trade?
What does Robert Lawrence argue has meant that low-skilled jobs have been replaced by machine labor?
Robert Lawrence argues that technological innovation and automation has meant that low-skilled jobs have been replaced by what?
Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from a domestic scale to what scale?
Who may see increased wages when rich countries trade with poor countries?
What has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States?
What is Krugman's view of the effect of trade on inequality in America?
Robert Lawrence argues that technological innovation and automation has meant that low-skilled jobs have been replaced by what?
What is the income gap in Botswana?
What is the income gap in Bahrain?
Are women more willing to travel or relocate?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of whom?
In many countries, there is a pay gap in favor of males in the labor market due to what factor?
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of whom?
Who is more likely to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
Who wrote Knowledge and Decisions?
What is the difference in earnings between men and women in the U.S.?
What type of programs help more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have what distributions of wealth?
What does a country acquire as it develops?
Social welfare programs are an example of what?
What is Simon Kuznets profession?
What did Kuznets believe was the result of stages of development?
What does a country acquire as it develops?
What happens to the owners of capital as a country develops?
What do more developed countries move back to?
When did income inequality fall in the United States?
When did income inequality begin to rise in the United States?
The move from the manufacturing sector to what sector may be a sign of a new Kuznets' cycle?
What sector did Kuznets see move to the service sector?
Who saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve?
What is the relationship between level of income and inequality known as?
What has more recent testing of Kuznets' theory shown?
Kuznets' curve predicts that income inequality will do what given time?
How many Kuznets' cycles could be in effect at the same time?
What is a process by which, under certain conditions, newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities?
According to wealth concentration theory, those who already hold wealth have the means to do what?
What does Piketty argue is the fundamental force for divergence?
What generates higher returns?
Where does newly created wealth concentrate?
Who are the beneficiaries of wealth concentration?
What can contribute to the persistence of inequality within society?
Who argues that the fundamental force for divergence is the usually greater return of capital?
What do larger fortunes generate?
What will bid up compensation for rare and desired skills?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What kind of skills will the market bid up compensation for?
What does rent-seeking use to shape government policies?
What is the non-market force known as?
What has been found to cause higher rates of health and social problems?
What causes a lower level of economic growth?
What is lower in more unequal countries?
What has been found to cause higher rates of health and social problems?
What happens to life expectancy in more unequal countries?
In what year did Shiller win the Nobel prize?
What is the most important problem in the United States?
What effect does persistent unemployment have on long-run economic growth?
What generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions?
What kind of growth does increasing inequality harm?
What is the nationality of Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett?
What did researchers Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett find about the rates of health and social problems in countries with higher inequality?
What are the rates of social goods in countries with higher inequality?
How many developed countries did Wilkinson and Pickett study?
What do states like Utah and New Hampshire have high levels of?
What did higher material living standards lead to for most of human history?
Where does this pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still hold?
What increases rapidly as per capita income increases?
Who lives no longer on average than Greeks or New Zealanders?
How was income distributed in Sweden and Japan?
What characteristic has strongly correlated with health in developed countries?
Who created an index of "Health and Social Problems" from nine factors?
How many factors were used to create an index of "Health and Social Problems"?
Where did Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett find health and social problems to be more common?
What does the UNICEF index of child well-being in rich countries correlate with?
Crime rate has been shown to be correlated with what in society?
What are almost identically defined across all nations and jurisdictions?
How many studies have shown tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger?
Daly et al. 2001 estimated that about half of all variation in homicide rates can be accounted for by what?
Daly et al. 2001 found that among U.S States and Canadian Provinces there is a difference of how much in homicide rates related to inequality?
What is the utilitarian principle?
A house that provides less utility to a millionaire as a summer home is an example of reduced what?
An additional dollar spent by a poor person will go to things providing what to that person?
What happens to the marginal utility of wealth as a person becomes richer?
What will a society with more equality have for any given amount of wealth in society?
Conservative researchers argue that income inequality is not significant because what should be the measure of inequality?
What political party is the Cato Institute?
In what year was consumption inequality lower than in 1986?
Who wrote "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor"?
What is Thomas B. Edsall's profession?
What is Raghuram Rajan's profession?
Raghuram Rajan argues that what has created deep financial 'fault lines'?
What is the most recent example of a financial crisis?
What has given the American economy a tendency to go "from bubble to bubble"?
What has given the American economy a tendency to go "from bubble to bubble"?
What is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth spells?
Along with high levels of education, what do high levels of inequality prevent?
What happens to GDP growth if the income share of the top 20 percent increases?
What is an increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent associated with?
Who matters the most for growth via a number of interrelated economic, social, and political channels?
Who are David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela?
According to David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms what?
High and persistent unemployment has a negative effect on what?
Why can unemployment harm growth?
Policies aimed at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing what will support economic growth?
What did Joseph Stiglitz present in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand?
How does global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What is the main reason for this shift?
What has become the secret to growth now that human capital is scarcer than machines?
When did Galor and Zeira show that inequality has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development?
In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting what effect on human capital formation and economic development?
What did a 1996 study by Perotti examine?
What is associated with lower levels of growth from reductions in private savings and investment?
What do very unequal societies tend to be?
What does high levels of inequality do to growth in poor countries?
According to Barro, high levels of inequality reduce growth in poor countries but what about richer countries?
What did Barro's research show there was little overall relation between income inequality and?
Where did Robert Barro study?
When did a study of Swedish counties find a positive impact of inequality on growth?
What states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases?
According to the Kuznets curve hypothesis, what happens to income inequality with economic development?
Who argues that the "magical" Kuznets curve hypothesis cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality?
What is Thomas Piketty's profession?
What did Piketty say reduced inequality between 1914 and 1945?
When did some theories establish possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development?
According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy were thought to offset what?
A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has done what?
How long does it take for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth?
Longer growth spells are robustly associated with what?
What must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth?
What can the effect of economic growth on poverty reduction depend on?
What is the effect of economic growth on poverty?
What organization is Ban Ki-Moon the Secretary General of?
What is economic growth not sufficient for progress on?
What is held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system in many poor and developing countries?
How is much unregistered property held in informal form?
What is the term for unregistered property?
How many steps can it take to build on government land?
In some countries it can take up to 14 years to build on what?
What do some researchers argue is caused in part by income inequality?
What decreased between 1984 and 1991?
What caused the number of quality rental units to decrease?
Why did rental prices increase in East New York?
What policy combined with rising prices made it difficult for low income residents to keep pace?
Who shares the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care?
What are those on lower incomes worse equipped to manage?
What describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts?
What is one method of achieving aspirational consumption?
What does taking on debt lead to?
The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is what?
What is the cause of the increase in environmental degradation?
What is the result of the increase of emissions per person being multiplied by a multiplier?
How can human inequality be addressed without increasing environmental damage?
What do socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to?
What is the result of private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners?
The vast majority of the population is dependent on income in the form of what?
How do socialists argue that the means of production should be owned?
Socialists argue that means of production should be socially owned so that income differentials would be what?
Who argued that government redistributes wealth by force?
In what form did Robert Nozick argue that government redistributes wealth by force?
How does government redistribute wealth according to Robert Nozick?
Nozick recognized that some modern economic inequalities were the result of what?
When are inequalities in the distribution of wealth justified according to John Rawls?
What does the capabilities approach see income inequality and poverty as?
Economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than what?
What is the goal of the capabilities approach?
How does the capabilities approach aim to widen people's choices?
What is agency?
What happens when a person's capabilities are lowered?
Can an old, ill man earn as much as a healthy young man?
What may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home?
Why might violence prevent people from going to work?
What does this approach believe people can work towards?
Who produces Doctor Who?
When was Doctor Who first aired?
What is the name of the sentient space ship in which the Doctor explores the universe?
What did the exterior of the TARDIS look like in 1963?
What genre is Doctor Who?
When did Doctor Who originally run?
Who was the showrunner and head writer for the first five years of its revival?
What was the name of the 1981 Doctor Who spin-off?
Who produced Doctor Who in-house?
Who played the title role of Doctor Who in the first series of the 21st century?
How many actors have played the role of the Doctor?
Who took on the role of the Doctor after Matt Smith's exit?
What was the name of Peter Capaldi's Christmas special?
When does the character of the Doctor take on a new body and personality?
What does the character of the Doctor take on after sustaining an injury which would be fatal to most other species?
From what planet does the main character of Doctor Who come?
What time machine did The Doctor use to escape Gallifrey?
What does the TARDIS stand for?
What allows the TARDIS to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise?
Why is the Doctor's TARDIS fixed as a blue British Police box?
How often does the Doctor travel alone?
Along with the Daleks and Cybermen, who is a renegade Time Lord?
As a Time Lord, the Doctor has the ability to do what when his body is mortally damaged?
What are the Doctor's companions usually?
What does the Doctor have the ability to regenerate when his body is mortally damaged?
When did Doctor Who first appear on BBC TV?
What was the name of the second Doctor Who serial?
Why was the script for The Mutants rejected?
Who wrote 'The Mutants'?
How long was each episode of Doctor Who?
How many seasons was Doctor Who produced for?
Who was the controller of BBC 1 in 1989?
What documentary did Sophie Aldred appear in?
What did the BBC repeatedly afirm?
Where was Doctor Who broadcast?
What did the BBC hope to do with an independent production company?
Who approached the BBC about producing a Doctor Who television film?
Where was the Doctor Who television film broadcast?
How many viewers did the Doctor Who television film have in the UK?
Where did Philip Segal work for Columbia Pictures' television arm?
What was the name of the episode that brought Doctor Who back in 2005?
In what year did Doctor Who have a Christmas Day special every year?
In what year was no full series of Doctor Who filmed?
Who replaced Steven Moffat as executive producer of Doctor Who in 2018?
What kind of specials have been broadcast every year since 2005?
When was the original series of Doctor Who aired?
What Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963-1989 series?
When was the telefilm version of Doctor Who released?
What are two reboots of Doctor Who?
The 2005 Doctor Who is similar to the 1988 continuation of what?
When was the second episode of 'Seinfeld' broadcast?
How long was the delay in broadcasting the first episode of '60 Minutes'?
How long was the transmission of the first episode of '60 Minutes' delayed?
What event caused the first episode of 'The Crown' to be delayed by ten minutes?
What other reason did the BBC think viewers had missed the first episode of 'The Crown'?
What phrase entered British pop culture?
Who named their exhibition "Behind the Sofa"?
What was the name of the Museum of the Moving Image's 1991 exhibition celebrating Doctor Who?
What did Digital Spy call Doctor Who in 2011?
Who voted Doctor Who the scariest TV show of all time in 2011?
What was the most violent show produced by the BBC in 1972?
What percentage of the audience thought Doctor Who was unsuitable for family viewing?
Who said that comparing Doctor Who's violence to other shows was like comparing Monopoly with the London property market?
What game was compared to the London property market?
Where did journalist Philip Howard publish his response to the findings of the 1972 BBC audience survey?
What has become firmly linked to the show in the public's consciousness?
What design did the BBC want to use in merchandising associated with Doctor Who?
What did Anthony Coburn see the police box as?
Who filed an objection to the trade mark claim in 1998?
When did the Patent Office rule in favour of the BBC?
How many seasons did Doctor Who originally run for on BBC One?
When did Doctor Who end?
How many episodes did The Daleks' Master Plan have?
What was the name of the rogue Time Lord in season 8 of Doctor Who?
What was the name of the loosely connected storyline in season 20 of Doctor Who?
When did the format of 'The Walking Dead' change?
How long are the episodes with adverts on overseas commercial channels?
On what day was an extended episode of 'The Simpsons' broadcast?
What episode from 2008 exceeded an hour in length?
When was "The Eleventh Hour" released?
How many Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963?
What is the most common length of Doctor Who episodes?
How many Christmas specials have been aired?
How long is the longest Christmas special?
In what year was the "Planet of the Dead" special televised?
Who were the first two Doctors?
How many of 253 episodes produced during the first six years of Doctor Who are not held in the BBC's archives?
Which seasons of Doctor Who are missing?
By what year had the practice of wiping tapes and destroying spare film copies been brought to a stop?
When were large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries destroyed?
Some episodes have been returned to the BBC from the archives of other countries who did what?
Who made off-air colour videotape recordings?
Along with The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve and Marco Polo, what story is missing from the archive?
On what type of film have excerpts of 'The Crown' been filmed?
Where can audio versions of Lost episodes be found?
Who released official reconstructions of The Invasion?
Who did the BBC work with to re-create The Invasion?
In what year was The Invasion released?
Who animated The Reign of Terror?
When was The Invasion's DVD released?
What concept was introduced to allow the recasting of the main character?
When was the term "regeneration" first conceived of?
What first prompted the concept of regeneration?
What was Hartnell's Doctor's regeneration described as?
What did the Second Doctor undergo when he was recast?
How many times can a Time Lord regenerate?
How many times can a Time Lord regenerate?
What episode depicted the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations?
What serials established that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times?
When was 'The Time of the Doctor' TV film released?
Who played the War Doctor in 2013?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special?
Who played the Valeyard in the 1986 serial The Trial of a Time Lord?
What was the name of the 1986 serial in which Michael Jayston portrayed the Valeyard?
Who was the War Doctor inserted into the show's fictional chronology?
What role did John Hurt play in 2013's "The Day of the Doctor"?
In what episode of Doctor Who did Patrick Troughton and William Hartnell reprise their roles?
Who starred with Troughton and Pertwee in 1983's The Five Doctors?
Where does the First Doctor encounter himself?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary special episode of Doctor Who?
Who appeared together in the audio adventure The Sirens of Time?
What was the name of the audio drama released to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Doctor Who series?
Who starred in the audio drama The Four Doctors in 2010?
Who appeared together in Project: Lazarus?
In what year did Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy appear together in Project: Lazarus?
In what episode did the Eleventh Doctor clarify that he was the product of the twelfth regeneration?
In what 1976 episode was it hinted that the First Doctor may not have been the first incarnation?
In what episode did the Fifth Doctor confirm that he was in his fifth incarnation?
In what episode did the Eleventh Doctor call himself the Eleventh?
When was Mawdryn Undead?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who serial?
Who is the Doctor's granddaughter?
When did the Ninth Doctor think he was the last surviving Time Lord?
What happened to the Ninth Doctor's home planet?
In what episode of Doctor Who did the Ninth Doctor say he didn't have a brother?
What is the companion figure in Doctor Who?
What is the only story in the original series where the Doctor travels alone?
Who were the Doctor's first companions?
Barbara Wright and Ian Chesterton were Susan Foreman's what?
Mary Tamm and Lalla Ward played what Time Lady?
What gender is the primary companion of the Doctor?
Who were the secondary companions of the Tenth Doctor?
Which Doctor was the first to travel with a married couple?
Who is the Doctor's newest traveling companion?
Who played Donna Noble?
Who was the executive producer of Doctor Who in 2005?
When did the Autons and Daleks first appear on Doctor Who?
What was introduced in series 2 of Doctor Who?
How many series did the Macra and the Master appear in?
What is the name of the aliens that were revived in the 50th Anniversary Special?
Who are Doctor Who's oldest villains?
Where are the Daleks from?
What is the chief role of the Daleks?
Who mutated the Daleks?
What is the main weakness of the Daleks?
Who is the Doctor's archenemy?
What is the title of The Master?
Who played The Master in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who?
What was The Master originally referred to as?
Who was the first actor to portray The Master?
Who provided the character's re-introduction in the 2007 episode "Utopia"?
In what episode was the Doctor re-introduced?
When was it revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation?
What is Michelle Gomez's character's name?
Who plays Missy?
Who composed the original theme?
Who realised the original theme for 'Saturday Night Fever'?
What type of techniques were used to build up the various parts of the theme?
The Derbyshire arrangement served as the theme tune up to the end of what season?
What did Ron Grainer ask when he heard the finished theme?
Who recorded a different arrangement for season 18 of Doctor Who?
Who provided the arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord?
Keff McCulloch provided the new arrangement for which Doctor's era?
Who provided a new arrangement for the return of Doctor Who in 2005?
What Christmas episode featured a modified closing credits arrangement?
What was the name of the 2007 Christmas special episode?
What radio station charted the Doctor Who theme at number 228 in 2011?
In what year did Gold compose a new version of the Doctor Who theme?
Where did the Doctor Who theme tune chart in 2011?
Who was responsible for a new arrangement of the theme in 2007?
Who recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics?
Who released a disco version of the Doctor Who theme in 1978?
Where did the disco version of the Doctor Who theme reach in the UK charts?
What was the name of the single released by The Timelords in 1988?
What was the name of the single released by The Timelords in 1988?
Who was the most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years of Doctor Who?
What was Dudley Simpson's first Doctor Who score?
When did Dudley Simpson write music for many adventures for Doctor Who?
What was Simpson's final Doctor Who score?
In what episode of Doctor Who did Dudley Simpson appear as a conductor?
Who performed all the incidental music for the 2005 revival of Doctor Who?
Who performed all the incidental music for the 2005 revival of Doctor Who?
When was a Doctor Who Prom held?
What was the name of the mini-episode that was filmed for the Doctor Who Prom?
Who composed all the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
How many soundtrack releases have been released since 2005?
From what series did the first Doctor Who soundtrack feature music?
What did the fourth Doctor soundtrack contain?
What was the name of the soundtrack released for the 2010 Christmas special?
When was the soundtrack for Series 5 released?
What logo was used for the First Doctor and briefly for the Second Doctor?
Which Doctor's logo had the "DW" TARDIS insignia removed?
What is the primary logo used on all media and merchandise relating to past Doctors?
What logo was used for the final season of the Third Doctor?
Who had the "DW" TARDIS insignia placed to the right in 2012?
What event led to the premiere of Doctor Who?
Where has Doctor Who always appeared?
When did Tom Baker occasionally draw audiences of over 12 million viewers?
When was the "Dalekmania" period?
Where are Doctor Who episodes now repeated?
When did viewership peak at 16 million?
What was seen as poor in the late 1980s?
Which soap opera was the most popular in the 1980s?
What soap opera was Coronation Street?
When was the third notable period of high ratings for the show?
What station aired The Five Doctors two days before it aired on BBC One?
In what country was Silver Nemesis broadcast?
Where did the 1996 television film premiere?
How long before the BBC One broadcast did the 1996 film premiere?
When did the 20th anniversary special of The Five Doctors premiere?
Who broadcasts Doctor Who in Australia?
What did the ABC provide for the 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors?
After SF's closure, on what television channel were reruns of The Five Doctors shown?
What did the ABC do in 2003 for the show's 40th anniversary?
On what channel did the modern series of Doctor Who first air?
When did TVOntario pick up Doctor Who?
What was the first Doctor Who episode aired by TVOntario?
Where did Doctor Who move to in 2009?
What episode of Doctor Who was cancelled due to accusations that it was racist?
Who introduced each episode of Doctor Who on TVOntario?
Who recorded special video introductions for each episode for the Canadian broadcast?
What was played over the closing credits?
Which episode of Doctor Who did Billie Piper record a special introduction for?
When did CBC begin airing series two of Doctor Who?
When was the CFL double header in most of the country?
In what countries are BBC Video serials available on DVD?
How many original series serials have been released on Laserdisc?
What is the name of the episode of Doctor Who released on VCD?
What 1970 story is available on Blu-ray?
When is Doctor Who available on Blu-ray?
Who played the role of the Doctor in the Seven Keys to Doomsday?
What was the name of the play in which Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker played the Doctor?
What was the name of Terry Nation's stage play without the Doctor?
What was the name of the play in which Trevor Martin played the role of the Doctor?
Who played the Doctor while Pertwee was ill?
What is an anagram of "Doctor Who"?
When did Torchwood debut on BBC Three?
When did a second series of Torchwood air?
What was the name of the third series of Torchwood?
What was the name of the fourth series of Torchwood?
Who starred in The Sarah Jane Adventures?
When did a full series of The Sarah Jane Adventures begin?
In what year did David Tennant make a crossover appearance as the Tenth Doctor?
When did Matt Smith make an appearance as the Eleventh Doctor?
Why was the final series of The Sarah Jane Adventures not completed?
What was the name of the charity special produced for Children in Need in 1993?
Who was Dimensions in Time produced for?
Dimensions in Time featured a crossover with what soap opera?
What did the Pulfrich effect require?
What effect did Dimensions in Time use?
What was the name of the 1999 special made for Comic Relief?
How many segments were in Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death?
Who played the Doctor in the parody?
Along with Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent and Hugh Grant, who played the Doctor in the Curse of Fatal Death?
What was Steven Moffat's role on Doctor Who?
What is another name for "Star Trek: The Next Generation"?
Which Family Guy episodes have references to Doctor Who?
What is the name of the Channel 4 show created by Russell T. Davies?
Who is Steven Moffat's character on Coupling?
What young adult fantasy novels have references to Doctor Who appeared in?
What was the earliest Doctor Who-related audio release?
How long was the earliest Doctor Who audio release?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who LP?
When was the first Doctor Who audiobook released?
What was the name of the first radio drama?
Who were the earliest Doctor Who audios released by Big Finish?
What was the name of the 2013 Big Finish Doctor Who audiobook?
Who released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD?
When did Big Finish begin releasing Doctor Who audios on CD?
When did Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor begin appearing for Big Finish?
When did the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures line of original fiction begin?
When were the first Doctor Who books published?
How long has a Doctor Who Magazine been published?
Who publishes the Doctor Who Magazine?
Who has published a new line of Doctor Who novels since 2005?
When was the Doctor Who character created?
Who created the Doctor Who character?
Who has expressed distaste for the idea of Doctor Who stories being canonized?
Who continues to produce Doctor Who episodes?
When did 'The Doctor' win the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series?
When did 'The Doctor' win five consecutive awards at the National Television Awards?
When did Matt Smith become the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award?
Who was the first female Doctor Who nominee?
What award did Michelle Gomez win in 2016?
Who lists Doctor Who as the longest running science fiction television show in the world?
Who did the Peabody Awards honor in 2013?
What type of music was pioneered by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop?
When did the Peabody Awards honor Doctor Who?
What was the largest simulcast of a TV drama?
What season of Doctor Who won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award for Best Writing in a Children's Serial?
Who was voted as the "Best Popular Drama" the corporation had ever produced?
In 2000, Doctor Who was ranked where in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century?
Who ranked Doctor Who first in the Greatest UK Science Fiction and Fantasy Television Series Ever?
How many places did Doctor Who's 1963-1989 run in the 100 Greatest Kids' TV Shows countdown?
What is the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated?
How many BAFTA TV Awards did Doctor Who win?
How many BAFTA Cymru Awards did Doctor Who win?
When was Doctor Who voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4?
What award was "Vincent and the Doctor" shortlisted for?
How many times has Doctor Who won the Short Form of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation?
How many awards has Doctor Who been nominated for?
How many awards has Doctor Who won?
Who won Best Actor in the 2012 National Television Awards?
What episode of Doctor Who won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation in 2010?
Who hurled a soap sponge at a Dalek?
Who impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series?
What does Spike Milligan throw at the Daleks?
What has been satirised on Saturday Night Live?
Jon Culshaw impersonates the Fourth Doctor in what series?
What type of university is the University of Chicago?
When was the University of Chicago established?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many academic research divisions does the University of Chicago have?
How many students attend The University of Chicago's College?
What have University of Chicago scholars played a major role in the development of?
Who helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field?
Where was the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction developed?
What is the largest university press in the US?
When is the Barack Obama Presidential Center expected to be completed?
Who founded the University of Chicago?
Who donated to the University of Chicago?
Who was the first president of the University of Chicago?
When did William Rainey Harper become president of the University of Chicago?
When were the first classes held at the University of Chicago?
Who donated land to the University of Chicago?
Who provided the funds for the first building of the University of Chicago?
What was the name of the University of Chicago's first building?
How much did Marshall Field pledge to the University of Chicago?
Who was the trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Commons?
Des Moines College, Kalamazoo College, Butler University, and Stetson University were some of the schools the University of Chicago affiliated with in the 1890s.
When did the University of Chicago affiliate with Shimer College?
What did the University of Chicago agree to confer a degree on any graduating senior from an affiliated school?
What happened to the affiliation program in 1910?
When did the University of Chicago's affiliation program end?
Who was the fifth president of the University of Chicago?
What was the undergraduate college's liberal-arts curriculum known as?
Why did Hutchins eliminate varsity football from the University of Chicago?
How long did Robert Maynard Hutchins serve as president of Northwestern University?
When did Robert Maynard Hutchins take office?
In what decade did student applications decline at Northwestern?
Why did student applications decline in the early 1950s?
When were students enrolled at Shimer able to transfer to the University of Chicago?
In what neighborhood did crime and poverty increase in the 1950s?
What was the purpose of the early entrant program?
When did students occupy President George Beadle's office?
Why did students occupy President Beadle's office?
When was the Kalven Report issued?
How long was the Kalven Report?
What was the Kalven Report a statement of the university's policy in?
When did the University of Chicago begin a number of multimillion dollar expansion projects?
What did the University of Chicago announce plans to establish in 2008?
How much will the Milton Friedman Institute cost?
Where will the Milton Friedman Institute be located?
Who donated $300 million to the Booth School of Business?
What are the first buildings of the University of Chicago campus known as?
How many quadrangles are in the Main Quadrangles?
Who designed the buildings of the Main Quadrangles?
What is the Mitchell Tower modeled after?
Hutchinson Hall is modeled after what church?
When did the Gothic style on campus begin to give way to modern styles?
Who designed the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle?
What was the purpose of the building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe?
What is the name of the school designed by Edward Durrell Stone?
When was the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center completed?
Where is the Booth School of Business located?
The Center in Paris is located on the left bank of what river?
In what year did the University of Chicago open a center in Beijing?
The University of Chicago opened a center in Beijing near which university's campus?
When did the University of Chicago's Hong Kong campus open?
Who governs the University of Chicago?
How many members are on the Board of Trustees?
How many vice presidents are on the Board of Trustees?
Who is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees?
Who is the President of the University of Chicago?
Who is the University of Chicago accredited by?
How many divisions of graduate research does the University of Chicago have?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many majors does the College of the University of Chicago offer?
How many minors does the College of the University of Chicago offer?
How many divisions are in the College of the University of Chicago?
What division administers interdisciplinary majors and studies which do not fit into one of the other four divisions?
What is the University of Chicago's core curriculum called?
How many students were in the Core classes in 2012-2013?
According to Uni in the USA, what type of learning experience does the University of Chicago provide?
Who said Harvard, Yale, Princeton, MIT, and the University of Chicago can most convincingly claim to provide the most rigorous, intense learning experience?
What is the name of the private day school for K-12 students and day care?
What is the name of the residential treatment program for those with behavioral and emotional problems?
How many public charter schools does the Urban Education Institute operate?
How many charter schools does the Urban Education Institute operate?
Where is the Hyde Park Day School located?
How many libraries does the University of Chicago have?
How many volumes does the University of Chicago library system contain?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's main library?
When was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library built?
How many volumes does the John Crerar Library contain?
How many research institutes does the University of Chicago operate?
How many research centers does the University of Chicago operate?
What is a museum and research center for Near Eastern studies owned and operated by the university?
What particle physics laboratory does the University of Chicago have a stake in?
Where is the Apache Point Observatory located?
What role has the University of Chicago played in economics?
What was the name of the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction?
What was the name of the chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth?
When was REM sleep discovered at the University of Chicago?
When did UChicago begin offering a doctorate in music composition?
When did UChicago begin offering a doctorate in Cinema & Media studies?
Cinema & Media studies began in what year?
When did theater & performance studies begin at the University of Chicago?
How many undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes?
How many students attended the University of Chicago in the fall of 2014?
How many students did the University of Chicago enroll in its four graduate divisions in 2014?
How many students attended the University of Chicago's professional schools in the fall of 2014?
How many students attended the University of Chicago in the fall of 2014?
What group of students comprised almost 19% of the overall study body in the 2012 Spring Quarter?
What organization does the University of Chicago belong to?
What division do the Maroons compete in?
What conference was the University of Chicago a founding member of?
Who was the first winner of the Heisman Trophy?
Why did the University of Chicago withdraw from the Big Ten Conference in 1946?
How many Recognized Student Organizations does the University of Chicago have?
What does RSO stand for?
What extracurricular group has won 118 tournaments and 15 national championships?
What is the name of the nation's longest continuously running student film society?
What is the name of the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe?
Who is the Student Government made up of?
Who leads the Student Government?
How many Vice Presidents are on the Executive Committee?
What is the annual budget of the Student Government?
How many fraternities are at the University of Chicago?
How many sororities are at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the co-ed community service fraternity at the University of Chicago?
How many fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council?
When is the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt held?
Since what year has the University of Chicago held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt?
What does FOTA stand for?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's winter festival?
What is the name of the University of Chicago's annual summer carnival and concert?
Who is the CEO of Microsoft?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who was the former Governor of New Jersey?
Who wrote the first management accounting textbook?
Who was the founder of modern community organizing?
Who was Bill Clinton's top political advisor?
Who is an alumnus of the University of Virginia?
Who is the Governor of the Bank of Japan?
Who was a Prohibition agent?
Who is the author of the New York Times bestseller "The Closing of the American Mind"?
What famous satirist graduated from Stanford University?
Who is the author of the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall?
Who is the author of ''The Good War"?
Who won a Pulitzer Prize?
Who is a minimalist composer?
Who is the Bungie founder and developer of the Halo video game series?
What video game series was developed by Alex Seropian?
Which actor graduated from Columbia University?
Which comedian graduated from Columbia University?
Who is a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life?
Who was a NASA astronaut?
Which popular environmentalist graduated from MIT?
Who developed lithium-ion batteries?
Who developed the uranium-lead dating method?
Who was a major advisor to Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher?
Who was a Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who is known for his work on portfolio theory, asset pricing and stock market behaviour?
Who discovered the fossil of a female hominid australopithecine?
What chess grandmaster graduated from Columbia University?
Who is the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council?
Who was the speed of light calculator?
Who discovered the Compton Effect?
Who created the first nuclear reactor?
Who is considered to be the father of the hydrogen bomb?
Who is the second female Nobel laureate?
Who was an Egyptologist in the past?
What mathematician has taught at Columbia?
Who is a past faculty member of the University of California, Berkeley?
Who developed the actinide concept?
Which two cancer researchers have been on the faculty of the University of Michigan?
Who is the current governor of India's central bank?
Hank Paulson is a former CEO of what financial institution?
Who is a notable Shakespeare scholar?
Who are two renowned political scientists?
Which two paleontologists are on the faculty of Columbia University?
What is the pinyin for the Yuan dynasty?
What is another name for the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan officially proclaim the Yuan dynasty?
The Yuan dynasty is considered a successor to what empire?
What dynasty followed the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
Who was Kublai Khan's grandfather?
When did Kublai Khan impose the name Great Yuan?
Where is the sentence "dà zai Qián Yuán" found?
What was the Mongolian name for the Great Yuan dynasty?
What does Yeke Mongghul Ulus mean?
What nominal title did Yuan emperors hold?
What tribes did Genghis Khan unite?
When did Genghis Khan become Great Khan?
Who was Genghis Khan's third son?
When did Möngke Khan become Great Khan?
Who did gedei Khan offer Kublai a position?
Who did many Han Chinese and Khitan defect to the Mongols to fight?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
Who were the two Han Chinese leaders who defected to the Mongols?
How many troops did each Tumen have?
How many Khitan Tumens did Shimobeidier command?
Who was Shi Tianze's wife?
In what dynasty did Shi Tianze live?
What type of interethnic marriage became common during the Jin dynasty?
Who was Shi Tianze's father?
Chagaan and Zhang Rou jointly launched an attack on which dynasty?
Who commenced a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
Where did Möngke Khan begin a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
When did Möngke Khan die?
Who challenged Kublai's claim to the throne?
What Chinese era name did Kublai adopt?
Whose grandson refused to submit to Kublai?
Where did the Song dynasty remain an obstacle?
Who did Kublai install as the ruler of Korea?
In what direction did Kublai secure Korea's border?
When did Li Tan instigate a revolt against Mongol rule?
What was the goal of Kublai's government after 1262?
What did Kublai leave unchanged?
Who occupied the lowest rank in Kublai's Yuan society?
How many classes did Kublai divide Yuan society into?
What traditional monopolies did Kublai maintain?
Where was the Mongol capital?
Where was the Mongol capital moved to in 1264?
When did Kublai move the Mongol capital from Karakorum to Khanbaliq?
What was the former capital of the Jurchen?
What rituals did Kublai follow to evoke his public image as a sage emperor?
What types of growth did Kublai Khan promote?
What is Pax Mongolica?
Where did Kublai Khan expand the Grand Canal?
Where did Kublai Khan expand the Grand Canal?
Who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China?
Who did the Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou flee with?
When was the Jin dynasty established?
When did the Jin dynasty end?
Who was Kong Duanyou's brother?
How many descendants of Confucius are in Quzhou?
Where did Kublai strengthen his government?
When did Kublai besiege Xiangyang?
What was the last obstacle in Kublai's way to capture the rich?
What was the wealthiest city of China in 1276?
How did the last Song emperor die?
When did Kublai's government face financial difficulties?
Why did Kublai's second invasion of Japan fail?
Who did the Tran dynasty rule?
In what battle did the Tran dynasty defeat the Mongols?
When was the Battle of Bch ng?
When was Dali conquered?
Who did Kublai name as the Crown Prince?
When did Zhenjin die?
What was another name for Temür Khan?
When did Temür Khan rule?
Who was the fourth Yuan emperor?
What did Buyantu Khan do after the reign of Kublai?
Who mentored Buyantu Khan?
What did Buyantu Khan liquidate?
When were traditional imperial examinations reintroduced for prospective officials?
Who was the son of Ayurbarwada?
When did Emperor Gegeen Khan rule?
Who was appointed grand chancellor by Emperor Gegeen Khan?
What was the Da Yuan Tong Zhi?
How many princes were involved in the assassination?
Where did Yesün Temür die?
What was the name of the civil war between Tugh Temür and Ragibagh?
How long did Kusala live?
Who purged pro-Kusala officials?
Who won the civil war against Ragibagh?
What is Tugh Temür known for?
What did Tugh Temür found to promote Chinese learning?
When was the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature established?
What did the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature compile?
What did Tugh Temür support?
When did Tugh Temür die?
Who was Rinchinbal?
How old was Toghun Temür when he succeeded to the throne?
How many successors did Kublai Khan have?
Which dynasties' histories did Toghtogha finish?
What were the final years of the Yuan dynasty marked by?
Why did Kublai Khan's successors lose influence on other Mongol lands?
What were the Yuan emperors separated from?
What happened without interference from the weakening Yuan armies?
What were the Yuan emperors uninterested in?
When did people in the countryside suffer from frequent natural disasters?
What started and grew into a nationwide uprising in 1351?
Why did Temür dismiss Toghtogha?
Who did Toghtogha crush in 1354?
When was the Mng dynasty?
What promoted trade between East and West?
Who produced a fair amount of cultural exchange?
What was the name of the Yuan dynasty's ally in Persia?
What crops were introduced or popularized during the Yuan dynasty?
What type of musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts?
Along with Islam, what religions enjoyed a period of toleration?
What religion was persecuted by the Yuan government?
What type of governmental practices and examinations were reinstated by the Yuan court?
Advances were realized in what fields?
Who was the most famous traveler of the period?
Where was the capital of the Great Khan?
What is Il milione known as in English?
What was the name of the account of Marco Polo's travels?
How did Marco Polo acquire much of his knowledge?
Who helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar?
How accurate was the lunisolar calendar?
What was ordered to provide against famines?
What city became the terminus of the Grand Canal of China?
What was a major food crop introduced to China by the West?
Who ruled all of China during the Yuan dynasty?
What do Mongols worship?
The Yuan dynasty is usually considered to be the legitimate dynasty between which dynasty and the Ming dynasty?
Which dynasty overthrew the Yuan dynasty?
What did some Chinese people consider the Yuan dynasty to be?
What cultures did Kublai Khan's bureaucracy reflect?
From what dynasties did the Chinese-style elements of the Yuan bureaucracy come?
Who gave strong influence to Kublai's early court?
What type of division of authority did Kublai Khan's government adopt?
What three offices did Kublai Khan's government have?
Where did the real military authority in Yuan times reside?
When were the Six Ministries introduced?
Who had separate courts of justice?
What was insignificance compared with native Chinese dynasties?
When was the 'Phags-pa script invented?
What languages did the 'Phags-pa script spell?
Did most of the Mongol Emperors master written Chinese?
Whose mother was a Tangut concubine?
Who was Tugh Temur's father?
By what year were commoners selling their children into slavery?
When did Kublai forbid the sale of Mongols abroad?
What income did the average Mongol garrison family have?
What areas of art were developed during the Yuan era?
What three arts came together during the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty is linked to the Yuan dynasty?
What was the main development in Yuan poetry?
What type of variety show was the incorporation of poetry both classical and the newer qu form?
What type of khanates did the Yuan dynasty not convert to?
What religion did Kublai Khan favor?
What was established as the de facto state religion?
What was the name of the top-level department and government agency?
What sect of Tibetan Buddhism did Kublai Khan favor?
When was Zhu Shijie born?
When did Zhu Shijie die?
What is the rectangular array of coefficients equivalent to?
During the Yuan era, mathematicians made advances in what?
When was the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns written?
What did Guo Shoujing do?
What did Gou derive for his astronomical calculations?
What was the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty?
What is another name for the Shoushi Li?
When was the Calendar for Fixing the Seasons disseminated as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty?
Who were otachi?
What did the Mongols distinguish between otachi doctors and shamans?
What did Mongol shamanism focus on?
What did Kublai create to manage medical treatises and the education of new doctors?
Why were Confucian scholars attracted to the medical profession?
How many schools did the Yuan inherit from the Jin dynasty?
How did the Yuan inherit the Four Great Schools?
How did the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of the empire?
What Chinese medical techniques were transmitted to the Middle East and the rest of the empire?
When did Wei Yilin die?
What was Western medicine sometimes labeled as by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court?
Who founded the Office of Western Medicine?
When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?
Why did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
What philosophy did the humoral system of Western medicine contradict?
How was Chinese printing technology transferred to the Mongols?
Who wrote Nong Shu?
When was earthenware movable type invented?
Who was the wife of gedei?
When was the Imperial Library Directorate created?
What was one of the more notable applications of printing technology?
What were chao made from?
When did the Yuan government switch to bronze plates?
What did the Yuan government use to print paper money?
When did the Il-khanate government issue paper money?
What type of government was created by Kublai Khan?
Kublai Khan's political system was a compromise between Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and what other system?
Who were the Semuren?
What color did the Yuan regime have?
Where did Persians reach the highest-post in the government?
Who did the Mongols import to serve as administrators in China?
Who did the Mongols send to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara?
Where were the Han Chinese moved to by the Mongols?
What did the Han Chinese do in Central Asia?
Who was the Mongol appointed Governor of Samarqand?
What did the Yuan Emperors do to Muslims?
What practice did the Yuan Emperors restrict for Jews?
Who was the founder of the Ming dynasty?
What did the Chinese surname "barracks" mean to some Muslim communities?
Who revolted against the Yuan dynasty in the Ispah Rebellion?
Who wrote that the usage of the term "social classes" for this system was misleading?
What did Mote say the position of people within the four-class system entailed?
What type of Chinese were there?
What did the Mongols and Semu do?
What class of Chinese were ranked higher?
Which group of Chinese were ranked lower?
Why were the Southern Chinese ranked lower than the Northern Chinese?
What was the order in which people were placed in a certain class?
Major commerce during this era gave rise to favorable conditions for whom?
Who surrendered to the Mongols first?
Who did Kublai Khan say the Uighur King of Qocho was ranked higher than?
Who objected when the Mongols placed the Uighurs over the Koreans?
How did the Uighurs surrender to the Mongols?
Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, the south-eastern part of Inner Mongolia and the Henan areas to the north of the Yellow River was considered the most important region of the dynasty?
Who governed the Central Region?
Where was the Central Secretariat located?
What is the modern city of Khanbaliq?
What is another name for the Central Secretariat?
Where is Kenya located?
What does EAC stand for?
What is the capital of Kenya?
What country borders Kenya to the south?
What was Kenya's population in July 2014?
What type of climate does Kenya have?
What is the climate like in the savannah grasslands?
What mountain in Kenya has snow on its peaks?
What countries border Kenya in the north-eastern region?
What is Kenya known for?
The African Great Lakes region has been inhabited by humans since what period?
When did the Bantu expansion reach the area from West-Central Africa?
What populations together constitute around 97% of the nation's residents?
When did European exploration of the interior of Kenya begin?
When did Kenya gain independence?
What is the Republic of Kenya named after?
What are the Kikuyu, Embu, and Kamba words?
What do the Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words Kirinyaga, Kirenyaa and Kiinyaa mean?
What did Ludwig Krapf record the name as?
What do some people believe happened when Krapf recorded the name as both Kenia and Kegnia?
Who drew a map in 1882 that indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia?
In what year did Joseph Thompsons draw a map of Kenya?
Lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant are known as what?
What are the "Big Five" game animals of Africa?
Where can the "Big Five" animals be found in Kenya?
When does the annual animal migration occur?
How far do two million wildebeest migrate from the Serengeti to the Masai Mara?
Fossils found in Kenya suggest that primates roamed the area how long ago?
When did Homo habilis and Homo erectus live in Kenya?
Who discovered the Turkana Boy?
How old was the Turkana Boy?
Who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill?
Who built Mombasa into a major port city?
What city did the Swahili build into a major port city?
Who claimed that Mombasa was a place of great traffic?
Which coast has played host to many merchants and explorers?
What city has remained an important Swahili settlement since the 14th century?
When did Malindi become an important Swahili settlement?
When did World War I begin?
Who agreed to a truce at the outbreak of World War I?
Who took command of the German military forces?
What did von Lettow do when he was cut off from Germany?
Where did von Lettow surrender?
Where were over a million members of the Kikuyu people?
How did the Kikuyu people live?
What did the settlers do to protect their interests?
How many white settlers lived in Kenya in the 1950s?
When was General China captured?
What did the capture of Warhi Itote lead to?
When did Operation Anvil begin?
How many Mau Mau were killed by the Home Guard?
What was the Swynnerton Plan?
When did the first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council take place?
Who formed a government in 1957?
When did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya end?
When did the Colony of Kenya and Protectorate of Kenya end?
What was Kenya's official name when it became a republic?
What was the mlolongo system?
What did the mlolongo system lead to?
Who won re-election in 1992 and 1997?
What type of republic is Kenya?
What is the role of the president in Kenya?
Who exercises the executive power in Kenya?
Who has legislative power in Kenya?
Who is independent of the executive and legislature?
How does Kenya rank on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index?
What does the Corruption Perception Index attempt to do?
Where did Kenya rank on the Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index in 2012?
What did the Kenyan government do to curb corruption?
What party did President Kibaki run under?
Who did President Kibaki run against for re-election?
What happened as the ECK continued to count the votes?
Who declared himself the "people's president"?
What has the government and civil society started since the election riots?
Who initiated community dialogues?
What church started peace meetings in Kenya?
What was started after the election riots?
When did Kibaki and Odinga sign an agreement on the formation of a coalition government?
What was Odinga's position in the coalition government?
Who would the president appoint as cabinet ministers?
How would the president appoint cabinet ministers?
How long would the coalition government last?
What will the new office of the PM do?
Who watched the signing ceremony?
Where was the signing ceremony held?
When did representatives of PNU and ODM begin working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement?
What did the power-sharing deal mean for Kenya?
What was a constitutional change considered to do?
When was a referendum held to vote on the proposed constitution?
What did the new constitution do?
When was the new constitution promulgated?
What did the new constitution herald?
When did President Uhuru Kenyatta sign a Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Why did supporters of the Security Laws Amendment Bill say it was necessary?
Who criticized the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What did opposition politicians argue about the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What countries issued a press statement about the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Why did Obama choose not to visit Kenya in 2013?
Who was the first American president to visit Kenya while in office?
What country did President Kenyatta visit in the summer of 2013?
When did Obama visit Kenya?
Where are the armed forces regularly deployed?
What happened after the 2007 elections?
What have there been serious allegations of?
Who has been tainted by corruption allegations?
Why has corruption been less public view?
What happened in 2010?
What has been publicly questioned?
What is Kenya's Human Development Index?
Which country has the most advanced economy in east and central Africa?
What did 17.7% of Kenyans live on in 2005?
What is Kenya usually classified as?
What has boosted the growth of the service sector?
What is an important catalyst for economic growth?
What is the smallest sector of the economy?
What percentage of the population does the agricultural sector employ?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP does the services sector contribute?
What is Kenya's largest foreign exchange earning sector?
What has the tourism sector shown in most years since independence?
Where are the largest number of tourists from Germany and the UK attracted?
From what two countries do the majority of Kenya's tourists come?
How much of Kenya's GDP did agriculture account for in 2005?
What are Kenya's principal cash crops?
What is the second largest contributor to Kenya's GDP?
What is the production of major food staples such as corn subject to?
Who led the consortium that helped farmers grow pigeon peas instead of maize?
Are pigeon peas drought resistant?
How did successful projects encourage the commercialisation of legumes?
What did ICRISAT's work in Kenya and Mombasa accomplish?
What is the commercialisation of the pigeon pea doing for some farmers?
Where are tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat grown?
What is grown in the fertile highlands?
Where does livestock predominate?
How much of Kenya's population lives below the poverty line?
What is the name of the initiative by the Red Cross?
What is the most industrially developed country in the African Great Lakes region?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP does manufacturing account for?
What are the three largest urban centers in Kenya?
What does Jua Kali engage in?
What has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years?
When did AGOA take effect?
Where does the majority of Kenya's electricity come from?
What two dams provide the majority of Kenya's electricity?
When was the Kenya Electricity Generating Company established?
Where does Kenya have proven deposits of oil?
What is Tullow Oil's estimate of Kenya's oil reserves?
What is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves?
How much of the national import bill does petroleum account for?
What was Kenya's largest source of foreign direct investment according to Liu Guangyuan?
What did Liu Guangyuan say about Chinese investment in Kenya?
What did President Kenyatta hope to gain during his trip to Beijing?
Who shipped the first shipment of minerals to China?
What has China been causing?
What is the name of Kenya's economic development program?
What is Vision 2030?
What did the Kenyan government launch in 2013?
Why did the Kenyan government launch a National Climate Change Action Plan?
What did the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030 emphasise?
Where do most working children in Kenya work?
In 2006, UNICEF estimated what percentage of girls were subject to prostitution?
How old are most prostitutes in Kenya?
What are the causes of child labour?
What do Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities?
What are Kenya's two official languages?
Where is English widely spoken in Kenya?
Where is British English primarily used?
What religion do the vast majority of Kenyans practice?
What religion do 47.7% of Kenyans consider themselves?
How many members does the Presbyterian Church of East Africa have?
Where is the only Jewish synagogue in Kenya?
What percentage of Kenya's population is nonreligious?
What percentage of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region?
What is the predominant religion in Western Kenya?
How many Hindus live in Kenya?
Who treats 80% of the population who visits dispensaries, health centres and private clinics?
Who are complicated cases referred to?
How many nurses were registered in Kenya in 2011?
According to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, how many doctors were registered in 2011?
What directly correlates with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution?
How many Kenyans live below the poverty level?
What are the biggest burden, major child-killers?
What is largely to blame for diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malnutrition?
How many cases of malaria did Kenya have in 2006?
Who introduced Kenya's first system of education?
When did Kenya gain independence?
What was the name of the authority formed after Kenya's independence?
What was the focus of the Ominde Commission?
What was the name of the system that was adopted between 1964 and 1985?
What was the Presidential Working Party on the Second University commissioned to do?
What did the Presidential Working Party on the Second University recommend?
What did the Presidential Working Party on the Second University recommend?
When did the last batch of students graduate from Kenyan Universities?
When was the current 8-4-4 system launched?
What subjects did the 8-4-4 system put more emphasis on?
Why did the 8-4-4 system put more emphasis on vocational subjects?
When did the Government of Kenya announce the introduction of free primary education?
How much did primary school enrolment increase after the introduction of free primary education?
At what age does basic formal education begin?
How many years does primary school last?
What can those who exit primary school do?
What are the options for those who complete high school?
What is the literacy rate of Kenya?
What is the age range for pre-school in Kenya?
What is Preschool in Kenya?
Who does the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education determine?
What is the name of the national examination at the end of Form Four?
What does KNLS stand for?
What is the KNLS mandated to do?
What is a public library seen as in Kenya?
Why is a public library seen as a peoples university?
What are some of the sports Kenya is active in?
What is Kenya known for?
Who continues to dominate the world of distance running?
Who has reduced Kenya's dominance in the world of distance running?
How many gold medals did Kenya win at the Beijing Olympics?
What did Kenya do in the 2008 Olympics?
What did Pamela Jelimo win?
What has caused controversy in Kenyan athletics circles?
Why do most Kenyan athletes defect to other countries?
What sport has Kenya been a dominant force in?
What is Kenya's most successful team sport?
In what year did Kenya reach the semi-finals of the Cricket World Cup?
Who is the current captain of Kenya's cricket team?
When was Kenya's suspension lifted by FIFA?
What is the name of the toughest rally in the world?
What is the Safari Rally commonly acknowledged as?
Who are some of the best rally drivers in the world?
How many meals do Kenyans generally have in a day?
What do Kenyans have in between meals?
What is usually eaten for breakfast in Kenya?
What is generally eaten by much of the population for lunch or supper?
Who oversees the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?
Who established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?
What does the UNFCCC aim to stabilize?
What does the IPCC produce reports that support?
What resolution endorsed the IPCC?
Who is the chair of the IPCC?
What is Hoesung Lee's nationality?
Who was designated acting Chair after the resignation of Rajendra K. Pachauri?
Who was the IPCC chair in 1988?
When did Rajendra K. Pachauri resign?
Who makes up the IPCC Panel?
How many government officials attended the 2003 meeting?
Who attended the 2003 meeting of the IPCC?
What percentage of participants were from governmental organizations?
When was the IPCC Trust Fund established?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What does UNEP stand for?
What is the IPCC required to comply with?
What does WMO stand for?
Does the IPCC carry out research or monitor climate related data?
What do lead authors of IPCC reports assess?
What is the "grey literature"?
What are some examples of non-peer-reviewed sources?
How many "coordinating lead authors" does a typical chapter have?
How many "lead authors" does a chapter typically have?
How many "contributing authors" are there in a chapter?
Who is responsible for assembling the contributions of the other authors?
Who do the coordinating lead authors report to?
What does the executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report say emissions resulting from human activities are doing?
The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says that human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, resulting in what?
How much of the greenhouse effect is CO2 responsible for?
What scenario predicts that global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the 21st century?
How much has global mean surface air temperature increased over the last 100 years?
When did 16 national science academies issue a joint statement on climate change?
How many national science academies issued a joint statement on climate change in 2001?
What journal was the joint statement published in?
How certain were the 16 science academies that temperatures would continue to rise?
How much is the average global surface temperature projected to increase by 2100?
Which IPCC author has made a number of criticisms of the TAR?
What did Lindzen say about the WGI Summary for Policymakers?
Who was a co-chair of TAR WGI?
What position did John Houghton hold?
What must any changes to the SPM be supported by?
What is the preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports?
In what year were the Special Reports on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation and the Special Report on Managing Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters finalized?
In what year were the Special Reports on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation and the Special Report on Managing Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters finalized?
Who requested the Special Reports on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation and Managing Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters?
What other activities does the IPCC support?
What is a factor used to derive emissions estimates based on levels of fuel consumption, industrial production, and so on?
What are default emission factors based on?
The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by which bodies?
What did the IPCC acknowledge was incorrect?
What did the IPCC regret?
Where did the IPCC correctly quote the date of 2035?
What is the name of the ICSI report that the WWF misquoted?
What position did Robert Watson hold?
What did former IPCC chairman Robert Watson say the mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of?
What position did Martin Parry hold?
What did Martin Parry say began with a single unfortunate error?
What did Martin Parry say about the other alleged errors?
When was the hockey stick graph created?
Who wrote the paper that is referred to as the "hockey stick graph"?
What was the Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction referred to as?
Which reconstructions supported the MBH99 finding?
The current warming period is exceptional in comparison to what temperatures?
Who held a press event on Capitol Hill in 2000?
Where did Fred Singer hold a press event?
When did Wibjörn Karlén and Fred Singer argue against the graph?
Where did Wibjörn Karlén and Fred Singer argue against the graph?
Who was the chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce in 2005?
Who was the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations?
When did Rep. Joe Barton write letters demanding full records on climate research?
Who is the chairman of the House Science Committee?
Who is the chairman of the House Science Committee?
When was the Third Assessment Report published?
When was the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report published?
How many of the 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
What is the problem affecting certain tree ring data?
How many reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
When was the IPCC's major report on climate published?
What did a study published on 1 February 2007 suggest?
What was the actual temperature rise over the six years studied?
What was the actual sea level rise compared to the IPCC's 2001 projections?
What is an example of a study that suggests the IPCC has understated dangers and risks?
What was the IPCC's projection for sea levels in 2001?
How much above 1990 levels would sea levels be in 2100, according to the IPCC?
When was the IPCC's Third Assessment Report published?
What was Michael Oppenheimer's role in the IPCC?
What magazine published Oppenheimer's comments?
What does Oppenheimer want instead of the large scale approach?
What is the Ozone depletion global regulation based on?
What did the Kyoto Protocol fail to regulate?
The lockstep situation of the IPCC is having built a broad science consensus while who still follows different, if not opposing goals?
Who compared the ozone depletion case to global warming?
What remain an unsolved problem in case of the IPCC conclusions and the failure of the Kyoto Protocol?
What was the stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge based on successfully reducing?
Who ordered the Stern Review?
The IPCC operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from what?
What cannot be included between the deadline and publication of an IPCC report?
What organization does not carry out its own research?
How many scientists wrote in Nature calling for changes to the IPCC?
Where did five climate scientists write in 2010 calling for changes to the IPCC?
What did the authors of the Nature article suggest as a possible change to the IPCC?
What did the authors of the Nature article recommend to the IPCC to avoid political interference?
What is the main role of chloroplasts?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What is the process called where ATP and NADPH are used to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide?
How many chloroplasts are in an algae cell?
How do chloroplasts reproduce?
What is the behavior of chloroplasts strongly influenced by?
What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?
What is the ancestor of chloroplasts?
How are chloroplasts inherited?
Where are chloroplasts found?
What nationality was Konstantin Mereschkowski?
What was Konstantin Mereschkowski's profession?
When did Konstantin Mereschkowski suggest that chloroplasts originated from cyanobacteria?
Who observed that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria?
What are considered the ancestors of chloroplasts?
What type of bacteria are cyanobacteria?
How many cell membranes do cyanobacteria have?
What is the cell wall of cyanobacteria called?
What are cyanobacteria sometimes called?
What type of cell did a free-living cyanobacterium enter a billion years ago?
When did a free-living cyanobacterium enter an early eukaryotic cell?
What surrounds all chloroplasts?
What type of membrane did the ancestral cyanobacterium escape the phagocytic vacuole?
What happened to the cyanobacterium after it was assimilated?
What does plastid mean?
How many chloroplast lineages are there?
What is another name for the rhodophyte lineage?
What is another name for the chloroplastidan lineage?
Which lineage contains land plants?
What type of algae is Cyanophora?
What is Cyanophora?
What are also known as muroplasts?
What do glaucophyte chloroplasts contain concentric unstacked thylakoids that surround?
What shape is the carboxysome in glaucophytes?
What do rhodoplasts have for photosynthetic pigments?
What are phycobilin pigments organized into on the thylakoid membranes?
What is responsible for giving many red algae their distinctive red color?
What does the red phycoerytherin pigment help red algae do?
What do rhodoplasts synthesize?
What have chloroplastidan chloroplasts lost?
Why are some forms of Hmatococcus pluvialis not green?
What have chloroplastidan chloroplasts lost?
What have the genes for the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer been repurposed for?
What do chloroplastidan chloroplasts contain instead of phycobilisomes?
How many membranes do primary chloroplasts have from their cyanobacterial ancestor?
What do secondary chloroplasts have?
What is the secondary endosymbiotic event?
What are the other two membranes that secondary chloroplasts have?
What was left of the engulfed alga after it was broken down?
What do Euglenophytes contain?
What type of protists are Euglenophytes?
How are pyrenoid and thylakoids arranged in Euglenophytes?
What is stored in the form of paramylon?
What is thought to have been lost in Euglenophytes?
What is another name for Cryptophytes?
What do cryptomonads contain?
What do cryptophyte chloroplasts contain that superficially resembles that of the chlorarachniophytes?
Where is ordinary starch stored?
How many thylakoids are in a cryptophyte chloroplast?
What group of chromalveolates were once thought to be related to apicomplexans?
What are apicomplexans another group of?
What is Plasmodium?
What do many apicomplexans keep?
Where do apicomplexans store their energy?
What do apicoplasts synthesize?
What is the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to cure?
What is the most important apicoplast function?
What do apicoplasts lack?
How many membranes are apicoplasts bounded by?
What pigment is not found in any other group of chloroplasts?
What is the most common dinophyte chloroplast?
How many thylakoids are in a peridinin chloroplast?
What has the peridinin chloroplast lost?
What lineage lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
What lineage lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
How many membranes does a haptophyte chloroplast have?
What would tertiary endosymbiosis create?
Dinophysis have a phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from what?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What have members of the genus Dinophysis taken from a cryptophyte?
What is left after the chloroplast has been stripped of its nucleomorph and outermost two membranes?
What is another name for a diatom derived chloroplast?
What do Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have?
How many membranes surround a diatom derived chloroplast?
How many membranes are in a diatom derived chloroplast?
Where is starch found in the diatom endosymbiont?
Where have all the nucleomorph genes been transferred to?
What is the only dinophyte that has a chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage?
What did Lepidodinium viride lose?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace their original peridinin chloroplast with?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace their original peridinin chloroplast with?
Where do most chloroplasts originate from?
What is Paulinella chromatophora an exception to?
How many base pairs long is chromatophore DNA?
How many protein encoding genes does chromatophore DNA contain?
How many base pairs does the Synechococcus genome contain?
Chloroplasts own DNA is often abbreviated as what?
What is another name for ctDNA?
When was the existence of the plastome first proved?
When was the plastome first sequenced?
Who sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco?
What are highly conserved among land plants?
Some chloroplast DNAs have lost or flipped the inverted repeats making them what?
What is it possible that the inverted repeats help do?
Scientists have attempted to observe chloroplast replication via what since the 1970s?
How many main models have been proposed for the mechanism of cpDNA replication?
What does the D-loop adopt as it moves through the circular DNA?
What is a theta intermediary form also known as?
How does the D-loop complete replication?
What are the gradients in cpDNA?
When does DNA become susceptible to deamination events?
What is a second theory that most cpDNA is?
What is the second theory that most cpDNA is linear and replicates through?
Where is the rest of the genetic material kept?
What is one competing model for cpDNA replication similar to?
What does one competing model for cpDNA replication assert that most cpDNA is?
What is the predominant theory that most cpDNA is?
How is most cpDNA believed to replicate?
What is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages?
What do the genes donated to the former host's nucleus provide evidence for?
What do diatoms have now?
What type of chloroplast did the diatom ancestor have?
What did most chloroplast genes become when they found new homes in the mitochondrial genome?
How many of the protein products of transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast?
What new functions do exaptations take on?
To reach the chloroplast from the cytosol, you have to cross what?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
What does phosphorylation do?
What is the purpose of phosphorylation?
What shape are chloroplasts in land plants?
What is the diameter of a chloroplast in land plants?
How thick are chloroplasts in land plants?
Oedogonium has a single chloroplast that can be shaped like what?
Chlamydomonas has what shape of chloroplast?
The fact that chloroplasts are surrounded by what is often cited as evidence that they are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria?
What is the outer chloroplast membrane interpreted as?
Are the outer and inner chloroplast membranes homologous or different from the cyanobacterium's original double membranes?
The chloroplast double membrane is often compared to what?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used for?
The inner mitochondria membrane is used to run proton pumps and carry out oxidative phosphorylation across to do what?
What is the only chloroplast structure that can be considered analogous to the mitochondrial double membrane?
What regulates metabolite passage?
What is rare in chloroplasts?
What is another name for a stromule?
Why do stromules exist?
When were stromules first observed?
Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum often found?
Where else can the chloroplast peripheral reticulum be found?
What consists of a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles?
What is the purpose of the chloroplast peripheral reticulum?
Small vesicles may serve as transport vesicles to shuttle stuff between what?
What do chloroplasts use their own ribosomes for?
How big are chloroplast ribosomes compared to cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What do small subunit ribosomal RNAs in several Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts lack?
What is shine-dalgarno sequence recognition?
What is the singular form of plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli made of?
How large are plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli surrounded by?
What are plastoglobuli now thought to be permanently attached to?
What allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with?
How do the vast majority of plastoglobuli occur in normal green chloroplasts?
When do plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains?
Where are pyrenoids found?
What shape are pyrenoids?
Are pyrenoids highly or low refractive?
What can accumulate around pyrenoids when CO2 is scarce?
What can pyrenoids do?
In what model do grana consist of a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids?
In the helical thylakoid model, grana consist of a stack of what?
How many thylakoids can a granum contain?
How many thylakoids are most common in the helical thylakoid model?
What are frets or lamellar thylakoids?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb?
What do chlorophyll and carotenoids absorb?
What do molecules in the thylakoid membrane use the absorbed light energy to do?
What do molecules in the thylakoid membrane use the energized electrons to do?
ATP synthase is similar to what?
How many types of thylakoids are there?
How are granal thylakoids arranged?
What are stromal thylakoids?
What are granal thylakoids?
How big are granal thylakoids?
How many photosynthetic carotenoids are there?
What do carotenoids do?
What happens when carotenoids' bright colors override the chlorophyll green?
What is -carotene?
What is a common xanthophyll?
What are phycobilins?
Phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes many red algae what color?
Phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes what algae red?
What do phycobilins often organize into?
How large are phycobilisomes?
What do chloroplasts use to fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules?
What is the problem with rubisco?
What happens when rubisco has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen?
What cycle uses rubisco?
What is wasted when oxygen is added to sugar precursors?
What are chloroplasts specialized for in mesophyll cells?
What do bundle sheath chloroplasts lack?
What do chloroplasts in mesophyll cells use to make ATP and NADPH?
Where do chloroplasts store CO2?
What is the job of bundle sheath chloroplasts?
What parts of a plant contain chloroplasts?
What makes a plant green?
What type of plant cells contain chloroplasts?
Where else can chloroplasts be found in a plant?
What is a chlorenchyma cell?
Where are chloroplasts found in cacti?
Where are chloroplasts found in most plants?
How many chloroplasts are in a stomatal guard cell?
How many chloroplasts can one square millimeter of leaf tissue contain?
Where are chloroplasts found in a leaf?
In what conditions will chloroplasts spread out in a sheet?
When do chloroplasts seek shelter?
What does turning sideways protect chloroplasts from?
What may be the reason why land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts?
What has been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move?
How many main immune responses do plants have?
What is the hypersensitive response?
What is systemic acquired resistance?
How do chloroplasts stimulate both immune responses?
What do chloroplasts produce when they damage their photosynthetic system?
What molecules do chloroplasts produce after detecting stress in a cell?
When do chloroplasts begin producing defense-signals?
What do reactive oxygen species do instead of leaving the chloroplast?
What is retrograde signaling?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What is the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy?
What does photosynthesis produce?
What is used in photosynthesis?
What is made using light energy?
What do chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+ gradient to do?
Where do the molecules between photosystems pump hydrogen ions?
How many hydrogen ions are in the thylakoid system?
What does ATP synthase do with the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions?
What does ATP synthase convert adenosine diphosphate into?
What takes reenergized electrons?
What is it called when electrons are recycled?
Where is cyclic photophosphorylation common?
Cyclic photophosphorylation is common in C4 plants because they need what?
What starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules?
What does the Calvin cycle result in?
What do unstable six-carbon molecules break down into?
How many G3P molecules leave the Calvin cycle?
What can be done to make starch?
Under what conditions can starch grains grow very large?
What happens to the grana and thylakoids when starch grains grow large?
What can cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts?
What might starch grains be a side effect of?
What can happen when Rubisco cannot distinguish between oxygen and carbon dioxide?
When can Photorespiration occur?
What happens when Rubisco accidentally adds O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP?
How much carbon can Photorespiration waste?
Why are chloroplasts in C4 plants notable?
Where do chloroplasts make most of a plant cell's amino acids?
What sulfur-containing amino acids are not made in chloroplasts?
Why is cysteine synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria?
What is unclear about the chloroplast's ability to make methionine?
What is a special type of a plant cell organelle called a plastid?
All chloroplasts in a plant are descended from what?
Where are proplastids commonly found?
What is more common than chloroplasts developing from proplastids in root tip meristems?
What happens if angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation?
What is an etioplast?
What is a prolamellar body?
What do etioplasts have stocked?
What type of plants do not require light to form chloroplasts?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What are chromoplasts?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit?
What can turn back into proplastids if a plant is injured or something else causes a plant cell to revert to a meristematic state?
The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into what?
What do FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments?
What do the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 form within the chloroplast's stroma?
Where does the Z-ring form?
What manages the placement of the Z-ring?
What are PD rings?
How many plastid-dividing rings form?
How large are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
How far apart are the filaments in the outer plastid-dividing ring?
What is found in Cyanidioschyzon merola?
What has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division?
Chloroplasts require exposure to what to complete division?
Spinach leaves grown under green light have been observed to contain how many chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts can grow and progress through some of the constriction stages under what type of light?
Why is plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants?
What is a benefit of genetically modified plants that are biologically contained?
What is the failed containment rate of transplastomic plants?
What type of plants have a failed containment rate of 3 in 1,000,000?
A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and what?
What is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime called?
What establishes the central role of primes in number theory?
Any integer greater than 1 can be expressed as what?
Why does the fundamental theorem require excluding 1 as a prime?
What is the property of being prime called?
What is a simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number?
What is a fast but small probability of error method to test the primality of large numbers?
Which test always produces the correct answer in polynomial time but is too slow to be practical?
How many decimal digits does the largest known prime number have?
How many primes are there?
Who demonstrated that there are infinitely many primes around 300 BC?
What is the distribution of primes?
What is the first result in the direction of modelling the distribution of primes?
When was the prime number theorem proven?
What conjecture states that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes?
What conjecture states that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2?
What branch of number theory focuses on analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers?
What makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors?
Prime numbers give rise to various generalizations in other mathematical domains, mainly algebra, such as prime elements and what?
The image at the right illustrates that 1 is not prime.
What are the divisors of an even number greater than 2?
What term refers to any prime number greater than 2?
All prime numbers larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or what other number?
What are multiples of 2?
Most early Greeks did not consider what number to be a number?
Who listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler?
Who disagreed with Christian Goldbach's listing of 1 as the first prime?
Derrick Norman Lehmer's list of primes up to what number was reprinted as late as 1956?
By the early 20th century mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number, but rather forms what?
What would not hold if 1 were considered a prime?
When would the sieve of Eratosthenes not work correctly?
The relationship of a number to its corresponding value of what function does the number 1 lack?
What function does the number 1 lack?
What would a modified version of the sieve of Eratosthenes produce as output?
What papyrus contains fraction expansions for primes and composites?
The earliest surviving records of the explicit study of prime numbers come from whom?
What contains important theorems about primes?
Who showed how to construct a perfect number from a Mersenne prime?
The Sieve of Eratosthenes is a simple method to do what?
When did Pierre de Fermat state Fermat's little theorem?
Along with Leibniz, who proved Fermat's little theorem?
Fermat conjectured that all numbers of what form are prime?
What primes did Marin Mersenne study?
How far did Fermat verify that all numbers of the form 22n + 1 are prime?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of an integer?
How can the trial division method be implemented more efficiently?
If a and b are composite, then one of the factors a or b is necessarily at most?
How many divisions are necessary to check the primality of 37?
Trial division involves dividing n by each integer m that is greater than 1 and what?
Modern primality tests for general numbers n can be divided into how many main classes?
What are the two main classes of modern primality tests for general numbers n?
Trial division is an example of what kind of algorithm?
Trial division is an example of what kind of algorithm?
If we repeat the test n times and pass every time, what is the probability that our number is composite?
What is a simple example of a probabilistic test?
What does Fermat's little theorem say for any n if p is a prime number?
What satisfy the Fermat identity even though they are not prime?
Along with Miller-Rabin and Solovay-Strassen, what test is guaranteed to fail at least some of the time when applied to a composite number?
What test is guaranteed to fail at least some of the time when applied to a composite number?
What are Sophie Germain primes?
What are Mersenne primes?
What test is particularly fast for numbers of this form?
What are prime numbers where either p + 1 or p  1 is of a particular shape?
What is another name for primes where p + 1 or p  1 is of a particular shape?
Some of the largest known primes have been found using what?
When was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded a prize?
How much did the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project win in 2009?
Who offers prizes of $150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits?
Some of the largest primes not known to have any particular form have been found by taking a piece of semi-random binary data, multiplying it by 256k, and searching for possible primes within what interval?
What is the largest integer not greater than the number in question?
Who proved Bertrand's postulate?
Bertrand's postulate states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n  p  2n  2, for what?
Bertrand's postulate states that there always exists at least one prime number p with what?
What formula generates the number 2 many times and all other primes exactly once?
If a and q are coprime, what is their greatest common divisor?
What asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes?
What is the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9?
How many prime numbers are in the rows that start with a = 3, 6 or 9?
How many prime numbers are in the rows with a = 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8?
What is closely related to prime numbers?
What would (1) have if there were only finitely many primes?
Does the harmonic series exceed any given number?
How does the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 +... diverge?
What is another example of the richness of the zeta function and a glimpse of modern algebraic number theory?
When did the unproven Riemann hypothesis date from?
The unproven Riemann hypothesis states that except for what all zeroes of the -function have real part equal to 1/2?
What does the Riemann hypothesis say the irregularity in the distribution of primes comes from?
What distribution of primes holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What distribution of primes holds for shorter intervals of length about the square root of x?
What asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes?
When were Landau's problems posed?
As of February 2011, Goldbach's conjecture has been verified for what numbers?
What says that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of three primes?
What says that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a semiprime?
What is the name of the conjecture that there are infinitely many twin primes?
What is a twin prime conjecture?
Which conjecture states that for every positive integer n, there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes that differ by 2n?
Polignac's conjecture states that there are infinitely many primes of what form?
Which conjecture states that there are always at least four primes between the squares of consecutive primes greater than 2?
What was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics?
Who was a British mathematician?
In what decade was it announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms?
Along with pseudorandom number generators, what are prime numbers used for?
Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and what?
What is 1/p if p is a prime number other than 2 and 5?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal whose period is what?
Wilson's theorem says that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if what is divisible by p?
An integer n > 4 is composite if and only if what is divisible by n?
What is required for the fraction 1/p expressed similarly in base q to have the same effect?
What public-key cryptography algorithm is based on large prime numbers?
What public-key cryptography algorithm relies on the fact that there are efficient algorithms for modular exponentiation?
What is the most commonly used prime number for RSA?
The Diffie-Hellman key exchange relies on the fact that there are efficient algorithms for what?
What is typical for Diffie-Hellman?
What insects spend most of their lives as grubs underground?
How do cicadas spend most of their lives?
How long do cicadas live underground?
Why do cicadas use prime numbers?
Over a 200-year period, average predator populations during hypothetical outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas would be how much higher than during outbreaks of 13- and 17-year cicadas?
What does the word "prime" generally indicate?
What is a prime field?
How can a knot be uniquely expressed?
What is the second meaning of the word prime?
In knot theory, a prime knot is indecomposable in what sense?
Prime numbers give rise to two more general concepts that apply to elements of what?
What is an element p of R called if it is neither zero nor a unit?
Prime elements and what other concept apply to elements of any commutative ring R?
What makes an element p of R a prime element?
An element is irreducible if it is not a unit and what else?
What holds in unique factorization domains?
What is an example of a unique factorization domain?
What is the form of the complex numbers in Z[i]?
What are a and b in the Gaussian integers Z[i]?
Rational primes of what form are Gaussian primes?
Where is the notion of number replaced with that of ideal?
What generalizes prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal?
Prime ideals are an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, and what other area?
What generalizes to the Lasker-Noether theorem?
Where does the Lasker-Noether theorem express every ideal?
What are the points of algebro-geometric objects?
Factorization of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field bears some resemblance to what?
Where can prime ideals be used in proving quadratic reciprocity?
What does quadratic reciprocity concern?
When a number is multiplied by p, what happens to the norm?
Certain arithmetic questions related to Q or more general global fields may be transferred back and forth to what?
What yields the field of real numbers?
What underlines the importance of primes to number theory?
Who used prime numbers to create ametrical music through "natural phenomena"?
What was the name of Olivier Messiaen's 1935 work?
What was the name of Messiaen's 1949-50 work?
Where do the prime numbers 41, 43, 47, and 53 appear?
What was Messiaen's way of composing inspired by?
Where does the Rhine begin?
The Rhine empties into what body of water in the Netherlands?
What is the biggest city on the river Rhine?
What is the longest river in Central and Western Europe?
How long is the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine located?
Where does the Rhine empties into the North Sea?
How long is the Rhine?
The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from what?
What is the French name for the Gaulish name Rnos?
Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name as what?
When was the Gaulish name Rnos adapted in Roman-era geography?
The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from what?
What is the French name for the Gaulish name Rnos?
What is the Dutch name for the Rhine?
Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name as what?
What was the Dutch name of the Rhine formerly spelled?
The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in what?
When was the Rhine-kilometer scale introduced?
Where does the Rhine-kilometer scale begin?
Where does the "Rhine-kilometer" scale end?
What causes the Rhine to be shortened from its natural course?
What is the conventional measurement of the length of the Rhine called?
When was the Rhine-kilometer scale introduced?
Where does the Rhine-kilometer scale begin?
What causes the Rhine to be shortened from its natural course?
Where does the "Rhine-kilometer" scale end?
To what direction does the Rhine turn near Chur?
How long is the section of the Rhine that makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur?
What is the name of the wide glacial alpine valley the Rhine flows through?
Where is the natural dam that prevents the Rhine from flowing into the Seeztal valley?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Liechtenstein and what country to the east?
Where does the Rhine make a distinctive turn to the north?
How long is the section of the Rhine near Chur?
What is the highest point on the Rhine?
What is the name of the wide glacial alpine valley the Rhine flows through?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Liechtenstein and Austria to the west and what country to the east?
The mouth of the Rhine forms an inland delta into what lake?
What delimits the delta in the west?
What is in the East of the delta?
What is the singular pronounced in the local Alemannic dialect?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
The mouth of the Rhine forms an inland delta into what lake?
What is in the East of the delta?
What delimits the delta in the west?
What did the natural Rhine form by precipitating sediments?
What is the singular pronounced in the local Alemannic dialect?
Where is the upper Rhine canal located?
Where is the lower canal located?
What was the reason for the regulation of the Rhine?
Where does the Dornbirner Ach flow into the lake?
What is expected to happen to Lake Tuggenersee as a result of the continuous input of sediment into the lake?
Where is the lower canal located?
A regulation of the Rhine was called for to counteract what?
Where is the upper Rhine canal located?
What river had to be diverted to make it flow parallel to the Rhine into the lake?
What is expected to silt up the lake?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
What does Untersee mean?
What does Seerhein mean?
The Rhine flows into Lake Constance from the south following what border?
What does Obersee mean?
How many bodies of water does Lake Constance consist of?
Along with Germany, Switzerland and Switzerland, where is Lake Constance located?
Near what mountain range is Lake Constance located?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Along with Bavaria, what German state has shorelines on Lake Constance?
Why does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
Where is a small fraction of the flow diverted off the island of Mainau?
Where does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
Depending on the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along what length of the lake?
What island is on the northern shore of the lake?
Where does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
What island is on the northern shore of the lake?
Where is a small fraction of the flow diverted off the island of Mainau?
What does Rheinrinne mean?
What determines the visibility of the Rhine water along the entire length of the lake?
Which direction does the Rhine generally flow as the Hochrhein?
Which river is the Rhine's major tributary?
What is the average water discharge of the Aare?
What is the highest point in the Rhine basin?
Along with Zürich, Stadt and Schaffhausen, where does the Rhine form the German-Swiss border?
Which direction does the Rhine generally flow as the Hochrhein?
Which river more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge?
What is the average water discharge of the Aare?
What is the highest point in the Rhine basin?
The Rhine roughly forms what border from Lake Constance?
Where is the "Rhine knee" located?
Where does the direction of the Rhine change from West to North?
What is the legal boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
How long is the Upper Rhine Plain?
How wide is the Upper Rhine Plain?
Where is the "Rhine knee" located?
Where does the direction of the Rhine change from West to North?
The direction of the Rhine changes from West to what direction at the "Rhine knee"?
What river ends at the "Rhine knee"?
What is the legal boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow of the Rhine as a result of the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the ground water level as a result of the Rhine straightening program?
What is the name of the canal dug on the French side of the Rhine?
What is the Bassin de compensation de Plobsheim?
What region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow of the Rhine as a result of the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the ground water level as a result of the Rhine straightening program?
What is the name of the canal dug on the French side of the Rhine?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
What is the average discharge of the Moselle?
What is the longest river in Germany?
Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via what river?
What is the average width of the Rhine?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via what river?
What country drains to the Rhine via the Moselle?
What is the annual mean discharge of the Rhine as it approaches the Dutch border?
What river flows between Bingen and Bonn?
Where does the Middle Rhine flow between Bingen and Bonn?
What caused the formation of the Rhine Gorge?
What is the name of the UNESCO World Heritage Site?
What river flows between Bingen and Bonn?
Where does the Middle Rhine flow between Bingen and Bonn?
Along with vineyards, what is the Rhine Gorge known for?
What is the name of the UNESCO World Heritage Site?
What can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland?
Which city is home to Europe's largest inland port?
What river provides drinking water to Duisburg?
What does the Ruhr provide to the region?
Where can many plants and factories be found along the Rhine?
Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of what?
Where are the bulk of the factories and plants located?
Where can many plants and factories be found along the Rhine?
Which city is home to Europe's largest inland port?
What river provides drinking water to Duisburg?
What is one of the dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area?
Between Koblenz and what town is the Rhine Gorge listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
Near Sankt Goarshausen, the Rhine flows around what famous rock?
What is considered the epitome of the Rhine romanticism?
What is one of the dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area?
What is the Rhine Gorge listed as?
Between Koblenz and what town is the Rhine Gorge listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
Near Sankt Goarshausen, the Rhine flows around what famous rock?
Where is the famous rock Lorelei located?
Which city has the largest river port in Europe?
What is the western end of the second east-west shipping route?
The Wesel-Datteln Canal runs parallel to which river?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
Which river flows through North Rhine-Westphalia?
What is the largest conurbation in Germany?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How wide is the Emmerich Rhine Bridge?
The Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede merge with what river?
What Dutch name no longer coincides with the main flow of water?
How much of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows through the Waal?
Where does the water flow volume of the Rhine flow?
Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows through what?
The Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede merge with what river?
What branch of the Nieuwe Maas forms Het Scheur?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
Which river changes its name at Wijk bij Duurstede?
What does the Nederrijn become at Wijk bij Duurstede?
Which river does the Lek join?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
Which river changes its name at Wijk bij Duurstede?
How much of the Rhine's flow does the IJssel branch carry?
What does the Nederrijn become at Wijk bij Duurstede?
Where does the Nederrijn change its name and become the Lek?
What is the name of the smaller streams that formed the main river Rhine in Roman times?
What are the smaller streams used for?
What is the old north branch of the Rhine called?
What does Kromme Rijn mean?
What does Oude Rijn mean?
What is the most important natural region of the Netherlands?
Where does the Rhine-Meuse Delta begin?
What is the common name for the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
What is the name of the middle flow of the Rhine?
How many main flows carry significant amounts of water?
What is the name of the largest and southern main branch of the Rhine?
What does Oude Maas mean?
What does Het Scheur mean?
Before what flood did the Meuse flow south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas?
When was the St. Elizabeth's flood?
Before the St. Elizabeth's flood, the Meuse flowed just south of what line?
When did the Meuse and Waal merge to form Merwede?
What did the Meuse form with Waal and Lek?
Many rivers have been closed and now serve as what for the numerous polders?
What changed the Delta in the second half of the 20th Century fundamentally?
What is another word for closed rivers?
When did the construction of Delta Works change the delta?
What type of delta is the Rhine-Meuse?
The Rhine-Meuse Delta is shaped by what?
What could strong tidal currents do?
Between Brakel and what is the most landward tidal influence detected at the Waal?
Where does the present Mediterranean Sea descend from?
When did the two plates reverse direction and begin to compress the Tethys floor?
Several microplates were caught in the squeeze and rotated or were pushed laterally, generating the individual features of what?
In what era was the opening of the Tethys Ocean?
Which country pushed up the Pyrenees?
From the Eocene onwards, the Alpine orogeny caused a rift system to develop in which direction?
What is the main element of the N-S rift system?
When was the first Rhine river formed?
Along with the Rhone, what river drained the northern flanks of the Alps?
How did the Rhine extend its watershed southward?
During what period did the Rhine capture streams down to the Vosges Mountains?
The Pliocene period saw the Rhine capture streams down to what mountain range?
What geological period began 2.5 million years ago?
How many major Ice Ages have occurred since 600,000 years ago?
How much did sea level drop during the Ice Ages?
In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course to what direction?
Where was the river mouth located during glacial times?
The last glacial ran from 70,000 BP to the end of the Pleistocene (11,600 BP).
When did the Pleistocene end?
In what direction did the lower Rhine flow during the last glacial?
How much lower was sea level during the last glacial period?
The lower Rhine flowed through what channel during the last glacial period?
What must have been the source of the Rhine's current course during the last Ice Age?
What was the space between ice-sheets during the Last Glacial Maximum?
When was the Last Glacial Maximum?
What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What was the name of the wind-blown dust that settled in and around the Rhine Valley?
When did northwest Europe begin to warm up?
What did frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers begin to do as northwest Europe began to warm up?
Where was much of the discharge routed to?
When did rapid warming and changes of vegetation begin?
When was Europe fully forested?
Since when has a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present existed?
What had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea?
In what time period was the coast line roughly at the same location?
What is the cause of the sea level rising in the southern North Sea?
What is the rate of sea level rise in the southern North Sea?
When did the Holocene begin?
When did the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta begin?
What valley did the Rhine occupy at the beginning of the Holocene?
In what country did sea level continue to rise during the Holocene?
Since when has human impact been seen in the delta?
What did the increased sediment load of the Rhine cause?
What has increased as a result of increasing land clearance?
When did damming of minor distributaries take place?
How many avulsions have occurred in the past 6000 years?
Where do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to?
The branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea through what estuary?
Where does the river IJssel branch enter the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon?
What is the IJsselmeer now?
How many branches make up the Rhine?
When did the Rhine enter the historical period?
The Rhine formed the boundary between Gaul and what other area?
When was the Upper Rhine part of the late Hallstatt culture?
Who wrote the Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil?
When did Augustus die?
Along with the Rhine, what river did Rome accept as her Germanic frontier?
When did the northern section of the Germanic frontier cease to be the Roman boundary?
Where did Roman subjects from Alsace-Lorraine drift across the river?
What part of the Black Forest did Rome accept as her Germanic frontier?
How many legions did the Romans keep in five bases along the Rhine?
What army did the Romans assign two legions to at Vetera?
What was the name of the town of the Ubii?
The actual number of legions present at any base depended on whether a state or what existed?
What did oppidum Ubiorum mean?
By what century had the kingdoms of Francia, Burgundy, and Alemannia been established?
What did Germanic tribes establish in the 5th century?
What does Siebengebirge mean?
Who is the hero of the Nibelungenlied?
Who threw Kriemhild's golden treasure into the Rhine?
When was the Rhine within the borders of Francia?
When was the Rhine fully within the Holy Roman Empire?
Along with Swabia and Franconia, through what region did the Rhine flow in the 10th century?
Who sold the Alsace to Burgundy in 1469?
When did Archduke Sigismund sell Alsace to Burgundy?
When did the Upper Rhine form a contentious border between France and Germany?
What was a long-term goal of French foreign policy on the Rhine?
Who established the Confederation of the Rhine?
When was the Confederation of the Rhine established?
When did the Rhine crisis occur?
When was the Rhineland subject to the Treaty of Versailles?
Until what year was the Rhineland occupied by the allies?
Who occupied the Rhineland in 1936?
The Treaty of Versailles is often cited as helping what?
When did the German army re-occupy the Rhineland?
Where was the Rhine bridge a central focus of the battle for Arnhem?
What did the Rhine present to the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies?
When was Operation Market Garden?
What bridge was captured by the U.S. after the Germans failed to demolish it?
What was a Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War?
What was the generally accepted length of the Rhine until 1932?
What German encyclopedia stated the length of the Rhine as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles)?
What was the reason for the error in the 1932 encyclopedia?
What did the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon state the length of the Rhine to be in 1932?
When was the error discovered?
When did the Scottish electorate vote for devolution?
What set out the Scottish Parliament's powers as a devolved legislature?
What does the Act delineate the legislative competence of the Parliament?
The Scotland Act specifies powers that are "reserved" to whom?
The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to which Parliament?
What remained an important element in Scottish national identity?
How many years was Scotland governed by the Parliament of Great Britain?
Why were suggestions for a devolved Parliament shelved?
When did a sharp rise in nationalism in Scotland fuel demands for some form of home rule or complete independence?
What did Kilbrandon recommend in 1973?
In what sea was oil discovered?
What campaign of the Scottish National Party resulted in rising support for Scottish independence?
When did Wilson commit his government to some form of devolved legislature?
What did the SNP argue about the oil revenues?
When were final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed by the United Kingdom Parliament?
Where would an elected assembly be set up under the terms of the Scotland Act 1978?
What percentage of the Scottish electorate had to vote for an elected assembly to be set up in Edinburgh?
How much of the Scottish electorate voted in favor of a devolved Scottish Assembly?
What happened to the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly?
How much of the eligible voting population was unable to vote in the 1979 referendum?
What did the 1980s and 1990s see a growing demand for?
Who controlled the government of the United Kingdom?
When was the Scottish Constitutional Convention held?
What did the Scottish Constitutional Convention publish in 1995?
What is the official home of the Scottish Parliament?
Who designed the Scottish Parliament building?
What nationality was Enric Miralles?
What shape are the buildings in the new Scottish Parliament Building?
Who opened the new building on October 9, 2004?
Why was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland vacated twice?
What was the Parliament's temporary home while it was being constructed?
Where were official photographs and television interviews held?
Where was the Parliament relocated in May 2002?
Where was the Parliament temporarily relocated in May 2000?
Who rented the buildings used by the Parliament?
The former administrative building of what was used for the MSP's offices?
What happened to the Lothian Regional Council building after the move to Holyrood?
Where were the former Midlothian County Buildings located?
What hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room?
How many MSPs serve as Presiding Officer?
Who is the current speaker of the Scottish Parliament?
How are the Presiding Officer and deputies elected?
How many MSPs are in the Scottish Parliament?
Who operates the electronic voting equipment and chamber clocks?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad?
Who sets the work agenda in the chamber?
How many seats does a political party need to have in order to be a member of the Parliamentary Bureau?
Who represents the Scottish Parliament at home and abroad?
What is the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament arranged in?
Why is the Scottish Parliament's debating chamber arranged in a hemicycle?
How many seats are in the debating chamber?
How many seats are occupied by the Scottish Law Officers?
What do Law Officers not have the right to do because they are not MSPs?
Where is the gold in the parliamentary mace panned from?
What metal is the parliamentary mace made from?
Who presented the parliamentary mace to the Scottish Parliament?
What words are inscribed on the parliamentary mace?
Where is the parliamentary mace displayed?
In what month does Parliament recess for two weeks?
Where are plenary meetings held?
Who are chamber debates and committee meetings open to?
How much does it cost to attend chamber debates and committee meetings?
What is the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates?
On what day is Time for Reflection held?
How long does a speaker address members during Time for Reflection?
Who determines invitations to address Parliament?
Speakers are chosen to represent the balance of what according to the Scottish census?
Faith groups can make representations to the Presiding Officer to do what?
Who decides who speaks in chamber debates?
What does the Presiding Officer decide?
What does the Presiding Officer try to balance when selecting members to speak?
Who usually opens debates?
The Scottish Parliament has conducted debates in what language?
When do MSPs decide on all the motions and amendments that have been moved that day?
What is the sounding of the division bell called?
What do MSPs do when they hear the division bell?
How do MSPs vote at Decision Time?
How long does it take for the outcome of each division to be known?
What can be predicted beforehand since political parties normally instruct members which way to vote?
Who normally instructs members how to vote?
Parties entrust some MSPs with the task of ensuring that party members vote according to the party line.
What type of issues are free votes typically used for?
What can happen to errant members?
When is a "Members Debate" held?
What does an MSP have to be in order to participate in Members Business?
How long does a Members Debate last?
Along with the proposer, who normally contributes to a Members Debate?
What happens to the debate when the relevant minister speaks after all other participants?
Where is much of the work of the Scottish Parliament done?
Is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament stronger or weaker than in other parliamentary systems?
Is there a revising chamber in the Scottish Parliament?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
Where can committees meet?
How many MSPs are in a committee?
What does the membership of committees reflect?
What is set out in different ways in different committees?
What type of committees are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders?
In what Session are the Mandatory Committees in the Scottish Parliament?
When are Subject Committees established?
Each committee corresponds with how many departments of the Scottish Government?
What are Economy, Energy and Tourism, Education and Culture, Health and Sport, Justice, Local Government and Regeneration, Rural Affairs, Climate Change, Welfare Reform, and Infrastructure and Capital Investment?
What is the fourth session of the Scottish Parliament?
What is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter who is not a member of the Scottish Parliament or Scottish Government?
What do private bills usually relate to?
Who is not a member of the Scottish Parliament or the Scottish Government?
What type of committees have been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network?
What governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament?
Who gave royal assent to the Scotland Act 1998?
What does the Scotland Act 2012 extend?
Who continues to constitute the supreme legislature of Scotland?
The Scotland Act 1998 governs the functions and role of what body?
What part of the Scotland Act does not specifically mention specific devolved matters?
All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to whom?
What happens to all matters that are not specifically reserved?
How much can the Scottish Parliament alter income tax in Scotland?
What act conferred further fiscal devolution?
Abortion, broadcasting policy, civil service, defence and national security are examples of what type of matters?
Who is unable to legislate on reserved matters?
Where are reserved matters dealt with?
Who handles Ministerial functions in Scotland?
What can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways?
Who can introduce new laws or amendments to existing laws as a bill?
A member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as what?
Who can submit a private bill to Parliament?
How do bills pass through Parliament?
What is another term for Stage 1 of a bill?
Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum, and a Financial Memorandum are examples of what?
Statements from the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill indicate what?
Where does Stage 1 usually take place?
If the whole Parliament agrees in a vote to the general principles of the bill, it proceeds to what stage?
Which stage of the bill is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament?
How many parts does Stage 3 consist of?
What stage of the bill is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament?
Opposition members can table what kind of amendments to the bill?
When do members vote on whether they agree to the general principles of the final bill?
Who does the Presiding Officer submit the bill to for royal assent?
After the bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for what?
How long does it take for a bill to become an Act of the Scottish Parliament?
Who can the Law Officers of the Scottish Government or UK Government refer a bill to for a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the Parliament?
When is the phrase "The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament?"
What makes up the Scottish Government?
Who can put their name forward to be First Minister?
Who does Parliament elect from a number of candidates at the beginning of each parliamentary term?
Most ministers and their juniors are drawn from whom?
Who makes the formal appointment or dismissal of Scottish ministers?
On what day of the week are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
When are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
Who may vary the date of the poll by up to one month on the proposal of the Presiding Officer?
What happens if an extraordinary general election is held less than six months before the due date of an ordinary general election?
How many days after a General Election must a member of Parliament be nominated to be First Minister?
How can the Scottish Parliament scrutinize the Government?
Who is invited to question the First Minister?
At the beginning of each parliamentary year, the First Minister delivers a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's what?
What are the leaders of the opposition parties and other MSPs invited to question the First Minister on?
What time is set aside for question periods in the debating chamber?
On what day does First Minister's Question Time take place?
Who can members direct questions to during General Question Time?
What does First Minister's Question Time allow members to ask the First Minister?
How many general questions are available to opposition leaders?
How many MSPs are elected to represent first past the post constituencies?
When did the number of Scottish MPs decrease?
How many members do voters choose to represent a constituency?
Why do the archipelagos of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles comprise a smaller number of electors?
What is the average number of electors in a Scottish Parliament constituency?
How are the total number of seats in Parliament allocated to parties?
What method is used to allocate seats in Parliament?
What is the party with the highest quotient awarded a seat?
The party with the highest quotient is awarded the seat, which is then added to its what in allocating the second seat?
How is the d'Hondt method repeated until all available list seats are allocated?
What applies to being an MSP?
When was the British Nationality Act passed?
What age must a member of the House of Commons be to be an MSP?
Who are disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament as elected MSPs?
What act states that an individual may not sit in the Scottish Parliament if he or she is judged to be insane?
What is the first time in the Scottish Parliament that a majority SNP government has been produced?
Who did the SNP take 16 seats from?
How many votes did Iain Gray get to retain East Lothian?
How many seats did the SNP take from the Liberal Democrats?
What did the SNP's overall majority allow the Scottish Parliament to hold a referendum on?
Who suffered a net loss of five seats?
Which seat did the Conservatives lose to the SNP?
How many seats did the Conservatives lose?
Who announced she would step down as leader of the Conservatives?
Who congratulated the SNP on their victory but vowed to campaign for the Union in the independence referendum?
What is a procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament?
What are English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs unable to vote on?
What is the phenomenon that English, Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish Westminster MPs are unable to vote on the domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament called?
Who won the 2015 UK election?
What is the only country that Scottish MPs can vote on domestic legislation?
What is an Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt "to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life?"
Where does Islamism try to implement Islamic values?
What does Islamism favor in government and society?
Islamist movements oscillate between how many poles?
What is a strategy of Islamization of society through state power seized by?
What type of process does the Tunisian Ennahda Movement work within?
Where is Hamas located?
Hezbollah and Hamas seek to do what?
Al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad reject what?
What kind of attacks do the Taliban conduct?
What is Graham E. Fuller's description of the fundamentalist "guardians of the tradition"?
What did Olivier Roy say underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century?
What did the Salafi movement focus on?
Following the Arab Spring, Roy described Islamism as "increasingly interdependent" with what in much of the Arab Muslim world?
Why do Islamists need democratic elections?
Islamism posits what kind of role for Islam?
What does ism posit a political role for?
Who believes their views merely reflect Islam?
Hayri Abaza argues the failure to distinguish between Islamism and Islamism leads many in the West to support what?
What do progressive moderates seek to separate?
What are those who want to live by Islam's principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life not?
Who created the concept of 'political Islam'?
What is apolitical Islam?
When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?
What type of Islam is quietist?
Western governments saw Islamists as what?
When did Western governments support Islamists?
What did the non-Afghan veterans of the war return home with?
Who did the US spend billions of dollars to aid?
What were Islamists seen as bulwarks against?
What did the non-Afghan veterans of the war return home with?
Who released Islamists from prison?
What did Sadat make with Israel?
In exchange for releasing Islamists from prison, what did Sadat offer exiles?
When did the gentlemen's agreement between Sadat and Islamists break down?
What happened to Sadat?
What type of interpretation of Islam was promoted by the Saudi-based Wahhabism?
What did Wahhabism say Muslims should do to infidels?
What did Wahhabism believe democracy was responsible for?
What did Wahhabism say Muslims should oppose in every way?
Which interpretation of Islam has set as the "gold standard" in the minds of some or many Muslims?
What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?
What kind of governments are the Muslim Brotherhood compared to?
What type of assistance does the Muslim Brotherhood provide to students from out of town?
What are incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments limited to?
Why does the Muslim Brotherhood facilitate inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies?
What subjects did Iqbal study in England and Germany?
What organization did Iqbal join while studying in England and Germany?
Who was Iqbal a critic of?
When did Iqbal return to Lahore?
What was the title of Iqbal's 1934 book?
What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam?
Iqbal feared that India's Hindu population would do what to Muslim heritage, culture and political influence?
What did Iqbal call for the shedding of?
In what year was Sir Muhammad Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League?
What movement was inspired by Iqbal's Allahabad Address?
Who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party?
What profession did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi choose?
When was the Jamaat-e-Islami party founded?
How did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
Where did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi place Islam?
Who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party?
What profession did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi choose?
How did Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi have more impact than his political organising?
Where did Maududi's books place Islam?
What did Maududi believe Muslim society could not be Islamic without?
What did Maududi believe Islam required the establishment of?
What is tawhid?
What type of change did Maududi believe was necessary for the establishment of an Islamic state?
What is da'wah?
When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?
What is the Muslim Brotherhood's constitution?
What type of influence did Al Banna want to eliminate from the Muslim world?
What did some elements of the Brotherhood engage in against the government?
When was Al-Banna assassinated?
Who was assassinated three months earlier?
When was the Brotherhood banned in Egypt?
Who was the president of Egypt in 1948?
What has the Muslim Brotherhood become in the Islamic world?
What percentage of seats did Islamist parties win in 2011-2012?
What was the Brotherhood described as for many years?
What was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do during elections?
Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt?
How was the defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War?
What did the defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War constitute in the Arab Muslim world?
What stagnation was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes?
What happened to the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics after the Six-Day War?
Maududi and Sayyid Qutb inspired what type of movements?
What type of father was Mohammad Iqbal?
Who was an ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?
Where did Khomeini's beliefs fall in relation to the beliefs of Mawdudi and Qutb?
Who did Khomeini believe was essential to Islam?
What did Khomeini believe the plundering of Muslim lands was part of?
What religion is Iran?
What type of groups has Iran created or assisted?
What kind of sanctions have the US placed on Iran?
When did the Iranian government enjoy a resurgence in popularity among the predominantly Sunni "Arab street"?
Who called for Israel to vanish?
Who deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan in 1979?
What was the Soviet Union trying to suppress in Afghanistan?
What did the Afghan Civil War galvanize Muslims to do?
What was the military effectiveness of the Afghan Arabs?
How many Muslim volunteers came from around the world to fight in Afghanistan?
What did the Gulf War do?
Who was the enemy of Saudi Arabia in the Gulf War?
What type of movement was radicalized by the Gulf War?
Prior to 1990, what country played an important role in restraining the many Islamist groups that received its aid?
Who did Islamists accuse Saudi Arabia of being a puppet of?
Who did the attacks resonate with?
Who did Saudi Arabia try to repress?
Where were American troops stationed after Saddam's defeat?
What country had a bloody civil war?
Who was responsible for the 9/11 attacks?
Whose ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution?
When was Qutb executed?
Hasan al-Hudaybi led what group?
What movements were inspired by Qutb's final writings?
When did the Muslim Brotherhood renounce violence as a means of achieving its goals?
Who was responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat?
When was Sadat assassinated?
What did the Islamic Jihad consider the leaders of Muslim states to be?
What did the Islamic Jihad group believe apostate leaders did?
Who wrote the pamphlet that outlined the Islamic Jihad's views?
What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya employ in their struggle for Islamic order?
What is another Egyptian group that employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order?
When did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya renounce violence?
What was the outcome of the al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya's attempt to overthrow the Egyptian government?
What have the Islamic Liberation Party, Salvation from Hell and Takfir wal-Hijra attempted to assassinate?
What stance did the Muslim Brotherhood take towards Israel prior to the First Palestine Intifada?
What group did the Muslim Brotherhood form in response to the First Intifada?
What did the Hamas charter call for?
What did the Muslim Brotherhood's base of devout middle class antipathy for activities of the secular middle class include drinking?
In what country did Hamas call for the establishment of an Islamic state?
Who drove the PLO out of Gaza?
How many people did Hamas kill between 2000 and 2007?
What did Hamas win in the 2006 legislative election?
When did Hamas drive the PLO out of Gaza?
What has Hamas been praised for?
What type of regime did Hassan al-Turabi lead?
Who was the leader of Sudan's Islamist regime?
What group gained influence when Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government?
How did Hassan al-Turabi build a powerful economic base?
Where did Hassan al-Turabi recruit loyalists?
When was al-Nimeiry overthrown?
How was the NIF able to overthrow the elected government in 1989?
What type of law was enforced in Sudan?
Who did the NIF regime harbor for a time before 9/11?
What did the NIF regime work to unify opposition to in the 1991 Gulf War?
What did women do to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men?
When was the FIS founded?
Where was the FIS based?
What does FIS stand for?
Why was voting canceled in 1991?
What did the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union not lead to?
What type of civil war caused Afghanistan to be one of the poorest countries on earth?
When did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse?
What did the civil war between political and tribal warlords make Afghanistan?
How much of Afghanistan did the Taliban take over in 1996?
Who was spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees?
What country supported the Deobandi movement?
What is another term for Islamic fundamentalist?
What label did the Taliban use to describe their ideology?
Who was a guest of the Taliban?
When did General Zia-ul-Haq overthrow Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime?
What did Ali Bhutto ban within six months before he was overthrown?
What became Zia-ul-Haq's official state ideology?
What did Zia-ul-Haq use Islamization to legitimize?
When was Zia-ul-Haq killed?
What type of group is the Islamic State?
Who is the majority of The Islamic State's members?
How many people live in Iraq and Syria?
What international status does the Islamic State lack?
What did Daesh proclaim in 2014?
When did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?
In what year did Western forces invade Iraq?
Why was ISIL expelled from al-Qaeda?
When did the Syrian Civil War begin?
What has the United Nations designated ISIL as?
How does HT view Muslim history?
When does HT believe Islam's pivotal turning point occurred?
When was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished?
What type of system did the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate end?
What is the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate believed to have done?
What type of jihad does HT not engage in?
What does HT use to take power?
Who does HT want to use to take power?
In what country did the HT attempt a coup in 1974?
Many HT members have gone on to join what?
How many Muslims live in Greater London?
What is the outlook of some of the Muslims in Greater London?
When was Undercover Mosque aired?
What term was given to Greater London's Muslim population by the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque?
What was Abu Hamza al-Masri charged with?
How long has the U.S. been trying to counter violent Islamism?
What department conducts public diplomacy programs?
Who was an official in the George W. Bush administration?
Who is Robert Gates?
What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with during the Cold War?
What language does the word "imperium" originate from?
What is an example of a policy of extending a country's power and influence through imperialism?
Along with the West, to what country has imperialism been applied?
What has imperialism allowed for the rapid spread of?
What is imperialism a policy of extending a country's power and?
What is defined as "physical control or full-fledged colonial rule?"
What is the term for the control that one group has on another group of people?
What is the difference between formal and informal imperialism?
What type of imperialism is generally less costly than taking over territories formally?
What type of imperialism is physical control or "full-fledged colonial rule"?
What is another term for imperialism?
What expands the controlled area?
What type of rule is generally less costly than taking over territories formally?
What is the amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded?
What caused the world to be divided by how developed and developing nation are portrayed?
Who suggested that imperialism was the highest form of capitalism?
What is it called when economic and cultural influences spread at least as much by sea?
Most books on imperialism confine themselves to what type of empires?
What is simply the development for settlement or commercial intentions?
What does colonialism lack that makes it not automatically imply imperialism?
What type of reasons is imperialism developed for?
What contiguous land empire is generally excluded from discussions of colonialism?
What has imperialism and colonialism been used to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon?
What dictates the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control?
What does colonialism refer to?
How does imperialism create an empire?
What is the core meaning of colonialism?
What can be inherited by the conquered indigenous populations?
What is a controversial aspect of imperialism?
What is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds?
Hobson identifies the races which can do this work best as the races of what?
What formed a supposedly rational justification for imperialism?
What is still prized today in Latin America?
Where was Friedrich Ratzel from?
Where was Halford Mackinder from?
What type of geographers supported imperialism?
Which societies were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries?
What was the Royal Geographical Society of London able to do for travelers?
What suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance?
Ellen Churchill Semple argued that human beings were only able to become fully human in what zone?
What did Edward Siad call the west's construction of the east as the "other"?
What type of people did environmental determinism suggest tropical environments created?
According to Siad, orientalism allowed Europe to establish itself as what?
What concept did British imperialism often use?
When was Australia colonized by the British?
The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of what empire?
Who were the inhabitants of Australia in the eighteenth century?
What does Terra nullius mean?
What does Orientalism refer to how the West developed of the East?
Early European studies of the Orient positioned the East as what?
How did the West view the East?
What was Edward Said's term for how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East?
What was the West's view of the East?
What did Bassett focus his analysis on?
What did imperial and colonial powers use the use of blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory?
What did Bassett use blank space to denote?
What did Bassett focus his analysis on?
Along with the British, what country's power did Bassett say maps helped legitimize?
During what era did the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire exist?
Who was a war-lord during the Mongol Empire?
How many historically recognized Muslim empires are there?
What is an example of an empire that predated the European colonial era?
Where is the Ethiopian Empire located?
What is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
What is it called when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
What soap opera changed the expectations of Romanians?
Local elites would be exposed to the benefits and luxuries of what culture?
What did authoritarian regimes use to combat the influence of foreign popular culture?
When did the Age of Imperialism begin?
What was the process of influencing, annexing, and influencing called during the Age of Imperialism?
How many years have imperialist practices existed?
The Age of Imperialism generally refers to the activities of European powers from the early 18th century through when?
What was the name of the policy in China during the Age of Imperialism?
When was John Gallagher born?
When did Ronald Robinson die?
Who were John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson?
What grew significantly because of the resources made available by imperialism?
Who became rich and prosperous because of the resources made available by imperialism?
What was Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism largely focused on?
When was the colonization of India?
Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on collecting resources from where?
The British exploited the political weakness of what state?
Along with advancements in military technology, what did Europe continue to advance in?
What did European chemists make that could be used in combat?
By the 1880s, what weapon had become an effective battlefield weapon?
What were the armies in less developed countries still fighting with?
Who made deadly explosives that could be used in combat?
In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on what experience?
When was the term "imperialism" first introduced into English?
What did some view imperialism as a policy of idealism and?
Lenin portrayed imperialism as a natural extension of capitalism that arose from need for capitalist economies to do what?
Along with capitalism and imperialism, what is a topic that has long been debated among historians and political theorists?
When did the rise of the military-political complex occur in the US?
When were non-Marxist writers at their most prolific?
Hobson argued that domestic social reforms could cure what disease of imperialism?
Hobson theorized that state intervention through what could boost broader consumption, create wealth, and encourage a peaceful, tolerant, multipolar world order?
What concept served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples?
What was believed to determine a certain person's behaviours?
What were people living in tropical environments seen as?
Where was the last wave of European colonialism?
What are the two forms of environmental determinism?
Who believed that Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being?
Where did scholars believe temperate climates produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being?
What did the people of tropical climates need from the European empire?
What is a view of a people based on their geographical location?
Who believed that the world could be split into climatic zones?
When can Britain's imperialist ambitions be seen?
When was the British East India Company established?
Who chartered the British East India Company?
What did political activity cause of the East India Company in 1767?
Along with the British, what other empire had trading posts in India?
When did France take control of Algeria?
When did France begin to rebuild its worldwide empire?
Along with French civilization and language, what religion did the new empire spread?
Where did France focus on rebuilding its empire after 1850?
When did Republicans become supportive of France's empire?
What did Jules Ferry say the higher races had a duty to do?
What was the term for full citizenship rights?
How many settlers did France send to its colonies?
What did France want to bring to the world?
What was the only notable exception to France sending small numbers of settlers to its colonies?
Where did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French fight in World War II?
What began to challenge the empire after 1945?
Where did France fight and lose a bitter war in the 1950s?
Where did France win the war?
Nearly all of France's colonies gained independence by what year?
Where were the Germanic tribes originally from?
By 1000 CE, who was left out of the Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe?
When did Germanic tribes expand throughout northern and western Europe?
When did the Holy Roman Empire form?
What area did "Germany" refer to?
When did Germany begin to participate in Western imperialism?
When was Otto von Bismarck born?
When did Prussia unite the other states into the second German Empire?
Whose defeat caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
Prussia and the German states preferred to manipulate what system through the Concert of Europe?
Along with Africa, where did Germany build a colonial empire in 1883-1884?
What was one of the reasons public opinion demanded German colonies?
When did the establishment of the German colonial empire begin?
Where did the German colonial empire begin?
Who were Bismarck's neighbors at Friedrichsruh?
What did Japan do as a result of the Russo-Japanese War?
When was the First Sino-Japanese War?
What country did Japan invade during the Second Sino-Japanese War?
What territory did Japan conquer from China in 1931?
The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of what country supported post-World War II communist movements?
When did the policy of "Indigenization" stop being implemented?
Who asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory?
Where did the Soviet Union install socialist regimes after World War II?
Who effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as the Tsarist Empire by 1921?
Trotsky believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of what?
Who famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism?
Who argued that the Soviet Union had become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade?
Who announced the continuation of the war on imperialism?
What did Joseph Stalin establish for the Soviet Union after Lenin's death?
What was the First British Empire based on?
When did Britain lose its American colonies?
By the 1840s, Britain had adopted a highly successful policy of what?
When did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies gain independence?
When did Britain defeat Napoleonic France?
What was the largest empire the world has ever seen?
What did Social Darwinism and theories of race form an ideological underpinning during this time?
What was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury?
Along with Asia, what region saw a resurgence in the late 19th century?
What is an example of a US policy against Imperialism?
What was Theodore Roosevelt's policy in Central America?
What happened in the Philippines one year after the Anti-Imperialist League was formed?
What country did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose the annexation of?
What did Smedley Butler call America's foreign policy?
Who was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914?
In what year was Isiah Bowman appointed to President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry?
Who came up with the idea for the inquiry?
What was the point of the inquiry?
What was Isiah Bowman known as?
What has been described as a form of imperialism or colonialism?
What is the internal form of imperialism called?
How many Africans were involved in the slave trade?
Edward Said described the United States as using aggressive means of attack towards whom?
When did the Ottoman Empire end?
Who was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries?
How many provinces did the Ottoman Empire have at the beginning of the 17th century?
The Ottoman Empire controlled much of Southeast Asia, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.
When was the Ottoman Empire at its most powerful?
What was the capital of the Ottoman empire?
Who did the Ottoman empire ally with in the early 20th century?
After what war did the Ottoman empire dissolve?
What new state emerged in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland?
What is the name of the mainline Protestant Methodist denomination?
What is the United Methodist Church?
When was the United Methodist Church founded?
Who founded the UMC?
What is the UMC's theological orientation?
What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement?
How many members does the United Methodist Church have around the world?
In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest what?
What percentage of the U.S population self-identify with the United Methodist Church?
When did the movement that would become The United Methodist Church begin?
Where did the movement that would become The United Methodist Church begin?
Why did other students mock the Methodists?
When did John and Charles Wesley go to America?
Where did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Who did John and Charles Wesley go to America to teach the gospel to?
What did Wesley's teaching emphasize?
What event separated the Methodists from the Anglican Church?
When was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
Who did Wesley appoint as superintendent to organize a separate Methodist Society?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
Where was the Baltimore Christmas Conference held?
What is the oldest Methodist church in the US?
What is the oldest Methodist church in the US?
When was St. George's United Methodist Church founded?
Where did St. George's United Methodist Church first meet?
When was the Methodist Episcopal Church founded?
Who were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
Where were Richard Allen and Absalom Jones licensed?
When were Richard Allen and Absalom Jones licensed by St. George's Church?
When did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
Why did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1830?
When did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
Why did the Methodist Episcopal Church split in 1844?
When was the United Methodist Church created?
Where did the Evangelical United Brethren Church and The Methodist Church join hands?
Who represented The Methodist Church at the founding of the United Methodist Church?
The United Methodist Church understands itself to be part of what?
What recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon?
What does the Chalcedonian Creed mean?
Why was John Wesley compelled to ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters?
Who assisted Wesley in ordaining his presbyters?
Who were John Wesley's lay preachers?
When was the United Methodist Church formed?
Who were the founders of the United Methodist Church?
Who led the team that systematized denominational doctrine?
Who led the team that systematized denominational doctrine?
What is the power that enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God?
What is the power that enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God?
What is another name for Prevenient Grace?
What is the power that enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God?
What is the grace offered by God to all people?
What is it called when we are received by God in spite of our sin?
What is another name for accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior?
What is another name for accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior?
What did John Wesley call the experience of being born again?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is the grace of God which sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection?
What is the goal of Sanctifying Grace?
Sanctifying Grace sustains believers in the journey toward what?
What stands at a unique crossroads between evangelical and sacramental?
What does the United Methodist Church believe in?
What is generally considered one of the more moderate and tolerant denominations with respect to race, gender, and ideology?
What book states that United Methodist theology is at once "catholic, evangelical, and reformed"?
When did the General Conference go on record in support of the work of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
What is the United Methodist Church's position on abortion?
What group was the United Methodist Church a founding member of?
What are the names of the two official bodies of the United Methodist Church that are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice's governing coalition?
The church emphasizes the need to be in supportive ministry with whom?
The church holds that they are equally bound to respect the sacredness of the life and well-being of whom?
What does TUMAS stand for?
In what year was there an attempt to withdraw the United Methodist Church membership in the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice?
Who is the president of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality?
What movement has the Methodist Church historically supported?
When did the General Board of Church and Society call on all United Methodists to abstain from alcohol for Lent?
What was the name of John Wesley's famous sermon?
What does the United Methodist Church use in the sacrament of Holy Communion?
What does the United Methodist Church condemn?
When did Jesus abolish the death penalty?
Where does the United Methodist Church believe Jesus explicitly repudiated the lex talionis?
Who calls for bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment?
What does the United Methodist Church prohibit the celebration of?
When was Rev. Jimmy Creech defrocked?
When was same-sex marriage legalized nationwide?
What governing committee has voted in favor of a proposal that calls for a localized option?
Many organizations, conferences, and congregations have recently called for broader acceptance of what community within the UMC?
Many conferences have taken a position by voting in favor of what?
When was Rose Mary Denman defrocked?
When were clergy credentials removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud?
Which conference has approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose?
The church states that as Christians they are aware that neither the way of inaction nor what is always righteous before God?
What type of war does the United Methodist Church oppose?
What does the United Methodist Church believe war is incompatible with?
What does the United Methodist Church reject war as?
What does the United Methodist Church endorse?
Who states that "Research shows it [pornography] is not an innocent activity?"
What does the United Methodist Church believe pornography is about?
What do people who are addicted to pornography have altered perceptions of?
The UMC supports federal funding for research on embryos created for what?
What does the UMC support research on?
What does the UMC support federal funding for?
What was John Wesley's revised version of The Book of Common Prayer called?
When did John Wesley provide a revised version of The Book of Common Prayer?
The Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America is a revised version of what?
Where is exorcism an occasional practice of The United Methodist Church?
Many of The United Methodist Church's liturgies are derived from what?
What does an exorcism service involve?
What may be named after a biblical figure?
Who founded the Salvation Army?
Who was the founder of Methodism?
What is the only organization which may speak officially for the church?
What is the only organization which may speak officially for the church?
Legislative changes are recorded in what?
What is the only organization which may speak officially for the church?
How often does the General Conference meet?
How many jurisdictions are there in the United States?
How many central conferences are there outside of the United States?
What is the main purpose of the jurisdictional and central conferences?
What are the chief administrators of the church?
What do bishops serve?
Who makes decisions in-between the four-year meetings?
What is the Mission Council usually made up of?
How many acres did the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction lease for the George W. Bush Presidential Library?
What was the purpose of the lease approved by the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction?
Where was the lease for the George W. Bush Presidential Library approved?
How many members make up the Judicial Council?
What is the highest court in the denomination?
How long is the term of the members of the Judicial Council?
How often does the Judicial Council meet?
Where does the Judicial Council meet?
What is the basic unit of organization within the UMC?
What is the term Annual Conference often used to refer to?
Clergy are members of what?
What is the guidebook for local churches and pastors?
How many members must a board of trustees have?
How many members can a board of trustees have?
What is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church?
What is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church?
How many colleges and universities are affiliated with the United Methodist Church?
How many schools and institutions does the United Methodist Church operate overseas?
What organization are most of the colleges and universities affiliated with the United Methodist Church a part of?
Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?
What do elders generally serve as in local congregations?
What are elders in full connection a member of?
What is each deacon in full connection a member of?
Who advises the bishop on clergy appointments?
How often is an appointment made?
When are no appointments officially fixed?
Who is given the authority to preach the Word of God, administer the sacraments of the church, and to provide care and counseling?
Where can Elders be appointed?
How long do Elders serve as provisional Elders prior to their ordination?
What may elders be assigned as?
How long do deacons serve as provisional deacons?
Who is called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church?
Who is called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop to servant leadership within the church?
What can a deacon be if they are appointed as the pastor in a local church?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
Who serves a two-three-year term in a full-time appointment after being commissioned?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is the official title of a Local Pastor?
What is the official title of a local pastor?
How many years is a local pastor required to attend an approved United Methodist seminary or course of study school?
What allows a local pastor to retire as a clergy?
Who become Professing Members through confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith?
How do Baptized Members become Professing Members?
How can someone become a professing member of the United Methodist Church?
What is a sacrament in the UMC?
In what classes do students learn about Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition in order to profess their ultimate faith in Christ?
What book of the United Methodist Church directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes to all people, including adults?
What do students learn about in confirmation and membership preparation classes?
What are local church lay servants and certified lay servants?
What are the requirements to be recognized as a local church lay servant?
How often must certified lay servants report and reapply?
How often must certified lay servants complete advanced courses?
What is one tradition within the Christian Church?
What did the United Methodist Church vote to seek in the National Association of Evangelicals?
What do some feel that false ecumenism might result in?
When did the Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union form?
When did the United Methodist Church enter full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
When did the United Methodist Church begin exploring a possible merger?
How many members were in the UMC when it was formed?
How many congregations did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many members were in the UMC in 2005?
How many congregations did the UMC have in 2005?
What state has the largest number of UMC members?
By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, what was the estimated total UMC membership?
How many members were in the U.S. at the opening of the 2008 General Conference?
By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, how many UMC members were estimated to be overseas?
What group does the UMC belong to?
What is the name of the interdenominational group composed of various churches in the tradition of John Wesley?
When was the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification adopted?
When was the French and Indian War?
Who fought in the French and Indian War?
What was the population of the French North American colonies at the start of the war?
What was the population of the British North American colonies at the start of the war?
Where was the war fought?
What started the war between New France and the British colonies?
When did the dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers erupt into violence?
When did the British capture Fort Beausejour?
What happened to General Edward Braddock?
Why did British operations in 1755, 1756, and 1757 fail?
What did the British capture in 1755?
What did the British order after they captured Fort Beausejour?
Who came to power after the British government fell?
Was France willing to risk large convoys to aid the British in New France?
Where did France concentrate its forces?
Where were the British defeated?
What did France cede to Great Britain?
What territory did France cede to Great Britain?
What happened to France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean?
When was King George's War?
What does the name French and Indian War obscure?
What was the Seven Years' War?
What are two less commonly used names for the war?
When did the Seven Years' War end?
How long did the fighting in North America last?
When was Montreal captured?
What battle took place in 1754?
What was the population of the French?
Where was the French population concentrated?
What did French fur traders and trappers do?
How much did the British outnumber the French?
Where did the 1.5 million British settlers range along the eastern coast of the continent?
Where were the population centers of the British colonies?
Who dominated large areas between the French and the British?
Who were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War?
Where did the Iroquois Confederation dominate?
What was the rule of the Iroquois?
What tribes dominated the Southeast interior?
Where were the Huron, Mississauga, Ojibwa, Winnebago, and Potawatomi tribes located?
Who supported the British in the Anglo-Cherokee War?
How many French troops were in North America at the start of the war?
How many British troops were stationed in North America at the start of the war?
What did most British colonies do to deal with native threats?
How many miles did Céloron's expedition cover?
What was the size of Céloron's expedition force?
What did Céloron do when he encountered British merchants or fur-traders?
What did the Native Americans tell Céloron when he arrived at Logstown?
Where was the home of "Old Briton" located?
What did Céloron do to Old Briton?
How did Old Briton respond to Céloron's threats?
What did Céloron say about the Natives of the Ohio Country?
What did each side of the Ohio Country report to London and Paris?
What did William Shirley say about the British colonists?
When did the British government give land to the Ohio Company of Virginia?
Who did the British government give land to in 1749?
Who opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown?
What was the name of the treaty that was signed in 1752?
Where did the Indians agree to build a "strong house"?
What is the North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession known as?
When did the War of the Austrian Succession end?
What issues were turned over to a commission to resolve?
What territories were claimed by both sides?
Who was the Governor-General of New France in 1752?
How many men did Langlade command?
What was Langlade's objective?
How many people were killed in the attack on Pickawillany?
Who was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians?
Where was Marin's first fort located?
Where did Marin construct a second fort?
What were Paul Marin de la Malgue's orders?
Who was the chief of the Mingo?
What was the title of William Johnson?
What was William Johnson known as by the Iroquois?
What was William Johnson made in 1746?
Who insisted that the British abide by their obligations and block French expansion?
What company did Governor Robert Dinwiddie invest in?
Who warned the French to leave Virginia territory?
Who did Washington pick up along the way?
On what date did Washington reach Fort Le Boeuf?
Who succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces?
What letter did Washington present to Saint-Pierre?
What did Saint-Pierre say about Dinwiddie's letter?
What did Saint-Pierre tell Washington about France's claim to the Ohio Country?
When did Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrecur lead 500 men south from Fort Venango?
When did William Trent begin construction of a small stockaded fort?
What was the name of Fort Duquesne?
What was the name of the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
What happened to the Canadians during the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
Why did Tanaghrisson kill the Canadians?
What did the Duke of Newcastle send an army expedition to do?
How did word of the British military's plans get to France?
What did King Louis XV do?
When did the British send out their fleet?
What was an early important political response to the opening of hostilities?
What was the goal of the Albany Congress?
What happened to the plan that the delegates agreed to?
The format of the congress became the prototype for what?
How many army troops did Braddock lead?
What happened to the expedition to take Fort Duquesne?
How many British soldiers were killed in the attack on Fort Duquesne?
Who played key roles in organizing the retreat?
Who did the French acquire a copy of the British war plans from?
Why was Shirley unable to fortify Oswego?
What was Shirley's response to the French attack on Fort Oswego?
What did Shirley leave at Oswego, Fort Bull, and Fort Williams?
Who noticed that Johnson's expedition was better organized than Shirley's?
What did Vaudreuil do when he saw Johnson as a larger threat?
How did the Battle of Lake George end?
The Battle of Lake George took place between Fort Edward and what other fort?
Where did the French withdraw to after the Battle of Lake George?
Who captured Fort Beausejour?
What did Governor Lawrence order to cut vital supplies to Louisbourg?
Where were the only clashes of any size?
Who assumed command of British forces in North America after Braddock's death?
Where did William Shirley hold a meeting in 1755?
What did William Shirley plan to do in North America?
How did William Shirley plan to attack Quebec?
Who was Lord Loudoun's second in command?
Who led the French regular army reinforcements that arrived in New France in May 1756?
When did England declare war on France?
At what fort did Governor Vaudreuil order an attack?
What battle took place in March of 1756?
How much gunpowder did the French destroy at Fort Bull?
What did the Battle of Fort Bull set back for the British?
Who refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them?
Where did Montcalm move his headquarters to?
Montcalm moved his headquarters to Ticonderoga after Vaudreuil harassed which garrison?
What did Montcalm and the Indians under his command disagree about?
What was Loudoun's plan for 1757?
Why did Loudoun leave a large force at Fort William Henry?
Who ordered Loudoun to attack Louisbourg first?
Why did Loudoun return to New York?
Who harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757?
Where did the French irregular forces launch a daring raid against the position?
What did some of Montcalm's Indian allies do?
Why were Vaudreuil and Montcalm minimally resupplied in 1758?
What exacerbated the situation in New France in 1757?
What did Montcalm focus his resources on?
What led to the fall from power of Newcastle?
Who developed the plan for the 1758 campaign?
What did Pitt's plan call for?
Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg fell to British forces.
How many Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie's army at the Battle of Carillon?
How large was Abercrombie's force at the Battle of Carillon?
How did Abercrombie save Fort Frontenac?
What happened to Abercrombie after the Battle of Carillon?
What did France's new foreign minister decide to focus on?
Did the invasion of Britain succeed or fail?
Where did the French Navy fail in the 1759 naval battles?
Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?
What did the victory at Fort Niagara accomplish?
What battle did the British lose outside Quebec City?
In what battle were the British able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships?
Who negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst?
What did General Amherst grant to French residents who chose to remain in the colony?
Who did Vaudreuil negotiate a capitulation with?
When did the war in North America end?
What was the name of the treaty that ended the Seven Years' War in Europe?
What did the British offer France the choice of surrendering?
Why did France choose to retain Saint Pierre and Miquelon?
How many people lived in French Canada and Acadia when Britain gained control?
When did the deportation of Acadians begin?
Where did the British resettle many Acadians?
Where did some Acadians go after the Haitian Revolution?
Who issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
What was the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
Where was the reservation of lands located?
Where did most of the Spanish Catholic population go?
Why was the Ohio Country vulnerable to legal and illegal settlement?
When was the Spanish takeover of Louisiana territory completed?
What two tribes were historical enemies of the British?
What did the elimination of French power in North America mean for many native populations?
What concept did philosophers in antiquity use in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines?
What was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion?
Who formulated laws of motion that were not improved-on for nearly three hundred years?
How long did it take for Newton's laws of motion to be improved upon?
Who developed a theory of relativity that correctly predicted the action of forces on objects with increasing momenta near the speed of light?
What describes forces between particles smaller than atoms?
What are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed?
What is the strongest interaction?
Along with strong, electromagnetic, weak and electromagnetic, what is the fourth main interaction known?
High energy particle physics observations made during the 1970s and 1980s confirmed that the weak and electromagnetic forces are expressions of what?
Who provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force?
Aristotle's philosophical discussion of the concept of a force is an integral part of what?
How many elements did Aristotle believe the terrestrial sphere contained?
Where did Aristotle believe that motionless objects on Earth were in their natural place?
What type of motion did Aristotle believe required continued application of a force?
When did Galileo Galilei's work begin to correct the shortcomings of Aristotelian physics?
Who was influenced by the idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus?
What was Galileo Galilei influenced by the idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of?
Who constructed an experiment in which stones and cannonballs were both rolled down an incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion?
What force did Galileo Galilei use to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia?
What did Galileo think constant velocity was associated with?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia?
What law states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force?
What are the laws of physics in every inertial frame of reference?
What does traveling in a moving vehicle at a constant velocity not change from being at rest?
What type of path does a ball follow in the same direction as the vehicle's motion?
When traveling in a moving vehicle at constant velocity, the laws of physics do not change from being what?
What applies equally well to constant velocity motion as it does to rest?
What concept can be generalized to explain the tendency of objects to continue in many different forms of constant motion?
What is what fixes the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year?
Who explained that reference frames subject to constant acceleration were physically equivalent to inertial reference frames?
What do astronauts experience when in free-fall orbit around the Earth?
What was one of the foundations for the development of the general theory of relativity?
What asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass?
Accelerations can be defined through what type of measurements?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
Newton's second law can be taken as a quantitative definition of mass by writing the law as an equality; the relative units of force and mass are then what?
What is the result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects?
What is the result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects?
What type of force is there no such thing as?
What are F and F equal in?
The action-reaction force shared between any two objects in a closed system will not cause what part of the system to accelerate?
In what type of system of particles are there no internal forces that are unbalanced?
The action-reaction force shared between any two objects in a closed system will not cause the center of what to accelerate?
Forces are perceived as pushes or pulls, which provides what for describing forces?
What is the intuitive understanding of forces compared to?
Laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by what?
How is it determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics?
Forces that act in a particular direction and have sizes dependent upon how strong the push or pull are classified as what?
What are physical quantities that do not have direction called?
What avoids problems like this?
If the magnitude and direction of both forces aren't known, what is the situation?
What avoids problems like this?
In what condition were forces first quantitatively investigated?
What properties do forces have that make them additive vector quantities?
What is another name for the resultant force?
What must be specified if the forces are acting on an extended body?
What is the rule of vector addition?
Forces can be resolved into what at right angles to each other?
How many forces can a horizontal force pointing northeast be split into?
Summing these component forces yields what?
What type of components are independent of each other because forces acting at ninety degrees to each other have no effect on the magnitude or direction of the other?
What can orthogonal force vectors be?
What opposes the applied force when pushing against an object on a frictional surface?
What opposes the applied force when pushing against an object on a frictional surface?
What force is opposed by static friction?
What is opposed by static friction?
What is the most usual way of measuring forces?
What force equals the object's weight?
What force is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
What force is proportional to volume for objects of constant density?
Who expounded the Three Laws of Motion?
Who first described dynamic equilibrium?
What did Galileo conclude that motion in a constant velocity was completely equivalent to?
Who first described dynamic equilibrium?
Where would a falling cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
Where would a falling cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
What occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction?
What opposes the applied force?
A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with what?
Who misinterpreted the motion as being caused by the applied force?
What equation describes physics in quantum mechanics instead of Newtonian equations?
What type of equations are no longer used in quantum mechanics?
The potentials V(x,y,z) or fields are treated similar to what?
The Schrödinger equation has the consequence that the results of a measurement are sometimes what?
What notion keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics?
What is the discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called?
What principle relates the space and spin variables?
What is the discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called?
For what type of spins must the position variables be symmetric?
What type of spins are electrons?
What are forces and the acceleration of particles explained as in modern particle physics?
What is a redundant concept arising from conservation of momentum?
Quantum field theory and general relativity realized that force is a redundant concept arising from what?
What diagram represents any force arising from an interaction as occurring at the vertex with an associated instantaneous change in the direction of the particle world lines?
In a Feynman diagram, each matter particle is represented as what kind of line?
How many fundamental interactions are all of the forces in the universe based on?
What forces are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles?
What force acts between electric charges?
The gravitational force acts between what?
What principle does not permit atoms to pass through each other?
Who unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics?
In what century did quantum mechanics lead to a modern understanding that the first three fundamental forces are manifestations of matter?
The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of what?
What are physicists still attempting to develop?
Who identified gravity as a universal force?
Who was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects?
What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth?
Where is the measurement of acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth taken?
What is directly proportional to an object's mass?
Newton realized that the effects of gravity might be observed in different ways at what distances?
Newton determined that the acceleration of what around the Earth could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law?
Newton realized that the acceleration due to gravity is proportional to what of the attracting body?
Newton's formula relates the mass and what to the gravitational acceleration?
What is the name of the dimensional constant used to describe the relative strength of gravity?
Who was able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
When was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
Who realized that his law of gravity had to be universal?
Newton's Law of Gravitation could not explain the orbit of what planet?
What planet did some astrophysicists predict would explain the discrepancies?
What did Albert Einstein formulate that could account for the discrepancy in the orbit of Mercury?
Who formulated the theory of general relativity?
Who formulated the theory of general relativity?
What is the theory that best explains gravity?
What is the straight line path in space-time seen as a curved line in space?
What is the time derivative of the changing momentum of an object called?
In what sense can the curvature of space-time be observed?
Lorentz's Law combines the definition of what with the time rate of change of electric charge?
The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of what force that acts on a charge?
What describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field?
What force is due to the electric field?
Who discovered that electric and magnetic fields could be "self-generating"?
When was the origin of electric and magnetic fields fully explained?
How many scalar equations did Maxwell create?
How many vector equations were created by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs?
Who discovered that electric and magnetic fields could be "self-generating"?
What theory did quantum mechanics modify?
What did leading theoretical physicists use to develop a new theory of electromagnetism?
What describes all electromagnetic phenomena as being mediated by wave-particles known as photons?
What is the fundamental exchange particle in QED?
What describes all electromagnetic phenomena as being mediated by wave-particles known as photons?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What principle results in the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
What does it take to pack electrons together?
How is the Pauli exclusion principle manifested macroscopically?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What principle results in the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
What does it take to pack electrons together?
How is the Pauli exclusion principle manifested macroscopically?
What does the strong force only act upon?
What is observed between hadrons?
What force is observed between hadrons?
How is the nuclear force transmitted?
The failure of many searches for free quarks has shown that the elementary particles affected are not directly observable.
What force is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons?
What is the most familiar effect of the weak force?
What is the most familiar effect of the weak force?
How many times less strong than the strong force is the field strength of the weak force?
At what temperature are electromagnetic forces and the weak force indistinguishable?
What is the force that responds whenever an external force pushes on a solid object?
What happens when electron clouds overlap?
What is Pauli repulsion due to?
What force is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors?
Tension forces can be modeled using what?
What allows ideal strings to switch physical direction?
Ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously in what?
What do tandem effects result in?
What is used to connect the same string multiple times to the same object?
Newton's laws were first developed to describe how forces affect what?
Newton's laws were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than what?
Matter in real life has what kind of structure?
What might forces that act on one part of an object affect?
Matter in real life has what?
What accounts for forces that cause all strains?
What are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
In the same way that angle is the rotation equivalent of force, what is torque?
Rotational inertia ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by what?
What can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body?
Where is the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object always directed?
How do unbalanced centripetal forces act to the velocity vector associated with the motion of an object?
What type of force changes its direction?
In what direction is the unit vector pointing outwards from the center?
What accelerates the object by slowing it down or speeding it up?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system has associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between what forms?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system has an associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between kinetic and what other form?
What is conserved whenever a conservative force acts on a closed system?
The force is related directly to what between two different locations in space?
What is the force related to the difference in potential energy between two different locations in space considered to be?
What is impossible to model due to gradient of potentials?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to what?
What is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms?
Tension, compression, and drag are examples of what type of force?
The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with what?
What act to change the internal energies of a system?
What act to change the internal energies of a system?
Which law of thermodynamics states that nonconservative forces result in energy transformations within closed systems?
What act to change the internal energies of a system?
What is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass?
What is another name for the kilogram-force?
What is the unit of mass that accelerates at 1 ms2 when subjected to a force of 1 kgf?
What arcane force is equivalent to 1000 lbf?
What arcane force is equivalent to 1000 N?