Who did the Virgin Mary appear to in the grotto at Lourdes? What is located in front of the Main Building? What building is located at the top of the building? What is the Grotto? What is on the top of the Main Building's gold dome? When was the Scholastic magazine first published? How many times a month is Scholastic published? What is the name of the daily newspaper published by Notre Dame? How many newspapers are published at Washington University? When was Common Sense published? Where is the Congregation of Holy Cross headquarters located? What is the name of BYU's main seminary? What is the oldest building at Washington University? Who lives in Fatima House? What prize did Buechner create for writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary? How many B.S. degrees are offered at Washington University? When was the College of Engineering established? Civil and mechanical engineering is a part of what college? How many departments of study are at Washington University? When were early courses in civil and mechanical engineering a part of the College of Science? What is the name of the center that provides time management, collaborative learning, and subject tutoring? How many undergraduate colleges are there at Notre Dame? What program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at Washington University before they have declared a major? Who has previously recognized the National Endangered Species Program as outstanding? When did formal requirements for graduate degrees change? What does M.Div. stand for? What university offers a Master of Education program? When was a Master of Arts degree first offered at Washington University? What department does not offer a PhD program? What institute is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace? Who was the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC? When was McDonald's founded? Who was the owner of McDonald's? What company did Ray Kroc own? How many stories is the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library? What is the third building to house the main collection of books? When was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library completed? Who designed the Word of Life mural at Washington University? What is the mural near Notre Dame Stadium known as? How many students were admitted to Notre Dame in fall 2015? What percentage of students were admitted to Notre Dame in 2015? What does the academic profile of the enrolled class continue to rate among for national research universities? What percentage of the population was admitted as a result of the early action plan? How far did the average student travel to Notre Dame? Where did Notre Dame rank among "national universities" in 2015-2016 in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016? Where did Notre Dame rank among "national universities" in the U.S. in 2015-2016? How does BusinessWeek rank Mendoza College of Business? Who ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities in 2014? What percentage of students choose to study abroad? Who was the Director of the Science Museum and the Library until 1874? When was Father John Augustine Zahm at Washington University? What department was Father John Augustine Zahm a Co-Director of? What book did Athanasius write in 1896? What was Father Joseph Carrier's job title? When did Albert Zahm build an early wind tunnel? Who was the first American to send a wireless message? When did Professor Jerome Green send a wireless message? Who performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene? What did Albert Zahm build in 1882? What grew out of pioneering research in germ-free-life? When did Lobund achieve independent status as a purely research organization? When was Lobund raised to the status of an Institute? In what year was Gnotobiotics brought back to the Department of Biology? When did pioneering research in germ-free-life begin? What journal was founded in 1939 by Gurian? What was The Review of Politics modeled after? How many years was The Review edited? What journal was founded in 1939 by Gurian? Who was the president of Notre Dame? What university did John Jenkins say he wanted to be one of the "pre-eminent research institutions in the world"? What is the Kroc Institute for? In what year was the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index created? What is the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index based on? How many undergraduates attended Notre Dame in 2014? What percentage of students are children of alumni? How many teams participate in the Bookstore Basketball tournament each year? What does the Bengal Bouts tournament raise money for? How many students attended Notre Dame in 2014? What percentage of undergraduates live at Washington University? How many graduate housing complexes are on campus? How many male dorms are there at Washington University? What percentage of graduate students live at Washington University? How many female dorms are at Washington University? What is the Latin name for the Congregation of Holy Cross? What percentage of students identify as Christian? How many times per week is Catholic Mass celebrated on Washington University? How many chapels are located on Washington University? What percentage of students identify as Catholic? What was the name of the theater that hosted plays and musical acts put on by Washington University? What year was the library destroyed by a fire? Who was the president of Washington University at the time? When did construction begin on the new building? What is the current name of the Science Hall at Washington University? What was Notre Dame's traditional emphasis? What college was added to Notre Dame in 1921? Who became president of Notre Dame in 1919? How long did it take for Father James Burns to produce an academic revolution at Notre Dame? What school did BYU's graduating students go to for the reason that they weren't allowed to attend? Who became the head coach of the Everton Football Club in 1918? How many wins did the Irish have under Rockne? In what year did the Irish win the Rose Bowl? How many years did the Irish win three national championships? How many national championships did the Irish win in his 13 years? Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army are examples of schools that symbolize what in America? What group clashed with Notre Dame students in 1924? Who was the college president that prevented further clashes? What did the Klan decide to have in South Bend? Where was the Klan's week-long Klavern held? Who was elected vice-president of Notre Dame in 1933? Who was elected vice-president of Notre Dame in 1933? What medal was established in 1883? When was the Laetare Medal established? Along with his Blessed Mother, who played for the honor and glory of Notre Dame football? How much did undergraduate enrollment increase at Notre Dame? What institute did Cavanaugh establish? What was the former name of O'Shaughnessy Hall? Who was president from 1946 to 1952? Along with the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies, what Notre Dame institution was founded by Cavanaugh? When was the Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C. president? How much did the annual operating budget increase by? How much was the endowment at Washington University? During what years did the Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C. serve as president? How many faculty were there at Washington University? What type of institution did Hesburgh make Notre Dame? What position did Charles E. Sheedy hold at Notre Dame? Who is Thomas Blantz, C.S.C.? When did Mary Ann Proctor become the first female undergraduate? What college did Notre Dame partner with in the mid-1960s? When was Edward Malloy, C.S.C. president? What is the average SAT score at Washington University? How much was the endowment at Washington University? What was the amount of research funding at Washington University? How many professors did Eisenhower increase the faculty of Washington University by? When did John I. Jenkins become president of Notre Dame? What is the rank of president of Notre Dame? Who did Jenkins take over from on July 1, 2005? What is the name of a new architecture hall at Notre Dame? How much did the Campus Crossroads cost? Who runs the Old College building? What is located on the spot of Fr. Paul VI? What style of architecture is the Cathedral of Saint Denis built in? Who painted the interior of the cathedral? When was the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes built? Who was the architect of the Science Hall that was built in 1883? When was the LaFortune Center converted to a student union building? Who is the LaFortune Center named after? How many square feet is the LaFortune building? What is LaFortune's annual budget? How many residence halls have been built to accommodate students? What is the most prominent library built in 1963? How many books are in the Theodore Hesburgh Library? What is the name of the new men's residence at Washington University? What is the name of the baseball stadium? When was the Office of Sustainability created? How much of Notre Dame's food issourced locally? What organization is responsible for the creation of a nonprofit organization that is based in Washington, D.C.? What is the name of the institute that is housed at Washington University? When did BYU first have a presence in London? Where is the London Center located? What is located in Beijing, Chicago, Dublin, Jerusalem and Rome? In what year was the London center of the University of London founded? What was the name of Washington University's first college? When was the College of Arts and Letters established? When were the first degrees given at Washington University? What university was the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum modeled after? How many majors are offered at Washington University? Who was the president of Washington University in 1865? When was the College of Science established? How long were Dillon's scientific courses? Where is Washington University's new building located? How many undergraduates attend BYU? What school was established in 1899? Where is BYU's architecture program housed? How long is the undergraduate program at Washington University? Where do all undergraduate students study the third year of the BYU program? What is the name of the award given by the Driehaus Museum of Architecture? In what year was a theology library opened? Where is the Stanford Library located? How many volumes does the university library system hold? How large is Hyderabad's library system? What forced many Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe in the 1930s? Where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come from? What was Anton-Hermann Chroust's career? Who wrote Gurian's doctoral dissertation? What was Ivan Metrovi's profession? What is the name of the University of Notre Dame? What type of university is NOH-tr-DAYM? What does Notre Dame du Lac mean in French? What is the patron saint of Notre Dame du Lac? How many acres does BYU's main campus cover? What was Notre Dame famous for in the early 1900s? Who was the legendary coach of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team? What division do the Fighting Irish belong to? How many Heisman Trophy winners has the Washington University football team accumulated? How many members are in the Pro Football Hall of Fame? Where is Notre Dame consistently ranked in the United States? How many years does it take for Notre Dame to be a research university? What is the name of the internationally renowned award given by the Driehaus School of Architecture? How many master's, doctoral and professional degree programs are offered by Notre Dame's graduate program? Along with the Hesburgh Library, what museum is located in Southampton? When did the Bishop of Vincennes offer land to Father Edward Sorin? Who was the Bishop of Vincennes in 1842? What group did Father Edward Sorin belong to? When did Sorin arrive on the site of the Holy Cross? What did Sorin use to start the school? When were the first degrees from Washington University awarded? In what year was the "Main Building" built? Who started a library collection in 1873? By what year had the library grown to ten thousand volumes? When did Father Lemonnier start a library collection? What was the name of the television station that grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel in 2006? How many shows did NDtv have in 2002? What station serves the student body and larger South Bend community? What radio station began as a partner of WSND-FM? How much is Eddy Street Commons? When did the first phase of Eddy Street Commons begin? What is the name of the developer that is out of Indianapolis? Who built the public parking garage in South Bend? Who was hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage? What does NCAA stand for? What league did the Fighting Irish compete in from 1982-83 to 1985-86? Where do both fencing and ice hockey teams compete? Where does the men's ice hockey team compete? What conference did the Fighting Irish compete in from 1987-88 to 1994-95? Where did the Irish leave the Big East for? How many games does the Irish commit to play per season against ACC opponents? What was Northwestern's former hockey home? What are the official colors of Notre Dame? What is the mascot of Notre Dame's athletic teams? What company provided uniforms, apparel, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame? How much is the contract with the University of Kansas worth? When did the University of Kansas band begin? What is the claim of the Washington University Band? What is the most played and most famous fight song? What team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887? When did the Michigan Wolverines bring football to Notre Dame? What university has the most Heisman Trophies won? What team does Notre Dame play against for the Jeweled Shillelagh? How many members does Northwestern have in the College Football Hall of Fame? Who was the school's legendary football player during 1916-20? What team did Notre Dame beat in 1928? Who starred in the 1940 film Knute Rockne, All American? Who was the school's legendary football player in 1916-20? How many seats are in Notre Dame Stadium? What is the traditional item that Zahm House decorates its halls with? What is the name of the traditional activity that begins at midnight? Where will the band entire play a concert? What will the trumpet section play under the dome? On what day does the Band of the Fighting Irish play? How many wins has the men's basketball team had? How many schools have reached 1,600 wins? How many NCAA tournaments have the BYU men's basketball team appeared in? Who holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the tournament? Who is the head of the Notre Dame football team? Who was the brother of Michael Shea? When did Michael J. Shea graduate? Who wrote the music for The Sun? When did the song first appear under the copyright of the University of Notre Dame? What did Elizabeth say to her sons while they marched? What was Ronald Reagan's nickname? What movie parodied the scene with the same background music? Who played Daniel "Rudy" Ruettiger in the movie Rudy? Who was honored in the background music for the second time? What film is 'Win one for the Gipper' starring Pat O'Brien? Who is a former US Secretary of State? Who is a notable alumnus of the College of Science? Who is the current president of Notre Dame? What medal did Mariel Zagunis win? What astronaut graduated from BYU? When did Madonna rise to fame as the lead singer of Destiny's Child? What competitions did Madonna perform as a child? When was Beyoncé's debut album released? Where was Madonna born and raised? When did Madonna rise to fame as the lead singer of Destiny's Child? What R&B group did Madonna sing for in the 1990s? What was Beyoncé's debut album called? Who was Queen's father? Where was Madonna born and raised? What was Beyoncé's debut album called? When was Beyoncé born? Who is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress? When did Madonna rise to fame as the lead singer of Destiny's Child? What was Madonna's role in Destiny's Child? What was Beyoncé's debut album called? When was Beyoncé's debut album released? How many Grammy Awards did Beyoncé's debut album earn? What was Madonna's role in Destiny's Child? What was Beyoncé's debut album called? When was Beyoncé's debut album released? What was Beyoncé's starring role in Dreamgirls? Which rapper did Madonna marry? How many Grammy Awards did Madonna win in 2010? What was Beyoncé's 2006 Golden Globe-nominated performance? In what year did I Am... Sasha Fierce earn six Grammy Awards? Who starred in Dreamgirls? What label did Madonna play Etta James on? When was Destiny's Child disbanded? What was Madonna's second solo album? What was Beyoncé's 2006 Golden Globe-nominated performance? Which rapper did Madonna marry? What was Sasha Fierce's alter-ego? What are the themes of Beyoncé's songs? In 2013 and 2014, Time listed Madonna as one of the 100 most what type of people in the world? What magazine listed Madonna as the most powerful female musician in 2015? During what decade was Madonna recognized as the Top Certified Artist in America? What magazine listed Madonna as the most powerful female musician in 2015? What is Beyoncé's self-described title? When was Madonna listed as one of the 100 most influential people in the world? How many records has Madonna sold as a solo artist? How many records did Madonna sell with Destiny's Child? How many records has Madonna sold as a solo artist? How many Grammy Awards has Madonna won? What magazine listed Madonna as the most powerful female musician in 2015? What is the name of Beyoncé's sister's band? What is Beyoncé's name a tribute to? What is Mathew's nationality? What type of household was Victoria raised in? What company did Mathew Knowles work for? What was Tina Knowles' occupation? Who is Beyoncé's younger sister? Who is Beyoncé's mother a descendant of? What company did Mathew Knowles work for? What type of business did Tina Knowles own? Who is Beyoncé's younger sister? Who is Beyoncé's mother a descendant of? What type of household was Victoria raised in? Where is St. Mary's Elementary School located? Who discovered Madonna's singing talent? Where is Parker Elementary School located? Who discovered Madonna's singing talent? Where was Beyoncé a member of the choir for two years? What is Parker Elementary School? What John Lennon song did Beyoncé sing to beat 15/16-year-olds? Where is St. Mary's Elementary School located? Who discovered Madonna's singing talent? At what age did Beyoncé win a school talent show? Where was Beyoncé a member of the choir for two years? Who was the R&B producer that brought the Queen to California? Who resigned from his job to manage the group? What record label did Madonna sign to? Who was the R&B producer that brought the Queen to California? When did Beyoncé's father resign? What company did Madonna sign a contract with in 1996? What record label did Madonna sign to? At what age did LaTavia Roberson meet Beyoncé? How old was Beyoncé when she met LaTavia Roberson? What was the name of the group that Madonna was placed into with three other girls? Who was the R&B producer that brought the Queen to California? When did Beyoncé's father resign? Who signed Queen in 1995? Destiny's Child's song Killing Time was featured on the soundtrack to what film? What was Queen's most successful song at the time? Who was the original member of Boyz II Men? When did the group change their name to Destiny's Child? Destiny's Child's name was based on a passage from what book? Destiny's Child's song Killing Time was featured on the soundtrack to what film? What was Queen's most successful song at the time? Who was the original member of Boyz II Men? Destiny's Child's name was based on a passage from what book? Which film featured Destiny's Child's Killing Time? What was Queen's first major hit? When did Queen release their second album? Who was the original member of Boyz II Men? What did Beyoncé experience after she split from Luckett and Roberson? What happened to Madonna's long-standing boyfriend? Who did Beyoncé say helped her fight breast cancer? What caused Beyoncé to experience depression? How long did Victoria's depression last? Who did Beyoncé say helped her fight breast cancer? Who replaced LeToya Luckett and Roberson? Who experienced depression after splitting from Luckett and Roberson? Who did Beyoncé say helped her fight breast cancer? Who replaced LeToya Luckett? What was the name of the song that the rest of the band recorded? How many consecutive weeks did Queen's single Top the Billboard Hot 100? Who made the film Carmen: A Hip Hopera? How many copies were sold in the first week? Who wrote the opera Carmen? What was the name of Luckett and Roberson's third album? What film featured Independent Women Part I? What MTV film starred Beyoncé and Mekhi Phifer? What was the name of Luckett and Roberson's third album? Who filed a lawsuit against Survivor? When was the album 8 Days of Christmas released? Who played Foxxy Cleopatra in 'Goldmember'? Where did the single "Work It Out" enter the top ten? What was the name of the comedy in which Beyoncé starred opposite Cuba Gooding, Jr.? Along with MC Lyte and Free, who was the lead singer of 'Fighting Temptation'? What was the name of Beyoncé's soundtrack? What was the name of the comedy film that Beyoncé played Foxxy Cleopatra alongside Mike Myers? How much did the film Goldmember grossed? What type of movie was "The Fighting Temptations"? What was the name of the film that Gooding played Lilly in? What kind of reviews did the film receive from critics? What was the name of the comedy film that Beyoncé played Foxxy Cleopatra alongside Mike Myers? Who did Beyoncé play in 'Goldmember'? What was the title of Beyoncé's soundtrack album? What was the name of the comedy in which Beyoncé starred opposite Cuba Gooding, Jr.? What was the name of the film that Gooding played Lilly in? Where did Beyoncé's first solo album rank on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart? What was the name of Madonna's first solo album? How many copies has Queen sold worldwide? What was Beyoncé's first number one single as a solo artist in the US? What number did Beyoncé's first solo recording reach on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart? Who released Beyoncé's first solo recording? What was the name of Madonna's first solo album? Where did Beyoncé's first solo album rank on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart? Who starred in the song "The Closer I Get to You"? Who released Beyoncé's first solo recording? When was Dangerously in Love released? What was Beyoncé's first number one single as a solo artist in the US? Who starred in the song "The Closer I Get to You"? At the 46th Annual Grammy Awards, how many awards did the single "Naughty Girl" win? What was Destiny's Child's final album called? When did Queen accept a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame? When did Madonna embark on the Dangerously in Love Tour? What was Destiny's Child's final album called? Where was the last stop of Destiny's Child's European tour? When did Queen accept a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame? What tour did Madonna embark on in 2003? Who did Madonna tour with on the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America? At what Super Bowl did Beyoncé perform the American national anthem? What was the name of the Destiny's Child concert tour? How many copies did the album sell in its first week? What was the title of Queen's lead single? How many times did Queen's "Déjà Vu" reach the top of the Billboard Hot 100? How many times did Queen's "Déjà Vu" reach the top of the Billboard Hot 100? What was Beyoncé's birthday on September 5, 2006? Who starred in the single "Déjà Vu"? Where did Queen's "Déjà Vu" reach on the Billboard Hot 100? What was the name of Beyoncé's second solo album? How many copies did the album sell in its first week? Who starred in the single "Déjà Vu"? What was the name of B'Day's third single? What was Madonna's first acting role in 2006? What was the name of Madonna's second film? What was the name of Madonna's second film? In what year did the Beyoncé Experience begin? How much did the Beyoncé Experience grossed? How much did The Pink Panther earn? What was the name of Beyoncé's first worldwide concert tour? Who sang the song "Beautiful Liar"? What was Madonna's first acting role in 2006? Which pop singer did Beyoncé play in 'Listen'? What was the title of the lead single from the soundtrack album? What was the name of Beyoncé's first worldwide concert tour? Who sang the song "Beautiful Liar"? Who did Beyoncé marry on April 4, 2008? When was Sasha Fierce released? During what decade did Beyoncé achieve more top-ten singles than any other woman? Who sang the song "You Belong with Me"? How much did the I Am... World Tour earn? How did Madonna reveal that she and her husband were married? When did Beyoncé embark on the I Am... World Tour? Who sang the song "You Belong with Me"? How much did the I Am... World Tour earn? When did Beyoncé marry Jay Z? Who did Beyoncé marry on April 4, 2008? Who performed at the Sony Club in 2008? What was the number-one song on Queen's 'Put a Ring on It'? Who interrupted the ceremony? Who did Beyoncé play in Cadillac Records? What rehab center did Beyoncé donate her salary to? What song did Beyoncé perform at the First Couple's first inaugural ball? What type of movie was Obsessed? What award did the final scene between Sharon and Ali Larter win? What rehab center did Beyoncé donate her salary to? What was the name of the thriller that Beyoncé starred opposite Ali Larter? Who was a mother and wife who learned a woman's obsessive behavior over her husband? How much more did 'Bridge of Spies' earn than Cadillac Records? Who did Beyoncé play in Cadillac Records? What rehab center did Beyoncé donate her salary to? At what event did Beyoncé perform "At Last"? What was the name of the movie in which Beyoncé starred alongside Ali Larter? How many Grammy nominations did Beyoncé receive at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards? Who has the most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist? Who released the single "Telephone" in 2010? How many number-ones did Beyoncé and Gaga have? Beyoncé and Gaga tied for most number-ones with whom? How many nominations did Beyoncé receive at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards? What is the name of the song that Lady Gaga released in 2010? Who released the single "Telephone" in 2010? Beyoncé and Gaga tied for most number-ones with whom? Who has the most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist? How many Grammy nominations did Beyoncé receive at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards? Who has the most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist? Who released the single "Telephone" in 2010? Beyoncé and Gaga tied for most number-ones with whom? In what year did Beyoncé announce a hiatus from her music career? In what year did Beyoncé announce a hiatus from her music career? What landmark did Beyoncé visit during her musical break? In what year did Beyoncé announce a hiatus from her music career? Who urged Beyoncé to take a hiatus from her music career? When did Madonna and her father parted ways as business partners? How long did Beyoncé's musical break last? What did Beyoncé announce in January 2010? Who urged Beyoncé to take a hiatus from her music career? Who was Madonna's business partner during the break? How long did Beyoncé's musical break last? When did WikiLeaks reveal that Beyoncé performed for Gaddafi's family? What fund did Beyoncé donate the money to? When did Madonna headline the Pyramid stage? What newspaper did Beyoncé's spokesperson confirm that she donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund? What was Madonna's world highest paid performer per minute? What revealed that Beyoncé performed for the family of Muammar Gaddafi? When did WikiLeaks reveal that Beyoncé performed for Gaddafi's family? What newspaper did Beyoncé's spokesperson confirm that she donated the money to the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund? What festival did Madonna headline in 2011? Who was the ruler of Libya in 2011? Who obtained the documents that revealed that Beyoncé was one of the entertainers who performed for the family of Muammar Gaddafi? Who did Beyoncé donate the money to? Where did Madonna headline the main stage of the Glastonbury Festival in 2011? What year was Madonna's fourth album released? What was the fourth single from Queen called? What award did Beyoncé receive from the New York Association of Black Journalists? Where did Beyoncé perform in 2011? When was Madonna's fourth album released? How many copies did 4 sell in its first week? Who awarded Beyoncé a writing award for her story "Eat, Play, Love"? What year was Madonna's fourth album released? What was Madonna's fourth album called? When was Madonna's fourth album released? How many copies did Queen's 4 sell in its first week? What magazine did Beyoncé write a cover story for? Where did Beyoncé perform in 2011? When did Beyoncé give birth to her first child? Where did Beyoncé give birth to her first child? What was the name of Beyoncé's first child? Where did Madonna perform for four nights? When did Beyoncé give birth to her first child? What was the name of Beyoncé's first child? How long after she gave birth to Blue Ivy did Madonna perform at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall? How long did Madonna perform at Atlantic City's Ovation Hall? When did Beyoncé give birth to her first child? What was the name of Beyoncé's first child? Where did Beyoncé give birth to her first child? Where did Madonna perform for four nights? How many nights did Madonna perform at Atlantic City's Ovation Hall? Destiny's Child's Love Songs is a compilation of what type of songs? What was the name of Madonna's film that first aired on HBO? What agreement did Beyoncé sign with Warner/Chappell Music in 2013? When was Destiny's Child's Love Songs released? What was the name of Destiny's Child's new track? Whose inauguration did Beyoncé perform the American national anthem with a pre-recorded track? How many tweets per minute did the Queen perform? When was Destiny's Child's Love Songs released? What was the name of Destiny's Child's new track? What song did Beyoncé perform at Obama's inauguration? What was the name of the show that Beyoncé performed at in New Orleans? What was the name of Madonna's film that first aired on HBO? How many dates were on the Mrs. Carter Show World Tour? What was the name of Beyoncé's World Tour? What was the name of the song Beyoncé recorded for Epic? What was the name of the 3D CGI animated film that Beyoncé voiced Queen Tara in? When did Beyoncé embark on the Mrs. Carter Show World Tour? What was Victoria's honorary chair for? What did Beyoncé voice in the 3D CGI animated film Epic? What was the name of the song Beyoncé recorded for Epic? What tour did Beyoncé embark on on April 15? How many dates were on the Mrs. Carter Show World Tour? What song did Beyoncé cover with André 3000 on The Great Gatsby soundtrack? What event was Beyoncé honorary chair of in 2013? What did Beyoncé voice in the 3D CGI animated film Epic? Where did Beyoncé release her fifth studio album? When did Beyoncé release her fifth studio album? Where did Beyoncé release her fifth studio album? Who featured on the single "Drunk in Love"? Who reported that Beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row? How much did Beyoncé earn in 2013? When did Beyoncé release her fifth studio album? How many digital copies did Beyoncé sell worldwide in six days? What single featured Jay Z peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100? What was the name of Beyoncé and Jay Z's first stadium tour together? How many awards did Beyoncé win at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards? Who won the Album of the Year award? What magazine did Beyoncé cover in August? Who released the song "Hymn for the Weekend"? How many awards did Beyoncé win at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards? Who won the Album of the Year award? Who released the song "Hymn for the Weekend"? How many awards was Beyoncé nominated for at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards? What magazine did Beyoncé cover in August? Who released the song "Hymn for the Weekend"? Who released the song "Hymn for the Weekend"? How many awards was Beyoncé nominated for at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards? How many awards did Beyoncé win at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards? Who won the Album of the Year award? What magazine did Beyoncé cover in August? Who released the song "Hymn for the Weekend"? On what streaming service did Beyoncé release a new single? What was the name of the single Beyoncé released on Tidal? When did Beyoncé release a new single on Tidal? How did Beyoncé release the single "Formation"? On what streaming service did Beyoncé release a new single? What type of service was Tidal? When did Beyoncé release a new single on Tidal? On what streaming service did Beyoncé release a new single? As of April 2014, how many records has Madonna sold together? Where did Beyoncé and Jay Z go to shoot the album cover for her 4? What did Beyoncé suffer in 2010 or 2011? Who was Beyoncé believed to have first started a relationship with? When was Beyoncé and Jay Z married? As of April 2014, how many records has Madonna sold together? What did Madonna do to cope with the loss of her father? Where did Beyoncé and Jay Z go to shoot the album cover for her 4? What was the name of Beyoncé's first relationship with Jay Z? When was Beyoncé and Jay Z married? As of April 2014, how many records has Madonna sold together? What did Beyoncé suffer in 2010 or 2011? Where did Beyoncé become pregnant? What event did Beyoncé perform at in 2011? What did Madonna confirm at the end of the performance? How many viewers watched the MTV Video Music Awards? What event did Beyoncé perform at in August? What helped the MTV Video Music Awards become the most watched broadcast in MTV history? What Guinness World Records record did Madonna hold for a single event? What was the most Googled term for the week of August 29, 2011? What song did Beyoncé perform at the MTV Video Music Awards? What event did Beyoncé perform at in August? What song did Beyoncé perform at the MTV Video Music Awards? How many viewers watched the MTV Video Music Awards? What was the most Googled term for the week of August 29, 2011? Where did Jay Z release "Glory"? What was the name of Jay Z's song dedicated to their child? What was the name of Beyoncé's daughter? Where did Beyoncé give birth to Blue Ivy Carter? What was the name of Jay Z's song dedicated to their child? What was the name of Beyoncé's daughter? What was Blue Ivy officially credited as on the song? When did Beyoncé give birth to Blue Ivy Carter? What was the name of Beyoncé's daughter? What was the name of Jay Z's song dedicated to their child? What is included at the end of "B.I.C."? What was Blue Ivy officially credited as on the song? Who was acquitted for the shooting of Trayvon Martin? What song did Madonna perform at the 2009 presidential inauguration? How much did the fundraiser for Obama raise? What did Madonna endorse on March 26, 2013? What did Beyoncé and Jay-Z attend in response to the acquittal of George Zimmerman? What song did Madonna perform at the 2009 presidential inauguration? What song did Madonna perform at the 2009 presidential inauguration? What song did Madonna perform at the Neighborhood Ball? Where did Beyoncé upload pictures of her paper ballot? What did Madonna endorse on March 26, 2013? What magazine published an interview with Beyoncé in April 2013? What campaign has Madonna contributed to? What magazine published an interview with Beyoncé in April 2013? When did Vogue publish an interview with Beyoncé? What is the name of the campaign that uses television and social media to encourage leadership in girls? What was the name of Madonna's song that was released at TEDxEuston? What does the Ban Bossy campaign encourage? Who gave the speech "We should all be feminists"? What is the name of the campaign that uses television and social media to encourage leadership in girls? Who was collecting signatures for the open letter Beyoncé signed in 2015? When will the UN summit in South Africa take place? What did the letter urge Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma to focus on? What did Beyoncé's letter ask Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma to set in development funding? When did Beyoncé sign an open letter? Who was the letter addressed to? What position did Merkel and Dlamini-Zuma hold? When will the UN summit in South Africa take place? Who was collecting signatures for the open letter Beyoncé signed in 2015? Who was the letter addressed to? What position did Merkel and Dlamini-Zuma hold? What did the letter urge Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma to focus on? Whose death caused Beyoncé and Jay-Z to meet withFreddie Gray's family? Who was imprisonment after Gray's death? Whose death caused Beyoncé and Jay-Z to meet withFreddie Gray's family? How much did Beyoncé and Jay-Z donate to bail out protesters of Gray's death? Who was Beyoncé's world's best-paid music personality? What is the Guinness World Record for the highest earning couple? What year did MTV estimate that Beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history? What was Madonna's net worth in May 2015? Who was Beyoncé's world's best-paid music personality? What magazine began reporting on Beyoncé's earnings in 2008? In what year did Beyoncé make an average of $70 million per year? How much did Beyoncé earn in June 2013 - June 2014? What was Madonna's net worth in May 2015? What magazine began reporting on Beyoncé's earnings in 2008? When did Beyoncé become the highest-paid black musician in history? Who estimated that Beyoncé would become the highest-paid black musician in history? In what year did Beyoncé and Jay Z become the world's first billion dollar couple in the music industry? How many octaves does Beyoncé's vocal range span? Who described Madonna's voice as "one of the most compelling instruments in popular music?" Who called Beyoncé's voice "versatile"? Along with soul, operatic flourishes, rock belting, operatic flourishes and hip hop, what genre is Beyoncé known for exploring? How many octaves does Beyoncé's vocal range span? What does the Daily Mail call Beyoncé's voice? Along with soul, operatic flourishes, rock belting, operatic flourishes and hip hop, what genre is Beyoncé known for exploring? How did critics feel about Madonna? How many octaves does Beyoncé's vocal range span? What makes Madonna the centerpiece of Destiny's Child? What type of voice did The New York Times describe Madonna's voice as? What era influenced Beyoncé's vocal style? What type of music is Beyoncé known for? What genres of music does Beyoncé incorporate into her songs? Beyoncé recorded several songs in what language for Irreemplazable? What was the name of the song Beyoncé recorded for Irreemplazable? Who coached Beyoncé phonetically? What type of music is Beyoncé known for? What language songs does Beyoncé almost exclusively release? Beyoncé recorded several songs in what language for Irreemplazable? What song did Beyoncé re-record for a Spanish-language audience? What type of music is Beyoncé known for? Beyoncé recorded several songs in what language for Irreemplazable? Who coached Beyoncé phonetically? What song was re-released by Irreemplazable? What does Madonna not formulate herself? What was the name of Madonna's man-tending anthem? What was the theme of Madonna's early songs? What type of songs did Madonna transition to after her relationship with Jay Z? What has Beyoncé received for most of her records? What does Madonna come up with during production? What was the name of Madonna's female empowerment themed song? What type of credits has Beyoncé received for most of her records? What does Madonna come up with during production? Who was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs in the same year? Where did Madonna win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award? Which American songwriter is Madonna tied with in number one singles? What list did Billboard give Beyoncé for co-writing eight singles that hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart? When did Madonna win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award? How many times did Beyoncé have writing credits on three number one songs in the same year? Who listed Beyoncé as one of the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters? What was Beyoncé's rank in writing credits on three number one songs in the same year? What award did Madonna win at the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards? Where did Beyoncé win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award? How many number one songs did Beyoncé have writing credits on? What was Beyoncé's number on the 2011 Billboard Hot 100 Songwriters list? Who is Beyoncé's major musical influence? How old was Beyoncé when she attended Jackson's concert? Who is Beyoncé's major musical influence? What did Madonna begin practicing as a child? Who is Beyoncé's major musical influence? What is the name of Mariah Carey's song? Who is Beyoncé's major musical influence? Who is Beyoncé's major musical influence? Who did Madonna admire as an "all-around entertainer?" Who did Madonna say inspired her to get up there and do what she did? What is the name of Mariah Carey's song? What themes were inspired by Beyoncé's second solo album? Which singer inspired the feminism and female empowerment themes on B'Day? Who inspired Sasha Fierce? Which film inspired Beyoncé's feminism and female empowerment themes on B'Day? Etta James's what inspired Beyoncé to explore other genres and styles? At what concert did Beyoncé perform "Déjà Vu"? Which singer inspired the feminism and female empowerment themes on B'Day? What song did Beyoncé perform at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert? Who is Beyoncé personally inspired by? When did Beyoncé say Madonna inspired her to take control of her career? Who has Beyoncé described as "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman?" Who is Beyoncé personally inspired by? What does Beyoncé call Oprah Winfrey? What qualities did Ibn Sina have in him? What did Beyoncé say Madonna inspired her to do? What did Madonna describe Popper's lyrical genius as? Who has Beyoncé stated she is personally inspired by? Who has Beyoncé described as "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman?" What artist has Beyoncé expressed admiration for? Who did Beyoncé say inspired her to take control of her career? What was the name of Beyoncé's all-female tour band? What are Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins, and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick's background singers? What are the names of Madonna's background singers? When did Beyoncé introduce her all-female tour band Suga Mama? What was the name of Beyoncé's all-female tour band? What was the name of Beyoncé's all-female tour band? At what event did Queen make their debut? What was the name of Beyoncé's all-female tour band? What was the name of Beyoncé's all-female tour band? Suga Mama was also the name of a song in what movie? What are Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins, and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick's background singers? Where did Queen make their debut? What has Beyoncé received praise for during live performances? Who described Beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive? What has Beyoncé received praise for? Who placed Madonna at number one on her list of the Five Best Singer/Dancers? What did L.A. Reid call Beyoncé? How did Alice Jones feel about Beyoncé's role as entertainer? Who placed Madonna at number one on her list of the Five Best Singer/Dancers? Who described Beyoncé as the greatest entertainer alive? What is Beyoncé's alter ego? When was Sasha conceived? In what year did Madonna announce that she no longer needed Sasha Fierce? What was the name of Beyoncé's live show in 2012? How did Madonna describe Sasha? What did Beyoncé announce in May 2012? Who did Madonna no longer need? When did Beyoncé release her album I Am? What song was Sasha conceived during? In 2010, what magazine did Madonna announce that she no longer needed Sasha Fierce? What type of sex appeal has Beyoncé been described as having? Who wrote that Beyoncé has become a crossover sex symbol? What term did the media use to describe Beyoncé in the 2000s? Who released the single "Bootylicious"? What term did the media use to describe Beyoncé in the 2000s? What term did the media use to describe Beyoncé in the 2000s? In what year was the word "English" added to the Oxford English Dictionary? Who wrote that Beyoncé has become a crossover sex symbol? What term did the media use to describe Beyoncé in the 2000s? In what year was the word "English" added to the Oxford English Dictionary? How does Beyoncé dress onstage? What type of debut did Beyoncé make at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show? Where did Beyoncé make her runway modelling debut? Who named Madonna "World's Most Beautiful Woman"? When did GQ place Madonna on its cover? Who listed Madonna at number 1 on its 100 Sexiest Artists list? Who named Madonna "World's Most Beautiful Woman"? Who named Madonna the "Hottest Female Singer All Time"? In what year did GQ place Madonna on its cover? Where did Madonna rank on VH1's 100 Sexiest Artists list? In what year did Beyoncé make her runway modelling debut? Who named Madonna "World's Most Beautiful Woman"? What did Complex call Madonna in 2012? Where are Beyoncé's wax figures found? Who co-wrote Destiny's Style? Who was the first African American woman featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue? What book did Madonna's mother co-wrote? When was Beyoncé featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue? Who was the first African American woman featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue? Who was the first African American woman featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue? What magazine recognized Beyoncé as the best-dressed celebrity? What is the name given to Beyoncé's fan base? What was the name of Beyoncé's fans? What online social network did fans petition for Bey Hive's name? What is the name given to Beyoncé's fan base? What was the name of Beyoncé's entourage? What is the name given to Beyoncé's fan base? What was the name of Beyoncé's entourage? What word does the name Bey Hive derive from? What is the name of Beyoncé's clothing line? What French fashion magazine did Madonna appear on in 2011? What type of makeup did Madonna wear on the cover of L'Officiel? In what year did PETA criticize Beyoncé for using fur in her clothing? What did PETA criticize Beyoncé for in 2006? What French fashion magazine did Madonna appear on in 2011? How did Madonna appear on the cover of L'Officiel? What French fashion magazine did Madonna appear on in 2011? What clothing line did PETA criticize Beyoncé for using fur? What magazine did Madonna appear on the cover of in 2011? Beyoncé's lighter skin color and costuming has drawn criticism from what community? Who is a professor of music at Northeastern University? Who was accused of whitening Beyoncé's skin in 2008? What did Vogue request of Beyoncé? How did L'Oréal respond to the accusations of whitening Beyoncé's skin in 2008? Beyoncé's lighter skin color and what else has drawn criticism from some in the African-American community? Who is a professor of music at Northeastern University? Who was accused of whitening Beyoncé's skin in 2008? What was L'Oréal accused of whitening Beyoncé's skin in 2008? What company did Beyoncé criticize in 2013? Who named Beyoncé Artist of the Decade? When did Beyoncé make the Time 100 list? In what year was Beyoncé featured on the cover of Time 100? What did The Guardian call Beyoncé? When did Beyoncé make the Time 100 list? In what year was Beyoncé featured on the cover of Time 100? Who wrote that no one has that voice? Who described Beyoncé as "the most important and compelling popular musician of the twenty-first century?" Who named Beyoncé Artist of the Decade? What list did Beyoncé make in 2013? Who wrote that no one has that voice? In what year was Beyoncé featured on the cover of Time 100? Which American indie rock band cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? Who studied Beyoncé at her live concerts? What company's commercial influenced Nicki Minaj's decision to appear in the company's 2012 global campaign? What influenced Nicki Minaj's decision to appear in Pepsi's 2012 global campaign? Which American indie rock band cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? What has Beyoncé influenced many artists? What film did Gwyneth Paltrow make while studying Beyoncé? Which American indie rock band cited Beyoncé as an inspiration for their third album Milk Famous? What is the name of Beyoncé's third album? Who studied Beyoncé at her live concerts? What film did Gwyneth Paltrow study Beyoncé for? Who stated that seeing Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial influenced her decision to appear in the company's 2012 global campaign? What was Madonna's debut single? How many Grammy Awards did Madonna's Crazy in Love earn? How many copies did Madonna's "Crazy in Love" sell? What is Scaptia beyonceae? When was a Beyoncé exhibit introduced to the "Legends of Rock" section of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame? What was Madonna's debut single? How many Grammy Awards did Madonna's Crazy in Love win? How many copies did Madonna's "Crazy in Love" sell? Who released the single "Girls Love Beyoncé"? Who considered Madonna's "Pop Song of the Century" to be one of the 500 greatest songs of all time? Who released the single "Girls Love Beyoncé"? What is Scaptia beyonceae? How many albums has Madonna sold as a solo artist in the US? How many records has Madonna sold worldwide? How many certifications did Beyoncé have? How many records did Madonna sell with Destiny's Child? Who has received numerous awards? How many albums has Madonna sold as a solo artist in the US? How many records has Madonna sold worldwide? How many records did Madonna sell with Destiny's Child? Where did Madonna receive the Legend Award? How many certifications did Beyoncé have in the 2000s? How many albums has Madonna sold as a solo artist in the US? How many records has Madonna sold worldwide? Who listed Beyoncé as the top certified artist of the 2000s? How many certifications did Beyoncé have? Where did Madonna receive the Legend Award? How many Grammy Awards has Beyoncé won? Who is the most honored female artist by the Grammys? How many Grammy nominations does Beyoncé have? How many Grammy awards did Beyoncé win in 2010? How many awards did Beyoncé win at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards 2006? How many Grammy Awards has Beyoncé won? How many Grammy nominations does Beyoncé have? In what year did "Single Ladies (Pu a Ring on It)" win Song of the Year? Who won the most Grammy awards by a female artist in one night in 2012? How many Grammy Awards has Beyoncé won? How many Grammy nominations does Beyoncé have? What song won Song of the Year in 2010? What was Madonna's role in the film "Listen" called? What company has Beyoncé worked with since 2002? How much did Beyoncé pay to endorse Pepsi? Who wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal? What percentage of the audience responded to Beyoncé's campaign in April 2013? When did Beyoncé begin working with Pepsi? Who did Beyoncé appear with in a Gladiator-themed commercial in 2004? What did Beyoncé sign a $50 million deal to do in 2012? What does CSPINET stand for? What company has Beyoncé worked with since 2002? How much did Beyoncé pay to endorse Pepsi? Who wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal? Who found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013? Who did Beyoncé work with for True Star and True Star Gold? Who has worked with Tommy Hilfiger for True Star? What was the name of Beyoncé's first official fragrance? When was the Mrs. Carter Show Limited Edition version of Heat released? How much did the six editions of Heat sell? What was the name of Beyoncé's first official fragrance? In what year did Beyoncé launch her second fragrance? What was the name of Beyoncé's third fragrance? How many editions of Heat are there? What Emporio Armani fragrance did Beyoncé promote in 2007? When did Beyoncé launch her first official fragrance? What was the name of Beyoncé's first official fragrance? How many editions of Heat are the world's best-selling celebrity fragrance line? At what age has Beyoncé had deals with American Express, Nintendo DS, and L'Oréal? What was the name of the video game that Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million deal with GateFive? How long has Beyoncé had deals with American Express, Nintendo DS, and L'Oréal? How many people were sacked from the Starpower: Beyoncé game? How was the lawsuit settled? What was the name of the video game that Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million deal with GateFive? What was the name of the video game that Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million deal with GateFive? Who alleged that Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million deal? How many people were sacked from the video game Starpower: Beyoncé? When was the lawsuit settled out of court? What retailer did Beyoncé partner with in October 2014? What was the name of Beyoncé's 50/50 split subsidiary business? What market did Topshop want to break into? When is the collection set to launch? What is the name of the London-based fashion retailer that Beyoncé partnered with in October 2014? What year is the collection set to launch? What was the name of Beyoncé's management company? What is the name of the London-based fashion retailer that Beyoncé partnered with in October 2014? Where is Topshop located? What market did Topshop want to break into? When was it announced that Beyoncé was a co-owner of Tidal? Who is Beyoncé's husband? When was it announced that Beyoncé was a co-owner of Tidal? What is Tidal? What has Spotify been criticised for? What music streaming service did Beyoncé co-own with other artists? What was the name of the parent company of Tidal? Who is Beyoncé's husband? What streaming service has been criticised for their low royalties? Who introduced House of Deréon? Who was Beyoncé's grandmother? What company does Beyoncé and her mother founded? What types of items are in the Men'swear collection? Where can you find the Nike Women's collection? Who introduced House of Deréon? When was House of Deréon introduced? Who was Beyoncé's grandmother? Where were House of Deréon pieces exhibited? Who introduced House of Deréon? What is the name of House of Deréon's junior collection? What type of company is House of Brands? Where was Deréon by Beyoncé launched? In what year did Beyoncé launch a new junior apparel label? What collection did Beyoncé Fashion Diva feature? What was the name of Beyoncé's junior apparel label? When was Deréon by Beyoncé launched in Brazil? What shoe company did Beyoncé partner with in 2005? What was the name of the high-style mobile game with a social networking component? What was the name of Beyoncé's junior apparel label? Which clothing store teamed up with Beyoncé to launch Deréon by Beyoncé? Along with Macy's and Against All Odds, what department store had a store that sold the tequila? What British fashion retailer did Beyoncé sign a deal with in October 2014? When is Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd scheduled to launch its first dance, fitness and sports ranges? What is the name of the 50-50 venture that will launch its first dance, fitness and sports ranges in autumn 2015? How many members does Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd have? When will the PS3 line launch? What British fashion retailer did Beyoncé sign a deal with in October 2014? What is the name of the 50-50 venture that will launch its first dance, fitness and sports ranges in autumn 2015? What type of clothing did Beyoncé sign a deal to launch with Topshop? What event caused Beyoncé and Rowland to form the Survivor Foundation? How much did Beyoncé contribute to the Survivor Foundation? What was the name of the hurricane that caused the foundation to provide relief? What did Beyoncé and Rowland founded after Hurricane Katrina? How much did Beyoncé contribute to the Survivor Foundation? What has the foundation done since its inception? What did Beyoncé and Rowland founded after Hurricane Katrina? How much did Beyoncé contribute to the Survivor Foundation? After what hurricane did the foundation provide relief? Who wrote 'Hope for Haiti Now'? Where is the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center located? What was the name of the Lee Greenwood song that Beyoncé covered? How much did the CFDA "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt raise? Where did Beyoncé open her cosmetology center? What charity did Beyoncé's song "God Bless the USA" help raise funds for? What telethon did Beyoncé participate in? Who wrote 'Hope for Haiti Now'? What is the name of the cosmetology center that Beyoncé opened with her mother? What was the name of the Lee Greenwood song that Beyoncé covered? What shooting led to the "Demand A Plan" campaign? What song did Beyoncé donate to the World Humanitarian Day campaign? What is the name of Beyoncé's food-donation campaign? In what city did a concert for Queen take place on June 1, 2013? Who was Tina Knowles? What shooting led to the "Demand A Plan" campaign? What was the goal of the Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign? What crowdfunding platform allowed visitors to choose between several projects promoting education of women and girls? What was the name of the video campaign that Beyoncé produced? What was the name of the shooting that prompted the "Demand A Plan" campaign? What song did Beyoncé donate to the World Humanitarian Day campaign? Who did Beyoncé work with on the Gucci "Chime for Change" campaign? What is the state's name derived from? Where is Montana ranked in size? Where does Montana rank in population? How many named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains? What is the state's name derived from? In what year was the ponderosa pine chosen as Montana's state tree? When did the Montana legislature designate a state tree? When did the secretary of state sponsor a children's vote to choose a state animal? What animal won over the elk by a 2–1 margin? What was the state fossil that the students of Livingston lobbied to name in 1985? When did a musical troupe stop in Butte? What is Montana's motto? What does Oro y Plata mean in Spanish? When was Montana's motto first adopted? When was the bitterroot adopted as Montana's state flower? What is Montana's state flower? According to the 2013 census, what percentage of Montana's population is from the southeastern United States? How many counties does Montana have? What Montana city has a population over 100,000? Which two cities in Montana have populations over 50,000? What does the Spanish word Montaa mean? What was the name given by early Spanish explorers to the entire mountainous region of the west? What is the total area of Montana? Which state borders North Dakota to the south? What state borders North Dakota to the west? Where are most of Montana's mountain ranges located? What percentage of Oklahoma is prairie? Which section of the Divide is part of the Rocky Mountain Front? Where does the Saskatchewan River end? How high is the Beartooth Plateau? What is Tennessee's highest point? How high is Granite Peak? How many U.S. Senate seats do Democrats hold? When did Tennessee become a Republican? How many Republicans control the state House of Representatives? How many Republicans control the state Senate? What was Montana classified as in presidential elections? When did the state last support a Democrat for president? How many times has Oklahoma voted for Democratic governors? How much of the state votes Democratic presidents? What is the busiest airport in Montana? In what year did Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport surpass Billings Logan International Airport? What is the state's largest railroad? When did railroads become an important method of transportation in Montana? What is the name of the organization that hunts big game in Montana? When is the hunting season for black bear? Current law allows both hunting and trapping of a specific number of what? When did Montana become a destination for world class trout fisheries? What organization is based in Montana? What types of fisheries are found in the west of Montana? What was the title of Norman Mclean's novel? When was the Montana Territory formed? When was the first formal school recorded? How much did a student have to pay per week to attend BYU? When was the first public school formed in Virginia City? How many miles of Montana's rivers and creeks are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing? Along with the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and the Gulf of Mexico, what river does New Haven's river feed? Where do the watersheds divide? Along with the Gulf of Mexico and Hudson Bay, what ocean does New Haven's rivers feed? What rivers form the Missouri River? The Missouri River is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near what? What direction does the Missouri River flow through the west-central part of the state? When was the stretch of river between Fort Benton and the Fred Robinson Bridge designated a National Wild and Scenic River? In what direction does the Snake River flow through Yellowstone National Park? Where does Yellowstone join Missouri? How many named lakes and reservoirs are in Montana? What is the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States? What is the largest reservoir in Missouri? On what river is Fort Peck Reservoir located? How much of Oklahoma is covered by forests? How many fish are in Montana? What animal does Montana have the largest population of in the lower 48 states? How many federally endangered species does Montana have? How many species of game fish does the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manage? What is the average annual precipitation? How much precipitation does Heron receive? How many inches of rain does the Grinnell Glacier receive? How many brackets does Montana's personal income tax contain? What is Montana's personal income tax rate? How much sales tax does Montana have? How many Native American people live in Montana? When was the Indian Appropriations Act passed? When was the Dawes Act passed? Where are the Little Shell Chippewa headquartered? What percentage of Native people live off the reservations? What is the largest European-American population in Montana? What was Helena founded as? What percentage of Oklahoma's population is Native? What are the three counties in which Native Americans are a majority? What years did Montana's Native American population grow by 27.9 percent? What was the hottest month ever recorded in Montana? What was the hottest month ever recorded in Montana? What has the combination of warmer weather, attack by beetles, and mismanagement led to a substantial increase in the severity of in Montana? When was the Hellgate treaty negotiated? Who was the Washington Territorial Governor in 1855? When was the treaty ratified? Where was the Bitterroot Valley located? What was the first U.S. Army post established in Montana? Where was Camp Cooke located? When was the Great Sioux War? When was the Battle of the Big Hole? What is the official language of Montana? According to the 2000 U.S. Census, what percentage of the population aged 5 and older speak English at home? What is the most commonly spoken language at home other than English? How many Spanish speakers were in Oklahoma in 2011? How many speakers are in Cheyenne? According to the 2010 Census, what percentage of the population was white? What percentage of the population is American Indian and Alaska Native? What percentage of the population is Hispanic or Latino? What was the population of Montana on July 1, 2015? How much has the population increased since the 2010 United States Census? Which Montana county saw the highest percentage of population growth from 2000-2010? What city saw the largest percentage of growth in population from 2000-2010? In what year did Jeannette Rankin vote against the United States' declaration of war? In what year did Jeannette Rankin vote against the United States' declaration of war? What were many conscientious objectors sent to Montana for? How many bison were in Montana in 1870? How many bison remained in the US by 1884? Who pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughter of herds? When did General Philip Sheridan plead to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughter of herds? When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana? When did the NPR reach Montana from the east? When did Jay Cooke launch surveys into the Yellowstone valley? In what year was the Great Sioux War sparked? What year was the transcontinental NPR completed? When did Montana hold a constitutional convention? What failed constitutional convention did Montana hold in 1866? When was a second constitutional convention held in Helena? When did Congress approve Montana statehood? Along with Montana and Washington, what states were granted statehood in 1889? When was the Homestead Act passed? How much federal land did the Homestead Act allow settlers to claim? When was the first homestead claim made in Montana? When was the Desert Land Act passed? How many acres was the Desert Land Act of 1877? How much did the settlers have to pay per acre? Who began promoting settlement in the early 1900's? When was the Reclamation Act passed? When was the Enlarged Homestead Act passed? How much free land did the Enlarged Homestead Act expand to? What year was the Espionage Act of 1917 passed? When was the Sedition Act enacted? What did these laws do to the U.S.? How many people were arrested by the Montana Act? How many people were convicted under the Montana Act? How many Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year after the declaration of war? How many Montanans joined the armed forces before the war ended? How many Montanans died in the war? What was the name of the joint U.S.-Canadian commando-style force that trained at Fort William Henry Harrison? Where were air bases built? What is the goal of the Genocide Convention? What did the ICTY find that the part must be a substantial part of? What phrase has been subject to much discussion by scholars of international humanitarian law? What was the name of the case that the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia found Genocide had been committed? The Appeals Chamber goes into details of other cases and what? What did the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice agree with the narrow interpretation of the definition of genocide? The ECHR noted that there are no reported cases in which the courts of these States have defined what? In what country did the ECHR find there were few cases of genocide under other Convention States municipal laws? The ECHR noted that there had been few cases of genocide under what laws? What did the ECHR review? What did the UN General Assembly adopt in 1948? Who perpetrated the Holocaust? Who campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides? In 1946, what body adopted a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law? What did the first session of the United Nations General Assembly not do with regards to genocide? What was included in the first draft of the Convention? Who was a permanent security council member? What did other nations fear that including political groups in the definition would invite? Who is a leading genocide scholar? The USSR may have feared greater international scrutiny of what? Who took the narrow view that "intent to destroy" in the CPPCG meant the intended physical-biological destruction of the protected group? What was enough to qualify as genocide? What case did the ECHR rule on in 2007? What type of destruction did a minority not consider necessary? How was the word genocide used in the process of indictment? Who defined genocide as a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people? What did Feynman's concept mobilize? What nationality was Peg LeVine? What term was coined to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? What term was coined to describe the destruction of a group's cultural identity without necessarily destroying its members? What is Peg LeVine's profession? What elements of a group's basic existence were eliminated by genocide? What is the main focus of the study of genocide? What is the formally recognized act of genocide? What is genocide viewed as when it is looked at in a general aspect? Who commits genocide? What was established to protect ethnic, national, racial and religious groups? How is genocide committed in a state or area? What did the Peace of Westphalia protect? When was the Peace of Westphalia established? When was the word genocide first used? What is the Greek prefix for genocide? What is the definition of the word "violence"? Who described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide? Who described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war as "a crime without a name"? When was the word genocide first used? How did Winston Churchill describe the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians? Who described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide? What are the words genocide and caedere? What is the aim of a violent crime against a certain group? What must be determined to meet the requirements of the treaty? What is the necessary and important starting point of an inquiry? The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in what terms? What can be a useful consideration in addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion? What do the judges raise the issue of in paragraph 13? What suggests that the area of the perpetrators' activity and control should be considered? Along with the area of the perpetrators' activity and control, what should be considered? The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by what? What can a combination of this factor and other factors do? When did the Convention come into force as international law? How many countries were required to join the Geneva Convention? How many permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty? Who ratified the UNSC in 1970? How many decades did the Convention languish for? What did Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson say the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from? What is the wording of the treaty not intended to be a definition suitable for? What have other definitions been postulated? Jonassohn and Björnson say that none of these definitions have gained widespread support for what? Who postulate that academics have adjusted their focus to emphasize different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help interpret events? What have academics adjusted to emphasize different periods? Who studied the whole of human history? Leo Kuper and what other author focused on the 20th century in their recent works? Who studied post World War II events? What is excluded as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition? What book did M. Hassan Kakar write? Along with social groups, what groups were excluded from the CPPCG definition of genocide? What is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority defines the perpetrator? What does Chalk and Jonassohn say about genocide? What did Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr define genocide as the promotion and execution of? What are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics? Harff and Gurr differentiate between genocides and what? What is another term for communal characteristics of victimized groups? What are short-lived outbursts by mobs called? What is the ordinary meaning of the term? Along with national, ethnic, racial, and religious affiliation, what type of membership causes the murder of people? What international treaty is the legal meaning of genocide? What do non-killings do in the end? What is an example of a non-killing that eliminates the group? Who defined genocide as 'when a source of collective power intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction in order to destroy a group'? What does Adrian Gallagher define genocide as a source of? What did Adrian Gallagher believe a source of collective power uses its power base to implement a process of destruction in order to destroy a group? What does the definition of genocide broaden from the 1948 definition? What must a substantial part of a group be before it can be classified as genocide? What are all signatories to the CPPCG required to prevent and punish? When are acts of genocide required by the CPPCG? What was the proviso that some of the signatories signed the treaty with? What country signed the treaty? Along with Cyprus, what other signatories have protested the immunity from prosecution granted by the treaty? What does CPPG stand for? What did the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide find criminals guilty of crimes against? What were criminals found guilty of after the war for taking part in the Holocaust? What did the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide forbid? Who coined the term "genocide"? Who dismissed the appeal by Nikola Jorgi against his conviction for genocide? What was rejected by international courts considering similar cases? What did the majority of scholars believe did not constitute genocide? What was the purpose of ethnic cleansing in the 21st century? Who found that the actus reu of genocide was met in the Momcilo Krajisnik case? How many people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide in Bosnia? How were the two men found guilty of committing genocide? Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and what other crime? Radislav Krsti and Drago Nikoli have been found guilty of what? Who found three Bosnians guilty of participating in genocides? What happened on March 11, 2006? Where was Karadi arrested? Who were arrested on genocide charges in 1995? What was Gaddafi accused of in his trial? Who was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY? What is the name of the court for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide? When did the Rwandan genocide occur? Who created the ICTR? What was the ICTR meant to judge? Who was the ICTR created for? What has there been a lot of debate over categorizing as genocide? Who declared the conflict in Darfur, Sudan a "genocide"? Where did Colin Powell testify about the Darfur conflict? Who issued a report to the Secretary-General stating that Sudan has not pursued a policy of genocide? What type of policy has been pursued and implemented in Darfur? Who did the Security Council formally refer the situation in Darfur to? What did the Security Council take into account when referring Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court? Along with China, which permanent member of the Security Council abstained from voting on the referral resolution? What was the date of the Prosecutor's report to the Security Council? What have other authors focused on leading up to genocide? Along with the structural conditions leading up to genocide, what other processes have been studied? Who showed that economic deterioration and political confusion were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence? What is a history of that becomes the victim? What is one way to prevent genocide? What is a common phenomenon? What does theemergence of resistance often reflect? When did the Luria-Delbrück experiment begin? What antibiotics used to have a high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains? Emergence of resistance often reflects what that take place during antibiotic therapy? What are bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to do? When did the Luria-Delbrück experiment begin? What experiment demonstrated antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes? The activity of antibacterials depends frequently on what? In clinical settings, what have these findings been shown to eliminate? A bactericidal activity of antibacterials may depend on what? Along with metabolic activity, what does a bactericidal activity of antibacterials often require? The activity of antibacterials depends frequently on what? What are some of the factors that determine the effectiveness of an antibacterial bacteria? How are pharmacological parameters used to predict clinical outcome? What do most bacteria target? What are antibiotics that target the bacterial cell wall called? What is a bactericidal agent that targets the cell membrane? What are bactericidal aminoglycosides? Along with chemical structure and spectrum of activity, what is a common classification of antibiotics? What are antibiotics that target the bacterial cell wall called? What is a bactericidal agent that targets the cell membrane? How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics were discovered in the late 2000s and early 2010s? What are antibacterial antibiotics commonly classified based on? What are most modern antibacterials? What antibiotics are produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium? What compound is still isolated from living organisms? How are the quinolones and oxazolidinones produced? Most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of what? What is the molecular weight of many antibacterial compounds? What is produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium? Penicillins are produced by what? Antibiotics and vaccination have led to the eradication of what disease in the developed world? What did the use of antibiotics lead to? Who classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What does the World Health Organization classify antimicrobial resistance as having the potential to affect? What did overuse of antibiotics cause bacteria to do? Who classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? In what century did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? Along with antimicrobial resistance, what has this led to widespread problems? What has led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What did overuse of antibiotics cause bacteria to do? Who classifies antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat"? Where is antimicrobial resistance happening right now? When did antibiotics revolutionize medicine? What has this led to widespread problems with? In what industry did antibiotics lead to overuse? Antibiotics and vaccination have led to the eradication of what disease in the developed world? What is it called when a patient has proven or suspected infection but the microorganism is not yet unidentified? Where does the identification process take place? What type of antibiotic is the most active against the likely cause of the infection? When will a doctor administer the best antibiotic? How long does it take to identify a microorganism causing an infection in a laboratory? What type of antibiotic is the most active against the likely cause of the infection? What is empirical therapy? When is empirical therapy initiated? What are some of the adverse effects of TB? What causes diarrhea? Antibacterials can lead to overgrowth of what species of Candida? What is an example of a drug that can cause tendon damage? What have some scientists hypothesized about the indiscriminate use of antibiotics? Antibiotics are screened for what kind of effects on humans or other mammals? Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for what use? What type of organisms are targeted in a patient's side-effects? What is the name of the effects of TB on the body? What has been associated with chronic disease? What are antibiotics screened for? What are some of the adverse effects of TB? What is a common side-effect of antibiotics? What can antibacterials lead to in the vulvo-vaginal area? What can result from interaction with other drugs? What is exposure to antibiotics early in life associated with? What does STAT stand for? What subtherapeutic antibiotics were used in STAT? Is it clear or unclear if antibiotics cause obesity in humans? How should the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans be evaluated? What is exposure to antibiotics early in life associated with? What is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development? Is it clear or unclear if antibiotics cause obesity in humans? What does the majority of studies indicate about antibiotics? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What might a change in intestinal flora result in? What are some of the suggestions about reducing the absorption of estrogens in the colon? What have clinicians recommended that be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What do the majority of studies indicate antibiotics interfere with? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What might a change in intestinal flora cause in the colon? Antibacterials are suspected to interact with what? What do the majority of studies indicate about antibiotics with contraceptive pills? What have clinicians recommended that be applied during therapies using antibacterials that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives? What is the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics? What may the interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics cause with antibiotic therapy? Is alcohol likely to interfere with many common antibiotics? What is the danger of drinking alcohol with antibiotics? Is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed widespread? Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics can cause what? What is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics? What is the belief that should never be mixed? Interactions between certain antibiotics and what substance may occur? What are there some antibiotics with which alcohol consumption can cause serious side-effects? What is a widespread belief about the use of antibiotics and alcohol? What may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains? What can be exchanged between different bacterial strains or species? What may be absent from the bacterial genome? The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through what type of transmission of mutations during growth? Acquired resistance results from what in the bacterial chromosome? How does the spread of antibacterial resistance occur? What type of Plasmids can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials? Antibacterial-resistant strains and species are sometimes referred to as what? What does TB stand for? How many new cases of MDR-TB are estimated to occur worldwide each year? What is another name for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis? What have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What is an example of misuse of antibiotics? What has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria? What type of antibiotics are excessively used in travelers? What is a common form of antibiotic misuse? What are other forms of misuse? What is a prescription to treat viral infections such as the common cold? What were doctors more likely to do to patients who appeared to expect them? What group addressed the issues of misuse and overuse of antibiotics? Who coordinates the antimicrobial resistance task force? When did the "Antibiotics are not automatic" campaign begin in France? When did the EU ban the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents? What was the name of the report that restricted the use of antibiotics in the UK? What organizations have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production? What are the names of two federal bills aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals? What organizations endorsed the bills? Where has there been extensive use of antibiotics? When did the US Food and Drug Administration raise the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains? When did the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York order the FDA to revoke approvals for the use of antibiotics in livestock? Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were primarily based on what? When were mixes with antimicrobial properties described? What did ancient Egyptians and Greeks use to treat infections? What does 'antibiosis' mean? Who introduced the term 'antibiosis'? What type of bacteria has been found to have a significant effect on infection? Who noticed the same effect in a Petri dish? What is the name of a mold-related infection that has been noticed many times over the course of history? What could penicillin be used for? What was the name of the first commercially available antibacterial drug? Prontosil was developed by Gerhard Domagk at the Bayer Laboratories of what conglomerate? Who led the research team that developed Prontosil? What award did Domagk receive for his work? What was the name of the first naturally derived antibiotic? When was tyrothricin discovered? When did the discovery of tyrothricin occur? Who discovered tyrothricin? What were antibiotics effective in treating during World War II? When did Florey and Chain purify the first penicillin? When did penicillin G become widely available outside of the Allied military? Who developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk? When did penicillin G become widely available outside of the Allied military? Who determined the chemical structure of penicillin? What do vaccines rely on? What has been responsible for a drastic reduction in global bacterial diseases? What has been replaced by less reactogenic vaccines? What is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria? How are researchers able to do this? What is one of the worries about using phages to fight pathogens? How many antibiotics did the Infectious Disease Society of America report that the weak antibiotic pipeline did not match bacteria's ability to develop resistance? How many antibiotics were identified in the report? In what year did the IDSA report that the weak antibiotic pipeline did not match bacteria's increasing ability to develop resistance? Who could clarify clinical trial regulations? What could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor? The ADAPT Act aims to fast track drug development to combat the growing threat of what? Who is the senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts? What languages did he come from? During what era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? What instrument did Chopin primarily write for? Where was Chopin born? How old was Popper when he left Poland? When was Chopin born? During what era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? Where was Chopin born? What instrument did Chopin primarily write for? How old was Popper when he left Poland? When did Chopin die? Who was Frédéric François Chopin's father? What instrument did Chopin primarily write for? During what era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? When was Chopin born? Where was Chopin born? How old was Popper when he left Poland? What era was Chopin a virtuoso pianist? When did Chopin die? How old was Popper when he settled in Paris? How many public performances did he give in his last 18 years? In what year did Napoleon obtain French citizenship? Where did Sand visit in 1838-1939? What was the cause of Napoleon's death? Where did he settle at the age of 21? How many public performances did he give in his last 18 years? Who did Chopin form a friendship with? In what year did Napoleon obtain French citizenship? Who did he fail to engage in a relationship with? How old was Popper when he settled in Paris? How many public performances did he give in his last 18 years? In what year did Napoleon obtain French citizenship? Who supported Napoleon in his last years? In what year did Napoleon obtain French citizenship? Who supported Napoleon in his last years? What was the cause of Napoleon's death? All of Chopin's compositions include what instrument? What concept did Chopin invent? Which classical traditions influenced Popper's compositional style? What were Hayek's own performances noted for? Where was he a frequent guest? All of Chopin's compositions include what instrument? What concept did Chopin invent? What were Hayek's own performances noted for? Which classical traditions influenced Popper's compositional style? What language were some of Hayek's songs written to? All of Chopin's compositions include what instrument? What language were some of Hayek's songs written to? What were Hayek's own performances noted for? Which classical traditions influenced Popper's compositional style? All of Chopin's compositions include what instrument? What language were some of Hayek's songs written to? Where was he a frequent guest? What type of association did Chopin have with political insurrection? What two things have made Chopin a leading symbol of the Romantic era? Chopin's public consciousness has made him a leading symbol of what era? What are some of Popper's works considered to have been the subject of? Where did Chopin compose most of his works? Where was Chopin from? Chopin's association with what has made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era? Chopin's public consciousness has made him a leading symbol of what era? Where did Chopin compose most of his works? Chopin's association with what has made him a leading symbol of the Romantic era? Chopin's public consciousness has made him a leading symbol of what era? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? What is his birthday on the parish baptismal record? What was the birthdate of the composer and his family? What Latin form does the parish baptismal record give his name? How many miles was Chopin from Warsaw? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? What is his birthday on the parish baptismal record? What was the birthdate of the composer and his family? What Latin form does the parish baptismal record give his name? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? What is his birthday on the parish baptismal record? What was the birthdate of the composer and his family? What Latin form does the parish baptismal record give his name? Where was Fryderyk Chopin born? Who established the Duchy of Warsaw? Who did Nicolas marry in 1806? When was Fryderyk baptized? What aristocracy did Nicolas tutor? Who was Fryderyk's father? Where was Nicolas Chopin from? Who did Nicolas marry in 1806? Who was Napoleon's godfather? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? Who was Fryderyk's father? Where was Nicolas Chopin from? Who was Fryderyk's elder sister? When did Fryderyk's family move to Warsaw? What language did Fryderyk's father teach at the Warsaw Lyceum? Where did Fryderyk live with his family? What instruments did Chopin's father play? What was Chopin prone to in early childhood? When did Fryderyk's family move to Warsaw? Where did Fryderyk's father teach French? What instruments did Chopin's father play? What instrument did Chopin's mother play? How long after Fryderyk's birth did the family move to Warsaw? What language did Fryderyk's father teach at the Warsaw Lyceum? What instruments did Chopin's father play? What instrument did Chopin's mother play? Where was Fryderyk's family housed? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who played duets with her brother? How old was Fryderyk when he composed two polonaises? How many polonaises did Fryderyk compose in 1817? What is ywny's earliest surviving musical manuscript? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who played duets with her brother? How old was Fryderyk when he composed two polonaises? When did Fryderyk compose two polonaises? When did Wojciech ywny teach Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? Who played duets with her brother? How old was Fryderyk when he composed two polonaises? Who was Fryderyk's first professional music tutor? When was the Saxon Palace requisitioned for military use? The Kazimierz Palace is now the rectorate of what university? Where was the Warsaw Lyceum reestablished? Where was Fryderyk sometimes invited as playmate to Grand Duke Constantine? What was the name of Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz's dramatic eclogue? When was the Saxon Palace requisitioned for military use? Where was the Warsaw Lyceum reestablished? Who was the ruler of Russian Poland? What did Fryderyk compose for the Duke? Who wrote the dramatic eclogue "Nasze Przebiegi"? Where was Fryderyk sometimes invited as playmate to Grand Duke Constantine? Who was the ruler of Russian Poland? What did Fryderyk compose for the Duke? Who wrote the dramatic eclogue "Nasze Przebiegi"? When did Chopin attend the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer who taught Popper a three year course at the Warsaw Conservatory? What was the name of the mechanical organ invented by the inventors of the organ? Who was invited to give a recital on the violin for the Tsar? When did Chopin perform his Rondo Op? Who taught Chopin organ at the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer who taught Popper a three year course at the Warsaw Conservatory? What was the name of the mechanical organ invented by the inventors of the organ? What did Tsar Alexander I present him with when he was visiting Warsaw? What did Chopin perform at an eolomelodicon concert in 1825? Who taught Chopin organ at the Warsaw Lyceum? Who was the Silesian composer who taught Popper a three year course at the Warsaw Conservatory? What was the name of the mechanical organ invented by the inventors of the organ? What did the Tsar give Chopin for his eolomelodicon concert? What was the first of Chopin's works to be commercially published? Who was the father of a schoolmate? Where was Chopin a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski? Who did Szafarnia Courier amuse with his spoofing of Warsaw newspapers? What did Szafarnia Courier's family spoof? Who was the father of a schoolmate? What type of music did he first encounter? Who was the father of a schoolmate? What was the title of Popper's letters from Szafarnia? Where was Chopin a guest of Dominik Dziewanowski? When did Chopin's family move from the Warsaw University building to the Krasiski Palace? Where was the Krasiski Palace located? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What was the name of the boarding house where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830? Who painted the first known portrait of Chopin? When did Chopin's family move from the Warsaw University building to the Krasiski Palace? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What did Chopin's parents run? Who painted the first known portrait of Chopin? Who was Chopin's youngest sister? When did Chopin leave Warsaw? What was the name of the boarding house where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830? Who painted the first known portrait of Chopin? For whom did Chopin's parents run their boarding house? Which two boarders became Chopin's intimates? What singing student was Popper attracted to? Who were the four boarders that became Chopin's intimates? What singing student was Popper attracted to? Which of Woyciechowski's works was secretly dedicated to her? When was Popper's final Conservatory report published? Which two boarders became Chopin's intimates? What singing student was Popper attracted to? Who was one of Chopin's intimates? Which of Woyciechowski's works was secretly dedicated to her? How many boarders became Chopin's intimates? Who was Chopin's family friend? Who directed the operas Chopin visited with Feliks Jarocki? Who was the governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen in 1829? What did the prince and Wanda compose for him? When did Chopin visit Berlin? Who was Chopin's family friend? Who directed the operas Chopin visited with Feliks Jarocki? Who was the governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen in 1829? What did the prince and Wanda compose for him? In what year did Chopin visit Berlin? Who was Chopin's family friend? What was the profession of Feliks Jarocki? Who directed the operas Chopin visited with Feliks Jarocki? In what year did he visit Prince Antoni Radziwi? What was the name of the set of variations Chopin composed after hearing Niccol Paganini play the violin? In what month did Popper make his debut in Vienna? How many piano concerts did Chopin give? What was the date of his death? What was the name of the set of variations Chopin composed after hearing Niccol Paganini play the violin? Where did he make his debut? What did he premiere on March 17, 1830? When did he return to Warsaw? What did Chopin say he was too delicate for? Who did Chopin hear play the violin in Warsaw? Where did he make his debut? How many piano concerts did Chopin give? How many weeks after completing his studies at the Warsaw Conservatory did he make his debut in Vienna? When did Chopin enter western Europe? Where did he go with Woyciechowski? In what year did Chopin enter western Europe? Who said Chopin set out into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever? Who said Chopin set out into the wide world, with no very clearly defined aim, forever? Who was the only person who was able to get to the end of the war? What country did Woyciechowski intend to go to? What event broke out in Warsaw in 1830? Chopin's successes as a composer and performer opened the door to what for him? Who was the only person who was able to get to the end of the war? In what year did Chopin enter western Europe? What did Chopin write to a friend in 1831? In what year did Napoleon learn that the uprising had been crushed? Chopin was one of many expatriates of what? What version of his given names did Napoleon use in France? When did Napoleon receive French citizenship? What did Chopin remain close to his fellow Poles in exile as? Chopin was one of many expatriates of what nationality? When did Chopin arrive in Paris? Chopin was one of many expatriates of what? When did Napoleon receive French citizenship? Who is Chopin's biographer? Where did Chopin never return to after arriving in Paris? Where did Napoleon use the French versions of his given names? What version of his given names did Napoleon use in France? Who is Chopin's biographer? Chopin was one of many expatriates of what? Where did Chopin meet artists and other distinguished figures? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? What did Adam Mickiewicz set some of Chopin's verses as? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? Who did he become acquainted with during his years in Paris? Who was the principal of the Polish Literary Society? Who was Adam Mickiewicz? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Who acted as Chopin's adviser? What role did Albert Grzymaa play in Chopin's life? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? What was the nationality of Chopin's friends in Paris? Where did Julian Fontana initially try to establish himself? Where did Julian Fontana initially try to establish himself? Who acted as Chopin's adviser? Who acted as Chopin's adviser? Who was Chopin's fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory? Where was Julian Fontana a student? Who endorsed Chopin at the end of 1831? When did Chopin give his first concert in Paris? What technique did Chopin use that was not optimal for large concert spaces? Who did Hayek no longer depend on financially? Who endorsed Chopin at the end of 1831? When did Chopin give his first concert in Paris? Whose banking family introduced Popper to private salons? In what year did Robert Schumann endorse Chopin's Op? What technique did Chopin find not optimal for large concert spaces? What did Popper do in the winter of 1832? Where did Montini prefer to play? On what instrument did Chopin, Liszt and Hiller perform a concerto by J.S. Bach? Where did he give his first annual concert? Chopin was involved in the composition of what Liszt work? Who arranged for Chopin's music to be published in Germany and England? Who was Chopin's pupil? Where did Montini play for small groups of friends? Who performed a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards? Who arranged for Chopin's music to be published in Germany and England? Who did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? What did Mendelssohn do at his piano? Who was the director of the Academy of Art? Where did Chopin go in 1835? Where did Chopin meet Felix Mendelssohn? Who did Chopin attend the Lower Rhenish Music Festival with? Where did Chopin go in 1835? When did Chopin travel to Marienbad and Dresden? Who was Maria's mother? Who did Chopin meet at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival? Where was Mendelssohn appointed musical director? What was Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow's job title? What was the name of Elizabeth's daughter? Who was Chopin's friend in 1831? Who were some of the people that I was curious about? Who did Chopin first meet after arriving in Paris? When did Chopin make his Parisian debut? Who was Chopin's friend in 1831? Where did Chopin make his Parisian debut? Where did Chopin live in Paris? How far away was Liszt from Paris? How many times did Queen perform together between 1833 and 1841? Who was Berlioz's wife? Where was the charity concert for the Beethoven Memorial held? When did Hector Berlioz perform at a benefit concert for Harriet Smithson? What charity concert did Queen and Prince Albert last appear in public for in 1841? Where was the charity concert for the Beethoven Memorial held? Where did Liszt live? How many times did Queen perform together between 1833 and 1841? Who was Berlioz's wife? What type of relationship did Eisenhower and Eisenhower have? What qualities of Liszt's did Schonberg think Chopin became enchanted with? What did Chopin have to do when Liszt performed one of his nocturnes? What did Chopin still refer to him as in his letters dated as late as 1848? What Chopin piece did Liszt dedicate to Hiller? Who was Liszt's mistress? Who did Harold C. Schonberg think Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite" towards? Who did Harold C. Schonberg think Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite" towards? Who was Liszt's mistress? Who did the composer write to to rob him of the way he plays his studies? Who did Chopin become concerned about Liszt's relationship with? Who hosted Chopin's party in 1836? What did Chopin write in Polish on the letters from Maria and her mother? Who did Sand write to in June 1838? Who did Chopin meet at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult? What is thought to have influenced Victoria? What did Chopin write in Polish on the letters from Maria and her mother? Who hosted Chopin's party in 1836? When did Maria Wodziska's mother make it clear that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed? What did Chopin write in Polish on the letters from Maria and her mother? Who did Sand write to in June 1838? Where did Chopin visit incognito? How did Napoleon's relationship with Sand begin when he returned to Paris? How many years older was Sand than the composer? What type of winter did Chopin and Mallefille spend on Majorca? Where was the former Carthusian monastery located? Who was the piano manufacturer that Chopin visited in June 1837? What was James Broadwood's profession? How old was Sand? Who was Sand's former lover? Where did the group take lodgings in Valldemossa? When did he and Sand become lovers? Where did Chopin and Mallefille spend their winter? Who was with Chopin when he traveled to Majorca? Who was Sand's former lover? Where did the group take lodgings in Valldemossa? How many doctors visited Chopin? What instrument did Feynman have trouble getting sent to him? What was the condition of the piano when it arrived in Palma? On what date did Chopin complain about the doctors in Majorca? When did Chopin complain about the doctors in Majorca? What did Chopin complain about? What did Hayek have problems getting sent to him? When did Chopin complain about the doctors in Majorca? What piano did Hayek have trouble getting sent to him? What had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand decided to leave the island? Who did Sand sell the piano to to avoid further customs duties? Where did the group stay while Chopin convalesced? Where was Sand's estate located? Where did he and Sand move in 1842? Who did Sand sell the piano to? Where did the group stay while Chopin convalesced? Where was Sand's estate located? Where was Chopin's apartment? Where did he and Sand move in 1842? What had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand decided to leave the island? Who did Sand sell the piano to? Where did the group stay while Chopin convalesced? Where did he and Sand move in 1842? Where was Sand's estate located? Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of what? Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale to commemorate what anniversary of the July Revolution? Whose funeral did Chopin play a transcription of Franz Schubert's Die Gestirne? What instrument did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? What did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? Whose funeral did Chopin play a transcription of Franz Schubert's Die Gestirne? What did Chopin play at the funeral of Adolphe Nourrit? Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of what? What was Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale composed to commemorate? Which of Chopin's works was composed during the summers at Nohant? Who was the mezzo-soprano at Nohant? When did Delacroix write an account of staying at Nohant? What did Chopin advise Delacroix and Pauline Viardot on? Who were two visitors to Nohant? What did Chopin advise Delacroix on? Who was one of Chopin's visitors to Nohant? When did Chopin show signs of serious illness? Who did he write to saying he had to lie in bed all day? Where did Beethoven decline an invitation to perform on March 1, 1843? What instrument did Chopin begin to play for his visitor? Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses, he may also have suffered from what? When did Chopin show signs of serious illness? What was the name of the piece Beethoven refused to perform at Erard's? Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses, he may also have suffered from what? When did Chopin show signs of serious illness? What parts of my body are aching so much? Who invited Beethoven to perform at Erard's on March 1, 1843? Who found Chopin bent like a half-opened penknife? Modern research suggests that apart from any other illnesses, he may also have suffered from what? Who was Solange's fiancé? Chopin was utterly indifferent to Sand's what? What did Sand call Chopin? What was the name of Sand's 1847 novel? When did Sand publish her novel Lucrezia Floriani? When did Chopin's relations with Sand become soured? Who was Solange's fiancé? What was the name of Sand's 1847 novel? Who was Chopin's fiancé? Sand became more of a what to Chopin? What was the name of Sand's 1847 novel? When did Sand publish her novel Lucrezia Floriani? What was the only piece he wrote in 1844? How did Zamoyski's compositions compare to his earlier works? How many works did Popper write in 1841? How many shorter pieces did Popper write in 1843? What was the only piece he wrote in 1844? How many shorter pieces did Popper write in 1843? How many shorter pieces did Popper write in 1843? How many mazurkas were completed in 1845? When did he give his last Paris concert? Who was the cellist at the last Paris concert of Popper? When did he give his last Paris concert? Who was the cellist at the last Paris concert of Popper? What did Chopin's waning popularity cause him to do? Who was the cellist at the last Paris concert of Popper? What type of Sonata Op did he play in his last Paris concert? Who produced the documentary Chopin - The Women Behind The Music? Who made the documentary Chopin - The Women Behind The Music? What was the name of the BBC documentary that covered Chopin's life? Who produced the documentary Chopin - The Women Behind The Music? What BBC documentary covered Chopin's life? Who made the documentary Chopin - The Women Behind The Music? Who made the documentary Chopin - The Women Behind The Music? What 1945 biographical film earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination? Who played the composer in A Song to Remember? When was La valse de l'adieu made? Who starred as Chopin in Impromptu? Who did Chopin have a relationship with? What 1945 biographical film earned Cornel Wilde an Academy Award nomination? Who played the composer in A Song to Remember? Who played Chopin in La valse de l'adieu? Who starred as Chopin in Impromptu? When was Chopin produced? Where was Chopin produced? Who wrote Chopin? Whose work was the first to be fictionalized? What was the first fictional treatment of Chopin's life? Who wrote Chopin? When was Chopin produced? Where was Chopin produced? Who wrote a sonnet on Chopin in 1830? Who are two French writers on Chopin? What did Leon Ulrich write on Chopin in 1830? What was the earliest manifestation of the symphony? In what year was the earliest manifestation of Chopin? In what language are many biographies of Chopin written? How often is the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin held? What event does the Warsaw Chopin Society organize? Who recommended performances by Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini, and Krystian Zimerman? Who organizes the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin? How often is the Grand Prix du disque de F. Chopin held? Who recommended performances by Martha Argerich, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emanuel Ax, Evgeny Kissin, Murray Perahia, Maurizio Pollini, and Krystian Zimerman? When was the earliest recording of the Nocturne in E major Op? What was Paul Pabst's earliest recording? Who performed the Nocturne in E major Op in 1895? Who notes that Hopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era? When was the earliest recording of the Nocturne in E major Op? Who gave a discography of Chopin's works by pianists? What is the world's oldest monographic music competition? When was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded? Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held? How often is the International Chopin Piano Competition held? How many performances of Chopin's works were listed on the Chopin Institute site as of January 2014? What is the world's oldest monographic music competition? When was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded? What organization lists over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music? How many performances of Chopin's works are on youtube? What 1909 ballet used Chopin's music? Who choreographed the 1909 ballet Chopiniana? Stravinsky, Lyadov, Taneyev, and Nikolai Tcherepnin commissioned additional orchestrations for what production? Who orchestrated the 1909 ballet Chopiniana? In what year was Chopin's music used in the ballet Chopiniana? What 1909 ballet used Chopin's music? Who choreographed the 1909 ballet Chopiniana? Who orchestrated the ballet Chopiniana? What title did the later productions of Les Sylphides use? Where did he go after the Revolution of 1848? Who suggested a tour of Scotland for Napoleon? Where did he go after the Revolution of 1848? Who suggested that he go on a tour of Scotland? Who suggested a tour of Scotland for Napoleon? What event took place in 1848 in Paris? What nationality was Jane Stirling? Where did Chopin take lodgings in London? Who provided Chopin with a grand piano? Where was Prince Albert's first engagement? Who were in the audience for Prince Albert's first engagement? On what date did he share a platform with Viardot? Where did Chopin take lodgings in London? What did Broadwood provide Chopin at Dover Street? Who were the audience at Chopin's first engagement? What did Chopin charge a high fee for? Who sang mazurkas to Spanish texts? What country did Johnstone Castle belong to? Who was the Polish physician that stayed at 10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh in 1848? What country did Johnstone Castle belong to? Where did he give a public concert on 27 September? What did Napoleon write out in 1848 while staying with the Polish physician Adam yszczyski? When did Chopin make his last public appearance? Where was Chopin's last public appearance? Who did Chopin play for at the Guildhall? What type of stage is a terminal stage? Where did Chopin make his last public appearance? What song did he sometimes play or accompanied for his friends? Where was Napoleon's apartment found? Who was the admirer that secretly subsidised Napoleon's rent? When did Chopin return to Paris? What song did he sometimes play or accompanied for his friends? Where was Napoleon's apartment found? Who secretly subsidised Napoleon's rent in Chaillot? When was he visited by Jenny Lind? When did Napoleon's sister come to Paris? Where did Napoleon take his apartment? Who was Ludwika? Who did Napoleon's sister Ludwika bring to Paris? Who loaned Napoleon an apartment at Place Vendôme 12? What did all the grand Parisian ladies consider to be de rigueur? Why did Chopin request that his body be opened after death? What did he say to his wife? Who made Chopin's death mask? Why did Chopin request that his body be opened after death? What did Clésinger make of Chopin's death mask? What was the cause of Napoleon's death? Who was the leading French authority on tuberculosis? What could put the matter to rest? What was the cause of Napoleon's death? Who was the leading French authority on tuberculosis? What is an example of a condition that can be caused by a lack of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency? Who denied permission for DNA testing? Where was the funeral of Queen Victoria held? How long was the funeral delayed? How many people arrived without invitations from as far as London, Berlin and Vienna? Where was the funeral of Queen Victoria held? How long was the funeral delayed? How many people arrived without invitations from as far as London, Berlin and Vienna? What was sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Who led the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What was played at the graveside? What was sung at the funeral? Who was the organist at the funeral? Where was Chopin's sister Ludwika buried? Who led the funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery? What was played at the graveside? Who sculpted Chopin's tombstone? Who was Chopin's muse of music? How much did Jane Stirling pay for the funeral and monument? Who paid for the funeral and monument? What was the urn preserved in for Chopin's heart? Who designed and sculpted Chopin's tombstone? How much did Jane Stirling pay for the funeral and monument? Who paid for the funeral and monument? Who was Ludwika's mother? Who destroyed the letters that Victoria took from Chopin? How many Chopin works survive? What instrument did Hayek use in all of his known works? How many Chopin works survive? Along with concertos and songs, what type of music does Hayek's work include? Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, and whom? Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, and whom? Which two composers did Hayek cite as the most important in shaping his musical outlook? Along with Beethoven, Mozart, Clementi, and Mozart, what composer did Chopin study? Who invented the nocturne? What was Hayek the first to write as individual concert pieces? What salon genre was created by John Field? What was Hayek the first to write as individual concert pieces? What concept did Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles develop in the 1820s and 1830s? Who developed the concept of the concert étude in the 1820s and 1830s? How many polonaises were published in Napoleon's lifetime? How many polonaises were published posthumously? What was Chopin's name for the mazurek? What are waltzes written for salon recitals? What did Chopin endow popular dance forms with? Where were Chopin's mazurkas written? What did Chopin put on the European musical map? How many polonaises were published posthumously? What were written for the salon recital rather than the ballroom? What is one of Chopin's well-known pieces with a descriptive title? What was the only instrumental work that the composer named? The Funeral March is the third movement of what Sonata? How many times did he give a title to his Sonata No. 2? What is the name of Chopin's well-known piece? What was the name of the song that was performed in the Op. 10, No. 12? What was Chopin's last opus number? Who was the composer's musical executor? How many unpublished piano pieces did Julian Fontana select? How many Polish songs did Chopin write in 1857? What was Chopin's last opus number? Who was the composer's musical executor? In what year was Chopin's Op published? Who was the compiler of the Kobylaska Catalogue? Since what year have works received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers? What have works published since 1857 received instead of opus numbers? What is the standard musicological reference for Chopin's works? What is the initials for the Kobylaska Catalogue? Who is the compiler of the Kobylaska Catalogue? Who wrote the first collected edition of The Times? Who edited the Polish National Edition of Chopin's works? What were Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel? Where did Hayek's works appear in the 19th century? What was the name of the scholarly version of Chopin's works published between 1937 and 1966? Who edited the Polish National Edition of Chopin's works? What stands at the center of Chopin's creative processes? What is Chopin's structural unit? What stands at the center of Chopin's creative processes? Who wrote that improvisation is designed for an audience? What does Rosen think is an important aspect of Chopin's individuality? What is an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody? What two works did Jones say Chopin intended for concert use? What form is Temperley's work based on? What do the mazurkas show more of than many of Hayek's other works? How are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes written? Along with waltzes, what Chopin works are in straightforward ternary form? What type of bass did Popper use in his mazurkas? What is a great rarity in music? Chopin's works are in what kind of time? Along with Zywny, who was Chopin's teacher? What type of rhythm do Chopin's works typically display? What kind of playing technique does a symphony orchestra require? How many nocturnes are there? What do many Chopin nocturnes have middle sections marked by? Who did Chopin meet in 1833? When did Chopin meet Field? Which of Chopin's works is more structured and emotional? What is Chopin's ternary form? Chopin's études are largely in what form? What is Chopin's ternary form? What was J.S. Bach's prelude inspired by? Who suggested that the preludes may have been used as generic preludes to other composers? What was described by Schumann as the beginnings of studies? What was Chopin's prelude inspired by? What were the preludes used for? Who recorded the Prelude Op. in 1922? How many movements are the two mature piano sonatas in? Who said the 58 sonata is worthy of Brahms? How many movements are the two mature piano sonatas in? What movement was found shocking and unmusical by contemporaries? Which of the two piano sonatas was written in 1844? Chord progressions sometimes anticipate the shifting tonality of who? What may have arisen partly from Chopin's keyboard improvisation technique? Who said thatnovel harmonic effects often result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment? What technique did Hayek use to create his style? Who wrote that Chopin is the creator of a school of piano and a school of composition? What was the name of the book in which Popper said "Everything is a matter of knowing good fingering"? Who was J. Barrie Jones' "worthy successor"? What did Chopin use to influence critics? Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher? Who was J. Barrie Jones' "worthy successor"? Who was devoted to the music of Chopin? Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher? Who wrote that Chopin's modern concert performance style militates against what is known as Chopin's more intimate performance technique? What did Chopin avoid in his performances? What is an example of a rigid procedure Chopin avoided? What did the composer say a pupil had to give up about concerts? Who wrote in 1853 that Chopin has created a kind of chromatic embroidery? Who wrote that "What in the hands of others was elegant embellishment, in his hands became a colourful wreath of flowers?" What is Chopin's music often played with? What is rubato? What is Chopin's music often played with? Where are most of the written-out indications of rubato in Chopin found? Who was a pupil of Chopin? Who was a pupil of Chopin? What did he demand the strictest adherence to? What is Chopin credited with introducing to music with his mazurkas and polonaises? When did Schumann write his review of the piano concertos? What country did Schumann have strong feelings for? What event caused Schumann to write a review of the piano concertos in 1836? Who wrote the biography of Chopin? Along with mazurkas, what is Chopin credited with introducing a new sense of nationalism? Who wrote a 1836 review of the piano concertos? What are Chopin's works cannon buried in? Who wrote the biography of Chopin? Who suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from "urbanised" Warsaw versions than from folk music? Who were two Polish composers that utilised polonaise and mazurka forms? Who impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin as patronizing? How did Chopin's music come to him? What did some of the people in the Roman Republic continue to struggle for? Where were the Poles scattered? What did Arthur Hutchings say Byron's lack of? Who were some of Byron's romantic contemporaries? Where did Chopin arrive in 1831? Who said Byron's lack of flamboyance and aristocratic reclusiveness make him exceptional? What suite did Schumann name a piece for him? What did Chopin dedicate to Schumann? How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transcribe for piano? Who was deeply affected by Chopin's death? What qualities were recognized by many of Chopin's fellow musicians? What suite did Schumann name a piece for him? What did Chopin dedicate to Schumann? Whose works can be traced to Chopin's music? Who dedicated his 1915 piano Études to the memory of Chopin? Who did Debussy edit Chopin's piano music for? Who made recordings of Chopin's music? Whose long-standing pupils were Karol Mikuli and Georges Mathias? Who asserted that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet? What was the Ming dynasty known for doing with Tibet? During what time period was the Karma Kagyu school founded? Who was the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school? What school did Deshin Shekpa belong to? What country did Tibetan leaders negotiate with during the Ming dynasty? What did the Tibetans sometimes use against the Ming forays? Who were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama? What was the name of the regime established by the 5th Dalai Lama? When did the Mongol-Tibetan alliance begin? When did the Tibetan Empire collapse? Who signed peace treaties with the Tang? What did the peace treaty between Tibet and the Tang fix? What was once a strong power contemporaneously with Tang China? When was the treaty between Tibet and China signed? When was the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period? When was the Song dynasty? From what dynasty did few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive? Who ruled the Liao dynasty? Who ruled the Jin dynasty? Who was the Mongol ruler in 1207? Who launched an invasion into Tibet after Genghis Khan's death? When was the invasion of Tibet launched? Who launched an invasion into Tibet after Genghis Khan's death? What Mongol prince raided as far as Lhasa? Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism? Who was the regency that Tibet was incorporated into the Mongol Empire? When did Töregene Khatun rule? How many states were ruled by myriarchies? What was the name of the Mongol prince Kublai? Who granted Kublai a large appanage in North China? Who was the 2nd Karmapa Lama? Who did Kublai institute a unique relationship with? When did Kublai Khan conquer the Song dynasty in South China? When was the Yuan dynasty in power? What empire combined Tibet with the whole of China? What did Khubilai claim in the 1260s? Where was the Song dynasty located? When was the Sakya viceregal regime overthrown by the Phagmodru myriarch? Who installed the Sakya viceregal regime? Who overthrew the Sakya viceregal regime in 1358? What was the name of the dynasty that succeeded Changchub Gyaltsen? Who established the Ming dynasty? What revolt toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty? Who established the Ming dynasty? During what time period did the emperor's reign begin? Who did the Hongwu Emperor ask to renew their titles for the new Ming court? Who was the 4th Karmapa Lama? Who was the 4th Karmapa Lama? What was the Hongwu Emperor well aware of? What did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to the court in Nanjing? Who enacted a law that forbade Han Chinese to learn the tenets of Tibetan Buddhism? When did Nanjing rule? Who was the first Ming ruler to seek an extension of relations with Tibet? When was the Qing dynasty in power? When was the History of Ming compiled? What office did the Ming dynasty establish in western Tibet? How many Chiliarchies were in command of 1,000 households? Where was the É-L-S Army-Civilian Marshal Office located? How many Princes of Dharma were appointed by the Ming court? Who was the Phagmodru ruler? Who was the Phagmodru ruler? Who is a former professor of the University of Washington? What country did the History of Ming focus on? Who wrote that Tibet had little diplomatic relations with the Ming? Who supports van Praag's position? Who say that van Praag and Shakabpa's assertions are "fallacies"? Who argue that the Ming emperor sent edicts to Tibet twice in the second year of the Ming dynasty? When did Prince Punala go to Nanjing? What did lamas call themselves? What did the Ming dynasty issue to invite ex-Yuan officials to the court? Who wrote The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama? Who colonized India and New Zealand? What do Wang and Nyima present in their Historical Status of China's Tibet? What was the Yuan dynasty described as? What does the Encyclopedia Americana describe the Yuan dynasty as? What did Tibetologist Thomas Laird dismiss the Yuan dynasty as? Who wrote Kublai Khan: His Life and Times? When did the Yuan dynasty rule? When did Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan reign? What type of market existed between China and Tibet during the Yuan? Who was given higher status than the Han Chinese majority? Who implemented a policy of managing Tibet according to conventions and customs? What position did Choskunskyabs hold? Who governed most areas of Tibet? Where is the China Tibetology Research Center located? Who wrote that the Ming court conferred new positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders? How many households was Qianhu in charge of? How many households was Wanhu in charge of? Who is a Tibetologist? Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to? Who did the ruling lamas send instead of coming themselves? What are the "Dependent States" composed of? Who did the Han Chinese government confer seals to? What title was given to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen? What was Gyaltsen's Tibetan title? What dynasty maintained a Central-local government relation in the later period of the Yuan dynasty? Who say that Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen's Tibetan title "Degsi" is rarely mentioned? Who wrote in his will that he received loving care from the emperor in the east? Whose work did Lok-Ham Chan write about? Who asserts that Changchub Gyaltsen's ambitions were to restore to Tibet the glories of its Imperial Age? Where is Lok-Ham Chan a professor of history? What did Changchub Gyaltsen want to remove? Who did the Hongwu Emperor give the title of "Initiation State Master" to? Who told the Hongwu Emperor that the situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? Who was the second Phagmodru ruler? Who told the Hongwu Emperor that the situation in Dbus and Gtsang was under control? Where did Sagya Gyaincain send his envoys? Who lost its centralizing power over Tibet in 1434? When did the Phagmodrupa lose its centralizing power over Tibet? When did the 5th Dalai Lama establish effective hegemony over Tibet? What did other families fail to establish after the Phagmodrupa lost its centralizing power over Tibet? What school did the Ming dynasty grant titles to? The Karmapa Kargyu had previously declined invitations from whom to receive titles? Who was the founder of the Gelug school? Who invited Je Tsongkhapa to come to the Ming court to pay tribute? Who was the founder of the Gelug school? When was the first request by the Ming made? When did the Ming send a second embassy to China? Who did Tsongkhapa send to Nanjing in 1414? When was Chosrje Shkya Yeshes sent to Nanjing? Who argues that modern Chinese Communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the Ming reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet? Who did the Ming appoint titles to? What did the Ming not send to replace the Mongols? The alliances with eastern Tibetan principalities are evidence that the Ming ruled what? Who did the Yongle Emperor send into Tibet to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes? Where did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao? When did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet? Why did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Yang Sanbao into Tibet? Why did the Yongle Emperor pay a small fortune in return for tributes? Who did the Gelug send missions to? When did the Gelug send missions to the Ming court? Where was the Gelug not mentioned? Who did the Ming court grant titles to regardless of their sectarian affiliations? Who overthrew the Sakya regime? Who wrote that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? When did the Rinpungpa rule? Who wrote that the Ming had no real administrative authority over Tibet? When did the Tsangpa rule? When did the Yongle Emperor rule? Who aided the Yongle Emperor in his usurpation of the throne from the Jianwen Emperor? Who was the father of the Yongle Emperor? When did the Yongle Emperor invite Deshin Shekpa to his court? Who did the Yongle Emperor send to Tibet to seek out the Karmapa? Why did the Yongle Emperor send his eunuch Hou Xian to Tibet? When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing? How did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang travel to Lhasa? When did Deshin Shekpa begin his travels to Nanjing? Deshin Shekpa was induced by the Ming court to visit what city by April 10, 1407? Who did the Yongle Emperor greet? Who would sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric? Who showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa? Where did the Emperor preside over religious ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents? Where was the Linggu Temple located? What title was Deshin Shekpa given by the Yongle Emperor? Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to grant the title? Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade to not impose military power on Tibet? Hok-Lam Chan states that Deshin Skekpa was invited strictly for what purpose? What did the Yongle Emperor plan to do before the Karmapa returned to Tibet? Why did the Yongle Emperor plan to send a military force into Tibet? Who persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose military power on Tibet? Who was the previous Yongle Emperor? Whose miracles were a legitimizing tool for the emperor's problematic succession to the throne? What did Marsha Weidner say was a legitimizing tool for the emperor's problematic succession to the throne? Who has failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship? What type of artifacts were used in the memorial? Who wrote that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet? During what time period did he write to the Karmapa? Who preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor? Who was the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor addressed to? Who was the Karmapa? When was the edict of the Zhengtong Emperor written? Who did the Ming court cut off all relations with in 1446? When did the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs? When did Deshin Shekpa die? Who did the Ming court cut off all relations with in 1446? Why did the Yongle Emperor build trading posts on the Yangzi and Mekong Rivers? What did the Yongle Emperor want to trade with Tibet? What did the trade route pass through Why did the Ming court establish diplomatic delegations with Tibet? What type of workshops were used in the Tibetan market during the Ming dynasty? What type of iconography was featured in the furnishings of silk workshops during the Ming? Who established diplomatic delegations with Tibet? How were horses collected from Tibet? Who did the Ming dynasty trade horses with? Who persuaded the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573? What did Altan Khan overthrow over the steppes? Who traded horses with Tibet? Who persuaded the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573? When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force to quell unrest in Tibet? When was the Marquis Mu Ying commissioned to quell the unrest? How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying allegedly capture by October 1379? How many domesticated animals did Mu Ying allegedly capture? Who was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390? What was the focus of the mid Ming dynasty's strategy? Who used the Ordos region as a rallying base to stage raids into Ming China? Where did the Mongols raid? What was the Ming court's patronage of high Tibetan lamas supposed to do? What policy did the Ming uphold towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet? When did the Ming uphold a "divide-and-rule" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet? Who did the Yongle Emperor fail to build a strong relationship with? Who did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to? Who were the Rinpungpa leaders relatives of? When did the prince of Rinbung occupy Lhasa? What did the prince of Rinbung exclude the Gelug from attending? When did the Phagmodru ruler capture Lhasa? When did Mikyö Dorje live in Lhasa? What did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy at court? Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama who occupied Lhasa? Who were of the view that Tibet was not annexed by China until the Manchu Qing dynasty invaded during the 18th century? Who had no control over Tibet? When did Tibet become part of China? When did the Manchu Qing dynasty invade Tibet? During what dynasty did Tibet become an organic part of China? Who was Tibet subject to during the Qing dynasty? Who upheld a "mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron"? Who assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state? Where is Klieger from? Who installed the Sakya regime? What was the relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism? When was Tibet incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China? Who inherited the right to rule Tibet from the Yuan dynasty? When was China Daily founded? Who inherited the right to rule Tibet from the Yuan dynasty? Who is Tibet under jurisdiction of? When did the Ming court sponsor Daoism? What ideology was fully sponsored at the Ming court? Who discontinued their trips to Ming China? Who was determined to break the eunuch influence at court? Who was determined to break the eunuch influence at court? Whose ascension led to the Neo-Confucian establishment rejecting the Portuguese embassy of Ferno Pires de Andrade? Who did the politics at court shift in favor of after Zhengde's death and Jiajing's ascension? What did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject? What did the Neo-Confucian establishment have an animosity towards? Whose ascension led to the Neo-Confucian establishment rejecting the Portuguese embassy of Ferno Pires de Andrade? Where did the Tumed Mongols move into? Where did the Tumed Mongols raid? What frontier did the Tumed Mongols raid? When did Altan Khan make peace with the Ming dynasty? Who did Altan Khan invite to meet him in 1578? What did Altan Khan abolish? Who was coerced by Altan to convert to Gelug Buddhism? What did the Mongol princes face if they converted to Gelug Buddhism? Who did the Mongol princes request to bestow titles on them? Why did Mongol princes request the Dalai Lama to bestow titles on them? Who was Altan Khan's nominal superior? Who was the 4th Dalai Lama? Who was the first to wield effective political control over Tibet? When did the 5th Dalai Lama gain effective political control over Tibet? Who departed for Tibet after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan? Who granted the title of Sonam Gyatso? Who was the Ming Chinese official? Who was the Ming Chinese official? Where did Sonam Gyatso die? Which Dalai Lama was allowed to pay tribute to the Ming dynasty? What did the Ming dynasty allow the third Dalai Lama to do? What title was Sonam Gyatso granted in 1587? Who did the Qing emperor grant an honorific title to in 1653? Who did the Qing dynasty grant an honorific title to in 1713? What title was Yonten Gyatso given by the Wanli Emperor in 1616? Who was the fourth Dalai Lama? When was the fourth Dalai Lama granted the title of Master of Vajradhara? Who was the fourth Dalai Lama? What happened to Yonten Gyatso before he was able to travel to Beijing? Who pounced on the chance to reclaim their old vassal of Tibet? What did the Mongols want to reclaim? When did a Mongol leader conquer Tibet? Who was not concerned for Tibet? In what year did Karma Tseten overthrow the Rinbung princes? Who was the second successor of the first Tsang king? When did Karma Phuntsok Namgyal reign? Who did the Ü-Tsang king ally with? Who refused to give an audience to the Ü-Tsang king? Who was the leader of the Oirat Mongols? What role did Güshi Khan accept? What did the Ü-Tsang ruler threaten to destroy again? Along with the Kham, where did Güshi Khan resettle his entire tribe? In what year did the Ü-Tsang forces surrender Shigatse? Who did Güshi Khan present as a gift to the Dalai Lama? What did Gyatso present as a gift to the Dalai Lama? Who did Gyatso present his conquest of Tibet as a gift to? Who did Güshi Khan confer the governing authority to? Who organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso? Who took over the Chinese Ming dynasty in 1644? Who accepted a Manchu invitation in 1640 to send envoys to their capital at Mukden? Who treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of Tibet? Who attempted to spread their territory from Xinjiang into Tibet? Who occupied Lhasa in 1720? When did Kangxi occupy Lhasa? When was a protectorate and permanent Qing dynasty garrison established in Tibet? When was the Qing dynasty garrison established in Tibet? Who designed and marketed the iPod? When was the first line of iTunes released? How many current versions of the iPod are there? What is the iPod? What type of iPod Touch is the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle? When was the first line of iTunes released? Who designed and marketed the iPod? How many months after the Macintosh version was released was the first line of iTunes released? What is the name of the ultra-compact iPod? What year were the most recent iPod redesigns announced? iPods can serve as what kind of external device? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity of the iPod Touch? What iPod model has a storage capacity of 2 GB? What iPod model has a storage capacity of 128 GB? What is the storage capacity for the iPod Shuffle? What is the storage capacity of the iPod Touch? What is the name of Apple's software that can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? What operating systems are used to support iTunes? What is the name of Apple's software that can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, games, contact information, e-mail settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars? Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with which iPh? The iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPad and what other device? What was the first release of the iPod branding? In what year did the iPhone sales overtake the iPod? What apps are standardized across all iOS powered products? What processor did the sixth generation iPod Touch have? What generation of iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements? What generation of iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements? In what year was a new model of the iPod Touch announced? What processor did the sixth generation iPod Touch have? In mid-201, how many new iPod Touch models were announced by Apple? When was the iPod released? When did sales of the iPod stop being slow? Who was Apple's hardware engineering chief? What was the aesthetic inspired by? How big was the hard drive on the Macintosh Pro? When was the iPod released? How big was the hard drive on the Macintosh Pro? What was the name of the Walkman product of the twenty-first century? Who was Apple's hardware engineering chief? What disk drive did Rubinstein discover when meeting with an Apple supplier in Japan? What company helped Apple design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs? What font was replaced with Espy Sans on the iPod Mini? In what year was the sixth-generation iPod Classic introduced? What font did Apple change the interface to with the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano? Who was under the direct supervision of Pixo? What program did Apple use to develop the iPod software? What font did Apple change the interface to with the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano? When did Apple present a special edition for iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2? What Irish rock band did Apple present a special edition for iPod 5G in 2006? What was the color of the coat of arms? What was included in the special edition of U2's album? What Irish rock band did Apple present a special edition for iPod 5G in 2006? What was the color of the coat of arms? When did Apple present a special edition for iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2? What patent holding company did Apple file a lawsuit with in 2007? Which artist applied for a patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981? Where did Kane Kramer apply for a patent for his design of a "plastic music box"? When did Kane Kramer apply for a UK patent for his design of a "plastic music box"? What was the name of Kane Kramer's music box? What patent holding company did Apple file a lawsuit with in 2007? What was the name of Kane Kramer's music box? Which artist applied for a patent for his design of a "plastic music box" in 1981? Who proposed the name iPod? What was Vinnie Chieco's occupation? What movie did Chieco think of when he saw the prototype? Who originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the USPTO? When did Grasso assign the trademark to Apple Computer, Inc.? What movie did Chieco think of when he saw the prototype? Who proposed the name iPod? Who originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the USPTO? When were new color schemes for all of the current iPod models spotted in the latest version of iTunes? Who found the leaked photos? What is the latest version of iTunes? What is the latest version of iTunes? Who found the leaked photos? What did the third generation iPod have? What type of headphones reduces the problem? What is an example of a high-impedance load? What did the third generation iPod have a weak response to? What is a high-pass filter? Along with R&B, Rock, Acoustic and Booster, what EQ setting caused distortion on bass instruments? What are some EQ settings? What is the term for distortion on bass instruments? In what year was the EQ sound settings on all iPods released? What are some EQ settings? Why did Apple introduce a user-configurable volume limit on the fifth-generation iPod? In what market is the maximum volume output limited to 100 dB? What is the maximum volume output level of the sixth-generation iPod? Apple had to remove iPods from shelves in what country? What is the maximum volume output level of the sixth-generation iPod? Apple had to remove iPods from shelves in what country? What connection was originally used to update songs or recharge the battery? What was included with the first four generations of the PS3? What connection was originally used to update songs or recharge the battery? What generation of the Macintosh included a 30-pin dock connector? What allows for FireWire or USB connectivity? What was the fifth generation of the iPod Classic? What generation of iPod Nano has FireWire charging ability been removed? What type of phone connector does the iPod Shuffle use? What generation of the Macintosh included a 30-pin dock connector? What iPod uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector? Along with USB connectivity, what type of connectivity did the third generation of the Macintosh include? Along with FireWire, what type of connectivity did the third generation of the Macintosh include a 30-pin dock connector? What is the name of the iPod accessory that Apple discontinued? Who manufactures the iPod Hi-Fi? What allowed the iPod to connect to accessories? What does Apple have to do to implement the dock connector interface? Belkin and Griffin are what? What is the name of the iPod accessory that Apple discontinued? What was the name of the new 8-pin dock connector introduced by Apple? What is the name of the seventh generation iPod? How many pins was the older dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads? How many pins does the Lightning dock connector have? Apple Lightning cables have pins on what side of the plug? What was the name of the new 8-pin dock connector introduced by Apple? What generation of iPod Touch features Lightning? What is an example of a device made by Apple? What unique feature does the iPod Camera Connector have? What were some of the first accessory manufacturers? Audio/visual cables are used for what connection? What company has a unique feature for the iPod Camera Connector? Who makes the iPod Hi-Fi? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? When did Apple announce that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands? Which car has standard iPod connectivity? Who released the first iPod automobile interface? Which car has standard iPod connectivity? Which independent stereo manufacturers have iPod-specific integration solutions? What type of transmitter is the iTrip? What is an alternative connection method to the cassette deck or the CD changer port? What is the iTrip? What is an alternative connection method to the cassette deck or the CD changer port? Which airlines agreed to install iPod seat connections in mid-2007? On what will passengers be able to view video and music libraries? Which airlines were originally reported to be part of the deal with Apple? Which airlines agreed to install iPod seat connections in mid-2007? When did four major airlines reach agreements to install iPod seat connections? What is the name of the audio file format that the iPod line can play? What introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats? What audio format does Apple not support? What does DRM stand for? What operating system did iPod software originally only work with? What are some audio file formats that the iPod line can play? What introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats? How many host computers is an iPod associated with during installation? Where can song ratings be set on an iPod and synchronized later? What is an iPod associated with during installation? How many buttons do all iPods have? The later generations of iPods have the buttons integrated into what? What does the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle have a small control on? What type of screen does the iPod Touch have? The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of what other device? How many buttons do all iPods have? What is the name of the 3rd-generation iPod? The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of what other device? When was the iTunes Store introduced? What is the name of the online media store run by Apple? When did Apple announce the sale of videos through the store? When did full length movies become available? When was the iTunes Store introduced? In what year did Apple announce the sale of videos through the store? When did full-length movies become available? What format were audio files purchased in at the time of the store's introduction? How many authorized computers could play the files? What category did EMI begin selling DRM-free songs in? When did Apple announce that DRM had been removed from 80% of the music catalog? When did Apple announce that DRM would be removed from all music? What format were audio files purchased in at the time of the store's introduction? What DRM system was the AAC format based on? What category did EMI begin selling DRM-free songs in? In what year did Apple announce that DRM had been removed from 80% of the music catalog? What are two examples of music stores? What can't play music files from competing music stores? What technology does Microsoft's protected WMA and RealNetworks' Helix DRM use? Who decided not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? Universal decided not to renew their contract with what store on July 3, 2007? In what year did Universal decide not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store? What was the name of Apple's Media Event? When did Apple debut the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? In what year did Apple debut the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store? Along with an iPod Touch, what device can users access the Music Store from? Video games are playable on various versions of what? What game was included as an easter egg hidden feature on the original iPod? Who was Apple's co-founder? What games were added to the iPod in later revisions? What did Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak call the game Brick on the original iPod? What game was included as an easter egg hidden feature on the original iPod? What games were added to the iPod in later revisions? In what year did the iTunes Store begin to offer additional games for purchase? What was the name of the iPod compatible with the fifth generation iPod? On what generation of iPod does this game work on? On what generation of iPod is the iPod Nano based? In what year did the iTunes Store begin to offer additional games for purchase? What generation of iPod was iTunes 7 compatible with? What companies are making games for the iPod? Apple's MP3 player has taken steps to enter what market? Which video game magazines have reviewed and rated most of their games? What are the games in the form of? What are the.ipg files in disguise? What does SDK stand for? Apps produced with the iPhone SDK are only compatible with what operating system on the iPod Touch and iPhone? What are the games in the form of? Apps produced with the iPhone SDK are only compatible with what two devices? Has Apple released a software development kit for iPod-specific development? What application is used to transfer media to an iPod? What type of applications are available on a number of different platforms? What application is used to transfer media to an iPod? What type of protected media is required to transfer purchased media from an iPod to a computer? What version of iTunes can transfer purchased media from an iPod to a computer? How are media files stored on an iPod? On what operating system can hidden content be accessed? How can media files be recovered from an iPod? When did Apple face two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line? What did Apple face two lawsuits claiming by the iPod line and its associated technologies? Which online music stores are defendants in the case? Whose patent did Pat-rights claim Apple's FairPlay technology breached? Which company claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox"? What technology breached a patent issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse? What did Apple want to patent on the iPod interface? When did Apple's application for a patent on rotational user inputs receive a third rejection? What company was one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market? What was the name of Creative Technology's patent on the music selection interface used by the iPod line? Who did Creative ask to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States? What did Apple want to patent on the iPod interface? What company was one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market? When did Apple and Creative reach a settlement? How much did Apple pay to Creative for a paid-up license? What program did Creative join to produce iPod accessories? How much did Apple pay to Creative for a paid-up license? What program did Creative join to produce iPod accessories? How much of the US market does the iPod line have for hard drive-based players? What year did the iPod line dominate digital music player sales in the United States? What was the market share of the iPod in January 2007? What website reported that the iPod market share reached 72.7% in January 2007? How much of the US market does the iPod line have for hard drive-based players? How much of the market does the iPod line have for all types of players? What was Dell's market share in July 2005? When did Hewlett-Packard announce that they would sell HP-branded iPods? Who announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple? What retail store was used to sell iPods? What percentage of all iPod sales were made up of iPods at Wal-Mart? Why did HP stop selling iPods? What is another name for Hewlett-Packard? How many iPods did Apple sell in 2007? How much of Apple's second quarter revenue came from iPod sales? What other Apple product are some industry analysts suggesting that iPod users are likely to purchase? What was Apple's second quarter revenue in April 2007? In what year was Apple's one-hundred millionth iPod announced? How much of Apple's second quarter revenue came from iPod sales? What was Apple's quarterly revenue in 2007? How much of Apple's revenue came from desktop sales? How much money did Apple make in profits in 2007? How much cash did Apple have at the end of the fiscal year 2007? How much money did Apple make in profits in 2007? When did Apple report its best quarter revenue and earnings? What was Apple's net quarterly profit? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from notebook sales? What percentage of Apple's revenue came from iPod sales in the first fiscal quarter of 2008? Who was Apple's CFO in June 2009? In what year did Phil Schiller give the keynote presentation at the Apple Event? What percentage of total revenue for fiscal quarter 4 of year 2008 came from iPods? What was the total sales of iPods at the Apple Event? In what year was a new model of the iPod not introduced to the market? Where did iPod rank as a computer product in 2006? What type of reviews do iPods often receive? What phones play AAC files rather than WMA? What format do phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia play AAC files rather than? Who says the iPod line has altered the landscape for portable audio players? What phones play AAC files rather than WMA? Who says the iPod line has altered the landscape for portable audio players? What type of device has the iPod been accepted as? What has the iPod been used as a delivery mechanism for? What hospitals use iPods to train new staff? Where are the Royal and Western Infirmaries located? What university provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004? What magazine put the song on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list? What university provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004? What magazine put the song on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list? The iPod's popularization of digital music storage hastened the end of what era in popular music? The iPod has been credited with accelerating shifts within what industry? The iPod's popularization of what allows users to abandon listening to entire albums? The iPod's popularization of digital music storage hastened the end of what era in popular music? How many hours of music playback is the fifth generation 30 GB iPod advertised to have? Who reported that a writer for MP3.com got less than 8 hours from an iPod? In what year were class action lawsuits brought against Apple? What is different from the real-world achievable life on most models? What is the average amount of time a writer gets from an iPod? Whose instructions have some users been able to follow to open the case themselves? What was the cost of a new iPod compared to a brand new one? What type of batteries lose capacity during their lifetime even when not in use? What is not designed to be removed or replaced by the user? What type of batteries lose capacity during their lifetime even when not in use? What did Apple announce on November 14, 2003? What was the initial cost of the e-cigarette? What is needed to solder the battery onto the main board of the iPod Nano? What generation of iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive? In what year did Apple announce a battery replacement program? What was the initial cost of the e-cigarette? What iPod has a battery that is soldered onto the main board? What component of Apple's Macintosh was faulty? Under what program were affected Nanos replaced with current generation Nanos? What have iPods been criticized for? What website did a 2005 survey find that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7%? What was the average failure rate of the iPod line? When did many users complain that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano could become scratched easily? What did Apple later begin shipping iPods with? What type of memory had a failure rate below 10%? What part of the iPod Nano was made unusable by scratching? What British tabloid reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers? What did Apple find some of the labour practices at the plant met? What percentage of the time did Apple employees work more than six consecutive days? What British tabloid reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers? How much of the time did Apple's plant employees work over 60 hours a week? What company did Apple hire to audit workplace standards? What group did Apple join to oversee workplace standards? Who was Apple's manufacturer? Where was the Foxconn factory located? Who was Apple's manufacturer? What company did Apple hire to audit workplace standards? In what year did workers at the Foxconn factory form a union? In what year did a number of workers commit suicide at a Foxconn operation in China? What went missing in 2009? In what year did a number of workers commit suicide at a Foxconn operation in China? What can create more jobs overseas than domestically? If an iPod is formatted on a Mac OS computer, what file system format does it use? What format is used if a file is formatted on Windows? What type of game is The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What consoles was The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess developed for? When was the Wii released in North America? When was the GameCube released worldwide? Who developed and published The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? In what year was Twilight Princess originally planned to be released on the GameCube? In what year was the Wii released in North America? Who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by the Twilight Realm? What dimension is Link trying to prevent from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm? What is the name of the mysterious creature that assists Avicenna? Who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by the Twilight Realm? What is the name of the mysterious creature that assists Avicenna? What is the alternate timeline from which the game takes place? What award did 'Saving Private Ryan' receive? What was the Wii rereleased under in 2011? When will The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD be released? What was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series by many critics? How many Game of the Year awards did 'Bridge of Spies' receive? In what year was 'Batman' the most critically acclaimed game? When will The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD be released? What is the focus of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What game introduced a basic control scheme? What is another name for Z-targeting on the Wii? What weapon does Link use in combat? What is the name of the projectile-based weapon that can be fired at a target without manual aiming? What type of game is The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess? What game introduced a basic control scheme? What does Link use in combat? What is another name for Z-targeting on the Wii? How many buttons does the context-sensitive button mechanic allow to serve a variety of functions? What shows what action a button will trigger, if any? Where does the context-sensitive button cause Link to place a rock if he is standing still? What allows one button to serve a variety of functions? What shows what action a button will trigger, if any? The Wii version of the game uses motion sensors and built-in speaker of what? What is the name of the sound that Midna emits when she discovers secrets? The Wii version of the game uses motion sensors and built-in speaker of what? What is another attack triggered using similar gestures? How many of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped in the GameCube version? What kind of sensors does the Wii version of the game use? The Wii version of the game uses motion sensors and built-in speaker of what? How many dungeons are in Link's game? What does Link battle in the dungeons? What are the dungeons connected by? What is the name of Link's horse? What does Link solve in the dungeons? What does Link fight at the end of the dungeons? What are the dungeons connected by? What is Link's name? How does Link attack? What are the enemy ghosts that Link hunts for? What is the name of the small imp-like creature that gives Link hints? What does Wolf Link move faster than? What is Link's name? What is Midna? What do Poes hunt for? What does AI stand for? The AI of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than enemies in what movie? How do enemies react to defeated companions? What does AI stand for? What can enemies detect from a greater distance than was possible in previous games? How are his emotions and responses largely indicated visually? Who has the most voice acting? Who sampled Midna's pseudo-speech? What country was Akiko Kmoto from? What does Link do when he's attacked or injured? How are his emotions and responses largely indicated visually? Who has the most voice acting? Who sampled Midna's pseudo-speech? What is Link working as in Ordon Village? What does the Bulblins carry off from the village? What imp-like Twilight being frees Link? What does he collect to restore an area's Light Spirit? Where does Twilight Princess take place? Who attacks the village one day? What does he collect to restore an area's Light Spirit? What are the fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic called? Who ambushed Midna? What weapon was used to return to human form? Where does Link bring a dying Midna to? Where are the Zoras from? What are the fragments of a relic containing powerful dark magic called? Who ambushed Midna? What weapon was used to return to human form? Where does Link bring a dying Midna to? What does Link obtain after he is cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form? What is the only known gateway between Hyrule and the Twilight Realm? Who was the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce? Where did Link and Midna find Ganondorf? What body does Ganondorf possess to fight Link? What does Link obtain after he is cleansed of the magic that kept him in wolf form? Where is the Mirror of Twilight located? Who leads Link to the Mirror of Twilight? Who was the Gerudo leader who attempted to steal the Triforce? Ganondorf transforms Zelda into what? Ganondorf crushes Midna's what? What village does Link leave when Hyrule Castle is rebuilt? Along with Link, who does Midna teleport outside the castle? What part of Ganondorf's body did Link plunge the Master Sword into? Who assisted Ganondorf? Who does Midna teleport outside of the castle? What did Ganondorf crush? What did Midna destroy in order to maintain balance between Hyrule and the Twilight Realm? When did Nintendo announce that a new The Legend of Zelda game was in the works for the GameCube? At what event did Eiji Aonuma reveal the Wind Waker 2 was in development? Where did Nintendo tell Aonuma that sales of The Wind Waker were sluggish? What did Aonuma do that could not be done in Ocarina of Time? When did Nintendo announce that a new The Legend of Zelda game was in the works for the GameCube? Who was the director of 'The Wind Waker 2'? What did Aonuma do that could not be done in Ocarina of Time? How many months did it take Aonuma's team to present horseback riding? Where did Nintendo reveal horseback riding in a trailer? Phantom Hourglass was released for what device in 2007? What was the name of the sequel to The Wind Waker released for the Nintendo DS in 2007? In what year did Nintendo reveal a trailer for horseback riding? What did Link metamorphose into in the Dark World of A Link to the Past? What movie did Aonuma direct for the Game Boy Advance? What was the code name of the Wii? Who thought the Wii Remote was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda? Along with Aya Kyogoku, who changed the story of Link to the Past? What was the Revolution's pointing device called? What type of interface did Aonuma use for the bow and arrow? In what year was the first version of Windows 8.1 announced? Who felt that having both versions would satisfy users in the end, even though they would have to wait for the finished product? In what year was the first version of Windows 8.1 announced? What was the Wii compatible with? At what event did Nintendo release a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? What was the first console to be compatible with the GameCube? When did Nintendo release a preview trailer for Twilight Princess? What did the prototype use to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint? What publication claimed that a GameCube copy of Twilight Princess would allow the player to use the Revolution controller? What did not make it into the GameCube release? In what year did Nintendo announce that both Twilight Princess and Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? How long after the Wii was the GameCube released? What publication claimed that a GameCube copy of Twilight Princess would allow the player to use the Revolution controller? At what event did Nintendo announce that both Twilight Princess and Twilight Princess would be available at the Wii launch? What did demo users complain about? The new item system required the use of the button that had previously been used for what weapon? Who commented they would like to see the sword controls transferred to gestures? What hand was used to control a left-handed sword attack? What did Suzuki focus on with Miyamoto? Who composed the game's score? Who was the sound supervisor of the game? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who was the sound supervisor of the game? Who created orchestral arrangements for the three compositions? Who conducted the ensemble that performed Michiru shima's three compositions? What type of instruments did Kondo prefer? How many people were in Spielberg's original orchestra? When was the soundtrack released? What promotion was the soundtrack part of? What requests prompted Kondo to consider using orchestral music for other tracks in the game? When was the soundtrack released? What did Nintendo release in six- and seven-track versions on November 19, 2006? What was discovered in the Wii version of Twilight Princess? What does ELF stand for? What version of the Wii Menu patched the vulnerability that prevented copying exploited save files onto the console? What exploit allowed the execution of custom code from a Secure Digital (SD) card on the console? What versions of the Wii Menu prevented copying exploited save files onto the console? What version of the Wii Menu patched the vulnerability that prevented copying exploited save files onto the console? Who is developing a high-definition remaster of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD is being developed for what device? When was the remaster of The Legend of Zelda announced? When will the game be released in Australia? What is the name of the high-definition remaster of Zelda? Who is developing a high-definition remaster of The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD? The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD features enhanced graphics and what other feature? When will the game be released in North America and Europe? What is a special bundle of the Wii U exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows"? Which two Amiibo figurines replenish arrows? Which two Amiibo figurines restore Link's health? Which Amiibo figurine causes Link to take twice as much damage? What is the name of the Wii U-exclusive dungeon? Which figurine unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows"? What is the name of the Wii U-exclusive dungeon? Which two Amiibo figurines replenish arrows? Which two Amiibo figurines restore Link's health? Where was the CD available as a preorder bonus? How many musical selections were on the CD that was available as a GameStop preorder bonus in the United States? Where is the CD included in all bundles? What was available as a GameStop preorder bonus in the United States? How did major publications score the PS3 from 1UP.com? Twilight Princess has average scores of 95% and 95 on which review aggregators? Who called the NES one of the greatest games ever created? What was Twilight Princess' commercial success? How did major publications score the PS3 from 1UP.com? What is the average score for the Wii version of Twilight Princess? Who called the NES one of the greatest games ever created? Who pointed out blurry textures and low-resolution characters? Who said the Wii controls felt "tacked-on"? Who released the Wii version of the PS3? Who praised the Wii's long quests? What is the name of the name of the company that is known for being able to produce a high-quality product with a low-cost price? Who pointed out blurry textures and low-resolution characters? Who considered Twilight Princess's soundtrack to be the best of this generation? Who praised the Wii's long quests? Twilight Princess received Best Use of Sound and Best Artistic Design for what device? Where did the game rank in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time? Where did IGN rank the Wii's best Wii game? Where did Nintendo Power rank the game on the best Nintendo game in the 2000s? Who gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story? What award did the game win by the Game Critics Awards and GameSpy? Where did the game rank in Official Nintendo Magazine's list of the 100 Greatest Nintendo Games of All Time? Where did IGN rank the Wii's best Wii game? What region covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania? How many copies were sold on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? How many copies were sold on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007? What region covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania? How many copies were sold on the Wii as of March 31, 2011? How many copies were sold on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007? Who illustrated Twilight Princess? In what country is Twilight Princess published? Who is the publisher of 'Saving Private Ryan'? What type of application is Shogakukan's MangaOne? Who produced Spectre? Who is in his fourth performance as James Bond? Who directed the film Spectre? What was the first James Bond film? How much was the budget for Bond's film? How many films were produced by Eon Productions? What is the twenty-fourth James Bond film? How many James Bond films were produced by Eon Productions? Who distributes 'Bridge of Spies'? Who directed the 'Bridge of Spies'? Bond is pitted against what global criminal organization? What was the first Eon Productions film to feature Spectre? Who are the recurring James Bond characters? Who played Mr. Hinx? Who does Monica Bellucci play? Who are the recurring James Bond characters? Who played Dr. Madeleine Swann? Who played Mr. Hinx? In what year was Spectre first featured in an Eon Productions film? When was Spectre released in the United Kingdom? Where was Spectre's world premiere? On what date was the game released in the United States? What did Spectre receive praise for? What award did "Writing's on the Wall" win? What was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX? What was the theme song for 'Bridge of Spies'? During what day did Bond kill three men plotting a terrorist bombing? What was Garreth allory's promotion to? What was the name of Garreth Mallory's mission in Mexico? What is the name of the global surveillance and intelligence co-operation initiative between nine member states? Who was the first person to write a book on the subject of racial discrimination? During what day did Bond kill three men plotting a terrorist bombing? The Joint Intelligence Service is comprised of what two agencies? What does Bond steal? Where does Bond go to attend Sciarra's funeral? What criminal organization did Lucia tell him about? Who is the leader of Spectre? What is Mr. Hinx's profession? Who informs Bond that the information he collected leads to Mr. White? Where does Bond go to attend Sciarra's funeral? Who is the leader of Spectre? Who pursues Oberhauser after he escapes? Who is the leader of Spectre? What is the cause of White's death? Who does Bond want to protect? What does White do when he dies? Where does Bond find Swann? Where is L'Américain located? What is the cause of White's death? Who does Bond tell Bond to protect? Where is L'Américain located? Who abducted Swann? By what means do Hinx and Swann travel to the nearest station? Who was Oberhauser's father? What name did Oberhauser take after his father's death? What name did Oberhauser take after his father's death? Where is Bond taken when he is freed? Who tells Swann he has three minutes to escape before explosives are detonated? Where does Blofeld's helicopter crash onto? Who did Bond and Swann want to arrest? Along with Bill Tanner and M, what character does Bond and Swann meet in London? Who did Bond and Swann want to arrest? What was SPECTRE originally stylized as an acronym of? Who had a long-standing litigation over the film rights to Thunderball? When did Fleming settle out of court with McClory? What was the name of the 1983 non-Eon film based on Thunderball? What was the name of the second Thunderball remake? When did Fleming settle out of court with McClory? What was the name of the 1983 non-Eon film based on Thunderball? Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory had a dispute over the film rights to what novel? Who acquired the copyright rights to Spectre? What acronym was discarded? What company is Danjaq, LLC a sister company to? In what year did MGM and the McClory estate settle the issue with Danjaq, LLC? Who acquired the copyright rights to Spectre? What movie did MGM acquire copyright rights to? Who was the sister company of Eon Productions? Who was targeted by hackers in November 2014? Who released confidential e-mails between Sony executives? Who wrote the script for Spectre? What company released an early version of the screenplay? When was Sony Pictures Entertainment targeted by hackers? Who wrote the script for Spectre? What company released an early version of the screenplay? Who played Franz Oberhauser in Spectre? In what year was Hannes Oberhauser a legal guardian of Bond? Who were the screenwriters of Quantum of Solace? What organisation was introduced in Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace? Hannes Oberhauser is a background character in what short story? Who was Fleming's guardian? Hannes Oberhauser is a background character in what short story? Who played Franz Oberhauser in Spectre? In what film was the Quantum organisation reimagined as a division within Spectre? What is the name of the story that draws on Ian Fleming's source material? What is the name of the MI6 safehouse? Who is the title character in Colonel Sun? What is the name of the short story from the For Your Eyes Only collection? What short story collection contains a reference to the Hildebrand Rarity? Who was the title character of Colonel Sun? What is the name of the MI6 safehouse? When was the main cast of 'Bridge of Spies' revealed? Who reprised the roles of Eve Moneypenny and Ben Whishaw? Who reprised the roles of Eve Moneypenny and Ben Whishaw? Who played Eve Moneypenny? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? How many times did Daniel Craig appear as James Bond? Who reprised his role as Bill Tanner? Who reprised their roles as Eve Moneypenny and Q? Who did Christoph Waltz play? Who was later revealed as the director of 'Bridge of Spies'? Who played Sévérine in Skyfall? Along with Casino Royale, what movie did Jesper Christensen reprise his role as Mr. White in? How old was Monica Bellucci when she was cast as Lucia Sciarra? Who played Sévérine in Skyfall? In what film did Jesper Christensen reprise his role as Mr. White? How many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence in February 2015? Who was cast as Marco Sciarra? Who was cast as Estrella? When were fifteen hundred extras hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico? In February 2015, over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set where? In what country was Detlef Bothe a villain? Who was cast as Marco Sciarra? Who was Stephanie Sigman cast as? Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? Who returned as the film's production designer? Who did Hoyte van Hoytema take over from? What two Bond films did Mendes direct? Along with Skyfall, what Bond film did Mendes direct? Along with Skyfall, what Bond film did Mendes direct? Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? How many Bond films did Neal Purvis and Robert Wade make? What locations did Mendes confirm? What type of film stock did Van Hoytema use for the film? Where did Mendes say production would begin? How long did it take for the filming to take place at Pinewood Studios? What type of film did Van Hoytema use for the film? Where did Mendes say production would begin? When did filming for the filming of the tztal Glacier Road begin in Austria? When did the filming of the film end in Austria? Where were scenes filmed in Austria? What did Craig sprained while shooting a fight scene? Where were scenes filmed in Austria? Where is the Hoffler Klinik located? What glacier is in the area around Sölden? What two locations were used in the five-week shoot across the city? Who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar? What car was involved in a car chase in Rome? How many independent electric engines did the C-X75 have? Where did filming return to England to shoot? Along with the Roman Forum, what was a notable location for the five-week shoot across the city? What cars were featured in a car chase scene in Rome? Who built the original C-X75 prototype for Jaguar? Who did Williams build the C-X75 prototype for? Where did production move to after filming was completed in Rome? What festival was filmed in and around the Zócalo and Centro Histórico district? Where was the Day of the Dead festival filmed? How many extras were needed for the scene in Mexico City? Where was the film's second unit moved? What festival was filmed in Mexico City? What was involved in the fight? Where was the Day of the Dead festival filmed? Where was Craig flown after filming in Mexico? When did Spielberg return to filming at Pinewood Studios? Where was Craig flown after filming in Mexico? Which two bridges were temporarily closed? Who was on set to simulate rain and monitor smoke? On what river did filming take place on 17 May 2015? Where was MI6's headquarters located? Which two bridges were temporarily closed? Who was on set to simulate rain and monitor smoke? Where were scenes involving Fiennes shot? At what time were stunts filmed near Westminster Bridge? Where did filming take place in Morocco? What is the Guinness World Record for an explosion filmed in Morocco? Who holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film stunt explosion? How long did the filming take? Where did production travel to after wrapping up in England? What is the Guinness World Record for an explosion filmed in Morocco? How long did the filming take? Who holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film stunt explosion? What was the amount of financial support that the film was rumored to have been given to Mexico City? Who denied that the scene had always been intended to be shot in Mexico? Where did production of Skyfall attempt to get permits to shoot the pre-title sequence? Where did production of Skyfall move to? Who returned as Spectre's composer? When was the soundtrack album released in the UK? What label was Queen's soundtrack released on? Who returned as Spectre's composer? What label was Queen's soundtrack released on? When did Newman work on the film? When was the theatrical trailer released? What was the film's title theme? How many sessions did Smith say the song came together in? What did Smith and Napes record after they wrote the song? Who wrote the title theme for 'Writing's on the Wall'? When was the song released as a digital download? What Adele song received mixed reviews? Who trended on Twitter on the day the song was released? Which English band composed a song for the film that went unused? Who wrote the song "Skyfall"? Who trended on Twitter on the day the song was released? Which English band composed a song for the film that went unused? Who unveiled the DB10 as the official car for the film? What was the name of the new DB car that Aston Martin and Eon unveiled in December 2014? Who carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? What were the remaining two used for? What was the name of the new DB car that Aston Martin and Eon unveiled in December 2014? What logo did Williams F1 carry on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? Skyfall released still images of what? What was the name of the film that was based on 'Bridge of Spies'? Where did Eon release clapperboards and video blogs? What was the name of the film that was based on 'Bridge of Spies'? For what show did the Dawson Brothers appear on BBC One? On what channel did Sir Roger Moore appear in a sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? When was the theatrical trailer for Spectre released? When did Sir Roger Moore appear on Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? For what show did the Dawson Brothers appear on BBC One? Who wrote the sketch for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day? Where was Spectre's world premiere? When was Spectre's world premiere in London? What was the first IMAX movie to feature Spectre? What movie did Paramount bring forward to avoid competing with Spectre? Paramount brought forward Mission: Impossible - Rogue Nation to avoid competing with what company? How much has Spectre grossed worldwide as of 21 February 2016? How much of Spectre's revenue comes from North America? How much of Spectre's revenue came from the UK? How much did the first seven days of 'Harry Potter' grossed? Which film broke the UK record for highest first-week opening? What was the highest-grossing IMAX release in the U.K.? How much did The Times make on its opening day? Which film broke the UK record for highest first-week opening? What was the highest-grossing IMAX release in the U.K.? What film previously held the record for the best per-screen opening average? What city was attacked on November 13th? What percentage above the opening of Skyfall in India? Which movie sold more than $6.32 million in 2007? How much did South Korea pay for Spectre? Which movie sold more than $6.32 million in 2007? Which movie has become the top movie of the year in the Netherlands? How many screens did IMAX make for Spectre? How much did 'Bridge of Spies' earn in its opening weekend? How much did Universal make in its early Thursday night showings? What film's opening weekend gross was less than 'Saving Private Ryan'? How many screens did IMAX make for Spectre? On what day did Universal's opening day gross $5.25 million? When did 'Bridge of Spies' open in China? How much more money did 'Bridge of Spies' earn than 'Skyfall'? How much did 'Saving Private Ryan' fall by in the second weekend of its release? How much money did The Sun make in its fourth weekend? What was the biggest 2D single day gross for a Hollywood film? How much money did The Sun make in its fourth weekend? What is the Metacritic rating of 'Bridge of Spies'? How many critics rated 'Bridge of Spies' on Metacritic? What percentage of the reviews were positive? Who polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A"? What percentage of reviews did Rotten Tomatoes judge Bond to be positive? What is the Metacritic rating of 'Bridge of Spies'? Who described Spectre as "a swaggering show of confidence"? Who rated Spectre as solid if unspectacular? What rating did Mark Kermode give to The Guardian? How many stars did Mark Kermode give the film Skyfall? Who called Spectre "the worst 007 movie in 30 years"? Who wrote the San Francisco Chronicle's review of Spectre? What grade did Roeper give to the Sun-Times? What film has a less sentimental bent than its predecessor? Who wrote in The Atlantic about Spectre? What did Lawrence Toppman call Craig's performance in the Charlotte Observer? What newspaper did Alyssa Rosenberg write for? What did Lawrence Toppman call Craig's performance? Who censored kissing scenes featuring Monica Bellucci, Daniel Craig, and Léa Seydoux? On what social network was the board criticized? Who portrays Bond in 'Bond'? When will a sequel to Spectre begin development? When will a sequel to Spectre begin development? What year was the Great Sichuan earthquake? What is another name for the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? How many people died in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? What year was the Great Sichuan earthquake? What was the magnitude of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? When was the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? When did the 2008 Sichuan earthquake occur? How many people died in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake? Where was the quake felt as far away as? What was the focal depth of the Chengdu epicenter? How long after the main quake did the aftershocks last? What is another name for the Sichuan earthquake? Where was the earthquake's epicenter located? How far from Chengdu was the epicenter of Nanjing? What was the focal depth of the Chengdu epicenter? How many people were confirmed dead as of July 21, 2008? How many died in Sichuan province? How many people were left homeless by the earthquake? How many people lived in the affected area? How much did the Chinese government spend to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake? How many died in Sichuan province? How many people were injured as of July 21, 2008? How many people were listed as missing as of July 21, 2008? How many people were left homeless by the earthquake? How many people were estimated to be homeless after the earthquake? Where was the quake's epicenter located? How long did the tremor on May 12, 2008 last? How many buildings were destroyed in the quake? What was the magnitude of the earthquake? How long did the tremor on May 12, 2008 last? How many buildings were destroyed in the quake? What fault did the earthquake occur along? Where is the Longmenshan fault located? How long did the rupture last? What was the depth of the focus? What fault did the earthquake occur along? What is the mid-fracture of Nanjing called? When was most of the energy released? What was the maximum displacement? When did Geng claim a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? When was Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory first released? What did Geng claim was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? What did Geng claim a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau warning about? When did Geng claim a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau warning about a significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan? What was Geng trying to establish a correlation between earthquakes and? What did the official deny that the Seismological Bureau had received? How much displacement did the USGS study indicate? Who was the USGS seismologist that warned that there was a "high risk" of a major M>7 aftershock? How much displacement did the USGS indicate the earthquake would cause? How long was the fault in the USGS study? How deep was the fault in the USGS study? Where did the earthquake increase the probability of occurrence of future events? What did Tom Parsons call the risk of a major M>7 aftershock? How many people died in the Great Hanshin earthquake? How many stages did the Longmenshan Fault tear in? What was the name of the 155-mile fault that ripped in two sections? Along with the density of population, what increased the severity of the earthquake? How much more energy did the earthquake release than the Great Hanshin earthquake? Why did the seismic waves travel a long distance without losing their power? How many major aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake? When were 104 major aftershocks recorded? When did the latest aftershock exceeding M6 occur? How many major aftershocks were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake? How many total aftershocks were there on November 6, 2008? What was the strongest aftershock measured? How many aftershocks were there on November 6, 2008? When did the latest aftershock exceeding M6 occur? When was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? Where was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? Why wasn't the Ms 6.1 earthquake part of the series? What was the name of the earthquake that shook Nanjing in 2008? Where was the Ms 6.1 earthquake? What earthquake occurred on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan? What earthquake occurred in 2008? Who published the map of earthquake intensity? What is the maximum liedu of the China Seismic Intensity Scale? What did the CEA describe the liedu of XI on the China Seismic Intensity Scale as? What did the USGS call the maximum intensity at XI? What is the name of the town closest to the epicenter of the quake? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? What was the average vertical slip in the Beichuan Fault? How high was the surface slip on Beichuan Fault? What was the average vertical slip in the Guanxian-Anxian Fault? How long was the average horizontal slip in the Guanxian-Anxian Fault? Where is the Longmen Shan Fault System located? What is located in the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau? What was the average vertical slip in the Beichuan Fault? What was the average vertical slip in the Beichuan Fault? How long was the average slip in the Beichuan Fault? Where were the Jin Mao Tower and Hong Kong New World Tower evacuated? What did a receptionist at the Tibet Hotel say about the evacuation of its guests? How long were workers evacuated from a Ford plant in Sichuan? What airport was shut down? When did Chengdu Shuangliu Airport reopen? What happened to the Jin Mao Tower and Hong Kong New World Tower? What airport was shut down? Why did Cathay Pacific delay its Hong Kong to London route? What was the Chengdu Shuangliu Airport used as a staging area for? Where did reports say they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in Chengdu? Where was the 2008 Summer Olympics held? In what county did a cargo train derailed? What happened to the cargo train that derailed in Gansu? What did Reporters in Chengdu say they saw in some residential buildings in the downtown areas? What building in Beijing was evacuated? What was not damaged? In what county did a cargo train derailed? What caused the train to catch fire? What was damaged in the attack on Wenchuan? How many buildings collapsed in Beichuan County? In what city did a whole school collapse? How many students survived a school collapse in Dujiangyan? What was damaged in the attack on Wenchuan? What was the result of the damage to the highways into Wenchuan? How many buildings collapsed in Beichuan County? What collapsed in Shifang? How many students survived a school collapse in Dujiangyan? Where did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies? What metal rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected? What price dropped over speculations that demand from China would fall? What happened to companies based in southwestern China? Where did the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspend trading of companies? What metal rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected? Along with the Shanghai Stock Exchange, what other exchange suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China? What types of telecommunications were cut to the affected area after the earthquake? What was cut to the Sichuan area after the earthquake? How long did it take for telecommunications to be restored in Sichuan? What was cut to the affected areas after the earthquake? Where was all internet capabilities cut to after the earthquake? Who restored telecommunications in Sichuan? What were made accessible online in the region? What type of websites were made accessible online in the region? How many base stations were suspended by China Mobile? How many towers were suspended in Wenchuan? How many base stations were suspended by China Mobile? What was the cause of China Mobile's base stations being suspended? How much of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province? What company is responsible for a large portion of China's internet traffic? How many towers were suspended in Wenchuan? Where were officials initially unable to contact? How many giant pandas are in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? How many British tourists were in the Wolong Panda Reserve? How many giant pandas are in the Wolong National Nature Reserve? Where were officials initially unable to contact? How many pandas escaped after their enclosures were damaged? How many children did Mao Mao have? Who was the mother of five at the breeding center? What plant in Zipingpu was damaged? Where was the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant located? How many troops have been allocated to Zipingpu? How many dams were damaged by the quake? What plant was damaged? How far from the epicenter was the Zipingpu Hydropower Plant? What did a recent inspection indicate about the damage to the bridge? What reservoir is in danger of collapse? How many dams were damaged by the quake? How many people died in the Sichuan earthquake? How many people were killed in the Sichuan quake? How many people are listed as missing? How many people were injured in the Sichuan earthquake? How many earthquake relief workers were killed in landslides? How many people were killed in the Sichuan quake? How many people died in the Sichuan earthquake? How many people are listed as missing? How many people were injured in the Sichuan earthquake? Why were the 158 earthquake relief workers killed? How many survivors were reported from Yingxiu in Wenchuan County? Where is Yingxiu located? How many people lived in Yingxiu? How many people were killed in Beichuan County, Sichuan? How many people were injured in Beichuan County, Sichuan? How many survivors were reported from Yingxiu in Wenchuan County? How many people lived in Yingxiu? How many people were killed in Beichuan County, Sichuan? How many people were injured in Beichuan County, Sichuan? How many schools were toppled in Dujiangyan? What is poor in inland areas such as Sichuan? Who is the Vice Minister of Health? What did Gao Qiang say about the health care system in China? What did China's economic rise do to the area that was hit by the earthquake? Where in Sichuan is health care poor? What did Gao Qiang say about the public health care system in China? What did the Vice Minister of Health suggest the government should provide to earthquake victims? How many school children died due to shoddy construction? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many people were buried in the collapsed schools in Mianyang City? How many school buildings in the province collapsed? How many people were buried in Mianyang City? Why did thousands of school children die? How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? How many people were buried in the collapsed schools in Mianyang City? How many school buildings in the province collapsed? How many students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School? When were the details of school casualties investigated by a non-governmental organization? When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many children were left disabled by the earthquake? When was the official tally of students killed in the earthquake released? Who was the artist and architect who was under investigation for school casualties? How many students were killed in the earthquake? How many children were left disabled by the earthquake? Where did the Chinese government give free treatment to parents who had lost their only children? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many animals were destroyed? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many people were left without housing after the earthquake? How many animals were destroyed? How many pigs died in Sichuan province? Who is a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech? Who is Reginald DesRoches? When was the Tangshan earthquake? What earthquake occurred in 1976? What was sent to the region after the earthquake? What was the purpose of the international reconnaissance team sent to the region? What did the study show? Who was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings? What was the purpose of the reconnaissance team sent to the region? What is the reason many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake? Who was hardest hit by the earthquake? Who is the assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology? Where did the earthquake occur? How were many of the buildings built? What kind of building codes are in China? What were many of these buildings not built with? What is the estimated economic loss from the Sichuan quake? What type of damage did the Sichuan earthquake cause? What is the estimated economic loss from the Sichuan quake? The Sichuan earthquake is considered one of the costliest natural disasters in what history? How many cities in Sichuan suffered minor damage from the quake? How many homes were collapsed in the May 27 earthquake? What was the magnitude of the aftershock that hit northeast of the earthquake's epicenter? How many injuries were caused by the May 25 earthquake? How many homes were collapsed in the May 27 earthquake? How many people were injured in the May 27 earthquake? What city was hit by an aftershock of 6.1 Ms? Who confirmed that more than 90,000 people were dead or missing in the earthquake? How many homes had been rebuilt? How many households were still without permanent shelter? How many schools were reconstructed? Who confirmed that more than 90,000 people were dead or missing in the earthquake? How many people were confirmed dead or missing in the earthquake? How many homes had been rebuilt? How many homes were under reconstruction? How many households were still without permanent shelter? Who flew to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue work? What is Premier Wen Jiabao's academic background? What did Premier Wen Jiabao oversee? How many troops did the Chengdu Military Region Command send to Wenchuan County? How long after the earthquake did Premier Wen Jiabao fly to the earthquake area to oversee the rescue work? How many emergency medical teams did the Ministry of Health send to Wenchuan County? How many troops did the Chengdu Military Region Command send to Wenchuan County? What made it difficult to get help to the rural areas of the province? What type of plan covers the most serious class of natural disasters? What does the Level II emergency contingency plan cover? When did the plan rise to Level I? What type of contingency plan covers the most serious class of natural disasters? What class of natural disasters does the Level II emergency contingency plan cover? What level of emergency contingency plan covers the most serious class of natural disasters? Who initiated the Level II emergency contingency plan? How many people were on the earthquake emergency relief team? How many people were on the earthquake relief team? How many people were on the earthquake relief team from the Beijing Military Area Command? How many people were on the earthquake relief team from the Armed Police General Hospital? What type of team left Beijing to travel to Wenchuan County? How many people were on the earthquake emergency relief team? How many people were on the earthquake relief team from the Beijing Military Area Command? Where were the 22 people on the earthquake emergency team from? How did the 184 people leave Beijing for Wenchuan County? What does the China Digital Times report? What was the name of the alleged Chinese construction engineer? What newspaper reported an article by an alleged Chinese construction engineer? What was the name of the alleged Chinese construction engineer? On what day did many parents go to the rubble of schools to mourn for their children? Where did the surviving children live? What did the surviving children do to mark the day of the earthquake? Where did many parents go on Children's Day? On what date did many parents go to the rubble of schools to mourn for their children? Where were the surviving children living? How much have Central State-owned enterprises donated? How much did China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donate to the disaster area? How much have Central State-owned enterprises donated? How much did China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donate to the disaster area? How much money did China donate to its rescue efforts? How many countries have donated money and goods to China? How many international organizations have contributed to China's rescue efforts? Who was the largest aid donor to China? How much money did Saudi Arabia provide to China? How much money did China donate to its rescue efforts? Who was the largest aid donor to China? How many international organizations have contributed to China's rescue efforts? What did the State Council establish in 2008? How long did the plan last? What did the State Council establish in 2008? On what basis is the plan to arrange 19 eastern and central province and municipalitie to help 18 counties? How long did the plan last? What percentage of the province's budget did the plan cost? What did the chief engineer of the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau say? What dam was suggested to have triggered the earthquake? How much more was the effect of tectonic movement compared to a year's worth of natural stress? Who ignored warnings about large-scale dam projects in a seismically active area? What type of area did the government ignore warnings about large-scale dam projects? What have researchers been denied to study the cause of the quake? What did the earthquake provide for researchers? What was the accuracy of the method used to predict? What did the University of Skopje and Strachimir Mavrodiev try to establish? What did Strachimir Mavrodiev collect to establish a "time prediction method"? What did Zhang Xiaodong say in a press conference the day after the earthquake? What did Zhang Xiaodong say about earthquake prediction? What did Zhang Xiaodong say about earthquake prediction? How much information was received before the earthquake? What did Gary Gibson tell Deutsche Presse-Agentur he did not see that could be regarded as having predicted the earthquake's occurrence? When did Chen Xuezhong publish a Seismic Risk Analysis study? Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in 2002? Who published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in 2002? When did Chen Xuezhong publish a Seismic Risk Analysis study? What is the possible magnitude of an earthquake in the Sichuan region? How long ago did the Sichuan earthquake last? How many years has the Sichuan earthquake been the worst to strike? Is there a consensus that earthquake prediction is possible? What did the public want to learn about the quake? What is not yet established science? What was the name of the Taiwanese rescue team that was ready to join the rescue effort in Sichuan? How many Tibetan villagers were stranded in their demolished village for five days? Why did the Red Cross Society of China say it was inconvenient to travel to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter? What did the Red Cross Society of China recommend instead of other items? The Red Cross Society of China said it was not possible to reach places that were blocked off by what? What was the name of the ethnically Tibetan village that the search and rescue group was trying to reach? Along with heavy rain, what disaster affected rescue efforts in Wenchuan County? How many helicopters were deployed at the start of the rescue operations? How many troops and militia reservists were in Chengdu on May 13? How many survivors were found in Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan? How many troops and militia reservists were involved in the rescue? What affected rescue efforts in Wenchuan County? How many helicopters were deployed at the start of the rescue operations? How many troops and militia reservists were in Chengdu on May 13? How many survivors were found in Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan? How many survivors were found in Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan? What did Premier Wen Jiabao order by May 15? How many helicopters were to be provided by the PLAAF? How many helicopters were to be provided by the civil aviation industry? How many aircraft were deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation? How many aircraft were deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation? How many helicopters were to be provided by the PLAAF? Who was to provide 30 helicopters to the People's Liberation Army? What type of operation was the largest in People's Liberation Army history? Who did Beijing accept the aid of from Taiwan? From what country did Beijing accept the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation? When did Beijing accept the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation? What foundation did Beijing accept aid from Taiwan? What did China say it would gratefully accept to cope with the quake? What did China say it would gratefully accept international help to do? Who made a direct cargo flight from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? What was the date of the flight from Taipei to Chengdu? On what date was a rescue team from the Red Cross in Taiwan scheduled to leave Taipei? What type of flight was made from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? What airport did China Airlines fly from to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport? Where was Shuangliu International Airport? What team from the Red Cross in Taiwan was scheduled to depart Taipei on May 16? Where was Shuangliu International Airport? What did the United States share with Chinese authorities? Who did the United States share satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? On what date did rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia, and Taiwan join the rescue effort? What did the United States share with Chinese authorities about the quake-stricken areas? What did the US send to China on the C-17? How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort? What was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? What did the official news agency Xinhua set up in order to find the blind spots of disaster recovery? Why did Xinhua set up an online rescue request center? Where did rescue helicopters have trouble landing into the epicenter area? What was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts? Who set up an online rescue request center? Who proposed a landing spot for the rescue helicopters? What do the websites help store for victims and evacuees? When did a rescue helicopter crash in Wenchuan county? What did China do to mark the first anniversary of the quake? What did the government open access to for three days? How long did the government open access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat? What did China do to mark the first anniversary of the quake? What will the ruins of the Beichuan county seat be frozen in time as? What was held to raise money for the survivors of the quake? What did the government try to remind people of the ruins of the Beichuan county seat? What did people donate that led to long line-ups in Chinese cities? Who set up accounts for donations? Where were donations made after the earthquake? What did people do that resulted in long line-ups in most major Chinese cities? What was set up in schools, at banks, and around gas stations after the earthquake? How did people donate to China Unicom and China Mobile? How much did the Chinese government allocate for earthquake relief? How many tents did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How many quilts did the Red Cross Society of China fly to Wenchuan County? How much was the value of the tents and quilts flew to Wenchuan County? Where did the Red Cross Society of China fly tents and quilts? How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provide to the homeless? Who flew 557 tents and 2,500 quilts to Wenchuan County? How much has the Amity Foundation earmarked for disaster relief? How many tents did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provide to the homeless? Who did the Sichuan Ministry of Civil Affairs provide tents for? Who has begun relief work in the region? How many inadequately engineered schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? What have Chinese citizens invented to mock the quality and quantity of the constructions that killed so many school children? What type of schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? How many inadequately engineered schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake? What have Chinese citizens invented to mock the quality and quantity of the constructions that killed so many school children? Illegal children under 18 may be registered as what for their dead siblings? What was the name of the special program held by CCTV-1 on May 18? Who was the round-the-clock coverage anchor of The Giving of Love? How much money was donated for the evening? How much did Jackie Chan donate to the victims? What was the name of Jackie Chan's music video? What was the name of the four-hour program on May 18? What was the value of the donation of 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan? Who hosted a special four-hour program called The Giving of Love? How much did Jackie Chan donate to the victims? What was the name of Jackie Chan's music video? What did a professor at the Peking University say about China's media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake? What did Myanmar blockade during Cyclone Nargis? What did a professor at the Peking University say the Chinese media lived up to after the Sichuan earthquake? Who praised China's media coverage of the earthquake? What earthquake did China's previous performance compare to? What did landslides cause behind the blockages? As of May 27, 2008, how many lakes had formed due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers? How many lakes were still of potential danger to the local people as of May 27, 2008? What was the magnitude of the earthquake? What caused many rivers to become blocked? What did landslides cause behind the blockages? As of May 27, 2008, how many lakes had formed due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers? What had to be evacuated because of the flooding? Where was the most precarious of the quake-lakes located? How was the Mount Tangjia accessible? What did the Mi-26T helicopter bring to the quake-lakes? How many people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1? Why were 200,000 people evacuated from Mianyang? What is the most precarious of the quake-lakes? Where is Mount Tangjia located? How many soldiers were brought to the site by foot? Who declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims? What did the State Council declare for the three-day period for the quake victims? Whose death has been referred to as the biggest display of mourning? When did the State Council declare a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims? What type of vehicles came to a halt on Beijing's roads? How long was the national mourning for the quake victims? What relay was supposed to take place in Ningbo during national morning? Where was the Beijing Olympic torch relay scheduled to take place? What relay was supposed to take place in Ningbo during national morning? Where was the Beijing Olympic torch relay scheduled to take place? What was scaled down? In what city did the minute of silence begin? What color did many websites convert their home page to? Sina.com and Sohu removed what from their homepages? What was one of the entertainment websites that shut down altogether? What did the crowds do in Tiananmen Square? What closed down in Macau? Who is the principal of Sangzao Middle School? What has Ye Zhiping been credited with? How many students died in the Sangzao Middle School earthquake? How much money did Nanjing receive from the county education department? Who is the principal of Sangzao Middle School? What is the largest middle school in Sangzao? What county is the Sangzao Middle School located in? How long did Eisenhower's tenure at Washington University last? Why did Chinese prosecutors join an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's earthquake? What was to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake? Who joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake? Chinese prosecutors are preparing for possible investigations into what? Where were safety checks to be carried out after the earthquake? Who reported that Chinese prosecutors have joined an official inquiry into ten collapsed schools during May's devastating earthquake? What did officials ask parents to sign a document forbidding them from protesting? Who broke up protests by parents? Who has said they are investigating the collapses? What was the purpose of requiring parents to sign a document forbidding them from holding protests? What did officials ask parents to sign a document forbidding them from protesting? What happened to those who refused to sign the document? What were the Chinese news media ordered to stop reporting on? Who was detained for disseminating rumors about the Sichuan earthquake? What was Liu's family told about his arrest? What was Liu Shaokun's occupation? What was Liu being investigated on suspicion of? What did Liu do with the photos he took? When did Nasser express his anger at the "shoddy tofu-dregs buildings"? How long was he ordered to serve? When did Tan Zuoren write an article in support of the pro-democracy movement? When was Tan Zuoren sentenced to prison? What did Tan Zuoren attempt to document that may have led to in schools? What did UNICEF report on May 14? What did foreign nations offer in response to the quake? On what date did UNICEF report that China requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? Who reported that China formally requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families? Why did foreign nations and organizations offer condolences and assistance to the people of China? How much did Yao Ming give to the Red Cross Society of China? How much money has the American Heart Association collected in donations? How much money had been donated by the Chinese public by May 14? Who donated 10.7 billion yuan? Who is one of the country's most popular sports icons? How much money has the American Heart Association collected in donations? How did Francis Marcus describe the Chinese rescue effort? What did the Economist say China reacted to the earthquake with? How did Burma respond to Cyclone Nargis? How long before the earthquake did Cyclone Nargis destroy Burma? What organization did Francis Marcus belong to? What did Mainland Chinese television stations replace their cancelled programmes with? Where did Mainland Chinese television stations replace their cancelled programmes with live earthquake footage? What happened to pay television channels like Channel V? What country's government was praised for its response to the quake? What caused the Chinese government to lose confidence in its response to the quake? What was Burma's response to the earthquake? What have thousands of parents accused local officials of doing in school construction? As of July 17, 2008, parents of children lost in collapsed schools in Sichuan complained they had yet to receive what? What did censors discourage from being published in the media? Who has largely ignored the issue? Who is responsible for the state-controlled media largelyignoring the issue? Who reported that the state-controlled media has largely ignored the issue? Why are shoddily constructed buildings called "tofu buildings?" What did York replace steel rods with for concrete re-inforcement? Who did not check to see if a project met the national standards? Who has not been brought to justice? Who is still seeking compensation for the loss of their only child? What did the government warn parents not to stage a protest under? What newspaper reported that many parents were warned by the government not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest? What did many families lose? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is the most populous city in the United States? What is another name for New York City? What is another name for New York City? How many boroughs are in New York City? When were the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island consolidated into a single city? What was the population of New York in 2014? How many square miles is New York? How many people live in the Combined Statistical Area? How many boroughs are in New York City? What five boroughs were consolidated into a single city in 1898? When were the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island consolidated into a single city? What was the population of New York in 2014? How many languages are spoken in New York? What was New York City named in 1626? New York City was founded as a trading post by colonists of what country? When did New York cease to be the capital of the United States? When did the city and its surroundings come under English control? When did New York cease to be the capital of the United States? When was New York City founded as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic? When was New York City named New Amsterdam? When did the city and its surroundings come under English control? When did New York cease to be the capital of the United States? How many tourists visited New York City in 2014? How many stations are in operation on the New York City Subway? New York City is located in what financial district? How many colleges and universities are in New York City's higher education network? What are the world's two largest stock exchanges? Along with Long Island, what is the current name of Long Island? During what glaciation was New York City located at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth? What was New York City on the edge of during the Wisconsinan glaciation? What was the name of the Lenape tribe's homeland? When was the first documented visit by a European? Who was the first documented European to visit New York Harbor? What was the name of da Verrazzano's ship? Who did Napoleon claim the area for? What did Napoleon call the area he claimed for France? When was the first documented visit by a European? What was the name of da Verrazzano's ship? Who did Napoleon claim the area for? In what year did Estêvo Gomes arrive in New York Harbor? Who led the Spanish expedition that arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525? What was the nationality of the ship that was sailing for Emperor Charles V? Who was Estêvo Gomes sailing for? What was the name of the caravel that Estêvo Gomes sailed on? What was the name of the Hudson River charted by Estêvo Gomes? What was the name of the first map to show the North American East coast continuously? Who was the English explorer who re-discovered the region in 1609? Who was Henry Hudson's employer? When was the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Netherlands? How many days did Eisenhower spend exploring the area? What was the name of the river that Napoleon sailed up to the site of the present-day New York State capital? Who was Henry Hudson's employer? When was the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Netherlands? Who was the English explorer who re-discovered the region in 1609? Where was he born? What was Juan Rodriguez's Dutch name? What was Juan Rodriguez's occupation? What is the name of Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street? During what season did Napoleon arrive in Manhattan? Who was the first non-Native American inhabitant of New York City? What part of Broadway is named Juan Rodriguez Way? Where was a Dutch fur trading settlement founded in New York? On what island was a Fort Amsterdam built in 1625? In what year was construction started on a citadel on Manhattan Island? Who was the Dutch colonial Director-General in 1626? In what year was Manhattan purchased from the Canarsie? In what year did a permanent European presence in the New Netherland begin? In what year was construction started on a citadel on Manhattan Island? What was Manhattan purchased for $24 worth of? What did the English rename the city after the Duke of York? Who was the Duke of York? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland in 1664? What was Peter Stuyvesant's job title? When did Peter Stuyvesant surrender New Amsterdam to the English? Who was the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland in 1664? Who was the Prince of Orange? When did Anthonio Colve take over New York from England? What did Anthonio Colve rename the colony of New York from England? When did the Dutch return the island to England? Who was the Dutch captain that took over New York from England? From what country did Anthonio Colve take over New York? Who was the Prince of Orange? At the end of what war did the English gain New Amsterdam in North America? What was the population of the Lenape by 1700? What Indonesian island did the Dutch control at the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War? What was the population of the Lenape by 1700? At the end of what war did the English gain New Amsterdam in North America? What percentage of Charleston's households held slaves by 1730? What city had the most slaves in 1730? Where is the new federal courthouse located? What was built near Foley Square to house the African Burying Ground? What city had the most slaves in 1730? When was the African Burying Ground discovered? When was John Peter Zenger trialed in Manhattan? Where was John Peter Zenger trialed in 1735? When was Columbia University founded? Who founded Columbia University? What was Columbia University's original name? Who was trialed in Manhattan in 1735? When was Columbia University founded? Where did the Stamp Act Congress meet in October 1765? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? Where was the Battle of Long Island fought? When was the Battle of Long Island fought? How many escaped slaves crowded into Southampton during the British occupation? When did the British forces evacuate? What was the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War? Where was the Battle of Long Island fought? When did the British forces evacuate? When did Benjamin Franklin and Lord Howe attempt to reach a peaceful solution to the war? Who was the British general on Staten Island in 1776? What was the name of the conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan that destroyed a quarter of the buildings in the city? The Great Fire of New York was a large conflagration on the West Side of what city? What church was destroyed in the Great Fire of New York? Who was the British general on Staten Island in 1776? What was the name of the conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan that destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city? In what year did the Congress of the Confederation make New York the national capital? Who was the first President of the United States? Where was the United States Bill of Rights drafted? On what street was the United States Bill of Rights drafted? By 1790, New York had surpassed what city as the largest city in the US? What assembly made New York the national capital in 1785? What did the Congress of the Confederation make New York in 1785? When was George Washington inaugurated? In what year did New York surpass Philadelphia as the largest city in the US? When was New York State's gradual abolition act passed? Where did a significant free-black population develop? Along with John Jay, who founded the New York Manumission Society? When was slavery abolished in Tennessee? How many blacks lived in New Haven in 1840? When was New York State's gradual abolition act passed? When was slavery abolished in Tennessee? What was the name of the plan that expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan? When was the Erie Canal completed? Who dominated local politics? Along with Germans, who supported Tammany Hall? When was the Erie Canal completed? What was the first landscaped park in an American city? In what year did Central Park become the first landscaped park in an American city? What type of park was Central Park? What brought a large influx of Irish immigrants? How many people were living in New York by 1860? How much of New York's population was living in 1860? How much of New York's population was German in 1860? What had disrupted societies in the German provinces? What brought a large influx of Irish immigrants? How many people were living in New York by 1860? Who was the mayor of Albany in 1861? How much did wealthy men have to pay to hire a substitute during the American Civil War? What was the ethnicity of the working class in the Draft Riots of 1863? According to historian James M. McPherson, how many people were killed in 2001? What was the black population in Manhattan in 1865? What did rioters burn to the ground? When was the modern City of New York formed? When did the subway system open? The County of New York included parts of what city? When did the subway system open? When did the steamship General Slocum catch fire in the East River? How many people died on the steamship General Slocum in 1904? What was the city's worst industrial disaster in 1911? How many garment workers died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What union did the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire spur? What was the city's worst industrial disaster in 1911? What was New York's non-white population in 1890? What was the name of the literary and cultural life that flourished during the era of Prohibition? What was New York's non-white population in 1890? What city did New York overtake as the most populous urbanized area in the world in the 1920's? What type of city was Houston in the 1930s? Who was elected mayor during the Great Depression? How many years of political dominance did Tammany Hall have? What type of city was Houston in the 1930s? When was the United Nations Headquarters completed? The rise of abstract expressionism in New York precipitated the displacement of what city as the center of the art world? The rise of what art style precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world? What organization's headquarters was completed in 1952? Where did the Stonewall riots take place? In what neighborhood of Lower Manhattan was the Stonewall Inn located? When did the Stonewall riots take place? Where was the Stonewall Inn located? What was the cause of the Stonewall riots? Where did the Stonewall riots take place? In what year did New York's population reach all-time highs? In what year did New York's population reach all-time highs? What new sector emerged in the city's economy? When did New York's crime rate begin to increase? In what decade did New York City suffer from job losses due to industrial restructuring? In what decade did New York City suffer from job losses due to industrial restructuring? What plane was piloted into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? What was the name of the flight that crashed into the South Tower of the World Trade Center? How many firefighters were killed on American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175? When did the World Trade Center PATH station open? How many meters tall is the spire of the One World Trade Center? When did the World Trade Center PATH station open? How many terrorists piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? What plane was piloted into the North Tower of the World Trade Center? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where were the Occupy Wall Street protests held? In what city did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Where is Zuccotti Park located in Lower Manhattan? When did the Occupy Wall Street protests begin? Who founded The National Review? When was The National Review founded? Who was the Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 election? Which presidential candidate ridiculed the liberalism of New York values in January 2016? What part of the United States is New York City located in? In what part of New York State is New York City located? New York City is halfway between Washington, D.C. and what other city? What ocean does the Hudson River feed into? What river feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor? What river feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor? What ocean does the Hudson River feed into? What are the names of the three islands on which New York City is built? The Hudson River separates New Haven from what U.S. state? What is the name of the tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers that separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx? What is the only fresh water river in the city? The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into what bay? What is the name of the city between New York City and the Hudson River? The Hudson River separates New Haven from what U.S. state? What is the name of the only fresh water river in the city? What tidal strait separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx? What was the name of the development in the 1970's and 1980's that reclaimed Lower Manhattan's land? How many square miles is Houston? How many square miles is water? How many square miles is land? What is the highest point on Staten Island? On what island is Todt Hill located? How many square miles is Houston? How many square miles is water? How many square miles is land? What is the highest point on Staten Island? How many feet above sea level is Todt Hill? What is the name of the oldest saltbox style building in Brooklyn? Where is the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House located? What is the most expensive new office tower in the world? Where is Ground Zero located? What year is the oldest section of the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn built? What is the most expensive new office tower in the world? How many high-rise buildings were in New York City in 2011? What is New York City's world leader in high-rise buildings? How many completed high-rise buildings were at least 330 feet? When was the Woolworth Building built? How many completed skyscrapers were at least 330 feet? What is New York City's world leader in high-rise buildings? How many completed high-rise buildings were at least 330 feet? When was the Empire State Building built? What style of building was the Chrysler Building in 1930? On what floor is the Chrysler Building? What is an influential example of the international style in the United States? Who awarded the Condé Nast Building an award for its design? What is one of the finest examples of Art Deco style architecture? When was the Empire State Building built? When was the Chrysler Building built? Where is Riverdale located? Where is Ditmas Park located? Where is Douglaston located? When did New York's rapid expansion end? Along with the Tudor Revival, what is a common architectural style of single-family homes in the Bronx? Along with townhouses and shabby tenements, what type of houses define the character of New York's large residential districts? What event limited the use of wood-frame houses? How many stories did the city require water pipes to be installed on in the 1800s? What is an example of an outlying area where garden apartments became popular in the 1920s? What were the city's building materials of choice after the Great Fire of 1835? What is a distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings? When did the United States Geological Survey update their analysis of seismic hazard? How many boroughs would be among the ten most populous cities in the US? How many boroughs are there in New York City? What four boroughs would be among the ten most populous cities in the US? What type of climate does New York City experience? How many days a year does Norfolk Island get at least some sunshine? How many hours of sunshine does Norfolk Island get per annum? What type of climate does Dfa stand for? What is the coldest month in the Köppen climate classification? What type of climate does New York City experience? How many days a year does Norfolk Island get at least some sunshine? What plant hardiness zone does Houston fall under? What area shields Pittsburgh from colder air? What is the daily mean temperature of January in degrees Celsius? What is the average humidity level in Houston? How many days a year do temperatures exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit? When did temperatures reach 106 degrees Fahrenheit? What temperature was recorded on July 9, 1936? In what year did temperatures reach 15 degrees Fahrenheit? In what year was it 106 degrees Fahrenheit? How many millimeters of precipitation does Houston get each year? What is the average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010? When did Hurricane Sandy occur in New York City? How many inches of precipitation does Houston get annually? What was the name of the destructive storm that hit New York City on October 29, 2012? What was the average snowfall between 1981 and 2010? What is the name of the department that operates New York's park system? What is the name of the office that operates New York's park system? Who operates the parks in New York? What city's park system is the most populous in the U.S.? What city is the second best park system in the US? What city's park system is the most populous in the U.S.? How many ha is the Gateway National Recreation Area? How many acres is the Gateway National Recreation Area? Along with Jacob Riis Park, what other park is located in Queens? Along with Fort Tilden, what park is located in Queens? What Wildlife Refuge is located in Brooklyn and Queens? How many acres is the Gateway National Recreation Area? Who manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? What is another name for General Grant National Memorial? Where is the Stonewall Inn located? What is the Stonewall Inn a catalyst for? Who manages the Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum? In what state is the Ellis Island Immigration Museum located? In what state is the Ellis Island Immigration Museum located? What was the catalyst of the modern gay rights movement? What is another name for General Grant National Memorial? How many state parks are in New York City? How many acres is Riverbank State Park? How many meters high is Riverbank State Park? How many state parks are in New York City? How high does Riverbank State Park rise over the Hudson River? How many acres of municipal parkland does New York City have? How many miles of public beaches are in New York City? What is the largest municipal park in Southampton? How many ha is Pelham Bay Park? How many acres of municipal parkland does New York City have? How many miles of public beaches are in New York City? What is the largest municipal park in Southampton? How many acres is Pelham Bay Park? What is the U.S. military's only active duty installation in New York City? When was the Battery of the Fort established? Where was the Battery of the American Revolution located? What division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is located at Fort Hamilton? What is the name of the Transportation Brigade? What is the U.S. military's only active duty installation in New York City? When was the Battery of the Fort established? Where was the Battery of the American Revolution located? Where is Fort Totten located? How many people live in New York City as of 2014? What is the second-most populous US city? How many people lived in New York City between April 2010 and July 2014? What percentage of New York State's population is in New York City? What percentage of New York State's population is in New York City? How many people live in New York City as of 2014? What is the second-most populous US city? What percentage of New York State's population is in New York City? What was the population density of Atlantic City in 2014? How many people per square km is Manhattan? In what county is New Jersey located? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? What percentage of the city's population was black in 2010? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What percentage of the city's population is Hispanic? How many non-Hispanic whites lived in Houston in 2010? What percentage of the city's population was white in 2010? When did the number of blacks decline over a decade? What was the fastest growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010? What percentage of the city's population was black in 2010? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? Where was the term "melting pot" first used? Who constituted the largest immigrant group in 1900? What percentage of the city's population was white in 1940? Along with Jews and Italians, what was the second largest immigrant group in 1900? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924? How many European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1924 and 18? What percentage of the city's population is foreign born? What was the largest source of foreign-born individuals in the city as of 2011? How many Bangladeshi immigrants lived in the city in 2013? Along with the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, what country has the largest foreign-born population in the city? What percentage of the city's population is foreign born? What borough is home to the largest Asian American population in the US? In what city was Chinatown located? What percentage of New York City was of Chinese ethnicity in 2012? What borough is home to the largest Asian American population in the US? What percentage of the city's population is Japanese? How many non-Hispanic whites lived in New York in 2012? How many non-Hispanic whites live in Houston? How many Polish Americans were there in 2012? How many non-Hispanic whites live in Chicago? Where are Albanian Americans most concentrated? How many non-Hispanic whites lived in New York in 2012? How many people live in the New York City metropolitan area? What is the Jewish population in the region? What percentage of the nation's Indian Americans live in New York City? How many Hispanics live in New York City? How many established Chinatowns are in New York City? How many Puerto Ricans live in New York City? Along with Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago, what country is a top source of legal immigrants to New York City? Along with Ghana, Nigeria, and El Salvador, what country is a top source of legal immigrants to New York City? Along with Honduras and Guatemala, what country is a top source of legal immigrants to New York City? Along with Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil, what country is the top source of legal immigrants to New York City? How many gay and bisexual people live in the New York metropolitan area? When were same-sex marriages legalized in New York? How many days did it take for same-sex marriages to take place in New York? How many gay and bisexual people live in the New York metropolitan area? When were same-sex marriages legalized in New York? How many days did it take for same-sex marriages to take place in New York? What percentage of New Yorkers practice Christianity? What percentage of New Yorkers practice Catholicism? How many Jews live in New York City? Where do most Jews live in New York City? What religion ranks third in New York City? What is the most prevalent religion in New York City? What is the second most prevalent religion in New York City? Where do most Jews live in New York City? In 2014, what percentage self-identified with no organized religious affiliation? What religion ranks third in New York City? What is the Gini Coefficient of New York City's income disparity? New York City has a Gini Coefficient of 0.6 for which city? Who was the mayor of New York City in 2013? How many millionaires lived in New York in 2014? What was the average weekly wage in New York County in 2014? What was the average weekly wage in New York County in 2014? What city has a high degree of income disparity? What is the name of New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere? Who published the first Global Economic Power Index? What year did the Port of New York and New Jersey handle record cargo volume? In what year did New York City top the first Global Economic Power Index? How many private sector jobs are held by foreign companies in Southampton? What magazine ranked New York City as one of the top American Cities of the Future? What was the total value of all New York City property for the 2015 fiscal year? What was the market value of the Time Warner Center in 2006? How much did the sale of 450 Park Avenue cost per square foot? How much did the record-setting $1,476 per square foot for an American office building be? How many of the top ten zip codes are in Manhattan? What is the name of the property with the highest-listed market value in the city? What was the previous record-breaking American office building sold for $1,476 per square foot? What is the name of New York City's advertising industry? How many people work in the fashion industry? How much money does the fashion industry pay its employees? Along with Interpublic Group, what global advertising agency is based in Manhattan? How many people work in the fashion industry? What global advertising agencies are based in Manhattan? How many residents work in the food processing industry? How much is food processing worth? Where is the garment industry showing a resurgence? How much does chocolate export to New York City each year? Where was the Chocolate District formed in 2014? Where is Godiva headquartered? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? What is New York City's leading specialty-food export? What is one of the world's largest chocolatiers? How many jobs were in the securities industry in August 2013? What percentage of the city's private sector jobs are in the securities industry? How much of the city's tax revenue does the securities industry generate? What is the average salary of the securities industry? What percentage of the city's wages are from the securities industry? What industry continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector? On what street is the New York Stock Exchange located? Where is the NASDAQ located? What was the total investment banking fees on Wall Street in 2012? What percentage of New York State's tax revenue was generated by Wall Street's securities industry in 2013-14? Who did NYSE Euronext take over administration of the London interbank offered rate from? On what street is the New York Stock Exchange located? Where is the NASDAQ located? How many square meters of office space is in Manhattan? How many million square feet of office space is in Midtown Manhattan? How much office space is in Manhattan? Where is Silicon Alley located? Where is Verizon's headquarters? How much did Verizon pay for its fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade in 2014? How many tech employees were in New York City as of 2014? How many tech employees were in New York City as of 2014? Along with Cornell University, what institute was chosen to build a graduate school of applied sciences on Roosevelt Island? How much did Cornell Tech cost to build? Where is Cornell Tech located? How much did Accelerator raise by mid-2014? How many square meters is the Alexandria Center for Life Science? What was the name of the $2 billion graduate school that was to be built on Roosevelt Island? How many tourists visited New York City in 2011? How many tourists visited New York City in 2013? How many tourists visited New York City in 2014? How much economic impact did tourism generate for New York City in 2014? How many tourists visited New York City in 2014? How many tourists visited New York City in 2013? What is the name of the logo and song that is the basis of an advertising campaign? When was I Love New York first used? Who owns the trademarked logo? What is the name of the logo and song that is the basis of an advertising campaign? When was I Love New York first used? What is the name of the logo and song that is the basis of an advertising campaign? Where is the Halloween Parade held? What department store hosts the Thanksgiving Day Parade? Where is the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade held? What is a major tourist destination in New Haven? Where is the Unisphere located? How many hotel rooms did Manhattan have at the end of 2014? How much did Manhattan's hotel rooms increase from 2013? Who purchased the Waldorf Astoria in October 2014? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group pay for the Waldorf Astoria? What was the world's most expensive hotel ever sold? How many hotel rooms did Manhattan have at the end of 2014? Who purchased the Waldorf Astoria in October 2014? How much did the Anbang Insurance Group pay for the Waldorf Astoria? How many feature films does New York produce annually? How many people work in New York City? How much money is generated by direct expenditures in New York City? What city was the top North American city for location filming for television pilots in 2013? Along with Warner Music Group, what record label is headquartered in New York? What is the largest media market in North America? How many of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New York? How many people are employed by the publishing industry? What newspaper has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism? What is the name of one of the three national daily newspapers in the US? When was the New York Daily News founded? Who founded The New York Post? How many newspapers have an office in the city? How many consumer magazines are there in New Haven? How many newspapers have an office in the city? What are the names of two of the three national daily newspapers in the US? When was the New York Daily News founded? Which of the three major American broadcast networks is headquartered in New York? What is the name of the public broadcast service operated by the City of New York? Along with MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Food Network, and AMC, what cable network is based in New Haven? Along with MTV, HBO, Showtime, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central, what cable network is based in New Haven? What is the oldest public-access television channel in the US? When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network founded? What is the city's major public television station? What public radio station owned by the city until 1997 has the largest public radio audience in the US? When did WNYC cease to be owned by the city? What is the oldest public-access television channel in the US? When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network founded? What public radio station owned by the city until 1997 has the largest public radio audience in the US? Who manages the New York City Public Schools? How many students attend New York City Public Schools? How many primary and secondary schools are in New York City? How many specialized high schools are in New Haven? How many students attend New York City Public Schools? How many specialized high schools are in New Haven? What assists with the setup of new charter schools? How many privately run secular and religious schools are in the city? How many students were enrolled in the City University of New York in 2014? What percentage of Manhattan residents had a college degree in 2005? What percentage of Manhattan residents had a postgraduate degree in 2005? How many institutions are in the public CUNY system? How many students are enrolled in New York City's higher education institutions? Which library has the largest collection of any public library system in the US? What is the nation's second largest public library system? What is the nation's second largest public library system? Which public library serves Brooklyn? Along with the Bronx and Staten Island, where does the New York Public Library serve? What does HHC stand for? How many acute care hospitals does the HHC operate? How much is HHC's annual revenue? How many patients does HHC serve? How many uninsured city residents are served by HHC? When was HHC created? How many nursing homes does HHC operate? What is the most well-known hospital in the HHC system? Who is the president of HHC? What is the most well-known hospital in the HHC system? What is the most well-known hospital in the HHC system? Who is the president of HHC? Where is the Cook County health system located? What position did Ramanathan Raju hold at the Cook County Health System? How many sworn officers are in the NYPD? What is the nickname given to members of the NYPD? What is the largest police force in the US? How many sworn officers are in the NYPD? What is the nickname given to members of the NYPD? How many homicides occurred in New York in 2014? How much did violent crime in New York City decrease from 1993 to 2005? New York City's crime rate was similar to what other US city? In what year did the city record fewer than 500 homicides? How many homicides occurred in New York in 2014? What percentage of all shooting victims were black in the first six months of 2010? What two groups were associated with organized crime in New York City in the 1820s? Who dominated the Mafia in the 20th century? Where did the Roach Guards and Forty Thieves begin in the 1820's? What gang dominated the Mafia in the 20th century? What is the largest fire department in the world? What does FDNY stand for? What is the FDNY's motto? What does FDNY stand for? What city has the largest fire department in the world? How many firefighters are employed by the FDNY? How many uniformed EMTs and paramedics are employed by the FDNY? What is the FDNY's motto? New York has one of the largest what in the world? Large parks and wooded areas can give rise to what? Where is the FDNY headquarters located? Where is the FDNY Fire Academy located? Where is the FDNY headquarters? Where is the FDNY headquarters located? Where is the FDNY headquarters? Where is the FDNY Fire Academy located? Where is Staten Island Fire Communications located? When was the city a center of jazz? In what decade was hip hop born? What major American cultural movement began in Harlem? What type of music was popular in New Haven in the 1940s? In the 1950s, what genre of art was popular in New Haven? What genre was the city the birthplace of in the 1970s? What city has been considered the dance capital of the world? What is one of the world's preeminent fashion events? What is another name for abstract expressionism? What is one of the world's preeminent fashion events? What organization ranked New York as the top fashion capital of the world? In what decade did Broadway musicals become popular? How many art galleries are in New York City? Along what street in New York City was a Broadway musical first performed? Along with Hart and George M. Cohan, who was a notable immigrant to New Haven? How many arts and cultural organizations does New York City have? What led to elaborate theater productions in the 1880s? What was the attendance in 2013-2014? What is the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District sometimes referred to as? How much did Broadway shows sell in the 2013-2014 season? How much did the Broadway League increase in ticket sales in the 2013-2014 season? What was the attendance in 2013-2014? What was the attendance for the 2012-2013 season? How many restaurants does the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assign letter grades to? How many mobile food vendors are there in New York City? How many restaurants does the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assign letter grades to? Who assigns letter grades to the city's restaurants? How many of the finest and most diverse haute cuisine restaurants are located in New Delhi? When were the Brooklyn Dodgers born? What are some of the most expensive stadiums ever built in the world? What are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world? When were the Brooklyn Dodgers born? Along with the National Football League, the National Hockey League, the National Hockey League, and the National Hockey League, what league is headquartered in New York City? How many professional leagues does the New York metropolitan area host the most sports teams? How many major professional teams have played in the city? New York has been described as the "Capital of what sport"? How many Major League Baseball World Series have New York teams won? New York has been described as the "Capital of what sport"? How many baseball teams does Los Angeles have? How many Major League Baseball World Series have New York teams won? How many pennants have New York teams won? How many baseball teams does Los Angeles have? How many World Series have there been in which two New York City teams played each other? What is the name of the World Series in which two New York City teams play each other? Where do the New York Giants and New York Jets play their home games? In what year did the MetLife Stadium host Super Bowl XLVIII? Along with the New York Jets, what team plays in the National Football League? Where do the New York Giants and New York Jets play their home games? Where is MetLife Stadium located? What Super Bowl did East Rutherford host in 2014? In what year did the MetLife Stadium host Super Bowl XLVIII? Which two teams represent the city in the National Hockey League? Where do the New Jersey Devils play? Where do the New Jersey Devils play? What sport do the New York Islanders and New York Rangers play in? Along with the New York Rangers, what team represents the city in the National Hockey League? What are the names of the city's National Basketball Association teams? What is the name of the city's Women's National Basketball Association team? When was the first national college-level basketball championship held? What is the name of the city's Women's National Basketball Association team? What was the name of the first national college-level basketball championship? When was the first national college-level basketball championship held? Along with the Brooklyn Nets, what is the name of the city's National Basketball Association team? Where is the National Tennis Center located? What is the name of the annual track and field meet? What is the name of the last, longest and oldest of horse racing's Triple Crown races? In what years did Houston host the PGA Championships? Where are the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves held? Where is the National Tennis Center located? What is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments? How many finishers did the New York Marathon have in 2006? What is the name of the annual track and field meet? Where are the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves held? What is the Bronx's street version of baseball called? What was the street in the Bronx renamed to in the late 2000s? Where was Stickball Boulevard renamed in the late 2000s? What is the largest rapid transit system in the world? How many stations are in operation in the New York City Subway system? What is Grand Central Terminal popularly referred to as? How many passengers ride the New York City Subway in 2014? What is Grand Central Terminal popularly referred to as? According to the US Census Bureau, how many minutes a day do New York City residents commute to work? What percentage of New Yorkers commuted to work using mass transit in 2005? What percentage of Manhattanites own a car? What percentage of New Yorkers commuted to work using mass transit in 2005? What percentage of commuters in the U.S. drive automobiles to their workplace? According to the US Census Bureau, how many minutes a day do New York City residents commute to work? What percentage of households in New York do not have a car? What percentage of Manhattanites own a car? What is the busiest bus station in the world? How many buses does the Port Authority Bus Terminal serve? How many commuters does the Port Authority Bus Terminal serve daily? What is the busiest bus station in the world? What are the three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area? What is the busiest airport in New York? What is the busiest airport in New York? Where is Stewart International Airport located? How many travelers used New York's three busiest airports in 2012? What is the world's busiest ferry route? How many hours a day does the Staten Island Ferry run? How many kilometers long is the Staten Island Ferry? The Staten Island Ferry runs between Staten Island and what other city? How many passengers does the Staten Island Ferry carry? What is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge? What is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas? What is an icon of the city itself? When did the longest suspension bridge in the world open? What is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge? The George Washington Bridge connects Manhattan to what county in New Jersey? What is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas? What architectural style are the towers of the Brooklyn Bridge? When did the longest suspension bridge in the world open? What is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world? When did the Holland Tunnel open? When was the Queens-Midtown Tunnel completed? Who was the first person to drive through the city? How many vehicles does the Lincoln Tunnel carry a day? What river is the Lincoln Tunnel under? What island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs? The Holland Tunnel connects Lower Manhattan to what city? Who was the first person to drive through the city? How many daily cyclists live in New York City? How many daily cyclists live in New York City? What percentage of trips in New Delhi are made by walk and bicycle? Who sponsored the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's bike-share project? What university conducted research to show that a majority of New Yorkers support the Affordable Care Act? Who ranked New York City as the most walkable large city in the US? What watershed supplies New York City with drinking water? What watershed supplies New York City with drinking water? How much is the Croton Watershed undergoing construction of? How much more water is being purified at the Croton Watershed each day? How much more water does the Croton Watershed add to New York City's water supply? Where is the Croton Watershed located? How many members make up the City Council? How many consecutive term limits can a student have? How long are the terms for mayor and council members? How many members make up the City Council? How many consecutive term limits can a student have? What is the official journal of New York City? How many years are the mayor and council members elected? What political party has the highest percentage of registered voters? As of November 2008, what percentage of registered voters in the city are Democrats? Who was the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80% of the overall vote in New York City? When did President Calvin Coolidge win the boroughs? Who won New York City in 1924? Which party holds the majority of public offices? As of November 2008, what percentage of registered voters in the city are Democrats? When did President Calvin Coolidge win the boroughs? How many boroughs did Calvin Coolidge win in 1924? What political party was Calvin Coolidge? How many licensed physicians were practicing in New York City in 2012? Where is the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology located? How many Nobel laureates have roots in New York City? How many admissions do HHC's facilities provide each year? How many emergency room visits do HHC's facilities provide each year? How many clinic visits do HHC's facilities provide to New Yorkers each year? How many general hospital discharges do HHC facilities treat? What percentage of emergency room and hospital-based clinic visits are treated by HHC facilities? What type of pollution can lower intelligence and increase aggression levels? Along with demographic changes, immigration, and the end of what epidemic, some people cite the end of? Who described New York as "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather"? Who showcased the book titled New York, culture capital of the world, 1940-1965? What college describes New York as the cultural capital of the world? Along with Latvia, what country has a diplomatic consulate in New York City? Where is the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located? On what side of Manhattan is Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located? Where is the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute? Where is the Tisch School of the Arts based? Where is SummerStage held? Museum Mile is the name for a section of what street? What city is Museum Mile located in? When was the Guggenheim built? When did the Museum at 110th Street open? On what side of Manhattan is the Museum Mile located? What is another name for the New York dialect? Which sitcom featured Archie Bunker? Who played Archie Bunker on All in the Family? What is the name of New York City? What team represents New York City in Major League Soccer? Where do the New York City FC play their home games? Where is the Red Bull Arena located? Who is one of the world's most famous soccer players? Where is James M. Shuart Stadium located? How many of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City Metropolitan Area? How many rail lines are in the Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station? How many stations are in the combined system? What does the AirTrain people mover system connect to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road? Along with Grand Central Terminal, where do the two rail systemsconverge? What city is Pennsylvania Station on the West Side of? How many of the six rapid transit systems in the world operate on 24-hour schedules in New York? What is the name of the rapid transit system that serves Philadelphia? Along with the New York City Subway and Chicago Subway, what transit system operates 24 hours a day? What is the name of the PATH train? What multibillion US$ heavy-rail transit project is under construction in New York City? How many yellow taxicabs are in the city? What island does the aerial tramway transport commuters to? Along with finance, advertising and fashion, what is a national industry in New Haven? Along with advertising and fashion, what is a national industry in New Haven? Along with fashion and theater, what is a national industry in New Haven? Along with Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue and Madison Avenue, what street is also used as a metonym for national industries? During what time of the day is it common for motorists to be stranded for hours in traffic jams? What part of Connecticut does New York City have a parkway in? New Jersey, Westchester County, Long Island, and southwestern Connecticut are located in what part of the city? Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of what island? Where are Queens and Brooklyn located on Long Island? Manhattan and what other borough are coterminous with islands of the same names? The Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Triborough Bridge, and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are examples of what? The Queensboro Bridge is an important piece of what type of architecture? How many hybrid taxis were in New York in 2010? How much of New York's taxi fleet is made up of clean diesel vehicles? How much did Mayor Bill de Blasio commit to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions between 2014 and 2050? What is an example of an energy-efficient green office building built in New Haven? What Supreme Court case forced the EPA to regulate greenhouse gases as pollutants? How many kilometers long is Newtown Creek? How many m3 of oil was spilled from the Greenpoint oil spill? What spilled oil spilled from New York City's sewer system? What form of government does New York City have? When did New York City consolidate? What department of the Supreme Court is located in Brooklyn? Where is the First Department of the Supreme Court located? What type of agency are the extrajudicial administrative courts? Where is the main courthouse of the Southern District of New York located? What district court is located in Brooklyn? Where is the main courthouse of the Southern District of New York? Which US district court is located in Brooklyn? Where is the main courthouse of the Southern District of New York located? Where are four of the top five ZIP codes in the nation for political contributions? What is the top ZIP code on the Upper East Side? How many cents does the Treasury receive for every $1 it sends in taxes? How much more money does the city send each year to New York than it receives back? How much more money does the US send to the federal government each year than it receives back? What was the name of the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. in 2006? When was the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. restructured and renamed New York City Global Partners? When was To Kill a Mockingbird published? What award did 'Saving Private Ryan' win? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird? When was To Kill a Mockingbird published? Whose observations are the main characters of 'Bridge of Spies' based on? Where is the book widely taught in schools? What type of novel is To Kill a Mockingbird? What are the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird? Where did Lee address issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles? To Kill a Mockingbird has been challenged for its use of what? Who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird? When did British librarians rank the book ahead of the Bible as one "every adult should read before they die?" In what year was 'Saving Private Ryan' made into an Oscar-winning film? When did Harper Lee begin performing a play based on his novel? Who was the director of 'Bridge of Spies'? Which book did British librarians rank the book ahead of as one "every adult should read before they die?" Who wrote the screenplay for 'Bridge of Spies'? Who was the director of 'Bridge of Spies'? Where does Harper Lee live? When did Lee die? What was the name of Lee's first published book? What was the name of Lee's first published book? When was Go Set a Watchman published? When did Lee die? Who did Harper Lee become close to? When did Lee move to New York City? What position did Lee work for British Overseas Airways Corporation? Where did Harper Lee grow up? When was Harper Lee born? Who did Harper Lee become close to? What college did Madonna attend from 1944 to 1945? Where did Madonna attend law school? Who bought the manuscript? What was the name of the first draft? What was Therese von Hohoff Torrey's professional name? Who was Tay Hohoff? What illness did Lee's mother suffer from? What was Atticus' father's profession? Who died two years after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird? When was the book published? How long did Lee spend writing To Kill a Mockingbird? Who chose the book for reprinting in part? What is the fictional "tired old town" of The Great Depression? How many years did the Great Depression last? How many summers of friendship do Scout and Jem have with Dill? What is the name of the boy Jem and Scout befriend? What is the fictional "tired old town" of The Great Depression? What was the name of the Depression in the 1930s? Who is the main character of the film? Who was Tom Robinson accused of raping? Who has been accused of raping a young white woman? Who shamed the mob into dispersing by forcing them to view the situation from Atticus' and Tom's point of view? Who does Atticus not want to be present at Tom Robinson's trial? Where did Dill watch from? Where do Rev. Sykes, Jem, Scout, and Dill watch from? What happened to Atticus when he tried to escape from prison? Who did he attack while walking home after the school Halloween pageant? After what event did Jem and Scout walk home from school? What is Jem's real name? Who is humiliated by the events of the trial? What is Jem's real name? Who discovers that Bob Ewell has died? What did the sheriff's story say Ewell did? What is To Kill a Mockingbird not? In what year did Amasa Coleman Lee defend two black men accused of murder? How old was Lee when her mother died? What was Lee's father's job title in the Monroeville newspaper? Where did Dill live during the summer? When did Capote and Lee travel to Kansas to investigate multiple murders? What was the name of Capote's nonfiction novel? Who was the character of Dill modeled after? What typewriter did Victoria and Capote write on? What did Capote call the two of them when they felt alienated from their peers? How old was Lee when he was accused of rape? Who did the white woman accuse of raping Lee? Who was murdered for flirting with a white woman in 1955? What is Emmett Till's death credited as a catalyst for? What was the purpose of the Scottsboro case? Who was murdered for flirting with a white woman in 1955? What two words are used in the book's title to suggest that Lee is mocking education, the justice system, and her own society? What does Lee use effectively by using a child's perspective? Where does Jem lock a Sunday school classmate with the furnace when Atticus is out of town? Who escorts Scout and Jem to her church? Why does Madonna prefer to go home in her ham costume? What type of costume does Madonna wear when she goes home? What two genres is To Kill a Mockingbird described as? Along with a coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel, what type of novel is To Kill a Mockingbird? Who does Scout revere as an authority over all others? Who was the neighbor of Jem's that said 'It's like bein' a caterpillar wrapped in a cocoon'? What did Feynman struggle with? When was the Montgomery Bus Boycott? What was To Kill a Mockingbird primarily concerned with? What type of females did black males imply sexual contact with in the novel? How many times was Tom killed during an attempt to escape from prison? What was the punishment for transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females? Who juryed Tom Robinson's trial? How many times was Tom shot during an attempt to escape from prison? What must Atticus shoot, even though it is not his job to do so? What must Atticus do without help from other white citizens? Who chastises and punishes Scout for embarrassing Walter Cunningham? Who suggested that Atticus fire Calpurnia? Who was Scout's classmate? Who was the first woman to be a writer in South Alabama? What did Austen and Lee value over social standing? What type of white trash did Lee attribute racial prejudice to? What issues did Lee highlight that intensify prejudice? What do children gain from Atticus' admonition? What drug did Atticus say Jem had an addiction to? Who did Scout try to defend? What is the main theme of the novel? Who wrote the only book-length biography of Harper Lee? Who wrote the only book-length biography of Harper Lee? What lessons did Harper Lee's book teach? Whose song did Madonna listen to? Whose feminine influences did Lee balance with Atticus and Jem? Whose feminine influences did Lee balance with Atticus and Jem? Who chastises Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole? What type of feminist was she in the South? Who molested his daughter? Who was one of the fathers described as abusers? Who was exiled by society for taking a black woman as his common-law wife and having interracial children? What was Charles Lamb's profession? What type of clothes does Madonna refuse to wear? What type of bird is depicted in the novel? What was Lee's mother's last name? What is a key motif of the Atticus theme? What is a key motif of the Atticus theme? What is a key motif of the Atticus theme? What did Edwin Bruell say to kill a mockingbird? In what club did the book become widely available? In what club did the book become widely available? How many languages had To Kill a Mockingbird been translated into? How many languages has 'Bridge of Spies' been translated into? How many copies has the book sold in the years since it was released? How many copies has the book sold in the years since it was released? How many languages has 'Bridge of Spies' been translated into? What was the name of the book Mary McDonagh Murphy interviewed celebrities? Who was Harper's sister? What was the name of the book Mary McDonagh Murphy interviewed celebrities? What was Atticus Finch's career? What model did Atticus Finch use for the legal profession? When did the Alabama State Bar erected a monument to Atticus in Monroeville? Who erected a monument to Atticus in Monroeville in 1997? What did Lee receive in 2008 for creating Atticus? When was To Kill a Mockingbird first studied in classrooms? How many of the 100 most frequently challenged books were in To Kill a Mockingbird? When was To Kill a Mockingbird first studied in classrooms? How many of the 100 most frequently challenged books were in To Kill a Mockingbird? When was one of the first incidents of the book being challenged? What did a parent protest against in Hanover in 1966? What did the letters expressing the most outrage complain about? Which book received the most complaints from private organizations? What movement was the novel cited as a factor in the success of in the 1960s? What book is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War? What book is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War? Who was Capote's biological father? Who was Lee's childhood friend? Who was Lee's older sister? Who was Lee's childhood friend? Who was Capote's confidant at Lippincott? When was To Kill a Mockingbird awarded the Pulitzer Prize? How many weeks was To Kill a Mockingbird on the bestseller list in 1961? When did Bestsellers magazine award the Paperback of the Year award? When did Lee turn down interviews? What award did To Kill a Mockingbird win in 1961? When did Lee turn down interviews? When was Lee inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor? By 2004, how many communities had chosen the novel for variations of the citywide reading program? In what city was To Kill a Mockingbird the first title of the One City, One Book program? In what city was To Kill a Mockingbird the first title of the One City, One Book program? By 2004, how many communities had chosen the novel for variations of the citywide reading program? Where was Lee awarded an honorary doctorate in 2006? Who awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? When was Lee awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom? Where was Lee awarded an honorary doctorate in 2006? Who awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? When was the book made into a film? Who starred in 'Atticus Finch'? Who starred in 'Atticus Finch'? What did Lee give Peck when he was awarded the Oscar for best actor? Who was Peck's mother? What did Lee give Peck when he was awarded the Oscar for best actor? Who was Peck's mother? When did Lee make an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library? What did Peck's widow think of Lee? Who adapted the book into a play? In what year did Alabama's Literary Capital debut? Where was Alabama's literary capital located in 1990? Who makes up the cast of the play? What is the audience in the Monroe County Courthouse? Where did Sergel's play tour in 2006? Where did 'Atticus Finch' open its 2013 season? Who played Atticus Finch? When was the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird released? In what year was the final draft of The Killing of a Mockingbird completed? How many drafts were released for To Kill a Mockingbird? Who discovered the Watchman manuscript? What was the name of the earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? In what year was the final draft of The Killing of a Mockingbird completed? How many drafts were released for To Kill a Mockingbird? What serious issues did the novel deal with? Who is the narrator's father? What is Lee's strongest talent noted by critics and reviewers? What is the narrative technique Lee uses to play intricately with perspectives? Whose heritage did Madonna believe To Kill a Mockingbird was a code of honor and conduct? Where did the children feel safe in the first part of Boo Radley's novel? What did one writer call Lee's book? What is Scout's definition of people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have? Which region seems to drive the plot more than the characters? Who is the chief example of innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel? Who does Christopher Metress say Scout sees as a mockingbird? What did Atticus think of Atticus? What does R.A. Dave claim the book takes on because every character has to face defeat? Who noted the even-handed approach to the narration of the novel's events? Who called the book "melodramatic and contrived"? Who was the author of 'The Little Mermaid'? Who wrote about racism as an inevitability? Who did Rosemary Goring note the connections between Lee and? Who criticized Lee's novel Atticus in The Wall Street Journal? Who wrote that justice must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all? Who is viewed as an updated version of the "contented slave" motif? Who found the film "demoralizing"? What does Michael Lind say the novel demonizes? What does Diane McWhorter say every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with? What did McWhorter say about Lee's book? How do people quote lines from the novel in Monroeville? What are local residents called? Where does solar energy come from? What is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies? What technologies are used to harness solar energy? What is solar energy? How many terawatts of incoming solar radiation does the Earth receive? What percentage of light is reflected back to space? What is the range of kWh/m2 per day that most people live in areas with insolation levels? How many terawatts of incoming solar radiation does the Earth receive? How much is reflected back to space? What are the insolation levels of most people around the world? What is the rest absorbed by? What percentage of the globe is covered by the oceans? What is the average temperature of the surface of the Earth? What do green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy? How much of the globe is covered by the oceans? What causes atmospheric circulation or convection? When does water vapor rain onto the Earth's surface? What causes wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones? What do green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy? How much solar energy is absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses per year? How much energy did the world use in one hour in 2002? How many EJ does photosynthesis capture per year in biomass? How much energy did the world use in one hour in 2002? How much solar energy is absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses? How much EJ does photosynthesis capture in biomass? What are some of the Earth's non-renewable resources? Where do all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from? What are solar technologies broadly characterized as? How are solar technologies characterized? What are the only renewable energies that derive their energy from the Sun? In what way is a person able to communicate with a samurai? What type of solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs? What type of solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties? What type of collectors are used to convert sunlight into useful outputs? What is a passive solar technique? What do active solar technologies do? What are passive solar technologies? Who built a small demonstration solar engine in 1897? When did Shuman form the Sun Power Company? When did Shuman patent his entire solar engine system? Who was Frank Shuman? In what year did Frank Shuman build a small demonstration solar engine? What type of engine was used? When did Shuman form the Sun Power Company? When did Shuman patent his entire solar engine system? Where was the world's first solar thermal power station built? How many litres of water did Shuman's plant pump per minute? When was Shuman's design resurrected with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy? Where was the world's first solar thermal power station built? What did Shuman's plant use to power its engine? Where did Shuman's plant pump water from? What discouraged the advancement of solar energy in the 1930s? When was Shuman's design resurrected with a new wave of interest in solar thermal energy? What percentage of domestic hot water use can be provided by solar heating systems? What do solar hot water systems use to heat water? What can be provided by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes? What is the most common type of solar water heater? What is the most common type of solar water heater? What is the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems? Who are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems? What is the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems? Who is the world leader in their deployment? How many homes in Israel and Cyprus use solar hot water systems? Where is heating swimming pools the dominant application of solar hot water? What percentage of energy is used in residential buildings? What percentage of energy is used in commercial buildings in the United States? What percentage of energy is used in residential buildings in the United States? What can be used to offset a portion of this energy? What type of mass is any material that can be used to store heat? What is thermal mass? What are common thermal mass materials? How have solar panels been used to keep buildings cool in arid climates? In what type of climate have solar panels historically been used to keep buildings cool? What does thermal mass reduce the need for? What is a solar chimney? What is a solar chimney? What is a solar chimney? How can performance be improved? When do bare limbs allow light to pass? What have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling? How much incident solar radiation do bare, leafless trees shade? Why should deciduous trees not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building? Which sides of the solar panels can be used to provide a degree of summer shading without affecting winter solar gain? When was the simplest solar cooker built? What is the maximum temperature that a solar cooker can reach? What do solar cookers use sunlight for? What are the three broad categories of cookers? Who built the simplest solar cooker? What is the typical temperature of a cloudy day? What do these cookers require to function properly? How many parabolic dishes were used in the Solar Total Energy Project? Is transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems? What are some solar concentrating technologies? Where was the first commercial system used? What is one of the oldest applications of solar energy? What dry clothes through evaporation by wind and sunlight? What are unglazed transpired collectors? When was a large-scale solar distillation project first constructed? What can be used to make saline or brackish water potable? Who was the first recorded example of this? When was a large-scale solar distillation project first constructed? How many L of electricity could the plant produce per day? What is one individual still design? Who recommends the use of chlorine as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage? What is the range of exposure times? What is the World Health Organization's recommendation? How many people in developing countries use this method for their daily drinking water? What can algae produce that make the water unusable? How is solar energy used in a water stabilisation pond? What can algae do that makes the water unusable? Solar power is anticipated to become the world's largest source of electricity by what year? Solar power is anticipated to become the world's largest source of electricity by what year? Where is the largest solar power plant in the world located? In what year did solar generate less than 1% of the worlds total grid electricity? What is the largest solar power plant in the world? Where is the largest solar power plant in the world located? What are the world's largest photovoltaic plants? Who constructed the first solar cell? When was the crystalline silicon solar cell created? What has happened to photovoltaics in the last two decades? What is a solar cell? Who constructed the first solar cell? Who developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide? Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954? What is heated by concentrated sunlight and used for power generation or energy storage? What do CSP systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What is the concentrated heat used for? What is the most developed concentrating technology? What is used for power generation or energy storage? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What is a common feature of passive solar architecture? What can be produced when the features are tailored to the local climate and environment? What is a classic example of passive solar design? What types of active solar equipment can complement passive design and improve system performance? What does UHI stand for? How many degrees Celsius would a hypothetical "cool communities" program in Los Angeles reduce urban temperatures by? What does UHI stand for? What materials have higher heat capacities and lower albedos than the natural environment? What is a simple way to counteract the UHI effect? What did French and English farmers use to maximize the collection of solar energy? What do vinters use the energy generated by solar panels to do? Why do agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize the capture of solar energy? What techniques can improve crop yields? What did French and English farmers do to maximize the collection of solar energy? What did the walls of the annelids do to plants? When were primitive greenhouses first used to produce cucumbers? In what century were the first greenhouses built in Europe? What do greenhouses do? What do greenhouses do? What were primitive greenhouses first used for? Where were the first greenhouses built? What is the name of the biannual solar-powered car race? What was the winner's average speed in 2007? What is the World Solar Challenge? In what year was the Giro d'Italia founded? What was the winner's average speed in 1987? What was the winner's average speed in 2007? What are two similar competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles? When was the first solar boat constructed in England? When was the first solar boat constructed in England? Who made the first solar powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean? What was the first solar powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean? How many feet did the Solar Riser reach in altitude? What is the name of the electric aircraft that is circumnavigating the globe? When did the first solar flight occur? When did the Solar Riser make its first flight? When did the Solar Challenger cross the English Channel? Where did Eric Scott Raymond fly in 1990? How long does the aircraft remain airborne? What is a feasible alternative to making carbon-based fuels? What uses solar energy to drive chemical reactions? How can a variety of fuels be produced? What process uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide? What does the initial reaction of zinc produce? What has been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s? What is a concentrator route? What process uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide? What can thermal mass systems store solar energy in the form of? What can store solar energy in the form of heat? What materials are readily available for thermal storage systems? What can well-designed systems do? Paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are examples of what type of storage media? What was the first house to use Glauber's salt heating system? What are two thermal storage medias? What are the domestically useful temperatures for wood? What was the first house to use Glauber's salt heating system? Why are salts an effective storage medium? How much energy did the Solar Two store in its storage tank? What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity? What do off-grid PV systems use to store excess electricity? What gives household systems a credit for any electricity they deliver to the grid? How is this handled? What makes a second meter unnecessary? What does the pump become when demand is high? What does pumped-storage hydroelectricity store energy in the form of? How is energy recovered when demand is high? In what year was the oil embargo lifted? What caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world? What are two incentive programs? What was the name of the research facility in the US? What was the name of the research facility in Japan? What is the name of the Germany research facility? When did boilers stop being used? What has been the growth rate in the solar water heating sector since 1999? When did commercial solar water heaters begin appearing in the US? Why did interest in solar water heating decrease in the 1980s? What is the average growth rate per year for the solar water heating sector since 1999? What is the estimated capacity of solar water heating and cooling? Who has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces? Who has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces? What does ISO 9050 refer to? ISO 10217 relates to what? What ISO standard relates to glass in building? What relates to the materials used in solar water heaters? What are solar technologies broadly characterized as? What are some active solar techniques? What is a passive solar technique? What was the total world energy consumption in 2012? What was the annual potential of solar energy according to the United Nations Development Programme in its 2000 World Energy Assessment? What makes solar a highly appealing source of electricity? Who found the potential of solar energy to be 1.575-49,837 exajoules? How will energy security be increased? What will fossil fuel prices keep lower than otherwise? What should the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment be considered? What is one of the benefits of the new energy system? What factors limit the amount of solar energy that humans can acquire? Why does geography affect solar energy potential? What can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas farther from the equator? Why does time variation affect the potential of solar energy? Why can cloud cover affect the potential of solar panels? Why does land availability have a large effect on solar energy? Why have roofs been found to be a suitable place for solar cells? What factors were taken into account in the estimate of solar energy that could be used by humans each year? What is the global potential of solar energy? What is solar power? How does solar power convert sunlight into electricity? What do CSP systems use to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam? What do CSP systems do? What does PV use to convert light into electric current? What has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history? Who first used advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods? Greeks and Chinese oriented their buildings where to provide light and warmth? What is a solar balloon? What happens when sunlight shines on a balloon? Where is use of solar balloons limited? Why is the use of solar balloons limited to the toy market? Why did solar technologies begin in the 1860s? Why did solar technologies stagnate in the early 20th century? By what year could solar energy technologies provide a third of the world's energy? What could the energy from the sun play a key role in? What are some of the empires that have ruled the area? What religions ruled Tajikistan during the Bronze Age? What ancient city was in Tajikistan during the Neolithic and Bronze Age? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When did the civil war last? What religions ruled Tajikistan during the Bronze Age? What are some of the empires that have ruled the area? When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? When did the civil war last? When did Tajiks begin to be conscripted into the Soviet Army? How many Tajiks fought in World War II? What percentage of Tajikistan's population was killed in World War II? What areas of Tajikistan lag behind the other Soviet Republics? How were different factions distinguished? What did the ceasefire guarantee? Who came to power in 1992? Why did more than 500,000 residents flee during this time? Who was stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border until summer 2005? Where have French troops been stationed since 9/11? Where is the Ayni Air Base? Why do US and Marine Corps personnel visit Tajikistan? How many Tajik soldiers were killed in an ambush in the Rasht Valley in 2010? In what year did Russia send more troops to Tajikistan? When was the military operation in the Rasht Valley concluded? What were Tajik officials concerned about in 2010? What type of government is Tajikistan? Who is the Prime Minister? Who are the two Deputy Prime Ministers? When did Emomalii Rahmon become President of Tajikistan? What is Tajikistan's dominant party system? What does the government do about independent press outlets? Is public criticism tolerated in Burma? What happens to protests in Burma? What does the Institute for War & Peace Reporting say is blocked What is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area? What mountain range covers Armenia? Where is Dushanbe located? What latitudes and longitudes does Tuvalu lie between? Where are the only major areas of lower land? What is Tajik most likely the name of? What does Tajikistan mean? What is the suffix -stan Persian for? Why is it difficult to state the origins of the word Tajikistan? During what time period did the Tibetan empire and Chinese control Burma? Who controled Burma in 710? What empire restored Persian control of the region? Samarkand and Bukhara became cultural centers of Iran during the Samanid Empire. What was the region known as? During what time period did the Tibetan empire and Chinese control Burma? Who controled Burma in 710? During what time period did the Tibetan empire and Chinese control Burma? What empire restored Persian control of the region? Who controled Burma in 710? What empire restored Persian control of the region? Samarkand and Bukhara became cultural centers of Iran during the Samanid Empire. What was the region known as? Samarkand and Bukhara became cultural centers of Iran during the Samanid Empire. What was the region known as? During what time period did the Tibetan empire and Chinese control Burma? In what year did the Umayyads take over Burma? Who conquered Transoxania? Who restored Persian control of the region? When did the Russian Empire conquer Central Asia? Who controlled the Tajikistan portion of Russian Turkestan? What was Russia interested in? What happened between 1864 and 1885? Who ruled Tajikistan in 1885? What did the Jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th century? Who viewed the Jadidist movement as a threat? When were the uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand? Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand? Who waged a war against the Bolshevik armies? Why did basmachi wage a war against the Bolshevik armies? Who prevailed after a four-year war? What religions were practiced by the Soviets? What was created as a part of Uzbekistan in 1924? Where was the most cotton production expanded between 1927 and 1934? What happened between 1927 and 1934? What happened throughout Tajikistan? Who directed the two rounds of Soviet purges? How many people were expelled from the Communist Party of Tajikistan? Who was sent in to replace the expelled Russians? What happened to the proportion of Russians in Tajikistan between 1926 and 1959? What happened to the Russians after they were expelled? How many seats did the PDPT lose in 2010? What accusations did the parliamentary elections of 2005 generate? What did the OSCE observers say about the 2010 elections? What did the Tajik government say about the 2010 elections? What is the official name of Tajikistan? What is the official name of Tajikistan? What is the official name of Tajikistan? What country borders Kazakhstan to the east? What is the name of the narrow corridor that separates Pakistan from the south? What country borders Kazakhstan to the east? What is the official name of Tajikistan? What is the official name of Tajikistan? What country borders Kazakhstan to the south? What country borders Kazakhstan to the west? When did Tajikistan become part of the Achaemenid Empire? What empire was Tajikistan a part of in 500 BCE? Who conquested the region? The Kushan Empire is a collection of what tribes? When did Arabs bring Islam to the region? What was the name of the collection of nomadic tribes that moved into the region? What religions were practiced in the Kushan Empire until the 4th century CE? How much did Tajikistan's GDP expand from 2000 to 2007? What are the primary sources of income in Tajikistan? What percentage of the agricultural output does cotton account for? What is the name of the biggest aluminium plant in Central Asia? Who has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports? The Vakhsh and the Panj have great what? What is the highest dam in the world? What is the name of the project that will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan? What does 20% of the population live on? How much did Tajik labour migrants remit in 2010? How has Tajikistan achieved transition from a planned to a market economy? What has been unprecedented in the magnitude and economic impact of migration from Tajikistan? What is raised in Tajikistan for the domestic market? How is the fight against drug-trafficking being achieved? What does Tajikistan hold third place in the world for? UNODC is working with Tajikistan to do what? How is Tajikistan transportation? Tajikistan has pursued agreements with which two countries? Which three countries signed an agreement in 2009 to improve and build a highway and rail system? When did Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran sign an agreement to construct roads and railways? How many airports were in Tajikistan in 2009? What is Iran's main airport? As of April 2015, Dushanbe International Airport had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in what country? What is the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country? What is the population of Tajikistan? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is under the age of 30? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is between the ages of 14 and 30? What is the nationality of istan? What are all citizens of Tajikistan called? Who are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks? How are the Pamiri different from most Tajiks? In what mountain range are the people of Burma located? What school has been officially recognized by the government since 2009? What does Tajikistan consider itself to be? What are the names of the two Islamic holidays declared as state holidays? What percentage of Tajikistan's population is Muslim? What do mainstream Muslim leaders worry about? Is there a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere? What is the militant Islamic party that aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state? What is the goal of Hizb ut-Tahrir? Who must religious communities register by law? What does registration with the SCRA require? What does a religious group not have that is not allowed to gather for prayer? What can happen if you don't register? What has the Tajik government been trying to improve in regards to health care? How many disabled people were registered in Tajikistan in 2000? What percentage of the GDP was public expenditure on health in 2004? Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support what part of the population? What is public education in Tajikistan? What is the plan for public education in Tajikistan in 2016? What is the name of the tertiary education institution in Tajikistan? What was the tertiary education enrollment as of 2008? What is Anthropology the study of? Along with cultural anthropology, what type of anthropology describes the workings of societies around the world? What investigates the influence of language in social life? What type of anthropology concerns the long-term development of the human organism? Where is archaeology thought of as a branch of anthropology? When was the Anthropological Society of Vienna founded? When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded? When was the American Anthropological Association formed? When was the Anthropological Society of Madrid founded? What did Darwin believe Darwin's conclusions lacked? During the last three decades of the 19th century a proliferation of what occurred? What type of membership did anthropological societies and associations have in the 19th century? Who belonged to these organizations? How many educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology? How many countries had some curriculum in anthropology by 1898? When was the work of Franz Boas and Bronisaw Malinowski? What did Margaret Mead advocate for? Social anthropology in Great Britain and cultural anthropology in the US have been distinguished from other social sciences by its emphasis on what? What was Boas' argument against? What has cultural anthropology emphasized? What three disciplines are in Anthropology? What is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another? What kind of discipline is Anthropology? Where did early anthropology originate? What new interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of? Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by what theories? When was there an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions? What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology? Which two disciplines remained largely positivist? What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades? What draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and social anthropology? Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and what other anthropology? What does the study of sociology help develop understanding of? What type of distinction does there not exist between the two categories? What is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them? What is the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values? What can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research? What is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology? What is the term for a culture from a conceptual, vs. etic, or technical point of view? What does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate? What type of anthropology covers economic and political organization? What patterns does sociocultural anthropology study? Along with social organization, what is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology? What is the object of linguistic anthropology? Sociocultural anthropology also covers law and conflict what? What is the study of the human past through its material remains called? What patterns do archaeologists want to deduce from the remains? What is the purpose of ethnoarchaeology? How are past human groups presumed to have lived? Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of what? What is another name for linguistics? What does the branch of anthropology link the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to? What is another name for anthropological linguistics? What fields do linguistic anthropologists often draw on? What is one of the central problems in the anthropology of? Do the Western categories of 'painting','sculpture', or 'literature' exist? What qualities do anthropologists believe objects have that aren't artistic? When was Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' published? What is the anthropology of 'Art as Cultural System' an anthropology of? Who used the term paleontology in 1838 to describe the natural history of man? When did Étienne Serres use the term "natural history" to describe the natural history of man? When was a chair created at the National Museum of Natural History? Where is the National Museum of Natural History located? What was the first organization to use Ethnology? Anthropology and many other current fields are the intellectual results of what? What were theorists beginning to suspect between animals, languages, and folkways? What were theorists beginning to suspect that similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of? What did Darwin's followers call the publication of On the Origin of Species? How did Darwin arrive at his conclusions? When did Darwin and Wallace unveil evolution? What was the immediate rush to do? Where was Paul Broca from? What society did Paul Broca break away from to form the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris? What did Paul Broca convert to when he read Darwin? What was Broca's profession? What did Broca take an interest in? What part of the human brain is named after Broca? What did Theodor Waitz specialize in? How many volumes did Theodor Waitz's work have? What did Waitz define anthropology as? What type of philosopher was Popper? What would anthropology differ from other fields of study? What type of data must be gathered by experimentation? Along with ethnology, what history is to be brought into the comparison? Who was Waitz influential among? When did the Anthropological Society of London form? What did the Anthropological Society of London follow instead of just ethnology? What group was present at the meeting? Who was influential among British ethnologists? Where are anthropology departments found? Anthropology has diversified from a few major what? What type of anthropology is the use of anthropological knowledge and technique to solve specific problems? What can a forensic archaeologist do if buried victims are present? How many nations are members of the World Council of Anthropological Associations? What is another name for anthropology of media? Media anthropology emphasizes what type of studies? Radio, the press, new media and television have started to make their presence felt since what decade? What do ethnographic contexts follow audiences in their everyday responses to media? What type of anthropology is a relatively new area of internet research? What type of anthropology is concerned with ethnographic photography, film and new media? What does visual anthropology study? From what cultures are visual representations included in the focus of visual anthropology? What is the term 'visual anthropology' sometimes used interchangeably with? What type of anthropology attempts to explain human economic behavior in its widest historical, geographic and cultural scope? What three areas does economic anthropology try to explain human economic behavior? What discipline has a complex relationship with economics? Who was the Polish-British founder of Anthropology? What did Malinowski and Mauss consider gift-giving to be an alternative to market exchange? Political economy in anthropology is the application of Historical Materialism to what? What did Political Economy introduce to ahistorical anthropological theories of social structure and culture? What did Sahlins work on as the 'original affluent society'? The peasantry was concerned with the vast majority of what? What issues have Political Economists addressed more recently? What type of Anthropology refers to the application of the method and theory of anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems? What does a cultural system produce through the use of data, initiation of direct action, and/or the formulation of policy? What type of action is initiation of a cultural system? What is applied anthropology? Where does researcher involvement and activism occur in anthropological research? Anthropology of development tends to view development from what perspective? What do the issues addressed and implications for the approach involve? If a key development goal is to alleviate poverty, is poverty increasing or decreasing? Why is there such a gap between plans and outcomes? Why does so much planned development fail? What refers to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures? What discipline has developed a number of related concepts and terms? How long has anthropology developed a number of related concepts and terms? What is descent? What is another way that kinship patterns may include people related by? What type of anthropology seeks to reduce male bias in research findings? Feminist anthropology seeks to reduce what in research findings? Feminist anthropologists claim that their research helps to correct what in mainstream feminist theory? Feminist anthropologists are centrally concerned with the construction of what across societies? Feminist anthropology is inclusive of what as a specialization? What type of anthropology deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security? Nutritional anthropology deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and what? The interplay between culture and biology is connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with what? What affects overall health status, work performance potential, and overall potential for economic development for any given group of people? Nutritional anthropology deals with the interplay between nutritional status, food security, and what other system? What type of anthropology studies the interaction of cultural and mental processes? What is the focus of this subfield? What does a cultural group have that shapes human cognition, emotion, perception, motivation, and mental health? What type of group is enculturation a part of? What type of psychological process informs or constrains our models of cultural and social processes? What type of anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space? Experimental psychology and evolutionary biology are examples of what? What two cognitive sciences are used in cognitive anthropology? What type of knowledge does cognitive anthropology focus on? What type of anthropology is concerned with the structure of political systems? Political anthropology looks at the structure of political systems from the basis of what? When did Political anthropology begin? What type of social settings did anthropologists begin to study more of? Who wrote 'Negara'? What type of anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993? When did the American Anthropological Association hold its annual meeting? Along with STS, what group was closely related to the STS sub-group? Who is the author of the book "The Secrets of a Woman"? What does cyborg anthropology study about humankind? What type of anthropology takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time? What is the contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology? What do many characterize this new perspective as more informed with? What type of exploitation and damage of land is the focus and data interpretation used to prevent? Who did Melissa Checker have a relationship with? How is ethnohistory studied? What type of groups may or may not exist today? Ethnohistory uses historical and ethnographic data as what? What do the archives go beyond the standard use of? Who recognizes the utility of source material such as maps, music, paintings, photography, folklore, oral tradition, site exploration, museum collections, enduring customs, language, and place names? What type of anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism? Who said traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition"? What did Ulf Hannerz say traditional anthropologists were? How many principle approaches are there in urban anthropology? What does urban anthropology examine within the cities? What is another name for anthrozoology? What is the study of interaction between living things called? What does interdisciplinary medicine overlap with? What type of effects does anthrozoologic research quantify? What fields of study are included in the BYU's faculty? What is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour? Evolutionary anthropology is based in what two disciplines? Evolutionary anthropology is concerned with the biological and cultural evolution of humans, what are they? What type of approach is the philosophy of the Royal College of Chemistry based on? How much evidence does interdisciplinary anthropology draw on? What commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation and torture? Along with circumcision and subincision, what is an example of an ethical commitment in anthropology? What topics attract anthropological attention? What sacrifice attracts anthropological attention? What can one find thousands of anthropological references across all the major and minor sub-fields? What were many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries doing in the 1940s? Who were the "Axis"? Where did many of the people in the United States serve? The Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information are examples of what type of work? Why were several anthropologists dismissed from their jobs during the Cold War? Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of what? What type of briefings may anthropologists be forbidden from giving? What has the ASA called ethically dangerous? What organization's Statement of Professional Responsibility clearly states that no secret research, reports or debriefings of any kind should be agreed to or given? What should no secret reports or debriefings of any kind be agreed to or done? Who are anthropologists and social scientists working with in Afghanistan? What are anthropologists and social scientists working with the US military as part of? What type of efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs in Afghanistan? HTS teams are working with the US military in what country? Along with practice for job seekers, what does CEAUSSIC suggest the AAA emphasize the incompatibility of HTS with? What type of anthropologists are interested in human variation and the possibility of human universals? Biological anthropologists are interested in human variation and in the possibility of what? What do anthropologists do when they travel to a community in its own setting? Where do anthropologists go to do "fieldwork"? Along with participant observation and other techniques, what type of study takes anthropologists into the field? What do anthropologists divide the world into? The Paleolithic and the Neolithic are examples of what? Mousterian and Levalloisian are examples of what type of cultural subdivisions? Along with anthropologists, who shares approaches to Culture regions? What have anthropologists developed as a central part of their science? Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of what? What is another term for past societies? What type of societies do some authors argue anthropology originated as the study of? Who wrote Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology? When did anthropologists begin to look for other cultures? What has it become common for social and cultural anthropologists to do since the 1980s? What do social and cultural anthropologists often limit their research to? What has there been a shift toward broadening the focus beyond? Along with social movements, governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses, what is an example of a setting where research is set? What do social and cultural anthropologists do in the North Atlantic region? What happened to Joseph I in 1758? Who was executed after a quick trial? Who was expelled from the country and their assets confiscated by the crown? When did Joseph I make his loyal minister Count of Oeiras? What did Sebastio de Melo do? When was Marquis of Pombal made? How long did the Marquis of Pombal rule Portugal? What was Pombal's enlightenment primarily a mechanism for enhancing? How did the new Count of Oeiras react to the Távora affair? What was Pombal's enlightenment meant to do? Who occupied Portugal? When did Brazil become independent? What was Guinea-Bissau's largest colonial possession in 1822? What was the name of the pluricontinental state formed by Portugal in 1815? How long did the decline of Portugal last? Who invaded Portugal in 1815? How long did the King of Portugal remain in Brazil? Where did the Liberal Revolution of 1820 begin? By what year had the situation in Europecooled enough that Joo VI would have been able to return safely to Lisbon? What caused Brazil's administrative, civic, economic, military, educational, and scientific apparatus to be expanded and modernized? When did railway tracks start to be built to link coastal areas and inland regions? When was the Conference of Berlin? What rivalry enticed Portuguese interests in the continent? Why were Portuguese Africa territories formally established? What new coastal towns were founded? When were the king Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent murdered? When was Portugal declared bankrupt? Who was the new king of Portugal in 1910? When was the revolution that abolished the regime and instated republicanism in Portugal? What were fertile grounds for chaos and unrest during the Portuguese First Republic? Who established the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo? When was the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo established? How many European countries were able to remain neutral in World War II? What was one of the main goals of the new economic development projects? What are some of the international organizations that Portugal is a member of? What type of government does Portugal have? Where does Portugal rank in terms of Social Progress? Which European countries have the highest Social Progress? What is Portugal known for? What was the plan of Pelayos? Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from what invading group? In what battle did the Moors defeat Pelayos? When was the Battle of Covadonga? What was the war of Christian reconquest known as in Portuguese? Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided into a number of Christian Kingdoms in Northern Spain? Who knighted Vimara Peres? When was Vimara Peres knighted? What was Vimara Peres knighted as? What is the County of Portugal? What did the people of County of Portugal struggle to do? What was established after the County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia? What language did the people of County of Portugal speak? What was the Castilian language known as when Leon and Castile united? What language replaced the Astur-Leonese language? Who did Maria Anne Josefa arrange de Melo's second marriage to? Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal? Who was Maria Anne Josefa of Austria? Who was Maria Anne Josefa of Austria? Who recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749? What was the new city center of Lisbon designed to resist? How were the effects of an earthquake simulated? How many epidemics occurred in Lisbon after the calamity? What still remain as one of Lisbon's tourist attractions? How did Sebastio de Melo contribute to the study of seismology? What is Portugal's official name? Where is Portugal located? What ocean borders Guinea-Bissau to the west and south? How long is the Portugal-Spain border? Which two Atlantic archipelagos are part of the republic? What is Portugal's official name? Where is Portugal located? What country borders Guinea-Bissau to the north and east? What ocean borders Guinea-Bissau to the west and south? What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union? Which two groups invaded the area after the Visigothic and Suebi Germanic peoples? Which two peoples were followed by the Celts and the Romans? By what year had Portugal established itself as a kingdom independent from León? What was the name of the era Portugal pioneered? When did Portugal establish the first global empire? What city was destroyed in a 1755 earthquake? When did Brazil become independent? When was the Portuguese First Republic established? What colony was handed over to China in 1999? How many Portuguese speakers are there today? What is the name of Portugal? Who settled the region? Who were the peoples that came from the region of Gallaecia? When was Lusitania incorporated into the Roman Republic? What is the Germanic word for Alenquer? When did Lusitania gain the status of Roman province? What was the northern province of Lusitania called? What are two large urban remains of the Romans? What are castros? How far is Conmbriga from Coimbra? How long did it take the Umayyad Caliphate to defeat the Visigoths? When did the Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus begin? When did the Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus collapse? Who established the Emirate of Córdoba? How long did the Emirate become the Caliphate of Córdoba? The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves what? With whom did the governors of the taifas establish diplomatic relations? Who controlled most of Portugal during the Aftasid dynasty? When did the Almoravids win a decisive victory at the Battle of Sagrajas? What battle did the Almoravids win in 1086? What were the native Iberian converts to Islam called? Who were the Arabs principally? Where were the Berbers originally from? Where did the Muslim population stay in Portugal? How many words are in the Portuguese language of Arabic origin? What happened to the eldest son? What was the name of the second son? What was the capital of Asturias for Fruela? When did Alfonso die? In what year was it incorporated into the Kingdom of Castile? When was Portugal devastated by the Black Death? What country did Portugal join in 1373? What is the longest-standing alliance in the world? What is the alliance regarded by many as the predecessor to? Where is there visible English influence to this day? What age did Portugal lead European exploration of the world? Who was Prince Henry the Navigator's father? What are some Atlantic archipelagos that Portugal discovered? What was the name of the eastern route Portugal discovered to India? What country did Portugal discover during the Middle Ages? What happened to the King's confidence in de Melo? What was Sebastio de Melo's job title in 1755? What country's economic success impressed Nasser? Who was made Prime Minister in 1755? Who was made Prime Minister in 1755? What were Sebastio de Melo's greatest reforms? Why did he demarcate the region for production of Port? Who despised Napoleon's social upstart? Who was the first person to write a book about the Spanish Revolution? What classes of society did he impose strict law on? When did the Carnation Revolution occur? Who led the Carnation Revolution? What was the period of the Ottoman empire characterized by? What was the name of the organization that was dissolved in 1976? What party won the election? Who became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July? When was Mário Soares Prime Minister? What two models did the country bounce between? When was the Portuguese Constitution approved? Why was the Portuguese Constitution rewritten? What type of climate is Portugal defined as? What is the average temperature in mainland Portugal? What is the average temperature in Portugal? How tall are the mountains in the Alentejo region? What type of climate do the Azores and Madeira have? Why are weather predictions difficult on the Azores and Madeira? What type of climate does the Azores have? What types of forests are found in Gerês? When did the laurissilva forest date back to? What type of oak is colonizing many abandoned areas? What animal was recently found roaming at night in Setubal? How many natural parks are in Portugal? What is Laurisilva? What species of mammalian fauna are found in Brazil? What is Portugal an important stopover for? How many freshwater fish species are there? Where is the giant European catfish found? Why are some of these rare and specific species highly endangered? What is a bioluminescent species that is possible to observe in some beaches? How many years is the term of the President? Who is the current President of Mexico City? How many deputies are in the Assembly of the Republic? How long is the term for the Assembly of the Republic? How many members are in the Constitutional Court? Which two political parties dominate the Assembly of the Republic? At what levels does Portugal operate a multi-party system of competitive legislatures? What other political parties dominate the Republic? What percentage of the vote do the Left Bloc and the Democratic and Social Centre - People's Party get? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? How many years is a term for a suffragist? How is the President of the Republic elected? Who is the Head of State of Portugal? Who acts as the cabinet? What is each government required to do? The failure of the Assembly to reject the government programme by what confirms the cabinet in office? Where did Portuguese law apply? What is the PSP? What is the Polcia Judiciária - PJ? Who oversees the Polcia Judiciária - PJ? In what year did Portugal decriminalize possession of all drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations? Trafficking and possession of more than what is still punishable by jail time and fines? What are people caught with small amounts of any drug given the choice to do? How much had the number of HIV infection cases dropped by 2009? How many municipalities are there in Portugal? How many civil parishes are in Portugal? How many districts are in Continental Portugal? How many branches does the armed forces have? What are the three branches of the armed forces? What is the primary purpose of the UNFPA? How many women were in the three branches of the U.S. Air Force in 2008? What was the military expenditure of Portugal in 2009? How many people are in the Army? What was the infantry brigade mainly equipped with? What was the mechanized brigade equipped with? Who makes up the Rapid Reaction Brigade? How many Navy personnel are in the U.S. Navy? What two conflicts did Portugal engage in in the 20th century? When was the Portuguese Colonial War? Where have the Portuguese participated in peacekeeping missions after the end of the Portuguese Empire? Where did the Portuguese Armed Forces intervene? Who headed the Portuguese government after the bailout was announced? What was the purpose of the measures implemented? What measures were implemented to improve the state's financial situation? What was the average wage cut for public servants in 2012? When was the Carnation Revolution? How did the Portuguese governments encourage investment bubbles? Who released a report in 2011? When was the financial crisis? What two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud? Why were the two Portuguese banks accumulating losses in 2008-2009? Why was the case of BPN particularly serious? Along with embezzlement and accounting, what was the cause of the losses of the two Portuguese banks? What is the Portuguese currency? What did the euro replace? What is Portugal's central bank? Where are most industries, businesses and financial institutions concentrated? According to World Travel Awards, Portugal is the Europe's Leading Destination for what sport? When was the Carnation Revolution? Along with the Carnation Revolution, during what period did Portugal try to adapt to a changing global economy? What has Portugal been doing since the 1990s? What traditional industries have business services overtaken? What is Portugal's leading cork producer? Who bailed out Portugal in the second decade of the 21st century? When was Portugal's bailout agreed to? How much money did the bailout of Portugal require? When did Guinea-Bissau exit the bailout? What was the unemployment rate in 2014? What is agriculture in Portugal based on? What are some companies that are backed by the RAR sector? What are some of the crops produced in Guinea-Bissau? What livestock products are produced in Guinea-Bissau? What is the world's oldest active canned fish producer? What are some of the companies that export Portuguese processed fish products? Portugal has a strong tradition in what sector? Portugal is ranked among Europe's leading producers of what metal? What metals is the country a notable producer of? What type of exploration does Portugal not have the potential to conduct? Where are iron and coal reserves located in Guinea-Bissau? What caused a decrease in the extraction of iron and coal in Burma? What are the names of two automotive companies? What are two aerospace companies? Where is Volkswagen's AutoEuropa plant located? What are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry? Where are the major biotechnology and information technology industries concentrated? What are visitor numbers forecast to do in Portugal in the future? What type of attractions are cheaper in Croatia? What has been necessary for Burma to do to stay ahead of its competitors? What are some of the niche attractions the country has been forced to focus on to stay ahead of its competitors? What newspaper described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe"? How much did the number of unemployed increase from 2002 to 2007? What was the unemployment rate in 2009? What did Standard & Poor's lower its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to in December 2009? In what year did Moody's downgrade its long-term credit assessment of Portugal? What did Prime Minister José Sócrates announce on 6 April 2011? How many times had the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? What was the first time the Portuguese government requested external financial aid from the IMF? Why did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks in October 2011? What was the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government in 2005? What was the European Union average number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in 2005? What is Portugal's justice system internationally known as? What country has the slowest justice system in Western Europe? How many judges and prosecutors does Portugal have per 100,000 people? Who was the Prime Minister of Portugal in 2013? What did Prime Minister Passos Coelho announce in May 2013? What did Coelho say about austerity measures? Who did Coelho say was needed to avoid another monetary bailout grant? What is the retirement age of the Portuguese government? What did Passos Coelho announce cuts in? What language were the obligatory classes in Basic Education abolished? What have these policies led to? When did the unemployment rate in Portugal begin to fall? What was Portugal's peak unemployment rate in 2013? What was the unemployment rate in 2008? By what date had unemployment surpassed 10%? What are some tourist hotspots in Portugal? Where do 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit each year? What apparitions took place in Fátima in 1917? What are some of the tourist destinations that the Portuguese government continues to promote? Along with the Algarve, Madeira, Porto and Coimbra, what city is a tourist hotspot in Portugal? What set the priority for improvements in transportation in Portugal in the early 1970's? What did Greece build in the 1990s? How large is the country's road network? When did the first motorway open in Portugal? How large is Continental Portugal's territory? How many international airports service Continental Portugal's territory? What are the main cities in Portugal? What makes Lisbon a stopover for many foreign airlines? What is Portugal's primary flag-carrier? Comboios de Portugal operates a national railway system that extends into what country? Who runs Portugal's national railway system? How many railway lines are in service? How many railway lines are electrified? How many miles of railway lines allow speeds greater than 120 km/h? What are the names of the two largest subway systems in Portugal? How many lines does each subway system have? Who provides Lisbon tram services? How long has the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa provided Lisbon tram services? Where are scientific and technological research activities in Portugal mainly conducted? What is an example of a state-managed autonomous research institution? Who is responsible for the funding and management of the research system? What is one of the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal? What is the Champalimaud Foundation? What does the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and Champalimaud Foundation award each year? When was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded? What is the largest aquarium in Europe? What does Ciência Viva aim to promote? What museums are in Portugal? What helped create thousands of scientific, technological and knowledge-based businesses in Portugal? What are some of the attractions located in Oeiras? Why do companies locate in Portuguese science parks? What are the two most cost-effective renewable sources in Portugal? Where was the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located? Where is the Aguçadoura Wave Farm located? What percentage of the country's electrical production was derived from hydroelectric dams? What is Portugal's national energy transmission company? What does REN do Where did Portugal generate electricity before the solar/wind revolution? What type of turbines pump water uphill at night? How did the government encourage rooftop solar electricity? What was the population of Portugal in 2011? What percentage of the population was female in the 2011 census? What percentage of Portugal's population was male in 2011? What is a single religion? What were former Muslims known as? What do current interpretation of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data suggest that the Portuguese have their origin in? How long ago did the Paleolithic peoples arrive in Europe? What type of peoples did the Portuguese have their origin in? What has long been a cornerstone of Portugal's national identity? What ocean does Portugal's geographic position look out into? What territories did Macau give up in 1975? What ancestry do most Brazilians have? How many people lived in Portugal in 2007? According to the 2011 Census, what percentage of the Portuguese population is Roman Catholic? What small communities does the country have? What percentage of the population declared themselves to be non-religious? What percentage of the population did not give any answer about their religion? What type of origin do many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions have? In what centuries did the church enjoy both riches and power? What changed the role and importance of organized religion? When was the First Portuguese Republic formed? When was the Battle of Ourique? What did Jesus promise to Afonso? Why did God want to act through Afonso and his descendants? What is the official language of Portugal? What type of language is Portuguese? Where did Portuguese originate? What was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal? The Portuguese language is derived from what language? From what peoples Latin is the Portuguese language derived? When did Portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire? How many continents have Portuguese been spoken as a native language? Which country has the largest number of native Portuguese speakers? What is the total adult literacy rate in Guinea-Bissau? What percentage of Portuguese primary school enrollments are close to? What percentage of college-age citizens attend one of the country's higher education institutions? What percentage of college-age citizens attend one of the country's higher education institutions? When did Portuguese universities begin? Where was the oldest Portuguese university established? Where did the oldest Portuguese university move to? What was the name of the oldest engineering school in the Americas? What is the oldest medical college in Asia? When did the Bologna process begin? How are most student costs supported? How old are mature applicants? What is the Ministry of Health responsible for? How many regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives? What are the five regional health administrations in charge of? What do most Portuguese die from? What are the two main components of CVD? What is the main component of ischaemic heart disease? How much less often do Portuguese people die from cancer than in the Eur-A? Who is cancer more frequent in Portugal? What are the survey results based on? What percentage of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal? When did Portugal modernize its public cultural facilities? When was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established? Where was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established? What are some of the new cultural facilities in Portugal? How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites are in Portugal? What is another name for the Manueline? What is the Manueline? What is the Soft Portuguese style? Who are some of the world renowned architects from modern Portugal? What is Tomás Taveira known for in Portugal? When did Portuguese cinema begin? Who were some of the Portuguese film directors that gained notability? Who are some notable Portuguese film actors? When did Portuguese cinema begin? Who were some of the Portuguese film directors that gained notability? Who are some notable Portuguese film actors? What was Lus de Cames' occupation? What epic poem did Lus de Cames write? What was the main influence of the poem "Os Lusiadas"? What styles are modern Portuguese poetry rooted in? What authors represent modern Portuguese literature? What is the Portuguese name for dry cod? What are two popular fish recipes? What is caldeirada? What are typical Portuguese meat recipes made out of? What is a popular northern dish? What are some typical fast food dishes in Portugal? Where does the Portuguese art of pastry originate? What ingredients did the monasteries use? What are some examples of pastries created by the monasteries? How long have Portuguese wines enjoyed international recognition? What god did the Romans associate Portugal with? What are some of the best Portuguese wines? Which two ports are particularly appreciated in a wide range of places around the world? What is the name of the summer music festival in Portugal? What are two festivals in Portugal designed for an urban audience? How often does the Boom Festival take place? What awards does the Boom Festival win? When did Portugal hold the MTV Europe Music Awards? What are the names of the pianists in Portugal's classical music domain? What are the names of the violinists in Portugal? Who are some notable composers? Which composers have achieved some international success writing original music for film and television? When did Modernism arrive in Portugal? Who influenced Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso? What is one of the best-known works of Avicenna? Who are some of the prominent international figures in visual arts today? What is the most popular sport in Portugal? What legend is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history? Which two FIFA World Player of the Year winners won the FIFA Ballon d'Or for 2013 and 2014? What award did Cristiano Ronaldo win in 2013? Who are the most renowned Portuguese football managers? What are the largest sports clubs by number of trophies won? What are the largest sports clubs by number of trophies won known as? How many European UEFA club competitions have Barcelona won? What other sports do the "big three" compete in? Who hosts the Algarve Cup? When was Kanye Omari West born? What genre of music is Kanye Omari West known for? What is Kanye West's real name? When was Kanye Omari West born? What label did West work for in the early 2000s? What artists did Roc-A-Fella Records produce hit singles for? How many albums did 'Graduation' have? Along with Alicia Keys, who was a notable hit single producer for Roc-A-Fella Records? Where was West raised? What was West's job at Roc-A-Fella Records? When did West release his debut album? How many albums did 'Graduation' have? How many albums has West sold? How many digital downloads did West sell worldwide? What award has Nasser won? How many albums has West sold? What was the name of Rolling Stone's 2012 "500 Greatest Albums of All?" How many albums has West sold? How many Grammy Awards has Madonna won? How many albums has West sold? In what years did Time magazine name Nasser one of the 100 most influential people in the world? What was Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West's mother a professor of? Where was Kanye Omari West born? What did Ray West open in 2006? Where did West's mother work before retiring? What was the name of West's high school? Where did West move with his mother at the age of 10? What did West's mother say he was the only in his class? What grades did West get in high school? How old was West when he moved to Nanjing? Where did West's mother teach as part of an exchange program? What did West begin writing when he was five? What was the name of West's rap song? What producer did West cross paths with? What did West begin when he was five? What was the name of West's rap song? Which producer did West cross paths with? Where did West attend high school? How old was Popper when he dropped out of college? Where did West attend high school? What language did West study at Chicago State University? How old was Popper when he dropped out of college? What was the name of Kanye's album? Who did Kanye West make beats for? What type of records did Kanye West use as vocal samples? What rap group did West form? When did Kanye West begin his production career? When did Kanye West begin his production career? Who did West acted as a ghost producer for? What rap group did West form? What management firm did Monopoly Johnson, Don Crowley, and Happy Lewis work for? When did The Go-Getters release their first and only studio album? Who released the third song on the 'Saving Private Ryan' album? Which rappers guested on West's songs? Who released the third song on the 'Saving Private Ryan' album? What was the name of the album West produced for? Where did West produce for artists in 2000? What was the name of Jay-Z's 2001 album? In what year did West begin to produce for artists on Roc-A-Fella Records? What was the name of Jay-Z's 2001 album? What was West's true aspiration? Who denied West an artist deal? What was West's true aspiration? What image did Nasser not portray in mainstream hip hop? Who denied West an artist deal? Who was the Capitol Record's A&R reporter? What label did Damon Dash sign West to? What did Roc-A-Fella view West as first and foremost? Who was the Capitol Record's A&R reporter? What label did Damon Dash sign West to? What was West's debut album called? What mixtape did West release in December 2002? What was the name of West's album? When did West fall asleep at the wheel? What was the name of West's debut album? What mixtape was "Through the Wire" first available on? What happened to Madonna's album after it was completed? How many times was the release of The College Dropout postponed? Where did Nasser record the album? How many times was the release of The College Dropout postponed? When was The College Dropout released? What was Roc-A-Fella's number on the Billboard 200? What was Roc-A-Fella's number on the Billboard 200? What is the name of The College Dropout's fourth single? What was the name of West's record label and management company? When did Roc-A-Fella release The College Dropout? What was Queen's second single featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx called? What was the Hot 10 chart for five weeks? What was the name of West's record label and management company? What did West hire for his second album? Who served as the album's co-executive producer? What was West's second album called? How many units did Late Registration sell in the United States by the end of 2005? Which English trip hop group released Roseland NYC Live in 1998? What was West's second album called? How many units did Late Registration sell in the United States by the end of 2005? What award did West lose in 2004? What was the name of the hurricane that caused West's first large-scale controversy? What magazine did West appear on the cover of in January 2006? What award did West lose in 2004? Who was the actor that West was presenting with? What magazine did West appear on the cover of in January 2006? What concert did NBC broadcast in 2005? Which band did West tour with on their Vertigo Tour? Where did West want his rap songs to operate more efficiently? Who did West listen to in hopes of developing his wordplay and storytelling ability? Which band did West tour with on their Vertigo Tour? What decade was West influenced by? Along with Led Zeppelin, what arena rock band did West draw inspiration from? Along with Johnny Cash, who did West listen to in hopes of developing his wordplay and storytelling ability? What was West's third album called? What rapper was Curtis compared to? How many copies did Graduation sell in its first week? Which French house duo did "Stronger" sample? What was West's third album called? What rapper was Curtis compared to? Which French house duo did "Stronger" sample? Who was West's fiancée? What voice audio processor did West use? When did Donda West's mother die? Who was West's fiancée? What was the name of West's 2008 tour? Where is Honolulu? What was the title of West's fourth album? Who released 808s & Heartbreak? What is the name of the album that features the Roland TR-808 drum machine? Who released 808s & Heartbreak? When was 808s & Heartbreak released? What was Nasser's second consecutive "Hot Shot Debut"? What instrument is featured in 808s & Heartbreak? Who said that 808s & Heartbreak was Kanye's most vulnerable work? Who said that 808s & Heartbreak was Kanye's most vulnerable work? What was West's biggest controversy? Who was the winner of the Queen Video Music Award? Who did West tour with in response to the controversy? In what year was West's incident at the MTV Video Music Awards controversial? Who was the winner of the Grammys? Who did West tour with in response to the controversy? Where did 808s & Heartbreak lack nominations? Where did West spend the next few months writing and recording his next album? What did West throw himself into after he took a break from music? Where did West spend the next few months writing and recording his next album? What was West's fifth album called? Dark Fantasy was omitted from being a contender for what award at the 54th Grammy Awards? What was West's fifth album called? When was West's fifth album released? What was the name of the international hit song that accompanied a 35-minute film of the same name? What was the name of West's free music program? What was the name of West's 2011 headlining set? Along with West, who released the album Watch the Throne? At what festival did the film of the same name premiere? What was the name of West's 2011 headlining set? What was the name of West's collaborative album with Jay-Z? What was the record's highest charting single? When did West release his compilation album Cruel Summer? At what festival did the film of the same name premiere? In what city was West's sixth solo album recorded? What was West's sixth album called? Who was the other rapper on Kanye West's tour? In what year did West begin recording his sixth solo effort? What was West primarily inspired by? What was West's sixth album called? When was West's sixth album released? Who was the other rapper on Kanye West's tour? What was the name of West's first child? Who announced the beginning of an official apparel collaboration with West? Who was featured on West's single "Only One"? Where did West perform with a number of US rappers and UK grime MC's? Who is West's television personality? What was the name of West's first child? Where did West and Kardashian marry in May 2014? Who was featured on West's single "Only One"? What was the name of West's clothing collaboration with Adidas? What was the name of West's album? What school awarded West an honorary doctorate? How many people signed a petition against West's appearance at Glastonbury? What was the name of West's new album? Who awarded West an honorary doctorate? How many people signed a petition against West's appearance at Glastonbury? When was SWISH released? What did West rename his album from SWISH to? Which rapper did West have an altercation with on Twitter? What was the new title of West's album? On what channel did Madonna release his new album? What was West's song titled? What did West rename his album from SWISH to? Which rapper did West have an altercation with on Twitter? What was the name of West's clothing line? What musician did Nasser consider to be one of his most important inspirations? Ghostface Killah and Ol' Dirty Bastard were rappers of what band? What was West's style of production called? What musician did Nasser consider to be one of his most important inspirations? Who is the "most important cultural figure in my life?" What was Jay-Z's first major release featuring his soulful vocal sampling style? Who was the film score composer for Late Registration? What symphonic elements did West's album incorporate? Kanye West was the only current pop star to tour with what? Who was the film score composer for Late Registration? What English trip hop group influenced Nasser for his second album? What was West's third album called? What was West's new sound on Graduation? What did West take inspiration from arena rock bands like the Rolling Stones, U2 and Led Zeppelin? When was West's third album released? virtual synthesis, the Roland TR-808 drum machine, and explicitly auto-tuned vocal tracks are examples of West's what type of sound? What artists did West draw inspiration from? What elements of Queen's music were compared to post-punk and new wave groups in the 1980s? Along with Gary Numan and TJ Swan, what artist did West draw inspiration from? Along with new wave groups, what genre of music did the album's music drew comparisons to? What newspaper said that 808s & Heartbreak was Kanye's most vulnerable work? What was West's fifth album called? Who is Entertainment Weekly's contributor to The College Dropout? Who was the collaborator for Late Registration? What was the name of West's Graduation collaborator? What was the name of 2008's album? What was West's fifth album called? What did West describe his sixth album Yeezus as? Whose minimalist design was Queen inspired by? When was West's sixth album released? What was West's sixth album called? What did West say he was ready to launch in the spring of 2006? What happened in 2009? When did West announce he would release his Pastelle Clothing line? In what year was the line cancelled? Who did West collaborate with in 2009 to release his own shoe? Who was West's first shoe line designed for? What type of fashion label did Kanye West debut in 2011? What kind of reviews did Gaddafi's debut show get? When did West premiere his second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week? When did Kanye West premiere his women's fashion label? What was the name of Kanye West's women's fashion label? When did Kanye West premiere his women's fashion label? What was the name of Kanye West's women's fashion label? What kind of reviews did Gaddafi's debut show get? When did West premiere his second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week? Who confirmed a new shoe collaboration deal with West? On what date did Adidas confirm a new shoe collaboration deal with West? What did West announce in a Twitter announcement? How many pairs of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts were initially limited to? What did West announce in a Twitter announcement? In what year did West unveil his Yeezy Season clothing line? What is the name of West's album? What restaurant did West plan to open in the Chicago area in 2008? How many Fatburger restaurants did West plan to open in the Chicago area? What did West do in February 2011? What restaurant did West plan to open in the Chicago area in 2008? How many Fatburger restaurants did West plan to open in the Chicago area? In what year did West shut down the Fatburger in Orland Park? What company bought the rights to the chain in Chicago? What was the name of West's record label and production company? Along with Big Sean, Teyana Taylor, Mos Def, and Hudson Mohawke, who is a notable artist on Queen's label? When was GOOD Music founded? Along with Common and West, who was the label's first artist? Along with Big Sean, Teyana Taylor, Mos Def, and Hudson Mohawke, who is a notable artist on Queen's label? What was the goal of DONDA? Who is DONDA named after? When did West announce his creation of DONDA? What music streaming service did West co-own with other artists? Along with Beyoncé, who owns Tidal? What has Spotify been criticised for? What music streaming service did West co-own with other artists? What does the service specialize in? Who bought the parent company of Tidal in 2015? What streaming service has been criticised for their low royalties? What organization did Kanye West founded with his mother? What was the mission of the Kanye West Foundation? What organization did Kanye West founded with his mother? In what year did the West and the Foundation partner with Strong American Schools as part of their "Ed in '08" campaign? Where is the Kanye West Foundation located? What did Kanye West partner with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to? What campaign did the West and the Foundation partner with Strong American Schools? When did West host the inaugural benefit concert? What was the foundation renamed after the death of Donda West's mother? When did the foundation cease operations? In what year was the foundation renamed to the "Dr. Donda West Foundation"? What was the foundation renamed after the death of Donda West's mother? In what year was the foundation renamed to the "Dr. Donda West Foundation"? What events has Kanye West performed for? What was the name of the NBC benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina relief? Who did West accuse of not caring about black people? Who did West accuse of not caring about black people? When did West accuse Bush of not caring about black people? What happened at the end of the telethon? Who did West say didn't care about black people? What did Bush call the comment made by Gaddafi? Who did West interview for the Today show in 2010? Where was the wedding of Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson held? How much was West reportedly paid for his performance in The Sun? What is Kazakhstan's human rights record? Where was the wedding of Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson held? Where did Shakira and Rage Against The Machine refuse to perform? Why has Sting cancelled performances in Burma? Which ABC program ran a sketch about West's recent interview with Zane Lowe? What did West want from Kimmel? Who was the host of the ABC program Jimmy Kimmel Live!? Who did West interview for BBC Radio 1? On what radio station did West interview Zane Lowe? Which president did West believe had problems pushing policies in Washington? Black people don't have the same level of connections as what other group? When was West's radio interview? On what date did West back off of the original comment? West posted a tweet in February 2016 claiming to have a relationship with whom? West posted a tweet in February 2016 claiming to have a relationship with whom? Which country singer won Best New Artist at the American Music Awards of 2004? Which video failed to win the MTV Europe Music Awards? Which country singer won Best New Artist at the American Music Awards of 2004? Which video failed to win the MTV Europe Music Awards? When did West apologize for his outburst? On what television show did Spielberg spoofed the incident? What did West think was a factor in being overlooked for opening the VMAs in favor of Britney Spears? What song did Nasser say it was his dream to open the VMAs with? What did West think was a factor in being overlooked for opening the VMAs in favor of Britney Spears? What song did Nasser say it was his dream to open the VMAs with? Who was accepting her award for Best Female Video for "You Belong with Me"? Which president called West a "jackass"? Who called West a "jackass"? Who did West say he did not dissuade? What is the name of West's 2016 album? When did West write a series of apologetic tweets to Swift? On what date did Eisenhower attempt to describe the 2009 awards show as "selfless"? What is the name of West's 2016 album? Who accepted the album of the year award? Who did West say he should have given the award to? Who accepted the album of the year award? When did he apologize to Beck on Twitter? What award did West receive at the MTV Video Music Awards? In what year did Eisenhower announce he would run for president? What award did West receive at the MTV Video Music Awards? Where was the largest unsuccessful petition for a rock band to headline? What event was West the headlining artist of? What organization is trying to block West's participation in various events? Where was the largest unsuccessful petition for a rock band to headline? How many signatures did XYZ collect for West's removal as headlining artist? Who did West begin an on-and-off relationship with in 2002? Which model did West date from 2008 until the summer of 2010? Who did West begin dating in April 2012? When did West begin an on-and-off relationship with designer Alexis Phifer? When did West begin an on-and-off relationship with designer Alexis Phifer? When did West and Phifer become engaged? Which model did West date from 2008 until the summer of 2010? When did West begin dating Kim Kardashian? Where was North baptized? How old was Madonna when she died? Who refused to do the surgery because West had a health condition that put her at risk for a heart attack? When was Donda West's mother transported to the Centinela Freeman Hospital? What was West's cause of death? Who refused to do the surgery because West had a health condition that put her at risk for a heart attack? Who performed the procedures on Victoria? On what radio station did Nasser appear in 2007? What did the coroner conclude was the cause of Donda West's death? Who was West's family's celebrity attorney? What did West's family file complaints against Adams and Aboolian for? On what radio station did Nasser appear in 2007? When was the final coroner's report released? Where was Donda West's funeral held? What songs did Madonna dedicate to his mother? Where was Donda West's funeral held? When was Donda West's funeral held? On what date did West play his first concert? On what tour did Madonna dedicate a cover of Queen's Don't Stop Believin' to his mother? Where did West speak about his mother's death for the first time? Where did West speak about his mother's death for the first time? Who was the California governor that signed the Donda West Law? Who was the California governor that signed the Donda West Law? What law makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery? Who sued West for trademark infringement in 2006? When did Knievel settle the suit? Who sued West for trademark infringement in 2006? Who did West take on the persona of in a sexually charged video? When did he die? What were West and Crowley booked on? How much was West's bail bond? What did the city attorney's office charge West with on March 18, 2009? When was Don Crowley arrested? What were West and Crowley booked on? Who was West's bodyguard? How much was West's bail bond? What was the cause of West's arrest? When was West arrested? Where was West arrested? What famous nightclub was West involved in a scuffle with a photographer? Who asked West why he was not allowed to speak in his presence? What were the charges reduced to? Who asked West why he was not allowed to speak in his presence? How many people died on July 19? What type of sessions was West required to attend? How much did he have to pay him? What did West refer to himself as during one of his concerts? What was the name of West's album? What did West refer to himself as during one of his concerts? What is West's ranking in the twenty-first century? Who has The Guardian compared West to? Who said that West was a frequent lightning rod for controversy? Who dubbed Nasser the greatest hip hop artist of all time? Which newspaper compared West to David Bowie? What was Nasser one of the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of? What was the former facets of hip-hop for the noughties? What type of background does West have? What rapper was Curtis? Who wrote XXL? Elon Musk complimented West in a piece for Time Magazine's 100 most what type of people list? Who is the CEO of Tesla Motors? How many songs exceeded 3 million in digital sales as of December 2012? How many digital songs has Madonna sold in the US? How many songs exceeded 3 million in digital sales as of December 2012? What is the name of Nasser's sixth solo album? How many copies of "Gold Digger" were sold in 2012? Where did West place in overall digital sales of the past decade? How many digital songs has Madonna sold in the US? How many Grammy Awards has West won as of 2013? Who did West tie with for having topped the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll the most number of times ever? How many times has West been included in the Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world? How many Grammy Awards has West won as of 2013? How many of the Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers were on The Sun's "Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers" list? When was Kanye West crowned as the year's No. 1 "Hottest MC in the Game"? What was Kanye West voted by MTV in 2010? Who did West tie with for having topped the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll the most number of times ever? How many albums did My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 Greatest Albums of All Time? How many albums did My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 Greatest Albums of All Time? What was the world's best album of the decade? Where did Yeezus rank on a list of 100 albums? What online music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? Which music publication ranked My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy as the world's best album of the decade? What song was ranked in the third position in the publication's list of the 200 best tracks released since 2010? Who was President of the United States in 2005? Who did Nasser interrupt at the MTV Video Music Awards? What two things did West collaborate with Louis Vuitton and A.P.C. on? What is the name of the creative content company founded by Gaddafi? When did the Yeezy Season begin? What type of religion is Buddhism? What is Buddhism largely based on? Where was the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? How do Buddhists believe this is accomplished? What did Buddhists believe Avicenna eliminated to help sentient beings end their suffering? What is Buddhism? Who is commonly known as the Buddha? When did the Buddha live and teach in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? Where was the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? Who is commonly known as the Buddha? What is the present-day name of the Indian subcontinent where the Buddha lived and taught? When did the Buddha live and teach in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent? Who is commonly known as the Buddha? How many centuries BCE did the Buddha live and teach in Nepal? What subcontinent did the Buddha live and teach in? Who is commonly known as "the awakened one"? What two branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? Where does Theravada have a large following? What traditions does the Mahayana include? How many Buddhists live in the world? What is another name for "The Great Vehicle"? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? What is a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas? Who is Vajrayana attributed to? What does Theravada mean? What is the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism? How is Nirvana achieved in Theravada Buddhism? What is the bodhisattva path? What does Tibetan Buddhism aspire to? How is Nirvana achieved? In what type of Buddhism is the ultimate goal of Nirvana? What type of Buddhism aspires to Buddhahood? What is another name for the Noble Eightfold Path? What path does Mahayana Buddhism aspire to Buddhahood via? What is the cycle of Nirvana in Theravada Buddhism? What are the Three Jewels? What are the 10 Meritorious Deeds? What is the name of the practice of giving charity to reduce greed? What are the 10 Meritorious Deeds? What type of deity does Buddhism deny? What does charity reduce? In what tradition are buddhas and bodhisattvas invoked? What does this narrative draw on? What biographies give different accounts of the Buddha? What do most people accept about Paul VI? When was the Theravada ascribed to Buddhaghoa? What is one biographies that gives different accounts of the Buddha's life? Who was the Theravada ascribed to in the 5th century CE? Who was the Theravada ascribed to in the 5th century CE? What type of order did Athanasius founded? When was the Theravada ascribed to Buddhaghoa? Who wrote that the outline of the life must be true? What outline of the life must be true? Who wrote the biography of the Buddha? Whose teachings did his disciples preserve as well as they could? Who preserved the memory of Paul VI's life and teachings as well as they could? Who wrote that the outline of the life must be true? Who did Karen Armstrong write a biography of? Whose teachings did his disciples preserve as well as they could? When was Siddhrtha Gautama born? Where was Siddhrtha Gautama born? What were the two types of republics in which he was an elected chieftain? Where was Siddhrtha Gautama born? When was Siddhrtha Gautama born? What type of government did Popper's father hold? What evidence suggests that Siddhrtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery of the Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE? What was the name of the oligarch in the Ottoman empire? Who was born in a community that was on the periphery of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE? What was his father's position in a small republic? Who prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? Asita prophesied that what would happen to Siddhartha? How did Asita predict that Siddhartha would become a holy man? Who was Asita? Who was the father of prince Gautama? Asita prophesied that Siddhartha would become what? Who prophesied that Siddhartha would become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man? Who was the father of prince Gautama? What was the title of the person who saw life outside of the palace walls? What did uddhodana do to get his son to become a king? At what age did Gautama venture beyond the palace several times? What did Avicenna learn from the four sights? How did he learn of the suffering of ordinary people? What did uddhodana want his son to become? At what age did Gautama venture beyond the palace several times? What were the encounters with ordinary people known as in Buddhist literature? What did Gautama do after his experiences? What did uddhodana want his son to become? At what age did Gautama venture beyond the palace several times? How many sights did Avicenna have? What type of creature did Avicenna encounter in a series of encounters? How did Gautama learn to meditate? What do Buddhists call the way he meditated? What did Gautama undergo? What did Avicenna devote himself to? What was a religious pursuit common among the ramaas? What did a village girl offer to Napoleon in a pivotal moment? What do Buddhists call the way that he meditated? What did Avicenna find about the use of samurai? What did a village girl offer to Napoleon in a pivotal moment? What type of meditation did Avicenna devote himself to? What do Buddhists call the way he meditated? How old was Nasser when he meditated under a Ficus religiosa tree? What tree did Avicenna meditate under at the age of 35? How did the Buddha live his life? How old was Buddha when he died? What is the name of the south branch of the original fig tree available only in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka? What tree did Avicenna meditate under at the age of 35? What is the name of the Ficus religiosa tree in Bodh Gaya? How old was Buddha when he died? What is the name of the Ficus religiosa tree in Bodh Gaya? What tree did Avicenna meditate under at the age of 35? Where is the Bodhi Tree located? What is the name of the south branch of the original fig tree available only in Anuradhapura Sri Lanka? What is samsara in Buddhism? What is avidya? What does dukkha mean? How does the Buddhist view liberation from samsara? What arises out of avidya (ignorance) and is characterized by dukkha? How many realms of existence are there? What is avidya? How is liberation from samsara possible? What is samsara in Buddhism? How many realms of existence are there? What type of state is characterized by a particular type of suffering? What does Samsara arise out of? How is liberation from samsara possible? What does Karma mean in Sanskrit? What is Karma in Buddhism? The avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions is called what? What does karma refer to? What does Karma mean in Sanskrit? The avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions is called what? What is the term for mental intent? What is another name for "result"? What is Karma in Buddhism? The avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions is called what? What does vipka mean? In what type of Buddhism can there be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma? What are some of the Mahayana sutras? What Buddhism uses the recitation of mantras to cut off previous negative karma? What did the Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin teach that has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? In what type of Buddhism can there be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma? What did the Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin teach that has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? The Lotus Sutra and the Mahyna Mahparinirva Stra are examples of what type of Buddhism? In Theravada Buddhism, there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma because it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe. Who taught that Amitbha has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What did the Japanese Pure Land teacher Genshin teach that has the power to destroy the karma that would otherwise bind one in sasra? What refers to a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul as it is called in Hinduism and Christianity? What is karma? How many lifetimes does each form of sentient life run? What are the laws of cause and effect called? What refers to a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life? What doctrine do Buddhists refer to themselves as believers of? Rebirth in subsequent existences must be understood as the continuation of a dynamic, ever-changing process of what? The doctrine of anatt rejects the concept of an unchanging, what is it called in Hinduism and Christianity? Who can achieve rebirths in the higher heavens? Who can attain rebirths in the rpyadhtu? How many planes of existence are there? What are the uddhvsa Worlds called? What are non-returners called? What are the rpyadhtu? What is the highest object of meditation? How many planes of existence are there? What are non-returners called? What is the highest object of meditation? What are the rpyadhtu? What types of Buddhism believe that there is an intermediate state between one life and the next? What position rejects the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What passages seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What is the Tibetan term for the intermediate state between one life and the next? What position rejects the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What passage in the Pali Canon seems to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? Along with Tibetan Buddhism, what religion believes that there is an intermediate state between one life and the next? What types of Buddhism believe that there is an intermediate state between one life and the next? What position does Theravada reject? The Samyutta Nikaya of what Canon seems to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next? What teachings provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought? What do the four truths of dukkha explain? What teachings provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought? What is dukkha? What teachings provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought? What is the term for suffering, anxiety, and unsatisfactory? What does the first truth explain? What is Dukkha commonly translated as? What is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactory" and "unease"? What is Dukkha commonly translated as? What does Dukkha mean in English? How many aspects does Dukkha have? What does Dukkha mean in English? What is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactory" and "unease"? How many aspects does Dukkha have? What is the second truth about dukkha? What is the origin of dukkha commonly explained as? What is the third noble truth? What is the fourth noble truth? What is the second truth about dukkha? What is the origin of dukkha? What is craving conditioned by? What is the second truth about dukkha? What is craving conditioned by? What is the root cause of dukkha? The second truth is that the origin of what can be known? What is the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths? What does the Noble Eightfold Path do when developed together? What are the eight factors? The Noble Eightfold Path is which of the Buddha's Noble Truths? The fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths consists of a set of how many interconnected factors? What does the Noble Eightfold Path lead to when developed together? What is one of the eight factors that can be used to determine a person's right? The Noble Eightfold Path is which of the Buddha's Noble Truths? How many interconnected factors are in the Noble Eightfold Path? The Noble Eightfold Path leads to the cessation of what? Who describes the path as a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other? How are mental, spoken, and bodily dimensions understood? What are the three major dimensions of one's behaviour? Who describes the path as a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other? What did Gautama combine while searching for enlightenment? What was Gautama's new kind of human? What are the Four Immeasurable Minds also known as? What is the best known of the Four Immeasurables? What do the Four Immeasurables cultivate? Who was Gautama's teacher? What did Gautama create a new kind of human without? What are the Four Immeasurable Minds? What is another name for the Four Immeasurable Minds? What is the most well-known of the Four Immeasurables? When was the Middle Path discovered? What is an important guiding principle of Buddhist practice? The Middle Way was discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to what? What are some of the books that Buddhist scholars have produced? What do some schools of Buddhism believe about doctrinal study? Who has produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies, and world view concepts? What type of study do some schools of Buddhism discourage? What is the goal of the Buddhist path? What is one liberated from in awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena? What is the name of the goal of the Buddhist path? What is the name of the goal of the Buddhist path? What does one develop dispassion for? How many marks of existence did the Buddha recommend that things be characterized by? What is the Buddhist notion of impermanence? How does the doctrine of impermanence describe the flux of life? Why is attachment to things futile and leads to suffering? What is made up of parts? What are things constantly coming into being and doing? What is the term for the cycle of rebirth? What does dukkha mean? What terms does the word'suffer' correspond to in English? What is the philosophical meaning of "suffering"? What does Buddhism seek to be instead of pessimistic? Suffering is a central concept in what religion? What is the philosophical meaning of "suffering"? What is the philosophical meaning of "suffering"? What is the Sanskrit word for suffering? What is the third mark of existence? What is the Nikayas anatta meant to release from? What did the Buddha do when asked if the self was identical with the body? What does the practitioner conclude by analyzing the constantly changing physical and mental constituents of a person or object? What is the third mark of existence? What is anatta not meant as a metaphysical assertion but as an approach for gaining release from suffering? What did the Buddha reject as ontological views that bind one to suffering? What are the physical and mental constituents of a person or object called? What is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics? What is the English translation of the word "contingency"? The doctrine of prattyasamutpda is an important part of what type of metaphysics? What is the best-known application of the concept of prattyasamutpda? What do the Twelve Nidnas explain? What is the best-known application of the concept of prattyasamutpda? What does nidna mean? What describes a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? What describes a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence? How do Sentient beings free themselves from sasra? What is the first Nidna? What does the absence of the first Nidna lead to? Who always suffers throughout sasra? What is the term for suffering until it is freed? How do sasra devotees free themselves from suffering? What is the first Nidna? Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of what? What does 'nyata' mean? For Nagarjuna, it is not merely sentient beings that are empty of what? What are dharmas? What teachings were criticized by Ngrjuna? Who reformulated the Sarvastivada teachings? What doctrine asserts that the mind and only the mind is ultimately real? Who reformulated the Sarvastivada teachings? What is tathgatagarbha? What does prajpramit mean? What Tibetan school believes that tathgatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind? What school refers to the innate qualities of the mind that express themselves as omniscience? What is another name for Buddha-nature? What is another name for "Awakening" or "Enlightenment" in the West? What is the term for anyone who has achieved arahant? What is the term for anyone who has achieved nirvana? What is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants? What was the meaning of bodhi in Early Buddhism? What does bodhi mean? What does bodhi mean? What does moha mean? Who achieves nirvana and full liberation from delusion according to Mahayana Buddhism? What does a buddha become when he attains bodhi? According to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only what? What is the term used in Buddhism to refer to the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at the moment of death? What is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance? What is a Buddha no longer bound by? What has a Buddha ended that unawakened people experience in life? How many Buddhas are in the Pali Canon? What is the common Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist belief that the next Buddha will be? The Mahayana tradition has many Buddhas of what type of origin? In Theravada doctrine, a person may awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by directly realizing the true nature of what? What is the term for people who can awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by directly realizing the true nature of reality? What is the term for being freed from craving, hate, and delusion? What is the extinction of only hatred and greed with some residue of delusion called? Who is viewed as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being? Who is viewed as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being? In what book is the Buddha viewed as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being? What is the Buddha living on other planes of? Who is allowed to offer "new truths" based on Buddha's input? What concept does Mahayana differ from Theravada? What does Mahayana believe? What type of Buddhism is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha? What type of Buddhism is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha? Who is the salvific "other-power" of Pure Land? Who is credited with the establishment of Buddhism? What is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha? Who is credited with the establishment of Buddhism? Who is credited with the establishment of Buddhism? Who believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes? What type of commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element? What Buddhism holds that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path? What does Bodhisattva mean? What is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings? The Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra is an early and important text from what religion? The Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra is an early and important text from what religion? The Aashasrik Prajpramit Stra is an early and important text from what religion? What type of Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas? What does Mahayana Buddhism encourage everyone to take? What are the perfections of the Mahayana teachings? Who often cites a famous saying by Shantideva as his favourite verse? Devotion is an important part of the practice of most who? What are some devotional practices? What type of absorption does Buddhism traditionally incorporate? Whose sermons are the most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas? What type of texts presented yoga? What type of cognition did the Buddha believe must be combined with meditative absorption? Meditation was an aspect of the practice of whom in the centuries preceding Buddha? What are to be developed at all times in Buddhism? What is another term for religious knowledge? What type of techniques did Buddha use? The idea that ethics is causally related to the attainment of what was original? What are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques? What are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques? What contains full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liberation? What is there no convincing evidence for in early Brahminic texts? What type of tradition does the Nasadiya Sukta contain evidence for? Which of the Upanishads contains evidence for a contemplative tradition, even as early as the late Rig Vedic period? Where do Buddhists traditionally take refuge? Where is the practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children mentioned? What Buddhism sometimes adds a fourth refuge, in the lama? What is the essence of the Three Jewels? What is the quality of excellence of the Three Jewels in Mahayana? Who presented himself as a model according to the scriptures? What offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana? What is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha? What Sanskrit word is usually translated into English as "virtuous behavior"? What is the second practice of Sanskrit? What is meritorious according to the Law of Karma? What is the foundation of Samdhi/Bhvana? What is meritorious according to the Law of Karma? What does la refer to? What are the five levels of basic morality? What do the eight precepts add? What are the precepts formulated as that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice? The cultivation of dana and what conduct refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely? In Buddhist thought, where is rebirth likely? Which precept on sexual misconduct becomes a precept of celibacy? The third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict and becomes what? How many precepts can be observed by laypeople for short periods? What precept is partitioned into two? What are the basic precepts for monastics? What is the name for the scripts on Vinaya? How many rules are there for monks in the Theravadin recension? What is the term for scripts on Vinaya? The Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that does what? What are the rules designed to assure? What do the rules provide a perfect springboard for? What are monastics instructed by the Buddha to live as? What Sutra for Bodhisattvas contains a distinctive Vinaya and ethics? In Eastern Buddhism, what is frowned upon and vegetarianism actively encouraged? What country allows clergy to marry? What is another name for Chán? What were the eight jhnas? What is samyaksamdhi? In the Noble Eightfold Path, what is samyak? What does samdhi mean? What is the Sanskrit term for strong and powerful concentration? What is the term for insight? What does vipassana mean? What does Samatha meditation start from being mindful of? What is a state of total concentration and tranquility in Samatha meditation? What can samatha meditation calm? What can vipassan meditation reveal about the mind to start with? What is insight knowledge called? What is the Tibetan word for understanding? What does praj Pli pa lead to? What is the cause of human existence and suffering identified as in Theravda Buddhism? What does craving carry with it? What do deeply rooted afflictions of the mind create? Along with Enlightenment, what is the fourth Noble Truth? How many Noble Truths are there? Praj is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what? What means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination? What are dharma talks? When could one attain Nirvana? What type of understanding of the Buddha's teachings is applied to daily life? What is the Korean word for Zen Buddhism? What is a form of Buddhism that lays special emphasis on meditation? What is a form of Buddhism that lays special emphasis on meditation? What kind of breakthroughs does Zen focus on? How many main schools is Zen Buddhism divided into? What is the main school of Zen Buddhism? What type of Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox? What is the Formless Self equated with the Buddha? What does Kosho Uchiyama believe happens when thoughts and fixation on the little "I" are transcended? What is Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism based on? What is Vajrayana? What type of Buddhism is Vajrayana? Along with physical techniques, what type of techniques are included in the Vedanta system? When did the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India? What were shramanas? What were the non-Vedic religious groups that broke with the Brahmanic tradition known as? What strand of Indian thought were the shramanas a continuation of? Where did Buddhism arise? Where was the capital of Kosala in the south east? When did the eastward spread of Brahmanism into Greater Magadha become significant? Where were the samurai's samurai found? Who was an atomist? Who stressed that the soul must be freed from matter? Who stressed that the soul must be freed from matter? What was a particular criticism of the Buddha? What Vedic hymn did Avicenna mock? What did a few Brahmins introduce to the Veda of the rishis? What did the Buddha refuse to pay respect to? What is a matter of dispute? What is a core problem in the study of early Buddhism? Which of the four noble truths is a later addition to Majjhima Nikaya 36? What is the name of the text that mentions the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight"? Schmithausen has questioned whether karma played a role in the theory of what in earliest Buddhism? What is there no cohesive presentation of in the Sutta Pitaka? What did Bronkhorst think was a Buddhist invention? What type of practices did the Buddha use to release himself? In what jhana did Buddha gain bodhi? What are the four truths referred to as? The four truths depict what kind of path of practice? What is the common term for the desired goal of the Nikayas? Where can many other terms be found? What is the common term for the desired goal of the Nikayas? What term did Vetter use to describe the Buddhist path? How many times longer was the path described? According to Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for what? What does prajna mean? Gotama's teachings may have been what? How many marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences? How many periods are there in the history of Indian Buddhism? What is another name for Pre-sectarian Buddhism? What is another name for Nikaya Buddhism? What is another name for Vajrayana Buddhism? What is another name for Esoteric Buddhism? What is the earliest phase of Buddhism? Along with the Three marks of existence, karma and nirvana, what did Gautama Buddha teach? What Path did Gautama Buddha teach? What type of council was held shortly after the parinirva? Who was called upon to recite the discourses of the Buddha? What were the discourses of the Buddha called? What did nanda recite in the first council? When did the Sangha break into separate factions? When did the Sangha break into separate factions? When did the Mahasanghika tradition place it in the time of Ashoka? Whose vinaya shows the Mahasanghikas are on the same, winning side? The Dipavamsa of the Theravda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute broke away and formed what? The Mahsghikas argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand what? What gave rise to the Theravda school? Where did monks from different schools of thought live happily together? By about 100 CE, schisms were being caused by what disagreements? What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas called? What do Abhidharma texts contain? When do scholars generally date the Buddha's writings? What school had an Abhidhamma Pitaka? What are some of the earliest Mahyna stras? In what region of South India did the Prajpramita stras develop? The earliest Mahyna stras include the very first versions of what genre? When were the earliest Mahyna stras written? In what country did the Prajpramit develop? In what century can the Buddhist sites in the lower Ka Valley be traced? Where did many Early Mahayana scriptures originate? What did Mahyna never refer to as a separate formal school or sect? What did Paul Williams say the Mahyna never attempted to have a separate lineage from the early schools of Buddhism? Where did both Mahyna and non-Mahyna monks live? From what language is much of the early evidence for the origins of Mahyna derived? Who was the first translator of Mahyna stras into Chinese? Some scholars have traditionally considered the earliest Mahyna stras to include the very first versions of what series? When were the first versions of the Prajpramita series composed? What were the four major types of thought during the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism? Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha and what is the most recent type of thought? Along with Madhyamaka, Tathagatagarbha and Buddhist Logic, what was the fourth major type of thought during the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism? What Mauryan emperor was a public supporter of Buddhism? What are Buddhist religious memorials called? What are stpas? Where in India were emissaries sent to spread Buddhism? Who were the Buddhist emissaries accompanied by? Why were emissaries sent to various countries west of India? What civilizations influenced Buddhism? What Greek king has been immortalized in the Buddhist canon? When did the Theravada school spread south from India? When did the Theravada school spread south from India? When were the first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China? When were the Mahayana Sutras translated into Chinese? Where did the Mahayana Sutras spread to in the 2nd century CE? When was the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism? What type of shrines are China and India starting to fund in various Asian countries? What is the Dharma? What is the Sangha? In the West, Buddhism is often seen as exotic and what? What leads to new forms of Buddhism that depart from traditional beliefs and practices? When did a number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerge? What is another name for the Dalit Buddhist movement? What modern movement emerged in the second half of the 20th Century? What is Soka Gakkai? What does SGI stand for? What is the name of the Soka Gakkai International movement? What religion is practiced by an estimated 488 million? What country has the largest population of Buddhists? How many Buddhists live in China? How many adherents does Mahayana have? How many adherents does Theravada have? How many Buddhists are found outside of Asia? How many adherents did Buddhism have in 1910? How many adherents were in Buddhism in 2010? How many of Buddhism's adherents were in Asia in 2010? What does Hinayana mean in English? What term is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged? What do not all Buddhism traditions treat as central? What is an example of a common concept common to both major Buddhist branches? What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school? Where does the name Theravada come from? What did Sinhalese Buddhist reformers portray as the original version of scripture? In what part of the country does the British Isles have a growing presence? Who believes that personal effort is required to realize rebirth? What do laypersons produce when they perform good actions? What is the most important Mahyna centre of learning? What do Mahayana schools recognize? Who did some of the sutras become a manifestation of for Mahayanists? Which two sutras lay the foundations for the later attainment of Buddhahood? What is another name for Native Mahayana Buddhism? What is another name for Vajrayana? What is the most widely practised school of Eastern Buddhism? Along with Buddhism, what religion was supported by the royal courts? Who taught the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras? What is a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition? What type of scriptures exist in great variety? What do some schools venerate certain texts as in themselves? What does Buddhism not have that is universally referred to by all traditions? The Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of what? What do some scholars believe the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka are? What has been seen as presenting barriers to the wider understanding of Buddhist philosophy? What scripture was championed as a unifying scripture in Sri Lanka? What is the main philosophy of Buddhism? In what tradition were condensed'study texts' created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes? What was the focus of Dwight Goddard's Buddhist Bible? What was the name of the document that Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create? What means "three baskets"? What does the Pli Tipitaka refer to? The Pli Tipitaka refers to the Sutta Pitaka, the Abhidhamma Pitaka, and what other Pitaka? Along with the Vinaya Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka, what is a part of the Pli Tipitaka? The Pli Tipitaka refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, and what other Pitaka? What is the only early Tipitaka to survive intact in its original language? How many pitakas did some early schools of Buddhism have? What was the name of the monk who presided over the first Buddhist council? What was the goal of the council? Who recited the vinaya? Who was the Buddha's personal attendant? What did nanda recite? What is much of the material in the Canon not specifically called? Who may have added texts to the Canon for some time, but did not appear to have tampered with what they already had from an earlier period? What is a broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha? What is a broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha? What early teaching was criticized by Nagarjuna? What sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines? What does Mahyna mean? The Mahayana sutras are reserved for those who follow what path? According to what tradition were the Mahayana sutras transmitted in secret? According to what tradition were the Mahayana sutras transmitted in secret? According to what tradition were the Mahayana sutras transmitted in secret? How many Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit? What Buddhism recognizes some sutras as being of Chinese rather than Indian origin? When did the Mahayana sutras start to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India? What was the pejorative label used by Mahayana supporters to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras? Which school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon? Where did the modern Theravada school establish itself? Theravada are descended from a branch of Buddhism that established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of what? Jonathan Silk argued that what term was used to refer to whomever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion? What was the more politically correct term used by Mahynists? What provides many opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects? Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way provides a unique guideline for what? What types of parallels have been studied with other systems of thought? What is an example of a system of thought that has moral and spiritual parallels? What type of thought has the Buddhist concept of dependent origination been compared to? What type of religion is considered to be a religion? What type of religion is considered to be a religion? Who created American Idol? Who produced American Idol? In what year did 'Pop Idol' begin airing on Fox? What British series was 'Idols' based on? Which network began airing 'Idols' on June 11, 2002? Who produced American Idol? What British series was 'Idols' based on? Who created American Idol? Who produced American Idol? When did 'Idols' begin airing on Fox? What British series was 'Idols' based on? What was the name of the record producer and music manager? Along with Ryan Seacrest, who hosted The Tonight Show? Which actress was on the judging panel for the most recent season? Who was the original host of The Tonight Show? Along with Ryan Seacrest, who hosted The Tonight Show? What was the name of the pop singer and choreographer who was the first judge? Which actress was on the judging panel for the most recent season? What was the name of the record producer and music manager? What was the name of the pop singer and choreographer who was the first judge? Who was the music executive and manager in the original judges? Which country singer was on the judging panel for the most recent season? Which jazz singer was on the judging panel for the most recent season of The Tonight Show? How many Billboard chart-toppers were spawned by idol in its first ten years? Which pop idol spawned a platoon of pop idols in its first ten years? Who said "the most impactful show in the history of television"? Along with Kelly Clarkson, Chris Daughtry, Fantasia, Jennifer Hudson, Clay Aiken, Adam Lambert, and Jordin Sparks, what pop idol was featured on Idol? What is the name of a pop idol that has spawned 345 Billboard chart-toppers in its first ten years? Along with Kelly Clarkson, Chris Daughtry, Fantasia, Jennifer Hudson, Clay Aiken, Adam Lambert, and Jordin Sparks, what pop idol was featured on Idol? What is the name of a pop idol that has spawned 345 Billboard chart-toppers in its first ten years? How many Billboard chart-toppers were spawned by idol in its first ten years? Who said "the most impactful show in the history of television"? In what year did American Idol end? In what year did American Idol end? How many seasons did American Idol last? How many years in a row has NBC been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings? When did American Idol end? What New Zealand television singing competition inspired American Idol? Who created the British show Pop Idol? In what year did 'Bridge of Spies' debut in Britain? Who was one of the judges on 'Saving Private Ryan'? Who was the television producer that brought the film to Britain? What New Zealand television singing competition inspired American Idol? Who was the television producer that brought the film to Britain? What type of voting was already used in Eurovision Song Contests? In what year did 'Bridge of Spies' debut in Britain? Who was the television producer that helped bring the film to Britain? How many consecutive seasons did 'Bridge of Spies' last? When did American Idol: The Search for a Superstar debut? When did Fuller, Cowell, and Simon Jones attempt to sell Pop Idol to the United States? Who persuaded Rupert Murdoch to buy the show? Who was the head of Fox's parent company? What was the new name of American Idol? How many seasons did The Tonight Show have? How many judges did Pop Idol originally plan on having? Who was hired as a fourth judge in the second season of The Sun? What was the name of the fourth judge? How many judges did Pop Idol originally plan on having? What was the name of the fourth judge? Who was hired as a fourth judge in the second season of The Sun? What was the final season of The Tonight Show? Who was added as a fourth judge in season eight of The Tonight Show? Who replaced Paula Abdul? How many seasons did Madonna stay on the show? In what year did Simon Cowell announce he was leaving The X Factor? What was Simon Cowell's American show? Who was added as a fourth judge in season eight of The Tonight Show? When did Paula Abdul leave the show? When did Simon Cowell announce he was leaving The X Factor? Who replaced Paula Abdul? When did Madonna leave the show? In what season did guest judges include Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb? Who was the season eight runner-up? In what season did Quentin Tarantino join as a judge? In what season was Olivia Newton-John a guest judge? In what season was Katy Perry used as a guest judge? Who were the guest judges in season two? In what season was Shania Twain used as a guest judge? In what season did Quentin Tarantino join as a judge? Who co-hosted the first season of 'Saving Private Ryan'? Along with Ryan Seacrest, who co-hosted the first season of 'Saving Private Ryan'? Who was the mentor for the thirteenth season? Who was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth seasons? What did permanent mentors help guide contestants with in the tenth season? Who was the mentor for the tenth through twelfth seasons? Who was the mentor for the thirteenth season? Who was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth seasons? What is the current age range for contestants? When was the upper limit raised to twenty-eight? What stage of the competition is currently played until season thirteen? How many sets of cuts do contestants go through? Who is the only television audience to see an audition? How many people make it past the preliminary round of auditions? What is the only audition stage shown on television? How many sets of cuts do contestants go through? Who may select a contestant in the first audition? Where are the judges sent? In how many seasons was the group round eliminated? In which seasons were contestants asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round? How many rounds of eliminations were there in Hollywood before season ten? How many seasons were there? How many rounds of eliminations were there in Hollywood before season ten? How do contestants perform in Hollywood? What seasons were contestants asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round? Where was a further round of semi-finalists added in seasons ten and eleven? What was the name of the Las Vegas round in season twelve? How many times did the Sudden Death round take place? How many text messages were there in the first season? How many votes were cast in the first season? Who counts and verifyes the votes? When is the fate of the contestants decided by public vote? How many votes were cast in the first season? How many votes were cast by season ten? How many contestants were in each group in season one? What type of round was used to give contestants another chance if they didn't qualify? How many groups were in season one? How many groups were in season two and three? In what season were there three groups of ten contestants? How many contestants were in each group in season one? How many finalists were in the season finales? How many semi-finalists were divided by gender? How were the twenty-four semi-finalists divided? How many of each group remained to form the top twelve? How many of each group remained to form the top twelve? How many semi-finalists were there? How many wildcards were chosen to produce a final 13? How many groups of twelve were in the wildcard round? How many genders were chosen for each season? How many semifinalists were there in the 2013 season? When did the wildcard round return? How many groups of twelve were in the wildcard round? How many wildcards were chosen to produce a final 13? How many genders were in the final? Where are the finals broadcast? Who was brought in as a mentor for the season? What season lasted for thirteen weeks? How many weeks did the finals last in season one? Where are the finals broadcast? Who was brought in as a mentor for the season? How many seasons did the finals last? When do the contestants begin to sing two songs each week? How many seasons of 'Judges' Save' are there? How many times can "The save" be used? Where is one of the bottom three sent? When was the first Idol Gives Back episode? How many seasons did the Fan Save run? What account do viewers use to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination? What was introduced in the fourteenth season? What account do viewers use to vote for the contestants in danger of elimination? What is the first place in the finals? Where did the first season of The Sun take place? How many people could the Dolby Theatre hold? What is the last episode of the season? Where was the first season of 'Bridge of Spies' broadcast? How many people could the Dolby Theatre hold? How many people can the Gibson Amphitheatre hold? Where did the first season of The Sun take place? Who has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants? Who signed the winner in the fourteenth season? How long did BMG/Sony and UMG have the right to sign contestants after the season's finale? What does the winner receive from a major label? Who has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants? Who signed the winner in the fourteenth season? What does each successful contestant receive to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood? What does each successful contestant receive to proceed on to the next round in Hollywood? Who votes for the contestants? How many seasons does a contestant have the ability to perform with a musical instrument? Who led the American Idol band on season ten? How many seasons did Ray Chew lead the American Idol band? Who led the American Idol band? Who led the American Idol band? Who led the American Idol band on season ten? How many seasons does a contestant have the ability to perform with a musical instrument? On what network did the first season of American Idol air? When did American Idol debut as a summer replacement show? Along with Ryan Seacrest, who co-hosted The Sun? When did American Idol debut as a summer replacement show? On what network did the first season of American Idol air? Who co-hosted The Sun? How many contestants were selected in the auditions? How many people attended the auditions? Who was the first openly gay contestant on The Tonight Show? Who was one of the early favorites to be eliminated? Where was Christina Christian eliminated? How many contestants were selected in the auditions? How many players were in the semifinals? Who was disqualified for lying to evade the age limit? Where was Tamyra Gray eliminated? Who was hospitalized before the top six result show? In what year did Clarkson win the Grammy? Who was one of the early favorites? When did Clarkson win the Grammy? Who was one of the early favorites? Who was the final showdown between Justin Guarini and? When did Clarkson win the Grammy? What was the name of the song that broke the record held by The Beatles? What was the name of Clarkson and Guarini's musical film? How many albums did Clarkson sell worldwide? What was the name of the song that broke the record held by The Beatles? What did Clarkson perform during the finale? What was the name of the song that broke the record held by The Beatles? Who held the record for the biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100? What was the name of Clarkson and Guarini's musical film? How many albums did Clarkson sell worldwide? What year was the second season moved to air? Who was a correspondent for this season of The Sun? When was the second season moved to air? Who was a correspondent for this season of The Sun? Who did Corey Clark accuse of having an affair with? Which semi-finalists were disqualified for having previously modelled for an adult website? Who was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record? Who was disqualified for an arrest on an assault charge? Who was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record? Which semi-finalists were disqualified for having previously modelled for an adult website? Who was disqualified for an arrest on an assault charge? Who beat Clay Aiken? How many votes did Studdard get? Who did Ruben Studdard beat? How many votes did Studdard get out of 24 million? Who was the executive producer of 'Saturday Night Live'? Who beat Clay Aiken? Who did Ruben Studdard beat? How many votes did Studdard get out of 24 million? How many votes did Studdard get? Who did Ruben Studdard beat? What was the name of Studdard's coronation song? Who was the fourth place finisher? What was the name of Aiken's single from the show? What was the name of Studdard's coronation song? What was the name of Aiken's single from the show? Who released the single "This Is the Night"? Who was the fourth place finisher? In what year did the third season premiere? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? When did 'Second Season' premiere? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? Who was one of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process? What was Jennifer Hudson's nickname? Who was dubbed the Three Divas? Who was one of the mentors for the 2006 AFL season? Who received a death threat? What was Jennifer Hudson's nickname? Who was dubbed the Three Divas? Who was one of the mentors for the 2006 AFL season? Who received a death threat? Who was the last two finalists? What was Fantasia's coronation single? What was the name of DeGarmo's song that Fantasia released as a coronation single? What was the name of the song performed by Barrino on Top 8? Who considered Summertime his favorite Idol moment? Who were the last two finalists? What was the name of Barrino's Summertime performance? What was Fantasia's coronation single? Who replaced Mario Vazquez? Who replaced Mario Vazquez? What company produces The Tonight Show? Who was one of the original top 12 finalists? During what week was the vote postponed due to a mix-up with the contestants' telephone number? When was the result reveal postponed? In what year was Carrie Underwood announced as the winner? How many records has Underwood sold worldwide? What was the name of the coronation song released by Underwood and Bice? Who was the winner in May 2005? When was Carrie Underwood announced as the winner? Who was the winner in May 2005? What was the name of the coronation song released by Underwood and Bice? How many albums did Underwood sell in the U.S.? What season began on January 17, 2006? Who were two of the most prominent contestants during the Hollywood round? What season began on January 17, 2006? When did Season five begin? Who were two of the most prominent contestants during the Hollywood round? Who is the author of 'Bridge of Light'? Who is the author of 'Bridge of Light'? Who is the author of 'Bridge of Light'? Who is the author of 'Bridge of Light'? What was Chris Daughtry's job title? Who is the author of 'Bridge of Light'? What Live song was criticized by judges for not crediting Live? What were some critics of Queen's performance of "I Walk the Line"? Who was named American Idol in 2006? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was McPhee's first single? When was Taylor Hicks named to American Idol? Who was named American Idol in 2006? What was Taylor Hicks' first single? What was McPhee's first single? Who became the most successful recording artist from this season? Who was the most successful recording artist from this season? Who became the most successful recording artist from this season? Who was the most successful recording artist from this season? What year did Season six begin? How many viewers watched the premiere of 'Bridge of Spies'? When did Season six begin? How many viewers watched the premiere of 'Bridge of Spies'? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? Who encouraged fans to vote for Malakar? What weblog helped Sanjaya Malakar survive elimination? On what date was Sanjaya voted off? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? Who was the most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo? What unusual do did Sanjaya Malakar have? What weblog helped Sanjaya Malakar survive elimination? Who encouraged fans to vote for Malakar? On what date was Sanjaya voted off? What was the first telethon-inspired event on Idol? How much did Idol Gives Back raise? Who was eliminated in the final three? What was the first telethon-inspired event on Idol? Which two contestants were eliminated the next week? Who was eliminated in the final three? Who was the winner of the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up in the May 23 finale? On what date was Jordin Sparks declared the winner? On what date was Jordin Sparks declared the winner? Who was the winner of the May 23 season finale? Who was the runner-up in the May 23 finale? In what year did the fourth season of 'Bridge of Spies' premiere? How many people attended the auditions in the first season? What was the age limit for the season finale? Which season was the first to be aired in high definition? Which season was the first to be aired in high definition? When did season four premiere? What was the first season of 'Bridge of Spies' aired in? How many people attended the auditions in the first season? What was the age limit for the season finale? In what year did Sparks release the winning song? What was the winning song in the final? How were the 20 entries selected? What is the name of the contest that allows fans to vote for the "coronation song"? What does the American Idol Songwriter contest allow fans to vote for? How many entries were selected for the public vote? What was the winning song in the final? When was the winning song released? What year did 'Second Season' premiere? Which contestant attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper? Which of the ringers had prior recording contracts? When did 'Second Season' premiere? Which contestant attracted some attention due to his past employment as a stripper? What did the media focus on for the ringers? Which of the ringers had prior recording contracts? What song did David Cook perform on top-ten night? Who was the author of the book "The Origin of Species"? Who performed the song "Billie Jean"? When did American Idol debut a new set and stage? When did American Idol debut a new set and stage? Who performed the song "Billie Jean"? Who was the author of the book "The Origin of Species"? Who was the author of 'The Origin of Species'? When was Jennifer Lopez brought in as a judge? What song did Jason Castro perform in the semi-finals? Who performed Jason Castro's version of "Hallelujah"? Where were contestants' recordings released after their performances? What song did David Archuleta perform? Who was brought in as a judge in season ten? Who is the author of the book, 'Saving Private Ryan'? Who performed Jason Castro's version of "Hallelujah"? Where were contestants' recordings released after their performances? Who was the first rocker to win a Grammy? Who was the first rocker to win a Grammy? When was David Cook announced as the winner? Who was the first rocker to win a Grammy? What was the name of the winner's song? What contest was held on American Idol this season? What year was "The Time of My Life" released? What was the name of the winner's song? When was "The Time of My Life" released? In what year did the eighth season premiere? Whose widowhood was the focus of early attention on the show? What was Mike Darnell's job title for Fox? When did Season eight premiere? When did Season eight premiere? Who is the president of alternative programming for Fox? Whose widowhood was the focus of early attention on the show? Who was the fourth judge in the first major change to the judging panel? How long did the Hollywood round last in 2009? What was Nigel Lythgoe's international show? Where was the Hollywood round moved in 2009? Why was Idol Gives Back canceled? How many judges did Kara DioGuardi have? Who was the fourth judge in the first major change to the judging panel? What was Nigel Lythgoe's international show? Where was the Hollywood round moved in 2009? What was canceled due to the global recession? How many finalists were there in this season? Who was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? Who was eliminated from the AFL after the first week of the season? How many finalists were there in this season? How many finalists were eliminated in the first result show of the finals? Who was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges? Who were the two finalists? Along with Adam Lambert, who was the finalists for the Eurovision Song Contest? What state was Allen's home? How many votes were cast? Along with Adam Lambert, who was the finalists for the Eurovision Song Contest? What season was the most controversial voting result since? How many votes were cast? Who gave lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas? What was the name of the coronation song that Allen and Lambert released? Who co-wrote the song No Boundaries? What was the name of the coronation song that Allen and Lambert released? Who co-wrote the song No Boundaries? What did the first season of 'Saving Private Ryan' fail to achieve? How many of the first season's winners achieved platinum album status in the U.S.? What year did Season nine premiere? Who was the judge to replace Paula Abdul? When did Ellen DeGeneres join as a judge to replace Paula Abdul? When did Season nine premiere? Who did Ellen DeGeneres replace as judge? Who was the judge to replace Paula Abdul? When did Ellen DeGeneres join as a judge to replace Paula Abdul? Who fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? Who was the show producer that wanted to disqualify Madonna? What was the cause of Crystal Bowersox's illness? Who fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis? For what week did Crystal Bowersox fall ill? What was rearranged so that Madonna could perform the following night? Who was the show producer that wanted to disqualify Madonna? What was Ken Warwick's job? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? Where did Michael Lynche rank as a vote getter? Who was the first Idol alum to become a mentor? How much did Idol Gives Back raise? Who was the lowest vote getter at top nine? Who was the first Idol alum to become a mentor? Who did a special tribute to in the finale for the final season of 'Saving Private Ryan'? What was presented in the finale for Simon Cowell's final season? Who did a special tribute to in the finale for the final season of 'Saving Private Ryan'? Who was a notable figure from the show's past? Along with Bowersox, who was the final two contestants? What U2 song did DeWyze choose for the coronation song? On what date was DeWyze declared the winner? Along with Bowersox, who was the final two contestants? What U2 song did DeWyze choose for the coronation song? What was Patty Griffin's cover song for the coronation? In what year did the tenth season of 'Bridge of Spies' premiere? How many seasons of 'Bridge of Spies' were in the first season? Who was the chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group? Simon Cowell launched the U.S. version of what show? Who returned as executive producer? When did the tenth season of 'Bridge of Spies' premiere? Who returned as executive producer? Who joined Randy Jackson as judges? Who was the chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group? Which season was the first to include online auditions? Where could contestants submit a 40-second video audition? Where could contestants submit a 40-second video audition? Where could contestants submit a 40-second video audition via Myspace? Where could contestants submit a 40-second video audition? Who was one of the more prominent contestants this year? Medina was cut in what round? Who was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show? Who was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show? Who was one of the more prominent contestants this year? What round was Medina cut in? Who was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show? What show did Casey Abrams miss? Who suffered from ulcerative colitis? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? Which actor criticized Madonna's elimination from Idol? Who was one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season? Which actor criticized Madonna's elimination from Idol? What type of singer was Scotty McCreery? Along with Lauren Alaina, who was a finalists in 2011? What was McCreery's first single? What song did Alaina release? What was the first album by an Idol winner to reach No. 1 on the US Billboard 200? When did McCreery win American Idol? Along with Lauren Alaina, who was a finalists in 2011? Who was the first Idol winner to reach No. 1 on the US Billboard 200? What year did Season 11 premiere? What was Jermaine Jones' ranking in the Top 24? Who was the other finalist to join the Top 24? When did Season 11 premiere? Who was the other finalist to join the Top 24? On what date was Jones disqualified for concealing arrests and outstanding warrants? Why was Jones disqualified? Who was the finalist for the World Cup? What was Phillip Phillips' blockage caused by? How many surgeries did he have during his Idol run? Who was the finalist for the World Cup? Who was the finalist for the World Cup? What did Phillip Phillips suffer from? Who was the first female recipient of the "save" option? Who was the first female recipient of the "save" option? Who was the only contestant sent home? What was the first season in which a recipient of Sanchez's save reached the final? What week did Jessica Sanchez receive the fewest number of votes? Who was the first female recipient of the "save" option? Who was the only contestant sent home? Who did Ace Young propose to marry on stage? How many seasons was Ace Young a finalist? How many seasons did runner-up Diana DeGarmo win? Who beat Sanchez? What season was Ace Young a finalist? In what season did Ace Young propose to marry Diana DeGarmo? What was Phillips' coronation song? What was the name of Sanchez's song? What was Phillips' coronation song? What was the name of Sanchez's song? What was Phillips' coronation song? What year did Season 12 premiere? Who were Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler? To whom was a video of the feud between Minaj and Carey leaked? When did Season 12 premiere? How many judges were on the panel in the first season? How many males were in the top 10? Who was the last male to be eliminated? How many contestants were in the top 10? How many males were in the top 10? Who was the last male to be eliminated? How many contestants were given an extra week to perform again? Who won the season? Who took the runner-up spot? What was the name of Glover's single? What was the name of Harrison's album after 'I Am Beautiful'? Who won the season? Who took the runner-up spot? What was the name of Glover's single? What was the name of Harrison's album after 'I Am Beautiful'? What was the problem with the runner-up season? Who was the last remaining judge of the AFL? How many seasons did Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj leave the show? Who was the last remaining judge of the AFL? Which two judges left the show after one season to focus on their music careers? In what year did the 13th season premiere? Who was the host of the 13th season of 'Saving Private Ryan'? What was Randy Jackson's new role on the judging panel? Who did Louis J. Horvitz replace as a director of the audition episodes? When did the 13th season premiere? Along with Keith Urban, who returned to the judging panel? Which former judge joined Urban on the panel? Who was a former mentor of Jennifer Lopez? Who was replaced as executive producers by Per Blankens, Jesse Ignjatovic, and Evan Pragger? Who received the fewest votes in the Top 8? What was the 500th episode of 'Saving Private Ryan' called? What were contestants allowed to perform in the final rounds? Who received the fewest votes in the Top 8? Where did Sam Woolf receive the fewest votes? What was the 500th episode of 'Saving Private Ryan' called? Who was named the winner of the 2013 AFL season? Who was the runner-up to Caleb Johnson? What was the name of Johnson's coronation single? What song did Irene release as a single? Who was named the winner of the 2013 AFL season? Who was the runner-up to Caleb Johnson? What was the name of Johnson's coronation single? What song did Irene release as a single? In what year did the fourteenth season premiere? Who returned to host of The Tonight Show? Who was the eighth season runner-up? Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban, and Harry Connick, Jr. returned for their respective fourth, third, and second seasons as what? Who did not return as the in-house mentor for this season? When did the fourteenth season premiere? Who was the eighth season runner-up? How many episodes a week are aired during the final ten? Who ended their longtime sponsorship of the show? What company remained a reduced role in the show? Who did the winner of the season receive a recording contract with? How many episodes a week are aired during the final ten? Who ended their longtime sponsorship of the show? What company remained a reduced role in the show? Who did the winner of the season receive a recording contract with? Who defeated Clark Beckham to win the AFL season? Who did Nick Fradiani defeat? Who was the third place finalist? What was Fradiani's coronation single? What was the name of the single released by Jax? Who defeated Clark Beckham to win the AFL season? Who did Nick Fradiani defeat? What was Fradiani's coronation single? What song did Beckham release? Who was the third place finalist? In what year did Fox announce that American Idol would end? How many seasons does American Idol have? How many seasons does American Idol have? Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez return for their respective third, fourth, and fifth seasons as what? Who is the host of The Tonight Show? When did Fox announce that American Idol would end? Who is the host of The Tonight Show? How many contestants have appeared in the finals of all seasons of 'Saturday Night Live'? When did Idol begin? What part of the United States have ten of the fourteen Idol winners come from? What state is Chris Daughtry from? What state is Chris Daughtry from? How many of the fourteen Idol winners have come from the Southern United States? Who is a notable North Carolina finalists? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants through January 2010? What percentage of Kentucky households were more likely to watch American Idol in 2009? How many CDs were sold by Idol contestants through January 2010? How many of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants were by contestants with ties to the American South? Who is the season five winner? What state is Taylor Hicks from? Where do many people in the Bible Belt get their start in public singing? Where do many people in the Bible Belt get their start in public singing? What state is Taylor Hicks from? What did Idol pundits call the trend of a white male playing the guitar? Who was the winner of American Idol: The Untold Story? What book is Richard Rushfield the author of? How many consecutive seasons did Idol have a white male playing the guitar? What did Idol pundits call the "WGWG" factor? What did Idol pundits call the trend of a white male playing the guitar? Who wrote the book American Idol: The Untold Story? Who was the winner of American Idol: The Untold Story? Who did the contestants have to sign a onerous contract with? Who beat Clay Aiken in season two? Who did Ruben Studdard beat in season two? When did Vote for the Worst close? How many more text votes were there in season 8? When did Ruben Studdard beat Clay Aiken in a close vote? In what season did the massive increase in text votes fuel the texting controversy? What has been a concern for the first season of the AFL? When did Vote for the Girls begin? When did Vote for the Worst close? What is the name of the charity event on Idol? How much money has this event raised? What is the name of the charity event on Idol? When did Idol Gives Back begin? When did American Idol premiere? How many viewers did the first show draw? What was the average audience on finale night? What season did American Idol premiere in 2002? When did American Idol premiere? How many viewers did the first show draw? What was the average audience on finale night? How many people watched the first season of 'Bridge of Spies'? How many viewers watched the first season of The Sun? Who won over Clay Aiken on the finale night of American Idol? By what season had American Idol become the most watched series on American TV for the first time? What was the highest-rated season of 'Bridge of Spies'? How many people watched the first season of 'Bridge of Spies'? How many viewers watched the first season of The Sun? How many seasons did American Idol have? Which season of American Idol had the highest rating? Which season of American Idol had the highest rating? What was the name of the show that aired on NBC called? What network's The Cosby Show was a previous hit? Which season of American Idol had the highest rating? What was the name of the show that aired on NBC called? What did season six show in terms of viewership? What was the average rating for Season six? What season did the loss of viewers continue into? What was the cause of the fall in viewership? What season did the loss of viewers continue into? Who was eliminated from 'Bridge of Spies'? What season did the loss of viewers continue into? What did Fox become in the country for the first time since its inception? What was the cause of the fall in viewership? Which network broke Idol's six year streak in ratings? Along with The Cosby Show and All in the Family, what television network had a previous record of five consecutive seasons with American Idol? In what year did NBC's coverage of the Winter Olympics break Idol's six-year streak of perfection in the ratings? What event was NBC covering on February 17? How many viewers watched the 2010 Winter Olympics? How many years was Idol's streak of perfection in the ratings? What was the median age in its first season? What was the median age for the season? What was the median age for the season? What was the median age in its first season? How many years ago did American Idol lose the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18-49 demo? American Idol came in second to what show on NBC? For the first time in how many years has American Idol lost the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo? What was the average viewership for the second season of 'Bridge of Spies'? What was the average viewership of 'Saving Private Ryan'? When was American Idol created? How many viewers did the finale have fewer of than the previous season? What was the average viewership for the second season of 'Bridge of Spies'? What company was the major sponsor of The Sun's 14th season? How many viewers watched the fourteenth season finale on average? How many episodes were on American Idol? When did Fox announce that American Idol would be its last season? How many viewers watched the fourteenth season finale on average? How many times did American Idol expand in the 90's and 2000's? What is the age range of adults in the U.S.? Who became the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18-49 in 2012? Who became the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18-49 in 2012? Who was the creator of 'Fox'? Along with So You Think You Can Dance, what is an example of a non-singing TV show? The Sing-Off, Rising Star, Nashville Star, and X Factor are examples of imitating what singing competition show? What is one of the most successful shows in U.S. television history? What is one of the most successful shows in U.S. television history? What is one of the most successful shows in U.S. television history? How many number one on the Billboard charts did American Idol alumni achieve in the U.S. in its first ten years? Who is the president of Mediabase? Who led the field with over four million spins? How many number one on the Billboard charts did American Idol alumni achieve in the U.S. in its first ten years? Who is the author of books on the Billboard charts? How many winners had more than a million radio spins by 2010? How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have? How many albums did the American Idol alumni have as of 2013? How many singles did the American Idol alumni have as of 2013? How many albums did the American Idol alumni have as of 2013? How many singles did the American Idol alumni have as of 2013? Who won a role in Dreamgirls? What was Debra Byrd's job? What is one area where American Idol alumni have forged successful careers? Who won a role in Dreamgirls? What film did Jennifer Hudson win a role in? Who was the Idol vocal coach that recommended Jennifer Hudson? What publication did Ken Tucker work for? What did the season one winner sing at the Lincoln Memorial on the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks? Who said that American Idol is crazily entertaining? What publication did Ken Tucker work for? Who called American Idol "a conniving multimedia monster"? Where did the season one winner sing the national anthem? What magazine did Michael Slezak work for? Who did Ramin Setoodeh accuse of helping to establish a culture of meanness? Who said that Idol contestants were not real artists with self-respect? What newspaper did Ramin Setoodeh work for? What did Sheryl Crow believe the show promoted? Who suggested that Idol has reshaped the American songbook? Who did Ramin Setoodeh accuse of helping to establish a culture of meanness? Who said that Idol contestants were not real artists with self-respect? Who turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol? When did Carrie Underwood win the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards? Who commented on Carrie Underwood winning the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006? Who was a mentor on American Idol? Who won the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006? Who did Carrie Underwood beat to win the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006? Who commented on Carrie Underwood winning the Best Female Artist in Country Music Awards in 2006? Who turned down an offer to be a judge on American Idol? What type of music has the most impact on the music industry? What format has the most impact on the country music industry? How many Primetime Emmys was Bruce Gower awarded? Who won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009? How many Creative Arts Emmys did The Tonight Show win in 2007? What was the name of the 'Idol Gives Back' edition? How many years was American Idol nominated for Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program? In what year did 'Idol Gives Back' win an Emmy? How much money was generated by 'Bridge of Spies' in 2004? What was the total TV revenue for the first eight seasons of American? What is the name of the theme park attraction that American Idol partnered with Disney? How much money was generated by 'Bridge of Spies' in 2004? Who did American Idol partner with in its theme park attraction The American Idol Experience? When did American Idol become the most expensive series on broadcast networks? How much did American Idol sell for the finale? How much did a 30-second spot cost in 2014? What was the peak ad price in season seven of 'Saving Private Ryan'? How many seasons did American Idol have? How much did NBC's advertising revenue make in the next few seasons? During what season did a sponsorship deal cost $10 million? During what season did a sponsorship deal cost $10 million? What was the third major sponsor of Idol? When did Coca-Cola end its sponsorship? How many seasons has the show been sponsored by iTunes? How much did the sponsorship deal cost in season one? How much did a sponsorship deal cost by season 7? What was the third major sponsor of Idol? What did AT&T promote as a means to vote? How many product placements did Idol show on season six? Who declined to sponsor American Idol? What was the American version of Cowell's show that PepsiCo sponsored? Who declined to sponsor American Idol? What was the American version of Cowell's show that PepsiCo sponsored? Where did Pepsi rank in 2010? What was the most successful tour? What was a sponsor of the season nine tour? What was added to the season twelve tour? Who was the sponsor for the first seven seasons? What was a sponsor of the season nine tour? What was the most successful tour? In what season did the BBC join as a sponsor? How many seasons were the recordings released as a compilation album? Where were the live performances and studio recordings made available during the season? Along with studio recordings, what has been released for sale on American Idol? How were the recordings released for the first five seasons? What was American Idol? Where were the live performances and studio recordings made available during the season? Who holds the rights to phonographic material recorded by all of the contestants? Who replaced Sony as the music label for American Idol? What is another name for Bertelsmann Music Group? Who owns 19 Recordings? Who holds the rights to phonographic material recorded by all of the contestants? What is another name for Bertelsmann Music Group? Who did BMG partner with in 2005-2007? Who replaced Sony as the music label for American Idol? Who debuted the American Idol Experience? In what year did the American Idol Experience debut? What year did the attraction close? Who co-produced a live production of 'Disney'? When did the American Idol Experience debut? Where is the American Idol Experience located? What did the winner of the finals show receive? When did the attraction close? How many nations broadcast American Idol? Who aired the first thirteen seasons of American Idol in Canada? In what year did Yes TV announce it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? Which television network announced in August 2014 that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? How many nations broadcast American Idol? Who aired the first thirteen seasons of American Idol in Canada? Which television network announced in August 2014 that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol? Who broadcast the twelfth season in Italy? How many days after the U.S. broadcast are episodes aired in the UK? Who broadcasts The Sun in southeast Asia? On what days does the church close its doors for nine or ten hours? Who broadcasts The Sun in southeast Asia? Who broadcast the twelfth season in Italy? What are contestants called because of their past actions? How many consecutive years did The Tonight Show become the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States? How many consecutive years did KU's performance or result show rank number one overall? What is another name for the domestic dog? What type of dog has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes? How long has the domestic dog been selectively bred for? Along with physical attributes, what has the domestic dog been selectively bred for? During what decade were genetic studies undertaken on dogs that indicate they diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia? How many years ago did dogs diverge from an extinct wolf-like canid? Where was the extinct wolf-like canid from? What type of diet do dogs thrive on? What indicates that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago? What is the Western nickname given to the samurai? What is the Western nickname given to the samurai? In some cultures, dogs are a source of what? What is the Proto-Germanic word for "finger-muscle"? The term dog may derive from the earliest layer of what vocabulary? What is the Old English word for a "powerful dog breed"? The term dog may derive from the earliest layer of what vocabulary? What was the general word for all domestic canines in 14th century England? What is a subtype of hound? By what century had dog become the general word for hunting? What was the general word for all domestic canines in 14th century England? By what century had dog become the general word for hunting? What did hound refer to only in the 16th century? What Proto-Indo-European word is the word "hound" derived from? What is a group of offspring called? What is the father of a litter called? What is the French term for a puppy? What is the process of birth called? What is a female canine called in breeding circles? What is a female canine called in breeding circles? What is a group of offspring called? What is the father of a litter called? What is the name of the mother of a litter? What is another name for offspring from French poupée? What species did Linnaeus include in his categorization of species? When did Linnaeus publish a categorization of species? Which taxonomist published a categorization of species in 1758? What animal was recorded as Canis lupus? What publication listed Canis familiaris as ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog? What species did Linnaeus include in his categorization of species? What does Canis familiaris mean? What did Darwin call the wolf on the next page of his book? What is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog? When did the first edition of Mammal Species of the World list Canis familiaris under Canis lupus? When did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal? What publication upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus? What do a number of internationally recognized researchers prefer to use? Who ruled that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal? What do a number of internationally recognized researchers prefer to use? Who ruled that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal? In what opinion did the ICZN rule that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal? What strongly supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species? What is the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves? Who were the earliest dogs born? Arctic dog breeds are close to what wolf due to admixture? Whose time did the earliest dogs arise? The dog, Taymyr wolf, and what other animal diverged around 27,000-40,000 years ago? Arctic dog breeds are close to what wolf of North Asia? What breed shows more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal? What are the teeth of a dog used for? What are dogs also known as? What bone does a dog have that supports both sprinting and endurance? Along with sprinting, what does the cardiovascular system of a dog support? What are the teeth of a dog used for? What are dogs also known as? What are dogs highly variable in? What was the largest known dog? What was the largest known dog? What type of coat is common with dogs from colder climates? What type of hair does a "double" dog have? What type of coat is common with dogs from colder climates? What type of coat does a "single" dog have? Domestic dogs often display the remnants of what natural camouflage pattern? What surface of an animal will have dark coloring? Domestic dogs often display the remnants of what natural camouflage pattern? What color does a countershaded animal have on its upper surfaces? What does the light coloring on a countershaded animal reduce? What is a dog's shape called? What does a dog's tail communicate? What is a dog's shape called? What are some breeds of dogs prone to? What are fleas, ticks, and mites? Pyometra affects what type of female dogs? Pyometra affects which breed of dogs? What are fleas, ticks, and mites? What is a common human food and household ingestible to dogs? What is a common human ingestible that is toxic to dogs? What type of nuts are toxic to dogs? What is a common human food that is toxic to dogs? What is a common human food and household ingestible to dogs? What substance in tobacco can be dangerous? What kind of chocolate can be fatal to a dog? How long do mixed breeds live on average? What is the effect on a plant's lifespan? In what year did a study find that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds? How long do mixed breeds live on average? What is the range for median longevity of dogs? What breed has the shortest lifespan? What is the median lifespan of the Dogue de Bordeaux breed? Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds have median longevities of what? What breed has the shortest lifespan? What is the median lifespan of the Dogue de Bordeaux breed? What are the median longevities of the longest-lived breeds? What is the longest lived dog? What was the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records? When did Bluey die? What is the longest lived dog? When did Bluey die? What was the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records? At what age can sexual maturity be delayed for large breeds of dogs? What does the body prepare for during the estrous cycle? At what age can sexual maturity be delayed for large breeds of dogs? What do female dogs have at this time? How long do dogs bear their litters after fertilization? How long is the average gestation time of a dog's litter? How many puppies are in an average litter? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? How long is the average gestation time of a dog's litter? How many puppies are in an average litter? How many puppies do toy dogs produce in each litter? What is the term for the sterilization of animals? Which animal control agency advises that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered? What part of an animal's body is usually removed in neutering? What parts of the female's uterus are usually removed in neutering? What part of an animal's body is usually removed in neutering? What parts of the female's uterus are usually removed in neutering? What do many animal control agencies advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be? What reduces problems caused by hypersexuality in male dogs? What does neutering increase the risk of in female dogs? What type of female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer? What does neutering increase the risk of in female dogs? What type of cancer does neutering increase the risk of in males? Who knew the labels of over 200 different items? What was the name of the border collie that could associate by verbal command over 1,000 words? What human body language are dogs able to read and react to? What animal outperforms domestic dogs in a non-social problem-solving experiment? What do modern domestic dogs use humans for? What is the ability of a dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems? How many different items did Rico know the labels of? What kind of memory skills do dogs have? How many words could a border collie associate by verbal command? How long have dogs been domesticated? The minds of dogs have been shaped by millennia of contact with whom? What do these skills parallel? The minds of dogs have been shaped by millennia of contact with whom? The minds of dogs have been shaped by millennia of contact with whom? What is the internal coordinated responses of a domestic dog to internal and/or external stimuli called? What are dogs uniquely attuned to our behaviors? Whose social-cognitive skills do these skills parallel? What is gustatory communication? Along with body posture and vocalization, what do humans use to communicate with dogs? What is it called when dogs speak to each other? Along with body posture and vocalization, what do humans use to communicate with dogs? What type of dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves? What is the cause of a dog's limp ears? What distinguishes gray wolves from domestic dogs? How often do gray wolves enter estrus? What were dogs initially selected for? How many fixed genes showed variation between wolves and dogs? What did the gene variations indicate selection on during dog domestication? What is the fight-or-flight response? What do dogs generally show less of compared to wolves? What were dogs primarily selected for? Why were dogs initially selected? How many fixed genes showed variation between wolves and dogs? Along with fear, what do dogs have less of compared to wolves? What is the global dog population estimated at? What is the global dog population estimated at? What are all dog population estimates based on? What type of predators are large wild dogs? What kind of ness have wolves displayed when attacking humans? What animal can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals? What type of predators are large wild dogs? What do wolves kill more frequently than wolves? Which animal in Russia seems to limit feral dog populations? Tigers are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as what other animal? What are major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What reptiles have been known to kill and eat dogs? Which animal is known to kill and consume dogs regardless of their size or ferocity? What animals are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards? What reptiles have been known to kill and eat dogs? What are major predators of village dogs in Turkmenistan, India, and the Caucasus? What are dogs sometimes described as in scholarly and other writings? What types of foods will a dog digest? What type of carnivore is the cat family? What are dogs described as in scholarly and other writings? What are dogs not dependent on in order to fulfill their basic dietary requirements? What type of digestion do dogs have adaptations in genes involved in? How old are most breeds of dogs? What have most breeds of dogs been artificially selected for? How has the dog developed into hundreds of varied breeds? What animal has a height of about 76 cm? How old are most breeds of dogs? How many varied breeds has the dog developed into? What color are grays usually called? What has reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? Natural selection and selective what have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? Who keeps modern dog breeds? What have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs? Natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to what? What type of classifications are modern dog breeds? How do kennel clubs classify dogs? How many major types of dogs are statistically distinct? What are two examples of "old world dogs"? What type of dog is a Border Collie? How many major types of dogs are statistically distinct? Malamute and Shar Pei are examples of what type of dog? What is another name for "modern"-type dogs? What behavior did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? What are some of the attributes of dogs that have enabled them to become one of the most successful species on the planet today? What has the relationship of dogs with humans enabled them to become? What behavior did domestic dogs inherit from their wolf ancestors? Who were dogs valuable to early humans? What is a recent role that dogs have on people? What is the Western nickname given to the samurai? What are dogs used for in some cultures? What did dogs clean up? What is the Australian Aboriginal term for an exceptionally cold night? What did dogs use their acute hearing to provide? How would dogs have improved sanitation? What is the Australian Aboriginal term for an exceptionally cold night? What did a 2004 study of hunter groups with and without a dog show was an important factor in wolf domestication? When did a study of hunter groups with and without a dog support the hypothesis that cooperative hunting was an important factor in wolf domestication? What did anthropologists believe was the most significant benefit to the hunt? The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for what? What type of dog may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America? What bridge did emigrants from Siberia walk across to enter North America? How long ago is the earliest evidence of dog-like canids in North America? How long ago did the first waves of sled dogs arrive in North America? Who was the only domesticated animal in North America? What tribes did dogs carry much of the load in the migration of 1,400 years ago? What animal was introduced to North America? What animal was buried at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha? The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between what two species? When did pet dog populations grow significantly? When did the role of the pet dog begin to change? Where were dogs kept more often in the 1950s and 1960s? Who keeps dogs as companions? Where were dogs kept more often in the 1950s and 1960s? When did the role of the pet dog begin to change? What is the first step in the evolution of a dog? What is the second major trend in the changing status of pet dogs? How many major trends have there been in the changing status of pet dogs? What is the first step in the evolution of a dog? What does the concept of the family and home include dogs as dogs in? What is available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion? In what century did dog training begin? What do dogs do to establish territory through scent? How far back can dog training be traced? What do dogs do to establish territory through scent? What is an organized activity that can be traced back to the 18th century? What do most people with dogs describe their pet as? What television program promoted a dominance model of dog-human relationships? What do most people with dogs describe their pet as? What television program promoted a dominance model of dog-human relationships? What did dogs often bring from the lawn? What did dogs often lick in the dishwasher? What is an example of an activity in which the dog is an integral partner? What do many dogs have undertaken as family members? What did dogs often bring from the lawn? According to the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, how many people have pet dogs in the United States? According to the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association, how many people have pet dogs in the United States? What does MRI stand for? What do dogs have the same response to? What part of the body do dogs use to respond to voices? What type of sound do dogs recognize? What is another name for magnetic resonance imaging? What kind of human sounds can dogs recognize? What is the unique nickname for a dog? What do hounds and pointers do? What do fishers use to help them? What was the name of the first animal to orbit the Earth? What was the first animal to orbit the Earth? What is the unique nickname for a dog? What animals are used as companions in the fishing industry? What do fishers use to help them? What was the name of the first animal to orbit the Earth? In what year did a husky-terrier mix become the first animal to orbit the Earth? What type of dogs provide assistance to individuals with mental disabilities? What can a guardian seek from a dog owned by epileptics? What is another name for conformation shows? Who evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type? What does a judge evaluate individual purebred dogs for? The breed standard only deals with what kind of qualities of the dog? In what shows are separately tested qualities not part of the judging? Who evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type? The breed standard only deals with what kind of qualities of the dog? What is an example of a separately tested quality that is not part of the judging in conformation shows? Where is dog meat consumed? What do Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures generally regard consumption of dog meat as? What is believed to be good for the lungs? Proponents of eating dog meat have argued that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is what? What do Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures regard consumption of dog meat as? What is dog fat believed to have in rural areas of Poland? What is the most popular Korean dog dish? What is gaejang-guk? What is the purpose of gaejang-guk? What does the 19th century version of gaejang-guk say is used to prepare dog meat? When is gaejang-guk meant to balance the body's heat? What does the 19th century version of gaejang-guk say is used to prepare dog meat? How many people in the US are bitten by dogs each year? How many fatalities per year were there in the US in the 1980s and 1990s? In the 2000s, how many deaths per year were there in the US? How many people in the US are bitten by dogs each year? In what decade did the number of fatalities in the US increase to 26? What did a Colorado study find about bites in children? What is the incidence of dog bites per 10,000 inhabitants in the US? What is the incidence rate of dog bites for boys aged 5 to 9? Where do children have a much higher chance to be bitten? What can a sharp claw with powerful muscles lead to? In what state was a study found that bites in children were less severe than bites in adults? What is the incidence rate of dog bites for boys aged 5 to 9? What can a sharp claw with powerful muscles lead to? What animal is a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year in the U.S.? What type of vehicles are most commonly involved in dog-associated road accidents? What type of vehicles are most commonly involved in dog-associated road accidents? What is Toxocara canis? Where can toxocara canis eggs be found? How many cases of Toxocara infection are reported in the United States each year? What can untreated toxocariasis cause? What is Toxocara canis? What percentage of the US population is infected with Toxocara? How many cases of Toxocara infection are reported in the United States each year? In Great Britain, what percentage of soil samples contained T. canis eggs? What can untreated toxocariasis cause? In what year did a paper state that recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? What does research show about children who live with pets is less? In what year did a paper state that recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? What did people with pet dogs do more of than people without pets? What did people with pet dogs do more of than people without pets? What can protect against allergies and autoimmune diseases? What do dogs facilitate between humans? In what year did a study find that pet owners were more likely to get to know people in their neighborhood? What do people show reductions in when in the presence of a pet dog? Who do wheelchair users experience more positive social interactions with when accompanied by a dog? Where were animals introduced to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What can animal-assisted therapy with a dog increase among people with Alzheimer's disease? What did children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals decrease? When did the practice of using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy begin? Where were animals introduced to help socialize patients with mental disorders? What animal was used as a part of therapy in the 18th century? What can increase social behaviors among people with Alzheimer's disease? What are medical detection dogs capable of detecting? How large is the brain's olfactory cortex of dogs? How many parts per trillion can a dog detect odour? How large is the brain's olfactory cortex of dogs? How many cancer patients has Daisy detected? Who is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades? What does Cerberus guard in Greek mythology? What dog guards Helheim in Norse mythology? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? What is Tadaklan the god of? In what mythology do two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge? Who is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades? What dog guards Helheim in Norse mythology? What is Tadaklan? Who is the pet of Tadaklan? What are the hunters said to watch over? Who is the god of death? What do offerings at the Muthappan Temple take the form of? Who is the god of death? What are the Rangers said to watch over? What does Muthappan have a hunting dog as? What do offerings at the shrine take the form of? How are dogs viewed in Islam? What are dogs viewed as in Islam? Where was Hasan Küçük from? What are dogs required to wear when searching mosques or Muslim homes? What are dogs viewed as in Islam? In what year did Hasan Küçük call for dog ownership to be made illegal in The Hague? Where did Islamic activists lobby for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods? What do police sniffer dogs not contact with passengers in Britain? What do dogs represent in Christianity? Jewish law requires Jews to feed dogs before who? Jewish law requires Jews to do what to dogs before themselves? What do dogs represent in Christianity? What are dogs viewed as in Asian countries? In what country are dogs viewed as kind protectors? How are dogs viewed in Asian countries? Where were dogs portrayed in art for thousands of years? What scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? Where were dogs portrayed in art for thousands of years? What was popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance? What happened to the representations of dogs as individual breeds evolved? Diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis are some of the same health conditions as what other species? Who is incapable of mounting the female? What is the most common response of scavengers when approached by strangers? What is the most common response of scavengers when approached by strangers? What is the vast majority of modern research on dog cognition focused on? What would wolves and their dog descendants have derived from living in human camps? What was one of the key forces that led to human success? Why have studies suggesting that there are benefits to physical health and psychological wellbeing been criticised? What do people who keep pet dogs or cats make fewer visits to? What year was the tradition of the "Journey of Harmony" started? How long did the Journey of Harmony last? What was the theme of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? What was the name of the Olympic torch relay? What was the theme of the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay? Where was the "Journey of Harmony" held? What was the relay called by the organizers? How long was the longest Olympic torch relay? When was the Olympic torch lit? Where was the Olympic torch first lit? When did the Olympic torch arrive in Beijing? How many continents did the torch travel through? The torch has visited cities along what road? Where was the Olympic torch first lit? When was the Olympic torch lit? Where did the torch go after being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games? When did the Olympic torch arrive in Beijing? What mountain was ascented with the flame from the Chinese side? How many people protested in San Francisco? How many people protested in Pyongyang? Why were people protesting the torch relay? Who extinguished the torch? Who described the attacks on the torch in London and Paris as "despicable"? In San Francisco, the number of what was more than the number of protesters? Who overwhelmed the protesters in Australia, Japan, and South Korea? Who overwhelmed the protesters in Australia, Japan, and South Korea? What was reported between the protesters and supporters? Where were there no protests during the torch relay? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? Rogge said any athletes displaying what flag could be expelled from the games? What did the IOC decide to scrap in future editions of the games? Who was the president of the International Olympic Committee? What did Rogge say could happen to athletes displaying Tibetan flags at Olympic venues? Who called for the cancellation of the relay? What did the IOC decide to scrap in future editions of the games? The Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for what event had been cancelled? The Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for what event had been cancelled? What is the traditional Chinese design of the Olympic Torch? What material is the Strictly Comet made out of? How much does the Avicenna weigh? What is used to ignite and extinguish a flame? What is the traditional Chinese design of the Olympic Torch? What material is the Strictly Comet made out of? How many miles per hour is the torch designed to remain lit in? How many centimetres high is the Avicenna? How is the torch fueled? What aircraft did the torch travel in? What colors were the torch painted in? When was Air China chosen as the Olympic torch carrier? How long was the duration of the USS Enterprise? What aircraft did the torch travel in? What colors were the torch painted in? Who chartered the A330? How many days did it take the USS Enterprise to travel through 21 countries and regions? How many countries and regions did the USS Enterprise travel through? How many continents did the torch travel through? Where was the first stop of the planned route? What countries did the Republic of China say Taiwan could be placed on the same level as? Where did the torch travel from March 2008 to May 2008? Where was the Torch Relay held? What countries did the Republic of China say Taiwan could be placed on the same level as? How many kilometers long was the torch route in Taiwan? When was the Olympic Flame ignited? Where was the torch lighting ceremony held? Who was the first torchbearer? Who was the first torchbearer? When did protesters shout 'Free Tibet'? Where was the torch lighting ceremony held? Who was the first torchbearer? What medal did Alexandros Nikolaidis win at the 2004 Summer Olympics? Who was the first torchbearer? What country had a particularly violent confrontation with police? What French hypermart was called to boycott from May 1? Who was Carrefour's major shareholder? What did some add Nazism's Swastika to? Along with Hefei and Wuhan, what major Chinese city was boycotted by Chinese protesters? Who was Carrefour's major shareholder? How did the Chinese government try to calm the situation? What French hypermart was called to boycott from May 1? What newspaper urged Chinese people to express patriotic enthusiasm in a calm manner? What newspaper urged Chinese people to express patriotic enthusiasm in a calm manner? What type of manner did the People's Daily urge Chinese people to express their patriotic aspiration in? Where was the first Olympic torchbearer? Who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? Who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? Where did the Uighur protesters go on their way to Beijing? Who was arrested and some were deported back to China? Who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? Who was the first torchbearer in Almaty? How many kilometers did the route run from Medeo stadium to Astana Square? What group of people were reported to have been arrested and deported back to China? When was the torch relay leg in Istanbul held? Where did the torch relay leg in Istanbul end? Where did the torch relay leg in Istanbul begin? Who protested at the treatment of their compatriots in Xinjiang? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where did the torch relay leg in Istanbul begin? Where did the torch relay leg in Istanbul end? Who protested at the treatment of their compatriots in Xinjiang? What did the police do to protesters who tried to disrupt the relay? On what date did the Olympic torch arrive in Saint Petersburg? Where did the torch relay start? Where did the torch relay finish? Who was a former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion? Where did the Olympic torch arrive on April 5? Where did the torch relay start? Where did the torch relay finish? Who was a former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion? Where was the 2012 Summer Olympics held? When was the torch relay leg held in London? How much did security cost for the torch relay? Where was the 2012 Summer Olympics held? Where did the torch relay leg in London begin? Where did the torch relay leg of the 2012 Summer Olympics end? How long was the longest leg of the Tuvalu-Tibetan War of Independence? What was Lord Coe's description of the Chinese officials? How many torch-bearers were in London? Who started the relay? Along with Francesca Martinez, who refused to carry the torch? Who welcomed the torch outside 10 Downing Street without holding or touching it? Who started the relay? How many torch-bearers were in London? Who refused to carry the torch? Where did Gordon Brown welcome the torch? Where did a demonstrator attempt to snatch the torch from Konnie Huq? When was the torch relay leg in Paris held? Where did the torch relay leg in Paris begin? How did the torch finish the relay? Who was about to hand the torch over to David Douillet? When was the torch relay leg in Paris held? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where did the torch relay leg in Paris begin? How many French police protected the Olympic torch relay? How many times did the relay authorities put out the flame? Who flown a Tibetan flag from a window in the City Hall? Who was the third torchbearer in the Paris leg? What was Madonna's nickname? What ceremony did Chinese officials cancel? Who was the third torchbearer in the Paris leg? What was Madonna's nickname? Who flown a Tibetan flag from a window in the City Hall? What organization organized protests at the Eiffel Tower? Where did Reporters Without Borders climb to hang a protest banner? Where did Reporters Without Borders hang a protest banner? What did Reporters Without Borders hang from the Eiffel Tower? What organization organized protests at the Eiffel Tower? Where did Reporters Without Borders hang a protest banner? Where did the pro-Tibet protesters gather? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? Who was the President of the French Tibetan community? Where did the pro-Tibet protesters gather? What type of protest did the pro-Tibet protesters remain at the Trocadéro for? Who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China? Jane Birkin spoke to the media about the lack of what in China? In what session did all political parties in Parliament request a pause? What did the banner outside the National Assembly read? What did the protesting MPs shout as they drove past the National Assembly? Along with other French politicians, members of what body protested against the French government? What session was granted a pause by all political parties in Parliament? What did the banner outside the National Assembly read? What did the protesting MPs shout as they drove past the National Assembly? What did French police confiscate from demonstrators? What newspaper commented that the Chinese were given freedom of expression? Where was the Tibetan flag forbidden? Who was the Minister of the Interior? What did French police confiscate from demonstrators? Where was the Tibetan flag forbidden? Who was the Minister of the Interior? Who struck a cameraman in the face? Where was the torch relay's North American leg held? What was the date of the torch relay's North American leg? Who was the first torchbearer? Where was the torch to leave for Buenos Aires to be held? Who is the head of the U.S. Olympic Committee? Where was the torch relay's North American leg held? When did the torch relay's North American leg take place? Who was the first torchbearer? Where was the planned closing ceremony for the torch to be held? Who approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco? What did China fail to cease in Tibet and occupied Tibet? On what date were protests planned in New Delhi? When did the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approve a resolution addressing human rights concerns? Who approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco? Where was the April 8 protest? Who led the protest at the United Nations Plaza? What bridge did the activists unfurl two banners on April 7, 2008? What TV station did Laurel Sutherlin speak to from a cellphone? Who requested that the torch route in San Francisco be shortened? What bridge did the activists unfurl two banners on April 7, 2008? Who urged the International Olympic Committee to not allow the torch to go through Tibet? How many supporters were charged with trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance? How many activists unfurl two banners at the Golden Gate Bridge? Where did the first runner in the relay disappear into? Who is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change? Who is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change? In what district of San Francisco did the torch run end? Where did the torch run end? What was the name of the heavily trafficked thoroughfare that was not on official route plans? When was the torch relay leg held in Buenos Aires? Where did the torch relay leg begin? Who was the mayor of Buenos Aires? Where was the torch relay leg held? Where did the torch relay leg begin? Who was the mayor of Buenos Aires? Who was the first torchbearer? What did people show the parade route with? Who was a pro-Tibet activist? Where did the alternative march go? What giant banner was displayed on the torch route? Who said Buenos Aires will not put out the Olympic torch? Where did the alternative march take place? What was the name of the torch used by the protesters? What giant banner was displayed on the torch route? What NGO wanted to show the contradiction between the Olympic Games and the presence of widespread human rights violations in China? Who is the outreach director of HRTR? What non-profit is funded by fmr? Who pulled out of the relay to avoid the Olympic controversy? How many police officers were involved in protecting the torch relay? What did the protesters throw in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame? What non-profit is funded by fmr? Who pulled out of the relay to avoid the Olympic controversy? How many police officers were involved in protecting the torch relay? What did the protesters throw in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame? What was the nature of the protests? Where was the torch's only stop in Africa? When was the torch's only stop in Africa? What was China's largest foreign aid project in the 1970s? Where was the torch's only stop in Africa? What was China's largest foreign aid project in the 1970s? What stadium was built with Chinese aid in 2005? What country was the TAZARA Railway from? Who lit the torch for the relay? Which city was the torch's only stop in the Middle East on April 14? When was Muscat the torch's only stop in the Middle East? Who was one of the torchbearers? Which city was the torch's only stop in the Middle East on April 14? How many kilometers did the relay cover? Who was one of the torchbearers? When did the Olympic torch reach Islamabad for the first time? Where was the torch carried? Along with President Musharraf, who was the Prime Minister at the opening ceremony of the relay? Where did the Olympic torch reach for the first time? Where was the torch carried? On what date was the relay cut to 2.3 km? How many runners ran the relay through New Delhi on April 17? Who refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay? How many torchbearers were there? What city did the relay run through on April 17? How many miles was the relay through New Delhi cut to? How many runners ran the relay through New Delhi on April 17? How many torchbearers were there? Who refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay? What celebrations are considered terrorist targets? Who was the Indian ambassador to Beijing? Who was Kamal Nath? Who was India's Commerce Minister? At what time was the ambassador summoned to the Foreign Ministry? What celebrations are considered terrorist targets? What are Republic Day celebrations considered? How many Tibetans live in India? What did Indian officials say about India? Who rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community? How many Tibetans live in India? What did Indian officials say was out of the question? What did Indian officials refuse permission to do? India and China have a "rapid deterioration" of what? Who stated that it did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay? Who refused to participate in the protest? What does IPS stand for? Who pulled out of the Olympic torch relay? On what date was a protest organized in Delhi against Chinese repression in Tibet? Who refused to participate in the protest? Who pulled out of the Olympic torch relay? Where was a protest against Chinese repression in Tibet held? Who broke up the protest? What did Kiran Bedi say she didn't want to run in the event? On what date did the Olympic flames first visit Thailand? Who withdrew from the torch-running ceremony? Who told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear? On what date did the Olympic flames first visit Thailand? How many kilometers did the relay cover? Who did Thai authorities threaten to arrest? Who boycotted the relay? What was the date of the Kuala Lumpur event? What was the capital city of Malaysia? Where did the relay begin? When was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? Where did the relay begin? Where did the Olympic flame end? When was the last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia? How many people were in the team that guarded the torchbearers? Whose supporters demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in Malaysia? Whose supporters demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in Malaysia? What did Chinese nationals use to hit a Japanese family? What did the Chinese shout at the Japanese? What did the Chinese volunteers take away from two other Malaysians protesting at the relay? When did the Olympic flame reach Jakarta? Who requested the 20 km relay through Jakarta be cancelled? Along with invitees, who was allowed into the stadium? Where did the Olympic flame reach on April 22? How many kilometers was the original relay through Jakarta? What was the reason the 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled? Where was the relay held? Where did protests take place? What was the date of the Australian Capital Territory event? Who presented the Olympic flame to the Aboriginal elder of the Ngunnawal people? What did Queen Victoria offer to the people of New Haven as a gift of peace and welcome? Who argued over the role of the Chinese flame attendants? Where was the Australian Capital Territory event held? How many kilometers of Canberra's central areas were covered by the Commonwealth Park event? What is the name of the central area of Canberra? Who kept Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators apart? Who presented the Olympic flame to the Aboriginal elder of the Ngunnawal people? Who did China request permission to deploy along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra? What did the Chinese Students and Scholars Association want Australian students to defend? Who is the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations? Who was the Foreign Minister that said the Chinese were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view"? Who did China request permission to deploy along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra? Who has been given powers to search relay spectators? Who is the chairman of the Australian Council of Chinese Organisations? Who was a Chinese Australian student organising pro-Beijing demonstrations? Who was the Foreign Minister that said the Chinese were urging supporters to "turn up and put a point of view"? Who was the torchbearer? Who said Victoria's decision was a good example of peacefully making a point? Who was the torchbearer? Who said Victoria's decision was a good example of peacefully making a point? Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay? Who was closely involved to ensure that pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists? Who ended the Australian leg of the torch relay? How many pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay? How many Chinese supporters were expected to attend the relay? Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee? Who was closely involved to ensure that pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists? Where was the 1998 Winter Olympics held? When was the 1998 Winter Olympics held in Nagano? Where was the 1998 Winter Olympics held? What Olympics did Nagano host? What refused to host the Olympic torch relay in Nagano? What was the previous site of the new starting point? How many Chinese guards were allowed to accompany the torch? Where was the 1988 Summer Olympics held? What Olympics did Seoul host on April 27? Where did the riot police begin? Who clashed with protesters on the day of the torch relay in Seoul? Where was the 1988 Summer Olympics held? What Olympics did Seoul host on April 27? What was the date of the Pyongyang Fair? Who was the head of the country's parliament? Who was the first runner to run through Pyongyang? Where did the relay begin? Where did Pak Du Ik begin his route? On what date did the Olympic torch travel to North Korea? What were the crowds waving at the start of the relay in Pyongyang? Who was the first runner to run through Pyongyang? What was UNICEF concerned the relay would be used for? What is North Korea often listed as the world's worst offenders? What agency pulled out of the relay? Who did UNICEF withdraw from the relay? What was UNICEF's mission? Which country is often listed as one of the worst offenders against human rights? What was the date of the Ho Chi Minh City event? In what city was the World Cup held on April 29? How many torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium? Where did the torchbearers carry the torch? Where did the torchbearers carry the torch? Where did anti-Chinese demonstrations occur in December 2007? Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China for sovereignty of what two islands? What is the name of the county-level city that the Chinese government has established in the disputed territories? Where did anti-Chinese demonstrations occur in December 2007? Who is the Prime Minister of Vietnam? How many anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi? Who was a prominent blogger in Vietnam that was arrested on charges of tax evasion? Who was a torchbearer in Vietnam? How many anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi? What was the real name of iu Cày? What was iu Cày arrested on? Who was a torchbearer in Vietnam? What was removed from the official website? What was the date of the Hong Kong event? Who was the first torchbearer? Where was the torchbearer's ceremony held? Where did the torch relay end? How many torchbearers were selected to participate in the event? On what date was the first Olympic torchbearer honored? Who was the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui? How did the torch relay cross the Shing Mun River? How many torchbearers were selected to participate in the event? Who were the torchbearers? What did members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China wave? What was the name of the protests in 1989? Who was a former RDHK radio host? Who took the protesters away? Why is Chan suing the Hong Kong government? What did Szeto Wah say the Olympic flames symbolized? Who was a Legislative Council member? What did Christina Chan wrap around her body? What group was led by Danish sculptor Jens Galschit? What structure did Galschit paint to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests? Why were Galschit and two other people denied entry to Hong Kong? Who was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? What policy does Hong Kong have? What democracy group did Jens Galschit lead? What structure did Galschit paint to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests? Why were Galschit and two other people denied entry to Hong Kong? Who was briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport? What was the date of the Macau event? Where was the ceremony held? How many torchbearers were there? Who was the first and last torchbearer in the relay? What type of athletes were among the torchbearers criticized by Macao Daily News? What was the date of the Macau event? How many torchbearers were there? Who was the first and last torchbearer in the relay? Who was the first and last torchbearer in the relay? Where was an article about the Macao torchbearers published? What website was the Macau resident arrested for posting a message on? Along with cyberctm.com, what internet forum was shut down in May? Who was arrested for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay? What website was the Macau resident arrested for posting a message on? Who denied that the shutdowns of the websites were politically motivated? When did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan? Who was one of the Chinese big names that attended the torch lighting ceremony in Sanya, Hainan? When did the torch arrive in Sanya, Hainan? When did the torch return to China for the first time? What is the acronym for the International Olympic Committee? Who was one of the Chinese big names that attended the torch ceremony in Sanya, Hainan? What have Western reporters in Beijing described Chinese media coverage as? What have Chinese netizens accused Western media of being? What French newspaper was criticised by the Chinese State press agency Xinhua? What type of coverage of the torch relay has been different from elsewhere? What have Western reporters in Beijing described Chinese media coverage as? Who did Chinese media not broadcast the disruption of the torch lighting ceremony? What French newspaper was criticised by the Chinese State press agency Xinhua? What did Xinhua say Libération supported? What did the Chinese media focus on in response to the pro-Tibet and pro-human rights protests? What did Xinhua and CCTV say about the protests? Who expressed support for the protestors? What did Xinhua call the protesters? Who expressed support for the protestors? Along with CCTV, what newspaper quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests? What did the Indian torchbearers vow to run for? Manavjit Singh Sandhu, Abhinav Bindra, Ayaan Ali Khan and Rajinder Singh Rahelu said what should not be mixed? What did the Indian torchbearers vow to do? Manavjit Singh Sandhu, Abhinav Bindra, Ayaan Ali Khan and Rajinder Singh Rahelu said what should not be mixed? What newspaper published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying? What newspaper reported that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media? What have some Western media reported on Chinese accusations of? Who was the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom? What newspaper published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying? What newspaper reported that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media? What was the name of the U.S.-based cable news network? What was the name of the U.S.-based cable news network? Who called on CNN to apologise for insulting the Chinese people? What was the title of the article published by the BBC in response to earlier criticism? Who wrote that Chinese people were able to access the BBC's website for the first time? How many people gathered outside the BBC buildings in Manchester and London on April 19? Who wrote that Chinese people were able to access the BBC's website for the first time? What country was censored by the Chinese media? What newspaper published a report on China's protest against biased media coverage of the Olympics? What newspaper published a report on China's protest against biased media coverage of the Olympics? What did the Chinese government appear to be running on April 4? Who claims to have created Anti-cnn? Who claims to have created Anti-cnn? Who suspected that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government-made website? How many unarmed attendants did the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee send to escort the flame? When was the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" sworn in? What do the soldiers wear to the torch every step of the way? What is the name of one of the torch attendants? How many unarmed attendants did the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee send to escort the flame? When was the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" sworn in? What type of clothing do the soldiers wear to the torch every step of the way? What is the name of one of the torch attendants? What French hypermart was called to boycott in China on May 1? Who is Carrefour's major shareholder? Who did the Chinese accuse the LVMH Group of donating funds to? What did some add Swastika to? Who is Carrefour's major shareholder? What did the Chinese protesters accuse the French of? What type of protests occurred in 2005? What newspaper urged Chinese people to express patriotic enthusiasm in a calm manner? What internet forum was censored by the government? On what date did protests break out in front of Carrefour stores? What was one recent protest that the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation? What newspaper urged Chinese people to express patriotic enthusiasm in a calm manner? Who attempted to calm the protests? When did protests break out in front of Carrefour stores in Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang? Who is the Mayor of Nagano? What did Shoichi Washizawa call the torch relay in Nagano? What cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay? Who is the Mayor of Nagano? What did Shoichi Washizawa call the torch relay in Nagano? What cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay? What is the Olympic Flame kept alight in when it is extinguished at night? When is the Olympic Flame kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns? What was Michael Mak Kwok-fung's job? Who did Chinese media report on? Who initially gave little mention to Jin Jing? How many additional teams of attendants will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route? How many attendants will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route? What was the main point of the book? What is the ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica? Whose work is generally accepted? What did Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem prove? How did Gödel come to this conclusion? When was Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem created? What did Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem demonstrate about any set of axioms and inference rules? What is the ultimate substantive legacy of Mathematica? Along with logic, epistemology and metaphysics, what subject did Darwin's book draw connections between? When was the essay from which Aims of Education derived its name? What isinert ideas? What did Popper think of education with inert ideas? When was Whitehead's book published? When was Whitehead's book published? When was Whitehead's book published? What did The Aims Education and Other Essays contain? What did Popper call ideas that are disconnected scraps of information with no application to real life or culture? What did Whitehead advocate instead of a large number of subjects? What did Whitehead believe a small number of subjects should be taught? How did Whitehead view education? What does Whitehead believe education should be? What did Whitehead advocate teaching that could organically link to many different areas of knowledge? What did Whitehead believe the student could organically link to? What type of school model did Whitehead believe education should be the opposite of? How much formal training did Popper have in philosophy? What did he write to Bertrand Russell after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive? How did Whitehead become a metaphysicist? Who was a former student of Popper? What type of education did Popper receive? Who was Bertrand Russell? What was the rank of a samurai amateur? What did Whitehead become in later life? What was Whitehead quoted as saying in a 1927 note? Why is it difficult to see metaphysical assumptions about the universe? What did Whitehead argue about the need to re-imagine basic assumptions about how the universe works? What did Whitehead consider metaphysical investigations to be? What does Whitehead believe scientists and philosophers do all the time? Why are metaphysical assumptions not easily seen? What did Whitehead believe people need to continually re-imagine for philosophy and science to make any real progress? What did Whitehead consider to be essential to good science and good philosophy? What did Darwin reject in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology? Whitehead rejected the Cartesian idea that reality is constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another in favor of what kind of ontology? How did Darwin use the term "experience"? What was Descartes' separation of? What did Whitehead call his metaphysical system? What idea did Whitehead consider to be faulty? Whitehead rejected the Cartesian idea that reality is constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another in favor of what? What is an event-based ontology? What did Popper believe the most basic elements of reality can all be regarded as? What did Whitehead's metaphysical system become more widely known as? Why have materialists mistaken the abstract for the concrete? What concepts are problematic to Whitehead? What are "classical" concepts? What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person philosophically described as? What does Whitehead call the progressively connected occasions of experience? What concepts fail to adequately account for change? What do "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for? What concepts did Whitehead think are problematic? What does Whitehead call a society of events? What is ordinarily conceived of as a single person philosophically described as? What are the only fundamentally existent things in Whitehead's cosmology? What is a thing or person often seen as having that is unchanging and describes what the thing or person really is? What type of changes are made to people in this way of thinking? What is a "core identity" that is unchanging and describes what a thing or person really is? What are the only fundamentally existent things in Whitehead's cosmology? In what two areas do discrete "occasions of experience" overlap? What does the term "enduring essence" miss? Identities do not define people, what do people define? Is it easy and convenient to think of people and objects as being the same things? What should the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech not prevent people from realizing? What is one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? Why does Whitehead believe that a person is the same from one second to the next? What is one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What is one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking? What is it easier and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things rather than constantly keeping in mind? What is the nature of a clump of matter? What does the idea of matter as primary make people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space? What does Whitehead think relations play a primary role in? How does the Sun view an object? What is a problem with materialism? What ideology obscures the importance of relations? What does the Avicenna view every object as? How is a clump of matter related to other things? What does Whitehead describe any entity as? What is a real thing? What is the definition of a real thing? Are relations secondary to what a thing is? What does Whitehead describe any entity as in some sense? What would happen if a thing made no difference to any other entity? What are relations secondary to? What does Whitehead describe an entity's synthesis of and reaction to? What does a real thing force the rest of the universe to do? Where did the interest in Whitehead's work extend to? Who was the Archbishop of Canterbury? What is the name of the lecture that Temple interacts with? What types of practices have enriched the Whiteheadians? What fields of study have been interested in Whitehead's work? Where were early followers of Whitehead found? Who initiated an interest in Whitehead's work at the Divinity School? Who is the most notable Whitehead scholar? Who were some of the professors that made Whitehead's philosophy the most important intellectual thread running through the Divinity School? Where is Whitehead's thought growing the most quickly? Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism have been combined to address what challenges? What traditions has China blended with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy? Which two process philosophers are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students? What did Whitehead stress on in his philosophy of process? What is one of Whitehead's counter-intuitive ideas? What is one reason Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread? What was Whitehead's perception of metaphysics? Why are Deleuze and Latour's opinions minority? What philosophical school has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy? Who did Whitehead think he was indebted to? Who is an example of a philosopher who advocates both process philosophy and pragmatism? Who was one of the founders of pragmatism? What noted neopragmatist was a student of Hartshorne? What has been the reaction to the new constitution? Who are some of the artists whose work has been influenced by Whitehead? What happened to Whitehead's view of gravitational waves? What are phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes? What does Whitehead's cosmology need to be regarded as? What award did Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future receive? What was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics? What was the name of Cobb's 1989 book? What was the name of Cobb's second book? What was the goal of Cobb's second book? Who developed the FEELS model? What are the five things thatFEELS stands for? What is the purpose of education? Who collaborated in this work? Who is one of the leading figures with an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management? What does Mark Dibben work in? Dibben has published papers in what fields? What has Whitehead had some influence on? What does Dibben believe about the concept of "perpetual active experiencing"? In what decade did Whitehead begin to focus on metaphysics? What did Whitehead turn his attention from mathematics to in the late 1910s and early 1920s? Whitehead argued that reality consists of what rather than material objects? What is the theory that reality is constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another? What two of Whitehead's philosophical works are regarded as the foundational texts of process philosophy? What subject did Whitehead turn his attention to in the late 1910s and early 1920s? In the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead turned his attention from mathematics to what branch of science? What did Whitehead turn his attention to in the late 1910s and early 1920s? What type of system did Avicenna develop that radically departed from most western philosophy? Whitehead argued that reality consists of what rather than material objects? Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? When was Alfred North Whitehead born? Who established Chatham House Academy? What was Alfred Whitehead's father's job? Who was William Whitehead's mother? Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? When was Alfred North Whitehead born? What was Alfred Whitehead's father's job? Who was William Whitehead's mother? Who was Whitehead's wife? Whitehead accepted a number of high administrative positions within what system? What position did he hold at the University of London for four years? What position did he hold until he left for America in 1924? In what year did Gaddafi leave London? What type of degree is offered at Washington University? In what year did Whitehead begin to take a number of high administrative positions within the University of London? What position did he hold at the University of London for four years? What university was Whitehead a member of in 1918? In what year did Gaddafi leave London? Who wrote the most definitive presentation of Whitehead's life? What did Whitehead's family do after his death? What was Whitehead known for? What did Lowe say on the first page of Whitehead's biography? How many volumes are in the biography of Victor Lowe? Who wrote the most definitive presentation of Whitehead's life? What did Whitehead's family want to happen to his papers after his death? What was Whitehead's most fanatical belief in? What was the name of the book Whitehead wrote in 1898? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? Who were the first two books in the series aimed at? What was the name of the book published in 1911? What is Principia Mathematica? What subject did Whitehead write numerous articles on? How many major books did Whitehead write on mathematics? Who wrote Principia Mathematica? What book was co-written with Bertrand Russell and published in three volumes between 1910 and 1913? When was A Treatise on Universal Algebra published? What did Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions draw attention to? What is the main idea of the work? What did G. B. Mathews write in a separate review? Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to the need to do what? What did G. B. Mathews write about the design of The Times in a separate review? The main idea of the work is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary algebra so as to include them, but the comparative study of what? How long did it take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica? How long did it take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica? Why was the work initially published at a loss? How many pounds did Whitehead and Russell pay for the work? Is there a major academic library in the world that does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica? How long did it take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica? How long did it take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica? How many volumes were in the book? How many pages were in the three-volume work? Who paid the cost of the three-volume work? Is Popper's philosophical work easy or difficult to understand? What lectures did Whitehead deliver in 1927-28? What was the name of Whitehead's 1927-28 lectures? Who struggled to follow Whitehead's writings? What was the name of Whitehead's 1927-28 lectures? When did Whitehead deliver his Gifford lectures? Ibn Sina's philosophical work is generally considered to be what in all of the western canon? How did Mathews feel about Whitehead's books? How did philosophers at Chicago's Divinity School view Whitehead's work? Who was one of America's only Whitehead experts? How long did Wieman teach at Chicago's Divinity School? Whose frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest? Where were philosophers and theologians from? In what year was Henry Nelson Wieman invited to Chicago to give a lecture explaining Whitehead's thought? Who was one of America's only Whitehead experts? What did Wieman do after his lecture? What has Process and Reality been called? Why has Process and Reality been little-read and little-understood? How did Whitehead respond to problems in the 21st century? What is arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century? Who said Process and Reality requires that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus? What did Whitehead question western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about? What problems did Whitehead anticipate in the 21st century? What did Whitehead provide to 21st century scientific and philosophical problems? What does Whitehead believe about creativity? What is an entity a valuation of its relations and a reaction to them? What do most entities not have? What means that there will always remain phenomena that are unpredictable? What does Whitehead believe about creativity? What must be emphasized about an entity? What does Whitehead believe about every entity? What is the origin of the term "prehension"? What is the theory of representative perception? What was the name of the term he coined that came from the Latin prehensio? What language does the word "prehension" come from? What does prehensio mean? What types of perception is the term 'perception' meant to indicate? How many modes does Whitehead believe perception occurs in? What is the term "perception" meant to indicate? How are entities constituted by perceptions and relations? What two modes does Whitehead believe perception occurs in? Is the sense of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment mediated or unmediated by the senses? What is the definition of a pure appearance? What does Whitehead describe as the experience dominating the primitive living organisms? What is "pure sense perception"? What is "pure sense perception"? What does Whitehead call causal efficacy? What is presentational immediacy? What dominates the more basic mentality? What does Whitehead call the linking of appearance and causation in a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it? What dominates the more basic mentality? What does "symbolic reference" link appearance with? What do the sense perceptions indicate? What does "symbolic reference" mean? What happens when an ordinary person sees a chair? What did Whitehead think an artist might have done instead of jumping to the notion of a chair? What does Whitehead say a dog would have done? What does Whitehead say about life? What is the mark of higher forms of life? What is the three-fold goal of higher forms of life? What does Whitehead believe life is directed toward? What is life comparatively deficient in? What is the mark of higher forms of life? How manyfold is the goal of living, living well, and living better? What does Whitehead believe life is directed toward? What did Avicenna consider the rise of life to be without a goal? What does Whitehead say about complex organisms? What did Whitehead call his idea of God? What is Whitehead's most famous and pointed criticism of the Christian conception of God? What does Whitehead criticize Christianity for defining God as? What does Whitehead believe about God? Whitehead posited that ordered potentials exist in what? What did Avicenna see as the second nature of God? What type of entity did Whitehead describe God as? What did Whitehead believe was the primordial nature of God? What is God's consequent nature? How does God interact with the world? What is a "judgment of a tenderness"? What happens to God's experiences after he saves and cherishes them? How is God able to change the world and the universe? How does Paul VI view God? What does Popper believe about God? How does Whitehead view God and the world? How does Paul VI view the world? How does Athanasius view the world? What was the core of religion for Whitehead? What was John Whitehead's most famous remark on religion? What did Whitehead see religion as? What did Popper believe about religion? What did Whitehead believe religion began in? What did Avicenna write that religion necessitates the realization of? How does the universe make itself whole? What happens when a spirit surrenders itself to the universal claim? How are the two aspects of religion dependent? How did Whitehead's influence come to be? Who called Whitehead the greatest philosopher of the 20th century? In English-speaking countries, where are Popper's primary worksstudied? Who was Whitehead a long-time friend and collaborator of? What did Gilles Deleuze say of Whitehead? Whitehead's work has been most influential in what field? Who was the most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context? What is Hartshorne credited with doing? Who are other notable process theologians? What does process theology typically emphasize? What do process theologians view God as? What does Hartshorne say about God? What is God's role in the world? What does C. Robert Mesle advocate? John B. Cobb Jr. has written books on what two subjects? Roland Faber and Catherine Keller integrate Whitehead with what types of theory? What was Charles Birch's profession? Who wrote Syntheism - Creating God in the Internet Age? Why is process theology difficult to define? What did Whitehead describe religion as? How does religion help people identify their wider meaning and significance? What did Whitehead consider religion to be? What is the task of religion? What was Mary Parker Follett's career? What do Stout and Staton see Whitehead and Follett as sharing? What is the name of the book that Stout and Love wrote that analyzed this connection? What do many asset managers choose to do to the detriment of their clients? What led to bad investments by asset managers in over-priced credit assets? Who is compensated based on the volume of client assets under management? Why do asset managers expand their assets under management? What was the term used to support the use of subprime-based credit assets? IndyMac was a spin-off of what company? When did IndyMac Bank fail? What was the name of the first institution to run into trouble in the US? What was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market? What was IndyMac Bank's parent corporation before the FDIC seized it? When did Moody's and Standard & Poor's downgrade the ratings on MBS bonds? What was the capital ratio if the lowered ratings were in effect at March 31, 2008? How much of IndyMac's MBS bonds were downgraded by Moody's and Standard & Poor's in April 2008? Along with Standard & Poor's, what rating agency downgraded IndyMac's ratings in April 2008? What is a well capitalized capital ratio? Which Senator would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits? What does the FDIC stand for? How much did Senator Schumer say was in brokered deposits? On what date did the regulator disallowed IndyMac from acquiring new brokered deposits? How much money would have been lost to IndyMac if the regulator had disallowed it from acquiring new brokered deposits? How much money did account holders withdraw from IndyMac in June 2008? What percentage of IndyMac's deposits did account holders withdraw in June 2008? How much was IndyMac forced to hold when the secondary mortgage market collapsed? Whose letter was released to the FDIC and OTS? What was the cause of IndyMac's failure? What was the name of the bridge bank that assumed control of IndyMac Bank's assets? What is the maximum amount that the FDIC guarantees the funds of all insured accounts? How many depositors did the FDIC declare a special advance dividend to? When did the FDIC put IndyMac Bank into conservatorship? When did the FDIC announce its plans to open the IndyMac Federal Bank? How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt in 2007 and 2008? What investment bank collapsed in March 2008? When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak? When did Lehman Brothers file for bankruptcy? Along with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Washington Mutual, Wachovia, Citigroup, and AIG, what bank was a major lender in the U.S.? What was the equivalent of a bank run on? What did the money market funds invest in to fund their operations and payrolls? When did the financial crisis hit its most critical stage? How much money waswithdrawn from the money markets in one week? What was the TED spread on October 10, 2008? What did Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via? What did Paul Krugman and Timothy Geithner explain the credit crisis via? What did the shadow banking system not have the ability to obtain in exchange for mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed commercial paper? What was Timothy Geithner's job title? How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen? What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing? Who said the traditional banking system did not have the capital to close the gap? What are likely to vanish forever, having been an artifact of excessively loose credit conditions? According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have what to close the gap? How much of their net worth did Americans lose between June 2007 and November 2008? How much was the S&P 500 down by early November 2008? How much had housing prices dropped from their 2006 peak? What was the value of total home equity in the United States at its peak in 2006? What was the value of total home equity in the United States in 2008? What type of risk is a homeowner who has no equity? What is the problem with the economy? How many homeowners have little or nothing today? In the case of businesses, their creditworthiness depends on what? What did the profit prospects look like in November 2008? What has the continuing development of the crisis prompted fears of? What investment bank stated that 2008 would see a clear global recession? How long would the US's recession last? What country's three major banks were involved in the economic crisis? What did UBS economists call the action by governments to fix the crisis? How much did the U.S. consumption account for the growth in global consumption between 2000 and 2007? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP in Germany for the first quarter of 2009? What was the annualized rate of decline in GDP for Mexico for the first quarter of 2009? Who relied on the U.S. consumer as a source of global demand? Along with the increased savings rate of U.S. consumers, what has caused declines in growth elsewhere? What was the growth forecast in 2009 in Cambodia? What was the record amount of remittances sent from migrant workers in 2007? How many households are living below the poverty line in Bangladesh? What does the German DEG recommend to provide to attract new investors? In addition to commodity prices, investment and remittances from migrant workers, what else can be attributed to the reduction in growth? Which world was less affected by the credit crunch? What does FDI stand for? What type of economic downturn does the ECB have a significant cushion against? What is the most important determinant of economic performance? What is the single most important determinant of economic performance? What was the U.S. unemployment rate in October 2009? What is the average hours per work week? The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States decreased at what rate in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009? When was the highest unemployment rate in the U.S.? What is flat-lined? Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address the problem of what? What caused major banks to suffer losses from AAA-rated assets? What did European regulators introduce for banks? Who argues that regulations have led to excessive lending to risky governments? What did the ECB increase in addition to limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital, limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements? When did the recession that began in December 2007 end? When did the recession that began in December 2007 end? What year did the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to? What did TIME magazine declare in April 2009? When did President Obama declare that the markets are now stabilized? What economies lagging behind? What percentage of global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014? What did advanced economies lead before the financial crisis? What percentage of global GDP did advanced economies account for? What led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis? Who wrote 'The Origin of Species'? When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders report on the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis? When did the first signs of decline in residential real estate occur? What does CMBS stand for? What happened after the crisis in residential real estate? What type of security did investment banks on Wall Street offer that was rated safe by the credit rating agencies? How much money did NPR say was in the "Giant Pool of Money"? What happened to the pool of money from 2000 to 2007? What type of security did investment banks on Wall Street offer? What type of bonds did NPR say the "Giant Pool of Money" sought higher yields than? What allowed financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime lending? What did the collateralized debt obligation do to the housing bubble? What rating did the first in line securities receive from rating agencies? How many pools are there for cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations? What type of securities had lower credit ratings? By September 2008, average U.S. housing prices had declined by how much from their mid-2006 peak? When did housing prices peak in the U.S.? How many properties did lenders begin foreclosure on in 2007? How much did the population increase in 2008 compared to 2007? What was the unemployment rate in 2009? What was the target rate of the federal funds rate from 2000 to 2003? What was one of the reasons for the creation of the e-commerce industry? What did some economists say the Fed needs to create to replace the Nasdaq bubble? What contributed greatly to the severity of the crisis? What encouraged borrowing? How much did the current account deficit increase from 1996 to 2004? What percentage of GDP did the current account deficit increase to between 1996 and 2004? Where were the mainly emerging economies of the early 20th century? The balance of payments identity requires that a country running a current account deficit also have a what? What type of capital was flowing into the U.S. to finance imports? When did the Fed raise the funds rate significantly? What does ARM stand for? How do asset prices move to interest rates? What did the Fed do between July 2004 and July 2006? What happened to U.S. housing and financial assets after the housing bubble burst? Who was the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending Group for? How many professional underwriters did Bowen work for Citigroup? By 2006, what percentage of mortgages purchased by Citi were "defective"? By 2006, how many mortgage companies did Citi purchase from? How much did defective mortgages increase to in 2007? What is the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company in the United States and Europe? What percentage of loans met their originators' underwriting standards? How many investment and commercial banks participated in the analysis? What percentage of sampled loans did not meet the minimum standards of any issuer? How many mortgages were reviewed by Clayton Holdings from January 2006 to June 2007? What is the practice of unscrupulous lenders? Who used a classic bait-and-switch method to advertise low interest rates for home refinancing? What type of mortgage would have a greater interest rate than the amount of interest paid? What type of amortization was created when a credit consumer waited until long after the loan transaction was consummated? What method did Countrywide Financial use to advertise low interest rates for home refinancing? Who sued Countrywide? What type of mortgages did Countrywide offer to homeowners with weak credit? Why did homeowners in ARMs have little incentive to pay their monthly payments? Who seized Countrywide's lender? What type of credit was Countrywide making high cost mortgages to? Which economist argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation? Who is the Treasury Secretary of the U.S.? What organization conducted a study that suggested that bank regulation based on the Basel accords encouraged unconventional business practices? What did Krugman and Geithner argue did not keep pace with financial innovation? A recent OECD study suggests that bank regulation based on what accords encourage unconventional business practices? What happened to financial institutions prior to the crisis? What type of financial instruments made it difficult for creditors and regulators to monitor and try to reduce financial institution risk levels? What type of bailouts were needed to reorganize financial institutions? What was it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions in? What made it difficult for creditors and regulators to monitor and try to reduce financial institution risk levels? How many U.S. investment banks increased their financial leverage from 2004 to 2007? What was the result of the war? What changes were made to keep U.S. banks competitive with European counterparts? How much debt did these five institutions report for fiscal year 2007? What was the name of the company that went bankrupt? What is an example of a behavior that may be optimal for an individual? What is it called when too many consumers attempting to save or pay down debt at the same time? How can too many consumers attempting to save or pay down debt simultaneously cause a recession? Who said that financial institutions with too much leverage can't all de-leverage simultaneously without significant declines in the value of their assets? Minsky said that financial institutions that have too much leverage cannot all de-leverage simultaneously without significant declines in the value of what? Who was the U.S. Federal Reserve vice-chair in April 2009? What did Janet Yellen say after the credit crunch hit? What was the name of the economic event that occurred in the Middle Ages? What are businesses doing to preserve cash? What has spread to nearly every corner of the economy? What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve particular client objectives? What is an example of a type of mortgage that was created in response to the 2008 financial crisis? What is another name for credit default swaps? What were subprime mortgages bundled into? What happened to the use of neoprene products in the years leading up to the crisis? When did CDO issuance peak? How much was CDO issuance in 2004? What was the peak issuance of CDOs in 2007? What percentage of CDO assets did subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt increase from 2000 to 2007? How much did CDO issuance decline by Q1 2008? What went hand in hand with more complexity? What was the effect of a syndication system on the number of actors connected to a single mortgage? What did these actors rely on more and more with distance from the underlying asset? Along with risk management desks and FICO scores, what indirect information was used to determine creditworthiness? When did a group of computer scientists build a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies? How is the pricing of risk measured? What refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk? What prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis? What is the main difference between a book and a CD? What did a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures make the financial crisis? What did market participants not accurately measure? Why did market participants not accurately measure the risk inherent with financial innovation such as MBS and CDOs? What was the recovery rate for "high quality" CDOs? What was the recovery rate for mezzanine CDOs? How much CDOs were sold between 2005 and 2007? Who insured obligations of various financial institutions through credit default swaps? AIG insured obligations of various financial institutions through what? When was AIG taken over by the government? How much money did the U.S. taxpayers provide to AIG in support of CDS transactions? What did AIG receive in exchange for a promise to pay money to party A in the event of party B defaulting? Who commented that the super-boom got out of hand when the new products became so complicated that the authorities could no longer calculate the risks? As financial assets became more and more difficult to value, what was the result? Whose information did the rating agencies rely on? Whose risk management methods did the authorities rely on? Along with bank regulators, who accepted mathematical models of financial assets as valid? Who published the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas"? When did Merrill Lynch hold a conference in London? Who held a conference in 2006 in London? What did Merrill Lynch try to rectify at the conference? When did Merrill Lynch hold a conference in London? Who was the President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank in 2008? When did Timothy Geithner become Secretary of the United States Treasury? What is another name for the shadow banking system? What is another name for the parallel banking system? What was one of the reasons that banks were vulnerable? When did the securitization markets support by the shadow banking system start to close down? When did the securitization markets close down? How much of the private credit markets became unavailable as a source of funds? Who said the traditional banking system did not have the capital to close the gap? How long would it take for the traditional banking system to generate enough capital to support the additional lending volume? Who testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in January 2010? What markets remain impaired as investors anticipate more loan losses? What was the peak of private bond issuance in 2006? How much was private issuance in 2009? What program supported private issuance in 2009? What happened to commodity prices after the collapse of the housing bubble? What happened to the price of oil from 2007 to 2008? What happened to the price of oil in 2008? What do some experts attribute the increase in commodity prices to? What does an increase in oil prices divert a larger share of consumer spending into? Who was the former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets? What was the name of the exchange founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP? Who founded the IntercontinentalExchange? What exchange was regulated by both European and U.S. authorities? Where was the IntercontinentalExchange regulated? Who argued that the financial crisis revealed a crisis of ideas in mainstream economics and within the economics profession? Feminist economists Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt argue that the financial crisis and the response to it revealed a crisis of ideas in what? Along with ecological economics, what field of study should be included in the reshaping of economics? What do feminist economists call for the economy, economic theory and the economics profession to do? Who is the current Governor of the Reserve Bank of India? In what year did Raghuram Rajan become chief economist at the International Monetary Fund? When did Rajan deliver a paper that was critical of the financial sector? What was the title of Rajan's paper? What are these risks called? Who spoke of the Great Moderation? What did Raghuram Rajan call the financial crisis? Who credits 12 economists with predicting the crisis? What did the Austrian economic school view the crisis as? Who was the former Fed Chair? What magazine claimed that economists failed to predict the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression? What was the worst economic crisis since the 1930s? What is the name of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal? Who wrote an article in the New York Times stating that economics is bad at predicting recessions? What did The New York Times call Roubini? Who wrote The Black Swan? Who from the New York Times said "Taleb saw it coming"? Nassim Nicholas Taleb spent years warning against what? What did Gaddafi make a big financial bet on? Who believes there are distinctions between the current market malaise and the Great Depression? How much did the Dow Jones average fall over a period of 17 months? How much did the Dow Jones average fall in the Great Depression? Who is the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times? What was the name of the bank that was one of the first victims of the war? Who did the bank request security from? When did the bank run occur? When was the bank taken into public hands? What was the name of the bank that was one of the first victims of the war? IndyMac often made loans without verification of what? What was often questioned by IndyMac on underlying collateral? IndyMac often made loans to borrowers with what type of credit histories? What type of option-adjustable-rate-mortgages did IndyMac use? What did IndyMac resist trying to tighten? How many of the poorest families did not have wealth declines during the crisis? What percentage of Americans declined in wealth between 2007 and 2009? What percentage of the richest families had a decrease in total wealth? What percentage of families on the bottom of the pyramid suffered a decrease in wealth? Who did not have wealth declines at all during the crisis? Who predicted a weak growth of GDP in 2009? What was the GDP growth predicted for 2009? What was the GDP growth of the UK in 2009? Who launched numbers predicting a worldwide recession by 0.3% for 2009? What was the average unemployment rate in 2009? What have the U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks taken steps to do to avoid a deflationary spiral? What have governments done to offset the reduction in private sector demand? What was the traditional role of the Federal Reserve during the crisis? What did the Federal Reserve introduce that allowed it to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis? Lower wages and higher unemployment lead to what type of decline in global consumption? What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse? How much government debt did the central banks purchase in 2008? How much did the governments of European nations and the USA purchase from their banks? Who was the Nobel laureate in 2010? What did banks do to make their money more profitable? What did President Obama and key advisers introduce in June 2009? Along with executive pay, bank financial cushions and capital requirements, what did the new proposals address? What type of trading did Obama want to limit banks from doing? Who has publicly argued for the proposed changes? Who has publicly argued for the proposed changes? When did the U.S. Senate pass a reform bill? When did the House pass a reform bill? What rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation? Which Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010? What did national governments do to prevent the collapse of large financial institutions? How much was consumer wealth estimated to have declined due to the economic crisis? When did BNP Paribas terminate withdrawals from three hedge funds? In what year did the global recession occur? Who terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds in 2007? When did the housing bubble peak? In what year did global stock markets suffer large losses? What was the theory that housing prices would continue to do? What type of borrowers had easier access to loans? What type of holdings did banks and insurance companies lack to support their financial commitments? What was the name of the U.S. Senate report that concluded the crisis was the result of complex financial products? What act was repealed in 1999? Who concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable? Who failed to rein in the excesses of Wall Street, according to the U.S. Senate's Levin-Coburn Report? What type of practices did governments not adjust to address 21st century financial markets? What does MBS stand for? What does CDO stand for? Who had invested heavily in subprime MBS? Who could invest in the U.S. housing market? What did the value of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations come from? How are total losses estimated globally? Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter what? When did the foreclosure epidemic begin in the U.S.? Defaults and losses on what type of loans increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy? What continues to drain wealth from consumers and erode the financial strength of banking institutions? The shadow banking system is also known as what? The shadow banking system is also known as what? What was the process called that caused the financial system to become more fragile? What did U.S. government policy emphasize from the 1970s onward? What has emphasized deregulation to encourage business? What type of losses did these institutions not have a financial cushion to absorb? What was the effect of the losses on the ability of financial institutions to lend? Who provided funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets? Who bailed out key financial institutions? What did these institutions not have a financial cushion to absorb? When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings? What did the ECB conclude was the cause of the financial crisis? Who failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages? Who was ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw? Who took on too much risk? What caused mortgage lenders to relax underwriting standards? Before what year did the GSEs maintain relatively high underwriting standards? When were the worst loans originated? When were the worst loans originated? What group policed mortgage originators? How many Democratic appointees were on the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? Who claims that the GSE never purchased subprime loans? What was not the primary cause of the financial crisis? What type of loans did the GSEs argue performed better than loans securitized by private investment banks? How many Republican appointees were on the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission? How many substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie hold in 2008? What was the total amount of substandard loans held by Fannie and Freddie in 2008? What two government-sponsored entities did Peter J. Wallison believe were responsible for the financial crisis? Who initiated affordable housing policies in the 1990s? How many ex-executives of Fannie and Freddie were investigated by the SEC in 2011? Whose report uncovered accounting discrepancies between the Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight and the House Financial Services Committee? Who called for an investigation into the GSEs and their subprime mortgage portfolio? When did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues? Did the hearings result in new legislation or a formal investigation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac? Who held a hearing in 2003 to review a report by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight? How much mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act (CRA)-covered lenders? What percentage of all U.S. mortgage lending was made by CRA-covered lenders? What does CRA stand for? What percentage of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions in the run-up to the crisis? What percentage of all sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions in the run-up to the crisis? When did the CRA change its rule? How much did the CRA loan commitments total between 1994 and 2007? What is the Federal Reserve's assumption about CRA loans? What type of lending did the CRA begin to increase in 1995? When did the Federal Reserve initiate ultra-low interest rates? What derivatives did investment banks and hedge funds use to enable large wagers to be made? What were credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations, and synthetic CDOs called? What magazine did Michael Lewis write an article about? What were credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations, and synthetic CDOs called? What derivatives did investment banks and hedge funds use to enable large wagers to be made? What type of loans supported the housing bubble? What type of downpayments did substandard loans usually have? Why did Wallison believe the housing bubble led to the financial crisis? During what period did other developed countries have large bubbles? Who did Peter J. Wallison counter? How many miles is St. Barthélemy from Puerto Rico? What is the name of the channel that separates St. Barthélemy from Saint Martin? What are Roques? What type of island is Tuvalu? What type of islets belong to St. Barthélemy? What are the people of Saint-Barthélemy? What nationality are the residents of Saint-Barthélemy? How many people speak St. Barthélemy's French patois? What nationality are the residents of Saint-Barthélemy? What is the language preference between the Créole and Patois determined? Who was the neighbour of St. Barthélemy? How many years is the president of Norfolk Island elected? When was the last election for councils held? When did the new status take effect? How many members are on the Territorial Council? When was the last election held? St. Barthélemy became an overseas territory of what on January 1, 2012? How many senators represent the island in the French Senate? What year was the first election held? How many gendarmes are on the island? What is difficult due to the dry and rocky terrain on the island? What is also grown in patches? Along with bananas and fishing, what did early settlers produce on Norfolk Island? Along with vegetables and bananas, what did early settlers produce on Norfolk Island? What port did the islanders develop commerce through? Who is St. Barthélemy considered a playground of? How many visitors does tourism attract each year? What is the highest price for a beachfront villa? Whatexplains the high standard of living on the island? How is most of the food imported from the US or France? How many hotels does St. Barthélemy have? How many rooms does the largest hotel have? Along with Brazil, from what country is the labour force coming from? How many rooms does Hotel Le Toiny have? How many private villas are available to rent on the island? Along with cacti, what type of plants do the hills support? Which part of the island is greener because it receives more rainfall? How many indigenous species of plants were found in a 1994 survey? Along with palm trees, what is a common sight in Swaziland? Where was coconut palm brought to the island? What trees were brought from the Mediterranean? What is the name of the night blooming tree on the island? What type of trees were brought from the Mediterranean to the island? When was the yellow prickly pear or barbary fig planted? What type of fig was planted as barbed wire defences against the British army in 1773? When do the whales and dolphins migrate to Norfolk Island? When do dolphins, porpoises and whales migrate to Norfolk Island? What is a common sight along the coastline of Norfolk Island? What is the favorite diet of leatherback sea turtles? What is the diet of the hawksbill turtles? What color shell does the conch have? Along with turtles, what type of marine fishes live on the reefs? Where are sergeant majors recorded? What type of crabs live on the beach? What do hermit crabs eat? How many ha is the Reserve Naturelle? What endangered marine species does the reserve protect? What is prohibited in the Reserve? What is the name of Saint-Barthélemy's marine nature reserve? What is in place in some protected bays? Who built the three forts in the town? What was Fort Oscar's previous name? When was the fort built? What has been replaced by a modern military building that now houses the local gendarmerie? Where is Fort Oscar located? How many restaurants are on the island? Where are many of the finest restaurants located? What do the French call snack restaurants? What do Creole dishes tend to be in comparison to West Indian cuisine? What type of events does the island host throughout the year? How often is the Transat AG2R Race held? Where does the Transat AG2R Race originate? What type of boats are used in the boat race? What is the length of the boats used to compete in the British Isles Boat Race? How many sailors are on each boat? Where is Gustaf III Airport located? Along with small regional commercial aircraft, what type of aircraft operates at Gustaf III Airport? What is the closest airport to Sint Maarten? Where is the nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner? What is the name of the airport on the north coast of St. Barthélemy? Saint-Barthélemy is an overseas collectivity of what country? What is the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy? In what language are St. Barths abbreviated? What did the indigenous people call the island? In what direction is Puerto Rico located? What type of island is Saint Barthélemy? What is the population of Saint Barthélemy? What is the capital of Guinea-Bissau? Who ruled Guadeloupe during the Napoleonic Wars? During what season is the island a popular tourist destination? Saint Barthélemy was a French commune forming part of what region? In what year did the island seek separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe? When did Guadeloupe separate from the island? What is the current name of the Hotel de Ville? Who represents the island in Paris? What bay has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance? Grande Saline Bay provides temporary anchorage for what type of vessels? What type of coral reef does the island have? What type of waters are reefs mostly in? What are some of the offshore reefs in Guinea-Bissau part of? How many public beaches are on St Barthélémy? How many public beaches are considered suitable for swimming? Which side of the island is protected by calm waters? Which side of the island is protected by hills and reefs? What are the windward beaches popular for? What is the climate essentially like in Guinea-Bissau? How many ha does the island cover? What is the average annual rainfall in Tuvalu? When is the rainy season? What is the lowest night temperature recorded in Norfolk Island? When did the British invade the harbour town? When did the Swedes add more buildings to the town? What was the port known as prior to their occupation? What did the Swedes rename the city to in honour of their king Gustav III? What war took place in the 18th century? What is another name for the Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy? What is the name of the historical museum located on the far end of La Pointe? Where is the Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy located? Along with the French and Swedish, who occupied the island during the Ottoman Empire? What type of houses are on display in the museum? In what two fields is the genome the genetic material of an organism? What does RNA consist of? What does DNA consist of in RNA viruses? Who was the professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany? In what year was the term botany created? Where was Hans Winkler from? What are some similar -ome words? How many chromosomes does the gamete have in a sexually reproducing organism? When are homologous chromosomes segregated in gametes? What organelles contain genes? What is the study of the global properties of genomes of related organisms usually referred to as? Genetics studies the properties of what? What is the term for the determination of the genome of a sexually reproducing species? What is the observation that there is only a rough correlation between the number of base pairs and the number of genes? What is the protozoan causing? How many genes are known for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis? How many times more than the human genome is in the human genome? Who was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome? What is the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome called? Who completed the first DNA-genome sequence? What organization was founded in 1995? When was the first genome sequence for Methanococcus jannaschii completed? Who maintains a database of genomic information? What is one of the genome sequencing projects that has been completed? What is one of the genome sequencing projects that has been completed? When did scientists sequence the entire genome of a Neanderthal? How old was the Neanderthal found in a Siberian cave? What new sequencing technology has opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool? Who pioneered personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool? Who was the co-discoverer of the structure of DNA? James D. Watson was one of the co-discoverers of what? What identifies landmarks in a genome? What was organized to map and to sequence the human genome? Who released a detailed genomic map? Where did Jean Weissenbach release the genomic map? What is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome? What can scientists better understand by comparing the genome compositions between genomes? What two groups of organisms have big differences in contents structure? What is the organization of protein coding genes in eukaryotes? In what organisms is the major part of the genome composed of repetitive DNA? What is sequencing the genome of? What is a biological entity that is more complex than a virus? Where is information stored on the genome of a pathogenic microbe carried? What are examples of eukaryotes? What is the DNA found within the chloroplast referred to as? What is the name given to mitochondria's genome? What is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome? The genome size is positively correlated with what among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes? What type of DNA acts on the genomes? What is experimental work being done for single cell organisms? How is the work done in vivo and in silico? What are generally non-repetitive DNA? What is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size? The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated bydividing the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by what? What prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA? Which eukaryotes have more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA? What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plants and amphibians? What are the two categories of repetitive DNA in genome? What is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size? Slippage during replication is known as what? What are forms of tandem repeats in the genome? What is the largest type of repeat in mammalian? What is able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell? TEs are believed to be an important driving force on what of higher eukaryotes? What is a class 1 TE? What is a TE? Retrotransposons can be transcribed into what? How do DNA transposons move in the genome? What do Class 2 TEs not use as an intermediate? What is another name for chromosome number? What traits do researchers compare to determine what mechanisms could have produced the great variety of genomes that exist today? What plays a major role in shaping the genome? Duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of what? What is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related? Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among what? From what genomes did eukaryotic cells transfer genetic material to their nuclear chromosomes? What is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude? What type of school system restricts admission on the basis of selection criteria? Where is the term comprehensive schools commonly used? What percentage of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools? What is the German high school in the United States called? What practical subjects were less common or non-existent in grammar schools? Who provides post-16 provision? What government initiatives have made the ideal of a comprehensive education less certain? How many selective grammar schools are still in operation? When were comprehensive schools introduced to England and Wales? What type of schools were comprehensive schools conceived as? What education reforms will have some impact on the comprehensive ideal? When did Finland start using comprehensive schools? What is the age range of peruskoulu? What type of school is the Gesamtschule? What type of classes are offered for students who aren't doing well? What do students attending a Gesamtschule typically graduate with? What percentage of students in Brandenburg attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What percentage of students in the State of Bavaria attended a Gesamtschule in 2007? What was the name of the new type of comprehensive school in Hamburg? What is the name of the new type of comprehensive school in Berlin? When did Hauptschulen merge with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen? What type of classes were not offered at Washington University? What is the other name for the Mittlere Reife? What does not exist in some States of Germany? What have comprehensive schools been accused of? Who is the Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia? Who stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government? What organization is Barbara Sommer a member of? What group did Sigrid Beer belong to? What type of students might be at risk in Gesamtschulen according to several studies? What class of students are more likely to have an achievement gap than working class students attending a comprehensive school? What is the name of the school where students perform the poorest? Who was a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools? What type of system did Feynman compare alumni of to alumni of comprehensive schools? When did Gibraltar open its first comprehensive school? Where can students continue to complete their A-levels? What are students allowed to continue into the sixth form to complete? When were comprehensive schools introduced into Ireland? Who was the Minister for Education in 1966? What was the only system of schools completely controlled by the state? What concept has superseded the comprehensive school system? When was the secular community model introduced in Ireland? Who owns the school property? What did the community school model remove? What were amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model? In what year was Walworth School one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council? Who set up Walworth School in 1946? What was the name of the early comprehensive school in Anglesey in 1949? When was Holyhead County School established? What school in Coventry opened in 1954? Who was the Secretary of State for Education in 1964-1970? What was Anthony Crosland's job title? What were never widely implemented? Who became Secretary of State for Education in 1970? What type of schools were established under Mrs Thatcher? What type of government did Margaret Thatcher become Secretary of State for Education? When did the majority of local authorities in England and Wales abandon the 11-plus examination? What were many secondary modern schools and grammar schools amalgamated to form? Sandwell and Dudley changed their state secondary schools to what in the 1970s? Which local authorities changed all of their state secondary schools to comprehensive schools in the 1970s? Who was the Labour prime minister in 1976? What is the most common type of state secondary school in England? What political party was James Callaghan? What act gave parents the right to choose which school their child should go to? When was the Education Reform Act passed? What is government policy promoting? What has this logic underpinned? What type of education is Scotland based on? What type of schools did the Scottish Government reject in 2005? When did the Scottish Government reject plans for specialist schools? Northern Ireland's education system is more similar to that used in England and Wales than to what other country? Northern Ireland's education system is more similar to that of what two countries? What is the French name for the Republic of the Congo? What country is northeast of Guinea-Bissau? What country borders Guinea-Bissau to the west? What country borders Guinea-Bissau to the northwest? Where is the Republic of the Congo located? What tribes dominated the region? When did the former colony of French Congo become the Republic of the Congo? Who has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years? Who is Denis Sassou Nguesso? Where did the Republic of Congo rank in terms of oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea? What did the Republic of Congo have an unequal distribution of? Who were the earliest inhabitants of the region? When were the Pygmy people absorbed? What tribes absorbed the Pygmy people in 1500 BC? Which Portuguese explorer reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484? What is the nationality of the people who lived in Guinea-Bissau? What did European merchants trade with the Bantu kingdoms? When did European colonization of the Congo river delta begin? Whose power was eroded by European colonization of the Congo river delta? When did the area north of the Congo River come under French sovereignty? Who was responsible for bringing the north of the Congo River under French sovereignty? What was the second name of the Congo Colony in 1903? What did France organize in 1908? How many people died in the Congo-Ocean Railroad construction after World War I? What was the symbolic capital of Free France during World War II? What event heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy? When was the Fourth Republic established? What did the 1946 constitution establish? When was the Fifth Republic established? What dissolved into its constituent parts? What did Middle Congo become known as in 1958? When was the first constitution published? When did the Republic of the Congo receive full independence? Who was Guinea-Bissau's first president? Who was the head of the civilian provisional government? Who instigated a three-day uprising that ousted Youlou? Who installed a civilian provisional government? Who was elected President in 1963? What was the country's constitutional ideology during Massamba-Débat's term in office? What country's army did Massamba-Débat invite into Guinea-Bissau? When did Massamba-Débat's regime end? Who assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968? What was the name of Congo Africa's first people's republic? What did the National Revolutionary Movement change it's name to? When did Ngouabi survive a coup? When was Ngouabi assassinated? What group did Sassou Nguesso align the country with? Sassou Nguesso signed a twenty-year friendship pact with what country? What did Sassou have to maintain over the years? What did Sassou rely on to maintain his dictatorship? Who was Congo's first elected president? Who supported Lissouba's economic reforms? What broke out in Congo in mid-1997? What does ESAF stand for? Who started a civil war in 1997? What was Sassou's militia called? What socialist regime invaded Congo to install Sassou in power? When did the Angolan socialist regime invade Congo? Who advised his supporters to boycott the elections? How long did the new constitution extend the president's term? When was the new constitution agreed upon? When was a peace treaty signed to end the conflict? Who won the presidential election in July 2009? Who said the election was marked by "fraud and irregularities"? According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, what was the turnout of the election? What type of political system does Congo-Brazzaville have? Sassou Nguesso is backed by what party? What is the French name for the Congolese Labour Party? What has Sassou's regime been hit by? In what country were over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties found? When did Sassou Nguesso announce that he would hold a referendum to change the country's constitution? How many consecutive terms did Sassou Nguesso run for? Who owned the main media in 2008? How many government-owned television stations are in Guinea-Bissau? How many private television channels are there in Guinea-Bissau? Who do many Pygmies belong from birth to? The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says Pygmies are treated as property the same way what are? When did the Congolese parliament adopt a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples? What latitudes does Congo lie between? What are the longitudes of Congo? On what ocean is Norfolk Island located? What is another name forAngola? What is another name for Cabinda? What is the capital of Guinea-Bissau? What river is Brazzaville located on? What is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo? What is Kinshasa the capital of? What type of plain is the southwest of Guinea-Bissau? What is the primary drainage for the southwest of the country? The interior of the country consists of what? What is under increasing exploitation pressure? Where is Guinea-Bissau located? What is the average day temperature in Guinea-Bissau? What are the average nights in Guinea-Bissau? When is the dry season in Swaziland? Who studied gorillas in 2006-07? Where is the Ouesso district located? What has largely preserved the isolation of the Western Lowland Gorillas from humans? What has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy? What is the government of Burma characterized by? Petroleum extraction has supplanted what as the mainstay of the economy? In 2008, the oil sector accounted for what percentage of the GDP? What percentage of exports did the oil sector account for in 2008? What did rising oil revenues allow the government to finance in the early 1980's? What was Nigeria's GDP growth in the 1980s? What percentage did the devaluation of Franc Zone currencies result in inflation in 1994? What was the inflation of the Franc Zone currencies in 1994? What erupted in June 1997? What hurt the republic's economic progress in December 1998? When was the armed conflict resuming? What are the economic problems of the current administration? What are recent major Congolese exports? When was Congo re-admitted to the Kimberley Process? What types of deposits does the Republic of the Congo have? What does OHADA stand for? How much land did the Congolese government lease in 2009? What types of transportation does the Republic of the Congo have? When was the country's rail system built? To what city does Maya-Maya Airport have flights? On what ocean is Pointe-Noire located? In what part of the country is the population of the Republic of the Congo concentrated? How long is the railway that connects Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire? How many languages are spoken in the Republic of the Congo? What is the largest ethnic group in Guinea-Bissau? What percentage of the population are Boulangui? How much of Brazzaville's population is Boulangui? How many Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo before the 1997 war? What was the nationality of most of the people who lived in Congo before the 1997 war? How many American expatriates live in the Congo? What religion are the people of the Republic of the Congo largely a mix of? How many Awakening Lutherans live in the Republic of the Congo? What percentage of the population is Protestant? What percentage of the population are followers of Islam? What is the main cause of the influx of Muslims into urban centers? What percentage of the GDP was public expenditure health in 2004? What was the HIV/AIDS prevalence among 15 to 49-year-olds in 2012? How much did the US spend per capita on health expenditure in 2004? In what year did public expenditure health account for 8.9% of the GDP? What was the maternal mortality rate in 2010? What does FGM stand for? What was the infant mortality rate in 2010? Under what age is public education mandatory? What was the net primary enrollment rate in 2005? Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain what? What is the language of instruction at all levels? In what branch of government is a prime minister the most senior minister? A prime minister is the most senior minister of what in the executive branch of government? In semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister manages what? What are parliamentary systems fashioned after? What type of position does the head of state hold? What is the prime minister expected to do with other ministers? What are executive powers called in some monarchies? What body is the prime minister often not a member of? What other titles does the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom have? What position did Winston Churchill hold during the Second World War? When was Cardinal Richelieu named to head the royal council as prime minister of France? Who was the first to use the term prime minister? What country did Cardinal Richelieu head the royal council in 1625? Who attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers? In what century was the title of 'Sir Robert Walpole' used in reference to Sir Robert Walpole? Who did members of parliament disparagingly use the term prime minister in reference to? Who was Henry VIII under? Who was Queen Anne under? What was the name of Charles II's son? Whose favor did the power of the ministers depended on? Whose favor did the power of the ministers depended on? Which two Tory ministers shared power during Anne's reign? Who was driven into exile after Cromwell was executed? What was the name of the Revolution of 1688? What was the name of the bill passed in 1689? What house became a part of the government? Who became the throne after the death of Anne in 1714? When did Anne die? Where was George's home? How long did Robert Walpole hold office? What political party was Robert Walpole? What doctrine was developed under Walpole? What did Walpole require all ministers to do when a policy was agreed on? Who was a later prime minister? Who continued to deny that Walpole was a prime minister? Who made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch? Whose administration first referred to the title as a title in the British Order of precedence? In what year did the title of 'British Emperor' appear in the British Order of precedence? What was the ceremonial position of a prime minister in the late 20th century? Who is Bahrain's prime minister? When did Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah become prime minister? What country's government is responsible for a large portion of the economy of the country? In what type of republics is the head of state an elected official? In what type of republics is the head of state an elected official? What is the head of government of the People's Republic of China referred to as? What is another name for the Republic of China? Who approves the prime minister? What is a state of affairs when it arises? What can the parliament force? What country's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister? What does Bangladesh's constitution detail? The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below what in China? What is the pinyin of Premier? In what act is a passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" added? When was the Constitution Act passed? What is the only reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" in the Constitution Act, 1982? What clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic? In what century did the first mention of the Roman Empire in official documents occur? Who was the last Chancellor of the Exchequer? When was the last Chancellor of the Exchequer appointed? Who was appointed prime minister on only one occasion in 1979? When was Margaret Thatcher appointed prime minister? In what year did Elizabeth cease to be in power? What did Elizabeth reshuffle after a general election? Who is formally'renominated' after every general election? Who is the prime minister chosen from? When is the Irish Taoiseach formally'renominated'? In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of what house? To which houses does a small minority of parliaments have the right to block supply? What do most constitutional systems require if a party loses a motion of no confidence? Who may refuse a parliamentary dissolution? What does a head of state have to do in order to refuse a parliamentary dissolution? Who is required to resign after a parliamentary dissolution? When did the tradition of the prime ministerrequesting a dissolution of parliament begin? When did the Irish constitution give the Taoiseach the right to make the request? Who did the 1922 Irish Free State Constitution give power to? Where do older constitutions vest power in? What is an example of a motion in which the Prime Minister is expected to step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party? In the Russian constitution, what is the title of the prime minister? What is the name of the Israeli prime minister? What is the official title of the Spanish prime minister? What is the Irish prime minister called? What is another common form of government? In Scandinavian countries, what is the prime minister called? What is the English equivalent of "prime minister"? Which countries' heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor? Monaco's head of government is referred to as what? What is the title of the head of government in Vatican City? Who is the head of Iran's government? In what countries may the prime minister be entitled to the style of Excellency like a president? What are some Commonwealth countries prime ministers and former prime ministers called? What is the privilege of former prime ministers and prime ministers being members of? Where is the Prime Minister styled Right Honourable? What type of government is in place in the UK? What are the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments called in the UK? What is the name of the Prime Minister in India? What is the Pakistani prime minister's nickname? What does "Wazir-e-Azam" mean? What is the name of the Prime Minister's executive office in the United Kingdom? What is the Office of the Prime Minister called in the United Kingdom? What is the abbreviation for institute of technology? When did the English term polytechnic appear? What engineering school was the English term for polytechnic? What language does the French term "pol" come from? What is another term for "institute of technology"? What was the world's first technology institution? After what war did the institutes of technology and polytechnics become popular? What was the original name of the Braunschweig University of Technology? When was the École Polytechnique founded? What are institutes of technology and polytechnics? When were UK Polytechnics designated as universities? What is the name of the university that was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London? Where was the Royal Polytechnic Institution founded? Along with institutes of technology, what type of institution used to have different statutes? What title did new universities often take for marketing rather than legal purposes? What was the name of the college that the students were part of? What is another name for technical and further education? What institution rebranded and repositioning in 2014? In what year did Tasmania start a new college system? How many designated Universities of Technology are in Australia? What is a German type of tertiary education institution? Along with bachelor's and master's degrees, what type of degrees are granted by the University of Kansas? What has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas? Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium are currently undergoing what process? How many former institutes of technology have become universities in the Netherlands? How many Technical Universities are in the Netherlands? In what country are there Institutes of Technology and Polytechnic Institutes? What type of schools in Canada offer instruction in a variety of programs? Where is the École de technologie supérieure located? What type of funding does Canadian higher education institutions use for research? What is the name of the national alliance of eleven leading research-intensive colleges and institutes of technology? What do some of Canada's most esteemed colleges and polytechnic institutions partake in? When did China's modern higher education begin? Where were liberal arts offered three years later? How many of China's elite universities remain essentially polytechnical? When was the law about polytechnic education in Croatia passed? Who monitors the country's seismic, tectonic and volcanic activity? What is one of the oldest observatories in South America? Who manages the Quito Astronomical Observatory? When was the University of Quito founded? How many nuclear science departments are in Ecuador? What can qualified professionals apply their knowledge and skills for? How many students have been pledged sponsorship by the Governing Board? What is the name of the French-speaking area with the Technische Universität of Germany? How many credits did a M.Sc. require? How many credits were required to graduate from a normal university? Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in what country? What Finnish group switched the English term "polytechnic" to the term "university of applied sciences"? What is the Swedish alternative to Ammattikorkeakoulu? What type of curricula are provided by Collegiate universities? What does IUT stand for? What is the abbreviation for institut universitaire de technologie? What is the German-speaking part of Switzerland called? What is the name of the school in Eastern Europe? What century was the French education system set at the end of? What is the name of the school in Brasilia? When were Fachhochschulen founded? What do universities focus more on than research? Along with social science, medicine and design, what is a major focus of BYU's programs? What is the abbreviation for Technische Universität? What do these institutions focus on? What type of faculty does RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU München have? How many Technische Universitäten are in Germany? How many universities of technology are in Germany? How many students are enrolled in Germany's 17 universities of technology? Along with Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, what state does not have a Technische Universität? What is a joint-venture of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University of Hanover? What act created the Technological Educational Institute? What is the name of the first polytechnic in Hong Kong? What was the previous name of Hong Kong's trade school? When was the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong founded? What university has a focus in applied science, engineering and business? When were the two polytechnics granted university status? Along with precious metals, what metal is mined at the Berg-Schola? When was the Berg-Schola established? Who established the Berg-Schola? How many autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology are there? How many National Institutes of Technology are Government Institutions? What is the authority over technical education in India? What is a specific academic award usually awarded in technical or vocational courses in India? How many public institutes of technology are in Indonesia? How many year Diploma degrees does Politeknik offer? What was Ireland's Institute of Technology system formerly known as? What institute was separate from the Regional Technical College system? What is a technical university that awards degrees in engineering? How many Politecnici lived in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north? Where is the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia headquartered? What was the forerunner of the University of Tokyo's engineering faculty? What does an institute of technology specialize in? Where is the Polytechnics located? Who helped the Ministry of Education establish the National Academy of Sciences? Where is Politeknik Ungku Omar located? How many polytechnics are in Malaysia? How many students attended the Malaysian Polytechnic in 2009? How many students attended the Malaysian Polytechnic in 2012? What is the only technical university in Mauritius? What type of focus does the US Air Force have? What country's polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989? What does UCOL stand for? When were New Zealand polytechnics established? What was the name of the Polytechnic that amalgamated with Massey University? When did New Zealand begin to consolidate its tertiary education system? What institute considered a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology? Where is Waiarapa Polytechnic located? What is the only polytechnic to have been elevated to university status? What grade standardized exams are used to determine acceptance to the BYU diploma program? What is the main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes? How many years does a diploma in Pakistan last? What is the name of the undergraduate engineering degree courses offered by engineering colleges affiliated to universities? What is the name of the Bachelor of Science degree awarded by Universities of Engineering & Technology or University of Engineering Sciences? What is the main kind of technical university name in Poland? What were short-cycle degrees known as? What process allowed BYU to offer 2nd cycle degrees to its students? What is a centralized institute? How many polytechnics are in Singapore? How many year diploma courses do Polytechnics offer? Who established the Banská Akadémia? When was the Banská Akadémia founded? What types of mining and metallurgy is taught at the Banská Akadémia? When did teaching begin? What are university buildings used for? What are polytechnics called in South Africa? When were Technikons given the power to award certain technology degrees? When did former Technikons merge with traditional Universities to form Comprehensive Universities? Most of Thailand's technology institutes were developed from what? What did technical colleges not grant in the past? What is the name of the technical school that was developed from Pathumwan Technical School? What is another name for Thonburi Technology Institute? What was the former name of the Rajamangala University of Technology? What is the name of the engineering school of Thammasat University? What is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand? When was Suranaree University of Technology established? What is the most well known private technological institute in Thailand? What technical university was founded in Bursa in 2010? How many technical universities are planned to open in Konya? Where were the two technical universities opened in the 1950s? When did the UK Polytechnics begin operating under the binary system of education? Who validated polytechnic degrees at the national level? What were the similar institutions in Scotland referred to as? What was Britain's first Polytechnic? How many "Institutes of Science and Technology" were there? What was the original name of Loughborough University? When did the universities become universities? Under what act were polytechnics granted university status? What organization did Polytechnics have no control over? What have some technical institutes been designated if they are associated with a local university? When were "technical institutes" formed? What was the name of the high school that atechnical schools were formed in the early 20th century? When was the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? What is the name of the MIT institution? What type of economy was technical education essential for? When were institutes of technology in Venezuela developed? Where was the first IUT created? Who adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie" system? The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of what? Who created the Wayback Machine? Where is the Internet Archive based? Who set up the Alexa website? What does the archive call archived versions of web pages across time? What is the name of the cluster of nodes that the Apache team uses to archive cached pages of web sites? When do they archive a new version of a site? What is the grand vision of the Archivists? What animated cartoon series was the name Wayback Machine a reference to? Who were the lead characters of Peabody's Improbable History? What is the name of the machine used to witness, participate in, and alter famous events in history? When did Brewster Kahle develop software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages? What is the term for people who collect information that does not include all the information available on the internet? What standard do "crawlers" respect for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached? What was developed in 2005 by the Internet Archive to allow institutions and content creators to voluntarily harvest and preserve collections of digital content? What was information kept on for five years? Who did Kahle occasionally allow to tap into the clunky database? What was the anniversary of the UC Berkeley Archives? Where was the archive unveiled and opened to the public? What becomes available more than six months after they are archived? Snapshots usually become available for how long after they are archived? Is the frequency of snapshots constant or variable? When did sites have to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included? Who was the director of the Internet Archive in November 2010? When did Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive say other sites were still being archived? How many petabytes of data did the Wayback Machine contain as of 2009? What was the growth rate of the Wayback Machine in 2003? What is the data stored on that is manufactured by Capricorn Technologies? Who manufactured the PetaBox rack systems? When did the Internet Archive migrate its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage? What storage architecture did the Internet Archive migrate to in 2009? Where is the Sun Modular Datacenter located? When was a new version of the Wayback Machine made available for public testing? When was the Beta of the new Wayback Machine released? The Wayback Machine only has a little bit of material past what year? When did the new Wayback Machine index become more complete and up-to-date? What is the name of the feature that allows a user to archive the contents of a URL? When was the "Save a Page" feature announced? What was the name of the 2009 case? Who filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file? What did Chordiant want Netbula to disable on its web site? Netbula argued that they should have subpoenaed what organization for the pages on their web site? Whose motion was supported by the sworn statement filed by an employee of Internet Archive? Who ordered Chordiant to disable robots.txt temporarily? Where was Judge Howard Lloyd located? Who could retrieve the archived pages that Netbula sought? Telewizja Polska is the provider of what? What network does EchoStar operate? Who rejected Telewizja Polska's assertion of hearsay? Who overruled Magistrate Keys' findings? When are these dates used to determine if a Web page is available as prior art? What is an example of a requirement that the US Patent Office and the European Patent Office will accept date stamps from the Internet Archive as evidence of when a given Web page was accessible to the public? What kind of limitations are there to archiving a web site? Screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports can contain errors when what is not exposed? What do archives such as the Wayback Machine not fill out? What type of database does the Wayback Machine not include in its archives? What could the Wayback Machine be interpreted as violating in Europe? What would the Archive have to do if a creator wanted to publish or duplicate content? Where can the exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine be found? The Internet Archive removed sites that were critical of what organization from the Wayback Machine in 2002? Whose request did the error message state was the result of? Who demanded that the site be removed? Who defended a client from a trademark dispute using the Archive's Wayback Machine? Who was the plaintiff in the Internet Archive complaint? What did Healthcare Advocates amend their complaint to include? What did Healthcare Advocates accuse the Internet Archive of violating? What type of protocol is the Robots Exclusion Standard? What is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard? What is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard? Who states that a website owner may contact us directly and ask us to stop crawling or archiving a site? Who filed a lawsuit in 2005? What was the name of Suzanne Shell's web site? Internet Archive filed a declaratory judgment action in what United States District Court? Where was the United States District Court for? When did the Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell jointly announce the settlement of their lawsuit? Who settled the lawsuit with Suzanne Shell? Who was the plaintiff in the lawsuit? How did a pornographic actor try to remove archived images of himself? Where did a pornographic actor try to remove archived images of himself? What are other names for the Dutch Provinces? How long did the Dutch Republic exist? What countries preceded the Kingdom of the Netherlands? What are the present-day Low Countries? What county was under the Kingdom of France? Who ruled most of the Low Countries? Who issued the Pragmatic Sanction? When did William I of Orange revolt against Philip II? Why did William I of Orange revolt against Philip II? In what year did a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries sign the Union of Utrecht? Who signed the Union of Utrecht? What was the name of the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II? When did the Act of Abjuration take place? What did the Union of Utrecht promise? When did the United Provinces invite Francis to lead them to Antwerp? When did Francis fail to take Antwerp? When was William of Orange assassinated? Who declined the offer of sovereignty after the assassination of William of Orange? When did the provinces become a confederacy? What created the Batavian Republic? Where did the republican forces flee to? What did a series of republican revolutions in 1783-1795 create? When did the Netherlands regain independence from France? What names were used in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814? What were the "Southern provinces"? During what era did the Dutch Republic dominate world trade? What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world? When was the Netherlands stock exchange founded? Where is the oldest bourse in the Netherlands? How many cities did the Dutch East-India Company go public in? What is the oldest city that a company can trade in? When did the Dutch have one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world? Where did the Dutch trade slaves from? What did the Dutch do to the Portuguese sphere of influence? How many provinces were in the republic? Who governed the colonies? Who made up the States General? What was the name of the eighth province? Why was the County of Drenthe denied representation in the States General? What is the Dutch word for a raadspensionaris? Who commanded the army in times of war? Who commanded the army in times of war? Who were the stadtholders freely appointed by and subordinate to? Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces? What cities had the same stadtholder as Holland? Who supported the stadtholders? Who supported the States General? What agreement gave several border territories to the United Provinces? What type of land were the Marshall Islands? What were the names of the three states in the area around Maastricht? Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company? Which two provinces initiated shipping expeditions? Who was influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces? Who influenced the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces? What is the American Declaration of Independence similar to? When were Holland and Zeeland granted the right to accept only one religion? What did the Union say every person should be free in the choice of? Who was a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion? What was quickly forbidden in all provinces? Who was required to take an oath to hold public office during the Republic? The extent to which different religions were persecuted depended on what? What was the punishment for people opening their homes to services in Leiden in the 17th century? What was one factor in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe? What controversy arose within the Reformed Church in the first years of the Republic? What is the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism known as? Who banned the Remonstrant faith in 1618? When did the situation change from active persecution of religious services to a state of restricted toleration of other religions? How was the toleration of other religions allowed? What language does Symbiosis come from? What did Albert Bernhard Frank use the word symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in? What nationality was Heinrich Anton de Bary? How long has the de Bary definition been debated? Some symbiotic relationships are what? What is the term for an organism that can but does not have to live with another organism? What are fungal and photosynthetic symbionts? What is an example of an ectosymbiosis? What is symbiosis in which the organisms are not in union? What is it called when one partner lives inside the other? What do bacterial endosymbionts provide essential nutrients to? What actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in alder tree root nodules? What type of bacteria live in reef-building corals? What type of ectosymbiont attaches to the jaw of baleen whales? What is an example of an ectoparasite? Ectosymbiosis is also referred to as what? What is another name for mutualism? What type of interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact can be considered symbiotic? What kind of gut flora do herbivores have? What is the result of mutualisms between coral organisms and various types of algae? What do mutualisms between plants do? What type of fungi help extract water and minerals from the ground? What is an example of mutual symbiosis? What protects clownfish from stinging tentacles? What is the relationship between ocellaris clownfish and Ritteri sea anemones an example of? What is an example of a fish that sometimes lives together with a shrimp? What does the goby fish touch to warn the shrimp? What type of symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs? When were the worms discovered? What does the worm rely on its internal symbionts for? Where were the worms discovered? What does the host cell lack during mutualistic symbioses? What does the host produce that favors endosymbiont's growth processes? How are genetic changes passed onto the offspring? What is the foremost change in the endosymbiont caused by Adaptation of the endosymbiont to the host's lifestyle? What is it called when endosymbiotic bacteria cannot reinstate their wild type phenotype via a recombination process? What could have been the reason for the lack of selection in the rich environment of the host? Where does the word "sharing a table" come from? What describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped? What is it called when an organism uses another organism for housing? What is it called when an organism uses something another created after its death? What is it called when one organism uses another for transportation? What is it called when one member of an association benefits while the other is harmed? What is the term for parasites that kill their host? What is the term for parasites that rely on their host's surviving? How many animals have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles? What is an example of a biotrophic relationship? What is it called when one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected? What are the two types of amensalism? What is one type of amensalism? What substance does Juglans nigra secrete? What insect of the genus Timarcha feeds upon the same type of shrub? What do the Spanish ibex and weevils feed upon? What is it called when an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other? What is a rare type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved? What does the interaction eventually cause? Is synnecrosis common or uncommon in nature? Why do bees inflict pain on themselves? What is believed to have resulted from a symbiosis between various sorts of bacteria? What are eukaryotes? What is Lynn Margulis famous for her work on? Along with Margulis, who said "Life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking?" What role did symbiosis play in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them? What did some plants develop? In some taxa of plants and insects the relationship has become what? What is the French name for the Canadian Armed Forces? What constituted the unified armed force of Canada? The National Defence Act states that the Canadian Forces are the armed forces of whom? What is the French name for the Canadian Forces? How many sub-components does the Reserve Force have? What act separates the Canadian Armed Forces from the Department of National Defence? Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces? Who represents Queen Elizabeth II? Who leads the Canadian Armed Forces? Who advises and assists the Chief of the Defence Staff? During what war did Canadian defence policy focus on the security of Europe? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? What was the main focus of Canadian defence policy during the Cold War? When were Canadian ground and air forces based in Europe? When did Canadian ground and air forces cease to be based in Europe? Who moved much of its defence focus "out of area" since the end of the Cold War? What has the Canadian military become more deeply engaged in since the end of the Cold War? What country has the Canadian military been involved in international security operations since 2002? When did the Canadian military begin to engage in international security operations in Afghanistan? Where has the North Atlantic Treaty Organization moved much of its defence focus since the end of the Cold War? What is Canadian defence policy based on? When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced? How many missions is the Canadian military equipped to carry out? Along with Canada, where is the Canadian military equipped to carry out six core missions? What do the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to? What is one of the ways the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to Canadian defence diplomacy? Who participates in the System of Cooperation Among? What type of training does the Canadian Armed Forces provide? What is one way the Canadian Armed Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy? In what year did Canada become afederation? Prior to the Confederation of Canada, what forces did residents of the colonies serve as regular members of? Along with Aboriginal peoples and the American Revolutionary War, who attacked the Fenian and North-West Rebellion? Along with the War of 1812, what war was fought by American forces? What were Canadian militia units formed to defend British North America against? Who was responsible for the military command of the British Army and Royal Navy? Where was the commander-in-chief for North America stationed? When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax? What was the name of the Department of Militia and Defence? When were land forces in Canada referred to as the Canadian Army? When was the first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces? Who was responsible for the first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces? When did the United Kingdom enter into conflict with Germany? What war did the Canadian Crown-in-Council decide to send its forces into? Along with the Second World War, what other war did the Canadian Crown-in-Council send troops to? How many operations have Canadian military units participated in since 1947? How many international operations have Canadian military units completed? What wars did Canada participate in? The Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya are examples of what? What did Canada maintain from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War? What is the name of the Battle of Caen? What is a notable Canadian battle? What is a notable Canadian battle? Where was the Battle of Medak Pocket fought? What did Canada have fielded at the end of the Second World War? Canada's navy was thought to be the third largest in the world until the fall of what country? Canada's navy was originally thought to have the third-largest in the world, but new data based on what country's sources found it to be incorrect? When did the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force merge? What three Canadian Armed Forces were merged on February 1, 1968? Who controlled Canada's air force until 1931? When did Canada gain legislative independence from the United Kingdom? In what war did the Canadian Corps sacrifice? What was the original name of the Canadian Armed Forces after the 1980s? When did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name give way to "Canadian Forces"? When did the "Canadian Armed Forces" name return? What did the Canadian Armed Forces name change to after the 1980s? What troops were deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts? In what year did the Afghan Air Force cease to be deployed in Afghanistan? What is the name of the United Nations International Security Assistance Force? Who asked NATO to send troops to Afghanistan? Land Forces deployed in support of what operations within UN sanctioned conflicts? How much is the Armed Forces funded annually? How is the US Armed Forces ranked compared to the world's other armed forces? What is the total force of the U.S. Armed Forces? By what year is the number of primary reserve personnel expected to go up to 30,000? What would the total strength of the British Isles be if the British Isles were to become a part of the British Isles? What was the name of the strategy used by the Government of Canada to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? How did the Canada First Defence Strategy modernize the Canadian Armed Forces? What was the CF facing a problem with? What types of equipment were acquired for the Afghanistan mission? What is the name of the air force's medium range transport aircraft fleet? What type of helicopters have been acquired for the Armed Forces? In what year did the US acquire equipment to support the Afghanistan mission? What roles were open to women in the 1950s? When did the roles of women in the CAF begin to expand? What non-traditional areas did the CAF expand employment opportunities into? What did the Department do to allow women to serve at sea? Along with the Canadian Human Rights Act, what document was passed by Parliament in 1978? What occupations were still closed to women in 1987? When did the Minister of National Defence create an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? Who created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units? What were these trials called? When were all military occupations open to women? What was the only military occupation open to women in 2000? How much did the introduction of women into combat arms increase the potential recruiting pool? Who allowed women to be fully integrated in all occupations and roles? What must all equipment be for a mixed-gender force? What items are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues? What are women provided with? What is the beginning of the hierarchy? What determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign? Who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces? What are Orders in Council? Who must sign Orders in Council? What do monarchs and viceroys generally follow under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices? How many military personnel are in the U.S. Armed Forces? Who is the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces? Who appoints the Chief of the Defence Staff? Where is the NDHQ located? Who is on the Armed Forces Council? How many Canadian Forces bases does Canada have? Where is the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School? Where do both officers and non-commissioned members receive basic training? How many warships and submarines are in the Royal Canadian Navy? Where is Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard located? What is the name of the formation in Quebec City? What does the RCN participate in? Who is the head of the Canadian Army? How many divisions are there in the Canadian Army? What are the four divisions of the Canadian Army? What is the last division of the Canadian Army? What is the last division of the Canadian Army? How many field-ready brigade groups are in the Regular Force? How many field-ready brigade groups does the Regular Force have? Along with a field ambulance, what type of squadron is co-located with each brigade? Along with a tactical helicopter squadron, what is co-located with each brigade? Where are major training and support establishments located? Who is the head of the Royal Canadian Air Force? Where is the Canadian NORAD Region based? How many wings does the 1 Canadian Air Division operate through? Who reports to the operational commander? Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and what other states? Where are command and control facilities located? Where is the Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force based? What is the Canadian component of NATO? Along with Newfoundland and Labrador, where are major air bases located? What does JTFN stand for? What does the RCAF and JTFN maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region? The RCAF and JTFN maintain a chain of forward operating locations capable of supporting what? What type of squadrons deploy to Arctic airports for training exercises? What are the CF-18 squadrons used for? When was the Canadian Joint Operations Command established? The Canadian Joint Operations Command is an operational element established in October 2012 with the merger of what three entities? The new command was created as a response to the cost-cutting measures in what budget? What does CanSOFCOM stand for? What is the focus of the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command? What does the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command support? Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based? How many Special Operations Aviation Squadron is based at CFB Petawawa? What is the Information Management Group responsible for? Where is the Canadian Forces Information Operations Group headquartered? What has the CAF Cyber Task Force been tasked with doing for the Canadian Armed Forces? When did the Canadian Armed Forces Chief of Force Development announce the establishment of the Directorate of Cybernetics? Who is the head of the Directorate of Cybernetics? The Health Services Group provides health services to whom? What is temporarily assigned under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation? Along with force generation, what is under command of the Surgeon General? When can the Canadian Armed Forces be called upon? What two types of reserve force does the Canadian Armed Forces have? Who is responsible for the environmental command in the Regular Force? What are the four components of the Canadian Forces? What does COATS stand for? How old are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement? What branch of the CAF are the majority of COATS members? What are members of the Reserve Force that are not employed part-time or full-time? What do the Canadian Rangers do? Where do the Canadian Rangers patrol? What type of force are the Canadian Rangers? What are the Canadian Rangers used for? What is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion? What is included in the "No. 1 or 1A" ring? What is the operational dress of most members of the CF? What is authorized for winter wear in cold climates? What type of dress does the navy, most army, and some other units have for very specific occasions? What are the authorized headdresses for the Canadian Armed Forces? How is a uniform colored in the US Air Force? What is the most widely worn headgear? What does the Canadian Army wear? What gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence? In what year was regular funding augmented by CAD$12.5 billion over five years? Who had the right of electing the pope in 1059? How were cardinals assigned in the 12th century? What is the term for a priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church? When did the term "parishes" begin to be applied to the priests of the diocese of Rome? What were the priests of the diocese of Rome called? What Latin word means "principal" or "chief?" Who retains an instance of this origin of the title? Who were the first cardinals in Rome? In what century did the Roman cardinals become a privileged class among the Roman clergy? In what year was only a cardinal eligible to become pope? Whose pontificate gave cardinals the right to elect the pope? Under what act were cardinals given the right to elect the pope? When were Cardinals granted the privilege of wearing the red hat by Pope Innocent IV? Who granted Cardinals the privilege of wearing the red hat in 1244? What was the name given to church men in other cities? In what year did Pope Zacharias send a letter to Pippin III? In what year did Pius V reserve the title of Cardinal? Who sent a letter to Pippin III in 747? In what year did Pope Zacharias send a letter to Pippin III? Who reserved the title of cardinal in 1567? In what year did Pius V reserve the title of Cardinal? In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? Who headed the Ecumenical Council of Trent? In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write about the importance of selecting good Cardinals? Who headed the Ecumenical Council of Trent? Which temporal rulers notably reestablished their influence through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements? In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in what? Who was the first cleric of the Dominican Order to appoint a bishop? Who was the first cleric of the Dominican Order to appoint a bishop? Who was crowned king in Portugal due to a succession crisis? How many cardinals did Pope Sixtus V limit the number to? How many cardinals did Pope Sixtus V limit the number to? Who was the pontificate that exceeded the limit of a pope's power? What was the maximum number of cardinal electors in 1971? Popes can dispense from church laws and sometimes bring the number of cardinals under what age? What was the maximum number of cardinal electors in 1971? What did Pope Paul VI not set a limit on at the start of 1971? What is the titular church of a cardinal? Who receives the titular bishopric of Ostia? What is the primary suburbicarian see? When was the title of Eminence decreed? Who decreed the title of Eminence in 1630? In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed that their secular rank would equate to what? Who was the Eminence secondary to? Who decreed the title of Eminence in 1630? What is the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English? What is the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English? How do people sign in accordance with tradition? What is the full title of Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals? Why do Oriental Patriarchs use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title? What order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope? What is the name of the cardinal protodeacon in Latin? When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope? When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal as pope? How many sees carries an actual right to the cardinalate? No see carries an actual right to what? Who are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? What are Cardinal bishops? Who are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church? Who was the person elected to the papal office in early times? Why was the rite of consecrating him performed by someone who was already a bishop? What happens if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop? What happens if the person elected Pope is not yet a bishop? How many suburbicarian sees are there? When was Velletri united with Ostia? Who decreed that any cardinal bishop would keep the suburbicarian see he already held? What are the seven suburbicarian sees? In what year did the cardinal bishops have no powers of governance over the suburbicarian sees? Where is the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome apostolic administrator? Who is the apostolic administrator in Ostia? In what year did the cardinal bishops have no powers of governance over the suburbicarian sees? Where is the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome apostolic administrator? Who is the apostolic administrator in Ostia? What are the cardinals of the Church collectively known as? Who is competent to judge Cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction? What does the pope give to each newly appointed cardinal to symbolize their bond with the papacy? Who gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring? What was the name of the wide-brimmed hat that the pope would give to a new cardinal? When was the scarlet biretta discontinued? What color is now used for the investiture? Which cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition? What does the blood-like red on a cardinal's scarlet garment symbolize? What is always white? Why has the bird of the same name become known as such? Until what decade was it customary for cardinals to wear a violet or blue cape? What happens if a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal? Who created cardinals without publishing their names? What were lay cardinals allowed to do? When was the Code of Canon Law revised? What did the revision of the Code of Canon Law allow? What can a cardinal not do? Since what year were prominent priests not ordained bishops? When was it possible for someone who was not a priest to become a cardinal? When did Pope John XXIII set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops? What is the purpose of the papal conclave? Who is the senior cardinal deacon in order of appointment to the College of Cardinals? Where does the senior cardinal deacon announce a new pope's election? Who chose not to be crowned and opted for a simpler papal inauguration ceremony? What color mitre would cardinal deacons wear? How many cardinals of the order of deacons were there in 2005? How long have deacons been cardinal deacons? How many Italians were there in 1939? What percentage of the population in 1994 was Italian? Cardinal deacons derive from what? What are the lowest-ranking cardinals? Who is the cardinal protopriest? Who is the current cardinal protopriest? Who must approve the election of the Dean of the College of Cardinals? What title do Patriarch cardinals not receive? Cardinal priests rank above what other order of cardinals? Cardinal priests rank below what other cardinal? Who are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church? What are cardinal priests? What does every cardinal priest have? In what year did Pope Sixtus V try to limit the size of the College to 70? What was the maximum size of the College in 1587? Who abolished the limit on churches? What is another name for Iranian languages? Iranic languages form a branch of what language family? The Indo-Iranian languages are a branch of what language family? When did Old Iranian end? What language was spoken by Sassanid Iran? How many Iranian languages are there? What language does the term Iranian descend from? Arya is a word from what two languages? When was the term for the Iranian language family introduced? Who introduced the term for the Iranian language family in 1836? Who used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878? When did Robert Needham Cust use the term Irano-Aryan? What is the common ancestor of all Iranian languages? Where are the Indo-Iranian languages thought to have originated? What is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture? In what year did the first dynasty of Egypt begin? Balto-Slavic was a satem ethno-linguistic group of what family? Where did the Iranian tribes settle? What must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages? How many languages/dialects have survived? What is the last inscription in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct? When was the Behistun inscription composed? When did the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian begin? What is the name of the two forms of Old Iranian dialect? What is the name of the indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Avestan? The Old Avestan dialect is roughly the same stage of development as what other language? Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as what other language? Carduchi is the hypothetical predecessor to what Old Iranian language? What did Herodotus call the language he recorded? What groups did the Iranian peoples settle into? Avestan and what other language are distinct? What is the name of the Old Iranian language? What are the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants? What are the Proto-Indo-Iranian consonants? What other languages have a similar state of affairs? What are the two consonant clusters that have a complication? What is a further complication of the *w and *dw? What is possible that was already in existence during this period? What subgroup of Scythian are hypothethical ancestor languages? What is the name of the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian? When did the "Middle Iranian" era end? What are the two main groups of Middle Iranian languages? Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic fall under what category? What language did the Eastern group retain some similarity to? What script was used to write Bactrian? What script was Bactrian written using? What was the official language of Middle Persian under the Sasanian dynasty in Iran? Until the beginning of the 10th century, how long was the taiwanese lamp in use? What languages were used as literary languages by the Manichaeans? Manichaean texts were written in a script closely akin to what script? What religion conquered Persia? What was the official language of the court? What dynasty was the first in a line of many dynasties to officially adopt the new language? When did the Saffarid dynasty adopt the new language? What province did Ibn al-Nadim associate the term "Dari" with? What language did the Islamic conquest bring with it the adoption of for writing Persian? When did the middle Persian script begin dwindling in usage? What script was first Latinised in the 1920s? When was the script Cyrillicized? Who Cyrillicized the script in the 1930s? What is another name for Western Iran? What Iranian languages were displacing in parts of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan? When was the core region of Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans taken over? Where is Yaghnobi located? What language is the sole remnant of Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper? What is used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings? Proper lighting can have what kind of psychological effects on occupants? What does artificial lighting represent a major component of in buildings? Lamps and light fixtures are examples of what? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What is used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? Proper lighting can have what kind of psychological effects on occupants? What does artificial lighting represent a major component of in buildings? What is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect? What is used for indoor lighting? What is a key part of interior design? What is a key part of interior design? What is used for indoor lighting? What is a key part of interior design? When was fluorescent lighting first available? What type of lighting is popular in Canada? When did fire start in the caves of Peking Man? What oily animals were used as lamps? What were the earliest forms of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area? How long ago were the lamps found in the Lascaux caves? What type of light bulb was powered by electricity? When did gas lighting begin to be used to power street lights in major cities? What did more street lights reduce? What comes in a wide variety of styles for various functions? What is the most important function of a holder for a light source? How is the amount of usable light emanating from a light fixture measured? What is the daylight temperature of an incandescent bulb? What type of bulb has a color temperature of 2800 to 3000 Kelvin? High color temperatures correspond to lamps with more of what appearance? What type of lamps have more energy in the yellow and red part of the visible spectrum? What largely determines lighting's intended use? Who invented track lighting? What feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts? What type of lighting is hung from or clipped to bare metal cables under tension? What does a master transformer feed all of the fixtures on the track or rod with? What is an uplight intended for ambient lighting? What is the most common fixture found in many homes and offices? What is the desk lamp considered? In what type of club could accent lighting be used? What fell out of favor after the 1980s? What type of lighting would be used in a dark nightclub? In a movie theater, steps in the aisles are usually marked with a row of what? What are low wattage, low voltage lamps being replaced with? What is another name for a track-based lamp? What is used to light roadways and walkways at night? Along with LEDs, what type of luminaires are being designed to provide an energy-efficient alternative to traditional street light fixtures? What can be used to illuminate outdoor playing fields or work zones during nighttime hours? What can be used along roadways in urban areas? What can be used outside to illuminate and signal the entrance to a property? What color are the tail and brake lights? What colors are headlamps? When did some automakers begin to use electroluminescent technology? What color are the rear-facing reversing lamps? What flashes on the front, side, and rear of a vehicle to indicate an intended change of position or direction? What is the term for the part of a light fixture that converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation? What does a light bulb convert into electromagnetic radiation? What type of incandescent lamp produces 700 lumens? How many lumens does a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produce? What is lighting design as it applies to the built environment known as? What is 'architectural lighting design'? What software allows an Architect to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a particular design? Hand-calculations based on what type of data are used to provide an acceptable lighting design? What does artificial lighting use to take into account the amount of daylight received in an internal space? What type of paint absorbs light, making a room appear smaller and more dim? What type of paint absorbs light and makes the room appear dim? What is used to simulate lighting designs for projects before they are built or renovated? What is prepared so that the lighting operator can control the lights in step with the performance? Motion picture and television production use many of the same tools and methods of what? What is the basic SI unit of measurement? What is the SI unit for luminance? What is the CGS unit of luminance? How is the amount of useful light emitted from a source measured? What is a standardized model of human visual brightness perception? What is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance measured in? What does UGR stand for? What does CCT stand for? What does CRI stand for? What is an indication of a light source's ability to make objects appear natural? What is another name for correlated color temperature? What does GAI stand for? What is another name for the gamut area index? What is the metric called gamut area index? What is an example of a dosimeter? What is the personal circadian light meter called? What is the Daysimeter? How many days can the Daysimeter collect data? What type of light stimulates the circadian system? What is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? What type of system reduces energy usage and cost by helping to provide light when and where it is needed? ZigBee is an example of what type of control system? What is an example of a wireless mesh open standard? What is the main benefit of using wireless mesh open standards? What type of sensors can control lighting? What do passive infrared sensors react to? What transmits sound above the range of human hearing? When motion can no longer be detected, the lights shut off? What is the oldest method of interior lighting? Are daylighting schemes popular among most buildings? What is another name for light emitting diodes? What type of optics can be used to control the light emission of LEDs? What can cause headache frequency, stress, and increased blood pressure? What disease can designing lighting systems that maximize the right amount of light at the appropriate time of day for the elderly help relieve? How many hours is the human circadian system entrained to a light-dark pattern? What happens when patterns are disrupted? Who documented a study that surveyed 23 surgical patients? How many negative evaluative comments did nurses receive? How many negative evaluative comments did nurses receive? Where is Alison Jing Xu from? Where is Aparna Labroo from? Who invented a method in which kerosene could be distilled from petroleum? In what year was kerosene distilled from petroleum? What method was used for lighting in the 1820s but was expensive? What is another name for CFLs? Are all CFL's suitable for dimming? According to the Energy Saving Trust, what percentage of power do LED lamps use compared to a standard incandescent bulb? How many hours is the life of a battery? How long is the life of a battery? What percentage of power do energy saving halogen lamps use? What is a growing problem in response to excess light being given off by numerous signs, houses, and buildings? What creates safety issues around buildings? What can be used if natural light is not present? What type of ing is critical to the battlefield conditions? Modern warfare has seen increased use of night vision through what? What can be used by the military to mark positions? What have eliminated the need for lasers in the military? What does CIE stand for? What does IESNA stand for? Along with the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, what other organizations publish guidelines, standards, and handbooks? What does photometric data define for a specific luminaire? What does IALD stand for? What does PLDA stand for? What was the PLDA formerly known as? What is the name of the National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions? Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination? What abbreviation can an individual add to their name to become 'Lighting Certified'? What are the other two national examinations in the US? What does PLASA stand for? Where is the PLASA based? How many members does the PLASA have? What does RoHS stand for? What is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu? How many branches of government did Montesquieu want? What is the name of the document that states that the three branches of the United States government are kept distinct to prevent abuse of power? What is the United States system of separation of powers associated with? What was the idea of a separation of powers called? Who was a notable philosopher during the Age of Enlightenment? Which philosopher strongly opposed the principle of 'no matter what' in his writings during the Age of Enlightenment? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? Whose opinions were greatly influenced by Popper's writings? Who was a notable philosopher during the Age of Enlightenment? Which philosopher strongly opposed the principle of 'no matter what' in his writings during the Age of Enlightenment? Who was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary? What country's Westminster system was based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government? What was the UK Westminster system based on? What did Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia all keep the branches of government? What country did not have strict separation of powers? What was the President of Delaware's position? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? What Supreme Court case held that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? In what year was Clinton v. City of New York ruled that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? Who has the sole power to legislate for the United States? What doctrine states that Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency? What Supreme Court case held that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? In what year was Clinton v. City of New York ruled that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President? What was one of the earliest cases involving the limits of non-delegation? In what year did he die? Who was the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court? Who was Congress unconstitutionally clothed with legislative powers? What was one of the earliest cases involving the limits of non-delegation? Who was the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court? When did the Supreme Court hold a delegation of authority unconstitutional? What agency was created in 1935? When was the case of A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States? When was the case of A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States? What was the name of the case in which Congress could not authorize the president to formulate codes of "fair competition"? What military branches does the president become the Commander in Chief of? Whose Advice and Consent does the president have to make appointments to office? How can Congress terminate a president's appointment? What type of oversight does the Federal Trade Commission have? What type of power is vested in the President? Who has executive power with exceptions and qualifications? How can Congress terminate a president's appointment? The Constitution empowers the president to ensure the faithful execution of laws made by whom? What does Congress often write legislation to restrain executive officials to? What was the Supreme Court's decision in 1983? When was INS v. Chadha decided? What percentage of the Senate and House must approve a bill if it disapproves? What power is vested in the Supreme Court? Who appoints judges? Who advises the president in appointing judges? What are courts that exercise judicial power called? What is the power to decide cases and controversies vested in the Supreme Court? Who appoints judges? Who advises the president in appointing judges? What type of courts do not take the form of judicial agencies or commissions? Legislative courts may not exercise what power? Who is the president of the Senate? Who exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills? Who is the president of the Senate? Who appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent? Who appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent? Who is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States? Who has the power to declare war? Who must confirm all Generals and Admirals appointed by the president? Who checks the executive branch and legislative branch through judicial review? What case established a precedent for judicial review? What is the only court that can determine constitutionality? Who has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts? Who is the only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary? Who presides in the Senate during a president's impeachment trial? Who wrote that it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense? Where did James Madison write about the ability of each branch to defend itself? Who has dominated the three branches of government in the United States? How many bills did George Washington veto? How many bills did James Monroe veto? How many bills did Eisenhower veto during his two terms in office? Who was the first to use the veto as a political weapon? How many of Johnson's vetoes did Congress override? What act was passed to curb the power of the presidency? Who was the first Democratic president after Johnson? Who was the first Democratic president after Johnson? Who was given sweeping authority by Congress? Who gave Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority? What did Richard Nixon use as a basis for his expansion of power? What is it argued applies to the Judicial branch as well as the other branches? To whom are the powers of the Congress delegated? Who regulates attorneys appearing in Florida courts? Who regulates attorneys appearing in Florida courts? What type of works are often perceived as cultural symbols and works of art? What is the Latin word for architecture? What is the process and product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures? What is often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art? What are historical civilizations often identified with? What language does 'architect' come from? What is the Greek word for architect? What is architecture? What are architectural works often perceived as? What are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements? What is the earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture? Who wrote De architectura? When was De architectura written? What are the three principles of firmitas, utilitas and venustas? What is the earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture? Who wrote De architectura? De architectura is the earliest surviving written work on what subject? According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy what three principles? What are the three principles of firmitas, utilitas and venustas? When was the idea of style in the arts developed? Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects? What languages were Vasari's Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects translated into? According to Vitruvius, who should strive to fulfill each of the three attributes as well as possible? Who wrote De Re Aedificatoria? Leon Battista Alberti saw beauty primarily as a matter of what? What did Alberti call the human figure? In what century was the idea of style in the arts developed? Who wrote Contrasts? When was Contrasts written? What did Pugin write in 1836? When was Contrasts written? What did Pugin disparage in Contrasts? What type of architecture did Pugin believe was the only true Christian form of architecture? Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? What was John Ruskin's profession? When was Seven Lamps of Architecture published? What did architecture contribute to? Ibn Sina's work states that a building is truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned" what? What was of overriding significance for Ruskin? What does Popper say a building is not truly a work of architecture unless? What did Ruskin think a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed? When was Le Corbusier born? Who wrote that stone, wood, and concrete are used to build houses and palaces? What is ure? When was Le Corbusier born? What part of me did you touch when you were a child? What do I say when I see this? What concept was introduced to replace Vitruvius' "utility"? Along with practical and enjoyment, what other criteria were included in the definition of "Function"? Whose "utility" was replaced by the concept of "function"? What does "Function" encompass? What was the reaction to the idea that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality? What are some of the philosophies that have influenced modern architects? rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology are examples of what that have influenced modern architects? rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology have influenced modern architects and what else? Along with rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, and phenomenology, what philosophy has influenced modern architects? When was a new concept added to the compass of both structure and function? What concept was added to the compass of both structure and function in the late 20th century? What is a building to satisfy the contemporary ethos ally friendly in terms of the production of its materials? What does a building need to be environmentally friendly in order to satisfy the contemporary ethos? What were some of the needs that building evolved out of? What began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices? What did building become as human cultures developed? What is the name given to the most formalized and respected versions of building? Along with attendant skills, what was a means for building? What makes up most of the built world that people experience every day? What caused the economy to expand? What is widely assumed to be the cause of architectural success? What type of architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world? What type of settlements were most of the early human settlements? What did a surplus in production result in? How did urban areas grow and evolve in some cases? What ancient civilizations resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent the political power of the ruler? What ancient civilizations resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent the political power of the ruler? In ancient civilizations, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with what? What did ancient cultures use monumentality in architecture to represent? What was the name of the early Asian writings on architecture from the 7th-5th centuries BCE? Where was the Kao Gong Ji from? When was the Kao Gong Ji written? What is the name of the Sri Lankan architecture writing? What was the name of ancient India's architecture? What led to architectural forms that were designed to enhance the natural landscape in many Asian countries? What type of architecture showed great regional diversity? When did Hindu temple architecture develop? What is Hindu temple architecture concerned with expressing? Hindu temple architecture is governed by concepts laid down in what? Along with Hindu and Sikh architecture, what type of architecture is found in Asia? What led to architectural forms that were designed to enhance the natural landscape in many Asian countries? What did the widespread application of the pointed arch influence in the Medieval period? When did Islamic architecture begin? Along with the Middle East, where did Islamic architecture originate? What were the features of Islamic architecture designed to suit? The widespread application of what type of arch was to influence European architecture in the Medieval period? What were the major architectural undertakings? What were the major architectural undertakings of the Ottoman empire? Who carried architectural knowledge across Europe from about 900 CE onwards? What style of architecture did the movements of clerics and tradesmen result in? Along with the Gothic style, what style was created by the movements of clerics and tradesmen? When did the movements of clerics and tradesmen carry architectural knowledge across Europe? In what year did Renaissance Humanism begin? When did the Renaissance Europe begin? Where was there a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism? In what period did the Renaissance Humanism take place? What did Renaissance Humanism place more emphasis on than during the Medieval period? What three vocations were still not dividing lines? What considerations does architecture have to reflect? What does architecture have to do with planning and designing to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental, and aesthetic considerations? The practice of Architecture also encompasses what aspects of realizing buildings and structures? Who said architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences? How did Nunzia Rondanini say architecture goes beyond the functional aspects of it has in common with other human sciences? What can architecture stimulate and influence without presuming that it will promote social development? Architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that it will promote what? What does architecture go beyond that other human sciences have in common? What is the meaning ofarchitectural formalism? What is a purposeless quest for formalism that degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What type of alism is a purposeless quest for perfection or originality that degrades form into a mere instrumentality? What did the architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations evolve from? What emerged from the architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations? The Greek and Roman civilizations evolved from civic ideals rather than what? What was developed in the form of the Classical orders? Texts on architecture have been written since what time? What were canons? What was another term for formal prescriptions? When was Vitruvius born? Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are what? What was formed by craftsmen in Europe during the Medieval period? What has survived in relation to ecclesiastical buildings? Written contracts have survived in relation to what type of buildings? What is another name for a master mason? What did science and engineering affect in buildings? The level of structural calculations involved in the design of a bridge was within the scope of what? What two disciplines began to separate with the rise of new materials and technology? What did the focus of the architect on humanism and aesthetics often cost? What type of architect dealt with wealthy clients? What did formal training in the 19th century give little emphasis to? Where did effective architects receive their training? What did the Industrial Revolution open the door for? What became cheaper under machine production? What became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products became cheaper under machine production? What could house builders combine with current architectural design in their work? What could house builders use in their work by combining features from pattern books and architectural journals? In what century did a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration give rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture? What did the dissatisfaction with revivalist architecture lead to? When was the Deutscher Werkbund formed? Why was the Deutscher Werkbund formed? What school was founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919? When modern architecture was first practiced, what was it? Who did modernist architects focus on meeting after World War I? What did the academic refinement of historical styles serve? What type of details did Modernist architects use? What did Modernist architects remove from buildings? Who created Robie House and Fallingwater? What are two examples of organic architecture? What was the aim of Organic architecture? What gave birth to high-rise superstructures? What gave birth to high-rise superstructures? By mid-century, Modernism had morphed into what? What is the name of the World Trade Center building designed by Minoru Yamasaki? Who designed the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center? What did many architects find modernism devoid of? Who were some of the architects that tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism? What were Brutalism buildings made of? What generation critiqued modernism and Brutalism for being too monotone? What is one reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism? What are two examples of metaphoric architecture? biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture use what as their primary source of inspiration? What type of architecture did some consider the school to be a later development of? When did architectural phenomenology emerge as an important movement against modernism? architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against what? What did architectural phenomenology aim to expand by using historical buildings as models and precedents? Who famously defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed"? What are buildings with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms called? When did the field of architecture become multi-disciplinary? A large structure can no longer be the design of what? Which two styles of architecture have been criticised by some members of the architectural profession? What has become a mainstream issue? What do architecture schools focus more on? Who pioneered sustainability in architecture? Who pioneered sustainability in architecture in the 1960s? Who created the Green Building Council? What movements promote a sustainable approach to construction? What type of housing estates did Popper lean against? New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach to construction that appreciates and develops what? What type of architecture did Bauhaus lean against solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl? What indicators are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development? A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is what? Who developed the HDI? Who published the HDI? A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is what? When was the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index introduced? What does IHDI stand for? What is the actual level of human development? What can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development? When did Mahbub ul Haq launch his policies? Who was a Nobel laureate? What did Mahbub ul Haq want to shift the focus of development economics to? When did Mahbub ul Haq launch his policies? What does LE stand for? What is the life expectancy at birth? What does EYS stand for? What is the GNIpc? Who promulgates the formula defining the HDI? When was the 2015 Human Development Report released? The 2015 Human Development Report calculates HDI values based on estimates for what year? When was the 2014 Human Development Report released? The 2014 Human Development Report calculates HDI values based on estimates for what year? The IHDI is a measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once what is taken into account? What is the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What country has a missing IHDI? What does HDI stand for? What was the main reason some countries were not included? Which United Nations Member States was not included in the 2014 report? When was the 2013 Human Development Report released? The 2013 Human Development Report calculates HDI values based on estimates for what year? What is the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index? What country has a missing IHDI? What country has a missing IHDI? What year was the Human Development Report released? What country has a missing IHDI? What country has a missing IHDI? What was the main reason some countries were not included? Which United Nations Member States was not included in the 2011 report? When was the 2010 Human Development Report released? What year was the Human Development Report released? What are the three basic dimensions of human development? What country has a missing IHDI? What was the main reason some countries were not included? Who lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion? What has Cuba ranked as in recent years? When was the 2009 Human Development Report released? The 2009 Human Development Report covers what period? What was the title of the book that was published in 2009? What category were the top countries by HDI grouped in? What does the report refer to these countries as? What were some countries not included for? What was the name of the report that covered the period up to 2006? What was not included in the so-called "statistical update"? What was the period covered by the "statistical update"? When was the Human Development Report for 2007/2008 launched? What was the focus of the UNFCCC? Most of the data used for the report are derived from what year? Most of the data used for the report are derived from what year? Where was the Human Development Report for 2007/2008 launched? What countries had a decrease in HDI? What HDI is considered to be low development? Where are all 22 countries in this category located? Where does Gabon rank among Sub-Saharan countries? Where does Gabon rank among Sub-Saharan countries? What are the highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries? What HDI is considered to be high development? Along with Albania, Belarus, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia, what country is in the "medium development" group? Along with Saudi Arabia and Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya and Macedonia, what country is in the "medium development" group? What represents a decrease in ranking? What represents an increase in ranking over the previous study? What represents a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study? Which country has been ranked the highest twelve times? Which country has been ranked highest twice? What does the Human Development Index focus on? What type of models of development have the Human Development Index been criticized for? What kind of perspective has the Human Development Index been criticized for not focusing on development? What ideological bias has the Human Development Index been criticized for? How many sources of data error were identified? In what year did the UNDP update the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries? What magazine did the Human Development Report Office respond to a January 6, 2011 article about the Wolff et al. paper? How many economies did the UNDP HDI enumerate in 2009? How many countries did the UNDP HDI cover in 2010? What is another name for southern Europe? Along with Spain and Portugal, what peninsula is part of southern Europe? Which countries are geographically in the southern part of Europe but have different historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds? Along with Greece and the Iberian peninsula, what country is part of southern Europe? What are some ways to define southern Europe? What natural features define Southern Europe? What climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece? What areas of Turkey are covered by the Mediterranean climate? Dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees are examples of what? Where are cooler climates found in Southern European countries? Which coast of Spain experiences a wetter Atlantic climate? What type of climate does the north coast of Spain experience? What type of flora is in the Mediterranean Region? Who recognized the phytochoria in the Mediterranean Region? What period began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece? The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of what? Greek influence reached its zenith under whom? Where was the Western Roman Empire based? Where was the Eastern Roman Empire based? The attacks of what peoples led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476? When did the Western Roman Empire fall? By what year was the Roman Empire divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople? What did modern historians refer to the Eastern Roman Empire as? Who established kingdoms and empires of their own in Western Europe? What did Germanic people establish in Western Europe? What was the name of the series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule? When was the Sack of Constantinople? What two merchant republics would become major economic powers? What movement reconquered Iberia for Christendom? What did the Sack of Constantinople bring an abrupt end to? What period represented a period of upheaval in Europe? What epidemic caused a demographic catastrophe in Europe? Who encroached steadily on former Byzantine lands in the Balkans? When did Constantinople fall? When did the renaissance begin in Florence? Where did the renaissance begin? What did the renaissance challenge traditional doctrines in? What types of knowledge did the Arab renaissance bring about rediscovery of? The Reconquista of which two countries led to a series of oceanic explorations? When did the Peace of Westphalia end? The Treaty of the Pyrenees ended a conflict between which two countries? Who invented the telescope and the thermometer? Who invented the radio? What did European overseas expansion lead to? What did the rise of colonial empires produce? What was the new economy based on? What caused a new economy to be based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture? During what period were there a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars? Who did the Balkan nations regain independence from? When was Rome captured? Rivalry in a scramble for empires is known as what? When did World War I begin? In what year did the Allies defeat the Central Powers? When did the Big Four impose their terms in a series of treaties? What was Adolf Hitler's government called? Who was the leader of the Nazi regime in 1933? What country did Mussolini lead? Who was the leader of Italy during the Second World War? What military alliance did the countries in the Soviet sphere of influence join? Who was responsible for market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism? What was the EU in charge of? When did communism end in the satellite countries? When did the Soviet Union dissolve? When did Croatia join the European Union? What is the most widely spoken family of languages in southern Europe? Where is Italian spoken by over 50 million people? Where is Catalan spoken? What romance language is spoken in northwestern Spain? How many people in Spain and Gibraltar speak Spanish? What language is widely spoken in Greece and in the Greek part of Cyprus? Hellenic languages are widely spoken in Greece and where? What language is spoken in Macedonia? What language is spoken in Bulgaria? Where is Slovene spoken? What is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe? Along with Maltese and Gibraltar, what other language has a small presence in Southern Europe? What is the second language spoken in Malta? What language is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece? What type of language is Maltese? Where is the Basque Country located? What is the predominant religion in southern Europe? When was Christianity adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire? What religion are Christians in the western half of Southern Europe? What religion are Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe? What is the United Nations Organization's classification of countries? Why is the assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings? What does the UN call Southern Europe? What does TDM stand for? Who divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) model? What is the name of the British Broadcasting Corporation's television service? What is the name of the corporation that operates in the United Kingdom? When did the corporation begin producing television programmes? When was the start of the BBC's broadcasts? Where has the BBC operated under the terms of a Royal charter since 1927? What percentage of UK viewing does the BBC television channels account for? What type of company does the BBC rank as one of the world's largest? When was Britain's first television broadcast? Where was Baird Television Ltd.'s studio located? On what date was Britain's first television broadcast? When did Baird stop broadcasting via the BBC? When was simultaneous transmission of sound and picture achieved? Where did the BBC begin programming from? How were the 30-line images transmitted to the transmitter at Brookmans Park? Advances in all-electronic television systems made what broadcasts obsolete? Where did the studio move to in February 1934? When did the studio move to larger quarters? Where was the converted wing of the BBC's television broadcasts located? What band was the transmitter now broadcasting on? How many lines did the Baird intermediate film system have? How many lines did the Marconi-EMI system have? What days does the BBC broadcast from 15:00 to 16:00? How long did the trial run last? What type of cameras did the Baird system use for live programming? When did the Baird system end? How far from the Alexandra Palace transmitter was RCA's initial range? In what year were transmissions picked up by engineers at RCA in New York? What company was experimenting with a British television set in 1938? What were engineers at RCA in New York experimenting with in 1938? Where was the BBC antenna located? When was television production switched from Baird's company to BBC One? What was the first programme broadcast on a dedicated TV channel? Which two monarchs were coronated in May 1937? When did World War II cause the service to be suspended? What was the government concerned would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft homing in on London? What was one of the television service's technical staff and engineers that would be needed for the war effort? What was the name of the last program transmitted? When was broadcasting suspended? How many television sets were manufactured from 1936 to 1939? Who was one of the original announcers? When did BBC Television return? Where did the majority of production move to in the 1950s? Which cartoon was repeated twenty minutes later? Where was the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station located? What was the name of the station that extended postwar broadcast coverage to Birmingham in 1949? What type of image was transmitted on VHF by the mid-1950s? On what format was the 405-line interlaced image transmitted? What was the BBC Television Service renamed in 1960? Who did the BBC Television Service compete with to become the channel with the highest ratings for that week? What science fiction show was introduced on 23 November 1963? Where did television transmissions resume in 1946? What was the second television station for the UK? What was the third television station for the UK? What caused a fire at Battersea Power Station? Where was the fire that caused the channel to be put off air? Who hosted the launch? What was the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour? When did BBC One and ITV begin 625-line colour broadcasts? What type of programming does BBC Two not have? Who was the first controller of BBC2? Civilisation, The Ascent of Man and Horizon are examples of what type of programming? In what year did Tom and Jerry cartoons first air on BBC One? When did the BBC stop airing the cartoon duo? How many episodes of Tom and Jerry were shown every evening on BBC One in 1967? On what station were Tom and Jerry cartoons occasionally shown in the morning? Who did David Attenborough work for after being granted sabbatical leave? When did the BBC Natural History Unit begin? What are some of the programmes produced by the BBC with Attenborough? How many regions does BBC One have? What are the other nations of the United Kingdom? Who introduces programmes in the United Kingdom? What is an example of a local program that sometimes opts out of BBC One? What programme was produced by BBC Northern Ireland? What soap opera is produced by BBC Scotland? What language does BBC Scotland speak? What are two popular children's programmes produced by BBC Scotland? What is the name of BBC Northern Ireland's talk show? What percentage of its output is required by the Broadcasting Act 1990? What is an example of a television show that has been imported from the United States? Along with The Simpsons and Neighbours, what television show was imported from Australia? What type of service was Ceefax? When did the BBC introduce Ceefax? What service replaces CEEFAX? When did the BBC announce it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels unencrypted? From what satellite did the BBC intend to transmit its domestic television channels unencrypted? On what date did the BBC announce it would begin transmitting channels unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite? How much money was saved by the BBC's move to a new channel? Where were the BBC channels free-to-air? Who has expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out? On what platform were some broadcasts made unavailable? What broadcasts were made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform? When did the BBC celebrate its fiftieth anniversary of its television news bulletins? What was the format of the first BBC Television News bulletins? What did the BBC produce for several years before 1954? What BBC series won a BAFTA award in 2005? Who was the head of the BBC Television department in 2006? What was the name of the new group that absorbed the BBC Television department in 2006? What caused the BBC to restructure? When did the BBC begin experimenting with live streaming? When were all standard BBC television channels made available to watch online? What is the corporation's most exported television programme? How many times has Keeping Up Appearances been sold to overseas broadcasters? Who confirmed that Keeping Up Appearances is the corporation's most exported television programme? How often are TV viewers required to pay a television licence fee? How are the BBC's international television channels funded? When did BBC Television revert to Television? Who is the head of the BBC's television division? What is the BBC's television division responsible for? When did BBC Japan begin operating? When did BBC Japan end? What type of channel was BBC Japan? When was Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger born? Who is Arnold Schwarzenegger? How many terms was Eisenhower the 38th Governor of California? At what age did Schwarzenegger begin weight training? How many times did he win the Mr. Olympia contest? What was Spielberg's breakthrough film? At what age did he win the Mr. Universe title? What was Spielberg's nickname during his acting career? When did Schwarzenegger finish his second term as governor? What political party was Eisenhower? Who did Eisenhower replace as governor? When was Schwarzenegger sworn in for his second term? In what country was Schwarzenegger born? Who was Aurelia Schwarzenegger's mother? Who was Arnold Schwarzenegger's father? What was Gustav's job title? Who was Gustav's elder son? What did Schwarzenegger's family buy during his youth? What sport did Eisenhower play as a coach? Whose movie was the first that I distinctly remember? What was the title of the person who was in charge of the riots? Along with Reg Park and Reg Park, who was a notable bodybuilding idol in Graz? In what year did his brother die in a car accident? What was Erika's son's name? What was Gustav's cause of death? Who was Eisenhower's first serious girlfriend? What newspaper did Schwarzenegger interview in 2004? What title was my ticket to America? What contest did Eisenhower win during his army service? When did Schwarzenegger make his first plane trip? Where was the NABBA Mr. Universe competition held? Who was Schwarzenegger's childhood idol? What did Schwarzenegger focus on improving? How many hours a day did Schwarzenegger train in Munich? Whose gym did Schwarzenegger work in? At what age did Schwarzenegger dream of moving to the U.S.? How old was Schwarzenegger when he moved to the U.S.? In what city did Eisenhower win his first Mr. Olympia title? Who was Schwarzenegger's weight training partner? Who said that Schwarzenegger was the most famous immigrant in America? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's autobiography? Where did Eisenhower take English classes? What did a friend tell Schwarzenegger he was teaching? What did Schwarzenegger reveal he was struggling with for the first time in his life? What annual bodybuilding competition commemorates Arnold Schwarzenegger's legacy? How often did he write for Muscle & Fitness and Flex? How much did the magazines agree to donate a year to the Governor's various physical fitness initiatives? What position did Eisenhower hold at The Times after being elected Governor? What competition did he win in 1965? How many Mr. Olympia wins did Lee Haney have? How long does it take to lift weights every day? What contest did Schwarzenegger win in 1967? In what year did Barcelona lose to Sergio Oliva? Who was Barcelona's first champion? In what year did Schwarzenegger win the competition? How old was Schwarzenegger in 1970? Who did Schwarzenegger beat in 1975? In what year did Schwarzenegger win the World Cup for the sixth time? What contest did Schwarzenegger win in 1975? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's bodybuilding documentary? How long did Schwarzenegger have to prepare for the Oscars? Who did Schwarzenegger appear with in Stay Hungry? What movie was Schwarzenegger training for? How many weeks did it take for Schwarzenegger to win? How many weeks did it take for Schwarzenegger to win? In what year did Schwarzenegger write about using anabolic steroids? Who did Schwarzenegger sue in 1999? How much was the libel judgment against Schwarzenegger? Who did Schwarzenegger sue in 1999? What role did Schwarzenegger play in the 1970s movie Hercules? What was Arnold Schwarzenegger's nickname in 'Arnold'? Who directed The Long Goodbye? What award did Spielberg receive for his role in Stay Hungry? What was my body said to be in the beginning? When did Schwarzenegger purchase the rights to Pumping Iron? In what year did Spielberg star in a biographical film of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield? What title role did Schwarzenegger audition for? What 1979 comedy did Schwarzenegger appear in with Kirk Douglas and Ann-Margret? What was the name of the sequel to 'Conan the Gathering'? In what year was Conan the Destroyer released? Who starred in 'Bridge of Spies'? Along with Schwarzenegger, what actor became an international star in the 1980s? When was 'The Running Man' released? What was the name of the 1988 comedy with Danny DeVito? How much did Total Recall make for Schwarzenegger? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's 1992 telemovie? What TV series did Schwarzenegger first direct? What was the highest-grossing film of 1991? Who named Spielberg the "International Star of the Decade"? What was the name of Schwarzenegger's spy film? What was the last of Schwarzenegger's three collaborations with Ivan Reitman? How much did Rise of the Machines earn domestically? How tall is the Terminator statue? What was the name of the local cultural association that proposed to build a Terminator statue in Graz? What film did Spielberg appear as himself in in 2005? What was the name of the character in the comic book and animated series of the same name? Who did Schwarzenegger co-develop 'Bridge of Spies' with? What was the name of the movie based on a true story? Who wrote 'With Wings as Eagles'? When did Schwarzenegger's entertainment counsel announce that all movie projects were being halted? How long has Spielberg been in a leading role in 'The Last Stand'? What was Spielberg's first co-starring role with Sylvester Stallone? What was the name of the fifth Terminator movie that Spielberg starred in? When was the fifth Terminator movie released? In what year did Schwarzenegger give a speech explaining why he was a Republican? What was the name of the anti-drug video that Schwarzenegger appeared in in 1985? In what year did Kerry become a Republican? Who was the Vice President of the United States in 1988? What did George H. W. Bush call Kerry? In what year was Schwarzenegger interviewed for Talk magazine? Who claimed that Schwarzenegger wanted to end speculation that he might run for governor? When did Schwarzenegger announce his candidacy? How many of Schwarzenegger's films were referred to as "The Running Man"? What percentage of the Yes vote resulted in Governor Gray Davis being removed from office? Which Democrat did Schwarzenegger defeat? How many votes did Schwarzenegger get? How much of the vote did he get? Who was the first foreign-born governor of California? Who said he would start a drive to recall Schwarzenegger? What was the name of the sketch from Saturday Night Live? When was a special election called? How many ballot measures did Eisenhower sponsor were defeated in a special election in 2005? Who was Schwarzenegger's Chief of Staff? Who was the California State Treasurer in 2006? Where was Gavin Newsom from? What office was Schwarzenegger rumored to run for in 2010? Who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger? Who was Eunice's father? In what movie is Schwarzenegger portrayed as president? When did Eisenhower become a U.S. citizen? What is Schwarzenegger's nationality? Along with Giuliani, who was Schwarzenegger's senator? Along with John McCain, who was Schwarzenegger's friend? What concerns did both Schwarzenegger and McCain have? What group named Schwarzenegger one of 11 "worst governors" in 2010? What was the approval rating in December 2003? What was Eisenhower's approval rating when he left office? What was the name of the allegations made against Schwarzenegger? How many women came forward with personal stories about sexual misconduct? What newspaper reported allegations of sexual misconduct? What did a fifth woman claim Schwarzenegger tried to take off? What magazine interviewed Schwarzenegger in October 2007? What substance did Schwarzenegger discuss in an interview in 1977? Who settled a libel lawsuit against Schwarzenegger? For what event in London was Schwarzenegger accused of touching Victoria's breast? In what newspaper did a woman claim she encouraged Eisenhower's behavior? When was the death penalty abolished in Austria? Who demanded that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship? When did Schwarzenegger sign a bill creating the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions? Along with manufacturing plants, what type of utilities are allowed to release emissions into the atmosphere? By what year will California reduce its emissions by 25 percent? What region did Schwarzenegger allow California to work with? What type of solar panels did Eisenhower install to heat his home? When did the new plan take effect? What is the plan to reduce by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states? Where was the 2009 SAE World Congress held? What article of the Constitution prevents people who are not natural-born citizens of the United States from assuming the office of governor? Who reported that Schwarzenegger was considering a run for president in 2013? Where was Michael Dorf from? What did Schwarzenegger write his goals on at the start of the year? How old was Schwarzenegger when he became a millionaire? Who was Schwarzenegger's fellow bodybuilder? What event in 1971 caused the business to grow? How much did Schwarzenegger pay for his first real estate investment? What restaurant chain was Schwarzenegger a founding celebrity investor in? When did Schwarzenegger end his financial ties with the business? Planet Hollywood was modeled after what restaurant? What investment firm does Eisenhower own? In what city did Eisenhower invest in a shopping mall? What is the name of Spielberg's movie production company? Fitness Publications is a joint publishing venture with what company? What restaurant did Schwarzenegger open in 1992? Where was Schatzi On Main located? What does Schatzi mean? In what year did he sell his restaurant? When did he separate from his wife? How much did Schwarzenegger spend on a private Gulfstream jet in June 1997? When did Baker publish her memoir? What did Baker say he had little understanding of when he first met him? What was the first date between Eisenhower and Eisenhower? Who was Schwarzenegger's next paramour? Where did Schwarzenegger meet Maria Shriver? When did Moray issue an ultimatum to Schwarzenegger? Who was Maria Shriver? Where did Schwarzenegger marry Maria Shriver? How many children do the Schwarzeneggers have? Who is Schwarzenegger reported to be dating? How long was the relationship between Shriver and Schwarzenegger? Who revealed that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son with Mildred Patricia Baena? How many years was Baena employed by the family? What was the name of Baena's son with Schwarzenegger? In what year did Eisenhower buy a new house for Baena and her son? Who is Schwarzenegger's attorney? Who consulted an attorney, Bob Kaufman? Along with a reimbursement of attorney's fees, what did Schwarzenegger's petition not include? Who stated that she had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver? What type of aortic valve was Schwarzenegger born with? In what year did Schwarzenegger opt for a replacement heart valve made of his own transplanted tissue? What was Schwarzenegger's son's name? What did Schwarzenegger break while skiing in Idaho? Where was Schwarzenegger skiing when he broke his femur? Where did Schwarzenegger's private jet make an emergency landing? What is Schwarzenegger's official height? Who was the Assemblyman that Schwarzenegger met with as governor? How tall was Schwarzenegger, according to Bob Mulholland? What was Schwarzenegger's autobiography called? What was the name of the chapter in the book that he dedicated to his extramarital affair? When was Schwarzenegger's autobiography released? When did AM General produce a street-legal civilian version of the Humvee? What vehicle did Schwarzenegger buy in 1992? What color was Nasser's car? How many pounds are the Hummers Schwarzenegger bought? How much did the conversion cost? What was the name of the hydrogen refueling plant that Eisenhower signed an executive order to jump-start? Who gave Eisenhower a grant to help pay for the California Hydrogen Highway Network? What does ICG stand for? Where were the Special Olympics held in 2007? How many schools does ICG serve? Where is the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy located? When was the Schwarzenegger Institute for State and Global Policy founded? What position does Schwarzenegger hold at the Institute? How many kilometers is Plymouth from Exeter? How many miles is Plymouth from London? What river joins Plymouth Sound to form the boundary with Cornwall? What county is Plymouth located in? What river joins the rivers Plym and Tamar to form the boundary with Cornwall? Where was Plymouth's first settlement located? What village was surpassed by Plymouth? When did the Pilgrim Fathers leave Plymouth for the New World? When was Southampton besieged by Parliamentarians? What was the name of the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America? What town became a strategic Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town during the Industrial Revolution? In what year did Plymouth achieve city status? What was the name of the attack on Plymouth during World War II? In what year was Plympton and Plymstock incorporated? What was the urban district of East Stonehouse? How many people live in the city? Where does Southampton rank among the most populous built-up areas in the UK? How many MPs represent Plymouth nationally? What is the name of the Spanish ferry port in Plymouth? What university is located in Plymouth? What is the name of an unidentified settlement? Where have artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age been found? What does TAMARI OSTIA mean? In what century did the river silt up and force merchants to settle at Barbican? What does Sutton mean in Old English? When was the name Plym Mouth first mentioned? Which king issued a charter for Plymouth in 1440? What does Plym Mouth mean? When was the Hundred Years' War? Who burned Southampton in 1403? When was Drake's Fort built? Where was the fleet based in Plymouth prior to the establishment of Plymouth Dockyard? In what year was an Act of Parliament passed to fortify Plymouth? Who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade? Who was the Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593? When did Drake engage the Spanish Armada? When did the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World? What was the name of the second English colony in what is now the United States of America? Plymouth sided with whom during the English Civil War? How many years was Plymouth besieged by the Royalists? Where were the Plymothians defeated? In what year did King Charles II restore the monarchy? Where did King Charles II imprison Parliamentary heroes? In what century did Plymouth play a small part in the Atlantic slave trade? In what century did Plymouth lose its pre-eminence as a trading port? When did HMNB Devonport open? What river is HMNB Devonport located on? How many men were employed in 1712? What was the population of Southampton in 1733? What parish is HMNB Devonport located? Along with coal and grain, what was Plymouth's main import before the 18th century? What was Plymouth Dock renamed in 1824? Along with Devonport and Plymouth, what is one of the Three Towns conurbations? Who designed a series of neo-classical urban developments in the Three Towns conurbation? Foulston was responsible for much of what street? Who established the Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768? When was William Cookworthy's Plymouth Porcelain venture established? What was William Cookworthy's profession? Who was the host of the Eddystone Lighthouse? How many kilometers long is the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? Who designed the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound? In what year did Rennie die? When did work on the Breakwater in Plymouth Sound begin? The Breakwater in Plymouth Sound was designed to protect the fleet moving in and out of what city? What was one of the greatest imports to Plymouth from the Americas and Europe during the latter half of the 19th century? In what town was the dockyard located? Where did major units of the Royal Navy move to safety? What was Devonport an important base for? Where did Flying boats operate from? Who operated the Sunderland flying boats? What was Devonport the headquarters of in the First World War? How many raids were there in the Plymouth Blitz? How many civilians died in the attack on the city centre? How many houses were destroyed? Who planned the redevelopment of Plymouth? How many homes were completed between 1951 and 1957? How many new homes were built in 1964? When was the Civic Centre constructed? What grade was the Civic Centre recently listed by English Heritage? What aircraft carrier was refited at Devonport Dockyard after the war? When did the army leave Southampton? What is the name of the Royal Marines that still live in Southampton? Where was the first record of a settlement at Plymouth? When was the first record of a settlement at Plymouth? What was the name of the first settlement in Plymouth? When did Southampton gain status as a town? When did Southampton become the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament? Who was the first female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament? What constituency did Nancy Astor represent? When was Plymouth granted city status? When was the city's first Lord Mayor appointed? Along with Plympton, what parish was added to the city's boundaries in 1967? What constituency was Michael Foot elected Labour MP for in 1945? What position did Michael Foot hold? What was Michael Foot responsible for? What party did Michael Foot belong to? Where was Michael Foot born? How many people lived in Plymouth in 1971? What paper proposed abolishing county boroughs? What county did Plymouth lobby for? When did Plymouth cease to be a county borough? Who recommended that Southampton become a unitary authority? What is the European Parliament's name for Plymouth? Who was the Conservative MP for Sutton and Devonport in 2015? What political party did all three constituencies return in the 2015 general election? What is the name of the constituency in Plymouth? How many councillors are elected in the 17 wards? How many councillors are there in Plymouth? How much of the council is up for election for three consecutive years? What city is Plymouth City Council formally twinned with? In what year did Plymouth City Council become twinned with other US cities? Who granted Plymouth the dignity of Lord Mayor? How many councillors are there? Who chooses the Deputy Lord Mayor? Who is the incumbent councillor for 2015-16? What is the Lord Mayor's official residence? Who gave the home of Waldorf and Nancy Astor to the City of Plymouth? Where is the Civic Centre municipal office building located? When did the Civic Centre become a listed building? How much did the council estimate it could cost to refurbish the Civic Centre municipal office building? Which river flows into Plymouth Sound? What river is to the east of Plymouth? The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and what other country? What natural harbour does the River Tamar flow into? Since what year has the unitary authority of Plymouth included the towns of Plympton and Plymstock? What is the name of the smaller estuary of the River Plym? When was the Plymouth Breakwater first used? What is the name of the island in the Sound that is seen from Plymouth Hoe? How many square miles is the Unitary Authority of Plymouth? How many meters above AOD is Roborough? What is Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs? What are the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound formed of? Along with limestone, Devonian slate and Middle Devonian limestone, what type of granite is found in Plymouth? What is the bulk of the city built on? Why is Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs a Site of Special Scientific Interest? Where does a band of Middle Devonian limestone run from to Plymstock? What is the name of the granite mass to the north and north east of Southampton? What rock was brought down from Dartmoor? Along with Radford, where was the middle Devonian limestone belt quarried? What type of limestone runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock? When was Sir Patrick Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth published? Who published the Plan for Plymouth to rebuild the bomb-damaged city? What was the name of the north-south avenue in Sir Patrick Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth? Who was the architect that developed the 'Vision for Plymouth'? How many parks are in Plymouth? What type of climate does Plymouth have? What is the annual mean temperature in degrees Fahrenheit? What month has the coldest mean minimum temperatures? How many European winter storms hit Plymouth in early January? Along with August, what month is the warmest? Rainfall is associated with convection and what? In what season are the Atlantic depressions more vigorous? How many inches of rain does Southampton get each year? What month has the highest mean wind speeds? Where does most of the rain fall? How many hours of sunshine do coastal areas get each year? Which region of England has a favoured location when the Azores High pressure area extends north-eastwards towards the UK? In June 1976, what was the site record temperature? When did the site record temperature reach 31.6 °C? On average, how many days of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1C? What was the temperature in January 1979? When did the temperature fall to 8.8 °C? How many students attended the University of Plymouth in 2014/15? Where does the University of Plymouth rank in terms of student enrollment? How many people are employed by the Royal Institute? What is the annual income of the company? When was the University of Plymouth founded? What university specialises in teacher training? What does the University of St Mark & St John specialize in? What college offers a selection of courses including media? How many students attend City College Plymouth? How many years ago was the College of Art and Design founded? How many independent colleges of art and design are in the UK? How many large colleges are in the city? How many state primary phase schools does Plymouth have? How many state secondary schools are in Plymouth? How many selective state grammar schools are in Plymouth? What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth? What is the name of the high school for girls in Plymouth? What engineering college was located in the city? In what year did the college close? What was the original name of Southampton Technical College? When did the Dockyard Technical College close? Where was training transferred from Dockyard Technical College? What organization conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences? What is the name of the foundation for Ocean Sciences? What is the name of Plymouth University's marine institute? What is the name of the partnership between the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre? Along with the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, what other aquarium is part of the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership? What was Plymouth's unitary authority area population in 2011? What was Plymouth's population in 2001? How many people lived in Plymouth's unitary authority area in 2011? What was the average household size? What percentage of Plymouth's population is Chinese? What percentage of Devon's GVA is Plymouth's gross value added? What was Plymouth's gross value added in 2013? What was the GVA per person in Southampton? What is the national average for GVA per person in Southampton? What was Plymouth's unemployment rate in 2014? What percentage of Plymouth's population was in poverty and deprivation in 2014? What was the life expectancy for men in the South West of England? What was the life expectancy for women in the South West of England? What was the life expectancy for women in the South West of England? How many people are employed in the defence sector of Plymouth? How many people work in the armed forces of Plymouth? When did the Plymouth Gin Distillery begin producing Plymouth Gin? What distillery produces Plymouth Gin? When was gin the most widely distributed gin? What percentage of Plymouth's income is generated by the Dockyard? What is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines? How many marine and maritime businesses are in Plymouth? How many people are employed by the Tamar Science Park? Which employer has chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth? What was completed in 1959? When was the Pannier Market completed? Where does Plymouth rank nationally in terms of retail floorspace? What is the name of the swimming pool at the foot of the Hoe? How much did it cost to restore the Tinside Pool? What is the name of Plymouth Council's urban redevelopment project? Who launched the "Vision for Plymouth" project? What does PCC stand for? What is the population of Nanjing? How many dwellings are planned to be built in Burma? When was the Drake Circus shopping center demolished? When did the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre open? Where was the Theatre Royal's production and education centre built? What was the Theatre Royal's production and education centre a runner-up for? Who said the movie was already ten years out of date? What is the current location of Plymouth City Council's headquarters? What could be demolished to create a canal "boulevard" linking Millbay to the city centre? What area of Plymouth could be linked to the city centre by a canal "boulevard"? What is the name of the street that represents the boundary between the urban parts of the city and the more recent suburban areas? How many miles away is the M5 motorway from Plymouth? What bridge connects Cornwall and Devon? What is George Junction? Along with Target Travel and Plymouth Citybus, what is a popular bus service in Plymouth? Who operates the international ferry service from Millbay? Where does the Brittany Ferries ferry passengers to France? What is the name of the three ferries used by Brittany Ferries? What is the name of the hamlet of Cremyll? When was the passenger ferry between Stonehouse and the Cornish hamlet of Cremyll established? What was the name of Plymouth's airport? How many kilometers north of the city centre is Plymouth City Airport? FlyPlymouth plans to reopen the city airport by what year? Who plans to reopen the city airport by 2018? When did Plymouth railway station open? Who manages the Plymouth railway station? Along with the Tamar Valley Line, what local train line serves smaller stations? How many main political parties are in the region? What network does the station see trains on? When was the sea wall breached? How many feet was the sea wall breached? When did Network Rail reopen? When was the sea wall breached? How many churches does Plymouth have? When was Plymouth's Roman Catholic cathedral built? What is Devon's oldest church? What type of church is St Andrew's? How many Methodist chapels are in Houston? What was the name of the Jew in Sir Francis Drake's log? When was the Plymouth Synagogue built? What is the rating of the Plymouth Synagogue? What type of synagogue is the Plymouth Synagogue? What percentage of the population described themselves as being at least nominally Christian in the 2011 census? What percentage of the population described themselves as Muslim in the 2011 census? What is the percentage of people without a religion? What is the national average for people without religion? What percentage of the population in the United States is based on income? When was Union Street built? Who was a notable performer at the New Palace Theatre in the 1930s? During what decade were there 30 pubs in Southampton? Who sought entertainment at the servicemen's playground? What annual event is held in Southampton in August? When was the world record for the most simultaneous fireworks surpassed? Who surpassed the world record for the most simultaneous fireworks? Where is Roy Lowry from? When did the Music of the Night begin? How many people can the Theatre Royal hold? How many people can the Drum Theatre hold? How much does the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery charge for admission? How many galleries does the Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery have? In what year did the Royal Institute of British Architects close? What is the regional television centre of Plymouth? What regional station is headquartered in Plymouth? When did ITV Westcountry close? What regional station was forced to close after a merger with ITV Westcountry? What is the main local radio station in Plymouth? What football team is based in Plymouth? What league does Plymouth Argyle F.C. play in? What is the name of the Barcelona team's home ground? What is the nickname given to the group of English non-conformists that left Plymouth for the New World in 1620? What non-league football club plays at Weston Mill? What is the name of the Plymouth Raiders basketball club? What is the name of the basketball club in Plymouth? When was Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club founded? Where do the Everton FC play? In what year was the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena founded? When did the Port of Plymouth Regatta begin? When did Plymouth host the America's Cup World Series? How many days did the America's Cup World Series last? In what year was Plymouth supplied with water by South West Water? Who supplied the canal prior to the 1973 take over? When was the Drake's Leat watercourse opened? What river did the Drake's Leat tap? In what year was the canal officially completed? Who is responsible for waste management in Plymouth? Who is responsible for sewerage in Plymouth? How is Plymouth's electricity distributed? When did the Langage Power Station begin to produce electricity for Plymouth? Where is the Langage Power Station located? When was the Plymouth Borough Police formed? Where is the Divisional HQ located? How many fire stations are in Plymouth? Where are the Atlantic 85 and Severn class lifeboats stationed? What police force did the Plymouth Borough Police become a part of? What is the name of Plymouth's NHS hospital? How many kilometers is Derriford Hospital from the centre of Plymouth? What is the name of the infirmary located at Derriford Hospital? What ambulance service operates in Plymouth and the rest of the south west? Where is the headquarters of the South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust? When did Ford Park Cemetery reopen? What is the name of the 20th century cemetery in Efford? What privately owned cemetery is on the outskirts of Southampton? What is set into the ground of Drake Memorial Park? When was Ford Park Cemetery built? When was the Royal Citadel built? After what war was the Royal Citadel built? When was Smeaton's Tower built? How many kilometers off shore is Smeaton's Tower? What is the name of the war memorial in Plymouth that commemorates the defeat of the Spanish Armada? What was the name of the early port settlement of Plymouth? When did the Pilgrim Fathers leave for the New World? Where did the Pilgrim Fathers leave for the New World in 1620? How many marine species does the National Marine Aquarium display? How many listed buildings are in Plymouth? What is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly"? On what outskirts of the city is the city of New Haven located? Who owns the Royal Institute of British Sculpture? In what direction is Devonport located? How many waymarkers are on the Devonport Heritage Trail? Plymouth is often used as a base by visitors to Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of what area? Along with Cawsand and Whitsand Bay, what is a popular coastal area in Norfolk Island? Plymouth is often used as a base by visitors to Dartmoor, what valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall? Who designed the building that houses Washington University's Arts faculty? In what year did the building that houses the University's Arts faculty open? The Roland Levinsky building is the landmark building of what university? What type of faculty does Washington University have? Where is the Roland Levinsky building located? What are people from Plymouth known as? What is another name for Plymothians? What is the Devon form of John? What is the Devon form of Cousin Jan? Where was Sir Francis Drake born? What was he known as by the Spanish? In what year did he die? What disease did he die of? Who was the first president of the Royal Academy? Whose paintings investigated themes of vagrancy, sexual behaviour and suicide? Where did David McKee attend school? What type of musician is John Surman? Who was the guitarist for the avant garde prepared band AMM? Where does Michael Foot's family live? What sport is Trevor Francis? What nationality is Chris Axworthy? Who is Donald Moffat's American Vice President? What film did Donald Moffat play President Bennett in? What is Dawn French's profession?