Who was the champion of the American Football Conference in 2015?
Who did the Denver Broncos defeat to win their third Super Bowl title?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
Who was the champion of the American Football Conference in 2015?
What was the color of the coin?
What did the league emphasize in the 50th Super Bowl?
When was the game played?
What league did the Denver Broncos belong to?
What did the league emphasize in the 50th Super Bowl?
What league did the Denver Broncos belong to?
When was the game played?
Who was the champion of the American Football Conference in 2015?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
What was the name of the Super Bowl game with Roman numerals?
In what year did the AFL lose the Super Bowl?
In what year did the AFL lose the Super Bowl?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
What was the final score of the Super Bowl?
When was the game played?
In what year did the AFL lose the Super Bowl?
Who was the champion of the American Football Conference in 2015?
Who did the Denver Broncos defeat to win their third Super Bowl title?
Who was the champion of the American Football Conference in 2015?
In what year did the AFL lose the Super Bowl?
Who was the champion of the American Football Conference in 2015?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
What was the name of the American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League?
Who was the champion of the American Football Conference in 2015?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
How many Super Bowl appearances did the Panthers have?
When was the Broncos founded?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny them a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny them a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Broncos deny them a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
How many teams have appeared in the Super Bowl?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the record of the Panthers in the regular season?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
What was the record of the Broncos in the regular season?
How many teams did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos deny them a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many wins did the Broncos have in the regular season?
Who did the Broncos deny them a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Broncos deny them a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
Who was named the NFL Most Valuable Player?
Who did the Panthers defeat in the NFC Championship Game?
When was the Broncos founded?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many sacks did Von Miller have in Super Bowl 50?
Who took an early lead in Super Bowl 50?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have in the Super Bowl?
How did the Broncos respond to Newton?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton in Super Bowl 50?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
How many forced fumbles did Von Miller have in the Super Bowl?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
What was Von Miller's job title?
How many times did the Broncos lead in the Super Bowl?
How many sacks did Von Miller have in Super Bowl 50?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many times did the Broncos lead in the Super Bowl?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton in Super Bowl 50?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
What did the Broncos recover for a touchdown in Super Bowl 50?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
What was Von Miller's job title?
How many times did the Broncos sack Newton in Super Bowl 50?
How many turnovers did the Broncos force Newton into?
Who was named Super Bowl MVP?
How many solo tackles did Von Miller have in the Super Bowl?
What network broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who performed in the halftime show?
Along with the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, what Super Bowl did Coldplay headline?
What network broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Bruno Mars and Coldplay, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé and Coldplay, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What network broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
Along with Beyoncé and Coldplay, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
What was the most watched U.S. broadcast ever?
What network broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who performed in the halftime show?
What network broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?
What British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who performed in the halftime show?
Along with the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, what Super Bowl did Coldplay headline?
How much did CBS charge for a 30-second commercial during the game?
What British rock group headlined the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who performed in the halftime show?
Along with Beyoncé and Coldplay, who performed in the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
What event did the league plan to makespectacular in 2012?
In what year did Roger Goodell say that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
When did Roger Goodell say that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
Who is the commissioner of the NFL?
What did Roger Goodell call the 50th Super Bowl?
What did Roger Goodell call the 50th Super Bowl?
In what year did Roger Goodell say that the league planned to make the 50th Super Bowl "spectacular"?
Along with Miami's Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium, what stadium did the league narrow the bids to?
Along with New Orleans and San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium, what stadium did the AFL choose to host?
What stadium did the league narrow the bids to?
Along with Miami, what stadium did the AFL consider for Miami?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
Along with Miami, what stadium did the AFL consider for Miami?
What three sites did the league narrowed the bids to?
How many sites did the league narrowed the bids to?
Along with Miami's Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium, in what city was the Mercedes-Benz Superdome located?
Along with Miami, what stadium did the AFL consider for Miami?
In what city is Levi's Stadium located?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
Along with Miami, what stadium did the AFL consider for Miami?
What is the name of the stadium in New Orleans?
What is the name of the San Francisco Bay Area stadium?
When did the league announce the two finalists for the Super Bowl?
How many times has Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
In what year was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host the Super Bowl?
Along with Levi's Stadium, what stadium did the league decide to host in 2012?
When did the league announce the two finalists for the Super Bowl?
Where did the San Francisco Bay Area host the Super Bowl in 1985?
When did the Florida legislature refuse to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
In what year was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
How many finalists were there for the Super Bowl?
What was the most recent Super Bowl held in Miami?
How many finalists were there for the Super Bowl?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host the Super Bowl?
Which city has hosted the Super Bowl 10 times?
When did the league announce the two finalists for the Super Bowl?
How many times has Miami hosted the Super Bowl?
Which city has hosted the Super Bowl 10 times?
In what year did the San Francisco Bay Area last host the Super Bowl?
Who refused to approve the funding plan to pay for the renovations?
When did the NFL vote to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
Who voted to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
Where did Super Bowl XXVII take place in 2003?
Where did the NFL owners vote to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did the NFL vote to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
Which Super Bowl took place in San Diego in 2003?
Where did Super Bowl XXVII take place in 2003?
In what year did the NFL vote to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
In what year was Super Bowl XIX held in San Francisco?
Which Super Bowl took place in San Diego in 2003?
When did the NFL vote to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
In what year was the first Super Bowl held in San Diego?
Where did the NFL owners vote to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did the NFL vote to award the game to Levi's Stadium?
When did Levi's Stadium open?
How much did Levi's Stadium cost?
When was the last Super Bowl held in San Diego?
Who coached the Carolina Panthers in their last Super Bowl appearance?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
How many teams have acquired a 15-1 record?
Who was one of only ten teams to have completed a regular season with only one loss?
What Super Bowl did the Broncos reach?
Who coached the Carolina Panthers in their last Super Bowl appearance?
How many appearances did the Denver Broncos have in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have completed a regular season with only one loss?
What was the last time the number one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have acquired a 15-1 record?
What was the number of seeds from both conferences in the Super Bowl?
What was the number of seeds from both conferences in the Super Bowl?
What Super Bowl did the Broncos reach?
What was the last time the number one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have acquired a 15-1 record?
What was the number of seeds from both conferences that met in the Super Bowl?
How many teams have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl?
Who coached the Carolina Panthers in their last Super Bowl appearance?
What longtime running back did the Panthers waive in the preseason?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
How many regular season games did the Carolina Panthers win?
In what year did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had its best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many All-Pro selections did the Carolina Panthers have?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
In what year did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
In what year did the Carolina Panthers record their best regular season record in franchise history?
In what year did the Green Bay Packers lose to the Carolina Panthers?
What injury did Kelvin Benjamin suffer in the preseason?
Who did the Panthers lose to a torn ACL in the preseason?
What longtime running back did the Panthers waive in the preseason?
In what year did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
What team had its best regular season in franchise history?
When did the league expand to a 16-game schedule?
What team had its best regular season in franchise history?
How many players were selected to the Pro Bowl?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many total touchdowns did Newton have?
How many rushing touchdowns did Newton have?
How many punts did Newton return?
Who was the leading receiver for the Panthers?
How many total touchdowns did Newton have?
What was Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many passes did Greg Olsen catch?
What was the leading position in the Panthers offense?
Who led the Panthers with 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
Who had one of his best seasons?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw for?
How many total touchdowns did Newton have?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many points did the Panthers score?
How many yards did Cam Newton throw for?
How many total touchdowns did Newton have?
What was Newton's career-best quarterback rating?
How many touchdowns did Ted Ginn, Jr. catch?
How many points did the Panthers defense give up?
How many career sacks did Jared Allen have?
How many sacks did Kuechly have?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
Who led the team in sacks with 11?
How many interceptions did the Panthers have?
Who led the team in sacks with 11?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
How many Pro Bowl selections did the Panthers have?
Who led the Panthers defense with a career high seven interceptions?
How many interceptions did the Panthers have?
Along with Jared Allen, what defensive end had 5 sacks in just 9 starts?
Along with Thomas Davis, who was the Panthers third starting linebacker to play in the Pro Bowl?
How many fumbles did Kawann Short recover?
Who was hired as the new head coach?
Who was the new head coach of the Broncos?
With what team did the Denver Broncos have their worst statistical season?
Which team did the Broncos lose 13-7 to?
Who was the new head coach of the Broncos?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win?
Who was hired as the new head coach?
With what team did the Denver Broncos have their worst statistical season?
How old was Peyton Manning in the 2015 off-season?
What was the name of the injury that led to the resignation of the head coach?
Who was hired as the new head coach?
Who did the Broncos plan to use zone blocking to blend in with?
What was the cause of the decline in the Broncos' statistical season?
How old was Peyton Manning in the 2015 off-season?
How many divisional championships did John Fox win?
Who was the head coach of the Denver Broncos in 2013?
Who did the Broncos plan to use zone blocking to blend in with?
Who was hired as the new head coach?
What part of the body did the Broncos suffer a plantar fasciitis injury?
Who was the new head coach of the Broncos?
What was the career-low passer rating for Osweiler?
How many interceptions did Osweiler have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler throw?
What was the career-low passer rating for Osweiler?
How many yards did Osweiler throw for?
How many touchdowns did Osweiler throw?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
What is Demaryius Thomas' job?
What was the career-low passer rating for Osweiler?
How many interceptions did Osweiler have?
Who led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns?
How many receptions did Demaryius Thomas have?
What was the career-low passer rating for Osweiler?
How many interceptions did Osweiler have?
Who caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores?
Who was the team's leading rusher?
What was the average yards per carry average for the Seahawks?
How many yards did the Broncos' defense rank in the NFL for the first time in franchise history?
How many sacks did Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each have?
Who led the team in total tackles with 109?
How many fumbles did Von Miller recover?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play in the Pro Bowl?
What position did DeMarcus Ware play in the Pro Bowl?
Along with Wolfe and Malik Jackson, what part of the Broncos' defense had 5½ sacks?
How many points did the Broncos' defense allow in the 2013 season?
Who led the team with 11 sacks, forced four fumbles and recovered three?
Who led the team in total tackles with 109?
How many fumbles did Von Miller recover?
Who led the team with 11 sacks, forced four fumbles and recovered three?
Who led the team in total tackles with 109?
Who had 5½ sacks?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers racking up in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the divisional round?
How did the Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
How did the Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round?
How many yards did the Panthers racking up in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many turnovers did the Panthers force in the divisional round?
Who did the Panthers beat in the divisional round?
What was the final score of the NFC Championship Game for the Panthers?
Who did the Panthers beat in the NFC Championship Game?
How many yards did the Panthers racking up in the NFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Who did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
What was the final score of the game for the Broncos?
How long did it take for the Broncos to beat the New England Patriots?
Who defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
How did the Broncos defeat the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds left on the clock did the Broncos intercept a New England 2-point conversion attempt with?
Who had problems with interceptions during the season?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the game?
Who did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
Who did the Broncos defeat in the divisional round?
Who did the Broncos beat in the AFC Championship Game?
How many seconds left on the clock did the Broncos intercept a New England 2-point conversion attempt with?
Who went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game?
What did Thomas Davis go down with in the NFC Championship Game?
How many ACL tears did Thomas Davis have in his career?
How many years did Thomas Davis play?
Thomas Davis had already overcome what in his career?
What did Thomas Davis break in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years did Thomas Davis play?
Thomas Davis insisted he would still find a way to play in what game?
How many ACL tears did Thomas Davis have in his career?
What did Thomas Davis suffer in the NFC Championship Game?
How many years did Thomas Davis play?
Who went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game?
How old is Peyton Manning?
Who holds the record for the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How old was John Elway when he led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What position is held by John Elway?
Which team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Which team did John Elway lead to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who holds the record for the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
How old was John Elway when he led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
How many different teams did Peyton Manning lead?
How many different teams did Peyton Manning lead?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
Who holds the record for the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
Which Super Bowl did Elway lead the Broncos to victory?
Who was the first quarterback to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls?
How old is Peyton Manning?
Who holds the record for the oldest quarterback to play in a Super Bowl?
In what year was Manning the #1 selection in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first?
How old was Newton when he played in the Super Bowl?
What is the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
Along with Newton, who was the #1 pick in the 2011 draft?
Who was the #1 selection in the 1998 NFL draft?
Who was the #1 pick in 2011?
How old was Newton when he played in the Super Bowl?
What was the first Super Bowl to feature a who was the #1 pick in their draft classes?
In what year was Manning the #1 selection in the NFL draft?
In what year was Newton picked first?
Along with Newton, who was the #1 pick in the 2011 draft?
In what year was Newton picked first?
How old was Newton when he played in the Super Bowl?
What is the record for the largest age difference between opposing Super Bowl quarterbacks?
In what Super Bowl did Kubiak play for the Chicago Bears?
What team did Rivera play for in Super Bowl XX?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowl XXI and XXIV?
What team did Elway play for in Super Bowl XXI?
What position did Rivera play for the Chicago Bears?
Who did Kubiak replace at the end of the Broncos' defeats in Super Bowl XXI and XXIV?
Who was a linebacker with the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX?
In what Super Bowl did Kubiak play for the Chicago Bears?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in 2015?
What type of turf was used in the first Super Bowl?
Who is the field director of the Atlanta Braves?
What team's kicker collapsed during a week 6 game in 2015?
Who was Justin Tucker?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in 2015?
Who was Justin Tucker?
What was the new playing surface used for the Super Bowl?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in 2015?
What did the NFL re-sodd the field with?
What was the new playing surface for the Super Bowl?
What did some players need to change during the game?
Who was the kicker for the Baltimore Ravens in 2015?
What type of stadium is Levi's Stadium?
Which team did Elway decide to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants?
How did the Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jersey did the Broncos wear on their road?
When did the Broncos last wear white?
When did the Broncos last wear white?
How did the Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII?
Who did the Broncos defeat in Super Bowl XXXIII?
What color jersey did the Broncos wear on their road?
What did the Broncos wear with matching white pants?
Who was the only other team to wear white as the home team in the Super Bowl?
When did the Broncos last wear white?
What color jersey did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXI?
What color jersey did the Broncos wear in Super Bowl XXIII?
What did the Broncos wear on their road white jerseys?
What practice facility did the Panthers use?
Where did the Broncos practice at?
Where did the Panthers use their practice facility?
What Marriott did the Broncos stay at?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice at Stanford University?
Where did the Panthers use to practice?
Where did the Broncos practice at?
Where did the Panthers use to practice?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice at?
Where did the Broncos practice at Stanford University?
Where did the Panthers use their practice facility?
Where did the Panthers stay?
Where did the Broncos practice at?
Where did the Broncos practice at Stanford University?
When was the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals suspended?
When was the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals established?
Who was the league's vice president of brand and creative?
When was the standardized logo template introduced?
Who did the NFL temporarily suspend using Roman numerals?
In what year was the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals temporarily suspended?
When will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
What was the name of the Super Bowl logo that was temporarily suspended?
What color were the large numerals in the Super Bowl logo?
When was the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals suspended?
What did the NFL change the name of Super Bowl 50 to?
What did the NFL change the name of Super Bowl 50 to?
What color were the large numerals in the Super Bowl logo?
When will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated?
In what language was the game named?
Which Super Bowl will the use of Roman numerals be reinstated for?
What color was used in promotions to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"?
On what week did all sideline jackets and hats feature gold-trimmed logos?
How many yards were on the field in the 2015 Super Bowl?
What color was used in promotions to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"?
What color was used in promotions to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"?
What did the gold-themed promotions and initiatives tie into?
What was given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl?
What part of the field was colored gold?
What color was used in promotions to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
Where is the Moscone Center located?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Who unsuccessfully lobbied for the NFL to reimburse San Francisco for city services?
When did "Super Bowl City" open?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
What is the name of the city that hosts the Super Bowl?
Where was the annual NFL Experience held?
What is the name of the city that hosts the Super Bowl?
Who is the mayor of San Francisco?
What is the name of the city that hosts the Super Bowl?
How many people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week?
Who said that the homeless presence in San Francisco was going to have to leave?
How much did the NFL want to pay for city services?
What event was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco?
Where is Bellomy Field located?
How much money is there in other ancillary events?
How long is the event at the Santa Clara Convention Center?
How much money is there in other ancillary events?
What is the name of the event that will aid in finding business sponsors?
Who may need to help fund the event?
Where is the beer, wine and food festival held at Santa Clara University?
What will aid in finding business sponsors and individual donors?
Who may need to help fund the event?
How much money is there in other ancillary events?
Who may need to help fund the event?
On what day was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
On what day was the game's media day held?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
What did the opening ceremony feature a replica of?
On what day was the game's media day held?
On what day was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What was the game's media day re-branded as?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
When was the game's media day held?
What was the original name of the event held on February 1, 2016?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
What did the opening ceremony feature a replica of?
On what day was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What was the original name of the event held on February 1, 2016?
Where was the Super Bowl held?
What landmark was featured in the opening ceremony?
When was Super Bowl Opening Night held?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much money has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee raised?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap and Chevron, what company has supported the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, and Dignity Health, what company sponsors the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
Along with Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, and Dignity Health, what company sponsors the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
What organization has openly sought disabled veteran and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender-owned businesses in Business Connect?
How much money has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee raised?
Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity Health are some of the sponsors of the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
What is the name of the program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl?
How much money has the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee raised?
How much of all money does the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee dedicate to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative that the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee created?
How much of all money does the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee pledge to donate to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative that the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee created?
What does the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee vow to be?
How much of all money does the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee pledge to donate to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative that the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee created?
How much of all money does the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee pledge to donate to philanthropic causes?
What is the name of the philanthropic initiative that the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee created?
What is the name of the Trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive?
How manykarat gold-plated "50" will the winner of Super Bowl 50 receive?
How many lb does the "50" weigh?
Who designed the "50"?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy does all Super Bowl champions receive?
What is the size of the "50"?
Who designed the "50"?
What trophy does all Super Bowl champions receive?
Who designed the "50"?
Who broadcast the game in the United States?
Along with Jim Nantz and Tracy Wolfson, who was the lead broadcast team of the AFL?
Along with Evan Washburn and Jim Nantz, who was on the sidelines during the game?
How many cameras were on the upper deck during the game?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
How many main broadcast television partners did CBS have during the Super Bowl?
Where were Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the game?
The EyeVision 360 provides what kind of view of plays?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
Where were Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the game?
Who broadcast the game in the United States?
How many main broadcast television partners did CBS have during the Super Bowl?
Who broadcast the game in the United States?
Who were the lead broadcast team of the AFL?
Who was on the sidelines during the game?
What resolution were the cameras upgraded to for Super Bowl 50?
Along with microphones and EyeVision 360, what did CBS introduce during the game?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for the game?
Along with Raul Allegre and John Sutcliffe, who was on the ESPN Deportes Monday Night Football commentary crew?
When did ESPN Deportes announce that they had reached an agreement with CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the game?
In what language did ESPN Deportes broadcast the game?
Along with ESPN Deportes and the NFL, who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the game?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who was the sideline reporter for the game?
Who was the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the Super Bowl?
Who did ESPN Deportes' Monday Night Football commentary crew consist of?
Who was the sideline reporter for the game?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
Where was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast made available?
What website did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Along with tablets, Windows 10, and Roku, on what console did CBS Sports apps broadcast on?
Along with tablets, Windows, and Xbox One, on what console did CBS Sports apps appear on?
What website did CBS provide digital streams of the game?
Along with tablets, Windows 10, and Roku, on what console did CBS Sports apps broadcast on?
Who was able to watch the game on their smartphones?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What telecommunications company provided streaming on smartphones?
What service was only available to Verizon Wireless customers?
What did CBS provide via CBS Sports.com?
What telecommunications company provided streaming on smartphones?
How was the ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast made available?
What was the name of the special episode that aired after the game?
Along with The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, what show did CBS broadcast after the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the special episode that aired after the game?
Along with The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, what show did CBS broadcast after the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the special episode that aired after the game?
What did CBS take a break for after the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the special episode that CBS aired after the Super Bowl?
What was the base rate for a 30-second ad?
What company was the final year in a multi-year contract with for a 30-second ad?
What was the name of the major sponsor of the Super Bowl?
How many years did the Super Bowl take place?
What was the base rate for a 30-second ad?
What company was the final year in a multi-year contract with for a 30-second ad?
What was the name of the major sponsor of the Super Bowl?
Along with The Pokémon Company, what company aired a Super Bowl ad?
What company did CBS set the base rate for a 30-second ad at?
What company was the final year in a multi-year contract with for a 30-second ad?
What was the name of the major sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What company was the final year in a multi-year contract with for a 30-second ad?
What was the name of the major sponsor of the Super Bowl?
What was the name of the contest that allowed advertisers to create their own Doritos ads?
What contest did QuickBooks sponsor?
Which company won the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
How long did the "Small Business Big Game" contest last?
How many other contenders did Death Wish Coffee beat in the "Small Business Big Game"?
Which company won the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
How many other contenders did Death Wish Coffee beat in the "Small Business Big Game"?
Who sponsored the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
Which company won the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
How many companies did Death Wish Coffee beat in the "Small Business Big Game"?
Who sponsored the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
Which company won the "Small Business Big Game" contest?
Who was the debut trailer for?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Paramount pay for during the Super Bowl?
Along with X-Men: Apocalypse, Independence Day, and Eddie the Eagle, what movie was featured in the Super Bowl?
What movie did Lionsgate pay for during the Super Bowl?
What movie did Paramount pay for during the Super Bowl?
Who was the debut trailer for?
Along with The Jungle Book and Alice Through the Looking Glass, what movie did Disney pay for during the Super Bowl?
Along with X-Men: Apocalypse and Eddie the Eagle, what movie did Fox pay for during the Super Bowl?
Along with 20th Century Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures and Walt Disney Studios, what studio paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl?
Who paid for the movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl?
Who will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for Westwood One?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Along with Kevin Harlan and Dan Fouts, who is the color analyst for Westwood One?
Along with Mark Malone, who is the sideline reporter for Westwood One?
How many people will broadcast the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for Westwood One?
Who will carry the game throughout North America?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for Westwood One?
Who will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage?
Who is the play-by-play announcer for Westwood One?
Who are the color analysts for Westwood One?
Who are the sideline reporters for Westwood One?
What does Jim Gray anchor?
Westwood One will carry the game throughout what country?
Along with KOA and WBT, what station will carry the game?
Who is on play-by-play for the game?
What station in North Carolina will carry the game?
Where is WBT-FM based?
Who will play-by-play for the game in North Carolina?
Who is on play-by-play for the game?
Who is on color commentary for the game?
What station in North Carolina will broadcast the game?
Who will play-by-play for the game in North Carolina?
Which stations will carry the game in Denver?
What is the sister station to WBT?
In the United Kingdom, what radio station broadcasts the World Cup?
Along with BBC Radio 5 Live, what other network will broadcast the match in the UK?
Along with Greg Brady and Rocky Boiman, who is a commentator for the BBC's British English broadcast?
Which broadcaster broadcasts the World Cup in the UK?
Along with Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman, who is the commentator on the BBC's British English broadcast?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl V?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
When did Harvey Martin die?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were present in the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were present in the pregame ceremony?
How many previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players were present in the pregame ceremony?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowls I and II?
Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?
Who was the co-MVP of Super Bowl XII?
How many Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What award did Lady Gaga win?
What did Lady Gaga perform?
What does ASL stand for?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation?
Who performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation?
Who performed the national anthem?
How many Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem?
Who provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation?
When did the league confirm that the show would be headlined by Coldplay?
What nationality was Coldplay?
Which Super Bowl did Beyoncé headlined?
What was the name of the single released by Coldplay?
Which Super Bowl did Bruno Mars headlined?
What British rock group performed at the halftime show of the Super Bowl?
Which Pepsi company confirmed that the halftime show would be headlined by Coldplay?
What was the name of the single released by Coldplay?
What British rock group performed at the halftime show of the Super Bowl?
Who performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
What was the name of the single released by Coldplay?
Who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Who did Peyton Manning throw a 22-yard throw to?
Who did Shaq Thompson tackle for a 3-yard loss?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
How many yards did Peyton Manning pass to tight end Owen Daniels?
Who tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing?
Who took the opening kickoff?
Which tight end did Peyton Manning pass to?
Who moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line?
Who kicked a 34-yard field goal?
What was the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing?
What retired referee disagreed with the call?
Who appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball in the end zone?
Which Super Bowl was the first to have a fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who did Newton attempt to complete a 24-yard pass to?
What retired referee disagreed with the call?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball in the end zone?
In what year was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
What retired referee disagreed with the call?
Who knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him?
Who recovered the ball in the end zone?
Which Super Bowl was the first to have a fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
Who received a short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players?
What was the final score of the second quarter?
How many yards did Norwood return?
How many yards did McManus kick?
How many yards did Newton pass for in the first quarter?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
At what time did the Broncos cut the score to 10-7?
Who received Brad Nortman's short 28-yard punt surrounded by Panthers players?
How many yards did McManus kick?
Who finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown run?
What did McManus kick to increase the lead to 13-7?
Who tackled Mike Tolbert?
What position did Danny Trevathan play?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it?
Who was sacked by DeMarcus Ware?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it?
How many yards did Kony Ealy return the ball to the Panthers 39-yard line?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart?
Who recovered the fumble on the Broncos 40-yard line?
Who tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it?
What did the Panthers have to do after a Denver punt?
Who sacked Newton with 11 seconds left?
Who did Newton pass to on the first play of the second half?
Who hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
How many yards did Graham Gano hit the uprights on a field goal attempt?
Who set up the 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos a 16-7 lead?
Who intercepted the Newton pass on the Broncos' second offensive play?
Who did Newton pass to on the first play of the second half?
Where did Graham Gano hit on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who intercepted the Newton pass on the first play of the second half?
Who recovered the ball for the Broncos?
Who did Newton pass to on the first play of the second half?
Where did the Broncos defense stop the Panthers' first offensive play?
Who hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt?
Who did the Panthers pass to for gains of 25 and 22 yards?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass?
How many yards was Gano's field goal at?
Who recovered the ball for Carolina on the 50-yard line?
Who helped set up Gano's 39-yard field goal?
Where did the Broncos drive to in the fourth quarter?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass?
Where did Ealy recover the ball for Carolina?
What did the next three drives of the game end in?
Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass?
Where did Ealy recover the ball for Carolina?
What field goal was set up by Stewart?
How many drives of the game would end in punts?
Where did Carolina get the ball on their own?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who was responsible for the holding penalty that gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
Who did Newton pass to for a 2-point conversion?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
What was the result of the bounce back?
Who did Miller strip the ball away from?
Who was responsible for the holding penalty that gave the Broncos a new set of downs?
How long did it take for Carolina to get a first down?
When did Carolina get the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive?
Who stripped the ball away from Newton?
What was the result of the bounce back?
How many plays did the Broncos keep the ball out of the end zone?
Who scored on a 2-yard touchdown run?
How many solo tackles did Miller have?
How many touchdowns did Manning have in the game?
How many receptions were there in the game?
Who was the leading rusher in the game?
How many interception did Manning have in the game?
How many interception did Manning have in the game?
How many touchdowns did Manning have in the game?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
Who was the top receiver in the game?
Who was the leading rusher in the game?
Who was the top receiver in the game?
Who was the game's leading rusher?
How many field goals did McManus make?
How many interception did Manning have in the game?
How many receptions were there in the game?
How many first downs did the Broncos have in Super Bowl 50?
How many first downs did the Broncos have in Super Bowl 50?
Who had the previous record of 244 yards in a Super Bowl?
Who was the record holder for longest punt return in a Super Bowl?
Who had the lowest aggregate passer rating in a Super Bowl?
How many first downs did the Broncos have in Super Bowl 50?
How many first downs did the Broncos have in Super Bowl 50?
Who set a Super Bowl record with seven sacks?
Which team had the most sacks in a Super Bowl?
How many first downs did the Broncos have in Super Bowl 50?
How many first downs did the Broncos have in Super Bowl 50?
Who had the most sacks in a Super Bowl?
Who set a Super Bowl record with seven sacks?
How many teams had a combined third down conversion percentage of 13.8?
Maria Skłodowska-Curie was the first female recipient of what award?
When was Maria Skłodowska-Curie born?
Who was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize?
Who is Władysław Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin?
How old was Chopin when he moved to Warsaw?
How many different species of trees are in the Saxon Garden?
What was remodelled in the 19th century?
What is the name of the park that was formally a royal garden?
Where is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier located?
Where is the Krasiński Palace Garden located?
How far from Warsaw is the Vistula river?
What types of animals live in the Vistula river?
How many natural reserves are in Warsaw?
How many lakes are in Warsaw?
Why are the majority of the lakes in Warsaw emptied before winter?
What is the most diverse city in Poland?
What was the population of Warsaw in 1933?
What percentage of Warsaw's population is Jewish?
What is the largest minority in Warsaw?
What is most of the modern day population growth based on?
What is the second academic school of technology in the country?
How many professors does the Warsaw University of Technology employ?
What is the largest medical school in Poland?
When was the University of Warsaw established?
What is the oldest music school in Poland?
When was the University Library founded?
How many items is the University Library home to?
Who designed the University Library?
Who designed the University Library garden?
What is the size of the University Library garden?
What did Warsaw suffer from during its time as an Eastern Bloc economy?
What was the name of the plan to rebuild Poland?
What has caused Warsaw to see many improvements?
What has the infrastructure in Warsaw done during its time as an Eastern Bloc economy?
What city has some of the best medical facilities in Poland?
What is CMHI?
What is one of the largest oncological institutions in Europe?
How many beds does the CMHI have?
What has the infrastructure in Warsaw done?
The Teatr Wielki and the National Philharmonic Hall are examples of what type of venues?
What does Warsaw host?
Where is the Congress Hall located?
Where is the Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture and Science located?
What type of events does Warsaw host?
Where is the Saxon Garden located?
Where is Ogród Saski located?
When was the Summer Theatre in operation?
What was the name of Warsaw's first literary cabaret?
What was the best example ofPolish monumental theatre?
What is the name of the festival held on the banks of the Vistula on Midsummer's Night?
How many people attend Midsummer's Night?
On what day is the Wianki festival held?
What do the wreaths on the water predict?
What type of flower does the Wianki festival look for?
The world's first Museum of Posters has one of the largest collections of what in the world?
How many museums are in Warsaw?
What type of museum has a collection of works whose origin ranges in time from antiquity to the present epoch?
What is in Adolf Hitler's private collection?
The Museum of the Polish Army's set depicts the history of what?
Where can you find a fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland?
Where is the Warsaw Uprising Museum located?
What type of theater is the Warsaw Fotoplastikon?
What preserves patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence?
How many rooms are in the Warsaw Historical Museum?
Where is the Centre for Contemporary Art located?
How many projects does the Centre for Contemporary Art realize a year?
What is the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw?
Who hosts exhibitions of modern art at the Royal Ujazdów Castle?
When is Warsaw Gallery Weekend held?
What is Polonia's local rivals?
When did Polonia win the country's championship?
How many times has Polonia won the cup?
Where is Polonia's home venue located?
Why was Polonia relegated from the top flight in 2013?
What is the name of the mermaid in Warsaw?
What is Warsaw's symbol?
How long has the mermaid been in use?
What year is the oldest armed seal of Warsaw?
What does the mermaid hold in its claws?
What is not fully known about the origin of the mermaid?
Where did two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey?
Where did two of Triton's daughters decide to stay?
Where did the second mermaid stop to rest?
How did Triton's daughters treat the mermaid?
Where was Tamara de Lempicka born?
When did Tamara de Lempicka marry Tadeusz Łempicki?
What style did Tamara de Lempicka represent?
What was Nathan Alterman's occupation?
Who was the beloved city of Warsaw?
Who ranked Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world in 2012?
In what year did the Economist Intelligence Unit rank Warsaw as the 32nd most liveable city in the world?
What is Warsaw's economy characterized by?
What is one of the most liveable cities in Central and Eastern Europe?
What is the European Union agency for external border security?
When was the first historical reference to Warsaw?
What city was the capital of the polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1313?
In what year did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court to Warsaw?
Who moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw?
Why did Warsaw become the capital of the Commonwealth?
What type of archdiocese is located on the left bank of the Vistula?
What university is located in Warsaw?
What was the Old Town listed as in 1980?
What type of attractions are located in the Castle Square?
What are the main attractions of Warsaw?
What isWarsaw's name in the polish language?
What does Warszawa mean?
What was Warszawa's occupation?
Warszawa is a 12th/13th century nobleman who owned what?
What is the official name of Warsaw?
What was the name of the first fortified settlement on the site of today's Warsaw?
Who established the settlement of Warszowa?
In what year did the Prince of Płock establish the modern-day Warsaw?
When was the capital of Masovian Duchy?
When was the duchy reincorporated into the Polish Crown?
Who was the seat of Warsaw in 1529?
When was the General Sejm permanent?
What did the Warsaw Confederation establish in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Why was Warsaw the capital of the Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland?
When did King Sigismund III Vasa move his court from Krakow to Warsaw?
How long didWarsaw remain the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
What Kingdom annexed Warsaw in 1796?
Who liberated Warsaw in 1806?
When was the Congress of Vienna?
When was the Royal University of Warsaw established?
How long wasWarsaw occupied by Germany?
What did the Allied Armistice terms require Germany withdraw from?
Who returned to Warsaw on 11 November?
When was the Polish-Bolshevik War?
Who won the Battle of Warsaw?
When was the German Invasion of Poland?
What was the General Government?
How much of Warsaw's Jewish population was herded into the Warsaw Ghetto?
When did Hitler's "Final Solution" occur?
How long did the Warsaw Ghetto hold out?
Who was pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw?
Why did the Red Army pursue the Germans?
When did the Warsaw Uprising begin?
How long did the Warsaw Uprising last?
How many Polish civilians were killed in the Warsaw Uprising?
What campaign was initiated after World War II?
What type of housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage?
What type of city was the Palace of Culture and Science?
What is the name of a notable building given to the Soviet Union?
In 1980, Warsaw's historic Old Town was inscribed on what list?
Who visited Poland in 1979 and 1983?
What did John Paul II's visits to Poland encourage?
How long after becoming pope did John Paul II celebrate Mass in Warsaw?
Where did John Paul II celebrate Mass in Poland in 1979?
What did the Polish people understand the words "renew the face of the land" as?
How far is Warsaw from the Carpathian Mountains?
How many miles is Warsaw from Berlin?
What river doesWarsaw straddles?
What is the highest point of Warsaw?
Where is the lowest point in Warsaw?
How many geomorphologic formations is Warsaw located on?
Along with the plain moraine plateau and the Vistula terraces, what geomorphologic formations are located in Warsaw?
The Vistula Valley is located on what plateau?
What is the specific axis of Warsaw?
What is the name of the moraine plateau in Warsaw?
What type of plateau has only a few natural ponds and also groups of clay pits?
The highest one of the Vistula terraces contains what?
The contemporary flooded terrace still has visible what?
What are the two levels of the Vistula terraces?
What type of forest is on the right side of the Vistula terraces?
What does Warsaw's mixture of architectural styles reflect?
When was Warsaw razed to the ground?
When was Warsaw rebuilt?
What building was destroyed during the Second World War?
What was the basic design of Warsaw during the Second World War?
What type of architecture is represented in the majestic churches and fortifications?
When was St. John's Cathedral built?
What style is St. John's Cathedral a typical example of?
The most notable examples of what type of architecture is the house of Baryczko merchant family?
What type of architecture is the Royal Castle?
During what century did the neoclassical revival occur?
When was St. Kazimierz Church built?
What type of architecture is Czapski Palace?
What type of architecture can be described by the simplicity of the geometrical forms?
When was the Palace on the Water built?
What type of architecture was the Warsaw University of Technology?
What happened to most of the bourgeois architecture of the later periods?
What style was the Warsaw Philharmony edifice rebuilt in?
What is the most interesting of the late 19th century architecture?
What is the Brühl Palace?
How many places are commemorating the heroic history of Warsaw?
Where is the Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom located?
What is the name of the fortification built after the defeat of the November Uprising?
The statue of Little Insurgent commemorates who?
What is the name of the monument that commemorates the largest insurrection of World War II?
The Botanic Garden and the University Library garden are what type of spaces in the city?
Where is the palm house located?
What is a big park in the northern Mokotów?
What park is close to the Sejm and John Lennon street?
In what year was a zoological garden established on the park grounds?
What is the main reason for the richness of the flora of Warsaw?
Where is Bielany Forest located?
Bielany Forest is the remaining part of what forest?
What is the name of the big forest area in Warsaw?
How many botanic gardens are located in Warsaw?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1939?
How many people lived in Warsaw in 1945?
When was the Warsaw area enlargement?
What did the Varsovians think of themselves when they lived in the capital?
What were the city authorities forced to introduce in 1939?
What type of city has Warsaw been?
What was the population of Warsaw in 1901?
According to the 1901 census, what percentage of Warsaw's population was Catholic?
What percentage of Warsaw's population is Protestants?
When was the Warsaw Uprising?
What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?
What are the units of the second level of territorial division in Poland?
What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland?
What is the name of the unicameral body in Warsaw?
How many members are on the Warsaw City Council?
How often are the members of the Warsaw City Council elected?
What does the Warsaw City Council divide itself into?
How long does the Warsaw City Council have to override a veto by a two-thirds majority vote?
What is the mayor of Warsaw called?
Who was the first Warsaw President?
When was Jan Andrzej Menich alive?
Who elects the President of Warsaw?
In the years of 1994-1999, what district was designated as the President of Warsaw?
What is the name of the city center in Warsaw?
How many companies were registered in Warsaw in 2006?
What is Warsaw ranked as the 7th greatest?
How much of Poland's national income does Warsaw produce?
What is the nominal GDP of Warsaw?
When wasWarsaw's first stock exchange established?
When did the Warsaw Stock Exchange cease trading?
When was the Warsaw Stock Exchange re-established?
How many companies are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange?
What was the former headquarters of the PZPR?
When was the FSO Car Factory established?
What was the last model to be assembled at the FSO Car Factory?
Who purchased the FSO Car Factory in 1995?
Who bought the FSO Car Factory in 2005?
What was the name of the car manufactured at the FSO Car Factory?
What is another name forWarsaw?
What is the largest city in Poland?
What river doesWarsaw stand on?
What is the population of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank in the mostpopulous capital city in the European Union?
What is the largest city in Poland?
What river doesWarsaw stand on?
How far is Warsaw from the Baltic Sea?
What is the population of Warsaw?
Where does Warsaw rank in the mostpopulous capital city in the European Union?
Where was Normandy located?
When did the Normans give their name to Normandy?
Where did the Normans come from?
Who was the leader of the Normans?
When did the Normans emerge?
Who was the duke of Normandy?
Who founded the Duchy of Normandy?
What orthodoxy did the Normans become exponents of?
What does the English name "Norseman" mean?
When was the Medieval Latin era?
When did the Duchy of Normandy begin?
Who was the ruler of West Francia in the 10th century?
The Duchy of Normandy was established by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III of West Francia and what river?
Who was the ruler of Normandy in the 880s?
Along with the Norse religion and Old Norse language, what religion did the Normans replace with Christianity?
Where was the Norman culture found?
What had Normandy been exporting since 1066?
When did the Normans enter the Mezzogiorno?
Who did the Normans visit at Monte Gargano in 1017?
Where did the Normans enter the Mezzogiorno?
Who was the first Norman leader to arrive in the Mediterranean?
What was the name of the elected leader of the Hauteville family?
Who did the Normans capture Sicily and Malta from?
When was Roger II of Sicily crowned king?
Where was William Iron Arm's citadel located?
What was the name of the book written by the Andalusian al-Idrisi?
What was the name of the book written by the Andalusian al-Idrisi?
What type of bureaucracy did the Norman nobles have?
Along with the Pechenegs and Bulgars, what group did the Normans fight?
When did Hervé serve as a Byzantine general?
When did Robert Crispin lead the Normans of Edessa?
Who stopped Roussel de Bailleul?
What name did the Normans give to their castle?
What Norman led a force of "Franks" into the upper Euphrates valley?
Who did some Normans join to aid in the destruction of the Armenians vassal-states of Sassoun and Taron?
What was the origin of the families of Byzantine Greece?
Who led the invasion of Dyrrachium in 1081?
In what year did Robert Guiscard lead an army of 30,000 men in 300 ships?
How many men did Robert Guiscard lead?
On the banks of what river did the Normans occupy Petrela?
Who commanded the Normans in 1107?
On the banks of what river did the Normans occupy Petrela?
When did a large Norman army invade Dyrrachium?
Where did the Norman army invade in 1185?
Dyrrachium was one of the most important naval bases of what area?
Who was the father of Ethelred?
Who was Emma's sister?
Where was Duke Richard II from?
Who forced Ethelred from his kingdom?
Who was Edward the Confessor's half-brother?
When did Edward the Confessor return from his father's refuge?
Who did Edward appoint as archbishop of Canterbury?
At what battle did Duke William II of Normandy kill King Harold II?
Who was the Duke of Normandy in 1066?
In what year did Duke William II of Normandy conquer England?
What was the ruling class of England?
What did the Anglo-Norman language evolve into?
When did the Normans invade Bannow Bay?
Where did the Normans settle?
What culture did the Normans have a profound effect on?
Who was one of the claimants of the English throne opposing William the Conqueror?
Who married Edgar's sister Margaret?
When did William invade Scotland?
What was the name of William's son?
Who did Alexander I's elder brother marry?
What group of people came into Scotland to build castles?
Where was Ralph earl of?
Who did the Normans fight with?
Who set up Ralph as earl of Hereford?
What area was subject to Norman interference?
When did Roger de Tosny travel to the Iberian Peninsula to carve out a state for himself?
Who led the papal army during the War of Barbastro?
When was the Siege of Antioch?
Who was Bohemond's nephew?
What city was Tancred instrumental in the conquest of?
How long was Cyprus under European domination?
What caused Richard the Lion-hearted's fleet to leave Messina?
What was the name of Richard's sister's fiancée?
In what year did Richard the Lion-hearted leave Messina with a large fleet?
Who was the despot of Cyprus in 1191?
Who did the local barons support?
What kind of chains did the princes of the Holy Land use to prevent Richard from imprisoning Isaac?
Who was the leader of the princes of the Holy Land in Limassol?
Who married Berengaria of Navarre?
When was the wedding held?
What was the name of the grand ceremony held at the Chapel of St. George?
When did the Venetians acquire full control of the island?
Who bought Cyprus in 1192?
Where were the Canarian islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura located?
Who took the title of King of the Canary Islands?
Who bought the rights to the Canary Islands in 1418?
Who sold the rights to the islands to Enrique Pérez de Guzmán?
Where does the customary law of Normandy still exist today?
How many customaries were transcribed in Latin?
What idiom did Norman architecture spread to England and Italy?
What type of arches did Norman architecture have?
The period of Norman architecture precedes what period in England?
In England, the period of Norman architecture follows that of what other period?
Where was the Norman-Arab architecture located?
When did the dukes begin a programme of church reform?
Who began a programme of church reform?
When were the French Wars of Religion?
What is the Bayeux Tapestry a work of?
What is the most famous Norman art?
Who commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry?
What type of art is common in Norman Italy?
In what century was the system of denoting notes by letters developed and taught?
Who were the two Italian abbots at Fécamp?
Where did the monks of Saint-Evroul flee to?
Where did the monks of Saint Evroul establish a monastery?
Who patronised the monks of Saint-Evroul?
What tradition had developed at Saint Evroul?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
When was Nikola Tesla born?
When did Nikola Tesla die?
What was Nikola Tesla's nationality?
What does AC stand for?
When did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
What was the name of the corporate alternating current/direct current company that Tesla worked for?
When did Tesla emigrate to the United States?
Who did Tesla work for?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
Who licensed Tesla's AC induction motor and transformer?
Along with AC induction motor, what invention was licensed by George Westinghouse?
When did Tesla make his first pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What type of power experiments did Tesla conduct in New York and Colorado Springs?
What did Tesla conduct experiments with in his lab?
Along with New York and New York, where did Tesla conduct his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments?
When did Tesla make his first pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices?
What device did Tesla build in his lab?
What was Tesla's unfinished project?
When did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name Tesla's tesla?
Where did Tesla live most of his life?
What was Tesla's nickname?
What earned Tesla a considerable amount of money?
When did Tesla die?
What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name Tesla's tesla?
In what decade was Tesla's tesla named?
What was Tesla known for?
Where is Smiljan now located?
What was Tesla's father's occupation?
What type of memory did Tesla have?
What did Tesla attribute his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
What was Tesla's father's occupation?
Who was Tesla's father?
Who was Tesla's mother?
What talent did Đuka Tesla have?
What did Nikola Tesla attribute his eidetic memory and creative abilities to?
How many children did Tesla have?
What language did Tesla study at the "Lower" or "Primary" school?
When did the Tesla family move to Gospić?
What was Tesla's older brother's name?
Which three sisters did Tesla have?
What happened to Dane when he was five?
Where did the Tesla family move in 1862?
What was Tesla's father's job?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
What language were Tesla's classes in?
What did Tesla perform in his head that prompted his teachers to believe he was cheating?
What did Tesla's teachers believe he was?
In what year did Tesla graduate from school?
When did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Why did Tesla move to Karlovac?
Who was Tesla's math teacher?
What language were Tesla's classes in?
In what year did Tesla graduate from school?
What disease did Tesla contracted in 1873?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
What school did Tesla's father promise to send him if he recovered from his illness?
What did Tesla's father originally want him to do?
Where was Tesla's birthtown?
When did Tesla return to Smiljan?
What disease did Tesla contracted in 1873?
How long was Tesla bedridden?
What did Tesla's father originally want him to do?
What did Tesla's father promise to do if he recovered from his illness?
Where did Tesla run away to in 1874?
Who helped Tesla recover from his earlier illness?
What did Tesla explore in hunter's garb?
In what year did Tesla escape the Austro-Hungarian Army?
How did Tesla explore the mountains?
What did Tesla avoid in Smiljan?
In what year did Tesla escape the Austro-Hungarian Army?
What did Tesla do when he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army?
Who helped Tesla recover from his earlier illness?
In what year did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
What school did Tesla attend?
In what year did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla become addicted to during his second year at Austrian Polytechnic?
How many Sundays did Tesla work?
Where did Tesla attend Austrian Polytechnic?
In what year did Tesla enroll at Austrian Polytechnic?
In what year did Tesla's father die?
What did Tesla do during his third year at Austrian Polytechnic?
What did Tesla's father think would happen if he were removed from the school?
What did Tesla do when he dropped out of school?
Why did Milutin Tesla leave Graz?
What did Tesla work for 60 florins a month?
What did Milutin Tesla ask his son to do?
What caused Nikola to drop out of school?
In what year did Milutin Tesla leave Graz?
What did Milutin Tesla hide from his family?
Why did Tesla drop out of school?
What was Tesla's job in Maribor?
What caused Nikola to drop out of school?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospić?
When was Tesla returned to Gospić?
How old was Milutin Tesla?
What did Milutin Tesla die of?
What did Tesla do with a large class of students in his old school?
Why was Tesla returned to Gospić?
In what year did Milutin Tesla die?
What was the name of Tesla's old school?
What did Milutin Tesla die of?
Where did Tesla leave Gospić?
How did Tesla enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University?
How did Tesla attend lectures at Charles-Ferdinand University?
Where did Tesla enroll?
Where did Tesla leave Gospić?
In what year did Tesla leave Gospić for Prague?
Where did Tesla enroll?
Who helped Tesla leave Gospić for Prague?
Where did Tesla move in 1881?
What telegraph company did Ferenc Puskás work for?
What position was Tesla given in the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
What did Tesla claim to have perfected?
What did Tesla work as in the Central Telegraph Office?
In what year did Tesla move to Budapest?
What company did Ferenc Puskás work for?
What telegraph company did Ferenc Puskás work for?
What position was Tesla given in the Budapest Telephone Exchange?
When did Tesla begin working for the Continental Edison Company?
Where did Tesla work for the Continental Edison Company?
Where did Tesla move in 1884?
Who hired Tesla to work at his Edison Machine Works?
Where did Tesla work for Thomas Edison?
What company did Tesla work for in France?
Where did Tesla work for the Continental Edison Company?
When did Tesla move to New York City?
Who hired Tesla to work at his Edison Machine Works?
Where was the Edison Machine Works located?
How much money was offered to Tesla to redesign Edison's motor and generators?
How much was Tesla offered to redesign Edison's motor and generators?
How long did it take for Tesla to work on the Edison Company's direct current generators?
How much money was offered to Tesla to redesign Edison's motor and generators?
What did Tesla think Edison didn't understand?
How much did Edison offer Tesla to redesign Edison's motor and generators?
Who did Tesla partner with to finance an electric lighting company?
What was the name of the electric lighting company founded by Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail?
What did the company do?
What was the first issued to Tesla in the US?
What were the first patents issued to Tesla?
Who did Tesla partner with to finance an electric lighting company?
In what year did Tesla partner with two businessmen?
What was the name of the electric lighting company founded by Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail?
What did Tesla do that was designed by Tesla?
What company did Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail work for?
What did the investors do to Tesla?
What was Tesla's financial situation after he left the company?
What job did Tesla work for $2 per day?
In what years did Tesla suffer from headaches and bitter tears?
Why did Tesla lose control of his patents?
What job did Tesla work for $2 per day?
Where did Tesla work during the winter of 1886/87?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
When was the Tesla Electric Company formed?
How would profits from generated patents go to Tesla?
In what city was Tesla's laboratory located?
When did Tesla meet Alfred S. Brown and Charles F. Peck?
What was Alfred S. Brown's job?
Along with Alfred S. Brown, what New York attorney did Tesla work with?
Where did Alfred S. Brown and Charles F. Peck work?
What company did Tesla and Brown form in April of 1887?
What type of motor did Tesla develop in 1887?
When was the induction motor patented?
What did the induction motor not need?
What did the induction motor avoid?
What type of design was the induction motor?
When was the induction motor patented?
Why was the induction motor used on alternating current?
What did Tesla use to replace the induction motor?
When was the induction motor patented?
What was Thomas Commerford Martin's job?
At what organization did Thomas Commerford Martin arrange for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system?
When did Thomas Commerford Martin arrange for Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system?
What did Martin decide about Tesla's patent?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine in 1888?
Who was the editor of Electrical World magazine in 1888?
Who did Engineers working for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company report that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system?
What Italian physicist presented a paper in March of 1888 that allowed Tesla to demonstrate his alternating current system?
What was the profession of Galileo Ferraris?
What company did Thomas Commerford Martin work for?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's induction motor and transformer designs?
Who did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with?
What did Westinghouse hire Tesla for one year?
How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's induction motor and transformer designs?
In what year did Brown and Peck negotiate a licensing deal with George Westinghouse?
How much did Westinghouse pay Tesla for one year?
Where was Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's labs located?
Where did Tesla work during this time?
What did Tesla help create in Pittsburgh?
What type of AC current system did Tesla propose?
What type of motor did Tesla use to power streetcars?
Why did Tesla work in Pittsburgh?
What did the Westinghouse engineers use instead of the induction motor?
Which two inventors fought in the "War of Currents"?
What did Edison and Westinghouse fight over?
What did Edison and Westinghouse pursue in 1890?
What company did Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse merge into in 1892?
Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse fought over what type of AC system?
Who was in charge of the "War of Currents"?
When was the "War of Currents" fought?
What was the main cause of the "War of Currents"?
What company did Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse merge into in 1892?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What company did Westinghouse beat in the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
What did George Westinghouse announce at the Columbian Exposition?
What did George Westinghouse announce at the Columbian Exposition?
Who won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition?
When did Westinghouse win the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition with alternating current?
What was the key event in the history of?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?
Where did Richard Dean Adams work?
Who was awarded a contract to build a two-phase AC system at the Niagara Falls?
Who was awarded a contract to build the AC distribution system at the Niagara Falls?
What type of system did Adams believe would be the most reliable?
Who was the head of the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company in 1893?
In what year did Richard Dean Adams seek Tesla's opinion on how best to transmit power generated at the falls?
What type of system did Adams believe would be the most reliable?
What did Adams think a two-phased system would be?
When was a patent-sharing agreement signed between Westinghouse and Tesla?
How much did Westinghouse Electric pay for the patents?
How much did Westinghouse pay for the AC patents?
How much did Westinghouse pay out in licenses and royalties to Tesla?
Who backed General Electric?
How much did Westinghouse pay out in licenses and royalties to Tesla?
How much did Westinghouse Electric pay for the patents?
How old was Tesla when he became a naturalized citizen?
Where was Tesla's South Fifth Avenue laboratory located?
What did Tesla use wirelessly to demonstrate the potential of wireless power transmission?
What invention did Tesla patent in 1891?
When did Tesla become a naturalized citizen of the United States?
What invention did Tesla patent in 1891?
How old was Tesla when he became a naturalized citizen?
What type of lamps did Tesla use?
What organization did Tesla serve as a vice president of?
What organization did Tesla serve as a vice president of?
When did Tesla become a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
What position did Tesla serve in the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
When did Tesla serve as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers?
Along with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, what was the forerunner of the IEEE?
Why did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy of invisible kinds?
When was much of Tesla's early research lost?
When did Wilhelm Röntgen announce the discovery of x-rays?
What was the only thing that was captured in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire?
When did Tesla begin investigating radiant energy of "invisible" kinds?
What is another name for "Roentgen rays"?
What happened to much of Tesla's early research?
What did Tesla use to capture the radiant energy of invisible kinds?
Who was illuminated by a Geissler tube?
What isradiography?
When was the Tesla Coil invented?
What is another name for X-ray imaging?
What did Tesla create in his research?
What was the output of the X-ray tube?
In what year was the Tesla Coil invented?
What was the output of the X-ray tube?
What did Röntgen's discovery enable one to generate?
What did Tesla mistakenly believe about X-rays?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of the skin damage?
What did Tesla believe was the cause of the skin damage?
What did Tesla note the hazards of working with?
Where can plasma waves occur?
What caused the skin damage to the skin?
What did Tesla believe X-rays were?
Where can plasma waves occur?
How did Tesla describe the dangers of working with X-ray producing devices?
Which Westinghouse engineer was responsible for developing the efficient version of Tesla's induction motor?
When did Westinghouse Electric start branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the Tesla Polyphase System?
Which company started branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the "Tesla Polyphase System"?
What device did Tesla use to make a copper egg stand on end?
Who explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field in an induction motor?
In what year did the New York Herald Tribune publish an article on Tesla?
How would a minute particle break off the cathode, pass out of the tube?
How did Tesla describe the pain he felt when the particle broke off the cathode?
What did Tesla compare the particles projected by his "electric gun"?
Along with the Franklin Institute and Philadelphia, what organization did Tesla's theories on the possibility of transmission by radio waves go back to?
What device was used in the development of radio waves?
What institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was known for its research on the possibility of transmission by radio waves?
In what year did Tesla demonstrate a radio-controlled boat?
What did Tesla call his radio-controlled boat?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his radio-controlled boat?
Where did Tesla demonstrate his radio-controlled boat to the public?
What animal was the boat piloted by?
When was Tesla granted patents for a "system of transmitting electrical energy" and an electrical transmitter?
Who made the first transatlantic radio transmission?
When did Marconi make his first-ever transatlantic radio transmission?
When did the Supreme Court restore the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge and John Stone?
Who restored the prior patents of Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and John Stone?
In what year did Tesla move to Colorado Springs?
Where did Tesla transmit signals from Pikes Peak to?
On what date did Tesla conduct his first experiments at his Colorado Springs lab?
How long was Tesla's initial spark length?
What type of electricity did Tesla investigate?
What type of waves did Tesla observe during this time?
What did Tesla believe about the earth?
What did Feynman produce?
How long was St. Elmo's lightning?
How far away was Cripple Creek, Colorado?
What happened to light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab?
What happened to Butterflies?
What happened when a power station generator was accidentally faulted?
What happened to the dynamos in a power house six miles away?
What caused the dynamos in a power house six miles away to burn out?
What did the power station generator do to the insulation?
What did Tesla conclude were the signals from his receiver?
What planet did Tesla believe he was hearing signals from?
In what publication did Tesla say he was hearing signals from another planet?
What did Tesla theorize may have happened to the signals he heard?
When did Tesla believe he was hearing signals from another planet?
How much money did John Jacob Astor IV invest for Tesla to develop and produce a new lighting system?
Why did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000 in 1899?
Why did Tesla use the money?
When did John Jacob Astor IV invest $100,000 for Tesla to develop and produce a new lighting system?
In what year did Tesla leave Colorado Springs?
What happened to Tesla's lab in 1904?
When was Tesla's lab torn down?
What happened to Tesla's lab after it was torn down?
What was the trans-Atlantic wireless telecommunications facility called?
What was Wardenclyffe?
Where was Wardenclyffe located?
Who did Tesla ask for more funds to build a more powerful transmitter?
What event caused Tesla to ask for more funds?
How did Morgan feel by the reminder of his part in the stock market crash?
How many letters did Tesla write to Morgan?
What did Tesla ask for additional funding for?
What happened to Tesla's relationship with Morgan?
How tall was the tower at its full height?
How many horsepower did Tesla demonstrate on his 50th birthday?
How fast was Tesla's bladeless turbine?
In what year did Tesla celebrate his 50th birthday?
What were Tesla's bladeless turbine engines tested at?
What type of powered mechanical oscillator did Tesla invent?
Where was Tesla experimenting with mechanical oscillators?
What did Tesla's machine do as the speed grew?
What publication published an article about Tesla's mechanical oscillator?
What did Tesla claim would happen if he continued to use the mechanical oscillator?
What did Tesla theorize enhanced intelligence?
How did Tesla try to make dull students bright?
Who was the superintendent of New York City schools in 1912?
Who was William H. Maxwell?
What type of investors did Tesla seek before World War I?
What happened to Tesla's funding after the war started?
What did Tesla do with Wardenclyffe?
How much did Tesla sell Wardenclyffe for?
What award did Tesla receive in 1917?
What magazine did Tesla publish in 1917?
How was the signal viewed on a system that has a superficial resemblance to modern radar?
What did the fluorescent screen resemble?
Who helped develop France's first radar system?
Who were awarded the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics?
Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915?
What were unsubstantiated rumors at the time?
When could a recipient decline a Nobel Prize?
Why was Edison and Tesla given the award?
How many possible bids did Edison receive in 1915?
Who did not win the prize in the years after the rumors?
In what year did Tesla receive one of 38 possible bids?
What was Tesla's last patent?
What was the name of the biplane capable of taking off vertically?
How much did Tesla think the plane would sell for?
What did Tesla propose to be used in rotor aircraft?
How much did Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla per month?
What did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla?
How did the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company pay Tesla's expenses?
What was Westinghouse worried about?
What was Tesla's method of transmitting with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance?
How much loss was Tesla able to transmit mechanical energy with minimal loss?
How much loss did Tesla's method of transmitting mechanical energy have over any terrestrial distance?
What did Tesla use to determine the location of underground deposits?
In what year did Tesla announce a method of transmitting mechanical energy with minimal loss over any terrestrial distance?
What did Tesla do after he left the Hotel New Yorker?
What did Tesla refuse to consult in 1937?
What happened to Tesla's back in 1937?
In what year did Tesla die?
When did Tesla leave the Hotel New Yorker to feed pigeons?
What did Tesla claim to be capable of being used against ground-based infantry?
What did Tesla study to make his claim about ateleforce weapon?
What type of ground-based weapon was the Van de Graaff generator capable of being used?
For what purpose was the Van de Graaff generator capable of being used?
What did the press call the Van de Graaff generator?
In what year did Tesla announce his death ray?
When did Tesla announce the death ray?
What type of pellets did Tesla use to create the death ray?
What did Tesla use to accelerate the tungsten pellets?
How long will it take for Tesla to give the death ray to the world?
What was the topic of The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media?
Where is Tesla's treatise currently located?
Where is the Nikola Tesla Museum located?
How many volts did Tesla describe in his treatise?
What did Tesla hope to put an end to?
What did Tesla say he was trying to do during the negotiations?
What was the blueprint for the teleforce weapon?
What had been scrutinized during the negotiations?
How old was Tesla when he died?
When did Tesla die?
Who found Tesla's body?
What sign did Alice Monaghan ignore when she entered Tesla's room?
What was the cause of Tesla's death?
What did the FBI order?
Who was a professor at M.I.T.?
What did the FBI conclude about Tesla's belongings?
Where was Tesla's entire estate transported?
Who read Tesla's eulogy?
Who wrote the eulogy for Tesla?
When was Tesla's funeral held?
How many people attended the state funeral for Tesla?
Where was Tesla's funeral held?
Where was Tesla's entire estate shipped in 1957?
Who was Tesla's nephew?
Who transported Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade?
Where was Tesla's entire estate shipped in 1957?
Where are Tesla's ashes displayed?
How many patents did Tesla obtain worldwide for his inventions?
How many countries have Tesla's patents been accounted for?
Along with the United States and Britain, what country approved Tesla's patents?
Where have some of Tesla's patents been found?
At what time was Tesla's dinner usually served?
How long did Tesla work every day?
When did Tesla resume his work?
Who was the only one to serve Tesla?
How many miles did Tesla walk per day?
What did Tesla walk between 8 to 10 miles per day?
How many times did Tesla walk every night?
What did Tesla claim that walking on his feet stimulated?
What did Tesla say he did not believe in?
What position did Arthur Brisbane hold?
How many fundamental laws did Tesla believe could be reduced to?
What did Tesla feed at the park?
How much did Tesla spend to fix Queen Victoria's broken wing and leg?
What did Tesla fix for Queen Victoria?
Where did Tesla go every day to feed pigeons?
Where did Tesla take injured pigeons to nurse back to health?
How much did Tesla weigh?
How tall was Tesla?
When was Tesla's weight variance?
Where was Tesla a stylish figure?
How many languages did Tesla speak?
What were Tesla's visions accompanied by?
What technique did Tesla use to visualize an invention?
What would appear before Tesla's eyes?
What memory did Tesla supposedly possess?
How long did Tesla spend at a gaming table?
How long did Tesla work in his laboratory?
Where did Tesla spend his second year of study?
Who was a journalist that Tesla had befriended?
What was Swezey's occupation?
What did Tesla think was helpful to his scientific abilities?
Who was vying for Tesla's affection?
When did Tesla say he felt he made too great a sacrifice to his work?
Who was Tesla's loyal secretary?
Who described Tesla as having a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force"?
What was Tesla prone to with his work?
What type of person was Tesla?
What was Julian Hawthorne's profession?
Who was Tesla a close friend of in middle age?
Where did Tesla spend a lot of time with Mark Twain?
When did Tesla befriend George Sylvester Viereck?
What did Tesla express disgust for?
Who did Tesla fire because of her weight?
Why did Tesla fire a secretary?
What did Tesla instruct a subordinate to do with her dress?
What did Tesla believe was the only thing that could create an electric charge?
What was the 19th century concept of atoms being composed of smaller subatomic particles?
What did Tesla believe an all pervasive "ether" did?
In what century was Tesla a believer in the concept of an all pervasive "ether"?
Who was Tesla critical of?
How did Tesla feel about theories about conversion of matter into energy?
What theory was Tesla critical of?
What did Tesla claim to have completed in 1937?
When did Tesla start working on his physical principle?
What type of space did Tesla claim to have created aynamic theory of gravity?
How old was Tesla in 1937?
What type of breeding was Tesla a proponent of?
What type of nature did Tesla believe humans' "pity" interfered with?
What did Tesla believe had interfered with the natural "ruthless workings of nature"?
In what year did Tesla give an interview about eugenics?
Who did Tesla believe was the dominant sex in the future?
When did Tesla comment on the social subservience of women and the struggle of women toward gender equality?
Who did Tesla believe would run humanity's future?
What environment did Tesla make predictions about in a printed article?
What was the name of the article that Tesla made about the issues of a post-World War I environment?
When was Tesla's article published?
What organization did Tesla believe was not a remedy for the times and issues of a post-World War I environment?
What religion was Tesla raised?
What type of religion did Tesla oppose?
What religions did Tesla have a profound respect for?
What article did Tesla publish in 1937?
What do Tesla's religious views remain?
What did Tesla say he wanted to end?
What did Tesla write for magazines and journals?
Where did Tesla write for?
Who edited My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla?
Where are many of Tesla's writings freely available?
When was the article "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy" published?
What was the name of Tesla's book?
The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme in what type of literature?
Where has Tesla's legacy endured?
How many types of science fiction is Tesla a recurring theme in?
Which magazine put Tesla on its cover on his 75th birthday?
When did Time magazine put Tesla on its cover?
What was Tesla's contribution to?
Along with Albert Einstein, what famous scientist was featured on Tesla's birthday?
How many pioneers did Tesla receive congratulatory letters from?
What is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to what?
Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying what according to their inherent difficulty?
When is a problem regarded as inherently difficult?
What did the theory introduce to study problems and quantify the amount of resources needed to solve them?
What are two things that are used to quantify the amount of resources needed to solve a problem?
What is used in circuit complexity?
What is one of the roles of computational complexity theory?
What is the most closely related field in theoretical computer science?
What is the main field of theoretical computer science that is devoted to analyzing the amount of resources needed to solve a problem?
What is the main distinction between analysis of algorithms and computability theory?
Along with analysis of algorithms and computational complexity theory, what is an important field in theoretical computer science?
What is the input string for a computational problem referred to as?
The input string for a computational problem should not be confused with what?
What type of utterance can serve as the input for a decision problem?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of what?
A computational problem can be viewed as an infinite collection of instances together with what for every instance?
How many kilometers is the traveling salesman problem?
What does complexity theory ask for?
What does complexity theory address?
What is a string over an alphabet?
When considering computational problems, a problem instance is a string over an alphabet called what?
What are the strings in a real-world computer called?
How are integers represented in a real-world computer?
How can graphs be encoded directly?
What is one of the central objects of study in computational complexity theory?
A decision problem is a special type of computational problem whose answer is what?
A decision problem can be viewed as a formal language, where the members of the language are instances whose output is yes, and the non-members are what?
A decision problem is a special type of computational problem whose answer is what?
A decision problem is a special type of computational problem whose answer is what?
What is an example of a decision problem?
What language is associated with the decision problem?
What does one have to decide to obtain a precise definition of this language?
What is a function problem?
A function problem is a computational problem where what is expected for every input?
What is a computational problem where a single output is expected for every input?
Along with the traveling salesman problem, what is an example of a function problem?
What type of problem is a function problem?
The notion of function problems is much richer than what?
The multiplication of two integers can be expressed as what?
What is one way to measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem?
What does the running time of an algorithm depend on?
How is the time required to solve a problem calculated?
The size of the input is usually taken to be the size of what?
What is Complexity theory interested in how algorithms scale?
What says that a problem can be solved with a feasible amount of resources if it admits a polynomial time algorithm?
What can be expressed as a function of n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
What is defined to be the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n?
If T(n) is a polynomial in n, what is the algorithm said to be?
What is a mathematical model of a general computing machine?
What is believed to solve a problem in a Turing machine?
What is the most commonly used model in complexity theory?
A Turing machine manipulates what on a strip of tape?
What is the most basic Turing machine?
A deterministic Turing machine uses a fixed set of what to determine its future actions?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an extra supply of random bits?
What is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism?
What are algorithms that use random bits called?
What are deterministic Turing machines used to define?
When resources are bounded, what may be more powerful than others?
What types of Turing machines are used to define complexity classes?
What is an example of a multi-tape Turing machine?
Random access machines can be converted to another without providing any extra what?
What consumption of alternate models may vary?
What do all these models have in common?
What type of Turing machine is allowed to branch out to check many different possibilities at once?
What are some computational problems easier to analyze in terms of?
What does the non-deterministic Turing machine capture?
What is a very important resource in analyzing computational problems?
The time required by a deterministic Turing machine M on input x is the total number of what?
What does complexity theory want to classify problems based on?
A deterministic Turing machine M on input x is the total number of state transitions, or steps, the machine makes before it halts and outputs the answer?
A deterministic Turing machine uses a given amount of what to solve a problem?
Time and space are the most well-known what?
What can any complexity measure be viewed as?
What are Complexity measures generally defined by?
What is the Blum complexity axioms called?
What is the Blum complexity axioms called?
What are the three ways of measuring the time complexity of different inputs of the same size?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of different inputs of the same size?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring what?
The best, worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity of what?
What solves the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input?
What is the worst case when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order?
What is the average time for sorting a list of integers that is given as the input?
What is the minimum amount of time required to solve a given problem?
The complexity of an algorithm falls under the field of what?
To classify the computation time, one is interested in proving upper and what other bounds?
What is the lowest bound of T(n) for a problem?
What do lower bounds make a statement about?
What notation hides constant factors and smaller terms?
What does the big O notation hide?
What would one write if T(n) = 7n2 + 15n + 40?
Big O notation makes the bounds independent of the specific details of what?
What type of class has complicated definitions that do not fit into the framework?
Some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into what?
What do some complexity classes have that do not fit into the framework?
What do complexity classes depend on?
The language {xx | x is any binary string} can be solved in what?
What model requires quadratic time?
Which thesis states that the time complexities in any two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related?
What is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time?
What are some important complexity classes that can be defined by bounding?
What can be used to define the time or space used by the algorithm?
What can be defined by bounding the time or space used by the algorithm?
Which complexity classes are defined using probabilistic Turing machines?
What type of circuits are AC and NC defined using?
BQP and QMA are defined using what type of Turing machines?
What is an important complexity class of counting problems?
 IP and AM are defined using what type of proof systems?
What defines a bigger set of problems?
Where is DTIME(n) contained?
What are hierarchy theorems?
What do hierarchy theorems induce?
What type of statements can be made about how much more additional time or space is needed to solve a bigger set of problems?
What are the basis for most separation results of complexity classes?
The time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in what?
The space hierarchy theorem tells us that L is strictly contained in what?
A reduction is a transformation of one problem into another problem called what?
A reduction is a transformation of one problem into what?
If a problem X can be solved using an algorithm for Y, what does X do to Y?
What reductions are based on the method of reduction?
Polynomial-time reductions and log-space reductions are examples of what?
What is the most commonly used reduction?
What can the problem of squaring an integer be reduced to?
What does the reduction process take?
What can be given to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm?
An algorithm for multiplying two integers can be used by giving the same input to both inputs of what algorithm?
The notion of hard problems depends on what?
When is a problem X hard for a class of problems C?
An algorithm for X allows us to do what?
What is the set of problems that are hard for a complexity class called?
What class of problems contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What class contains the most difficult problems in NP?
If a problem X is in C and hard for C, what is the hardest problem in C?
What class contains the most difficult problems in NP?
What is a mathematical abstraction modeling computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm?
The complexity class P is often seen as a mathematical abstraction modeling those computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm?
Which class contains many problems that people would like to solve efficiently?
What is an example of a problem that no efficient algorithm is known?
What are special non-deterministic Turing machines?
If the answer is yes, many important problems can be shown to have what?
What is one of the most important open questions in theoretical computer science?
How much is the prize for solving the P versus NP problem?
Who showed that if P ≠ NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete?
What are the problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete called?
What is an example of a problem believed to be NP-intermediate?
What is the computational problem of determining whether two finite graphs are isomorphic?
What is the best algorithm for the graph isomorphism problem?
What collapses to its second level?
Where does the polynomial time hierarchy collapse to?
Who has run time 2O(√(n log(n))) for graphs with n vertices?
What is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer?
The integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer?
The RSA algorithm forms the basis of what?
What is the best known algorithm for integer factorization?
What are many known complexity classes?
What complexity class is not equal to PSPACE?
What are many known complexity classes?
What would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory?
What is the class containing the complement problems?
What is the class containing the complement problems?
What is believed to be the class containing the complement problems?
If the two complexity classes are not equal, what does it mean?
What is the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
What is not known about the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space?
NL and NC are examples of what type of classes?
What are two complexity classes between the two?
What is not known about the complexity classes between NL and NC?
What are problems that can be solved in theory but take too long for their solutions to be useful?
What are intractable problems in complexity theory?
What are intractable problems if NP is not the same as P?
What decision problem has been shown not to be in P?
What can solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases?
What problem can algorithms solve over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time?
When can algorithms solve the NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes?
What is an example of a large problem that SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of?
How were the foundations for the complexity of algorithmic problems laid out?
Who defined Turing machines in 1936?
What did Alan Turing define in 1936?
When did Alan Turing define Turing machines?
What did Alan Turing's definition of Turing machines simplify?
What was the seminal paper by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns?
Who wrote the seminal paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
What definitions did Edmonds and Stearns lay out?
When was the paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" published?
Who wrote the definition of linear bounded automata?
When was Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets published?
Who wrote a paper on real-time computations in 1962?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems regularly assume some concrete choice of what?
Some proofs of complexity-theoretic theorems regularly assume some concrete choice of what?
Who developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms?
What was the result of the axiomatic complexity theory based on axioms?
What paper did Richard Karp publish in 1972?
How many diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems are NP-complete?
What is the term for the course of study that a teacher provides?
What is the science of teaching called?
In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional qualifications or credentials from what?
What do teachers use to facilitate student learning?
Where is the role of teacher carried out?
A teacher's role may vary among what cultures?
Along with literacy, craftsmanship or vocational training, what is an example of a teacher's role in a culture?
Along with literacy and numeracy, vocational training, what is an example of a teacher's role in a culture?
Along with literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship, civics and community roles, what is an example of a teacher's role in a culture?
What is an example of a transient or ongoing role in education?
In some countries, formal education can take place through what?
What type of education can take place through home schooling in some countries?
In some countries, a teacher may occupy what kind of role?
What can be used in a wider community setting to provide informal education?
Gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors and lamas are what type of teachers?
What type of texts can religious and spiritual teachers teach?
What religious texts can be taught by religious teachers?
Who may teach religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible?
What is it called when a child is taught informally within the family?
Who is responsible for teaching in homeschooling?
What is another name for CPA?
Along with homeschooling, where can one find informal teaching?
Who is responsible for teaching in homeschooling?
What do teachers help organize?
What type of activities do teachers serve as supervisors for?
What do teachers supervise outside of the classroom?
Who can accompany students on field trips?
What do many governments operate to protect the public interest?
Why are teacher's colleges established?
Who are teacher's colleges established to protect?
Who are teacher's colleges designed to protect?
What do teacher's colleges enforce for the teaching profession?
Who do teacher's colleges investigate?
What do teacher's colleges conduct hearings into?
What is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
What is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
What is responsible for setting out clear standards of practice?
In what environment can a tutor be found?
What is another term for a teacher who teaches on an individual basis?
In what type of school is a teacher often employed?
What do teachers do in education?
What type of approach is used to teach?
What are different ways to teach called?
What is an example of a way that teachers assist in learning outside of the classroom?
What has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
The rise of what has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom?
What is another term for practical?
A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by what?
Along with infants and adults, students with what type of disabilities may be employed by a teacher?
What age can a teacher interact with?
What type of curricula can a teacher follow?
What does pedagogy assess the educational levels of the students on?
Where does the bulk of learning take place?
What is the function of a teacher in a classroom?
What is the function of a teacher in a classroom?
What is the function of a teacher in learning?
What is the most significant difference between primary school and secondary school?
What does a teacher teach in primary schools?
In secondary schools, who are teachers taught by each session?
What is the most significant difference between primary and secondary schools?
What is the relationship between teachers and children in primary schools?
What type of method is used for primary education?
What is another name for a group of students in one class that moves from one specialist to another for every subject?
How do students derive a strong sense of security?
What do students tend to be more than teachers who teach many subjects?
In what country is the "platoon" system used?
What has become a new trend amongst educational institutions?
How many teachers does Co-teaching consist of?
What does Co-teaching focus on?
How do two or more teachers work to fulfill the needs of every student?
What does Co-teaching provide to students to reach their full cognitive potential?
What was the most common form of school discipline?
What was a teacher expected to act as while a child was in school?
What was the most common form of school discipline?
Was corporal punishment the most common or most common form of school discipline?
When was corporal punishment most common?
What type of school discipline was corporal punishment?
What country has banned corporal punishment?
Where is corporal punishment still lawful?
Who ruled that paddling did not violate the US Constitution?
What did corporal punishment cause?
How many US states have banned corporal punishment?
In what part of the US is corporal punishment mostly banned?
Is corporal punishment still used to a significant or declining degree in some public schools?
How is corporal punishment administered to the seat of a student's trousers or skirt?
Where is corporal punishment usually given?
How is corporal punishment often used in schools in Asian, African and Caribbean countries?
In what countries is corporal punishment commonplace?
What is the name of the country that uses corporal punishment?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States, the UK, Ireland, and Singapore?
What is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States, the UK, Ireland, and Singapore?
Where is detention most common?
How do students sit during detention?
What do students typically write during detention?
What type of teacher is a modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe?
 Positive reinforcement is balanced with what?
What defines what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior?
What is seen as falling outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline?
A modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies on an assertive teacher who is prepared to impose their will upon a class?
Who advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline?
What country has high standards of education?
What are many problems with modern schooling stem from?
What type of discipline do some teachers and parents advocate?
Which country has the highest average attainment on standardized tests?
Which country has the highest average attainment on standardized tests?
Which country has the highest average attainment on standardized tests?
Which country has the highest average attainment on standardized tests?
What is the typical class size in a school?
What can maintaining order in the classroom divert a teacher from?
What do teachers concentrate their attention on?
What do motivated students tend to ignore?
What do teachers concentrate their attention on?
What can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike?
Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for what?
Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike?
What does Sudbury model democratic schools claim the preservation of public order is?
Sudbury model democratic schools claim that a school that has what can maintain order more effectively than other schools?
What type of teacher can affect a positive learning experience towards the course materials?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition towards the course content tend to transfer to receptive students?
What do teachers who have a positive disposition towards the course content tend to do?
How do students rate teachers who have a positive disposition towards the course materials?
What is a correlation between students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom?
What are students who experienced a very enthusiastic teacher more likely to do?
What type of expressions result in higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
What type of studies have found a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn?
Do students who experienced a very enthusiastic teacher report higher or lower levels of intrinsic motivation to learn?
Enthusiastic teachers can lead to students becoming what in their own learning process?
What type of teacher can facilitate higher levels of intrinsic motivation?
What is another term for teacher enthusiasm?
What is an example of a mechanism by which teacher enthusiasm may facilitate higher levels of intrinsic motivation?
What are student motivation and attitudes towards school closely linked to?
Enthusiastic teachers are particularly good at creating what kind of relations with their students?
What does academic success include?
What must a teacher guide his student in?
What are closely linked to student-teacher relationships?
What are teachers that spend more time interacting and working directly with students called?
What are teachers that spend more time interacting and working directly with students called?
What do teachers spend more time doing?
Are teachers that spend more time interacting and working directly with students perceived as supportive or ineffective?
What is the third most important aspect of teacher enthusiasm?
A teacher who cares for their students is going to help that individual succeed in their life?
A teacher who promotes the course they are teaching, the more the student will get out of it?
An enthusiastic teacher has the ability to be what in the student life?
The way a teacher promotes the course they are doing is called what?
What has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts?
What percentage of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country does 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
When did 9.6% of students claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
What organization reported that 9.6% of students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education?
In what country did a study show a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional?
What groups did the AAUW study include?
How many young people were in the British study?
What study in England showed a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional?
In what country is Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau a notable teacher misconduct case?
What have several high profile cases in the United States caused?
What has led to several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession?
Who is the general secretary of the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers?
Who has the issue of prosecution for statutory rape led to outrage?
What has a lack of male teachers in some jurisdictions reportedly led to?
Where should teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent be placed?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity and students' performance?
What is an occupational hazard that can negatively impact teachers?
What are teachers at high risk for?
What is an occupational hazard that can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health?
What can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity and students' performance?
What percentage of UK teachers experienced occupational stress?
In what country do 42% of teachers experience occupational stress?
How much did a 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress?
In what year did a study find that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers?
Who did a 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than?
How many ways are there to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
What is one way to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
What is used to relieve occupational stress among teachers?
Organizational interventions can help reduce what?
What is one way to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching?
In almost all countries, teachers are educated where?
What may Governments require before they can teach in a school?
What is earned after completion of high school?
What do many educational institutions require prospective teachers to pass to be able to teach in a school?
In what country do many educational institutions require that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation?
Who is responsible for education in Australia?
How many tiers does Australia have?
Along with secondary education and TAFE colleges, what is the third tier of education in Australia?
What are two examples of tertiary education in Australia?
What is the third tier of education in Australia?
What is required to be a qualified teacher in Canada?
What is required to become a qualified teacher in Canada?
Who funds a private school in Canada?
What are the main teachers in Germany?
What are the special university classes in Germany called?
What are the teachers for elementary schools called?
What do the Salaries for teachers depend on?
What is another name for higher level secondary schools?
What is given for teaching through the Irish language?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher in Ireland?
What is the basic pay for a starting teacher in Ireland?
What is the average salary for a principal of a large school in Ireland?
Who are teachers required to be registered with?
Under what section of the Teaching Council Act 2001 can a person employed in any capacity in a recognised teaching post not be paid from Oireachtas funds?
When was the Teaching Council Act passed?
Under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001, a person employed in any capacity in a recognised teaching post may not be paid from what?
When was Garda vetting introduced?
Who has Garda vetting been introduced for?
How will existing staff be vetted?
Who cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role?
What was the salary for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers in September 2007?
What are some things that can cause some salaries to go higher?
How much do Preschool teachers earn annually?
What must a teacher in state schools have at least?
When was the average salary for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers?
What do many counties offer to attract people into teaching?
What type of positions do many counties offer alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching?
What will happen to opportunities by geographic area and subject taught?
What is expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth?
What type of teacher is most likely to retire?
Who does anyone wishing to teach in Scotland have to register with?
What does the GTCS stand for?
How many Scottish Universities offer Initial Teacher Education?
What is given by the GTCS after a year?
How long does it take for the GTCS to raise it to Full Registration?
When did the salary year begin in Scotland?
What was the average salary for a Probationer in Scotland in 2008?
How much did unpromoted teachers earn after 6 years teaching?
What are unpromoted teachers required to do to earn up to £39,942?
What are the main unions in Scotland?
In what country is Welsh the main medium of education?
What is the main medium of education in Wales?
How long are lessons in Welsh compulsory for all pupils in Wales?
What percentage of classes in maintained primary schools use Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction?
What age group is Welsh medium education available to?
What are ATL, NUT or NASUWT?
What is the average age of teachers in Wales?
When did attacks on teachers in Welsh schools reach an all-time high?
What are ATL, NUT or NASUWT?
What is the growing cause of attacks on teachers in Welsh schools?
Who determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools?
How long can teachers receive certificates that last?
What are public school teachers required to have?
What type of schools do not require that their teachers be certified?
What organization sets the standards for highly qualified teachers in charter schools?
What have teachers been paid in the past?
What has improved in recent years?
What two things do teachers with a standard bachelor's degree and certificate have more of?
Who has the lowest median salary in the US?
Where are teachers able to earn supplemental income?
How many forms of spiritual teachers are there in Christianity?
Along with the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Catholic, what is the other major tradition of non-Denominational?
Is a Confessor always a bishop?
What are the three major traditions in Christianity?
What is the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints?
Who can fill the role of spiritual teacher in the LDS Church?
What type of teacher does the LDS Church have little in common with?
Who is the teacher in the LDS Church?
Who is the teacher in the LDS Church?
What is a spiritual teacher in Hinduism known as?
How high is the emphasis on spiritual mentorship in Hinduism?
Who do gurus often control?
Where is Hinduism common?
What are the teachers of Dharma in Tibet most commonly called?
What is a Lama determined to do in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow?
What is the Tibetan term for a Lama who has consciously determined to be reborn?
How often is a Lama reborn?
How is a Lama determined to be reborn?
Who teach the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic living?
Who teach the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic living?
In what Islamic tradition is the position of spiritual teacher?
The Five Pillars of Islam are what type of teacher?
Who can render legal verdicts upon matters of Islamic law?
In what language was Martin Luther born?
When did Martin Luther die?
What church did Martin Luther reject?
What did Martin Luther believe could be purchased with money?
What was the result of Luther's refusal to retract his writings at the Diet of Worms?
What did Luther believe salvation and subsequently eternal life is received as a free what?
What did Luther believe was the redeemer from sin?
Who did Luther's theology challenge?
What is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God?
What did Luther consider all baptized Christians to be?
What did von Bora translate into the vernacular?
What type of German language was the Tyndale Bible translated into?
What was the English translation of the Bible?
What did von Bora's hymns influence?
What did von Bora's marriage allow?
When was Martin Luther born?
Where was Martin Luther born?
What empire was Eisleben a part of?
What religion was Martin Luther baptized as?
What was the profession of Martin Luther's mother?
What university did Von Neumann attend in 1501?
What was the University of Erfurt?
When was he made to wake every morning?
What type of learning did Von Neumann have?
When did he receive his master's degree?
What school did Luther attend?
What did Luther believe law represented?
What subjects did Luther focus on?
How did Luther test everything?
What did Luther feel was more important to him than reason?
What did Luther think he was terrified of?
When did Luther leave law school?
Where did Luther go after he left law school?
What did a friend blame the decision to enter a closed Augustinian cloister?
What did Luther's father think was a waste of his time?
What order did Luther devote himself to?
What did Luther describe the period of his life as?
What was Luther made of?
Who was Luther's superior?
What did Luther believe should be the cause of true repentance?
When was Von Staupitz ordained to the priesthood?
Who was the first dean of the University of Wittenberg?
In what year did von Staupitz send Luther to teach theology?
When did Von Staupitz receive a bachelor's degree in Biblical studies?
Where did von Staupitz receive a bachelor's degree in Biblical studies?
When was he awarded his Doctor of Theology?
When was he received into the senate of the theological faculty?
What position was Von Neumann called to in 1512?
Where was he received into the senate of the theological faculty?
On October 19, 1512, what was Von Neumann awarded?
When was Tetzel sent to Germany?
What did Tetzel sell indulgences to raise money for?
What church sent Tetzel to Germany?
What does Fides caritate formata mean?
What does Fides caritate formata mean?
When did Luther write to Albert of Mainz about the sale of indulgences?
Who was Luther's bishop in 1517?
What was Luther's Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences called?
Who wrote The Ninety-Five Theses?
Which of the The Ninety-Five Theses addresses the issue of the sale of indulgences?
Who is credited with the saying that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings springs, the soul from purgatory springs"?
What rings did Luther believe springs from purgatory?
Who objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings springs, the soul from purgatory springs."
Who is credited with the saying that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings springs, the soul from purgatory springs"?
According to Paul VI, who was responsible for forgiveness?
What did Paul VI believe were in error?
What did Paul VI believe did not absolve buyers from?
What did Paul VI say Christians should not slacken in following Christ on account of?
Who did Paul VI say must not slacken in following Christ on account of false assurances?
Who said that indulgences for the living were in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What was Tetzel's saying about indulgences for the living a reflection of?
What did Tetzel overstated?
What did Tetzel believe was in line with Catholic dogma of the time?
What story has little foundation in truth?
What story has little foundation in truth?
Whose comments are the story of the posting on the door based on?
According to scholars Walter Krämer, Götz Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause, where was Philipp Melanchthon?
According to scholars Walter Krämer, Götz Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause, the story of the posting on the door has what?
When were the 95 Theses translated into German?
The controversy was one of the first to be aided by what?
Who translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German?
How long did it take for copies of the 95 Theses to spread throughout Germany?
How long had the 95 Theses spread throughout Europe?
When did Luther's writings reach France, England, and Italy?
Who visited Wittenberg to hear Luther speak?
When did Luther publish his work on the Psalms?
When was On the Christian Nobility of the German Nation published?
Which of Luther's works was published in 1520?
What did Luther do from 1510 to 1520?
What terms did Luther use by the Catholic Church in new ways?
What did Luther believe the Catholic Church was?
What did Luther believe the church was corrupt in its ways?
What was the most important for Luther?
Luther came to understand justification as entirely the work of who?
When was On the Bondage of the Will published?
What did Luther believe about justification?
Where did Luther explain his concept of Justification?
What did Luther believe about the just person of the Bible?
What was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation?
What did Luther railing against?
How many points did Luther's rediscovery of "Christ and His salvation" make?
Who did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses?
Where did Albrecht send the 95 Theses to?
What did Albrecht need to pay off for his tenure of more than one bishopric?
How much was to go to the building of St Peter's Church in Rome?
When did Albrecht send the 95 Theses to Rome?
Who was used to examine reformers and heretics?
Who did Cajetan use against Luther?
When was the Imperial Diet held?
What did Cajetan believe about the papacy?
What did Cajetan want to do with Luther?
When did the papal nuncio Karl von Miltitz adopt a conciliatory approach?
What did Karl von Miltitz promise to do if his opponents did not speak?
Who was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum?
What passage did Luther claim did not confer on popes the exclusive right to interpret scripture?
What did Eck call Luther in 1519?
On what date was the papal bull Exsurge Domine issued?
What did the papal bull say Luther risked excommunication if he did?
How long was the Exsurge Domine supposed to last?
Who was a papal nuncio?
When did Pope Leo X excommunicate Luther?
Who enforced the ban on the 95 Theses?
When did Luther appear before the Diet of Worms?
Who attended the Diet of Worms?
Who presided over the Diet of Worms?
Who was the Elector of Saxony?
Who presented Luther with copies of his writings?
Who did Johann Eck work for?
What did Eck ask Luther if he believed he was the author?
When did Luther give his response to Eck's question?
How did Luther respond to Eck's question?
What did Luther do at the end of the speech?
What did Luther raise his arm in a traditional salute?
Who considers Luther's speech a world classic of epoch-making oratory?
What does Michael Mullett call Luther's speech?
What did Luther refuse to do?
Who refused to recant his writings?
Were Luther's words recorded or not recorded in witness accounts of the proceedings?
What type of words did Luther tend to select?
What was held to determine Luther's fate?
When was the final draft of the Edict of Worms presented?
Who presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms?
What did the Edict of Worms require?
What did the Edict of Worms allow anyone to do without legal consequence?
What happened during Luther's return trip to Wittenberg?
Where did Frederick III escort Luther to?
What was Luther's nickname during his stay at Wartburg?
What did Luther translate from Greek into German?
How did Frederick III feel about Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz?
According to Luther, every good work designed to attract God's favor is what?
How can God's grace make all humans just?
When did Luther write to Melanchthon?
What did Luther say should be stronger?
According to Luther, what is not a place where good work designed to attract God's favor is a sin?
When did Luther write On Confession, Whether the Pope has the Power to Require It?
What did Luther think of the idea that the mass is a sacrifice?
What did Luther believe the mass was a sacrifice?
What did the essay On Confession, Whether the Pope has the Power to Require It encourage?
What did Luther tell monks and nuns they could do without sin?
What did Luther place the foundations of the Reformation on?
In what year did Luther begin to focus on prophecy?
Where did Luther focus on the Little Horn?
What was Luther's main interest in?
Who was identified as the power of the Papacy?
Who supported Andreas Karlstadt?
When did Luther embark on a radical programme of reform?
What did the reforms cause?
What was the name of the group of visionary zealots that arrived at Wittenberg in 1521?
Who asked Luther to return to Wittenberg?
When did Luther return to Wittenberg?
What did Luther say he could repair by writing?
What did Luther do during Lent?
What were Luther's eight sermons known as?
What did Luther tell the citizens to do when they returned to Wittenberg?
Was the effect of Luther's intervention immediate or immediate?
Who wrote to the elector after the sixth sermon?
When did Jerome Schurf write to the elector?
What did Jerome Schurf feel about Dr. Martin's return?
What type of people did Martin's words bring back every day?
What did Luther work with the authorities to restore?
What type of force did Luther have within the Reformation?
Who did Luther ban?
What did the radical reformers threaten the new order with?
Who did Luther face a battle against?
What was Nicholas Storch's profession?
What war did Storch and Müntzer help instigate?
When was the German Peasants' War?
What did many peasants believe Luther would do with the upper classes?
Who did the peasants believe Luther would support an attack on?
Who did Luther remind the aggrieved to obey?
When did Luther become enraged at the burning of convents and monasteries?
What did Luther call the rebels?
What did Luther call the violence in Thuringia?
Who did Luther call to put down the rebels?
How did Luther justify his opposition to the rebels?
What did Luther believe the rebels were doing?
Who were all authorities appointed by?
What doctrine did Luther believe was the foundation for the rebellion?
How did Luther say the rebels deserved death?
Why did many rebels lay down their weapons?
Who defeated the rebels at the Battle of Frankenhausen?
When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?
What event brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close?
Who supported Luther's Reformation?
Who did Martin Luther marry?
How were the nuns smuggled out?
How old was Katharina when she married Martin Luther?
How old was Luther when he married Katharina von Bora?
When did Martin Luther marry Katharina von Bora?
When was Johannes Bugenhagen and Justus Jonas engaged?
On what day was the wedding held?
Along with the ceremonial walk to the church, what was left out of the wedding?
When was the wedding banquet made up?
Who was the couple engaged with?
What did Luther's wedding set on clerical marriage?
What did Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on?
Why was Luther opposed to celibacy?
What did Karlstadt and Justus Jonas expect?
What did Melanchthon call Luther's decision to marry?
What former monastery did Luther and his wife live in?
Where did Luther and his wife live?
How many children did Luther and Katharina have?
What did Katharina and Luther exchange for?
How did Katharina earn a living?
What was the Biblical ideal of congregations that had proved unworkable?
What did Luther establish from 1525 to 1529?
What type of worship service did Luther lay down in 1526?
How many catechisms did Luther write in 1526?
What was Luther's thought about the confessional church?
What did Luther avoid?
Where did Luther concentrate on the church?
What did Luther use the church in the Electorate of Saxony as?
Who was the new elector of Saxony?
What type of government did Martin Brecht believe the church should be under?
When was the German Mass published?
What did Luther not intend the German Mass to replace?
What group did Luther think the German Mass was an alternative to?
What did Luther omit from the Catholic service?
What did the German Mass allow?
When did the visitation of the Electorate of Saxony begin?
When did Luther introduce the new order of worship?
Along with pastoral care, what did Luther and his colleagues assess in the territory?
What did Luther believe the common people did not know at all?
Many pastors are well-nigh unskilled and what?
What was the name of the method Luther devised to teach the basics of Christianity to the congregations?
When did Luther write the Large Catechism?
Who did Luther write the Large Catechism for?
Who was required to memorize the Small Catechism?
What did Luther incorporate in the catechism?
What is one of Luther's most personal works?
What did Luther plan to collect?
Along with the Bondage of the Will, what is one of Luther's most personal works?
What has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching?
Along with the Small Catechism, what book did Luther translate?
What was the name of Luther's catechism that helped parents teach their children?
What was effective for pastors?
What language did the Larger Catechism use?
How did Luther portray the Trinity?
Where did the Apostles' Creed originate?
When was the German translation of the New Testament published?
When was the Old Testament translated into German?
What did Luther and his collaborators finish in 1534?
How did Luther respond to the criticism of inserting the word "faith"?
What was Luther's response to the criticism of the word "alone" after "faith" in Romans 3:28?
Where did Luther use the variant of German spoken at?
To what Germans was the German spoken at the Saxon chancellery intelligible?
Who did Luther want to make the Bible accessible to?
What did Luther hope other people would do with the Bible?
What did Luther hope to remove?
The Luther Bible was published at a time of rising demand for what?
What did Luther's version of the Bible become a popular and influential?
What did the Luther Bible contribute to?
Who made woodcuts for the Luther Bible?
Who wrote the English Bible?
What did Luther do with his hymns?
What type of music did Luther connect?
What was Luther's tool of choice for connecting high art and folk music?
What instrument did Luther use to sing German hymns?
What was the lute later recreated as?
Luther's hymns were frequently evoked by what?
Why were Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes martyred?
What was the name of the hymn Luther wrote about a new song we raise?
Who translated the hymn "Ein neues Lied wir heben an" into English?
What was the name of the first line of Luther's hymn?
When was Luther's hymn "Wir glauben all an einen Gott" published?
What did Luther explain in the Small Catechism?
Where was Luther's 1529 hymn written?
What was Luther's hymn adapted and expanded from?
Why did Luther use the hymn "Wir glauben all an einen Gott"?
When was Luther's version of the Lord's Prayer written?
Where was Luther's version of the Lord's Prayer found?
What did Luther use the hymn to examine candidates on?
What does the extant manuscript show about the Lord's Prayer?
What did Luther's version of the Lord's Prayer use?
When was "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir" published?
Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir was a hymnic version of what Psalm?
What did Luther encourage evangelical colleagues to do?
Where was the first Lutheran hymnal published?
What did the expanded version of Aus tiefer Not express?
What was the main hymn for Advent?
What was the main hymn for Advent?
What did "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" become for Advent?
How many hymns did Luther write on the Ten Commandments?
What was the main hymn for Advent?
What topic did Luther discuss in the Small Catechism?
Whose tune was associated with a hymnic setting of Psalm 67's prayer for grace?
What is Psalm 67?
Who wrote the hymn "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam"?
Where was Wolf Heintz's four-part setting used in 1541?
Where were Lutheran hymns included?
How many songs were supplied by the First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch?
How many songs were in the Erfurt Enchiridion?
How many songs were in the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter?
What hymnal was published in 1524?
Who included several verses as chorales in his cantatas?
What did Johann Sebastian Bach base his cantatas on?
When was Christ lag in Todes Banden written?
When was Bach's second annual cycle?
In what year was Christ lag in Todes Banden written?
What does a Christian's soul do after it is separated from the body in death?
What did Luther reject for the saints?
What did Luther believe a Christian's soul do after it is separated from the body in death?
What did Luther believe about Purgatory?
In what work did Luther believe that a Christian's soul sleeps after it is separated from the body?
Which Lutheran theologian observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from later Lutheran theologians?
Who was a notable Lutheran theologian?
Who was the later Lutheran theologian that disagreed with Luther's views on the state of the Christian's soul after death?
When was Lessing born?
What book contains a passage that concludes that the soul does not sleep but wakes?
Who argued that John Jortin misread this passage?
In what year did Francis Blackburne argue that John Jortin misread the passage in On the Origin of Species?
Who pointed out in 1867 that it actually refers to the soul of a man "in this life"?
What did Luther say was interrupted by his sleep?
When was the Marburg Colloquy?
Who was Philip I?
What did Philip I want to establish in the emerging Protestant states?
How many points did the Marburg Colloquy achieve?
What was the exception to the agreement?
What did the theologians disagree on at the Last Supper?
What did Luther insist on the Real Presence of in the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther call the consecrated bread and wine?
What did Luther's opponents believe God was only spiritually?
How did the debate between Luther and his opponents differ?
When was the Augsburg Confession signed?
What paved the way for the signing of the Augsburg Confession?
The Marburg Colloquy led to the formation of what league?
Who did not sign the Marburg Colloquy?
Who formed the Schmalkaldic League?
What did Luther think of faith and reason?
What did Luther believe could not be illuminated by reason?
According to Luther, why does reason not contribute to faith?
What did Luther believe could not be illuminated by reason?
What was Luther's concern in separating faith and reason?
What did Luther write in 1523?
What did Luther lose hope in as the Reformation continued?
Who did Luther believe should be mistreated?
Along with Zwinglianism and the papacy, what group did Luther attack?
When did Luther write Von den Juden und ihren Lügen?
How did Luther view the Turks?
What did Luther believe the Turks were sent to do?
What did Luther believe the Turks would do?
What did Luther believe the antichrist was?
What type of war did Luther support?
What did Luther read in 1542?
What did Luther produce in 1542?
What religion did Luther write about?
What did Luther view the Muslim faith as?
Why did Luther oppose banning the publication of the Qur'an?
What did Agricola claim the Ten Commandments revealed?
Who preached a sermon in which he claimed that God's gospel was not God's moral law?
Where did Agricola claim that the law was no longer taught to Christians but belonged to?
What was the name of the six series of the sermon preached by Johannes Agricola?
What book did Agricola write in 1537?
What is the second use of the law?
What is the second use of the law?
What is used to work sorrow over sin?
What is the second use of the law?
What is the second use of the law?
What do the Ten Commandments positively teach a Christian?
What is considered to be God's condemning judgment but as an expression of his eternal will?
What is the third use of the law?
What is Christ's life considered to be nothing more than?
What is considered to be God's condemning judgment but as an expression of his eternal will?
What sacrament is a foreshadowing of the future angel-like life in heaven?
What is a foreshadowing of the believers' future angel-like life in heaven in the midst of this life?
What do the Ten Commandments direct the Christian to?
What did Philip I want to do with his wife's ladies-in-waiting?
What did Luther become implicated in?
Who did Philip want to marry?
What did Martin Brecht think of Philip I's bigamy?
What did the affair cause to Luther's reputation?
What happened to the Jews when Luther lived in a local community?
What group did Luther write about throughout his career?
What did Luther believe Jews were guilty of?
What did Luther believe the Jews rejected?
What did Luther hope to do with the Jews?
What was the name of Luther's 60,000-word treatise on the Jews?
When was Luther's Vom Schem Hamphoras und vom Geschlecht Christi published?
When was Luther's work published?
What did Luther call the Jews?
What did Luther say the Jews were "the devil's people"?
Who did Luther speak out against in Saxony, Brandenburg and Silesia?
Who was the priest who wrote and issued many heretical books?
What did Josel think of anyone who would help the Jews?
What did Josel ask the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of?
When did Martin Luther die?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What contributed to the development of antisemitism in Germany?
What did On the Jews and their Lies provide anideal underpinning for the Nazis?
Who was the most widely read author of his generation?
What type of book was On the Jews and their Lies?
When did seven Protestant regional church confederations issue a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge?
Who had already suggested preventive measures against the Jews?
Who wrote a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht?
Who published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht?
What did the seven Protestant confederations call Luther?
What do some scholars see the Nazis' use of Luther's work as?
What caused Luther to become one of the 'church fathers'?
What did Luther's work provide material for?
When were Luther's writings ignored?
What was Luther's position on the Jews and their Lies?
What caused a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism?
Who wrote that Luther's violence lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism?
What did Paul Rose believe Luther caused to enter German thought and discourse?
Who used Luther's hostility to the Jews to justify anti-Semitic policies?
What did the German Lutheran clergy and theologians use to justify the anti-Judaic policies?
What was the cause of Luther's antisemitic views?
Why did Luther's antisemitic views deteriorate?
What did Luther use for effect in his writings?
Along with the Jews, what other groups did Luther often use violence against?
What book was written by Mark U. Edwards in 1983?
When did Lutheran Church denominations repudiate Martin Luther's statements against the Jews?
According to the 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans, what did Lutherans feel about Jews?
Who is a former Professor of Modern History at the University of Nottingham, England?
During what years did Luther vote for the Nazis?
What happened to Luther from 1531 to 1546?
What scandal contributed to the decline of Luther's health?
What was Luther suffering from in 1536?
Along with kidney and bladder stones, what other health issues did Luther suffer in 1536?
What was the name of Luther's illness in 1544?
What made Luther short-tempered and harsher in his writings?
What made Luther short-tempered and harsher?
What was Luther's response to the rumors of his poor physical health?
Who overheard Luther saying "Dear husband, you are too rude"?
How many times did Luther preach in the Market Church in Halle?
Where was Luther's last sermon delivered?
When was Luther's last sermon at Eisleben?
Who was Luther's last sermon devoted to?
What did Luther want the obdurate Jews to expel from?
What did Luther hope to do to the obdurate Jews?
Where was Luther's final journey to?
What did Luther participate in in late 1545?
When did Luther visit Mansfeld?
When was Luther's third visit to Mansfeld?
Who did Luther worry about continuing in his father's copper mining trade?
When were the negotiations concluded?
What was Luther experiencing when he went to his bed?
What is the common prayer of the dying?
What was the common prayer of Luther?
When did Luther wake up with more chest pain?
What deprived Luther of his speech?
When did Luther die?
When did Luther die?
Where was Luther buried?
Who attended Luther's funeral?
What did Luther write on a piece of paper?
In what language was Luther's last statement written?
What was Luther's last statement in Latin?
What size was important to the spread of Protestantism?
Who was depicted as a stout man with a "double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck"?
How was Luther portrayed as compared to the secular German princes?
What type of group did Luther belong to?
During what years were the images of Luther printed?
When is Luther honored in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints?
Where is Luther commemorated?
When is Luther commemorated in the Church of England's Calendar of Saints?
Where is Luther commemorated on 31 October?
How is Luther honored in the Lutheran Calendar of Saints?
What is Southern California often abbreviated as?
How many counties are in SoCal?
What is Southern California a major?
What are the "eight counties" based on?
What is the more extensive 10-county definition of SoCal based on?
What is one of the 11 megaregions of the United States?
How many megaregions does the greater Southern California Megaregion have?
Which state is the greater Southern California Megaregion located in?
What border does the greater Southern California Megaregion border?
Which Mexican border is the greater Southern California Megaregion located in?
Which coast does Southern California stretch along?
How many metropolitan areas are in Southern California?
How many people live in the Los Angeles area?
Along with the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inland Empire, what is the largest metropolitan area in Southern California?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What river is on the border with Arizona?
Which desert is to the east of the Colorado River?
What Desert is on the border with the state of Nevada?
What border is to the south of the Mojave Desert?
In what state is Los Angeles located?
What is the population of Los Angeles?
Along with San Diego, what major city is located in southern California?
Along with Los Angeles and San Diego, what major city is located in southern California?
In which direction is San Diego located?
Along with Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside, what is the most populous county in the state?
Where are the top 15 most populous counties in the United States?
What are the five most populous in the state?
How many populous counties are in the US?
What are the five most populous in the state?
What district in Los Angeles is associated with the motion picture industry?
Where is the motion picture, television, and music industry located?
Who owns ABC?
Along with motion picture and television, what industry is centered on Los Angeles?
Along with Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, and 20th Century Fox, what major record company is headquartered in Los Angeles?
Along with surf and yachting, what sport is popular in Southern California?
Which professional skateboarder is based in Southern California?
Who is a professional snowboarder in Southern California?
What is the second largest island in the world in terms of famous surf breaks?
What is the name of the annual yachting event in Southern California?
What desert city is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces?
What do many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for?
Which coast of California do many tourists frequent?
What is Palm Springs famous for?
What is the latitude of California's north-south midway point?
How many miles away from San Jose is Southern California?
How many southern counties does Southern California refer to?
Along with Point Conception, what mountains form the northern boundary of Southern California?
Along with southern California, what is another name for southern California?
Which country ruled California prior to 1850?
What is the lower part of California called?
Which city in the upper part of Alta California was involved in political disputes between the Californios?
What was the name of the agreement that allowed the division of Alta California?
What type of state was California before the Compromise of 1850?
What were Californios unsatisfied with?
In what area of southern California did pro-slavery southerners try to achieve separate statehood?
How many times did pro-slavery southerners attempt to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California?
What percentage of voters approved the Pico Act?
Who was a strong advocate for a separate statehood?
Who defined southern California as including seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara?
In what year did the Los Angeles Times define southern California as including seven counties?
In what year did the Times add Imperial to its list?
What is the name of the newer county that the Times added to southern California in 1999?
How many counties did the Los Angeles Times call southern California in 1900?
What groups divide the state?
Along with the Automobile Club of Southern California, what AAA Auto Club is in California?
What type of point of view does the state have?
What is the name of the geographical phrase that would split the southern region off?
Along with northern, central, and northern, what region of California is most commonly divided and promoted by regional tourism groups?
Where does Southern California rank among megalopolis in the US?
What has been left undeveloped?
Southern California is famous for its large, spread out, what type of communities?
Southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and what?
What is the third most populated megalopolis in the US?
What is the main gap to continued urbanization?
Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with what other area?
Who considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County?
Along with L.A. and San Bernardino, what county has a significant population growth?
When did Temecula and Murrieta develop?
What type of climate does Southern California have?
What is the Mediterranean climate in Southern California?
What is the temperature range in Southern California in the summers?
Is snow common in the Southwest of the state?
What is the average temperature in Southern California?
What body of water is Southern California located in?
What type of collection of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes does Southern California have?
Along with geologic, what type of landscape does Southern California have?
Along with the Transverse, what Ranges are in Southern California?
What are the large and small interior of Southern California?
How many earthquakes does the southern California area have each year?
Are all of the earthquakes in the southern California area small or large?
What was the magnitude of the 1994 Northridge earthquake?
What did the 1994 Northridge earthquake cause?
How much property damage did the 1994 Northridge earthquake cause?
Which faults can produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake?
What is the magnitude of the San Andreas Fault?
Along with the San Jacinto Fault and Elsinore Fault Zone, what faults can produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake?
What organization has released a California Earthquake forecast?
What does the California Earthquake forecast model?
Along with culturally, politically, and culturally, what is Southern California divided into?
What type of recognition is often the hub of economic activity for its respective region?
Along with culturally, politically, and culturally, what is Southern California divided into distinctive regions?
In what year did the U.S. Census reveal the population of southern California?
What is southern California known for?
What was the state average in the 2000s?
What type of economy is in the Bay Area?
Along with the Bay Area, what region of the state has a growing population?
What is the largest metropolitan area in Southern California?
How many extended metropolitan areas are in Southern California?
What is the largest metropolitan area in Southern California?
The El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form what region?
How many people live in the Greater Los Angeles Area?
What is the second largest city in all of California?
How many people live in San Diego?
How many cities are in southern California?
What is the population of the 34 cities in southern California?
Along with San Bernardino, what is the largest city in southern California?
What is Southern California heavily dependent on?
Along with film, television, and music, what film industry is located in Southern California?
What was Southern California a leader in in 2001-2007?
What is Southern California's economy?
What has Southern California's economy been affected by the housing crash?
Since what decade have motion pictures, petroleum and aircraft manufacturing been major industries?
What type of agricultural regions in the U.S. are cattle and citrus?
Along with cattle and agriculture, what was a major industry until farmlands were turned into suburbs?
Along with citrus, what animal was a major industry in one of the richest agricultural regions in the US?
What continues to be a major factor in the economy?
What type of district is Southern California home to?
What does CBD stand for?
Along with Downtown Riverside and Downtown Riverside, what is a major business district in Southern California?
What type of district is Downtown Burbank?
In what area is Downtown Burbank located?
Where is Warner Center located?
In what area is Downtown Burbank located?
The San Bernardino-Riverside area maintains what type of districts in Downtown San Bernardino?
What area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside?
What is the name of the business district in Downtown San Bernardino?
Which county is a rapidly developing business center?
Where are international corporations headquartered?
Where is the Irvine Spectrum located?
Along with Downtown Santa Ana and Newport Center, what is a major business center in Orange County?
Is Orange County growing quickly or rapidly?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
Where are most of the business districts located?
Where are most of the business districts in San Diego located?
What is the central business district of San Diego?
What is the second-busiest airport in the US by passenger volume?
What is the second-busiest airport in the United States by?
Where does Los Angeles International Airport rank by international passenger volume?
What is the busiest single runway airport in the world?
What is the world's busiest general aviation airport?
What is the name of the commuter rail system that runs out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many lines of the commuter rail system run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
How many of the seven lines of the commuter rail system run out of Downtown Los Angeles?
Along with San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties, what county is connected by Metrolink?
What is the United States' busiest commercial port?
What is the busiest container port in Southern California?
Which part of California is home to the Port of Los Angeles?
What is the nickname for the region's diversified technology and industrial base?
What type of university is the Tech Coast known for?
Along with public universities, what type of universities are located on the Tech Coast?
How many University of California campuses are in the Tech Coast?
How many California State University campuses are located in Bakersfield?
What sport do the Los Angeles Rams belong to?
What sport do the Los Angeles Lakers belong to?
What is the name of the professional sports team in Southern California?
What is the name of the Anaheim Ducks?
What is the name of the professional sports team in Southern California?
Along with the LA Galaxy, what Major League Soccer team played at the StubHub Center?
How many Major League Soccer teams were in Los Angeles from 2005 to 2014?
In what year did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA play at the StubHub Center?
Where did the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA play from 2005 to 2014?
When is the second team scheduled to return to Los Angeles?
What type of sports are popular in southern California?
Which university has a rivalry with the USC Trojans?
What is the name of the athletic team in the Pac-12 Conference?
What conference are the UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans in?
In what NCAA division are the UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans field teams?
What is a growing sport in southern California?
At what level is rugby a growing sport in southern California?
What has rugby become in southern California?
What is the largest digital subscription television company in the UK?
What is the largest digital subscription television company in the UK?
In what year did BSkyB acquire Sky Italia?
What did British Sky Broadcasting Group change its name to?
What was the new name given to the British Sky Broadcasting Group?
In what year was Setanta Sports awarded two of the six Premier League packages?
How many Premier League packages was Setanta Sports awarded in 2006?
What company's monopoly came to an end from the 2007-08 season?
How much did Sky pay for the remaining four Premier League games?
What consortium was BSkyB excluded from being a part of?
What is the name of the free-to-air network that BSkyB joined?
Prior to October 2005, how many BSkyB channels were available on this platform?
Along with Sky News and Sky Sports News, what was the third BSkyB channel to be available on the ONdigital platform?
What was the new name given to BSkyB in 2011?
BSkyB initially charged additional subscription fees for using what with their service?
When did BSkyB begin to charge additional subscription fees for using a Sky+ PVR?
Customers that do not subscribe to BSkyB's channels can still pay what to enable Sky+ functions?
When did BSkyB discontinue the Sky+ Box?
What did BSkyB start to issue as standard in January 2010?
What pay-TV scrambling system does BSkyB use?
Who owns the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system?
What company owns NDS?
Who uses the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system?
What does BSkyB call its Personal video recorder?
What did Virgin Media remove from the network on 1 March 2007?
In what year did BSkyB and Virgin Media become involved in a dispute over the carriage of Sky channels on cable TV?
What did Virgin Media claim that BSkyB did for the channels?
Along with HD channels, what content was not previously carried by cable TV?
What did BSkyB and Virgin Media include in their new deal?
When did the English High Court of Justice find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
In what year did the English High Court find that Microsoft's use of the term "SkyDrive" infringed on Sky's right to the "Sky" trademark?
What did the English High Court say SkyDrive would become?
What was the new name of the SkyDrive cloud storage service?
What service did BSkyB and Microsoft rename SkyDrive?
Who was the chief executive officer of Sky in 1993?
On what satellites were the four channels formerly available free-to-air broadcast?
When did BSkyB end its analogue service?
What platform did BSkyB expand in 1993?
How many households did BSkyB reach by mid-1994?
What is another name for Sky UK Limited?
What type of company is Sky UK Limited?
As of 2015, how many customers did Sky have?
Who overtook Sky UK Limited in April 2007?
What is the name of the broadband router in the Sky Q range?
What do the Sky Q Mini set top boxes connect to?
What does the Sky Q range allow all set top boxes to do?
When will the Sky Q range of products and services be available?
When will the Sky Q range of products and services be available?
What are BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts in?
What type of soundtracks are available on Sky Movies and Sky Box Office?
Sky+ HD material is broadcast using what standard?
What system does the 7-day EPG use?
Most of the HD material uses what standard?
When was Sky Digital launched?
What satellite did Sky use when it launched in 1998?
Along with the Astra 2A satellite, what other satellite was used for Sky's all-digital service?
How many television and radio channels did the new all-digital service carry?
At what orbital position was the Astra 2A satellite located?
When did BSkyB launch its HDTV service?
How many people had registered to receive the HD service before the launch of Sky+ HD?
Who manufactured the STB?
How many customers had yet to receive the Sky+ HD service?
What was the total number of homes with Sky+HD?
When did BSkyB announce its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels?
When did Setanta Sports launch as a subscription service?
BSkyB announced its intention to replace its three free-to-air channels with what channels?
What was NTL's services re-branded as?
What sport did BSkyB plan to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with?
What is another name for free to air broadcasts that do not require a monthly subscription?
What does free-to-view not require?
What equipped receiver can be used to view encrypted content?
What band is required to view encrypted content?
What service is the VideoGuard UK equipped receiver dedicated to?
In what year were talks held for the broadcast rights for Premier League for a five-year period?
Who was the current rights holder of the Premier League?
How much did ITV pay per year to keep control of the rights?
Who did BSkyB join forces with to make a counter bid?
How much did BSkyB pay for the Premier League rights?
BSkyB has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG?
How much is the fee for access to BSkyB's EPG?
Does BSkyB have a veto over the presence of channels on their EPG?
Does BSkyB carry any control over the channels on their EPG?
Does BSkyB carry any control over the channels on their EPG?
When was BSkyB's digital service launched?
What was the original name of BSkyB's digital service?
What was BSkyB's digital service called?
Who did BSkyB compete with?
How many digiboxes were sold in the first 30 days?
When was Virgin Media re-branded?
What company started to offer HDTV capable set top boxes in 2007?
What service did Virgin Media concentrate on?
Which linear HD channel did Virgin Media only carry after the conclusion of the ITV HD trial?
What HD channel did Virgin Media have an option to carry in the future?
How many homes did BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service reach in 2010?
What was the target audience for BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service?
When was BSkyB's direct-to-home satellite service available in 10 million homes?
What percentage of households did BSkyB reach in the UK?
What happened to the subscriber numbers in Europe in 2010?
What did Shelbrooke propose the payments of benefits and tax credits on?
What did the Daily Mail claim the Welfare Cash Card could be used to buy?
What did the Daily Mail claim a subscription to BSkyB was?
What did the UK government's benefits agency check in 2012?
A subscription to sports channels would betray what in the household?
What is the fixed annual carriage fees for the channels?
Is there any indication as to whether the new deal includes additional Video On Demand and High Definition content?
BSkyB and which other company agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of their basic channels?
Who previously offered additional Video On Demand and High Definition content?
BSkyB and Virgin Media agreed to terminate all High Court proceedings against each other relating to the carriage of what?
What is the economy of Victoria?
Where does Victoria's total gross state product rank in Australia?
How does Victoria rank in terms of GSP per capita?
What city is home to a number of museums, art galleries and theatres?
What is the largest stadium in Australia?
Where is the legacy of Chinese miners particularly strong?
Where were the Lambing Flat riots?
Where did a riot occur in 1857?
How many Chinese miners were killed in the outbreak of typhoid at Buckland Valley?
What were the conditions on the gold fields?
What type of representation system did the Victorian Legislative Council use in 2006?
How many electorates was the State of Victoria divided into?
How many representatives were elected by Single Transferable Vote?
How long is the term of office for the lower house members?
How often do elections for the Victorian Parliament occur?
What does ALP stand for?
Which political party is the center-right in Australia?
What is the rural-based political party in Australia?
Which political party is strongest in inner Melbourne?
What is the name of the centre-left Australian party?
What percentage of Victorians describe themselves as Christian?
What percentage of Victorians are Roman Catholics?
What is the state's largest non-Christian religion?
As of the most recent census, how many Victorians are Buddhists?
What percentage of Victorians claim no religion?
Where is Victoria located?
Is Victoria the most populated or most densely populated state in Australia?
Where does Victoria rank in population among Australian states?
What is Australia's second-largest city?
How does Melbourne rank among Australian cities?
What were the Aboriginal peoples collectively known as?
When did Great Britain claim the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian east?
Victoria was included in the wider colony of what state?
Where was the first settlement in the area?
When did the first settlement in the area occur?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of Victorian farmland is sown for wheat?
How much of Victorian farmland is sown for grain?
What percentage of Australian pears are produced by Victorian farms?
How many tonnes of tomatoes were produced in Victorian farmland in 2003-04?
When was the written constitution enacted?
What was the Victoria Constitution Act 1855 based on?
Who can amend the Victorian Constitution?
The Victorian Constitution can be amended by the Parliament of Victoria except for what type of provisions?
What was the 1855 colonial constitution passed by the United Kingdom Parliament called?
What are the Mallee and upper Wimmera?
What is the average temperature in Melbourne during the summer?
What is the average temperature in Melbourne in winter?
What was Victoria's highest temperature since World War II?
In what year was the highest temperature recorded in Hopetoun?
What are public schools also known as?
Who runs Victoria's public schools?
What is levied by the Victoria Department of Education?
Who runs the parish schools in Victoria?
What type of standards must all schools comply with?
What are Ford, Toyota, and Holden?
What year did Toyota announce it was shutting down its Victorian plants?
When did Holden announce it was shutting down its Victorian plants?
When will Ford's Victorian plants close?
Which major car brand has its manufacturing plants in Victoria?
How tall are the Victorian alpine areas?
What is the highest peak in Victoria?
How high is Mount Bogong?
What type of system is in Victoria?
What is the state bird in Victoria?
What is the coldest part of Victoria?
The Alps are part of what mountain system?
Where does the Great Dividing Range mountain system extend?
What is the average temperature in the highest parts of the ranges?
What is the lowest temperature in Victoria?
What type of lines do private and public railway operators operate over?
Who runs an extensive, electrified passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs?
Who owns the V/Line?
What does CFCL Australia operate?
What type of system does Metro Trains Melbourne run?
How many seats are in the Australian House of Representatives?
How many seats are in the Australian Senate?
What is the lower house of Victoria called?
What is the name of the upper house of Victoria?
Who is the Governor of Victoria?
When were writs issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council?
When was the first Victorian Legislative Council elected?
What was the largest event the world has ever seen?
How much did the population of Victoria increase in ten years?
How much gold did Victoria produce between 1851 and 1860?
How many public schools were in Victoria as of August 2010?
As of August 2010, how many Catholic schools were in Victoria?
How many students were enrolled in public schools as of August 2010?
As of August 2010, how many full-time teachers were in Victoria?
What percentage of private students attend Catholic schools?
Which state is the center of dairy farming in Australia?
How many dairy cattle are in Australia?
What percentage of Australia's 3 million dairy cattle are in Victoria?
How much of Australia's milk is produced by Victoria?
Where is most abalone and rock lobster exported?
What is the broad gauge used on Victorian railways?
The interstate trunk routes in the west of the state have been converted to what?
How many narrow gauge lines do tourist railways operate over?
Where were the former government-owned lines built?
How many formerly government-owned lines were built in mountainous areas?
When was the colony of New South Wales founded?
What colony was founded in 1788?
What was the western half of Australia called?
In what city was New Holland under the administration of the colonial government?
When was the Eureka Stockade?
Who crushed the Eureka Stockade?
What was the name of the rebellion against the government of Victoria?
What did the Eureka Stockade reduce?
What act was passed in 1855?
The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with what?
Who is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly?
Who is elected to either house of parliament?
Who is the current Premier of Victoria?
What type of representatives are in the Cabinet?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production during 2003-04?
What was the gross value of Victorian agricultural production during 2003-04?
How many farms occupied around 136,000 square kilometres of Victorian land?
How many square miles of Victorian land were occupied by farms in 2004?
What percentage of Victorian land is used for agriculture?
Major events play a big part in what in Victoria?
Along with cultural tourism and cultural tourism, what type of tourism plays a big part in Victoria's tourism?
Where are most of the major events in Victoria located?
Where do the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix occur?
What is the name of the major event in Bells Beach?
Where did Huguenot numbers concentrate?
How much of French Catholics were Huguenots?
When were the Wars of Religion fought?
What granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
Where was the term Huguenot first used?
Where was John Calvin's adopted home?
What Swiss politician died in 1532?
What was the name given to Huguenot in 1560?
When was the Amboise plot?
What was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church?
When was a French version of the Scriptures prepared?
Who prepared the French version of the Bible?
When was the French version of the Bible printed?
Where was the Bible printed in 1487?
Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 what?
Where was the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté"?
What was the name of the edict granted to the Huguenots in 1629?
In what year did the siege by the royal army occur?
When was the Edict of Alès?
Where did the Huguenots settle?
Where did the first Huguenot settle?
Who was the first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
Who was the first group of Huguenots to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
When did the Huguenots arrive at the Cape of Good Hope?
When did the Huguenots sail to North America?
Who led the Huguenots that sailed to North America in 1624?
What was the name of the French church in New Amsterdam?
What is the name of the French church in New Amsterdam?
Where did the Huguenots settle?
Where did the Huguenots immigrate to?
Who was the first Huguenot to settle in Charleston?
Where was Elie Prioleau from?
When did the Huguenots settle in Charleston?
Where did the Huguenots settle?
Who became King of England in 1672?
What did William III of Orange later become?
What coalition did William form?
What country did the French attack in 1672?
When did the French attack the Dutch Republic?
What document abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France?
When was the Edict of Fontainebleau issued?
Who ruled until the Edict of Fontainebleau?
How many Huguenots fled France by the early 18th century?
What church opposed the Huguenots?
What was the height of the Huguenots persecution?
How many people were killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
What did the Huguenots have?
Why did the Huguenots have their own militia?
When did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
Where did the Huguenot rebellions occur?
Who died in 1620?
Who was Henry IV's successor?
What were the three small civil wars known as?
Approximately how many Protestants are in modern France?
Approximately one million Protestants in modern France represent what percentage of its population?
Where are most Protestants located in northeast France?
Along with Alsace and northeast France, what mountain region is home to the Huguenots?
Which country still considers itself Huguenot even after centuries of exile?
What town did Huguenot immigrants settle in?
Where is the Huguenot Street Historic District located?
Where is the oldest street in the US?
What is the "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz?
Where did Huguenot immigrants settle?
Who received the largest group of Huguenot refugees?
How many Huguenot refugees were in the Dutch Republic in 1705?
What was the population of the Dutch Republic in 1705?
What areas were the first to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants?
What caused the largest group of Huguenot refugees to arrive in the Dutch Republic?
Where did the prétendus réformés live?
What was the name of the gate of King Hugo?
What was Huguon Haunted by?
What is another name for the "reformed" people in Tours?
When did the ghost of le roi Huguet come back to harm the living?
Where is Turnagain Lane located?
What was the name of the half-timbered house by the river that was the site of a weaving school?
What was the condition of the initial acceptance of the refugees?
Where did the Huguenots settle?
What has the house in Turnagain Lane been adapted as?
Where is French Church Street located?
Where did a number of Huguenots serve as mayors?
Where did a number of Huguenots serve as mayors?
Who is D'Olier Street named after?
When was the French church in Portarlington built?
What did the exodus of Huguenots create?
Where were non-Catholics allowed to settle?
Who did the French crown refuse to allow to settle in New France?
What was the North American front of the French and Indian War?
When did the British defeat New France?
Who succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV?
In what year did the war end?
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
What did the Edict discourage?
What religion did Henry of Navarre recant in favor of Roman Catholicism?
What was required by the revocation of Protestant services?
What did the revocation do to the Huguenots?
How many people emigrated to the North American colonies?
What were the Huguenots who stayed in France called?
Along with Britain and France, where did many of the Huguenots emigrate?
Where did the first Huguenots seek freedom from persecution?
When did the French colonisers arrive in Brazil?
What was the name of the group of Huguenots that arrived in Brazil in 1555?
When was the Fort Coligny destroyed?
What was the first Protestant confession of faith in the whole of the Americas?
What language do most families in South Africa speak?
What industry owes a significant debt to the Huguenots?
Where do many of the farms in South Africa still bear French names?
What do many families in South Africa have that indicates their French Huguenot ancestry?
Who was descended from Huguenot refugees?
Who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina?
Where does the last Huguenot congregation in North America worship?
The Huguenot Society of America maintains what church in Virginia?
Where did Jack Jouett hail from?
What industry did some Huguenots settle in Bedfordshire?
What style of lace did some Huguenots settle in Bedfordshire?
What is the only reference to immigrant lacemakers in the 19th century?
When did Mechlin lace develop?
What two new neighbourhoods were created in Berlin by the Huguenots?
How much of the city's population was French speaking by 1700?
Why did the Huguenots switch to German?
When did Napoleon occupy Prussia?
What cities were founded by the Huguenots?
Where did the Huguenots flee to?
In what region of France did Huguenots remain in large numbers?
What group of Huguenots rioted in the early 18th century?
What did the Camisards riot against?
When did the Huguenots flee to surrounding Protestant countries?
In what city is Fort Caroline located?
Who was the leader of the Norman Huguenots?
What was the name of the small colony established by the Huguenots?
The French naval attack at St. Augustine failed when its ships were hit by a hurricane on their way to the Spanish encampment at Fort Matanzas.
In what year did the French attack St. Augustine?
What outpost was founded by Jean Ribault in South Carolina?
Where was the outpost of Charlesfort located?
Who established the settlement of St. Augustine?
When did Ribault lead an expedition to Florida and the present-day Southeastern US?
What precluded a return voyage for the French Huguenots?
Where did the Huguenots migrate from England to?
Where did the English Crown offer the Huguenots land?
What was the abandoned Monacan village called?
How many Huguenots lived in the isolated settlement?
When did the Virginia General Assembly pass an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown?
When was the Dutch Revolt?
What country did Huguenots fight alongside the Dutch?
What was the name of William the Silent's letter condemning the Spanish Inquisition?
Who wrote the "Apologie"?
What was William the Silent's religion?
What act was passed in 1708 that caused 50,000 Protestant Walloons to flee to England?
When was the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act passed?
How many Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England after the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act?
Who was the leading Huguenot theologian and writer?
What did Lortie criticize during Mass?
What war did Huguenot regiments fight for William of Orange?
Who did Huguenot regiments fight for in the Williamite war?
Where were significant Huguenot settlements?
What did the Huguenots expand?
What industry did the Huguenots grow?
Who established a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland?
Who did Prince Louis de Condé arrange with to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland?
What type of work did the Condés establish?
When did some members of the Huguenot community emigrate to the United States?
When was the Huguenot community established in present-day Saarland?
Where did Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
What religion did the bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
Where did the bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
Where did Huguenot émigrés relocate to?
What did the Huguenot émigrés do?
Who was the king of France?
What hypothesis argues that the name was derived by association with Hugues Capet?
Who argued that the name Huguenote was derived by association with Hugues Capet?
What would the name Huguenote be equivalent to?
What do some disagree with the Hugues hypothesis?
Who was the leader of the Swiss Reformation?
Where was Lefevre a professor?
When did Lefevre publish the whole Bible in the French language?
Who was a student of Lefevre?
Who converted to Protestantism during the Protestant Reformation?
When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Who killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris?
How many Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse?
When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre granted?
How many Protestants were killed in the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
Who gained the throne in 1643?
What did Louis XIV do when he gained the throne?
How did Louis XIV try to force the Huguenots to convert to Catholicism?
What did Louis XIV impose penalties on Huguenots?
What did Louis XIV institute to try to force Huguenots to convert?
What county is New Rochelle located in?
What did the Huguenots call the coastline of Davenports Neck?
Who did the Huguenots purchase from?
What was the original name of New Rochelle?
What was the name of the church that the Huguenots purchased from John Pell?
What did most of the Huguenot congregations in North America eventually do?
What did the Huguenots do that led to their assimilation?
Who established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills?
When did the Huguenot descendants continue to use French first names and surnames for their children?
What did E.I. du Pont establish?
Who was one of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands?
Where did Bayle start teaching?
What was the name of Pierre Bayle's multi-volume masterpiece?
Pierre Bayle's work became one of the foundational texts of what organization?
Pierre Bayle was a notable Huguenot refugee?
What church was established in 1550?
When was the French Protestant Church of London established?
Where is the French Protestant Church of London located?
Where did Huguenot refugees move to?
When was the Black Eagle Brewery founded?
In what states did Huguenot refugees find refuge?
Where did Huguenot refugees find refuge?
What document granted Huguenots special privileges?
Who was Frederick William?
How did Frederick William respond to the Huguenot refugees?
Who invited Huguenots to settle in his realms?
What poet was a Huguenot?
Who was a Luftwaffe General and fighter ace?
Who was the last Prime Minister of the East German Democratic Republic?
What position did Thomas de Maizière hold?
Along with nuclear power and geothermal energy, what non-combustion heat source can be used?
What is the ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process?
In the Rankine cycle, water is heated and transforms into what?
At what pressure is the Rankine cycle used?
What type of engines are steam engines?
What was the first commercially successful true engine?
Who invented the atmospheric engine?
When was the atmospheric engine invented?
What was Savery's invention an improvement over?
Who proposed the atmospheric engine?
Where was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
When did the world's first railway journey take place?
Where was the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive built?
Where was Abercynon located?
Where is Abercynon located?
What do most practical steam engines have to recycle or top up the boiler water?
What type of pumps do Utility and industrial boilers use?
When did injectors become popular?
In what applications are injectors no longer widely used?
What is an injector used for?
How many expansion stages are used in a triple and quadruple expansion engine?
What is another name for a triple expansion engine?
In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used?
What type of engine uses the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system?
What type of engine uses multiple expansion stages?
In the 1840s and 50s, what was the name of the company that used a separate, variable cutoff expansion valve riding on the back of the main slide valve?
Along with Walschaerts and Corliss, what was an example of a device that could be used to provide lap?
What was a compromise solution to the problem of overlap the port on the admission side?
What may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox?
What happens to lead when the temperature of the firebox's firebox increases?
What happens if the water level drops?
What do operators do if the water level drops?
What does the steam escape have little effect on?
Who patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion?
What type of motion did Watt's steam engine produce?
How manyhorsepower engines did James Watt produce in 1781?
When did the stationary steam engine become feasible?
The stationary steam engine was a key component of what revolution?
The history of the steam engine stretches back as far as what century?
Who described the aeolipile?
What was the nationality of the mathematician Hero of Alexandria?
Who described a rudimentary steam engine in 1629?
When did Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont receive patents?
What type of engines were used at the end of the 19th century?
What was another name for compound engines?
Where were double and triple expansion engines common?
Along with electric motors, what replaced reciprocating (piston) steam engines?
What was the main source of power during the 19th century?
What was the final major evolution of the steam engine design?
When were steam turbines first used?
For outputs above what horsepower, steam turbines are more efficient than reciprocating piston type steam engines?
How much of the US's electric power is produced by steam turbines?
Steam turbines replaced reciprocating engines in what type of generating stations in the 20th century?
What is the most commonly used source for boiling water and supplying the steam?
What is another name for a closed space?
What type of energy is used to heat water?
What type of heating element is used in toy steam engines?
What is the most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines?
When was the steam engine indicator first used?
Who developed the most successful steam engine indicator?
Who developed the most successful steam engine indicator?
Where was the steam engine indicator exhibited in 1862?
At what temperature are the two-cylinder compounds in phase with each other?
The individual pistons within the group are usually balanced at what temperature?
At what temperature are the two-cylinder compounds in phase with each other?
What is the term for the direction of flow at each stroke in reciprocating piston engines?
How many piston strokes does the complete engine cycle occupy?
How many rotation of the crank does the complete engine cycle occupy?
How many events does the complete engine cycle consist of?
Along with admission and compression, what is the fourth event in a reciprocating piston engine?
What is a uniflow rotary steam engine where steam intakes are uncovered at the end of each stroke?
Uniflow engines attempt to remedy the difficulties arising from what cycle?
What part of the cylinder walls will be cooled by the passing exhaust steam?
What type of steam engine does not require valves to direct steam into and out of the cylinder?
What is another name for pivot mounting?
Along with toys, what is an example of an oscillating cylinder steam engine?
Where is an oscillating cylinder steam engine mainly used?
How is the working fluid in a Rankine cycle recycled?
What is another name for a closed loop system?
What is the working fluid in a Rankine cycle?
What is supplied to the boiler by the Rankine cycle?
The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by what?
What is the creep limit of stainless steel?
What is the creep limit for steam turbines?
What is the theoretical Carnot efficiency for a modern coal-fired power station?
What are condenser temperatures in steam turbines?
What was the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution?
Along with railway locomotives, ships and road vehicles, what transport appliance was powered by steam engines?
What was an example of a steam powered automobile?
Where were steam engines used in the Industrial Revolution?
What did the use of steam engines lead to?
What was the name of the first public steam railway in the world?
Who built the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca?
What type of locomotive was used by the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway?
What railway used the edge railed rack and pinion?
Where was the Locomotion built?
Who patented the Woolf high-pressure compound engine?
What nationality was Arthur Woolf?
What can be reduced by staging the expansion in multiple cylinders?
What is required to derive equal work from lower-pressure steam?
In the 19th century, what percentage of the world's electric production was powered by steam turbines?
What is the main use for steam turbines in marine service?
What is the main use for steam turbines in marine applications?
What is the main use for in electricity generation?
What has the widespread application of large gas turbine units and typical combined cycle power plants resulted in?
What is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine?
What is done to the waste heat in the Rankine cycle?
When was the Rankine cycle used?
Along with coal and nuclear power plants, what type of power plant uses the Rankine cycle?
What nationality is William John Macquorn Rankine?
What was the historical measure of a steam engine's energy efficiency?
What was the average energy efficiency of a steam engine?
What was the average duty of a Newcomen steam engine?
How many pounds of coal did Watt use to burn one bushel of coal?
Who introduced the concept of duty?
What was the ascendancy of in power generation?
What type of steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century?
What type of steam engine is the dominant source of power in power generation?
Along with electric motors, advances in the design of electric motors and what type of engine resulted in the replacement of reciprocating steam engines in commercial usage?
Who developed the water pump?
What was the first commercial steam powered device?
When was the first commercial steam powered device developed?
Who invented the water pump?
Who described the water pump in the Philosophical Transactions?
Who patented the high-pressure engine in 1802?
Along with Richard Trevithick, who introduced engines using high pressure steam in 1801?
When did Trevithick obtain his high-pressure engine patent?
What type of applications could a high-pressure engine be made small enough for?
What was a benefit of using a high-pressure steam engine?
What company has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam?
Where is Energiprojekt AB located?
How many cylinders does the Energiprojekt have?
How much steam does the Energiprojekt engine consume per kWh?
What is the efficiency of Energiprojekt's steam engine on high-pressure engines?
What do steam turbines in power stations use as a cold sink?
What is a dry type cooling tower similar to?
Where is a dry type cooling tower used?
What type of cooling towers use the rejected heat to evaporate water?
How many cubic metres of water does a power plant use for evaporative cooling?
What was adopted by James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788?
Who saw a centrifugal governor at a flour mill?
Where did Boulton and Watt build the centrifugal governor?
What was an example of an operation that a centrifugal governor was not suitable for?
The centrifugal governor could not do what?
When was compounding almost universal for marine engines?
Where was compounding not universally popular?
What was compounding often perceived as?
When was compounding not employed in Britain?
For what type of engine was compounding common?
How can speed and momentum be gained by gradually reducing the admission event?
The simplest valve gears give events of fixed length during the engine cycle and often make the engine rotate in only one direction?
If the exhaust event is too brief, the totality of the exhaust steam cannot do what?
What kind of length do the simplest valve gears give events of?
Who obtained the first patent for a steam engine?
What nationality was Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont?
When was the first patent for a steam engine?
When was Thomas Savery's steam pump patented?
When was Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine first used?
What are the rotors in a steam turbine?
Where are rotors mounted on a steam turbine?
What are stators?
Where are the stators fixed to?
What is the typical speed of a steam turbine?
What is the power-to-weight ratio of a steam plant?
Along with internal combustion engines, what type of motor has replaced steam in power-to-weight ratio?
Most electric power is generated using what type of plant?
What is the name of the movement that uses steam as a prime mover?
What has caused a renewed interest in steam as a component of cogeneration processes?
What type of engine uses a pistonless rotary engine?
What is the Wankel engine in place of in a conventional reciprocating steam engine?
What is a major problem with a pistonless rotary engine?
When did James Watt die?
Boulton and Watt developed an improved version of Newcomen's engine with a separate what?
How much coal did Boulton and Watt's early engines use?
James Watt developed an improved version of what engine?
What did air pressure push into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam?
How many independent mechanisms do steam engines often possess?
What did early safety valves use a lever to restrain?
What type of safety valve is used?
A spring-loaded valve is locked to prevent what from breaking?
What is a benefit of using a spring-loaded valve?
What invention was patented in 1849?
When was the Corliss steam engine patented?
How much less steam did the Corliss steam engine use?
How manyvalve counter flow engine was the Corliss steam engine?
What award was given to Corliss in 1849?
What theory did the steam engine contribute to?
Who created the separate condenser?
What did Watt discover latent heat?
Who was the original discoverer of latent heat?
What did Watt discover in the separate condenser?
What is one of the principal advantages of the Rankine cycle?
In what phase is the working fluid in the Rankine cycle?
What percentage of turbine power does the Rankine cycle consume?
What is one of the main advantages of the Rankine cycle?
What pumps are used to supply water to the boiler during operation?
What is the purpose of condensers?
What is used to raise the temperature of the steam above its saturated vapour point?
A chain or screw stoking mechanism is used to move fuel from a supply bin to what?
A chain or screw is used to move fuel from a supply bin to the firebox?
What was usually readily available to land-based steam engines?
Who invented the steam turbine?
Along with ocean liners, what warships used a steam turbine to exhaust much of their steam?
Along with dreadnought battleships, what was the first major warship to replace the reciprocating engine?
When was the HMS Dreadnought built?
What do most nuclear power plants heat to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator?
What does steam drive in nuclear power plants?
What is a steam turbine connected to in nuclear power plants?
What type of transmission is used in nuclear power plants?
In what country were some non-condensing direct-drive locomotives successful?
What is the Rankine cycle sometimes referred to as?
Where are heat addition and rejection processes in the Rankine cycle?
What isobaric?
The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle?
The Rankine cycle is used to pressurize the working fluid which is received from the condenser as what?
What is the atomic number of dioxygen?
What is the third most abundant element in the universe?
At standard temperature and pressure, how many atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen?
How much of the Earth's crust is oxygen?
Oxygen is a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with what formula?
How much of the Earth's atmosphere is diatomic oxygen gas?
What is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8?
What is the atomic number of dioxygen?
What is the global downward trend of atmospheric oxygen levels?
What is the third most abundant element in the universe?
What is the atomic number of dioxygen?
What group is oxygen a member of?
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
How is oxygen the most abundant element in the universe?
At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form what?
What uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water?
What does photosynthesis use to produce oxygen from water?
What helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation?
What do many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms contain?
What is the major constituent of lifeforms?
What uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water?
What is the major constituent of lifeforms?
What is an example of an allotrope of oxygen?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
Who was the English chemist that discovered that air is necessary for combustion?
What is another name for spiritus?
When did John Mayow die?
Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?
What is another name for spiritus?
When did Robert Boyle prove that air is necessary for combustion?
What is nitroaereus consumed in?
Who was the English chemist that discovered that air is necessary for combustion?
What British clergyman conducted an experiment on mercuric oxide in 1774?
What was Joseph Priestley's profession?
What is another name for mercuric oxide?
What did Priestley focus sunlight on?
What does HgO stand for?
What was the name of the gas Priestley used to liberate?
When did Priestley publish his findings?
Why did Priestley publish his work?
What did Priestley think a mouse was more of?
Who discovered the relationship between combustion and air?
Who conducted the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
When was the first known experiment on the relationship between combustion and air conducted?
Did Philo believe that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire?
Who conducted the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air?
What element did Philo believe was used to make air escape through pores in glass?
What was Philo's work called?
Who discovered the relationship between combustion and air?
What was one of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
What are Combustion hazards?
What is the oxidant that is the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion?
What is needed to trigger combustion?
What type of fuels are brought into close proximity?
Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote what?
Oxygen is the source of most of what in combustion?
What do Combustion hazards apply to?
The Apollo 1 capsule was pressurized with what type of fuel?
Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and what liquid will act as a fuel?
What was the normal pressure that would be used in a mission?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require?
Concentrated O 2 will allow what to proceed rapidly and energetically?
What is used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen?
What does the design and manufacture of O 2 systems require?
Who was killed in a launch pad test?
What is the Earth's crustal rock composed of?
What is CO 2?
What part of the Earth's crust is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What is CO 2?
What is composed in large part of oxides of silicon?
What part of the Earth's crust is mostly composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What part of the Earth's crust is composed of silicates of magnesium and iron?
What is another name for silicate minerals in the Earth's crust?
John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were what?
What atomic ratios would atoms in compounds normally have with respect to one another?
What was water's formula?
The atomic mass of oxygen is 8 times that of what element?
What law did Avogadro use to arrive at the correct interpretation of water's composition?
What was most combustible materials that leave little residue?
What type of substance is iron?
What did not play a role in phlogiston theory?
What was one of the first clues that the phlogiston theory was incorrect?
What do most common objects appear to do when something burns?
What is the bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms?
How many oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other?
What is another term for low-to-high energy?
How are the two oxygen atoms bonded to each other?
The covalent double bond results from the filling of what?
When was oxygen discovered?
When did Joseph Priestley discover oxygen?
Why is Priestley given priority?
Who coined the name oxygen in 1777?
What theory did Lavoisier's experiments with oxygen discredit?
An electron configuration with two unpaired electrons that are of equal energy—i.e., degenerate—is a configuration called what?
What is the ground state of the O 2 molecule called?
An electron configuration with two what is found in dioxygen?
What type of combustion does triplet oxygen prevent?
What is the highest energy partially filled orbitals?
Along with tin, what gases were heated in a closed container?
What did Lavoisier observe no increase in when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
What did Lavoisier observe no increase in when tin and air were heated in a closed container?
When was Sur la combustion en général published?
What was the name of the gas that was used in Lavoisier's experiment?
What is another name for Trioxygen?
What type of oxygen is tetraoxygen?
Trioxygen is a reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to what?
The ozone layer of the upper atmosphere functions as what for the planet?
The splitting of O 2 by ultraviolet is called what?
What is the common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth?
What is the common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth?
What part of the Earth's atmosphere is O2?
Why is O2 used by complex forms of life?
What is O2 used for?
Who was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was James Dewar able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study?
When was the first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen developed?
What was the first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen?
What is more soluble in water than nitrogen?
What determines the solubility of oxygen in water?
How much oxygen does freshwater contain per liter?
What type of water contains about 4.95 mL of oxygen per liter?
What is the solubility of oxygen in water at 0 °C?
What is oxygen's chemical element by mass in the Earth's biosphere?
What is the most abundant chemical element in the universe?
How much of the Sun's mass is oxygen?
Oxygen is the major component of what?
What is the third most abundant chemical element in the universe?
When did scientists realize that air could be liquefied?
How were the components of liquid oxygen isolated?
Who evaporated liquid sulfur dioxide in order to liquefy carbon dioxide?
How many drops of liquid oxygen were produced in the cascade method?
When was oxygen liquefied in stable state?
The isotope ratios of the primordial solar nebula are believed to be the same as those of what planet?
The Sun has a higher proportion of what isotope than the Earth?
A silicon wafer exposed to the solar wind in space was returned by what spacecraft?
What type of process is believed to have depleted oxygen-16 from the Sun's disk?
Along with the Moon, Mars, and meteorites, what planet has been found to have a higher amount of oxygen-16 than the Earth?
What is the name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O 2 in which all the electron spins are paired?
Singlet oxygen is more reactive to what?
When is singlet oxygen formed from water?
What produces singlet oxygen in the troposphere?
What is a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen and converting it to the unexcited ground state?
Who measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms?
Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what was like millions of years ago?
What percentage of heavier oxygen-18 does water molecules contain?
What isotope does paleoclimatologists measure in the shells and skeletons of marine organisms to determine what climate was like millions of years ago?
When does the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 increase at lower temperatures?
What wavelengths are the two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at?
Oxygen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm to monitor what?
Oxygen proposes using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies from what?
Oxygen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm that can be used to monitor the carbon cycle on what scale?
What type of scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies in those bands to characterize plant health status from a satellite platform?
What are O 2 molecules in triplet form?
What is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that it can be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet?
What is the spin magnetic moments in an O 2 molecule?
What does the triplet form impart magnetic character to oxygen when it is in the presence of?
A bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of what?
What are reactive oxygen species like superoxide ion and hydrogen peroxide?
What is the purpose of singlet oxygen?
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the hypersensitive response of plants against what?
What type of organisms are the dominant form of early life on Earth?
When did O 2 begin to accumulate in the atmosphere?
At what temperature does oxygen condenses?
What type of substance is solid O 2?
What is used to produce high-purity liquid O 2?
What is used as a coolant to produce liquid oxygen?
Oxygen condenses at 90.20 K, −297.31 °F, and freezes at 54.36 K?
Where does free oxygen occur in solution?
At what temperature does the solubility of O 2 increase?
Why do polar oceans support a much higher density of life?
What type of organism is growth stimulated by water polluted with nitrates or phosphates?
What do scientists measure in water to determine the amount of O 2 in it?
When did photosynthetic archaea and bacteria evolve?
During what period did free oxygen appear in significant quantities?
What did free oxygen produced by organisms combine with dissolved iron in the oceans to form?
When did free oxygen gas reach its current level?
When did free oxygen gas begin to outgas the oceans?
The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth is the result of what?
What type of cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth?
The biogeochemical cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between how many reservoirs?
What is responsible for modern Earth's atmosphere?
What gas is the result of the oxygen cycle?
What type of bed absorbs nitrogen and delivers a gas stream that is 90% to 93% O 2?
What percentage of O 2 gas is delivered by one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves?
What does the zeolite molecular sieves absorb?
What type of technology is used to produce O 2 gas?
What is the other method of producing O 2 gas?
Oxygen gas can be produced through electrolysis of what?
Oxygen gas can be produced through electrolysis of water into what molecular formulae?
What type of electricity must be used to produce O 2 gas?
Where is the electrocatalytic O 2 evolution from?
What type of catalysts can be used to produce O 2 gas?
Oxygen has a history of what kind of use in oxygen bars?
What is Oxygen supposed to do?
What do professional athletes use oxygen masks to boost?
What type of effect is a more likely explanation for the use of oxygen bars?
Oxygen bars are found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada in what type of exercise?
What uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O 2 around the patient?
Increased O 2 concentration in the lungs helps to displace what from hemoglobin?
What is Oxygen gas poisonous to?
What occurs in divers who decompress too quickly after a dive?
What is used to treat emphysema, pneumonia, some heart disorders and any disease that impairs the body's ability to take up and use gaseous oxygen?
What does oxygen supplementation ease work load on?
What is used in medicine to treat asthma?
Uptake of O 2 from the air is essential for what?
What does the body's ability to take up and use?
What is the reason that oxygen forms chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
What is the name of the mineral that forms chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides?
What does oxygen form chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give?
What does a thin film of oxide passivates the metal and slows?
What is an emergency supply of O 2 automatically supplied for?
What type of oxygen generators do sudden cabin pressure loss activate?
What type of reaction produces a steady stream of oxygen gas?
What is produced by the exothermic reaction?
What type of methods are used to store liquid oxygen?
Where is oxygen transported in bulk as a liquid?
How is oxygen transported in bulk in specially insulated tankers?
What type of gas is used to store oxygen?
Where are bulk liquid oxygen storage containers located?
What is an important class of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
What are the most important classes of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
What is an important class of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
What is an important class of organic compounds that contain oxygen?
What kind of classes of organic compounds contain oxygen?
The element is found in almost all what?
How many common complex biomolecules contain no oxygen?
Which organic compound has the largest proportion of oxygen?
All fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and what other biomolecules contain oxygen?
 calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite are found in what?
What can occur in deep scuba diving and surface supplied diving?
Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O 2 partial pressure greater than 60 kPa can eventually lead to what permanent condition?
What is the maximum O 2 partial pressure that can lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis?
What is the most feared effect for divers?
What is the most feared effect of oxygen toxicity?
What is the main reason for the lack of damage in space suits?
What is the average O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas?
How much does the O 2 partial pressure in the breathing gas in an astronaut's arterial blood compare to?
What does breathing pure O 2 in space cause?
How much more is the O 2 partial pressure in the astronaut's arterial blood compared to normal sea-level O2 partial pressure?
When can O 2 be toxic?
How many kilopascals does oxygen toxicity usually occur at partial pressures?
What is the typical composition of O 2 at standard pressure?
Oxygen gas is not a problem except for patients on what type of ventilators?
Oxygen gas supplied through oxygen masks in medical applications is typically composed of what percentage of O 2?
When did the 1973 oil crisis begin?
What was the price of oil by the end of the oil embargo?
When was the second oil crisis?
What was the 1973 oil crisis called?
Who declared an oil embargo?
Why did some European nations and Japan try to distance themselves from US foreign policy in the Middle East?
How did the Nixon Administration respond to the crisis?
When did Henry Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula?
When was the embargo lifted?
When did the US withdraw from the Bretton Woods Accord?
What was the value of the dollar left to?
Why did the US abandon the Gold Exchange Standard?
When did the US abandon the Gold Exchange Standard?
Why did the US abandon the Gold Exchange Standard?
How much did the dollar price of oil increase from 1947 to 1967?
When did OPEC slow to readjust prices?
During what years did the oil shock occur?
When did the dollar price of oil rise by less than two percent per year?
When did Syria and Egypt launch a surprise attack on Israel?
Who was the world's second-largest oil exporter?
How much did the Shah of Iran say the price of oil would rise?
Who was the world's second-largest oil exporter?
What was the result of the attack on Israel?
Why did OPEC raise the price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel?
When did OPEC raise the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel?
What did OPEC agree to continue to cut production in five percent monthly increments?
How much did Nixon request Congress to appropriate in emergency aid to Israel?
What did OPEC respond to on October 16, 1973?
How much money did Saudi Arabia spend to spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam?
What violent Sunni groups did Saudi Arabia donate funds to?
Where did the arms purchases cause political tensions?
What was the main cause of the decrease in oil prices?
What was Saudi Arabia's fundamentalist interpretation of Islam known as?
What has been held responsible for recessions, periods of excessive inflation, reduced productivity, and lower economic growth?
The Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with what country?
Prior to what year was there a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties?
Who did interest groups and government agencies feel energy was no match for?
What had a negative influence on the US economy by causing immediate demands to address the threats to US energy security?
What industry was affected by the embargo?
What caused inflationary and deflationary impacts?
Where did oil companies find new ways to increase oil supplies?
How long did it take to find oil and develop new fields?
Which country was the only member of the EEC to have a complete embargo?
Which country did the UK and France refuse to allow to use their airfields?
Along with the Netherlands and France, what country received uninterrupted supplies during the Six-Day War?
Along with the Arabs, what country did the EEC support during the Six-Day War?
Who was the successor to Harold Wilson?
Which country faced an oil crisis in 1973-74?
What caused the change of government?
When did the strikes by coal miners and railroad workers occur?
Which country banned flying, driving, and boating on Sundays?
Which country rationed gasoline and heating oil?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
What was the purpose of the price controls?
What exacerbated the crisis in the US?
What was the result of the price controls?
Who was the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
When did Nixon name William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office?
What was the purpose of the Federal Energy Office?
When did the American Automobile Association report that 20% of American gasoline stations had no fuel?
What was the national maximum speed limit in 1974?
What law imposed the national maximum speed limit in 1974?
Who signed the National Highway Designation Act?
When was the National Highway Designation Act signed?
When was the cabinet-level Department of Energy created?
What led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels?
What do American energy policies ignore?
Who has repeatedly backed policies that promise solutions that are politically expedient but whose prospects are doubtful?
Who was so distraught by the rise in oil prices that they briefly considered military action to forcibly seize Middle Eastern oilfields?
Who was worried that the U.S. could not use force?
How long did it take for the US to take over Middle Eastern oilfields?
What countries did the British believe the U.S. could not use force?
What country was the most dependent on Arab oil?
What percentage of Japan's imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970?
How much did Japan receive in December?
When did Japan declare itself a nonfriendly country?
When was Japan considered an Arab-friendly state?
What was the only sign of insecurity in the region?
Who became increasingly dependent on American security assurances to manage external and internal threats?
Which country became increasingly dependent on American security assurances to manage external and internal threats?
When did the Shah fail to maintain control of Iran?
When was the Grand Mosque seized by Wahhabi extremists?
What did the crisis reduce the demand for?
What was a major factor in the decrease in demand for large cars?
What engines were more fuel efficient than the typical American?
What country imported the Toyota Corona and the Toyota Corolla?
When was the oil crisis?
What was the name of the larger car introduced by Toyota and Nissan?
Along with air conditioning and central locking, what feature was added to the Datsun 810?
Along with Acura and Infiniti, what luxury car manufacturer did Toyota and Nissan create in the 1970s?
Along with the Datsun Truck, what compact truck was introduced after the oil crisis?
What did Mitsubishi rename the Forte?
Who did Mazda, Mitsubishi, and Isuzu partner with?
What policy did the American makers end?
What forced General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales?
How many passengers did the Dodge Omni and Plymouth Horizon have in the late 1970s?
When did the average American vehicle move 17.4 miles per gallon?
Along with the Buick Electra and the Chevrolet Chevette, what large sedan sold in North America in the late 1970s?
What was the only full-size car that did not recover in the 1970s?
By what year had all full-size American cars shrunk?
When did Chrysler end production of full-sized luxury sedans?
Which compacts were a prelude to the DOT "downsize" revision of vehicle categories?
When was OPEC's production surpassed by other countries?
When did the world price decrease to less than $10 per barrel?
What was Saudi Arabia trying to do?
What was the world price during the 1979 energy crisis?
What was the name of the one-man spacecraft that put the first Americans in space?
Who carried out the Apollo program?
When was the first manned flight of Apollo?
Who was the president of the United States at the time of the Apollo program?
How many people were on the Moon during the Apollo program?
When did the Apollo program run?
What program supported the Apollo Applications Program?
Who did the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project partner with?
What space station did the Apollo Applications Program consist of?
In what year was the Apollo 1 cabin fire?
The Apollo 1 cabin fire killed the entire crew during what test?
What caused the cancellation of three of the Apollo 13 missions?
How many of the six Apollo missions achieved successful landings?
What prevented the Apollo 13 landing?
What was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body?
What was the sixth Moon landing?
How many pounds of lunar rocks did the Apollo 17 mission return?
What areas of technology did the Apollo 8 mission help advance?
How many astronauts could the Apollo capsule support on a limited Earth orbital mission?
How many astronauts would the Apollo program carry?
Who was the manager of the Apollo program?
Along with circumlunar flights, what was the next step in the Apollo program?
When was the Apollo program conceived?
In what year was the Apollo program announced?
Who led the in-house spacecraft design studies?
How many study contracts were awarded to General Dynamics/Convair and General Electric?
Who was the Deputy Administrator of NASA in July 1960?
Who was elected president in 1960?
Who did John F. Kennedy claim was the best in space and missile defense?
What was the main problem with the Apollo program?
Which NASA administrator requested a 30 percent budget increase?
What issue did Kennedy fight against?
Who was the first person to fly in space?
Who did the US fear would be left behind in a technological competition with?
How long did the meeting of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics last?
How did Kennedy respond to the news that Gagarin was the first person to fly in space?
When did Kennedy send a memo to Johnson to look into the status of America's space program?
Who did Kennedy ask to look into the status of America's space program?
How long did it take for Johnson to respond to Kennedy's request to look into America's space program?
What did Kennedy feel the US was not doing if it was to reach a position of leadership?
Who was responsible for managing the Apollo program?
Where had Gilruth been directing the nation's manned space program?
Where was the Manned Spacecraft Center chosen?
What university donated land for the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Where was the Manned Spacecraft Center located?
Where was the Launch Operations Center located?
Who conducted the design, development and construction of the center?
What was Debus's job title?
Who died in 1961?
How many launch pads were planned?
The Operations and Checkout Building was to be used for what spacecraft?
What was the height of the VAB?
How much was the VAB?
Who did Webb recruit for a high management job?
When did Webb hire Mueller?
Who was the Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight in 1963?
Who did Webb recruit for a high management job?
What was Samuel C. Phillips' industry experience?
Where did Mueller find skilled managers?
Who did Mueller want to recruit to manage the Apollo program?
How long did Phillips manage Apollo?
What position did the OMSF want Phillips to hold?
What did many engineers fear would be extremely difficult in lunar orbit?
In what year was direct ascent generally the mission mode in favor at NASA?
Who was the Associate Administrator of NASA in 1961?
Who was the head of the ad-hoc committee?
When was the ad-hoc committee established?
What organization supported LOR?
Who was the deputy director of the Office of Manned Spacecraft Center?
What organization did the Manned Spacecraft Center belong to?
Who was Kennedy's science advisor?
Who did Wiesner hire to chair his own Space Vehicle Panel?
What organization did Golovin work for?
When was the formal announcement to the press?
Who kept up the pressure, even making the disagreement public during a two-day visit to the Marshall Space Flight Center?
What did Wiesner say in front of the press?
What did Wiesner ask for a proposal for?
Who did NASA choose as the LEM contractor in November 1962?
The LOR method allowed what in the event of a failure of the command ship?
When did an oxygen tank explosion leave the command ship without electrical power?
What did the Lunar Module provide in the event of a failure of the command ship?
When was the LOR method dropped?
What shape was the Command/Service Module?
What was the CSM?
How many men did the Lunar Excursion Module take to the lunar surface?
How many astronauts was the Command Module designed to carry from launch to lunar orbit?
The Command Module was designed to carry three astronauts from launch to lunar orbit and back to what body of water?
What was the exterior of the Command Module covered with?
What was carried to slow the descent to splashdown?
How much did the Command Module weigh?
What supported the Command Module?
What was used for long-distance communications on the lunar flights?
What happened to the Service Module before re-entry?
How much did the initial lunar flight version of the Command Module weigh?
What was carried on the extended lunar missions?
Who won the contract to build the CSM?
How much thrust was required for translunar flight?
In what year was the CSM developed?
The second stage of what launch vehicle did North American Aviation build?
How many astronauts was the Lunar Module intended to land on the Moon?
Was the Lunar Module designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere or return to Earth?
How much did the Lunar Module weigh?
The Lunar Module was designed to land two astronauts on the Moon and take them back to orbit to rendezvous with the Command Module?
Who was the director of the Marshall Space Flight Center before the Apollo program began?
Where did von Braun work before being transferred to NASA?
When did Wernher von Braun and his team start work on plans for large launch vehicles?
What did the first four Saturn I test flights carry?
In what years were the first four Saturn I test flights launched?
What did the last three of the Saturn I test flights carry?
What did the Pegasus satellites measure?
What was the upgraded version of the Saturn I?
How much thrust did the S-IVB-200 produce?
A restartable version of the S-IVB was used as what stage of the Saturn V?
The Saturn IB could send over how many pounds into low Earth orbit?
What was designed to send fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon?
How big was the Saturn V?
How many stages did the Saturn V have?
What did the second and third stages of the Saturn V do?
Who were the Apollo astronauts chosen from?
How many Apollo missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans?
Who was the first NASA scientist to fly in space?
What was the last Apollo mission to land on the Moon?
When did Dr. Harrison Schmitt land on the Moon?
How many astronauts were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal?
What was the highest honor given to the Apollo 8 crew?
When was the Distinguished Service Medal awarded?
What was the cause of the lesser NASA Exceptional Service Medal?
The Distinguished Service Medal was awarded to the crews of what mission?
In what year were the two Block I CSMs launched from LC-34?
What was the altitude of the first Block I CSMs launched?
How far did the first Block I CSMs recover?
Along with the Service Module engine and the Command Module, what did the first mission validate?
What type of LM test flight would the first Block II CSM and LM be?
What did the Lunar Module Pilot wear?
What was replaced with a clear "fishbowl" type for greater visibility?
What did the first Lunar surface EVA suit include?
What was the acronym for LMP?
Who was responsible for selecting the first Apollo crew?
Who was the first Apollo crew?
When was the first Apollo crew selected?
Who was the first Apollo crew?
Who was the prime crew for the first Apollo crew?
What happened to the AS-205 mission in December 1966?
When was the dual mission planned for?
What was the new name for the dual mission?
What was the purpose of the AS-205 mission?
Who did Mueller appoint to head a "tiger team"?
What did Mueller appoint to investigate North American's problems and identify corrections?
When was the Lunar Module supposed to be ready for manned flight?
Who was the Manned Space Flight Administrator in 1965?
Where was the first Apollo 1 test at the Kennedy Space Center?
Who decided to name Apollo 1 as a motivational focus on the first manned flight?
What did the "plugs-out" test simulate?
Where was the first Apollo 1 test conducted?
What caused the delay in the sealing of the hatch?
When did the plugs-out test begin?
What began in the cabin on January 27, 1967?
What happened to the astronauts after the plugs-out test?
What was the atmosphere in the cabin when the plugs-out test began?
Who overseen the accident review board?
What existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control?
Who was replaced by Joseph Francis Shea?
How did NASA respond to the accident review board?
What was used instead of pure oxygen before and during launch?
What was removed from the Block II spacecraft?
What did NASA replace the Block I hatch cover with?
What happened to the manned Block I program?
What type of space suits did the Block II astronauts wear?
What type of mission types had to be successfully accomplished to achieve the manned lunar landing?
What type of mission had to be accomplished to achieve the manned lunar landing?
What was used instead of numbers for the first lunar landing?
What was the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
What did the Command Module use to survive a trans-lunar reentry?
When was the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V?
The delay in the CSM caused by the fire enabled NASA to catch up on man-rating the LM and Saturn V?
What was the first unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
Where was the Apollo 5 mission launched?
Who wanted a second unmanned test flight of LM in Earth orbit?
How did the LM engines fare on the Apollo 5 mission?
What was the abort mode of the Apollo 5 mission known as?
What did the Apollo 8 mission use instead of a Saturn V?
On what spacecraft was the Apollo 8 mission launched?
When did the Apollo 8 mission end?
What did George Low suggest sending Apollo 8 to?
Who did the Apollo 8 mission hope to orbit the Moon with?
What was the name of the crew on the Apollo 11 mission?
When was the Apollo 11 mission achieved?
What did the Apollo 11 mission send back to Earth?
Who were the three astronauts on the Apollo 11 mission?
When did the Apollo 11 mission return to Earth?
What spacecraft did the Gemini veterans land on?
What was the name of the unmanned lunar probe that Conrad and Bean landed on?
What happened to the parts that were removed from the Apollo 12 probe?
Where was the first lunar surface color television camera accidentally pointed?
What did the Apollo 20 missions carry?
What was revised to increase the mass of the CSM and LM for the last five missions?
How many more planned landing sites did NASA have for the Lunar Roving Vehicle?
How long would the Lunar Roving Vehicle stay on the Moon?
What did NASA plan to increase in the CSM and LM for the last five missions?
What caused the Apollo 13 mission to be grounded for two days?
Who was the Commander of the Apollo 13 mission?
What happened to Apollo 13 after it exploded?
What exploded on the Apollo 13 mission two days out?
When did Apollo 13 launch?
What Apollo 11 mission was cancelled in 1971?
What happened to NASA's yearly budget after the successful landing?
What did the two unused Saturn Vs become at the John F. Kennedy Space Center?
When did NASA cancel missions 18 and 19?
How old are the rocks found on the Moon?
What is the age for samples derived from the highlands crust?
What geochemical component was discovered during the Apollo 15 mission?
What is the name of the important rock found during the Apollo Program?
What do many samples appear to be pitted with?
Almost all the rocks show evidence of what?
What is impact melt?
What was the estimate of the Apollo program costs in 2005 dollars?
How many Saturn V rockets did NASA purchase in 2009?
What was the cost of the Apollo program from 1959 to 1973?
What was the name of the Apollo Extension Series?
What does AAP stand for?
The Apollo Extension Series proposed up to 30 flights to Earth orbit for what mission?
When was the Skylab launched?
How was the Skylab constructed?
When did the last crew leave the station?
What was the solar telescope that would have been used on the Apollo Telescope Missions?
What was the name of the spacecraft that photographed the Apollo 15 Lunar Module blast crater?
During what mission was the halo left on the Moon?
What is the degree of the halo surrounding the Apollo 15 Lunar Module blast crater?
Who sent the first live pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth?
Where did the Apollo 8 crew read from the creation story?
How much of the population of the world saw the live broadcast of the Apollo 8 mission?
What did the Apollo 8 mission and Christmas provide to the world?
What was used to record the Moon landing data?
What format was the Apollo TV camera recorded in?
What caused NASA to remove large numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration?
What did NASA use to record the Moon landing data?
Who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera?
Who compiled the original Apollo 11 data?
How was the Apollo 11 video processed?
Along with the CBS News archive, what recordings were made at the Johnson Space Center?
What company was Nafzger assigned to restore the Apollo 11 data?
What color was the original Apollo 11 video stored in?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What is European Union law?
What are the main sources of European Union law?
What are the primary sources of European Union law?
Who is the legislature of the European Union composed of?
What is European Union law?
 Regulations and Directives have what effect on the laws of European Union member states?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
Who is the legislature of the European Union composed of?
What are the three sources of European Union law?
What are the main sources of European Union law?
Who is the legislature of the European Union primarily composed of?
How many sources of European Union law are primary law?
Who applies European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
The European Commission can take proceedings against a member state under what treaty?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What is another source of European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
The European Commission can take proceedings against a member state under what treaty?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What is another source of European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
Who applies European Union law?
Who is the highest court able to interpret European Union law?
What are the Supplementary sources of European Union law?
What are the primary constitutional sources of the EU?
Who has the initiative to propose legislation?
Who elects the European Parliament?
What is the name of the supreme judicial body that interprets EU law?
What is the name of the body that oversees the EU's institutions?
What are the core treaties of the EU?
What is the primary law of the EU?
What is the primary law of the EU?
What is the primary law of the EU?
When do the Treaties apply?
What are the "core" treaties of the EU?
What are the two core treaties of the EU?
What is the primary law of the EU?
What is the primary law of the EU?
What were the principal Treaties that form the European Union?
What are the names of the two treaties that form the European Union?
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
Which country signed a treaty in 1985 giving it a special status?
What were the principal Treaties that form the European Union?
When was the Maastricht Treaty signed?
When was the Single European Act signed?
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
When was there an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent?
What two factors caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to never come into force?
What was the substance of the Lisbon Treaty?
What was the Lisbon Treaty formally known as?
What did the Nice Treaty do?
What happened after the Nice Treaty?
What would have happened if the Nice Treaty had been enacted?
What two factors caused the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe to never come into force?
What treaty was enacted after the Nice Treaty?
What is the main executive body of the European Union?
Who shouldpromote the general interest of the Union?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
What does Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union state the Commission shouldpromote the general interest of the Union?
Who is the current High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy?
What article states that Commissioners should be completely independent and not take instructions from any Government?
Who sets the agenda for the EU's work?
How are the Commission's decisions taken?
Who refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon?
Who should be completely independent and not take instructions from any Government?
Which Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999?
What did the European Court of Justice rule about a Commissioner giving her dentist a job for which he was clearly unqualified?
What body found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had any sense of responsibility?
What body is responsible for appointing Commissioners?
What does the European Commission have no voting rights?
When was the Santer Commission censured by Parliament?
What is the name of the case where the European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job for which he was clearly unqualified did not break any law?
What body found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had any sense of responsibility?
What is the name of the organization that was created by the Committee of Independent Experts?
When was the European Anti-fraud Office created?
Who has the power of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
According to the Treaty on European Union articles 9 and 10, the EU observes "the principle of equality of its citizens"?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What percentage of the European Parliament can censure the whole Commission?
According to the Treaty on European Union articles 9 and 10, the EU observes "the principle of equality of its citizens"?
Who has a monopoly on initiating legislation?
Who has the power of amendment and veto during the legislative process?
When was the first direct elections?
How often do Parliament elections take place?
What is the largest party in the European Parliament?
What is the Council composed of?
Who is the current Poland Prime Minister?
How is the Council weighted?
How many votes does the Council have?
The European Council is a distinct body that provides the necessary impetus for its development and shall define the general political directions and priorities?
What is the second main legislative body?
How often does the European Council meet?
How many votes does the Council have?
What does TEU article 15 and TFEU article 238(3) define the European Council to be?
How many MEPs must vote to block or suggest changes?
How can the Council vote to approve changes?
Is it easier or harder to change EU law than stay the same?
What articles define theordinary legislative procedure that applies for most EU acts?
What body has the final say in the legislative procedure?
What defines the "ordinary legislative procedure" that applies for most EU acts?
What does TFEU article 294 define theordinary legislative procedure?
What articles define theordinary legislative procedure that applies for most EU acts?
What is convened when the different institutions cannot agree at any stage?
What branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
How many judges are in each member state?
Who is responsible for interpreting EU law?
What is the CJEU's duty?
How has the CJEU played an important role in the development of EU law?
What is the main judicial body of the EU?
What is the name of the judicial body that handles EU staff issues?
How long has the CJEU been in charge of EU law?
What is the CJEU's duty?
What does the Court of Justice believe conflicts with a provision of national law?
What did the Court of Justice say was necessary to prevent conflicts of laws between different systems?
In what years did Costa v ENEL occur?
Who has had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems?
When was Costa v ENEL?
Who believes that if EU law conflicts with a provision of national law, then EU law has primacy?
What takes primacy over national law?
What does the Court of Justice have the final say on?
When was the European Communities Act enacted?
What does the EU's legitimacy rests on?
What does the German Constitutional Court rule that EU law takes primacy over national law?
What binds EU institutions and member states to follow the law?
When were citizens or corporations said to not be allowed to bring claims against other non-state parties?
What is the general legal right to bring claims against EU institutions and member states for breach of the treaties?
What type of law concerns the European Union's governance structure?
In what case was it held that the provisions of the Treaties are directly effective?
What article of TFEU did Van Gend en Loos claim prevented the Dutch Customs Authorities from charging tariffs?
What is Van Gend en Loos?
What are EU Regulations the same as?
What do not generally give citizens standing to sue other citizens?
How many paid holidays does the Working Time Directive require every worker to have?
How many days do most member states require in national law?
When was the Working Time Directive passed?
What is avertical direct effect?
What happens if a member state cannot enforce conflicting laws?
How many years did the German Civil Code §622 state that a member state cannot enforce conflicting laws?
What company did the Court of Justice rule that a member state could not enforce conflicting laws?
What did the Court of Justice rule that a member state could not enforce conflicting laws if it did not meet the deadline?
Who has a duty to interpret domestic law as far as possible in the light of the wording and purpose of the directive?
What did the First Company Law Directive article 11 require?
In Marleasing SA v La Comercial SA the Court of Justice held that a Spanish Court had a duty to interpret domestic law as far as possible in the light of the wording and purpose of the directive?
How much did the Court of Justice rule that national courts have a duty to interpret domestic law as far as possible?
Who developed the principles of European Union law?
What are some accepted general principles of European Union Law?
When was the principle of proportionality recognized by the European Court of Justice?
Where is the principle of proportionality recognized?
What must be adopted when there is a choice between several appropriate measures?
When was the concept of legal certainty recognized by the European Court of Justice?
The concept of legal certainty is an important general principle in what two areas of European Union law?
What must the adoption of laws which will have legal effect in the European Union have?
The concept of legal certainty is recognized by the European Court of Justice since the 1960s.
Where is the European Court of Justice bound to draw inspiration from?
The European Court of Justice cannot uphold measures which are incompatible with what?
How many of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights?
Who should be prevented from violating human rights?
When was the European Convention on Human Rights established?
What body was established in 1950?
When did the European Council set up a body tasked with drafting a European Charter of Human Rights?
In what year did the Lisbon Treaty recognize fundamental rights?
What document was adopted at Strasbourg on 12 December 2007?
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has become an integral part of what?
Who enforced the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union?
The Social Chapter is a chapter of what treaty?
When was the Treaty of Amsterdam signed?
When was the Social Chapter developed?
How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?
How many pieces of legislation did the Social Chapter cover?
Who adopted the Social Charter in 1989?
Who refused to sign the Social Charter?
What was the Social Charter included in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty?
When was the Social Charter added to the Maastricht Treaty?
What event led to the adoption of the Agreement on Social Policy?
When was the UK Labour Party elected to government?
What law required workforce consultation in businesses?
When was the Parental Leave Directive adopted?
What did the 1994 Works Council Directive require?
What countries were part of the ECSC?
When was the ECSC formed?
What did Article 65 of the agreement ban?
What article made provisions for concentrations, or mergers?
In what year was the Treaty of Rome established?
What article of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements?
What does Article 102 prohibit?
What articles in the Treaty of Lisbon prohibit anti-competitive agreements?
What article of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits abuse of dominant position?
When was the concept of a "social market economy" introduced into EU law?
When was the Treaty of Rome signed?
What is the social market economy meant to reduce?
What was originally theorised to give way to a customs union?
Who has taken the view that the specific goals of free trade are underpinned by the general aims of the treaty for improvement of people's well being?
How is free movement of goods within the European Union achieved?
What is the principle of non-discrimination?
What is the principle of non-discrimination?
What is the principle of non-discrimination?
What did the Court of Justice rule that Austria did not infringe article 34?
What is the minimum alcohol content of a German law?
What country does the Court of Justice believe should be protected by the law?
In what year was the Commission v Italy case?
What did the Court of Justice rule was not justified by the pursuit of consumer protection?
What is an example of an indirect discriminatory law?
Which two importers claimed that their prosecution under a French competition law was unlawful?
What was the aim of the law?
In what case did the Court of Justice rule that selling arrangements would be presumed to not fall into TFEU article 34?
Under what law did the Court of Justice rule that selling arrangements would be presumed to not fall into TFEU article 34?
What did the Treaties seek to do?
Who originally focused on free movement of workers?
What was free movement based on?
What was the name of the case where a German man claimed the right to residence in the Netherlands?
What did the Court of Justice rule that Steymann was entitled to do?
What articles set out the main provisions on equal treatment of workers?
Who was the Belgian Football Association v Bosman?
What language was required to teach in a Dublin design college?
What are the main provisions of the Free Movement of Workers Regulation?
What are the main provisions of the Free Movement of Workers Regulation?
What has increasingly been seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice?
Citizenship of the EU has increased what?
What court held that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in Austrian universities to Austrian students?
What type of vocational training is required by the Court of Justice?
What protects the "freedom of establishment" in article 49?
In Gebhard v Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano the Court of Justice held that the requirements to be registered in Milan before being able to practice would be allowed if they were what?
What court held that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar was unjustified?
What article protects the freedom of establishment in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union?
In what case did the Court of Justice hold that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction?
When was a toxic waste spill off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire?
What did Spain not have a crime against?
When did the Commission look into legislation against toxic waste?
In what year was the competence for the EU to impose criminal sentences for toxic waste contested?
What does TFEU article 56 apply to?
Why was a Dutch lawyer told he could not continue?
In Van Binsbergen v Bestuur van de Bedrijfvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid, what was controlled in all member states?
In Van Binsbergen v Bestuur van de Bedrijfvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid, what did the Dutch health authorities consider unnecessary?
What newspaper's parent company could not evade tax by shifting its residence to the Netherlands?
What was the maximum amount of capital that a UK company could use to start a company?
What did the Court of Justice rule that a UK limited company could not be prevented from moving its seat of business?
What did the Court of Justice rule could prevent a company from moving its seat of business?
In what case did the Court of Justice rule that a UK limited company operating in Denmark could not be required to comply with Denmark's minimum share capital rules?
What is another name for the Amazon rainforest?
How many square kilometers is the Amazon rainforest?
How many nations are in the Amazon rainforest?
What is the name of the Amazon rainforest?
What is the largest rainforest in the world?
What is another name for the Amazon rainforest?
What is the largest rainforest in the world?
Where is the majority of the Amazon rainforest located?
How much of the planet's remaining rainforests is the Amazon?
How many species are in the Amazon rainforest?
What is the Amazon rainforest?
How many square miles is the Amazon rainforest?
How many nations are in the Amazon rainforest?
Where is the majority of the Amazon rainforest located?
How many species are in the Amazon rainforest?
What caused the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
When did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
What happened during the Oligocene?
What happened during the Oligocene?
How did the rainforest spread out across the continent?
What may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
From 66-34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as how much?
What has allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
During what period did the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band?
What happened to the rainforest during the Middle Miocene?
What event allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent?
When did the rainforest extend as far south as 45°?
When did the rainforest expand again?
When did the rainforest retreat to a mostly inland formation?
How long has the climate fluctuation allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
What happened during the mid-Eocene?
What is the lake now known as?
When was the Solimões Basin formed?
What did the Purus Arch do during the mid-Eocene?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
Where did the water on the eastern side of the Amazon flow?
Where did the water flow to in the Amazonas Basin?
In the mid-Eocene, where did water flow to the Pacific?
What is the lake now known as?
When was the drainage basin of the Amazon split?
The drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by what?
Where did the water on the eastern side of the Amazon flow?
Where did the water flow to in the Amazonas Basin?
What is the lake now known as?
What is the LGM?
What does the analysis of sediment deposits from the Amazon basin and the Amazon Fan indicate?
What do some scientists argue about the extent of the reduction in rainforest?
What has the debate about the extent to which the rainforest extended during the Last Glacial Maximum?
What is the main explanation for the decrease in rainforest vegetation?
How many years did the Last Glacial Maximum last?
When did the changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation occur?
What evidence from the Amazon basin paleolakes indicate that rainfall was lower than for the present?
What is thought to have caused the decrease in rainfall in the Amazon basin during the LGM?
How many years did the Last Glacial Maximum last?
What evidence from the Amazon basin paleolakes indicate that rainfall was lower than for the present?
What did the LGM reduce in the Amazon basin?
What are the small refugia separated by?
What is one of the reasons that the rainforest has been difficult to resolve?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far is the Atlantic Ocean from the Sahara?
Where does 27.7 million tons of dust fall?
How many tons of dust remain in the air?
Who has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How much dust fall over the Amazon basin?
How many tons of dust remain in the air?
How much dust falls on the Caribbean Sea?
What satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
What organization's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon?
How much dust is windblown out of the Sahara each year?
How far is the Atlantic Ocean from the Sahara?
How much dust fall over the Amazon basin?
What book was written by Betty Meggers?
What is the maximum population density in the rainforest?
What did Betty Meggers believe was the only way to sustain a large population?
What type of findings have suggested that the Amazon was actually densely populated?
How many people lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
Why was it difficult to sustain a large population through agriculture?
Who was a prominent proponent of the idea of a population density of 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre?
What is the population density per square kilometre?
What book was written by Betty Meggers?
Who was a prominent proponent of the idea of a population density of 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre?
What book was written by Betty Meggers?
What is the maximum population density in the rainforest?
How many people lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500?
How many people lived in the Amazon rainforest in the early 1980s?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When was a complex civilization flourishing along the Amazon?
What caused the destruction of the Amazon civilization?
When was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When were the geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
Who was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When was the first European to travel the length of the Amazon River?
When were the geoglyphs discovered on deforested land?
Who discovered the geoglyphs in 1977?
How long has the Amazon rainforest been shaped by man?
What is terra preta?
Where is terra preta distributed?
The development of the fertile soil allowed what in the previously hostile environment?
What tribe was found in the middle of the Amazon forest?
Who found the remains of settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest?
What is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest?
The development of the fertile soil allowed what in the previously hostile environment?
What tribe was found in the middle of the Amazon forest?
Who found the remains of settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest?
What evidence was found in the middle of the Amazon forest in 2003?
How many insect species are in Brazil?
How many bird species live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many plant species are in Brazil?
How many fish species live in the Amazonian rivers and streams?
How many invertebrate species are in Brazil?
How many insect species are in Brazil?
How many birds and mammals live in the Amazon?
How many plant species are in Brazil?
How many reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region?
How many bird species live in the rainforests of the Amazon?
How many acres of Ecuadorian rainforest is there?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many tonnes of living plants does the Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass in the Amazon?
How many species of plants have been registered in the region?
How does the biodiversity of plant species rank on Earth?
How many tree species does the Ecuadorian rainforest support?
How many living plants does the Amazon rainforest contain?
What is the average plant biomass per hectare?
How many species of plants have been registered in the region?
What can stun or kill a piranha?
Along with the jaguar, cougar and anaconda, what is the largest predatory creature in the rainforest?
What is known to bite and injure humans?
What do poison dart frogs secrete through their flesh?
What type of bats live in the rainforest?
What is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas?
When was access to the forest's interior highly restricted?
What method was used for crop cultivation in the 1960s?
Why were the colonists unable to manage their fields and the crops?
What is the main source of deforestation in the Amazon?
Between 1991 and 2000, what was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon?
Between 1991 and 2000, what was the total area of forest lost in the Amazon?
What is most of the lost forest now used for?
How does Brazil rank in terms of soybeans?
What percentage of land deforested since 1970 is used for livestock pasture?
Who has been used to justify many of the controversial transportation projects in the Amazon?
The first two highways opened up the rainforest and led to what?
What was the mean deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
Has deforestation declined or increased in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014?
What was the mean deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005?
What are environmentalists concerned about?
Environmentalists are concerned about loss of biodiversity that will result from what?
What could accelerate global warming?
What percentage of carbon is stored in Amazonian forests?
What is the average amount of carbon stored in Amazonian forests?
Under what conditions could the Amazon rainforest become unsustainable?
What is one computer model of future climate change caused by?
By what year will the Amazon rainforest lose its cover?
When could the rainforest be threatened by climate change?
What could threaten the rainforest in the 21st century?
What continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide?
Along with ethno-biology, what type of conservation efforts has increased interest in the relationship between non-human primates and indigenous lowland South American peoples?
What are the two main causes of the destruction of indigenous territories?
Which indigenous peoples continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories?
The relationship between non-human primates in the subsistence and symbolism of what peoples has gained increased attention?
What is being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests?
What tribe uses GPS devices to map out their ancestral lands?
Where do the Trio Tribe live?
Why do the Trio Tribe map out their ancestral lands?
Why is remote sensing used by the indigenous tribes of the basin?
What stage of the Amazon is crucial?
What does the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the Amazon depend on?
Who organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
When did Kuplich organize the trees of the Amazon into four categories?
What did Kuplich use to classify the trees of the Amazon?
In what year did parts of the Amazon basin experience the worst drought?
What organization is the Woods Hole Research Center located in?
What is pushing the rainforest towards a "tipping point" where it would irreversibly start to die?
What is the forest on the brink of being turned into?
Who reported results showing that the forest in its present form could survive only three years of drought?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience another severe drought?
How many square miles of rainforest was affected by the drought in 2010?
How many epicenters did the 2010 drought have?
In what year did the Amazon rainforest experience a severe drought?
How much carbon dioxide does the Amazon absorb in a typical year?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
Where do ctenophora live?
How large are ctenophora adults?
What is Ctenophora?
What are ctenophora?
What do ctenophora rely on for digestion and respiration?
What is the size of an adult ctenophora?
What are ctenophora?
What are ctenophora commonly known as?
What is the size of an adult ctenophora?
What do ctenophora rely on for digestion and respiration?
What are the Greek words for comb jellies?
Where do ctenophora live?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
How many species have been validated?
How many ctenophores have been fully described and named?
How many ctenophores have been validated?
What are the small tentacles in ctenophores called?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What do ctenophores have retractable?
What do ctenophores use as teeth?
How much can ctenophores eat in a day?
What are the small tentacles in ctenophores called?
What do ctenophores use as teeth?
What are ctenophores covered with?
How many ctenophores have been validated?
What species can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time?
What do most species look like?
What are hermaphrodites?
How can a single animal produce both eggs and sperm?
What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?
What kind of hermaphrodites have the eggs and sperm at different times?
What type of annelids are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
What enables small populations to grow at an explosive rate?
What is a hermaphrodites?
What are simultaneous hermaphrodites?
What are sequential hermaphrodites?
What type of annelids are fertilized inside their parents' bodies and kept there until they hatch?
Which species can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time?
Where has one ctenophore accidentally been introduced?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What are two factors that caused the growth of the Mnemiopsis population?
What do ctenophores preys on?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What do ctenophores eat to cause fish stocks to collapse?
Where do ctenophores occur in very high numbers?
Where do ctenophores occur in very high numbers?
What are phytoplankton?
What ctenophore has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea?
What is the cause of the ctenophore being introduced into the Black Sea?
What helped to mitigate the problem of ctenophores in the Black Sea?
When was the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event?
What are the ctenophores considered to be?
How long ago were ctenophores found in lagerstätten?
What do ctenophores have no?
How long ago were ctenophores found in lagerstätten?
When did all modern ctenophores appear?
What are the ctenophores considered to be?
What do ctenophores have no?
Jellyfish, sea anemones, and ctenophores are about as complex as what?
How are ctenophores distinguished from all other animals?
Ctenophores are less complex than what other animals?
What is the animal phylum that is more complex than sponges?
Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having what?
Jellyfish, sea anemones, and ctenophores are about as complex as what?
Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having what?
Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having what?
Which two animals are more complex than sponges?
Ctenophores are less complex than what other animals?
What is the middle layer of jelly-like material in cnidarians and ctenophores?
What have ctenophores and cnidarians traditionally been called?
What are ctenophores and cnidarians like?
Along with cnidarians, ctenophores have two main layers of cells that sandwich a middle layer of jelly-like material?
What do ctenophores use as their main method of locomotion?
What do ctenophores use cilia as?
What are comb-like bands of cilia called?
What does the name "ctenophora" mean?
Beroe and Mnemiopsis are part of what coastal genera?
What species is so fragile that it is difficult to capture them intact for study?
Why do ctenophores have a wide range of body plans?
What are the three coastal genera?
The inner surface of the cavity is lined with what?
What does the internal cavity of an annelid produce?
What is anthroat?
What does the internal cavity form?
What are the most active parts of an animal?
What are comb rows called?
What are comb rows called?
The comb rows on the outer surface are usually 8 comb rows?
How do ctenophores swim?
How long are comb rows?
What do some species rely on to adapt to water of different densities?
Where do ciliary rosettes pump water out of the body cavity?
What do ciliary rosettes pump water into the mesoglea to do?
What do rosettes do when they move from brackish to full-strength seawater?
What is the largest sensory feature in a ctenophore?
Where is the aboral organ located?
What is the statocyst protected by?
What is the main sensory feature of a ctenophore?
What is the statocyst?
What is a common coastal ctenophores body?
What do ctenophores extend from opposite sides of the body?
Do cydippid ctenophores have more or less rounded bodies?
Where are ctenophores' tentacles housed?
Where is the mouth located in the common coastal gooseberry?
What are the small tentacles of Euplokamis?
What are Colloblasts?
What are the main components of Euplokamis' tentilla?
How many types of movement do Euplokamis' tentilla have?
What are Euplokamis' tentilla used for?
How many rows of combs are in a metachronal rhythm?
Where do the eight rows of combs run?
How are the rows of combs spaced?
What runs out under the dome and splits with two adjacent comb rows?
What are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body?
What are the auricles in lobates?
How many auricles do many species of lobates have?
What do the water currents produced by lobates do?
What do lobates feed on?
How do lobates escape from danger?
Why do lobates clap their lobes?
What are lobates' combs coordinated by?
How are lobates' combs coordinated?
What are the Beroida also known as?
What is another name for Nuda?
What do the Beroida do with their mouth when they are not feeding?
What do the narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall do when the animal is not feeding?
What do Beroida have inside the large mouth and filling most of the saclike body?
What are ribbon-shaped planktonic animals?
What is the largest ctenophores?
What are Cestida?
How can Cestids swim?
What is the largest ctenophores?
What is on the aboral surface of Platyctenida?
What do Platyctenids do with their pharynx?
All but one of the known platyctenid species lack what?
Where do Platyctenids live?
How are eggs and sperm released?
What do platyctenids use?
Which species has occasionally seen self-fertilization?
Where are the gonads located?
Fertilization is what in most species?
What do Beroe juveniles lack?
Where do the flat bottom-dwelling platyctenids live?
When does the metamorphosis of the annelids occur?
How do the juveniles behave in some groups?
In what genus do juveniles lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths?
What happens when ctenophores' bioluminescence is disturbed?
What happens when some species are disturbed?
Bathyctena chuni, Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera produce secretions called what?
What happens when ctenophores' luminescence is diffused over their bodies?
Are all ctenophores predators?
What do members of the genus Haeckelia prey on?
What do members of the genus Haeckelia do?
What does Bolinopsis prey on?
What group of ctenophores feeds on salps?
What made ctenophores a poor diet for other animals?
What type of fish is Oncorhynchus keta?
What is difficult to identify in the guts of possible predators?
Where are ctenophores found?
Some jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of what?
What was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov in the late 1980s?
How was Mnemiopsis leidyi accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov?
How were Mnemiopsis populations brought under control?
When was the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi accidentally introduced?
What was the effect of the cooling of the local climate?
Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils?
What do the Ediacaran Eoandromeda represent?
When were ctenophores found?
How many ctenophores were found in the Burgess Shale?
Why were all three ctenophores found in lagerstätten?
How long ago is the fossil Stromatoveris dated?
What is similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period?
What is the name of the early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil?
What is Stromatoveris similar to?
During what period was the Vendobionta period?
The relationship of ctenophores to the rest of Metazoa is important to our understanding of the early evolution of animals and the origin of multicellularity?
Ctenophores are the sister lineage to the Bilateria and sister to all other animal phyla.
Which ctenophores have cydippid-like larvae?
What did Harbison conclude the cydippids are not?
When did the last common ancestor of modern ctenophores resemble cydippids?
Who's purely morphological analysis in 1985 concluded that the cydippids are not monophyletic?
What is the largest city in California?
How far is Fresno from Los Angeles?
What does the name Fresno mean in Spanish?
What is featured on the city's flag?
What is the county seat of Fresno County?
When did the Central Pacific Railroad establish a station near Easterby's?
Why did many Millerton residents move to the new community?
When did Fresno become an incorporated city?
How many streetcars did the Fresno Traction Company operate in 1931?
What did the Central Pacific Railroad build around the station?
What percentage of Fresno's population was Asian in 1940?
Along with Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy and Little Italy, what ethnic neighborhood was located in Fresno before World War II?
Where was the Pinedale Assembly Center located?
What was the Pinedale Assembly Center?
What was the Pinedale Assembly Center used for?
What was the name of BankAmericard?
What was the name of BankAmericard?
What did BankAmericard allow cardholders to do?
When was BankAmericard spun off?
What company did BankAmericard merge with in 1976?
Who wrote the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Who recorded the song "Walking Into Fresno"?
Where did Aken grow up?
Where did Bill Aken play guitar in the 1970s?
Who adopted Aken?
How many large public parks does Fresno have?
What park is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo?
Which park is the largest in the Fresno region?
What is the name of the park in Woodward Park?
Which park is the largest in the Fresno region?
When did Downtown Fresno flourish?
What are some of the original buildings in Downtown Fresno?
What is the current name of the Grand 1401?
What building was burned down in the 1880s?
When was the Fulton Mall converted into a pedestrian mall?
What is the name of the area that contains the densest collection of historic buildings in Fresno?
Which piece in the world can one walk up to and touch?
Where will the public art pieces be placed?
What will the Fulton Mall feature to continue with the pedestrian friendly environment?
Where is the neighborhood of Sunnyside located?
What are the major thoroughfares of Sunnyside?
When was Sunnyside developed?
What neighborhood is located on the far southeast side of Fresno?
Who designed the Sunnyside Country Club's golf course?
What famous theater is located in the Tower District?
When was the Tower Theatre built?
The name of the theater refers to a well-known landmark that is actually in another nearby area?
What is the name of the landmark water tower in the Tower District?
How far is the Tower District from Fresno City College?
When did the Tower Theatre reopen?
What did the Tower Theatre show in the late 1970s?
When did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players open?
Where is Audra McDonald from?
What film did Audra McDonald play at the Tower Theatre?
Along with restaurants and nightclubs, what type of theater is located in the Tower District?
How is the Tower District located?
What area has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses?
What area has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses?
What area has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses?
What is the area known for?
What type of houses were designed by Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler?
What is the residential architecture of the Tower District?
When have many of the early twentieth century homes been restored?
What road is the home to many large homes?
Who mapped the Alta Vista Tract?
In what year did the Alta Vista Tract become a part of the city?
How many homes did the Alta Vista Tract have in 1911?
What company developed the Alta Vista Tract?
What is another name for the West Side of Fresno?
Where is the 99 freeway located?
The West Side of Fresno is the center of what community?
What are the names of the Asian-American populations in the West Side of Fresno?
What is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city?
Who is Kearney Boulevard named after?
What is Kearney Boulevard lined with?
Where is Kearney Boulevard located?
What is the name of the neighborhood on the southern edge of the West Side south of Jensen and west of Elm?
What is Kearney Boulevard known as?
When were the public housing developments built in the neighborhood?
On what streets is a modern shopping center located?
Which two companies have large processing facilities in the neighborhood?
Where is the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport located?
How much retail activity does the neighborhood have?
Who founded Woodward Park?
How large is Woodward Park?
How many people attend Woodward Park?
How many miles is Woodward Park?
When is Woodward Park open?
When was the Sierra Sky Park Airport founded?
Who created the nation's first planned aviation community?
What airport was founded in 1946?
Along with personal aircraft, what type of vehicles are allowed to share certain roads?
Are there any other aviation communities in the United States?
What type of summers does Fresno have?
What is the warmest month in Fresno?
What is the average annual precipitation in Fresno?
Where do most of the wind rose direction occurrences come from?
Which months are considered the warmest in San Diego?
What is the record high temperature for Fresno?
When was the record low temperature for Fresno?
What is the record high temperature for Fresno?
What is the official record high temperature for Fresno?
What is the official record high temperature for Fresno?
What was the population of Fresno in 2010?
What percentage of the population is White?
What was the population of Fresno in 2010?
What was the population density of Fresno in 2010?
What was the population density per square mile in 2010?
How many households had children under the age of 18 living in them?
What percentage of households had a female householder with no husband present?
How many same-sex married couples were there?
What was the average family size in Atlantic City?
What was the average household size?
How many people lived in Atlantic City in 2000?
How many housing units were in Atlantic City in 2000?
What percentage of the population is Black or African American?
How much of the population is Hmong?
What was the population density in 2000?
Why did the Federal Communications Commission decide that Fresno would only have UHF television stations?
What was the first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting?
When did KMJ-TV debut?
What is KMJ now known as?
Which CBS affiliate did the Federal Communications Commission decide would only have UHF television stations?
What is the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley?
What is the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley?
What is the Yosemite Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway called?
Which direction does the Kings Canyon Freeway come from?
What is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an interstate highway?
When was the Interstate Highway System created?
What is the current name of State Route?
Why was the decision made to build what is now Interstate 5 on the west side of the Central Valley?
Who provides passenger rail service in Fresno?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot located?
Which two railroads cross in Fresno?
Who operates former Southern Pacific branchlines heading west and south out of the city?
Where is the Santa Fe Railroad Depot located?
Who developed the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
How did the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching differ from the principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth?
What was the impact of the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What did Paul Baran develop in the late 1950s?
What was the goal of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
What was the impact of the concept of Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching?
Packet switching contrasts with what principal networking paradigm?
What is circuit switching characterized by?
How is packet switching characterized?
Packet switching contrasts with what principal networking paradigm?
What is circuit switching?
How is circuit switching characterized?
How is packet switching characterized?
How isacket mode communication implemented?
How are packet mode communication normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes?
How are packets delivered in a shared physical medium?
How isacket mode communication implemented?
How are Packets normally forwarded?
How are packets delivered in a shared physical medium?
What did Baran develop during his research?
What did Baran develop the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching into?
What did Baran's work focus on?
What did Baran's work focus on?
What did Report P-2626 describe?
How was the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching developed?
What did Baran develop during his research at the RAND Corporation?
What did Baran's work focus on?
What did Donald Davies do in 1965?
What did Donald Davies call the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What did Donald Davies propose in 1966?
What did Donald Davies propose to use the same message routing methodology as Baran?
Who developed the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What did Donald Davies call the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What did Davies do with the same message routing methodology as Baran?
What is a benefit of connectionless mode?
How are packets routed in connectionless mode?
How is each packet labeled in connectionless mode?
What is the main benefit of connectionless mode?
What is different for each network node through which the connection passes?
What is the main requirement for routing a packet?
What do the packets include?
What doesConnection-oriented transmission require?
What does Frame Relay provide?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
What is a major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay?
When didARPANET and SITA HLN become operational?
How many different network technologies were developed before the introduction of X.25?
What is an example of a datagram protocol?
What is an example of a datagram protocol?
What was AppleTalk?
What did AppleTalk include?
What was the AppleTalk system?
What was AppleTalk?
What was the French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin?
What did the CYCLADES packet switching network do?
What did the CYCLADES packet switching network do?
What did the CYCLADES packet switching network influence?
What is DECnet?
What was DECnet originally released for?
What happened to DECnet in the 1980s?
What was DECnet Phase II?
What was the purpose of the voice-phone network?
What was the computer time-sharing service thought to be?
What was Sinback's job?
What did Sinback decide in 1965?
Why was the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad formed?
When was the packet-switched network first demonstrated?
What was the purpose of the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad?
What was Telenet?
Who founded Telenet?
Why was Telenet founded?
What did Telenet change?
What company bought Telenet in 1973?
What was Tymnet?
What did Tymnet use X.25, SNA/SDLC and ASCII interfaces to do?
How were users typically connected to Tymnet?
What did Tymnet allow?
How was Tymnet connected to other networks?
What were the two kinds of X.25 networks?
Who developed DATAPAC?
What did the X.25 external interface allow?
What was AUSTPAC?
What was the purpose of AUSTPAC?
How can AUSTPAC be used?
What was Datanet 1?
How did the name Datanet 1 refer to the network?
What did the name Datanet 1 refer to?
Why was the name Datanet 1 incorrect?
What does CSNET stand for?
What was the purpose of the CSNET?
What did the CSNET play a significant role in?
What is Internet2?
Who built the first Internet2 Network?
What was the first Internet2 Network?
What did Internet2 announce in 2006?
What happened in October of 2007?
What does NSFNET stand for?
What was the purpose of the National Science Foundation Network?
What did the National Science Foundation Network do?
What does vBNS stand for?
What was the purpose of the Very high-speed Backbone Network Service?
What was the purpose of the vBNS?
What did the vBNS use to connect universities and engineering institutions?
What did the vBNS do in 1998?
Where did the Black Death originate?
Where did the Black Death originate?
How much of Europe was killed by the Black Death?
When did the Black Death end?
How long did the Black Death last?
What is enzootic?
What are the dates of the Nestorian graves near Lake Issyk Kul?
Along with India, what country could the plague have spread to?
In what year did the plague disease spread to China and India?
How many people were killed by the plague?
Who introduced the plague to Europe?
Who was the Mongol army under?
What did the army catapult over the city walls of Kaffa to infect the inhabitants?
Where did the Genoese traders take the plague by ship?
What conditions contributed to the severity of the Black Death?
Where did the plague spread from Italy?
Where did the plague spread to in 1351?
Where was the plague less common?
Where did the plague spread east from 1348 to 1350?
When was the plague introduced in Norway?
What did the Plague lead to?
When did the plague reach Alexandria?
How did the plague reach Alexandria?
What happened to Antioch in 1348-49?
Who claimed that the Latin name atra mors first appeared in modern times in 1631?
What Latin name did Gasquet use for the 14th century epidemic?
Who wrote "Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant"?
When was the medieval epidemic first called the Black Death?
Where did the name atra mors spread?
What did the king of France blame for the plague?
Who did the medical faculty report to?
What was the most widely accepted theory?
What is the most widely accepted theory that the plague was caused by bad air?
What is the dominant explanation for the Black Death?
Where did scientists visit to investigate the cause of the Black Death?
Who was responsible for the outbreak of Yersinia pestis?
What was the main explanation for the Black Death?
The bubonic plague mechanism was dependent on what?
Who wrote about the Great Pestilence in 1893?
What did Gasquet believe the Great Pestilence would appear to be?
When was the second edition of the 'Great Pestilence' published?
What did Gasquet implicate in the bubonic plague?
What was another ancient and medieval plague that was widely accepted?
What is the mortality rate of the modern bubonic plague?
What is the typical temperature for the bubonic plague?
What percentage of people who contract the bubonic plague die within eight days?
What is the mortality rate of pneumonic plague?
What is the most common symptom of bubonic plague?
When did the open-access scientific journal PLoS Pathogens publish a paper about the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death?
What did PLoS Pathogens publish in 2010?
How did the researchers assess the presence of DNA/RNA in human skeletons?
Where did the researchers find Y. pestis?
What did the new research conclude about Yersinia pestis?
What are the two previously unknown but related clades of the Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves?
What two clades were found to be ancestral to modern isolates of the modern Y. pestis strains?
What did the study conclude about the Y. pestis genome?
When did the first variant of the Y. pestis genome enter Europe?
When did the Y. pestis genome reach England?
The Haensch study has since been what?
Where were the Black Death victims found?
What did Schuenemann conclude the Black Death in medieval Europe was caused by a variant of Y. pestis?
When was the study published in Nature?
Who challenged the bubonic plague theory?
What did Shrewsbury conclude about the bubonic plague theory?
What did Shrewsbury conclude about the bubonic plague theory?
What did Graham Twigg produce in 1984?
Who challenged the bubonic plague theory?
What is as important as an identification of symptoms?
Why are researchers hampered by the spread of the plague?
How much did the population vary between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377?
From whom are estimates of plague victims extrapolated from?
When was no census undertaken?
What did sceptics of the bubonic plague theory believe was to account for a bubonic Plague pandemic?
What did sceptics believe transference via fleas in goods was likely to be?
What do sceptics of the bubonic plague theory point out?
What do sceptics of the bubonic plague theory believe about the spread of the Black Death?
How long does it take for the bubonic plague to spread?
What did Twigg believe was the cause of the Y. pestis?
What did Norman Cantor think was the cause of the Y. pestis?
What other diseases are thought to have caused the Y. pestis outbreak?
What is another term for the pneumonic hypothesis?
How many bodies were exhumed from the Clerkenwell area of London?
What is the most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East?
How many people died in the Black Death?
What is the most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East?
How much of the population died in the Black Death?
What was the most widely accepted estimate for the Middle East during the Black Death?
When did the plague haunt Europe and the Mediterranean?
What was Biraben's estimation of the plague?
How many people were lost to the plague in the epidemic of 1628-31?
What were the preincident population figures in England in 1300?
When did the Black Death end?
What percentage of the population was affected by an outbreak in 1471?
When did the Great Plague of London end?
How many people died of the plague in Paris in 1466?
Where did the Black Death end?
What was the last plague outbreak in central Europe?
When was the last plague outbreak in Oslo?
How many times did the Plague occur in Venice?
How many people died in the first half of the 17th century?
How many people were killed by the plague in 1656?
What did the plague of 1649 do to Seville?
What was the Great Northern War?
When did Europe's last major epidemic occur?
When was the Black Death?
How many people did Algiers lose in 1620-21?
How long did the Plague remain a major event in Ottoman society?
How much of Baghdad's population was wiped out by the Black Death?
When a rock crystallizes, it is an igneous rock?
What type of rock can be turned into?
What type of rock is formed when a rock crystallizes from melt?
What are the three major types of rock?
What changes the mineral content of the rock?
What was the most important of the discoveries in the 1960s?
What does the Earth's lithosphere include?
The plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle is called what?
The oceanic lithosphere is the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of what?
When was seafloor spreading discovered?
What were Mid-ocean ridges explained as?
What were Arcs of volcanoes and earthquakes explained as?
What type of boundary resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes?
Who's theory of continental drift provided a mechanism for many observations of the solid Earth?
What did plate tectonics help explain?
What can seismologists use in reverse to image the interior of the Earth?
The layered model of the Earth has a lithosphere and what else on top?
The crust and lithosphere on top of what part of the Earth isseparated within itself by seismic discontinuities?
What have seismologists been able to create detailed images of inside the earth?
Along with the crust, lithosphere and inner core, what is below the surface of the Earth?
Which scale shows the most recent eon?
What is a very short period with short epochs?
What is the latest epoch in the geologic time scale?
What does Q stand for?
What pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?
If a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, then the formations that are not cut must be what?
What may help determine whether a fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault?
If a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, how old are the formations that were cut?
What type of rocks are found in igneous rocks?
What are xenoliths picked up as?
What can be found in a formation that is older than the formation that contains them?
What states that if inclusions are found in a formation, then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them?
In sedimentary rocks, what is often ripped up and included in a newer layer?
What is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
Who laid out the principles of succession?
Is the principle of faunal succession complex or complex?
The principle of faunal succession is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
Whose theory of evolution is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?
When was important advancement in geological science facilitated by the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates?
What could geologists use to date sections of rock relative to one another?
 isotopic dates made it possible to assign what to rock units?
What did geologists use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to?
Where could absolute dates be applied to?
What can be used to determine the age of pluton emplacement?
What is the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice?
What is measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature?
What can provide absolute age data for sedimentary rock units that do not contain radioactive isotopes?
When rock units are placed under what, they shorten and become thicker?
Where do thrust faults form?
When rock units are placed under horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker?
When rock units are placed under horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker?
When rock units are placed under horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker?
What causes rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner?
What is the French word for "sausage"?
Where can the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon be seen over a length of less than a meter?
What type of rocks are ductilely stretched?
How are rock units able to become longer and thinner?
What type of rock unit is formed along cracks?
Where do dikes form?
What do deformational processes result in?
What maintains the topographic gradient in spite of the movement of sediment?
What is often associated with volcanism and igneous activity?
The Hawaiian Islands consist almost entirely of what?
What is the oldest known rock in the world?
What do the sedimentary sequences of the mid-continental United States contain almost-undeformed stacks of?
Since what time have the sedimentary rocks in the Grand Canyon remained in place?
Where is the Acasta gneiss located?
What is petrology?
What is stratigraphy?
What is structural geology?
What do geologists study in rivers, landscapes, and glaciers?
What do petrologists do in the field?
What are some properties that can be identified through cross-polarized light?
What do isotope studies provide insight into?
Where do petrologists identify rock samples?
How are rock samples analyzed in an optical mineralogy analysis?
Petrologists can use fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and what to understand the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear?
Petrologists can use fluid inclusion data and perform what to understand the temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear?
Along with igneous and metamorphic processes, what can be used to understand the changes in mineral phases?
Who uses microscopic analysis of thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What doStructural geologists use to observe the fabric within the rocks?
What type of measurements doStructural geologists use to understand geological structures?
What type of experiments doStructural geologists perform to understand rock deformation in large and small settings?
What are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries?
What are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plates?
What is pulled along a lower surface into a back stop?
What is a critically tapered orogenic wedge?
What type of models work in the same way as the analog models?
Who analyze samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field?
What do Stratigraphers analyze data from?
What can be combined to produce a better view of the subsurface?
What do stratigraphers use to analyze data from geophysical surveys?
What do stratigraphers search for in the subsurface?
Why do geochronologists precisely date rocks within the stratigraphic section?
Who analyze rock samples from outcrop and drill cores for fossils found in them?
Who looks for magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within the drill cores?
Who studies rocks within the stratigraphic section to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition?
Where can the origin of the science of geology be traced to?
Who was one of the earliest Persian geologists?
Who was one of the earliest Persian geologists?
Which Persian scholar proposed that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia after the Muslim conquests?
What did Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni theorize was the origin of the science of geology?
Who was the first modern geologist?
What was Hutton's paper called?
When was Hutton's paper published?
What was Hutton's theory about the Earth?
Who produced the first geological map of the US?
When was the first geological map produced?
When was the first geological map of the U.S. produced?
What was the name of Maclure's memoir?
Who did Maclure submit his findings to?
What book did Sir Charles Lyell publish in 1830?
What doctrine did the Principles of Geology promote?
What doctrine did the Principles of Geology promote?
What is the theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events and remained unchanged thereafter?
Who was the author of Principles of Geology?
How far is Newcastle from Edinburgh?
How far from the North Sea is Newcastle?
What network of European cities does Newcastle belong to?
What is Newcastle's county name?
What is the regional nickname for Newcastle?
Who was William the Conqueror's eldest son?
What trade did Newcastle grow as an important center for in the 14th century?
What was the major mining area in the 14th century?
When did Newcastle's port develop?
What is the name of the world's most popular half marathon?
What was the first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle?
What river was Pons Aelius located on?
What was the population of Pons Aelius at the time?
What was the name of the Roman wall that was founded in the 2nd century AD?
What tribe was Pons Aelius built for?
What was Newcastle's northern fortress?
Who granted Newcastle a charter in 1589?
How tall was the wall built around Newcastle in the 13th century?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle in 1174?
How many times was Newcastle defended by the Scots during the 14th century?
What did the royal act restrict all shipments of from Tyneside to Newcastle Quayside?
What was the cartel of Newcastle burgesses known as?
What does the phrase taking coals to Newcastle mean?
What was Timothy Dexter regarded as?
What were the merchants trying to do with the shipment of coal?
Along with keelmen, who lived in the Sandgate area?
What was used to transfer coal from the river banks to London and elsewhere?
How many people died of plague in the 1630's?
What percentage of Newcastle's population died from the plague in 1636?
What type of loss did the keelmen suffer?
Who did the North declare for during the English Civil War?
Who captured Newburn in 1644?
What did the North use to take over Newburn?
What did the motto "Fortiter Defendit Triumphans" mean?
Who was imprisoned in Newcastle during the English Civil War?
What was the result of the industrial revolution?
What was the largest pottery company in the world in 1817?
What was one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by incandescent lighting?
Along with shipbuilding and heavy engineering, what was important to the city in the 19th century?
What was the first public road in the world to be lit by incandescent light?
What type of street layout does Newcastle still retain?
What is another name for "chares"?
What remains in abundance around the riverside and higher parts of the city centre?
What type of buildings are present in Close, Sandhill and Quayside?
What is the "House of Tides"?
What is the name of the neoclassical center in Newcastle?
What did Stuart Maconie call Newcastle?
What is one of the finest streets in England?
When was Grainger Town demolished?
What is one of the finest streets in England?
What is the largest green space in Newcastle?
What do the freemen of Newcastle have the right to do on it?
What is the largest travelling funfair in Europe?
When is the Hoppings funfair held?
Who has the right to graze cattle on the Town Moor?
What has replaced former shipping premises with imposing new office developments?
Who commissioned the Gateshead Millennium Bridge?
Who designed The Sage Gateshead music center?
What is the purpose of the bridge linking Newcastle and Gateshead?
How many days did the Bambuco Bridge last?
What is the historic heart of Newcastle?
When was the Grainger Town area built?
How high are the buildings in the Grainger Town area?
How many buildings are in the Grainger Town area?
What was the earlier market originally built in 1808?
When was the Grainger Market opened?
How many guests attended the grand dinner at the Grainger Market?
What does the Laing Art Gallery have at the Grainger Market?
Who listed the Grainger Market as grade I?
What type of climate is Newcastle?
What is the influence of the Gulf Stream in Newcastle?
What type of weather does Newcastle suffer from?
When was the temperature extremes recorded at the Newcastle Weather Centre?
Along with the British Isles, what other area has a similar climate to Newcastle?
In what year was the Eldon Square Shopping Centre opened?
What is one of the largest city center shopping complexes in the UK?
What store was the world's first department store?
In 2010, what was the largest shopping area in Newcastle?
What year was the Eldon Square Shopping Centre opened?
Grainger Street and the area around Grey's Monument are examples of what type of destinations in Newcastle?
What type of shopping area is Gosforth and Byker?
What store is located in Kingston Park on the edge of Newcastle?
What is the largest indoor shopping center in Europe?
Where is the MetroCentre located?
What was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly?
What were Tyneside flats built as?
Where has a new development recreated the Tyneside flat?
Who built the Tyneside flat?
What was the main attraction of the Tyneside flat?
What was the proportion of detached homes in the 2010 Census?
What was the proportion of converted or shared houses in 2011?
What does the authority feel about the housing stock in the local authorities?
The authority is one of few what to see the proportion of detached homes rise in the 2010 Census?
What is one of the few authorities to see the proportion of detached homes rise in the 2010 Census?
In what year did the UK Government return census information?
What borough of Newcastle has a population of around 259,000?
What was the population of Newcastle in 2001?
What did the UK Government return in 2001?
What was the population of Newcastle in 2001?
What is the average age of people living in Newcastle?
Many people in Newcastle have Scottish or Irish what?
What surnames do many people in Newcastle have?
How many Bolivians live in Newcastle?
What is the largest percentage of the population in Newcastle?
What is the Geordie dialect known as?
Who spoke the Geordie dialect?
What does the Geordie dialect retain?
The Geordie dialect contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive word pronunciations not used in other parts of the United Kingdom?
What is another name for Geordie?
Where did the words "Bairn" and "hyem" originate?
Where are some words used in the Geordie dialect used?
In what language are the words "bonny" and "hyem" used?
What are some words used in the Geordie dialect?
What language is the Geordie dialect derived from?
What did the Ear Institute publish in February 2007?
What was Newcastle rated as in the whole of the UK?
What is the average level of noise in Newcastle?
What did the report claim the noise levels would have a long-term impact on the health of the city's residents?
What did the Ear Institute say was the noisiest city in the UK?
Where is the Diamond Strip located?
What type of complex is The Gate?
How many screens does the Empire multiplex cinema have?
What is the name of Newcastle's gay scene?
What is the main attractions of The Pink Triangle?
What does Newcastle have a proud history of?
Who managed the original Theatre Royal?
What did Stephen Kemble guide the theatre through?
When was the original Theatre Royal opened?
Where was the original Theatre Royal demolished?
What does the city still contain?
What is the largest theater in the city?
Who has hosted a season of performances at the Theatre Royal on Grey Street?
What type of talent does the Theatre Royal on Grey Street feature?
In 2006, what was NewcastleGateshead voted as?
What is the largest independent library outside London?
How many CDs are in the Lit and Phil library?
Who designed the Lit and Phil building?
What was the first public building to be lit by electric light?
Who lectures at the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne?
What festival takes place in April?
When does the Evolution Festival take place?
How often is the AV Festival held?
What is the name of the Newcastle Beer Festival?
How many weeks does the EAT! NewcastleGateshead run?
What is the largest travelling fair in Europe?
When does The Hoppings take place?
What movement is the origins of The Hoppings?
What is the Northern Rock Cyclone?
What is the largest travelling fair in Europe?
What is the annual two-day multicultural event held on the late August bank holiday weekend?
Where is the Norman Foster designed?
What annual festival provides the public with an opportunity to see work by regional, national and international designers?
What ethnicity is the SAMA Festival?
Where is the International Arts Fair held?
What type of band is Lindisfarne?
When was "Fog on the Tyne" released?
Which band was reckoned by many to be the originators of black metal?
What is the name of the first folk metal band?
What band did Andy Taylor play for?
When was the Pilgrim Street building refurbished?
Where did the Tyneside Cinema move to in May 2008?
How many cinemas are on the site?
What is the last surviving news cinema still in full-time operation?
What part of the Tyneside Cinema was added in May 2008?
What is the name of the museum in Newcastle?
What does the Discovery Museum focus on?
What type of heritage does the Discovery Museum highlight?
When did the Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities merge with the Great North Museum?
What museum is dedicated to children's books?
What was the earliest known movie featuring exterior scenes filmed in Newcastle?
What was the name of the 1971 film filmed in Newcastle?
What was the name of the film that featured exterior scenes in Newcastle?
Who directed Stormy Monday?
Along with Melanie Griffith and Sean Bean, who starred in the film Stormy Monday?
Where is the horse racing course in Newcastle?
What basketball team plays at the Sport Central complex at Northumbria University?
What speedway team is based at Brough Park in Byker?
Where are the Newcastle Diamonds based?
What is the most successful basketball team in the history of the British Basketball League?
How far is Newcastle International Airport from the city centre?
Newcastle International Airport is connected to the city via what system?
How long does it take to travel from the city centre to Newcastle International Airport?
How many passengers does Newcastle International Airport handle each year?
As of 2007, how many destinations were available worldwide?
What type of architecture was added to the station in 2014?
How many Grade One listed railway stations are in the UK?
Who was the first covered railway station in the world?
Who was the architect who constructed the station's facade?
What is the name of the railway station to the east of the city center?
How much frequency does Virgin Trains East Coast provide to London King's Cross?
What is the journey time of Virgin Trains East Coast to London King's Cross?
Where do all trains call?
What type of trains serve destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands and the South West?
Who provides local and regional services to London King's Cross?
What is the name of the system of suburban and underground railways covering much of Tyne and Wear?
How many phases was the Tyne and Wear Metro opened?
What type of tunnels were constructed through Newcastle city centre?
What was built across the Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead?
How many passengers does the Tyne and Wear Metro carry each year?
What is the period of refurbishment and modernization called?
What type of ticket gates are part of the transition to?
What is being overhauled?
What is one of the longer term plans for the Metro system?
What is one of the proposed routes that the Metro is currently undergoing a period of refurbishment and modernization?
What is the name of the major road in the area?
What is the name of the A68 that heads past Newcastle Airport and up through central Northumberland and central Scottish Borders?
What is the A167?
What is the name of the new line of the A1?
What is one of the major roads in the area?
How many main bus companies are in the city?
How many major bus stations are in the city?
Which bus company is the primary operator in the city?
Who coordinates the bus services in Newcastle?
Which bus company operates from Eldon Square Bus Station?
When did Newcastle first develop its cycling strategy?
What is the local council social aims and objectives for cycling?
What type of living does cycling promote?
How are contraflows implemented on Newcastle's streets?
What does the local council want to link the local networks to?
Who runs a service to IJmuiden?
When did the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden cease?
What was the cause of the end of the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg?
When was the DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg terminated?
What cruise line has included Newcastle as a departure port on its Norwegian and Fjords cruise?
How many LEA-funded schools are in Newcastle?
How many independent schools are in Newcastle?
What is the largest co-ed independent school in Newcastle?
What is the largest general further education college in the North East?
What religion is St. Mary's?
How many universities does Newcastle have?
What is the name of the largest university in Newcastle?
What award did Newcastle University win in 2000?
What happened to the polytechnics in the UK in 1992?
What is the name of the second university in Newcastle?
How many cathedrals does Newcastle have?
When was the lantern tower in the Anglican St. Nicholas built?
What type of cathedral is located in Fenham?
Who is the only parish church in the Church of England without a parish?
What did the three cathedrals begin their lives as?
What is the oldest church in Newcastle?
When was the main porch added?
What was the last addition to the church in 1726?
The Parish Church of St Andrew is surrounded by the last of what?
What is the oldest church in Newcastle?
Where was ITV Tyne Tees based?
Where did ITV Tyne Tees move in 2005?
What gave the name to the 1980s music television programme, The Tube?
Why is the building at Spital Tongues known as the Pink Palace?
What radio station did ITV Tyne Tees move to in 2005?
What was the first full-time community radio station in the area?
What is the first full-time community radio station in the area?
How long has Radio Tyneside been the voluntary hospital radio service for most hospitals?
What station is based at the Great North Children's Hospital?
Where does NE1fm broadcast from?
When did Avison die?
What position did Basil Hume hold?
Who was the father of the modern steam railways?
What invention did Sir Charles Parsons invent?
What country was Avison born in?
What school did Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch attend?
Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer are what type of footballers?
What award did Peter Higgs win?
What musical instrument did John Dunn invent?
Where did John Dunn live?
Where is the Victoria and Albert Museum located?
What is the size of the Victoria and Albert Museum?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
What is the Victoria and Albert Museum named?
Where is the Victoria and Albert Museum located?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum founded?
Who is the Victoria and Albert Museum named after?
Who sponsors the Victoria and Albert Museum?
When was the Victoria and Albert Museum opened?
How many acres is the V&A?
How many galleries does the V&A have?
How many years of art does the V&A have?
The V&A's collection spans 5,000 years of art from what cultures?
The V&A owns the world's largest collection of what type of art?
The V&A has its origins in what event?
Who was the first director of the V&A?
What was the original name of the V&A?
Where was the Museum of Manufactures moved to by September of 1854?
Who created the design for the Museum of Manufactures?
Who opened the Royal College of Art on 22 June 1857?
When was the official opening of the Royal College of Art?
Who was the first Keeper of Fine Art Collection?
What was introduced by the use of gas lighting?
When did the Royal College of Art achieve full independence?
When was the Britain Can Make It exhibition held?
How many people attended the Britain Can Make It exhibition?
The success of the British Can Make It exhibition led to the planning of what?
What was the name of the exhibition held after the war?
By what year had most of the collections been returned to the museum?
What did the V&A present in 1973?
What British progressive folk-rock band performed at the V&A in 1973?
Who was the directorship of the V&A in 1973?
What type of music did Gryphon explore?
The V&A is in discussion with the University of what city?
What is the most expensive gallery project ever undertaken in Scotland?
Where will the V&A Dundee be located?
What is the focus of the V&A Dundee?
When is the V&A expected to open?
What was the name of the land that was occupied by the Brompton Boilers?
What was the first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum?
Who was the architect that built the Sheepshanks Gallery?
What is the name of the building that was built in 1862?
What is the Secretariat Wing?
What was the name of the area in the east of the museum?
What style of decoration was adopted for the north part of the museum?
Who designed the bronze doors in the north façade?
Who was depicted on the panels in the north façade?
What famous artist was depicted in the mosaic at the north part of the museum?
Who designed the Green Dining Room from 1866-68?
Who designed the stained-glass windows in the Centre Refreshment Room?
Who designed the Centre Refreshment Room 1865-77?
Who sculpted the marble fireplace?
Who designed the Grill Room 1876-81?
Who was the next architect to work at the Royal Engineers?
What is another name for the science schools?
What was the staircase that rises the full height of the museum made from?
What is the V&A now used for?
When did the Sackler Centre for arts education open?
What was used to decorate the east side of the building?
Who designed the wrought iron gates in 1885?
Where were the Cast Courts located?
What was the final part of the museum designed by Scott?
Who designed the exterior mosaic panels in the garden?
Who designed the main façade?
What was the main façade built from?
How long is the main façade?
What is the main façade surmounted by?
What is the main façade of the museum?
Who sculpted Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance?
How many levels of galleries are in the palace?
Who sculpted Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance?
What material is used in the entrance hall and flanking staircases?
Who appears in the main arch above the twin entrances?
In 1966 and 1967, where were the new storage space for books located?
In 1974 the Royal College of Science acquired what part of the museum?
What was constructed on the site of the former boiler house?
Who designed the iron gates in the Royal College of Art?
What was the intended site of the new entrance building?
What gallery was redesigned in 2002?
What in the sculpture gallery was restored in 2006?
What is the name of the redesign of the British Galleries?
Where is the main silverware gallery located?
Who designed the new Cafe?
Who redesigned the central garden?
What was the original name of the central garden?
What shape is the water feature in the central garden?
What is the central garden used for?
What type of tree is in the central garden?
When did the V&A open the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
Who opened the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture?
How many drawings are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
What has been transferred to the museum?
How many photographs are in the RIBA Drawings and Archives Collection?
Who has the largest collection of RIBA drawings in the world?
The RIBA's holdings of over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world?
How many drawings are in the RIBA's collection?
Who is a notable British architect whose drawings are in the RIBA's collection?
The RIBA's holdings of over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world?
Where is Sir Paul Pindar's house dated from?
The leaded windows are a rare survivor of what event?
When was Sir Paul Pindar's house built?
The dormer window dated 1523-35 is from what chateau?
The main architecture gallery contains a column from which city?
How many items from the Islamic world are displayed at the V&A?
When did the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art open?
What is the centerpiece of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?
Where is the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art located?
When did the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art open?
How many objects are in the Jawaharlal Nehru Gallery?
How many textiles are in the Jawaharlal Nehru Gallery?
How many paintings are in the Jawaharlal Nehru Gallery?
When did the Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art open?
Who opened a gallery of Indian art in 1991?
How many pieces of art are in the T. T. Tsui Gallery?
The T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art is located in what countries?
What is the name of the gallery that displays a collection of Chinese art?
When did the T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art open?
The majority of art on display date from what dynasties?
What gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986?
When did the Toshiba gallery of Japanese art open?
In what century was Amida Nyorai's sculpture created?
The majority of the exhibits at the Toshiba gallery date from what years?
What type of incense burner is in the Toshiba gallery?
When was Tibetan art displayed?
Along with Thailand, Burma, Cambodia and Indonesia, what country has displayed art in gold, silver, bronze, stone, terracotta, and ivory?
What type of art is displayed at the Kathmandu Museum?
What are the boxes inlaid with?
Along with gold, silver, bronze, stone, terracotta and betelnut, what piece of art represents the rich and complex cultures of Kathmandu?
The Codex Forster contains some of who's note books?
What are the three parchment-bound manuscripts in the Codex Forster?
How many books are in the Codex Forster?
When did Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III leave to the museum?
When did John Forster donate the Codex Forster?
Along with Beatrix Potter and William Morris, who is a notable writer whose papers are in the library?
Along with Charles Dickens and William Morris, who is a notable writer whose papers are in the library?
When are the Illuminated manuscripts in the library dating?
What is the Armagnac manuscript?
Who illuminated the 1524 Charter?
What is another name for the National Art Library?
What computer system was used from the 1980s to the 1990s?
What does EAD stand for?
Most of the items in the Victoria and Albert Museum collection are what?
What is the name of the feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum's web-site?
When did the Factory Project begin?
What was the name of the large scale digitization project in 2007?
Who was the Factory Project to reference?
How many images were taken during the first year of the Factory Project?
What was the second step of the Factory Project?
Who commissioned the European artists' work?
From what country does the British art come from?
Who is one of the designers and artists whose work is on display in the galleries?
Who was a major influence on the Gothic Revival?
What are some imports from Asia?
What led to the production of tea paraphernalia in the Tudor period?
In the Georgian age, what was a major factor in the increase in tea drinking?
Who was responsible for the increasing backlash against industrialization?
What caused the rise of the Industrial Revolution?
What movement was influenced by the spread of printed books and the work of European artists?
The Cast Courts are dominated by a full-scale replica of what?
How is the replica of Trajan's Column made?
The Cast Courts contains a full-size replica of what Michelangelo sculpture?
The Cast Courts in the sculpture wing contains hundreds of plaster casts of what?
Where is the Verrocchio replica displayed?
When was the Meissen Vulture created?
Who designed the Möllendorff Dinner Service?
When was the Möllendorff Dinner Service designed?
When was the Salting Bequest made?
The Salting Bequest enriched the museum's stock of what type of ceramics?
Who are some famous potters in the collection?
Where are Delftware produced?
What are the largest objects in the collection?
When were the stoves in the collection made?
Where were the stoves made?
How many years of glassmaking does the British Galleries have?
How many items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia are in the collection?
Where does the earliest glassware come from?
Who is a notable example of the Art Nouveau style?
Who created Art Nouveau glass?
When was the main gallery redesigned?
Who designed the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine?
When did the gallery covering contemporary glass open?
Who is the chandelier in the British Galleries?
In what century was the Luck of Edenhall made?
How many British artists are in the collection?
How many old master works are in the collection?
Who is responsible for the paintings in the collection?
Which famous artist is represented in the collection?
Who is the name of the artist in the collection?
How many costumes are in the Talbot Hughes costume collection?
Who holds the costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper?
Why is the costume collection dominated by fashionable clothing?
When did the V&A receive the Talbot Hughes collection?
Who gave the Talbot Hughes collection to the V&A?
When did the Museum acquire the Costiff collection?
Who is the Costiff collection named after?
How many Vivienne Westwood costumes were acquired in 2002?
What collection did the Museum acquire in 2002?
What type of fashion is the Costiff collection?
What type of objects were acquired between 1859 and 1865?
When was the Soulages collection acquired?
What was left to the museum in 1882?
When was the John Jones Collection left to the museum?
How much was the John Jones Collection valued at in 1882?
When were the inlaid doors in the French Cabinet dated?
Who is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet attributed to?
When was the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated?
Where is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated c1750 from?
Who designed the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet?
How many items are in the museum's jewellery collection?
The museum's jewellery collection dates from what era?
When was the museum's jewellery collection acquired?
How many gems are in the museum?
Who funded the new jewellery gallery?
The main iron work gallery is divided into what two areas?
When was the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark dated?
How many years is the earliest known piece of English silver in the collection?
Who designed the Hereford Screen?
How many objects are in the Hereford Screen?
When was the Gloucester Candlestick dated to?
What was the Gloucester Candlestick made from?
The Becket Casket dated c1180 is believed to contain relics of who?
When was the Becket Casket dated?
What was the Becket Casket made from?
How many names were on the petition to reopen the Horniman Museum?
Who asked Parliament about the future of the collection?
What institution was possible candidates for loans of material to ensure that the instruments remained publicly viewable?
How many instruments did the Horniman Museum loan?
When did the Musical Instruments gallery close?
How many British oil paintings are in the museum?
How many European oil paintings are in the museum?
How many British watercolours are in the museum?
The Raphael Cartoons are on loan from whom?
Who painted the Spanish tempera?
When did John Sheepshanks donate 233 paintings?
How many paintings did John Sheepshanks donate in 1857?
What did John Sheepshanks want to do with the paintings he donated?
The 1821 full size oil sketch was for what museum?
What nationality were the artists that were donated to the museum?
Where are the paintings and miniatures displayed?
Who was the portrait of François Boucher in 1758?
What was the name of the French painting that was part of the Jones bequest?
Which portrait was displayed in the galleries of continental art 1600-1800?
Who painted the photographs of Animal Locomotion?
When did Eadweard Muybridge photograph Animal Locomotion?
How many plates are in Eadweard Muybridge's Animal Locomotion?
What do the photographs taken a fraction of a second apart capture?
Whose society portraits are housed in the Museum of London?
The V&A's sculpture collection is the most comprehensive holding of what type of sculpture in the world?
How many objects are in the V&A's collection?
During what period are the 22,000 objects in the V&A collection?
How many uses are represented in the V&A's sculpture collection?
Who owns Canova's The Three Graces?
What is the name of the Italian sculptors in the Chancel Chapel?
What is the largest item from Italy?
Who designed the Chancel Chapel?
When was the Chancel Chapel built?
How many works are in the museum collection?
What is the largest collection of Rodin's work outside of France?
When was the statue of St John the Baptist given to the museum?
What war did Britain support France?
What statue was purchased in 1902 by public subscription?
Along with Nicholas Stone and Alfred Stevens, who is a notable British sculptor who was based in Britain?
Along with Alfred Gilbert and George Frampton, who is a notable British sculptor?
Along with John Gibson, Edward Hodges Baily, Lord Leighton, Alfred Stevens, Thomas Brock, Alfred Gilbert, George Frampton, and Eric Gill, who is a notable British sculptor?
Sculptors both British and what other nationality are in the British Galleries?
Who opened the sculpture galleries in 2006?
Until what year was the chronology of the works on display at the Tate Britain?
How are the galleries overlooking the garden arranged?
Who are some of the works that are now on view at Tate Britain?
Which museum has loaned the works of Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein up to 1950?
How many examples are in the collection of textiles?
What continents are represented in the collection of textiles?
What is the oldest collection of textiles in the world?
Where is the largest collection of textiles in the world?
How is the collection of textiles classified?
What is the oldest known European tapestry?
In what century were the Devonshire Hunting Tapestries made?
Where are the four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries woven?
What do the four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries depict?
Where are the tapestries in the collection from?
When was the Sicilian Tristan Quilt created?
Who designed the late 14th century Sicilian Tristan Quilt?
When was 'The Forest' tapestry created?
Who designed the late 14th century Sicilian Tristan Quilt?
Who designed the late 14th century Sicilian Tristan Quilt?
What was the former name of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries?
When did the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries open?
The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries hold the UK's biggest national collection of what?
The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries hold the UK's biggest national collection of material about live performance in the UK since what famous play?
What are the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries available for?
What is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections?
What two things do conservators control the museum environment?
What type of conservation is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections?
Along with the V&A, what museum does conservation cover?
What type of conservation is covered by conservators?
What is the Disney-ABC Television Group a subsidiary of?
When was the American Broadcasting Company abbreviated as abc?
Where is the American Broadcasting Company headquartered?
Where is the American Broadcasting Company headquartered?
What division of The Walt Disney Company is ABC a subsidiary of?
When was ABC originally launched?
What was ABC originally known as?
When did ABC extend its operations to television?
What cable sports network did ABC purchase in the 1980s?
Who did ABC merge with in the 1980s?
How many affiliated television stations does ABC have?
Who purchased ABC Radio in 2007?
How many owned-and-operated television stations does ABC have?
Who imposed substitution regulations on ABC programs?
Who purchased ABC Radio in 2007?
What was the last company that owned two radio networks?
What were the two radio networks that each ran different varieties of programming?
What did NBC Red serve?
What did the NBC Blue Network test?
What was the name of the NBC Blue Network?
Who filed a complaint with the FCC in 1934?
When did the FCC begin a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks?
When did the FCC publish its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs?
What was the principal radio network in the United States in 1934?
What network did RCA give up control of in 1940?
Who did RCA give the mandate to sell NBC Blue?
What network did RCA convert into an independent subsidiary?
Who bought NBC Blue in 1941?
Who was the president of RCA in 1941?
How much did RCA offer to purchase NBC Blue?
What company did Edward John Noble own?
When did the FCC authorize the purchase of the American Broadcasting System?
Who bought the rights to the American Broadcasting Company?
What position did Woods hold at ABC?
When did Noble leave ABC?
What did ABC use to pre-record its programming?
Who conducted symphony performances for ABC?
What network became an aggressive competitor to NBC and CBS?
Who was an important figure for ABC during this time?
What was NBC Blue's tradition?
How much did Disney sell its 33% stake in Eurosport in June of 2000?
What was the name of the free-to-air channel in the United Kingdom owned by the ABC Group?
On what date did Disney discontinue ABC1?
What was the name of the company that attempted to develop the ABC network?
Where is ABC broadcast?
In what year was the rerun activity completed with program syndication?
What ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries?
What countries did ABC sell most of its interests in in the 1970s?
What did many governments want to strengthen?
What was the first international activity that ABC broadcast?
Where did Goldenson invest in broadcasting properties in the mid-1960s?
What was the name of the first domestic network that ABC attempted to internationalize?
Along with technical problems, what was one of the issues that prevented ABC from broadcasting the coronation?
What was one of the issues that prevented ABC from broadcasting the coronation?
In addition to the Academy Awards and CMA Music Festival, what Peanuts show has ABC owned the television rights to?
Along with the Academy Awards, what award does ABC hold the broadcast rights to?
When was A Charlie Brown Christmas created?
What awards does ABC hold the broadcast rights to?
Along with A Charlie Brown Christmas, what Peanuts special is broadcast annually by ABC?
When was Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve broadcast?
Who was Dick Clark's successor?
In what year did ABC first air the Miss America pageant?
Where was Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve broadcast?
Who assumed the television rights to the Miss America pageant in 2006?
What is the longest-running soap opera on ABC?
When was Good Morning America first broadcast?
What is the longest-running soap opera in the history of the ABC network?
What two talk shows are on ABC's daytime schedule?
When did General Hospital first appear on ABC?
What is an example of a weekend event not broadcast by ESPN?
In what year did ESPN take over for ABC's sports division?
What is the time span of the weekend afternoons on ABC?
What sports network does ABC air on Sundays?
What two events are featured on ABC's weekend afternoons?
Who was ABC's vice-president of engineering in 1947?
What did Marx think the low-band VHF frequencies would be compared to?
In what year did ABC submit five applications for television station licenses?
What channel did ABC want the stations to broadcast on?
How many existing television stations did ABC have before the freeze ended in 1952?
How many competing networks did ABC have in 1949?
What was ABC's third rival at the time?
Which two networks did ABC have less coverage than in 1949?
Who forced United Paramount Theatres to become an independent entity?
What company did United Paramount Theatres separate from in 1951?
How many full-time affiliates did ABC have at the end of 1949?
Who did the U.S. Supreme Court sell ABC to in 1951?
Who loaned ABC to prevent it from going bankrupt?
Who was the president of UPT in 1951?
Who was the founder of CBS?
When was the tentative agreement between UPT and Noble approved?
When did the FCC end its freeze on new station license applications?
When did the FCC approve the purchase of ABC?
What was the merged company called?
Where was the merged company headquartered?
When did WJZ-TV sign on the air?
When did WJZ-TV sign on the air?
Where did ABC's flagship owned-and-operated station open on August 10, 1948?
What was the name of the network's flagship owned-and-operated station?
When did ABC premiere The Flintstones?
In what decade did ABC begin transitioning to color?
Who starred in The Flintstones?
In what decade did ABC begin transitioning to color?
In what year did Walt Disney Productions purchase ABC's shares in the Disneyland theme park?
Who was Walt Disney approached to produce color broadcasts of his anthology series?
In what year was Walt Disney Presents due to expire?
When did ABC resume its relationship with Disney?
What did ABC's web-based promotional campaign focus around?
Who did ABC hire to design and produce its 2001-02 identity?
What color coloring did ABC use in its 2001-02 logo?
What was the circle logo also known as?
Who designed ABC's minimalist graphical identity?
When did ABC stop using its four-note theme tune?
What was the new four-note theme tune based on?
What network uses the old four-note theme tune?
When did the ABC logo first appear as a on-screen bug?
When did the ABC logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background?
When did the ABC logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background?
What was the slogan of the ABC logo in a script font?
In what year was the ABC Circle logo first used?
On what did the ABC Circle logo have a bubble on?
What type of letters did the ABC Circle logo have?
Who redesigned the ABC logo in 1962?
What type of typeface is the ABC logo reminiscent of?
Who designed the Bauhaus typeface?
When did the ABC logo first appear on-air?
What was the name of the company that Disney-ABC was considering a sale?
On what date did ABC announce the restructuring of the group into six divisions?
How many divisions was ABC Radio split into?
In what year did ABC's average viewership decline by ten ratings points?
Along with Desperate Housewives, Lost, and Dancing with the Stars, what show did ABC air in 2004?
Who was the president of the Disney Media Networks division in 2004?
What sport did ABC and ESPN sign an eight-year broadcast rights agreement with?
In what year was the two-year affiliate agreement approved?
Who was the chairman of Disney in 2002?
What was the name of ABC's first hit reality show?
What was the name of the ABC spinoff that premiered in 2002?
Who removed ABC owned-and-operated stations from the cable provider's systems?
What network did ABC have a carriage dispute with on April 30, 2000?
What network did ABC have a carriage dispute with on April 30, 2000?
When did Time Warner Cable remove ABC owned-and-operated stations from their systems?
In what decade did ABC enter the ratings war?
Where did TGIF move in September 2000?
What network lost Step by Step in the 2000s?
When did ABC air Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who was the host of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
Who relaunched Millionaire as a syndicated program?
Who was the original host of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
When did the Walt Disney Company announce its merger with Capital Cities/ABC?
What was the new name of Disney's new subsidiary after the merger?
Who did the Walt Disney Company buy out of Capital Cities/ABC?
Who was the president and CEO of ABC at the time of the merger?
What was the name of the ABC network that was created by Aaron Sorkin?
When did color become the dominant format for the three broadcast television networks?
What was ABC's ranking in the 1965-66 season?
What book did Goldenson write about ABC in 1964?
When did ABC's New York City flagship stations change their callsigns?
Where did ABC's New York City stations move their operations to?
Where did ABC's New York City flagship stations change their calls to in 1959?
Who was the president of ABC in 1950?
What network did Goldenson propose a merger with?
What was the name of the merger between ABC and UPT?
How much did the merger cost ABC?
What studio was UPT a subsidiary of?
What was the name of the first ABC show based on radio?
Along with The Lone Ranger, what was the longest-running prime time comedy in the U.S.?
What film wasadapted from the 1947 film Wyoming Kid?
What film was a remake of the 1954 film The Boy from Oklahoma?
Who did ABC sign an agreement with to adapt some of its most successful films?
What was the name of ABC's wheel series?
Who was Walt Disney's brother?
How much did Walt want ABC to invest in the Disneyland project?
When did ABC agree to finance Disneyland?
What project did Walt Disney and Roy agree to finance in 1953?
Who spearheaded the special programming project for the FM stations?
Who was the president of ABC Radio in 1968?
What was the name of the new format that was launched on ABC's seven owned-and-operated FM stations?
How many owned-and-operated FM stations did ABC launch in 1968?
When did ABC launch the Movie of the Week?
What was Spielberg's 1971 film called?
In what year was Spielberg's film Duel released?
What was the average budget for a movie produced by the Movie of the Week?
When did ABC transition to color?
Which network transitioned to color in the early 1970s?
What did ABC use to better determine what types of sponsors to sell advertising slots to?
What AFL game did ABC introduce in 1970?
In what year did Sunday Night Football cease to be the AFL's premier game?
What network did MNF move to in 2006?
What was the audience share of Monday Night Football?
When was the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules passed?
When was the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules passed?
What was the name of the company that would produce and distribute programming for U.S. syndication?
What did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act ban?
When did the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act take effect?
Who bought ABC Great States in 1974?
Who was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC in 1972?
When did Eisner join ABC?
What was the name of Eisner's show that originated on the anthology series Love, American Style?
What was Eisner's main credit at ABC?
What studio did Eisner work for in 1976?
Who was the president of ABC Television in 1975?
Who was the first president and director of programming of ABC Entertainment?
What was the name of the detective series that ABC premiered in 1974?
When did Good Morning America debut?
What was Silverman's position at NBC?
What was the name of the spin-off series that debuted in 1976?
What was the name of the trend that featured attractive, buxom women in main and guest roles?
Whose novel was Roots based on?
Who produced The Love Boat?
How long did Roots last?
When was the first time that the network had a first place in the ratings?
What was the first soap opera to feature openly gay characters?
Who was the president of ABC News in 1977?
What was Arledge president of in 1977?
What was the name of the new ABC News facility built in New York City?
When was the new ABC News building completed?
When was 20/20 created?
Who was the anchor of 20/20 in 1979?
Along with Hugh Downs, who was a former Today colleague?
Who bought ABC's recording division in 1979?
What was the name of the 24-hour news channel that ABC proposed?
What did ABC launch in July 2004?
What was the name of the Flint, Michigan station that ABC purchased in 1994?
Along with WJRT-TV, what station did ABC buy in Toledo in 1994?
Who halted production of network programs for much of the 2007-08 season?
What game show premiered in 2007?
What company did the Writers Guild of America strike stop production of?
What company did Disney-ABC Television Group merge in 2009?
What was the new division of ABC Studios called?
What was ABC Radio previously known as?
Where were individual episodes of ABC and Disney Channel available for purchase?
When did the network start running into some trouble in the ratings?
In what year did the sixth and final season of Lost debut?
Where was Ugly Betty moved to at the start of its fourth season?
Where did the network move Ugly Betty to in 2009?
When did the FCC impose its fin-syn rules?
What company did ABC create as a syndication distributor?
What was the name of the production company that ABC created in 1970?
What company did ABC sell portions of its catalog to in 1990?
Who handles domestic television distribution?
What was Disney-ABC Domestic Television formerly known as?
What was Disney-ABC International Television formerly known as?
What library is a part of ABC's library?
What are the first two stations to carry ABC's programming?
How many owned-and-operated stations does ABC have?
How many additional television stations does ABC have?
What is the estimated national reach of ABC?
When was the first ABC logo introduced?
What was the ABC logo based on?
When was the ABC logo introduced?
When was Supernanny cancelled?
What was the only remaining program on the network's schedule that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition?
All of the network's programming has been presented in what format since January 2012?
What was the first children's program block on the network to broadcast in HD?
What is the native resolution format for ABC's master feed?
Most of Hearst Television's 16 ABC-affiliated stations transmit the network's programming in what format?
How many affiliates owned by various companies carry the network feed in 480i standard definition?
What is the native resolution format for ABC's master feed?
Which midseason forensic investigation drama was the only one that was renewed for a second season?
What was the only late-season episode to earn a second season?
What network did ABC outpace in the 2010-11 ratings?
What was ABC's only drama renewal in 2010?
What two soap operas were canceled on April 14, 2011?
Who bought the rights to All My Children and One Life to Live?
Where did Prospect Park revive the soap operas All My Children and One Life to Live?
What was the name of the talk/lifestyle show that replaced One Life to Live?
What demographic did ABC drop to after the 2011-12 season?
In what year did NBC finish in first place in the 18-49 demographic?
Along with NBC, what network did ABC fall behind in total viewership in 2013-14?
Along with The Goldbergs and Resurrection, what show was renewed for a second season in 2013-14?
Along with Suburgatory, what show languished in its new Friday time slot despite being bookended by Last Man Standing?
What are the names of the two family sitcoms that anchored ABC's Wednesday comedy lineup?
What reality format was Shark Tank based on?
Where did Shark Tank air in the spring of 2010?
Who starred in Last Man Standing?
Who departed from Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994?
Who took over as president of the network in 1994?
What was the name of the police procedural created by Steven Bochco?
Who created Doogie Howser and Cop Rock?
How long did the series last?
When did the FCC repeal the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules?
What French animation studio did ABC purchase in 1993?
Who did ABC sign an agreement with to carry its owned-and-operated television stations on the provider's systems?
What was ABC's viewership share in 1993?
What radio station did ABC purchase in 1960?
When did ABC launch a new lineup of ABC Radio programming?
Who was trying to establish a television station in Toronto?
What station did ABC acquire a 25% interest in in 1960?
What was the name of the anthology series created by Edgar Scherick and produced by Roone Arledge?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
Who produced Wide World of Sports?
Who created Wide World of Sports?
What was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres renamed to in 1965?
What was a pioneer series in its genre?
What was the name of the first ABC show that featured three recently married couples?
Where was the new headquarters for ABC located?
By 1980, what percentage of all prime-time television viewership was ABC?
What was an opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a hit?
What was the name of the ABC spinoff that debuted in 1981?
What did ABC launch in 1981?
Who bought KXYZ in 1983?
What company owned the majority of ABC's shares in ESPN?
What was the name of the competing arts service that ABC bought in 1984?
What was the name of the cable channel that ABC bought in 1984?
Who did Thomas S. Murphy delegate his position as president to?
What was Thomas S. Murphy's position at ABC?
What was the revenues of Capital Cities/ABC in 1990?
Along with Step by Step, Hangin' with Mr. Cooper, Boy Meets World and Perfect Strangers, what was the longest-running prime time entertainment program on ABC?
What was the name of the comedy series that aired on ABC in 1990?
Along with The View and The Chew, what soap opera is featured on ABC?
Which two talk/lifestyle shows are featured on ABC News weekdays?
When does Good Morning America air?
What is the name of the weeknight talk show on ABC?
What are the only U.S. states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate?
What is the name of the low-power station in Birmingham, Alabama?
What is the only U.S. state where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate?
What is the only U.S. state that ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate?
Who produced ABC's national programming in 1962?
What was Touchstone Television reorganized as in February 2007?
What is the name of the main production facility in Hollywood, California?
What is the name of the studio located in New York City?
What is the name of the ABC News building located at 1500 Broadway?
Which two ABC stations are broadcast from the Times Square Studios?
The block of West End Avenue housing the ABC News building was renamed what in 2006?
What is the name of the ABC News anchor that died in 2006?
What VOD service is carried on most traditional cable and IPTV providers?
The Walt Disney Company is a part-owner of what website?
When was ABC on Demand launched?
What ownership stake did Disney acquire in Hulu?
When are most recent episodes of ABC's shows made available on WATCH ABC, Hulu, and ABC on Demand?
How many days after their initial broadcast is the most recent episode of an ABC program available on WATCH ABC, Hulu, and ABC on Demand?
What does ABC on Demand disallow?
When did Disney-ABC Television Group restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu and WATCH ABC?
Who redesigned the ABC logo?
How many variants is the ABC logo displayed on-air?
What was the name of the new version of the ABC logo?
What network uses the red version of the ABC logo?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have in 1954?
How many primary affiliates did ABC have in 1954?
What law mandated the inclusion of UHF tuning?
What did the All-Channel Receiver Act mandate the inclusion of?
Where was WKST-TV located?
How much lower was ABC's viewership than its competitors?
What station in Wheeling, West Virginia began airing ABC programming on a digital subchannel?
When was ABC relegated to secondary status on one or both of the existing stations?
What was the original name of the Disneyland anthology series?
Who pitched The Untouchables to CBS?
Why did ABC reject The Untouchables?
When did ABC debut The Untouchables?
What was the name of the film that debuted a year behind its competitors?
What was ABC's total revenue in 1962?
What was the name of the studio that produced The Jetsons?
What was the first television series to be broadcast in color on ABC?
When did ABC begin broadcasting films on Sunday nights?
Who did Goldenson announce a merger proposal with?
Who was the head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice?
Who did Donald F. Turner work for?
When did the merger end?
What company did Thomas S. Murphy work for in 1984?
How much did Capital Cities pay for ABC?
Who loaned the remaining $500 million to Capital Cities?
Who did Capital Cities buy WXYZ from?
What was the maximum number of television stations that ABC could own?
When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities receive federal approval?
What was the merged company called after the merger?
What position did Frederick S. Pierce hold after the merger?
Who became vice president of ABC Broadcasting after the merger?
Who became president of ABC after the merger?
Which show ended its run in 1983?
Along with Happy Days and The Love Boat, what series ended in 1984?
Who regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984?
Which show ended its run in 1986?
What type of shows did ABC focus on in the mid-1980s?
What was the name of the block that debuted in 1989?
What did the "TGIF" block stand for?
Who produced many of the shows featured on the TGIF block?
Miller-Boyett Productions was produced by what company?
How many radio stations did ABC buy in Houston?
What film did Ralph Nelson direct?
Who directed Charly?
In what year was ABC Pictures dissolved?
Where was ABC Marine World located?
What type of programming did the ABC network have that met the expectations of the public?
What was the increase in advertising revenues between 1953 and 1958?
What was the national reach of ABC?
Who was the president of ABC in 1957?
Who was the host of American Bandstand?
What was ABC's philosophy against its competitors?
What was the name of the actioner that ABC aired in 1957?
Which network criticized the public enthusiasm and sponsorship for these types of shows?
What type of shows did ABC defeat in 1959?
What did ABC launch in May 2013?
Which two stations were the first to offer live streams of ABC stations?
Who is the name of the network that launched "WATCH ABC"?
What is the sister network to ESPN?
Who is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total?
What is the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size?
Who is the largest operator of ABC stations?
How many ABC affiliates does the Sinclair Broadcast Group own or provide services to?
How many ABC stations does the E. W. Scripps Company own?
What was the name of ABC's imaging campaign for the 2007-08 season?
Who developed the new imaging campaign for the upcoming 2007-08 season?
What did ABC use red ribbons to represent?
What network did ABC use the blue ribbons for in 2007?
Which affiliates serve the same market in Tampa, Florida?
What two stations are in Kansas City, Missouri?
Which two affiliates serve the same market in Grand Rapids, Michigan?
Who is Tampa's primary ABC affiliate?
What was the name of the empire that Nasser founded?
Who did Nasser uniting?
Where were the civilian populations massacred?
What did the Mongol Empire occupy by the end of his life?
What dynasties were invaded by the Mongol Empire?
Who did Genghis Khan assign as his successor?
When did Genghis Khan die?
Who did Genghis Khan defeat?
Who did Genghis Khan split his empire into khanates?
Where was Genghis Khan buried?
Where was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin's father?
When was Temüjin born?
Who was Temüjin named after?
What was the name of Temüjin's sister?
Which three brothers did Temüjin have?
Who was Temüjin's future wife?
What tribe was Börte a member of?
Who was the head of the new household?
Who was Temujin's older half-brother?
Who was Temujin's mother?
Who killed Begter?
When did Temujin's resentment erupt?
Who held Temüjin captive?
How did the Tayichi'ud enslave Temüjin?
Who was the father of Temüjin?
What two Genghis Khan's future generals joined forces with Temüjin?
Where was Temüjin able to escape from the ger?
What was used to solidify temporary alliances?
Who taught Temüjin about the unstable political climate of Mongolia?
Who did Temüjin experience interference from?
What did Hoelun teach Temüjin about the political climate of Mongolia?
What tribe did Börte belong to?
Who kidnapped Börte?
Who helped to rescue Börte?
What was the name of the son that Börte gave birth to?
When was Jochi born?
How many more sons did Börte have?
What was the name of Börte's third son?
When did Chagatai die?
What was the name of Börte's third son?
How many daughters were known to have been born to Genghis Khan?
Who was Toghrul?
Who was Khan of the Keraites?
Toghrul was Khan of what tribe?
How many Keraite warriors did Toghrul offer to his father?
Who was Toghrul's childhood friend?
Who did Jamukha support?
Who made the proclamation that the Eternal Blue Sky had set aside the world for Temüjin?
When was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?
What battle did Jamukha lose to Temüjin?
Where was Toghrul exiled?
What code did Temüjin use as an incentive for absolute obedience?
What did Temüjin promise civilians and soldiers?
What did Temüjin's mother adopt?
What did Temüjin take the conquered tribe under?
Who was the eldest son of Temüjin?
Who did Toghrul ally with?
Who did Toghrul ally with?
Toghrul's refusal to give his daughter in marriage to Jochi led to the dissolution of what tribe?
Who was the next direct threat to Temüjin?
In what year did a khuruldai elect Jamukha as Gür Khan?
What was the title used by the rulers of the Qara Khitai?
Who was Jelme's younger brother?
When did the Naimans turn over to Temüjin?
What did Temüjin offer to Jamukha?
Why did Temüjin kill the men who betrayed Jamukha?
What did Jamukha ask for?
How is it granted to die without spilling blood?
Who did Genghis Khan learn siege warfare from?
Who wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes?
Who was the loyal brother of Genghis Khan?
What did Genghis Khan use as an example of a spy network?
Who was Genghis Khan's father's ally?
When did Temüjin unite the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraites, Tatars, Uyghurs, and other smaller tribes under his rule?
What was the name of the council of Mongol chiefs that recognized Temüjin?
What was the title given to the Genghis Khan?
Who was the son of Genghis Khan?
What was the Khuruldai?
What dynasty did Genghis Khan plan to conquer in 1211?
Who did the Jin commander send to the Mongol side?
When did Genghis Khan attack Zhongdu?
Where did Genghis Khan move his capital?
Who was the third son of Genghis Khan?
Who was the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation?
The Western Liao was originally established as remnants of what dynasty?
How many soldiers did Kuchlug have?
Who was the younger general of Kuchlug?
What was Jebe known as?
What did the invading Mongols resort to?
Where was Kuchlug's army defeated?
Where did the Mongol Empire extend as far west as?
What is another name for Khwarezmia?
What was the Khwarezmia?
Who ruled the Khwarazmian dynasty in the early 13th century?
Who was the governor of Otrar?
Who was the leader of the Khwarezmian dynasty?
How many soldiers did Genghis Khan send to Khwarezmia?
What road did Genghis Khan use to trade with Khwarezmia?
What mountains did Genghis Khan and his sons cross?
How many groups was Genghis Khan's army divided into?
Where did the second division of the Mongol army march to?
Who led the third division under Genghis Khan?
Where did the first division of the Mongol army attack?
What was decisive in Khwarezmia's defeats?
What town did the Mongol army seize?
How did the Shah divide his army into small groups?
How did the Shah respond to the division of his army?
Who did Genghis Khan order to hunt down Inalchuq?
What was the capital of the Khwarezmid Empire?
Where was the capital moved after Samarkand fell?
What did Genghis Khan divert through the Khwarezmid emperor's birthplace?
What did the Mongols use as body shields?
What did the Genghis do after the fortress fell?
What was raised as a symbol of victory?
What did the city leaders do to the Mongols?
Who held the city's citadel for another twelve days?
Who were sent back to Mongolia?
What did Genghis Khan declare he was?
Who were drafted into the Mongolian army?
When was the Khwarezmian Empire defeated?
Who suggested that the Mongol army be split into two forces?
Where did the Mongols overwintered?
At what river was the Battle of Kievan Rus?
Who led the Kievan Rus' troops?
Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan?
What group did Genghis Khan's grandson Batu lead?
Who led the famous cavalry expedition to the Caspian Sea?
When did Subutai and Jebe return to Mongolia?
Where did Jebe die?
In what year did Genghis Khan attack the Tanguts?
When did Genghis Khan take Xiliang-fu?
Who did one of the Tangut generals challenge to a battle near Helan Mountains?
Where did Genghis Khan cross?
What did Genghis Khan see when he attacked the Tanguts?
Which Tangut capital was destroyed by Genghis Khan's army?
What Tangut general was killed at Deshun?
What did Ma Jianlong die from?
Where did Genghis Khan go after conquering Deshun?
Genghis Khan ordered the entire imperial family to be what?
Who was the oldest son of Genghis Khan?
Who voiced the issue of Jochi's paternity in The Secret History of the Mongols?
The Secret History of the Mongols was written just before what event?
Who was appointed as successor to Genghis Khan?
Who did Genghis Khan worry about conflict between?
Who was considered unstable by Genghis Khan?
Who was Genghis Khan's youngest son?
Who did Genghis Khan give the throne to?
When did Jochi die?
Where did Jochi stay after his father's death?
What city did Jochi and his brothers siege?
Who did Jochi ally with?
Why did Genghis Khan order his son to be secretly poisoned?
Where was the capital of Western Xia?
Genghis Khan's wounds were sustained in what type of battle?
What was the cause of Genghis Khan's death?
What was Yinchuan the capital of?
Who was Genghis Khan's rival?
How was Genghis Khan buried?
Where was Genghis Khan buried?
Where is the Genghis Khan Mausoleum located?
What is the name of the place where Genghis Khan was buried?
What is the Mongolian name for the mausoleum at the Lord's Enclosure?
Where was the mausoleum located?
Where was the mausoleum located?
In what year did the mausoleum at the Lord's Enclosure fall under Communist control?
Who destroyed the mausoleum in the Cultural Revolution?
When did a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncover Genghis Khan's palace?
What was diverted over Genghis Khan's grave to make it impossible to find?
Who was the same manner of burial as Genghis Khan?
Who stamped over Genghis Khan's grave?
Who created the Yassa?
What military code was created by Genghis Khan?
What was the Mongol Empire's approach grounded in?
Who was the exception to the rule of meritocracy?
Who was the leader of the Yassa?
What did the Mongol Empire provide for religious figures and teachers?
Who was the mentor of Genghis Khan?
What did the Mongol Empire believe religion was?
What were some Mongol tribes?
Who was briefly in charge of the Mongol Empire?
What did Genghis Khan try to create a civil state under the Great Yassa?
What sedentary people did Genghis Khan try to create a civil state?
What did the Great Yassa establish?
Who was a Khitan prince who worked for the Jin?
Why did Genghis Khan think that the Mongol people could not be found among his Mongol people?
Who did Chu'Tsai work for?
Who was Chu'Tsai a lineal descendant of?
Who did Genghis Khan put absolute trust in?
What was the capital of the Mongol Empire?
Who was a trusted lieutenant of Genghis Khan?
Who was allowed to pursue the Great Raid into the Caucasus and Kievan Rus?
What did Genghis Khan expect from his generals?
What did the Mongol military use to divert resources for cities and towns?
Who did the Mongol military employ to aid the Mongol cavalry in capturing cities?
What was a common tactic of the Mongol military to break enemy formations?
What did the Mongol military do with enemy prisoners?
The Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to what Sea?
What body of water did the Mongol Empire stretch from?
Who was the successor to Genghis Khan?
When did the war end?
What did Genghis Khan bring under one cohesive political environment?
In what country is Genghis Khan considered a great military leader?
How did Genghis Khan view religions?
What did the Silk Road allow for?
In what decade did the memory of Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity have a powerful revival?
What did Genghis Khan play a role in?
Genghis Khan became one of the central figures of the national identity?
What is a chasm in the perception of Genghis Khan?
What do Mongolians feel about the historical records written by non-Mongolians?
What is the largest denomination of Mongolian currency?
What is the name of the leader of Mongolia?
What is Mongolia's main international airport called?
Why are Genghis Khan's name and image used on products?
Where is Mongolia's main international airport?
What was the first written Mongolian law?
What did the Ikh Zasag law punish?
Who was the president of Mongolia during Genghis Khan's time?
What did Genghis Khan introduce to Mongolia?
Where is the monument and buildings about Genghis Khan located?
What is the population of the Inner Mongolia region?
Who was the grandson of Genghis Khan?
What dynasty did Kublai Khan establish?
Who was Kublai Khan?
In what country is Genghis Khan almost universally condemned as a destructive and genocidal warlord?
How much of the Iranian Plateau was killed by Mongol violence and depredations?
How many people were killed by the Mongol violence and depredations?
Who destroyed much of Iran's northern part?
Who halted Hulagu Khan's forces?
Who was Hulagu Khan's descendant?
When did Batu Khan launch an invasion into Kievan Rus?
What cities were destroyed by the Mongols?
Who were proud descendants of Genghis Khan and Timur?
Along with Genghis Khan and Timur, what notable Mughal ruler was a notable descendant of Genghi Khan?
Along with Bukhara, Attar of Nishapur and many other notable Muslims, what notable Mughal ruler was a notable Muslim?
What is the Mongolian and Turkic word for "ocean" or "wide-spreading"?
What lake was called tenggis by the Mongols?
What does Zhèng mean?
What is the Mongolian and Turkic word for "right", "just", or "true"?
What did the Mongolian pronunciation closely match?
In what Mongolian language is the title of Genghis Khan spelled?
What is the Turkic name for Çingiz Xan?
What is the pinyin for Genghis Khan?
In what languages is Temüjin spelled in English?
What is the pinyin for Cengiz Han?
Where is the word pharmacy derived from?
What did the retail shop sell?
What did the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply?
What would the term apothecary today be seen as?
What did the pharmas use?
What are pharmacists?
What do pharmacists ensure for their patients?
What do pharmacists play an important role in?
What type of business are pharmacists?
What are pharmacists?
Who manages the practice of pharmacy technicians in the UK?
What does a Pharmacy Technician have to register as a professional on?
What does the GPhC do?
What is a Pharmacy Technician in the UK?
What has the role of a PhT been passed on to them to do?
What was Pedanius Dioscorides famous for?
What Latin translation did Diocles write?
What term was coined by Diocles of Carystus during the Islamic Golden Age?
Who wrote a five volume book in Greek in the 1st century AD?
Who built the Latin translation of De Materia Medica?
What was the status of modern pharmacists?
Where was the place of pharmacists in society defined?
Where were ranked positions in Japan?
What was the status of pharmacists in Japan?
What was the rank of the two personal physicians of the Emperor?
What two fields led to the development of pharmacology?
Who was the first physician to promote the use of chemical compounds?
Who pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation and distillation?
Who pioneered the preparation of medicines by sublimation?
What did Avicenna make clear distinction between?
When did the Franciscan monastery open?
Where is the oldest pharmacy in Europe located?
The Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy now houses what?
What does the Esteve Pharmacy keep?
When was the oldest pharmacy in Europe set up?
What is a dispensary subject to in most countries?
Where was it once the case that pharmacists stayed?
What are Pharmacy technicians now more dependent on?
What are Pharmacy technicians now more dependent on automation to assist them in dealing with?
What are the requirements for a dispensary in most countries?
How do pharmacists gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
What do clinical pharmacists specialize in?
Along with safety of medications and drug interactions, what is one of the reasons that pharmacists gain more education and training?
Who gain more education and training after pharmacy school?
Where can hospital pharmacies be found?
What are most hospital medications?
What do hospital pharmacies outsource to companies who specialize in compounding?
What makes it imperative that hospital pharmacies perform at the highest level possible?
Where can hospital pharmacies be found?
What do pharmacists provide direct patient care services?
Where did the clinical pharmacy movement begin?
Who do Clinical pharmacists often collaborate with to improve pharmaceutical care?
What do Clinical pharmacists participate in?
Where do Clinical pharmacists care for patients?
What is the role of a clinical pharmacist?
What does the review process involve?
What is an example of an evaluation of the appropriateness of drug therapy?
What must the pharmacist monitor?
What are ambulatory care pharmacists given?
In what states are these pharmacist clinicians given collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority?
When did the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approve ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification?
What is the official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam?
Which U.S. federal health care systems have full independent prescribing authority?
Consultant pharmacy practice focuses more on what?
Where do consultant pharmacists typically work?
What are some large pharmacy companies in the United States?
Why do consultant pharmacists begin to work directly with patients?
What do some community pharmacies do with consultant pharmacists?
When were Internet pharmacies established worldwide?
What are many of the internet pharmacies operated by?
What are Internet pharmacies also known as?
Why do some customers prefer to go to a community drugstore?
What is the primary difference between online and community pharmacies?
Why do many internet pharmacies order drugs without requiring a prescription?
Who has the practice been criticized as potentially dangerous?
What have some Internet pharmacies been accused of?
What do some Internet pharmacies do?
What do most Internet pharmacies do?
What is a concern with Internet pharmacies?
In the United States, what must be done in order for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid?
What is a concern with Internet pharmacies?
In the United States, what must be done in order for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid?
What is the responsibility of a filling pharmacy?
What is a major concern with Internet pharmacies?
What is an example of a controlled substance that can be obtained via the internet without a prescription issued by a doctor?
Why has there been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries?
Along with the U.S. and other countries, what country has been trying to legalize importation of medications?
Who is enforcement targeted at?
Is there a known case of U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription?
What has the United States been trying to do in order to reduce consumer costs?
What is Pharmacy informatics a combination of?
Where do Pharmacy informaticists work?
What is pharmacy informatics growing quickly to meet the needs of?
What are Pharmacists trained to participate in?
How is pharmacy informatics growing?
What type of pharmacy carries novel medications that need to be properly stored?
How many of the 28 newly FDA approved medications are specialty drugs?
What are some chronic disease states that specialty pharmacies supply drugs for?
What do specialty pharmacies carry?
What do specialty pharmacies provide?
How are pharmacists regulated in most jurisdictions?
Who may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public?
What organization provides a Code of Ethics that states that physicians may dispense drugs within their office practices?
What percentage of American physicians practices dispense drugs on their own?
What are pharmacists not allowed to do?
What country has a law that requires that a GP practice be located in a designated rural area?
Where are dispensing physicians allowed to prescribe and dispense prescription-only medicines to their patients from within their practices?
What is the minimum distance between a patient's home and the nearest retail pharmacy?
How far away is the nearest pharmacy in Austria?
What is the reason for the majority rule?
Why would a physician exaggerate the seriousness of certain conditions?
What is the majority rule similar to?
What does the majority rule prevent a physician from doing?
What does the majority rule directly conflict with?
What are pharmacists expected to do in the coming decades?
What are pharmacists expected to do in the coming decades?
What does Medication Therapy Management include?
What does MTM include?
What is the result of the increased role of pharmacists in the health care system?
Where do pharmacists in Canada have limited prescribing rights?
Who does Australia receive remuneration from for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews?
What are pharmacists being paid for by the government?
What is an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy?
In Canada, pharmacists who undertake additional training are obtaining prescribing rights?
What are the two symbols most commonly associated with pharmacy in English speaking countries?
What symbol was used until the early 20th century?
Where is the Bowl of Hygieia often used?
What countries use a red stylized letter A in their logos?
Where is the green Greek cross most commonly used?
What is the immune system?
What does the immune system detect?
What is another name for the immune system?
What does the immune system separate the peripheral immune system from?
What does the immune system consist of?
What are a wide variety of agents that an immune system must detect?
What is another name for the immune system?
What does the immune system protect against?
What is the term for agents that the immune system can detect?
The immune system protects the brain from what system?
What is the name of the barrier that separates the immune system from the neuroimmune system?
What is the term for agents that the immune system can detect?
What is another name for the immune system?
What is another name for the immune system?
The immune system protects the brain from what system?
How do Pathogens evolve and adapt?
What do bacteria have a rudimentary immune system?
In what ancient organism did basic immune mechanisms evolve?
What is an example of an adaptive immune system?
What type of infection do enzymes protect against?
What are antimicrobial peptides called?
What is the basis of acquired immunity?
What is the name of the defense mechanism that protects against pathogens?
Disorders of the immune system can result in what?
When does immunodeficiency occur?
What can an immune system less active than normal result in?
What can immunodeficiency be the result of?
Along with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and diabetes mellitus type 1, what is an example of an autoimmune disease?
What occurs when the immune system is less active than normal?
What results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms?
What field of study studies the immune system?
What is an example of an acquired condition?
When was the earliest known reference to immunity?
What type of venom did Maupertuis use to study the immune system?
Who discovered the first known reference to immunity?
Who discovered the yellow fever virus?
Who was the first known scientist to use the term immunology?
What is the cause of infectious disease?
What is the earliest known reference to immunity?
When was the first known reference to immunity?
What does the immune system use to prevent pathogens from entering the organism?
What provides an immediate, but non-specific response to a pathogen?
What is the second layer of protection that vertebrates possess?
What is found in all plants and animals?
What is the second layer of protection that vertebrates possess?
What does the immune system use to prevent pathogens from entering the organism?
What prevent pathogens such as bacteria and viruses from entering the organism?
What types of molecules do the immune system distinguish?
The immune system is able to distinguish between self and what?
In immunology, self molecules are the components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances by the immune system?
What are non-self molecules called?
What do antigens bind to?
What recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of microorganisms?
Microorganisms or toxins that successfully enter an organism encounter the cells and mechanisms of what?
Pattern recognition receptors recognize components that are conserved among broad groups of what?
What are Innate immune defenses?
The waxy cuticle and membranes of externally deposited eggs are examples of what?
What is the first line of defense against infection?
What is the first line of defense against infection?
What is the first line of defense against infection?
What is the first line of defense against infection?
What are antimicrobial peptides?
Whatymes are used in saliva, tears, and breast milk?
What does semen contain to kill pathogens?
In the stomach, what are powerful chemical defenses against ingested pathogens?
 Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following what?
What serves as biological barriers by competing with pathogenic bacteria?
Most antibiotics do not affect what bacteria?
What bacteria is found in unpasteurized yogurt?
What can be used to change the conditions in their environment?
What is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection?
What are the symptoms of inflammation caused by?
What are released by injured or infected cells?
What eicosanoids produce fever and the dilation of blood vessels associated with inflammation?
What is responsible for communication between white blood cells?
What cells engulf pathogens?
Phagocytes can be called to specific locations by what?
What vesicle is a phagocytosis trapped in?
Phagocytosis is an important feature of cellular innate immunity performed by cells called phagocytes?
What does phagocytosis do?
Which phagocytes travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
What type of phagocytes travel throughout the body in pursuit of invading pathogens?
Neutrophils and macrophages are the most abundant type of phagocyte?
What is it called when neutrophils migrate to the site of inflammation?
What is the most abundant type of phagocyte?
What are white blood cells called?
What are the second arm of the innate immune system?
 Innate cells are important mediators in the activation of what?
What are the phagocytes?
What are phagocytes in tissues that are in contact with the external environment?
What are dendritic cells named for their resemblance to?
What do dendritic cells present antigens to?
What do dendritic cells present antigens to?
What is the condition that NK cells recognize cells with low levels of MHC I?
What are NK cells?
What is the term for cells with low levels of a cell-surface marker?
What are natural killer cells?
Where did the adaptive immune system evolve?
What is the process that requires recognition of specific "non-self" antigens?
Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to what?
What are the two major subtypes of T cells?
What type of T cells have a role in modulating immune response?
 Killer T cells only recognize antigens coupled to what?
What do regulatory T cells and T cells only recognize?
What type of T cells recognize intact antigens that are not bound to MHC receptors?
What are the sub-group of T cells that kill cells that are infected with viruses?
What is the co-receptor on the T cell called?
What binds to the specific antigen in a complex with the MHC Class I receptor of another cell?
What type of T cell recognizes a specific antigen in a complex with the MHC Class I receptor of another cell?
What type of T cell recognizes a different antigen?
The MHC:antigen complex is recognized by what?
How many receptors are on the helper T cell?
How are killer T cells activated?
What do helper T cells release?
What is another name for the CD4 co-receptor?
Gamma delta T cells share the characteristics of what?
What doγδ T cells possess?
What areGamma delta T cells?
What do γδ T cells produce?
What type of T cells do γδ T cells have?
What identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen?
How is the B cell processed?
What does the matching helper T cell release?
When B cells and T cells are activated and begin to replicate, some of their offspring become what?
What is the term for the memory cells during the lifetime of an individual as an adaptation to infection with a pathogen?
What are two types of immunological memory?
What do memory cells remember during the lifetime of an animal?
Newborn infants have no prior exposure to what?
What type of antibody is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta?
What contains antibodies that are transferred to the gut of the infant and protect against bacterial infections?
What is the term for passive immunity?
Hormones can act as what?
What are female sex hormones known immunostimulators of?
What autoimmune disease strikes women preferentially?
What do male sex hormones seem to be?
What proteins are closely intertwined with both T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms?
What are some chronic conditions that can be caused by sleep deprivation?
Active immunizations may have a diminished effect and may result in lower antibody production, and a lower immune response than would be noted in a well-rested individual?
What is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals?
The age-related decline in immune function is related to decreasing what level in the elderly?
What is regulated by the immune system?
What does UVB radiation produce?
What type of cells are used to destroy abnormal cells?
What are Tumor antigens presented on?
Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to what?
What is generated to destroy the abnormal cells?
What type of cells do plants lack?
What are PAMPs?
What do plants undergo to prevent the spread of the disease to other parts of the plant?
What is a type of defensive response used by plants that renders the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent?
What do plants use to block virus replication?
What is the other end of immune dysfunction?
What does the immune system fail to distinguish between?
Where are specialized cells located?
What do many T cells and antibodies react with?
What occurs when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive?
In what age is the ability to respond to pathogens diminished?
At what age do immune responses begin to decline?
What are common causes of poor immune function in developed countries?
What is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries?
What is one way that active immunity can be generated artificially?
What is another name for vaccination?
What is immunization?
What does immunization exploits?
What do bacteria secreting to overcome physical barriers?
What type of secretion system can bacteria use to prevent detection or destruction by the immune system?
What are proteins used to do?
The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to do what?
Who came up with the clonal selection theory?
What types of entities trigger a destructive immune response?
What was the clonal selection theory later modified to reflect new discoveries?
Whose suggestion inspired the clonal selection theory?
What is the most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs?
Methotrexate and azathioprine are examples of what type of drugs?
What immunosuppressive drugs are used to control the effects of inflammation?
What is the name of the immunosuppressive drugs that prevent T cells from responding to signals correctly?
What differentiated effector cells peak during wake time?
What anti-inflammatory molecules peak during awake active times?
What is the name of the chemical that causes inflammation during sleep time?
What does melatonin help counteract during sleep time?
What does a T-cell extend when it encounters a foreign pathogen?
What is the steroid hormone that allows a T-cell to bind to active form of vitamin D?
What relationship do T-cells have with vitamin D?
What gene does a T-cell express when it encounters a foreign pathogen?
What are some immune system cells that are known to bind to calcitriol?
What are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens?
What is an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response found in all animals and plants?
Along with the complement system, what cells are used by most forms of invertebrate life?
What is conserved across all eukaryotes?
What are some of the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system?
Which animals have a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates?
What are the large array of molecules of the adaptive immune system called?
Evolution of what occurred in an ancestor of the jawed vertebrates?
What do invertebrates do not generate?
What is the unique defense mechanism that bacteria use to protect themselves from viral pathogens called bacteriophages?
What type of bacteria uses a unique defense mechanism to protect themselves from viral pathogens?
What type of sequences do Prokaryotes use to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that they have come into contact with?
The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between what two theories?
Who represented the cellular theory of immunity?
What type of cells are responsible for immune responses?
Who proposed the humoral theory of immunology?
The humoral theory of immunity states that the active immune agents are what?
What do some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become?
Tumor cells often have a reduced number of what on their surface?
What suppresses the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes?
The cytokine TGF-β suppresses the activity of what?
What is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues?
How many classes are there?
What are the four classes of hypersensitivity?
What triggers degranulation of mast cells and basophils?
What type of hypersensitivity occurs when antibodies bind to antigens on the patient's own cells?
What is it called when a pathogen hides within the cells of their host?
What is the food poisoning bacterium?
What is an example of an intracellular pathogens that causes malaria?
What is an example of an evasion strategy used by several pathogens to avoid the innate immune system?
What is another name for intracellular pathogenesis?
What is it called when a virus mutates rapidly and keeps essential epitopes concealed?
What virus mutates rapidly?
What parasite uses a similar strategy to evade the adaptive immune system?
What may explain the failures of vaccines directed at this virus?
What is an important role of the immune system to identify and eliminate tumors?
What virus causes cervical cancer?
What is an example of an enzyme that is used to identify and eliminate tumors?
What are tumors called when expressed at high levels?
What is an example of a skin cell that is transformed by tyrosinase?
What is the maximum amount of drugs that can provoke a neutralizing immune response?
What type of amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions?
What is the term for the study of large sets of proteins?
What type of cells can be used for immunogenicity?
What is the field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity called?
What hormones induce increased blood levels of cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine?
Along with T-cells, what type of immune system is disrupted during the slow wave-sleep stage?
What cytokine balance is shift during the early slow-wave-sleep stage?
During the early slow-wave-sleep stage, a sudden drop in blood levels of cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are associated with what?
What do complement proteins bind to on the surfaces of microbes?
How can complement be used to kill cells?
The speed of the response is a result of what?
In humans, what amplifies the initial signal by controlled positive feedback?
What is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws?
What did South Africa fight against?
What was the name of the uprising that brought independence to the Baltic countries?
Where did the Orange Revolution occur?
In what country did the Rose Revolution occur?
Who brought the Civil disobedience movement to fruition in 1919?
Who did Egyptians fight in the 1919 Revolution?
Gandhi's campaigns for independence from the British Empire are examples of what type of movement?
What have people rebelled against?
What was one of the earliest massive implementations of civil disobedience?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who was Oedipus?
Who is the current King of Thebes?
Who was the former King of Thebes?
What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What is one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience?
Who wrote the play Antigone?
Who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial?
What is Creon trying to stop Antigone from doing?
What does Antigone tell Creon that she must do?
Who wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy?
The Mask of Anarchy is the first modern[vague] statement of what type of protest?
What was the name of Gandhi's doctrine of nonviolent protest?
What was the name of the political poem The Mask of Anarchy?
Who wrote the essay Civil Disobedience?
Who wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy?
What did Percy Shelley think of in the poem The Mask of Anarchy?
The Mask of Anarchy is the first modern[vague] statement of what?
What was the name of Gandhi's political poem inspired by Shelley's work?
Who wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy?
Who has the term "civil disobedience" become a code-word describing?
Who notes that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased?
What has the term "civil disobedience" always suffered from?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become in modern times?
What has the term civil disobedience done in modern times?
Who notes that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased?
What has the term "civil disobedience" become?
Who has the term civil disobedience become a code-word describing the activities of muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins?
What has the term "civil disobedience" always suffered from?
Who wrote that a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult?
LeGrande believes that a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult or what?
LeGrande encourages a distinction between what types of civil disobedience?
What type of problems does LeGrande find himself surrounded by?
What type of terminology does LeGrande believe has no more meaning than the individual orator intends it to have?
Who wrote that a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult?
What type of literature did LeGrande review?
What did LeGrande find himself surrounded by?
What type of civil disobedience does LeGrande encourage a distinction between?
What does LeGrande encourage a distinction between lawful protest demonstration and violent civil disobedience?
What is civil disobedience distinguished from?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to?
What is civil disobedience defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation?
What would not be civil disobedience if the head of government refused to enforce a decision of a country's highest court?
What is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws?
What is civil disobedience usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to?
If the head of government of a country were to do what, it would not be civil disobedience?
Who would refuse to enforce a decision of a country's highest court?
The head of government of a country would be acting in her capacity as public official rather than what?
What are two public agencies in a conflict?
Who argued that the individual is the final judge of right and wrong?
What was Thoreau's political philosophy?
What is Thoreau's political philosophy?
What was Thoreau's political philosophy?
What is Thoreau's political philosophy?
Who is the final judge of right and wrong?
Who can act unjustly?
Who argued that the individual is the final judge of right and wrong?
What was Thoreau's political philosophy?
What is Thoreau's political philosophy?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is only justified against what?
What non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to what?
What does Brownlee believe the same principle applies to breaches of law?
Who argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
According to Brownlee, disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects what?
Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is what?
Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-governmental agencies can be justified if it reflects a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken?
What is it usually recognized that lawbreaking if it is not done publicly, at least must be publicly announced to constitute?
What does Stephen Eilmann think civil disobedience should take the form of?
What did Hitler's secret police demand to know?
What does Stephen Eilmann believe is a good reason for civil disobedience?
Who refused a direct order of Pharaoh?
What must be done in order to constitute civil disobedience?
Stephen Eilmann argues that it is necessary to disobey what?
What is more effective than open disobedience?
What does Stephen Eilmann think of when it is necessary to disobey rules that conflict with morality?
What book did Stephen Eilmann believe should be used as a precedent for civil disobedience?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What Dictionary includes non-violence in its definition of civil disobedience?
What type of civil disobedience is justified by appeal to constitutional defects?
What do civil disobedients' refraining from violence help preserve?
What does Black's Law Dictionary include in its definition of civil disobedience?
What does Black's Law Dictionary say civil disobedience must be?
What type of civil disobedience is justified by appeal to constitutional defects?
What does the Black's Law Dictionary call civil disobedience?
What is the purpose of refraining from violence in civil disobedience?
What is an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who did Ferenc Deák direct revolutionary civil disobedience against?
Who directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government?
What is a notable example of a non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is Revolutionary civil disobedience an active attempt to overthrow?
What is non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the reason for non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is the purpose of non-revolutionary civil disobedience?
What is an active attempt to overthrow a government?
Who is considered to be a revolutionary civil disobedience?
When were the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience?
How did the Jews prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem?
What happened to Thoreau when he was arrested?
What did the tax collector who arrested Thoreau do?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
When were the earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience?
Why did the Jews gather in the streets?
What do some activists who commit civil disobedience as a group collectively do?
What is it called when a group refuses to sign bail until certain demands are met?
When was Thoreau's essay published?
What type of acts have civil disobedients chosen?
What type of purpose do illegal protests serve?
What is the name of the group that brought medicine to Iraq without the consent of the U.S. Government?
How long has the California Redwood tree lived in Luna?
How does Bedau feel about the use of illegal acts by civil disobedients?
What type of acts have civil disobedients chosen?
What is an example of a civil disobedience act that is hardly more than a nuisance?
What is the harmlessness of illegal protests?
What does Bedau believe is the main goal of illegal acts?
What civil disobedients have chosen a variety of illegal acts?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
What did Joseph Haas send to Lebanon city councilors?
What is pure speech?
What case led to the banning of the track "Filthy Words"?
When was FCC v. Pacifica Foundation?
What is a criminalized behavior?
What did WBAI do with the track "Filthy Words" from a George Carlin comedy album?
What is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies?
What was Joseph Haas arrested for?
Illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins make it more difficult for what?
How was GCSB Waihopai closed?
What did the Plowshares organization do to make it difficult for a system to function?
What can civil disobedients use to get their issue onto the table?
What is it called when civil disobedients use limited coercion in order to get their issue onto the table?
Along with illegal boycotts, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, what type of civil disobedience can make it difficult for a system to function?
What are civil disobedients constrained by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue?
What do civil disobedients aim to do?
How did the Plowshares organization temporarily close GCSB Waihopai?
What is an example of a civil disobedience case?
What do civil disobedients need to decide about their property?
What can serve no useful purpose?
What is one reason that some civil disobedients have found it hard to respond to investigators' questions?
What do some civil disobedients seek to do to make an impression on police?
What do some civil disobedients feel it is incumbent upon them to do?
What is held to bind all to obey the laws that a government meeting certain standards of legitimacy has established?
What do some civil disobedients don't believe in?
What are some civil disobedients who don't believe in the legitimacy of any government?
What do some civil disobedients believe there is no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law?
What is an important decision for civil disobedients?
What is a civil disobedient's duty to do?
What does ACT-UP's Civil Disobedience Training handbook state about a civil disobedient who pleads guilty?
What does the Civil Disobedience Training handbook state that a civil disobedient who pleads guilty is essentially stating, "Yes, I committed the act of which you accuse me?
What is the term for a civil disobedient who pleads guilty?
Where was the protest held?
Why were the protesters arrested?
What happened to the protesters when they stepped across the "line"?
What did Heisler advise the protesters to plead?
What did the Committee for Non-Violent Action give the arrested people?
Why do protesters choose to go to jail?
Why do protesters go to jail?
What does Howard Zinn believe should be maintained?
What do protesters do as an accession to the rules?
What do the prosecution propose to civil disobedients?
What did the Camden 28 defendants receive?
What do some activists use to secure the same plea bargain for everyone?
What do some activists opt to enter without a plea agreement?
Who pleaded guilty and told the court that he was here to submit cheerfully to the highest penalty?
What type of speech do some civil disobedience defendants make in allocution?
What do some civil disobedience defendants choose to do in allocution?
What did Burgos-Andujar's statement suggest?
In U.S. v. Burgos-Andujar, a defendant who was involved in a movement to stop military exercises by trespassing on US Navy property argued to the court that the people who are violating the greater law are the members of the Navy?
What did Burgos-Andujar complain about?
What is the primary goal of a technical defense if a defendant plead not guilty?
What do civil disobedients do if they plead not guilty?
What do civil disobedients use the proceedings as a forum to do?
During what era did the Chicago Eight use a political defense?
What do some civil disobedients seek?
What is neither conscientious nor of social benefit?
According to Michael Bayles, if a person violates a law in order to create a test case as to the constitutionality of a law, what is it?
What is not civil disobedience?
What is it called when a person violates a law in order to create a test case?
How do conscientious lawbreakers attempt to escape punishment?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not itself, the object of protest?
What type of civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest?
During what war did courts typically refuse to excuse the perpetrators of illegal protests from punishment?
What type of civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a law?
What is the difference between direct and indirect civil disobedience?
What is a major goal of criminal punishment?
What is the most important consideration in deciding whether or not to impose punishment?
Who is responsible for deciding whether or not to impose punishment?
What does Brownlee believe the focus on the threat of punishment detracts from?
What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure called?
What is another term for construction?
What is the percentage of gross domestic product of developed countries?
What does construction start with?
For whom does construction typically take place?
Who normally manages the job?
Who supervises a large-scale construction project?
What is essential for successful execution of a project?
What are the largest construction projects called?
Who must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job?
What are the three sectors of construction in Hyderabad?
What are the three sectors of construction called?
What are the three sectors of construction called?
What is another name for heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering?
What sector includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants?
What is ENR?
What is the acronym forEngineering News-Record?
In what year did ENR compile the data in nine market segments?
What does ENR use data on to rank companies as heavy contractors?
What are the three subsectors of the construction sector?
What are the categories for?
What two classification systems have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction?
What are construction managers?
What is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings?
What is the majority of building construction jobs?
Who acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project?
What are some undesirable end results of building construction?
What do people with experience in the field do during construction?
Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to what?
What dictates the construction materials used?
What can residential construction generate?
What is one thing that can vary dramatically on a per square meter basis?
What technology is making it possible to flexibly construct small commercial buildings and private habitations in around 20 hours?
How long is it possible to construct small commercial buildings and private habitations in one continuous build?
How much building material are working versions of 3D-printing building technology already printing?
How much building material is being printed per hour?
What is the purpose of a formal design team?
In modern industrialized world, what is the translation of?
Who is the design team most commonly employed by?
Who provides the bill of quantities to the design team?
Who does the owner typically award a contract to?
What is the modern trend in design toward integration of?
In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be what?
What is the modern trend in design that involves integration of previously separated specialties?
What is another term for a one-stop shopping for a construction project?
What are some project structures that assist the owner in integration?
Who does each of the project structures allow the owner to integrate?
What are many companies placing more emphasis on?
What can a construction project suffer from?
When do underbids happen?
When do Cash flow problems arise?
What is a problem in many fields?
Who are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project?
Who is highly likely to participate in the financial management of a building project?
Who studies the expected monetary flow over the life of the project?
What are some examples of cost overruns with government projects?
Who are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of a building construction project?
What must a project adhere to?
A project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit who?
What are malum prohibitum considerations?
What are malum prohibitum considerations?
Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built?
What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?
What is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties?
What is the time element in construction?
What must the contracts be designed to ensure?
What type of contract can lead to confusion and collapse?
What is a new form of procurement?
What does PPPs stand for?
What does PPPs stand for?
What is the focus of relationship contracting?
Who acts as the project coordinator?
The architect or engineer acts as what?
What are direct contractual links between?
Who is the main contractor?
When does the process of construction procurement end?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
Who present different ideas about how to accomplish these goals?
Who produces a list of requirements for a project?
What type of contractor does the owner hire?
When the owner produces a list of requirements for a project, what is the first phase of the project?
Who is required to verify and have existing utility lines marked?
What does having existing utility lines marked lessens the likelihood of?
What does this lessens the likelihood of damage to?
Who inspects the building periodically to ensure it adheres to the approved plans and the local building code?
What may be issued before the foundation can be dug?
What is the annual revenue of the construction industry in the United States?
How much of the industry is private?
As of 2005, how many firms were employed in the construction industry?
What is the average contractor employed?
How many women were employed in the construction industry as of 2011?
What is the average earning for a professional in the construction industry in the Middle East?
What is the average earning for a professional in the Middle East in the UK?
Which countries have the highest average salaries for construction workers?
What is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world?
What is one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers?
What are some of the major causes of fatalities in the construction industry?
What can curtail the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry?
What are private schools also known as?
Along with sport scholarship, art scholarship, and financial need, what type of scholarship is offered by private schools?
What do private schools charge their students?
What right do private schools retain?
What is the average annual tuition fee at New England preparatory schools?
What are tuition fees at K-12 schools called?
Along with the United Kingdom and Canada, what Commonwealth country uses the term "private education"?
Where does Private education cover the whole gamut of educational activity?
What is the year 12 of the secondary level known as?
What is the name of the year 13 of secondary schools?
What is another name for university-preparatory schools?
What type of Tuition varies from school to school?
High tuition is used to pay higher salaries for what?
Parochial schools are often used to denote what type of schools?
Along with Protestants, Jews and Muslims, what religious group is represented in K-12 private schools?
What type of education do some private schools teach?
What is a tool not readily available to government schools?
What is a compulsory uniform for private schools in Australia?
Are private schools more or less expensive than public schools in Australia?
Along with the Anglican Church, Uniting Church, and St Joseph's College, what church is a notable independent school?
What type of schools are some of the best known independent schools?
Where is St Aloysius' College located?
What gender is Loreto Normanhurst for?
Where is the right to create private schools in Germany located?
What type of event would private schools be protected from in the future?
What was the percent of pupils in private schools in Germany between 1992 and 2008?
What is the percent of students in private schools in Germany in a state of emergency?
What was the percentage of private schools in Germany in the former GDR?
What are Ersatzschulen's parents called?
What are ordinary primary or secondary schools?
What type of tuition fees do most Ersatzschulen have?
What are secondary or post-secondary schools called?
What type of schools are most of the Ergänzungsschulen?
What type of fees do Ergänzungsschulen charge their students?
What type of groups run Ergänzungsschulen?
What are private schools called in India?
What is an example of an unaided independent school?
How many different Examination Boards are present in India?
Who is in power to govern schools in India?
Who can run schools in India?
Where are private schools allowed to run in India?
What does ASER stand for?
What does ASER do?
What language is used in private schools in India?
What is the Irish term for private schools in Ireland?
Why are private schools unusual in Ireland?
What is the average fee for a private school in Ireland?
What is an example of a private school in Ireland?
What is the average fee for a private school in Ireland?
When was Malaysia's independence?
What was the name of the group that opposed the National School system?
What language are Chinese secondary schools required to change into?
What system did the government instruct all schools to surrender their properties and be assimilated into?
How many schools were converted to National Type schools?
What are the private schools that accept government funds called?
How are private schools funded?
Where is the Galaxy Public School located?
What is the medium of education in Kathmandu?
What is the official language of Kathmandu?
How many private schools are in New Zealand?
As of April 2014, how many private schools were in New Zealand?
What percentage of New Zealand's student population are private schools?
What is the largest private school system in New Zealand?
As of April 2014, how many private schools are in New Zealand?
What religion are private schools often?
Where is Samuel Marsden Collegiate School located?
What denomination is Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College in Wellington?
Where is St Margaret's College located?
What is the name of the Catholic schismatic group in Wanganui?
What percentage of primary enrollment does the private sector account for?
What is the percentage of secondary enrollment in the Philippines?
What percentage of tertiary enrollment does the private sector provide in the Philippines?
When was the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools issued?
Along with English, mathematics and English, what is an example of a value education in the Philippines?
What scheme provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools?
What is geared to students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes?
What is made available to underprivileged students who wish to pursue college/technical education?
What law was passed in 1996?
When was the South African Schools Act passed?
What is the second category of schools in South Africa?
What type of school is independent?
When were private church schools established in South Africa?
What is the term "Model C" used to describe?
What type of academic results do government schools formerly reserved for white children produce?
What was the legal form of Model C?
What percentage of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008?
How many pupils does Kunskapsskolan teach?
How many employees does Kunskapsskolan have?
What is Kunskapsskolan?
What type of school is the Kunskapsskolan?
At what age do Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils to enter public schools?
What are private schools also known as?
According to The Good Schools Guide, what percentage of children are educated at independent schools?
At what age do Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils to enter public schools?
What is the average fee for a private school in the UK?
What was the name of the landmark court case in 1954 that demanded United States schools desegregate with all deliberate speed?
What type of academies have shut down since the 1970s?
In what part of the US did many white students migrate to the Christian academies?
What race did many students migrate to the Christian academies?
Who did public schools become more heavily concentrated with?
Along with student tuition, scholarship/voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals, what type of funding is provided for private schools?
What amendment is the Establishment Clause of?
The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment is an example of what amendment?
What type of status can private schools get from public funding?
In what state did private schooling begin in 1852?
In what year was private schooling introduced in Massachusetts?
When was Wisconsin v. Yoder?
What was Pierce v. Society of Sisters?
What was Runyon v.?
What was the average tuition for day schools in New York City in 2012?
What was the average tuition for boarding schools in the United States in 2012?
What is the name of the leading boarding school in the United States?
What type of drives did the Groton School use?
Who was the first benefactor of Harvard?
In what year did Harvard merge with Radcliffe College?
Who was the founder of the Association of American Universities?
What organization was Harvard a founding member of?
Who was the first president of Harvard?
What is the world's largest academic and private library system?
How many libraries does the Harvard Library have?
How many volumes does the Harvard Library contain?
How many U.S. presidents have attended Harvard?
How many Nobel laureates have attended Harvard?
Where are Harvard's campuses located?
How much is Harvard's financial endowment?
What river is the Allston neighborhood of Boston located on?
How many academic units is Harvard organized into?
Where is the main campus of Harvard located?
When was Harvard formed?
Where was the Great and General Court located?
In what year was the first known printing press invented?
When was the college renamed Harvard College?
When was the charter creating the Harvard Corporation granted?
Who did the College train in the early years?
What model did the College offer?
How did the College differ from the English university model?
When did Willard die?
Who was appointed to the presidency of Harvard in 1805?
When was Henry Ware elected to the chair of Harvard?
Who wrote the Natural history lectures in 1846?
What did Agassiz combine observation with?
What Scottish philosophers were influenced by Agassiz?
Who was president from 1869-1909?
What type of beliefs did Charles W. Eliot have?
From whom did the Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions come?
Who was president from 1933-1953?
What did Conant create programs to do?
When was Conant's report published?
How many men attend Harvard College?
When did the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe occur?
What was the result of the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe?
How far is Harvard Yard from the State House?
How many residential houses are located in Harvard Yard?
What body of water is the main campus located on?
Where is the Quadrangle located?
Where is the Harvard Business School located?
What is the name of the pedestrian bridge over the Charles River?
Where is the Harvard Medical School located?
What percentage of land does Harvard own in Allston?
What are some plans to connect Allston with the new Allston campus?
What is one of the features that Harvard wants to add to Allston?
How many professors do Harvard have?
How many undergraduates attend Harvard?
How many graduate students attend Harvard?
When was the color red officially adopted?
When did Charles William Eliot buy red bandanas for his crew?
How much was Harvard's endowment worth in 2011?
How much did Harvard suffer in 2008-09?
What is the largest university endowment in the world?
How much money does Harvard have available for disbursement?
What was Harvard's financial aid reserve in 2012?
When was the divestment from South Africa movement?
Who gave a speech at Harvard in the late 1980s?
How much did Harvard reduce its South African holdings in the late 1980s?
How many applicants did Harvard College accept for the class of 2019?
When did Harvard end its early admissions program?
Why did Harvard end its early admissions program in 2007?
In what year was the Early Action program reintroduced?
What were entering students required to complete between 1978 and 2008?
Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete courses in how many General Education categories?
What do some students criticize Harvard for?
When do Harvard's academic programs begin?
What do undergraduates have to maintain to be considered full-time at Harvard?
What are students graduating in the top 4-5% of the class awarded?
What percentage of students in the top 4-5% of the class receive Latin honors?
What was the annual tuition for undergraduates in the 2012-13 school year?
What was the total cost of attending Harvard for the 2012-13 school year?
What did families with incomes below $60,000 pay in 2007?
How much money did Harvard offer in 2009?
What percentage of Harvard's aid for undergraduate students came from grants?
Where is the Harvard University Library System located?
What are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use?
Where is America's oldest collection of atlases stored?
How many volumes are in the Harvard University Library System?
How many museums are in the Harvard Art Museums?
What does the Fogg Museum of Art cover?
What is the name of the museum in the Harvard Art Museums?
When was the first time such league tables were published?
When were the first league tables published?
Where does Harvard rank in terms of number of alumni holding CEO positions in Fortune Global 500 companies?
How many intercollegiate sports does the Harvard Crimson compete in?
Who does Harvard have an intense athletic rivalry with?
When is the rivalry between Harvard and Yale put aside?
When did the first football meeting take place?
In what year did Harvard Stadium introduce a new era into football?
When was the first permanent reinforced concrete stadium built?
Who is Walter Camp?
What is the name of the multi-purpose arena and home to the Harvard basketball teams?
What is the MAC?
How many weight rooms are in the Malkin Athletic Center?
How long has the Harvard-Yale Regatta been going on?
Where is the Harvard-Yale Regatta held?
What rivalry does the Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team have?
When did Harvard win the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships?
Who is the U.N. Secretary-General?
Who is the Colombian President?
Who is the Costa Rican president?
Who is the Israeli Prime Minister?
Who is a notable television show host and writer?
Who is the conductor of the Grateful Dead?
Who is the cellist?
Who was a civil rights leader?
Who is a Fields Medalist mathematician?
Who are some of the scholars on the faculty of Harvard?
Who is a Shakespeare scholar at Harvard?
What is the largest city in Florida?
What was the population of Jacksonville in 2010?
Where does Jacksonville rank in population in the US?
What county is Jacksonville located in?
When was Duval County consolidated?
On what river is Jacksonville located?
How far away from Miami is Jacksonville from Miami?
What was the name of the French colony in Florida in 1564?
Who originally inhabited the area?
Who was the first military governor of Florida?
What is the rank of the Port of Jacksonville?
Along with military and civilian deep-water port, what is a major tourist attraction in Jacksonville?
How many US Navy bases are located in Jacksonville?
What are two names for people from Jacksonville?
How many years has the area of Jacksonville been inhabited?
Who discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States?
What group is located on Black Hammock Island?
The 16th century was the beginning of what era?
What is the name of the village that is now downtown Jacksonville?
Who charted the St. Johns River in 1562?
Who did Ribault claim the land for?
Who did Philip II order to attack the French at Fort Caroline?
What was the name of the first European settlement in Florida?
What was the name of the first European settlement in Florida?
What war caused the British to ceded Florida to the British?
What did the British do to connect St. Augustine to Georgia?
What do the names Cow Ford and Cowford reflect?
Who ceded Florida to the British in 1763?
When did the British build the King's Road?
Who was the main cause of the American Civil War?
What was the name of the first Confederate victory in Florida?
At what battle did the Union forces defeat the Confederate Army?
What left the city disrupted after the Civil War?
What was the name of the battle that took place in Jacksonville in March 1864?
During what era did Jacksonville become a popular winter resorts for the rich and famous?
Who attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition?
What was a major blow to Jacksonville's tourism in the late 19th century?
What drew visitors to Jacksonville during the late 19th century?
What did Grover Cleveland use to get to Jacksonville?
What was the cause of the fire in Jacksonville?
How many buildings were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1901?
What did Governor Jennings do in response to the fire?
What was the name of the major fire in Jacksonville in 1901?
Who were attracted to Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What type of studios were established in Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What was Jacksonville's nickname in the 1910s?
What industry became a major film production center in Jacksonville in the 1910s?
What led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs?
What was the population of non-Hispanic white in Jacksonville in 2010?
What was the name of the wave of middle class that occurred after World War II?
Who wrote the Jacksonville Story?
When did Jacksonville suffer from rapid urban sprawl?
What caused problems with funding education, sanitation and traffic control within the city limits?
Which areas of Jacksonville had difficulty obtaining municipal services?
What did a study recommend that the city of Jacksonville do in order to create the needed tax base?
Who rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965?
What was the traditional political network of Duval County's officials?
How many officials were indicted?
What group was led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates?
What happened to all 15 of Duval County's public schools in 1964?
What was the result of the consolidation referendum?
Who was the mayor of Jacksonville in 1967?
What was the name of the new border at Florida 13 and Julington Creek?
What plan was promoted as a blueprint for Jacksonville's future and approved by Jacksonville voters in 2000?
What did the Better Jacksonville Plan do?
What is Jacksonville's total area?
What is the largest river in the US?
What is the largest city in the contiguous United States?
What percentage of Jacksonville is water?
What town is to the north of Jacksonville?
What is the Bank of America Tower?
What was the original name of the Bank of America Tower?
What is the height of the Bank of America Tower?
How many floors is the Riverplace Tower?
What is the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline?
What type of climate does Jacksonville have?
When is the warmest months in Jacksonville?
What kind of weather does Jacksonville have during winters?
What is the main reason that Jacksonville sees very little cold weather?
What was the highest temperature recorded on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872?
What type of thunderstorms erupt during a typical summer afternoon?
Along with rapid heating of the land relative to the water, what is another factor that causes thunderstorms to erupt during the summer?
In what month does the temperature range from 53 F to 82 F?
What was the only hurricane to hit the First Coast with sustained hurricane-force winds?
What was the wind speed of Hurricane Dora?
What was the name of the hurricane that hit Jacksonville in 2012?
On what scale did Hurricane Dora hit Jacksonville?
In what year did Tropical Storm Fay hit Jacksonville?
What is the country's tenth-largest population?
As of 2010, how many people lived in Jacksonville?
What is the country's tenth largest Arab population?
What is the largest American community in Florida?
What percentage of all households were made up of individuals?
What percentage of households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
What percentage of households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
What was the population of Atlantic City in 2010?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% of adults own in the year 2000?
How many people in the world have wealth equal to the bottom 50% of the world's population?
What is the combined wealth of the top percentile?
What has Oxfam's claims been questioned on?
What did Oxfam call the criticism of debt?
What percentage of global assets did the richest 1% of adults own in the year 2000?
What do the three richest people in the world possess more of than the lowest 48 nations combined?
What was the combined wealth of the "10 million dollar millionaires" in 2008?
What percentage of the world's population does the top 1% own?
What does the Oxfam report say is the cause of the disparity in wealth?
How many richest Americans have more wealth than half of all Americans combined?
Which newspaper reported that the "richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent"?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have a "substantial head start"?
According to the Institute for Policy Studies, over 60 percent of the Forbes richest 400 Americans did what?
What do the top 400 richest Americans have more than half of all Americans combined?
What percent of the US now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent?
What may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have a "substantial head start"?
What percentage of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
What organization stated that "over 60 percent" of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege"?
What views inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from differences in value added by labor, capital and land?
What does neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What is the reason for differences in value added by labor, capital and land?
What is inequality a reflection of in a market economy?
What determines wages and profits in a market economy?
What does neoclassical economics view inequalities in the distribution of income as arising from?
What does neoclassical economics believe is the cause of differences in the distribution of income?
What are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor?
What are the classifications of each economic actor in neoclassical economics?
What is inequality a reflection of in a market economy?
What is the main reason that capitalist firms substitute capital equipment for labor inputs?
What happens to the organic composition of capital in proportion to capital inputs?
What is thereserve army of labour?
What has caused a situation of relatively stagnant wages for the working class?
What does the term "workers" refer to?
What is the main reason that capitalist firms substitute capital equipment for labor inputs?
What do capitalist firms increasingly do for labor inputs?
What does the substitution of capital equipment for labor raise for each worker?
In Marxian analysis, what type of wages did the working class have?
What will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer?
The price of skill is determined by a race between the demand for the skilled worker and what?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will happen to the workers wages?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what will the workers wages be controlled by?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what are wages controlled by?
Who controls wages in a purely capitalist mode of production?
Wages work in the same way as what for any other good?
What will not be controlled by these organizations, or the employer, but rather by the market?
What can concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society and abuse workers and consumers?
In a purely capitalist mode of production, what are wages controlled by?
What tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job?
What will result in a low wage for a job that few require?
A job where there are few able or willing workers but a large need for the positions will result in what?
A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time but a large need for the positions?
What may limit the supply of workers?
A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time but a large need for a job that few require will result in what?
What drives down the wage?
What does competition amongst workers tend to drive down wages due to?
What type of supply will result in a low wage for a job that few require?
Competition between what type of employers will result in a low wage for employees?
Higher economic inequality tends to increase what at the individual level?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What is another term for survival needs?
What is the term for achievement-oriented motivations?
What type of entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations?
What tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level?
What is most of entrepreneurship based on rather than opportunity?
What type of entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs?
What type of motivations are driven by?
What type of impact does higher economic inequality have on economic growth?
What is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases?
What will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
The steeper tax progressivity applied to what can result in more equal distribution of income across the board?
The rate at which income is taxed coupled with the progressivity of what is an indicator for the effects of a progressive tax?
What increases as the taxable base amount increases?
What will often have a direct impact on the level of inequality within a society?
What type of progressivity is applied to social spending?
What is an indicator for the effects of a progressive tax system?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What type of education do people who are unable to afford an education choose not to pursue?
What do those who choose not to pursue optional education generally receive?
Who does education help unleash the productive potential of?
What does a lack of education lead to?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What does education create for those with a high demand for workers?
What type of wages do people who choose not to pursue optional education receive?
What does a lack of education lead to?
What is an important factor in the creation of inequality?
What did S&P recommend?
How much did the Standard & Poor's rating agency estimate education would add to the country's economy over five years?
The widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation made it more prone to what?
What rating agency rated the disparity between the wealthiest and the rest of the nation in 2014?
In what year did the Standard & Poor's rating agency conclude that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession?
During what time period did the U.S. economy suffer from a recession?
What did S&P recommend?
How much did the Standard & Poor's rating agency estimate education would add to the country's economy over five years?
The widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation made it more prone to what?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What happened to skilled workers during the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers lead to?
What can result in low economic growth?
What did the decrease in wages cause?
When was the mass high school education movement?
What did the increase in skilled workers lead to?
What was the purpose of high school education?
What is important for the growth of the economy?
What can result in low economic growth?
What has remained strong in continental European liberalism?
What countries have a lower level of economic mobility than the United States?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor market outcomes?
What did Schmitt and Zipperer compare the effects of intensive Anglo-American liberal policies to?
The decline of union membership is one of the causes of what?
The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of what?
What organization did John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer belong to?
How much support does the available evidence provide for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor market outcomes?
How does the U.S. economy compare to continental European countries?
Which country has very low levels of inequality?
What is the cross-national pattern that goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap?
What did Rosenfield believe the decline of organized labor played a more significant role in expanding the income gap?
What is Jake Rosenfield's profession?
Where is Jake Rosenfield from?
What has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap?
What is the rate of unionization in Scandinavia?
What does Rosenfield believe has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap?
What do low-skilled workers in the rich countries see as a result of the competition?
Low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see what?
What is an example of a cause of trade inequality in America?
What type of labor has been replaced by in wealthier nations?
Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from a what?
Who may see increased wages?
What has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States?
What is the effect of trade on inequality in America?
What type of labor has been replaced by in wealthier nations?
What is the gender pay gap in Botswana?
What is the gender pay gap in Bahrain?
What are women more likely to do when looking for work?
Who is the gender pay gap in favor of in the labor market?
What gender pay gap is there in many countries?
Who is the gender pay gap in favor of?
Who is more likely than men to consider factors other than pay when looking for work?
Who wrote Knowledge and Decisions?
What is the gender pay gap in the US when other factors are accounted for?
What type of programs can help more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have what kind of distributions of wealth?
As a country develops, it acquires what?
What is one way that more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality?
What is Simon Kuznets's profession?
What did Kuznets argue is a large part the result of stages of development?
As a country develops, it acquires what?
What do the owners of capital have when they acquire more capital?
What do more developed countries move back to?
When did income inequality fall in the United States?
When did income inequality begin to rise?
What sector did Kuznets' curve predict would eventually decrease?
What sector did the Kuznets' curve move from?
Who plotted the relationship between level of income and inequality?
What is the Kuznets' curve known as?
What is the Kuznets curve?
What does Kuznets' curve predict income inequality will do at a given time?
What is the Kuznets curve?
What is a theoretical process by which newly created wealth concentrates in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities?
What do those who already hold wealth have the means to do in new sources of creating wealth?
What is the fundamental force for divergence?
What does Thomas Piketty believe creates higher returns?
What does wealth concentration concentrates in under certain conditions?
Who has the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth?
What can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society?
Who wrote Capital in the Twenty-First Century?
What does Thomas Piketty believe larger fortunes generate?
What forces should serve as a brake on the concentration of wealth and income?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What type of skills will the market bid up to reward wealth creation?
What is a better explainer of growing inequality?
What is the non-market force known as?
What type of researchers have found higher rates of health and social problems and lower rates of social goods?
What causes a lower level of economic growth for high-end consumption?
What is lower in more unequal countries?
What type of researchers have found higher rates of health and social problems and lower rates of social goods?
What is the effect of inequality on life expectancy in more unequal countries?
When did Robert J. Shiller say that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem?
What is the most important problem in the United States and elsewhere?
What effect does high and persistent unemployment have on long-run economic growth?
What has a negative effect on long-run economic growth?
What type of growth does increasing inequality harm?
What country did Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett study?
Do countries with higher inequality have higher or lower rates of health and social problems?
Are the rates of social goods higher or lower in countries with higher inequality?
How many developed countries did Wilkinson and Pickett use?
What do countries and states with higher rates of health and social problems have a higher rate of?
For most of human history higher material living standards led to what?
Where does the pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still hold?
What increases rapidly as per capita income increases?
Who lives no longer than Greeks or New Zealanders?
How was income distributed in Japan?
What is the characteristic that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries?
Who created an index of "Health and Social Problems"?
How many factors does the index of "Health and Social Problems" have?
Where are health and social problems more common in countries with bigger income inequalities?
What does the UNICEF index of child well-being in rich countries correlate with?
What is the relationship between crime rate and inequality?
Most studies looking into the relationship have concentrated on what?
How many studies have shown tendencies for violence to be more common in societies where income differences are larger?
How can half of all variation in homicide rates be accounted for?
What is the difference between U.S States and Canadian Provinces in homicide rates?
What is the utilitarian principle of seeking for the greatest number?
Economic inequality is an example of reduced what?
An additional dollar spent by a poor person will go to things providing what to a person?
Does the marginal utility of wealth increase or decrease as a person becomes richer?
A society with more equality will have what?
What should be the measure of inequality?
What political party does Will Wilkinson belong to?
In what year was consumption inequality lower than it was in 1986?
Who wrote "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor"?
Who is Thomas B. Edsall?
What is Raghuram Rajan's profession?
Raghuram Rajan argues that what has created deep financial "fault lines"?
What is the most recent example of a financial crisis?
What has political pressure developed to extend to the lower and middle income earners to keep unemployment rates low?
What has political pressure developed to extend to the lower and middle income earners to keep unemployment rates low?
What is negatively correlated with the duration of economic growth spells?
What do high levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity but also?
If the income share of the top 20 percent (the rich) increases, what happens to GDP growth?
An increase in the income share of the bottom 20 percent is associated with what?
Who is the most important for growth?
Who are David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela?
What does increasing inequality harm?
High and persistent unemployment has a negative effect on what?
Why can unemployment harm growth?
What type of effects do policies aimed at controlling unemployment reduce?
What did Joseph Stiglitz present in 2009?
How does global inequality and inequality prevent growth?
What is Joseph Stiglitz's profession?
What is the main reason for this shift?
What has become the secret to growth?
When did Galor and Zeira show that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development?
What effect does inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections have on human capital formation and economic development?
What did Perotti study in 1996?
What is inequality associated with higher levels of?
What does the credit market imperfection approach result in?
What do high levels of inequality do to growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth in richer countries?
What do high levels of inequality do to growth in richer countries?
Barro found that there is little overall relation between income inequality and rates of what?
Where is Robert Barro from?
When was a study of Swedish counties?
What hypothesis states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases?
What does the Kuznets curve hypothesis state with economic development?
Who challenges the Kuznets curve hypothesis?
What is Thomas Piketty's profession?
What did Thomas Piketty claim reduced inequality from 1914 to 1945?
When did some theories develop that could have a positive effect on economic development?
What were savings by the wealthy thought to offset?
What did a 2013 report on Nigeria suggest about growth?
How long does it take for effects to manifest as changes to economic development?
What did the IMF say longer growth spells were associated with?
What must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth?
The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction can depend on what?
Along with the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, what is the other major factor in poverty reduction?
What organization does Ban Ki-Moon belong to?
What does Ban Ki-Moon believe economic growth is not sufficient for?
What is held outside of the formal or legal property ownership registration system?
How is much unregistered property held in informal form?
What type of ownership is excessive bureaucratic red tape?
How many steps can it take to build on government land in some countries?
In some countries it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on what?
What does David Rodda, Jacob Vigdor and Janna Matlack argue is caused by income inequality?
What decreased as the demand for higher quality housing increased?
Why did the number of quality rental units decrease between 1984 and 1991?
What did landlords find in East New York during the gentrification of older neighbourhoods?
What policy caused a shortage of affordable housing in the US?
Who shares the costs of housing, pensions, education and health care?
What are lower income people worse equipped to manage?
What describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts?
How can middle income earners achieve their aspiration?
What is the result of taking on debt?
The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is what?
What is the main cause of the increase in environmental degradation?
The smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created, resulting in many cases, what?
What is the reason for the decrease in waste and pollution?
What do socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to?
What is the result of private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners?
The vast majority of the population is dependent on income in the form of what?
What should the means of production be owned?
What do socialists believe income differentials should be?
Who argued that government redistributes wealth by force?
What type of government redistributes wealth by force?
How does government redistribute wealth?
What did Nozick believe some modern economic inequalities were the result of?
How are inequalities in the distribution of wealth justified?
What is the term for income inequality and poverty?
Economic growth and income are considered a means to an end rather than what?
What is the goal of the capabilities approach?
How is the goal towiden people's choices and the level of their achieved well-being?
What is an agency?
What happens when a person's capabilities are lowered?
An old, ill man cannot do what?
What may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home?
Why are people prevented from going to work?
What can a person work towards when their capabilities are lowered?
Who produced Doctor Who?
When was the first series of Doctor Who produced?
What is the name of the sentient time-travelling space ship?
What does the exterior of the TARDIS appear as?
What genre is Doctor Who?
When did Doctor Who originally run?
Who was the showrunner and head writer for the first five years of its revival?
What was the name of the first series of Doctor Who?
Who produced Doctor Who in-house?
Who starred in the first series of Doctor Who?
How many actors have headlined the series as the Doctor?
Who played the Doctor in the 2013 Christmas special?
What is the name of the TV show in which the Doctor takes on a new body?
When does the regeneration of the Doctor occur?
What happens after sustaining an injury which would be fatal to most other species?
What planet did The Doctor flee from?
What device did The Doctor use to travel across time and space?
What is the name of the time machine that allows the Doctor to travel across time and space?
What does the TARDIS have that allows it to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise?
Why is the Doctor's TARDIS fixed as a blue British Police box?
How often does the Doctor travel alone?
Who is another renegade Time Lord?
What can the Doctor do when his body is mortally damaged?
Who are the Doctor's companions?
What does the Doctor have the ability to regenerate when his body is mortally damaged?
When did Doctor Who first appear on BBC TV?
What was the name of the second Doctor Who serial?
Why was The Mutants rejected?
Who wrote the first script for The Mutants?
How long was each episode of Doctor Who supposed to be?
How many seasons did the BBC produce Doctor Who?
Who was the controller of BBC 1 in 1989?
What was the name of the documentary produced by Sophie Aldred?
What did the BBC vow to do with the 27th series of Doctor Who?
What channel was Doctor Who broadcast on in 1990?
What did the BBC hope to find an independent production company to do?
Who was a British expatriate who worked for Columbia Pictures' television arm?
On what network was the first Doctor Who television film broadcast?
How many viewers did the film attract in the UK?
Where did Philip Segal work for Columbia Pictures?
What was the name of the episode on which Doctor Who returned in 2005?
When did Doctor Who return to BBC One?
When was the last full series of Doctor Who filmed?
Who will replace Moffat after the 2017 finale?
What type of shows have been shown every year since 2005?
When was the original Doctor Who series?
What version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963-1989 series?
In what year was the 2005 version of Doctor Who released?
What other series relaunches have been reboots?
What was the 1988 version of Doctor Who similar to?
When did the first episode of The Great Gatsby air?
How long did it take for the first episode to go out?
How long was the first episode delayed?
What event caused the delay in the broadcast of the first episode?
What caused the delay in the broadcast of the first episode?
What phrase is associated with Doctor Who?
Who named their exhibition "Behind the Sofa"?
What was the name of the Museum of the Moving Image's exhibition celebrating Doctor Who?
What did Digital Spy call Doctor Who in 2011?
Who called Doctor Who the "scariest TV show of all time"?
Which show was the most violent in 1972?
What percentage of the surveyed audience thought Doctor Who was unsuitable for family viewing?
Who said that Doctor Who was the most violent of drama programmes?
What was the most violent Doctor Who show in 1972?
Where did Philip Howard publish the survey?
What image has become firmly linked to the show?
What design did the BBC use in merchandising associated with Doctor Who?
What was Coburn's idea of a police box?
Who filed an objection to the trade mark claim?
In what year did the Patent Office rule in favor of the BBC?
How many seasons did Doctor Who originally run on BBC One?
When did Doctor Who end on BBC One?
How many episodes did The Daleks' Master Plan air?
What was the name of the Time Lord that the Doctor battled in season 8?
What was the name of the first series of Doctor Who?
When did the serial format change?
How long were the episodes in the 2005 revival?
When was the extended episode broadcast on TCM?
What was the name of the first series that exceeded an hour in length?
In what year did The Eleventh Hour air?
How many Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963?
What is the most common format for Doctor Who episodes?
How many Christmas specials have been televised since 1963?
How long is one of the Doctor Who Christmas specials?
In what year was the fourth Doctor Who mini-episode produced?
Who were the first two Doctors on Doctor Who?
Between 1964 and 1978, how many episodes were destroyed?
Which seasons of Doctor Who are missing from the BBC's archives?
When did the practice of wiping tapes and destroying "spare" film copies stop?
When were large amounts of older material stored in the BBC's various video tape and film libraries destroyed?
What did other countries do to some of the Lost episodes?
Who made early colour videotape recordings for the BBC?
Along with Marco Polo and The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve, what episode has been returned to the BBC?
What type of film has been used to record early episodes of the show?
Where do Audio versions of all of the lost episodes exist?
Who released official reconstructions of The Reign of Terror on VHS?
What animation studio did the BBC partner with to reconstruct The Reign of Terror?
When was The Invasion released?
What animation company animated The Reign of Terror?
When was The Reign of Terror released?
What concept was introduced to allow the recasting of the main character?
When was the term regeneration first conceived?
What prompted the idea of regeneration?
What did Hartnell's Doctor say he was undergoing?
What did the Second Doctor undergo?
How many times can a Time Lord regenerate?
How many incarnations did The Time of the Doctor have?
What was the name of the episode that showed the Doctor acquiring a new cycle of regenerations?
Which two serials were the first to show that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times?
In what year was The Time of the Doctor released?
Who guest starred as a hitherto unknown incarnation of the Doctor?
What was the 50th anniversary special of The War Doctor?
Who played the Valeyard in The Trial of a Time Lord?
What was the name of the 1986 series that featured the War Doctor?
Whose characters were featured in The Night of the Doctor?
Who did John Hurt play in The Day of the Doctor?
In what 1973 episode did William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton appear alongside Jon Pertwee?
Who did Troughton and Pertwee star with in 1983's The Five Doctors?
What is the name of the story in which the first Doctor encounters himself?
What was the name of the 50th anniversary episode of The Three Doctors?
Who starred in The Sirens of Time?
What audio drama was released in 2003?
Who starred in the audio drama The Sirens of Time?
Who starred in The Sirens of Time?
In what year was the audio drama Zagreus released?
In the 2013 episode of The Brain of Morbius, what was the name of the first incarnation of the Doctor?
What was the name of the 1976 episode in which the First Doctor was shown as the earliest incarnation of the Doctor?
In what episode did the Fifth Doctor confirm that he was currently in his fifth incarnation?
In what episode did the Eleventh Doctor refer to himself as the earliest incarnation of the Doctor?
When was Mawdryn Undead?
What was the name of the first Doctor serial?
Who is the Doctor's granddaughter?
In what year was The Empty Child released?
What happened to the Doctor's home planet in An Unearthly Child?
In the 1967 serial, Tomb of the Cybermen, when Victoria Waterfield doubts the Doctor can remember his family because of being so ancient, the Doctor says, "The rest of the time they sleep in my mind."
What is the companion figure in Doctor Who?
What is the only story from the original series in which the Doctor travels alone?
Who were the first companions of the Doctor?
Along with Susan Foreman and Ian Chesterton, what was Barbara Wright's occupation?
What was the name of the Doctor's first companion?
Who is the primary companion of the Doctor?
Who were the primary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors?
Which Doctor was the first to travel with a married couple?
Who is the newest traveling companion for the Doctor?
Who is Donna Noble?
Who was the executive producer of Doctor Who in 2005?
When did the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness and Daleks appear in Doctor Who?
Who was introduced in series 2 of Doctor Who?
In what series did the Macra and the Master appear?
What was the name of the character introduced in the 50th anniversary Special?
What is the name of the Daleks?
The Daleks are Kaleds from what planet?
What is the main role of the Daleks in the series?
Who mutated the Daleks?
What is the main weakness of the Dalek race?
Who is the Doctor's archenemy?
Who is the Master's archenemy?
Who played the Master?
What was the original title of The Master?
Who was the first actor to play the Master?
Who played the Master in the 2007 episode "Utopia"?
When was the Master re-introduction in 2007?
When was the episode "Dark Water" aired?
What was the name of the female incarnation of the Master?
Who played the role of "Time Lady"?
Who composed the original theme?
Where was Delia Derbyshire from?
What techniques were used to create the parts of the theme?
At the end of what season was the theme tune played?
What did Grainer ask about the original theme?
Who recorded a different arrangement for season 18 of Doctor Who?
Who replaced the arrangement for the season-long serial The Trial of a Time Lord?
When did Keff McCulloch provide the new arrangement for the Doctor's era?
Who provided a new arrangement for Doctor Who in 2005?
What was the name of the Christmas episode that featured samples from the 1963 original?
What was the name of the 2007 Christmas special?
What radio station ranked the theme tune at number 228 in 2011?
What year did Gold return as composer for the Doctor's Christmas special?
At what number did the theme tune chart on Classic FM's Hall of Fame?
Who was the composer of the theme for the 2007 Christmas special?
Who recorded a version of the Doctor Who theme with spoken lyrics?
What band released a disco version of the theme in 1978?
What number did the band Mankind reach in the UK charts in 1978?
What was the name of the single released by The Timelords in 1988?
What was the name of the single released by The Timelords in 1988?
Who was the most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years?
What was the first Doctor Who score?
During what years did Simpson write music for Doctor Who?
What was Dudley Simpson's first Doctor Who score?
In what film did Dudley Simpson appear as a Music hall conductor?
Who performed the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
Who performed the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
When was the first Doctor Who Prom held?
What was the name of the episode that featured the BBC National Orchestra of Wales?
Who composed the incidental music for the 2005 revived series?
How many soundtrack releases have been released since 2005?
The first featured tracks from what series?
What did the fourth series contain?
What was the name of the 2010 Christmas special?
When was the soundtrack for Series 5 released?
What was reused for the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor"?
What was the name of the logo used in the 50th anniversary special?
What was the primary logo used for the 50th anniversary special?
What was used for the Third Doctor's final season?
The 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor" took place during which Doctor's run?
The first episode of Doctor Who was repeated the day after what event?
Where has Doctor Who always appeared?
When did Doctor Who first appear on BBC One?
When was the "Dalekmania" period?
On what channel is the first episode of Doctor Who repeated?
When did the ratings peak at 16 million?
What was seen as poor at the time?
What was the most popular soap opera at the time?
What was Coronation Street?
When was the third notable period of high ratings for The Sun?
On what television station did The Five Doctors first appear?
In what country was Silver Nemesis broadcast on TVNZ?
Where is CITV located?
How long before the BBC One broadcast did The Five Doctors air?
When did The Five Doctors first appear on PBS?
Who runs The Five Doctors in Australia?
What did the ABC provide for the 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors?
What network has shown repeats of The Five Doctors since its closure?
What did the ABC do in 2003 for the show's 40th anniversary?
Where is the first run of The Five Doctors broadcast?
When was The Talons of Weng-Chiang picked up?
What was the name of the first series of The Talons of Weng-Chiang?
What Canadian cable channel aired The Talons of Weng-Chiang in 2009?
What was cancelled due to accusations that the story was racist?
Who was the writer of The Talons of Weng-Chiang?
Who recorded special video introductions for each episode?
What was played over the closing credits of the Canadian broadcast of Doctor Who?
What episode did Billie Piper record a special video introduction for?
When did CBC begin airing series two?
On what day did the CFL double header occur?
Where are Doctor Who serials available on DVD?
How many original series serials have been released on Laserdisc?
What episode of Doctor Who was released on VCD?
Which episode of Doctor Who was released in July 2013?
When was the last time Doctor Who was available on Blu-ray?
Who played the Doctor in The Seven Keys to Doomsday?
What was the name of the play played by Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker in the late 1980s?
What stage play did Terry Nation write in the late 1960s?
What two shows did Trevor Martin play the role of the Doctor?
Who played Cybermen?
What was the name of the Doctor Who spin-off series?
When did Torchwood: Miracle Day air?
When did the second series of Torchwood air?
What was the name of the fifth series of Torchwood?
What was the name of the fourth series of Torchwood?
Who starred in The Sarah Jane Adventures?
When did the full series of The Sarah Jane Adventures begin?
When did the third series of The Sarah Jane Adventures air?
In what year did the Eleventh Doctor appear?
Why was the fifth series of The Sarah Jane Adventures uncompleted?
What charity special was produced for Children in Need in 1993?
For what charity special was Dimensions in Time produced?
What soap opera was featured in a crossover with Dimensions in Time?
What did the Pulfrich effect require?
What did the 3D system make use of?
What special was released in 1999?
How many segments was the Doctor's special split into?
Who is the Doctor?
Who played the Doctor in the special?
What was Steven Moffat's role in the revival of Doctor Who?
Star Trek: The Next Generation is also known as what?
What two Family Guy episodes have references to Doctor Who?
What Channel 4 show featured the character of Vince as an avid Doctor Who fan?
Who is the main character on Coupling?
What is the name of the young adult fantasy novels that references Doctor Who?
What was the name of the first Doctor Who television story?
How long was the earliest Doctor Who audio released?
What was the first original Doctor Who audio released on LP record?
When was the first commercially available audiobook released?
What was the name of the first radio drama that was transmitted in 1988?
What were the earliest series of Doctor Who audios?
What was the name of the 2013 series that featured the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors?
Who has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD?
In what year did Big Finish release a series of Doctor Who audios?
When did Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor appear for Big Finish?
In what year were the first Doctor Who books published?
When were Doctor Who books published?
How long has the Doctor Who Magazine been published?
Who publishes the Doctor Who Magazine?
Who published the new range of Doctor Who books?
When was the Doctor Who character created by BBC Television?
Who created the Doctor Who character?
Who has expressed distaste for the idea of a Doctor Who character?
Who produces the actual television episodes of Doctor Who?
In what year did the show win the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series?
During what years did the show win the National Television Awards?
In what year did Matt Smith become the first Doctor to be nominated for a BAFTA Television Award?
Who was the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for the series?
What award did Michelle Gomez receive for her work as Missy?
Where is Doctor Who listed as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world?
Who was honored with an Institutional Peabody in 2013?
What type of music did Doctor Who use during its original run?
In what year did the Peabody Awards award Doctor Who with an InstitutionalPeabody?
What was the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama?
What season of Doctor Who won a Writers' Guild of Great Britain award in 1975?
Who was voted as the "Best Popular Drama" the corporation had ever produced?
Where was Doctor Who ranked in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century?
Who ranked Doctor Who first in a 2005 survey?
How many ratings heavy was EastEnders and Casualty?
What is the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated?
How many BAFTA TV Awards did Doctor Who win?
How many BAFTA Cymru Awards did Doctor Who win?
In what year was Doctor Who voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4?
What award did the episode "Vincent and the Doctor" win?
How many times has Doctor Who won the Hugo Award?
How many awards has Doctor Who been nominated for?
How many times has Doctor Who won the Hugo Award?
Who starred in the 2012 National Television awards?
What is the name of the show that won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation in 2010?
Who is a Dalek in Doctor Who's bathroom?
Who impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead Ringers series?
What does Milligan hurl at the bathroom?
What has been lampooned on Saturday Night Live and The Chaser's War on Everything?
Jon Culshaw frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in what series?
What is the University of Chicago?
When was the University of Chicago established?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many academic divisions does the University of Chicago have?
How many students attend the University of Chicago?
What has the University of Chicago scholars played a major role in the development of?
Who helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction?
Where did the first man-made self-sustaining nuclear reaction occur?
What is the largest university press in the US?
When is the Barack Obama Presidential Center projected to be completed?
Who founded the University of Chicago?
Who was the wealthiest man in history?
Who was the University of Chicago's first president?
When did William Rainey Harper become the university's first president?
When were the first classes held at the University of Chicago?
Who donated land to the University of Chicago?
Who provided the funds for the first building?
What was the name of the first building built at the University of Chicago?
How much money did Marshall Field donate to the University of Chicago?
Who was the Trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Commons?
Who did the University of Chicago affiliate with in the 1890s?
In what year did the University of Chicago affiliate with Shimer College?
What did the University of Chicago agree to do to any graduating senior from an affiliated school?
What happened to the program in 1910?
When did the University of Chicago end its affiliation with Shimer College?
Who was the fifth president of Northwestern?
What was the undergraduate college's liberal-arts curriculum called?
Why did Hutchins eliminate varsity football from Northwestern?
How long did Hutchins serve as president of Northwestern?
When did Hutchins take office?
When did student applications decline in the Hyde Park neighborhood?
Why did student applications decline in the early 1950s?
When were students able to transfer automatically to the University of Chicago?
In what neighborhood did the University of Chicago sponsor a controversial urban renewal project?
What did the early entrant program do?
When did students occupy President George Beadle's office?
What was the topic of the Kalven Report?
When was the Kalven Report issued?
What was the Kalven Report?
What did the Kalven Report state that a university must sustain an extraordinary environment of freedom of inquiry and maintain an independence from political fashions?
When was the Milton Friedman Institute established?
What institute did the University of Chicago announce in 2008?
How much will the Milton Friedman Institute cost?
The Milton Friedman Institute will occupy the buildings of what college?
Who donated $300 million to the Booth School of Business?
What are the first buildings of the University of Chicago campus known as?
How many quadrangles are in the Main Quadrangles?
Who designed the buildings of the Main Quadrangles?
What is theMitchell Tower modeled after?
What is the name of the building in Hutchinson Hall?
When did the Gothic style on campus begin to give way to modern styles?
Who designed the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle?
For what school was the building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for?
What is the name of the building built by Edward Durrell Stone?
When was the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle built?
Where is the Booth School of Business located?
The Center in Paris is located on the left bank of what river?
In what year did the University of Chicago open a center in Beijing?
What university is located in Haidian District?
When did the Booth School of Business open?
Who governs the University of Chicago?
How many members are on the Board of Trustees?
How many Vice Presidents does the University of Chicago have?
Who is the Chairman of the Board of Trustees?
Who is the President of Northwestern?
Who is the University of Chicago accredited by?
How many divisions of graduate research does the University of Chicago have?
How many professional schools does the University of Chicago have?
How many academic majors does the College of the University of Chicago grant?
How many minors does the College of the University of Chicago grant?
How many divisions are there at the University of Chicago?
What division of the University of Chicago administers interdisciplinary majors and studies that do not fit in one of the other four divisions?
What is the core curriculum of the University of Chicago?
In 2012-2013, how many students were required to take the Core courses at Chicago?
What type of learning experience does the University of Chicago offer?
Who said that Chicago's Core classes are the most rigorous?
What is the name of the private day school for K-12 students?
What is the name of the residential treatment program for those with behavioral and emotional problems?
How many public charter schools are located on the South Side of Chicago?
How many public charter schools are located on the South Side of Chicago?
Where is the Hyde Park Day School located?
How many libraries are in the University of Chicago Library system?
How many volumes are in the John Crerar Library?
What is the main library of the University of Chicago?
When was the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library built?
How many volumes does the John Crerar Library contain?
How many research institutes does Northwestern operate?
How many research centers does Northwestern operate on its campus?
What is a museum and research center for Near Eastern studies owned and operated by the university?
What particle physics laboratory does the University of Chicago have a joint stake in?
Where is the Apache Point Observatory located?
What has the University of Chicago played an important role in?
What was the name of the first self-sustained man-made nuclear reaction?
What is the name of the chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth?
When was the Chicago Pile-1 discovered?
When did the University of Chicago offer a doctorate in music composition?
When did the UChicago Arts program offer a master of fine arts in visual arts?
When did the UChicago Arts program open?
When did the UChicago Arts program open?
How many major and non-major undergraduates attend the UChicago Arts program?
How many students attended the University of Chicago in the fall quarter of 2014?
How many students were in the four graduate divisions of the University of Chicago in the fall of 2014?
How many students attended the University of Chicago's professional schools in the fall of 2014?
How many students attended the University of Chicago in the fall of 2014?
What comprised almost 19% of the overall study body in the 2012 Spring Quarter?
What does UAA stand for?
What division do the Chicago Maroons compete in?
What league was Chicago a founding member of?
Who was the first winner of the Heisman Trophy?
What caused the University of Chicago to withdraw from the conference in 1946?
How many RSOs does the University of Chicago run?
What are RSOs?
What is a notable extracurricular group at the University of Chicago?
What is the longest continuously running student film society at the University of Chicago?
What is the second oldest improvisational theater troupe at the University of Chicago?
Who makes up the Student Government?
What is the leader of the Student Government?
How many Vice Presidents are there at the University of Chicago?
What is the annual budget of the University of Chicago?
How many fraternities are at the University of Chicago?
How many sororities are at the University of Chicago?
What co-ed community service fraternity is at the University of Chicago?
What co-ed community service fraternity is at the University of Chicago?
How many fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council?
When is the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt held?
When was the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt held?
What does FOTA stand for?
What is the name of the winter festival held at the University of Chicago?
What is the name of the summer carnival and concert held at the University of Chicago?
Who is the Microsoft CEO?
Who is the third richest man in America?
Who is the third richest man in America?
What former governor of New Jersey graduated from Yale?
Who was the author of the first management accounting textbook?
Who was the founder of modern community organizing?
Who was a top political advisor to Bill Clinton?
What federal judge graduated from Washington University?
Who was the Governor of the Bank of Japan?
Who was a Prohibition agent?
Who wrote the New York Times bestseller "The Closing of the American Mind"?
Who is a notable American writer and satirist?
Who is the author of the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall?
Who wrote 'The Good War'?
Who is a Pulitzer Prize winning novelist?
Who is a notable minimalist composer?
Who is the creator of the Halo video game series?
What video game series was created by Alex Seropian?
Which actor graduated from Yale?
Along with Philip Kaufman and Carl Van Vechten, who is a notable film director and screenwriter?
Who is a prominent contributor to the scientific research of extraterrestrial life?
What NASA astronaut graduated from BYU?
Who is a popular environmentalist?
Who is a notable lithium-ion battery developer?
What geochemist is a graduate of Washington University?
Who is a notable Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner?
Who is a Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?
Which anthropologists discovered the fossil of a female hominid australopithecine known as Lucy?
Who was a chess grandmaster?
Who was the White House Coordinator of Security Planning for the National Security Council?
Who created the speed of light calculator?
Who was the creator of the first nuclear reactor?
Who was the father of the hydrogen bomb?
Who was "one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century"?
Who was the second female Nobel laureate?
Who is a notable Egyptologist?
Who is a notable mathematician at Washington University?
Which meteorologist has been a member of the faculty at Washington University?
Who is a Nobel Prize winner?
Who are cancer researchers?
Who is the current governor of India's central bank?
What company did Hank Paulson work for?
Who is a Shakespeare scholar at Washington University?
Who are two notable political scientists at Washington University?
What paleontologists are currently at Washington University?
What is another name for the Yuan dynasty?
What was the official name of the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
Who established the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan officially proclaim the Yuan dynasty?
The Yuan dynasty is considered to be a successor to what empire?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
What dynasty preceded the Yuan dynasty?
Who was the official founder of the Yuan dynasty?
When did Kublai Khan impose the name Great Yuan?
In what section did Kublai Khan impose the name Great Yuan?
What did Kublai Khan call the Yuan dynasty?
What does the term "Yeke Mongghul Ulus" mean?
What did Kublai Khan call the Yuan?
Who did Genghis Khan unite?
When did Genghis Khan become Great Khan?
Who was the third son of Genghis Khan?
When did Möngke Khan become Great Khan?
Who was Kublai?
Who did many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
Who commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army?
How many troops did each Tumen have?
How many Tumens did Liu Heima command?
What ethnicity was Shi Tianze?
Where did Shi Tianze live?
What type of marriage was common during the Jin dynasty?
Who was Shi Tianze's father?
Who was Shi Tianze's father?
Who started a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty in southern China?
Where did Kublai begin a military campaign against the Chinese Song dynasty?
When did Kublai die?
Who was Kublai's brother?
What name did Kublai adopt?
Who was Kaidu's grandson?
Where did the Song dynasty remain an obstacle?
Who was the hostage prince of Korea?
Which border did Kublai secure in 1259?
When did the revolt against the Mongol rule occur?
What was the compromise between Kublai and his Chinese advisers?
What did Kublai leave unchanged?
Who was the lowest rank in the Yuan society?
How many classes did Kublai divide Yuan society into?
What did Kublai maintain monopolies on?
Where did Kublai move the Mongol capital from?
Where did Kublai move the Mongol capital in 1264?
When did Kublai move the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq?
What was the former Jurchen capital?
What rituals did Kublai follow?
What type of growth did Kublai Khan promote?
What was Pax Mongolica?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal?
Where did Kublai expand the Grand Canal?
Who wrote the most influential European account of Yuan China?
Who did the Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou flee with?
When did the Jin dynasty end?
When did the Jin dynasty end?
Who was Kong Duanyou's brother?
How many Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou's descendants lived in Quzhou?
Where did Kublai strengthen his government?
When did Kublai siege Xiangyang?
What did Kublai want to capture?
What was the wealthiest city of China in 1276?
What happened to the last Song emperor?
When did Kublai's government face financial difficulties?
Why did Kublai's second invasion of Japan fail?
Who did the Tran dynasty rule?
What battle did the Tran dynasty defeat the Mongols?
When was the Battle of Bạch Đằng?
When was the conquest of Dali?
Who did Kublai originally name as the Crown Prince?
When did Zhenjin die?
Who was Temür Khan?
When did Temür Khan rule?
Who was the fourth Yuan emperor?
What was Buyantu Khan the first Yuan emperor to do?
Who mentored Buyantu Khan?
What did Buyantu Khan liquidate?
When was the traditional imperial examinations reintroduced for prospective officials?
Who was Ayurbarwada's son and successor?
When did Gegeen Khan rule?
Who was the newly appointed grand chancellor?
What does Da Yuan Tong Zhi mean?
How many princes were involved in the coup?
Where did Yesün Temür die?
What was the civil war against Ragibagh known as?
How long did Tugh Temür rule?
Who recalled Tugh Temür to Khanbaliq?
Who was recalled to Khanbaliq when Yesün Temür died?
What is Tugh Temür known for?
What did Tugh Temür founding in the spring of 1329?
When was the Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature established?
What was the name of Tugh Temür's institutional compendium?
What was Tugh Temür known for?
When did Tugh Temür die?
Who was Rinchinbal?
When did Tugh Temür die?
How many successors did Toghun Temür have?
What dynasties did Toghun Temür finish?
What were the final years of the Yuan dynasty marked by?
Why did the Mongols lose influence in China?
Who were the Yuan dynasty separated from?
What happened to China during the final years of the Yuan dynasty?
What was Kublai Khan uninterested in?
When did the Red Turban Rebellion begin?
What started and grew into a nationwide uprising in 1351?
Why did Toghun Temür dismiss him in 1354?
Who did Toghtogha crush in 1354?
What years did Toghun Temür rule?
What promoted trade between East and West?
What produced a fair amount of cultural exchange during the Yuan dynasty?
Who was the ally of the Yuan dynasty?
What were some of the cultural achievements during the Yuan dynasty?
What type of musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts?
What religions enjoyed a period of toleration?
What religion was banned by the Yuan?
What governmental practices were reinstated by the Yuan?
What fields were developed during this period?
Who was the most famous traveler of the period?
Where was the capital of the Great Khan?
What is Il milione known in English as?
What was the name of Marco Polo's account of his travels?
How did Marco Polo acquire much of his knowledge?
Who helped the Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar?
What was the accuracy of the lunisolar calendar?
What did the Yuan do to protect against famines?
What city was rebuilt with new palace grounds?
What did Guo Shoujing help reform?
Who ruled all of China during the Yuan dynasty?
What do Mongols worship?
Who ruled all of China during the Yuan dynasty?
Who ruled all of China during the Yuan dynasty?
What does the traditional Mongolian ideology think of the Yuan dynasty?
Who were some of the cultures in the empire?
Where did the Chinese-style elements of the bureaucracy come from?
Who were the Chinese advisers to Kublai Khan?
What type of government was the Central Secretariat?
What did the Chinese tripartite division of authority occur among?
Where did the real military authority in Yuan times reside?
When were the Six Ministries introduced?
Who had separate courts of justice?
What was the insignificance of the Six Ministries?
When was the Phags-pa script invented?
What languages were written in the Phags-pa script?
How did most of the Emperors speak Chinese?
Who ruled until the end of the dynasty?
Who was Tugh Temur?
By what year were commoners selling their children into slavery?
When did Kublai forbade the sale of Mongols?
What did the Mongol garrison family get from their rural leisure?
What were some important developments in the arts during the Yuan era?
What are some of the important arts in the Yuan era?
What dynasty was associated with the Yuan dynasty?
What was the main development during the Yuan era?
What type of variety show was developed during the Yuan dynasty?
What type of khanates did Kublai Khan belong to?
What did Kublai Khan favor?
What was the de facto state religion during the Yuan dynasty?
What was the top-level department and government agency in the Yuan dynasty?
What sect of Buddhism did Kublai Khan prefer?
When was Zhu Shijie born?
When did Zhu Shijie die?
What are the rectangular array of coefficients equivalent to?
What did mathematicians use to solve simultaneous equations with up to four unknowns?
When was the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns written?
What did Guo Shoujing do?
What did Gou derive for his astronomical calculations?
What was the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty?
What is another name for the Shoushi Li?
When was the Shoushi Li disseminated?
Who were otachi and traditional Mongol shamans?
What did the Mongols call otachi doctors?
What was otachi doctors' use of herbal remedies distinguished from?
What did Kublai create to manage medical treatises?
Why were Confucian scholars attracted to the medical profession?
How many schools were based on the same intellectual foundation?
What did the Yuan inherit from the Jin dynasty?
How did Chinese medicine spread to other parts of the empire?
What Chinese medical techniques were transmitted westward to the Middle East?
When did Wei Yilin die?
What was another name for huihui?
Who founded the Office of Western Medicine?
When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?
Why did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
What philosophy did Chinese physicians oppose Western medicine?
How was Chinese printing technology transferred to the Mongols?
What Yuan document was printed with earthenware movable type?
When was earthenware movable type invented?
Who was the name of Ögedei's wife?
When was the Imperial Library Directorate created?
What was the name of the paper money of the Yuan?
What was the chao made from?
When did the Yuan switch to bronze plates?
What did the Yuan use to print paper money?
When did the Il-khanate government issue paper money?
What was the result of the compromise between the Mongols and Semuren?
What was the result of the compromise between Mongols and Semuren?
Who were the Mongols and Semuren?
What coloration did the Yuan regime have?
Where did the Mongols and Semuren live?
Who did the Mongols hire to serve as administrators in China?
Who did the Mongols send to oversee the Muslim population in Bukhara?
Where were the Han Chinese moved?
What were the Han Chinese employed as?
Who was the Mongol appointed Governor of Samarqand?
What were some policies of the Yuan Emperors that discriminated against Muslims?
What practice did the Yuan Emperors restrict for Jews?
Who was the founder of the Ming dynasty?
What did the Chinese surname "barracks" mean?
Who revolted against the Yuan dynasty?
Who wrote that the term "social classes" was misleading?
What did the term "social classes" mean?
Who were the "social classes"?
What did the Mongol and Semu do?
What class was ranked higher by the rank of Southern Chinese?
The Northern Chinese were ranked higher than what other class?
Why were Southern Chinese ranked lower?
Why were people placed in a certain class?
What was the reason for the order of the classes in a certain class?
Who did the Mongols place at the court of Qocho?
Who was the Uighur King of Qocho ranked higher than?
Who objected to the placement of the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans?
What did Kublai Khan say about the Uighurs?
What was considered the most important region of the dynasty?
Who controlled the Central Region?
Where was the Central Secretariat located?
Where is Khanbaliq located?
What was another name for the Central Secretariat?
Where is Kenya located?
What does EAC stand for?
What is the largest city in Kenya?
What country borders Kenya to the south?
What is the population of Kenya?
What type of climate does Kenya have?
What is the climate like in the savannah grasslands around Nairobi?
What mountain in Kenya has snow permanently on its peaks?
What countries border the north-eastern regions?
What is Kenya known for?
When was the African Great Lakes region inhabited by humans?
When did the Bantu expansion reach the area?
What populations make up 97% of the population in Kenya?
When did European exploration of the interior begin?
When did Kenya gain independence?
What is the Republic of Kenya named after?
What words mean "God's resting place" in all three languages?
What do the Kirenyaa and Kiinyaa mean in all three languages?
What names didwig Krapf use?
What did Krapf use as the name of the country?
Who drew an 1882 map that indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia?
When did the name Mt. Kenya become widely accepted?
What is the name of the game animals in Africa?
What are the "Big Five" game animals of Africa?
Where are the "Big Five" game animals of Africa located?
When does the annual animal migration occur?
How far do the "Big Five" game animals migrate?
How long ago did primates roamed the area?
When did early hominids live in Kenya?
Who discovered the Turkana Boy?
How old was the Turkana Boy?
Who discovered the Turkana Boy?
Who built Mombasa into a major port city?
What city did the Swahili build into a major port city?
Which Portuguese voyager claimed that Mombasa has a good harbour?
Which coast has played host to many merchants and explorers?
What is the largest city on the Kenyan coast?
When did Malindi become an important Swahili settlement?
When was the outbreak of World War I?
Who agreed to a truce at the outbreak of World War I?
Who took command of the German military forces?
What did von Lettow conduct during World War I?
Where did von Lettow surrender?
What area was already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people?
How did the Kikuyu people live?
What did the settlers do to protect their interests?
How many white settlers lived in Kenya in the 1950s?
When was the capture of Warũhiũ Itote?
What was the result of the capture of Warũhiũ Itote?
When did Operation Anvil open?
How many Mau Mau were killed by the Home Guard?
What was the most important of the changes to land tenure?
When did the first direct elections for native Kenyans take place?
Who formed a government?
When did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya each end?
In what year did the Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya come to an end?
What was the name given to Kenya when it became a republic?
What was the mlolongo system?
What did the mlolongo system lead to?
Who won re-election in 1988?
What is Kenya?
Who is the President of Kenya?
How is Executive power exercised in Kenya?
Who is the Legislative power vested in?
Who is independent of the executive and the legislature?
How does Kenya rank on Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index?
What does the CPI attempt to do?
Where does Kenya rank in the CPI?
What does EACC stand for?
What party did Kibaki belong to?
What opposition party did Kibaki run against?
What was the result of the election?
Who was the ODM's candidate?
What did the government and civil society organisations do after the election riots?
What organization initiated community dialogues?
What church in Kenya started peace meetings?
What was started after the election riots?
When did Kibaki and Odinga sign an agreement?
What position would Odinga become in Kenya?
Who would the president appoint cabinet ministers from?
How would the president appoint cabinet ministers?
How long would the coalition hold?
What is the new office of the PM?
Who were the two leaders that brought together the former rivals to the signing ceremony?
Where was the signing ceremony held?
When was the power-sharing agreement signed?
What is the grand coalition?
What was the purpose of a constitutional change?
When was the referendum to vote on the proposed constitution held?
What did the new constitution do?
When was the new constitution promulgated?
What was the new constitution heralding?
When was the Security Laws Amendment Bill passed?
Why was the Security Laws Amendment Bill passed?
Who criticized the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What did the Western countries feel about the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
Which countries condemned the Security Laws Amendment Bill?
What happened in Kenya in 2013?
Who refused to visit Kenya during the mid-2013 African trip?
What country did Kenyatta visit in 2013?
When did Obama visit Kenya?
Where are the armed forces regularly deployed?
What was the result of the national elections of December 2007?
What have there been serious allegations of?
Who has been tainted by corruption allegations?
Why has Kenya's armed forces been tainted by corruption?
What happened in Kenya in 2010?
What has been questioned in Kenya?
What is the HDI of Kenya?
What is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa?
What did 17.7% of Kenyans live on in 2005?
What is Kenya usually classified as?
What has boosted East and Central Africa's service sector?
What is an important catalyst of economic growth?
What is the smallest sector in East and Central Africa?
What does the unreliable agricultural sector employ?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP is made up of tourism?
What is Kenya's services sector dominated by?
What has Kenya's tourism sector exhibited in most years since independence?
What are the main attractions for tourists in Kenya?
Who are the largest number of tourists in Kenya?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP was agriculture in 2005?
What are the principal cash crops in Kenya?
What is the second largest contributor to Kenya's gross domestic product?
Why is the production of major food staples such as corn subject to sharp fluctuations?
Who led the consortium that helped farmers grow pigeon pea varieties?
Why are pigeon pea varieties more drought resistant?
How did the commercialization of legumes help farmers?
What has the ICRISAT helped increase local producer prices by?
What has the commercialization of the pigeon pea done for farmers?
Where are tea, coffee, sisal, pyrethrum, corn, and wheat grown?
What crops are grown in the fertile highlands?
Where does Livestock predominate in Kenya?
What percentage of the population lives below the poverty line?
What is one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa?
What is the most industrially developed country in the African Great Lakes region?
What percentage of Kenya's GDP is made up of manufacturing?
What are the three largest urban centres in Kenya?
What does the Jua Kali engage in?
What has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years?
When did the AGOA take effect?
Where does the largest share of Kenya's electricity come from?
What dams are located in the west of Kenya?
When was the Kenya Electricity Generating Company established?
Where has Kenya proven deposits of oil?
What is the estimate of Kenya's oil reserves?
What is continuing to determine if there are more reserves in Kenya?
What percentage of the national import bill does Kenya's oil accounts for?
How much did China's investment in Kenya reach in 2012?
What does China's investment in Kenya represent?
What did China hope to gain from Kenya?
What was the name of the company that shipped the first major consignment of minerals to China?
What did Liu Guangyuan say China was causing?
What is the name of the economic development programme that the Kenyan government hopes will put the country in the same league as the Asian Economic Tigers?
What is Vision 2030?
What did Kenya launch in 2013?
Why did the government launch the National Climate Change Action Plan?
What did the Secretary of the Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030 say would be a central issue in the renewed Medium Term Plan?
Where are most working children active?
What percentage of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution?
What age are most of the prostitutes in Kenya?
What are the causes of child labour in Kenya?
How do the people of Kenya speak their mother tongues?
What are the two official languages of Kenya?
Where is English widely spoken?
Where is British English primarily used?
What is the majority of Kenyans?
What religion do 47.7% of Kenyans identify as?
How many followers does the Presbyterian Church of East Africa have?
Where is the only Jewish synagogue in Kenya?
What percentage of Kenya's Muslim population is nonreligious?
What percentage of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region?
What is the main religion in the Western areas of Kenya?
How many Hindus live in Kenya's Coastal Region?
Who treat 80% of the population who visit dispensaries, health centres and private clinics?
Nurses treat 80% of the population who visit dispensaries, health centres and private clinics in rural and under-served urban areas?
How many qualified nurses were registered in Kenya in 2011?
How many doctors are in Kenya?
What directly correlates with a country's economic performance and wealth distribution?
What percentage of Kenyans live below the poverty level?
What are the biggest burden in Kenya?
What are the main causes of the deaths in Kenya?
How many cases of malaria were there in Kenya in 2006?
Who introduced Kenya's first system of education?
When was Kenya's independence?
What was the name of Kenya's first education authority?
What did the Ominde Commission focus on?
What did the Ominde Commission adopt between 1964 and 1985?
What was the Presidential Working Party on the Second University commissioned to do in 1981?
What did the committee recommend that the 7-4-2-3 system be changed to?
What did the committee recommend that the 7-4-2-3 system be changed to?
When did the last batch of students from the former system graduate from Kenyan Universities?
When was the 8-4-4 system launched?
What did the 8-4-4 system put more emphasis on?
Why did the 8-4-4 system put more emphasis on vocational subjects?
When did the Government of Kenya announce the introduction of free primary education?
How much has primary school enrolment increased?
At what age does basic formal education start?
How many years does basic formal education last?
What are the options for those who complete high school and go directly to the university?
What are the options for students who complete high school?
What is the literacy level in the country?
What age does Preschool target?
What is a key requirement for admission to Standard One?
Who does the KCPE determine?
What does KCPE stand for?
What does KNLS stand for?
What is KNLS mandated to do?
What is a public library seen as?
Why is a public library seen as a peoples university?
What sports are active in Kenya?
What is Kenya known for?
Who continue to dominate the world of distance running?
Who has reduced Kenya's dominance in distance running?
How many medals did Kenya win during the Beijing Olympics?
What did Kenya become in 2008?
What did Pamela Jelimo win?
What has caused controversy in Kenyan athletics?
What are some reasons for the defections of Kenyan athletes?
What sport has Kenya been a dominant force in?
What is the most successful team sport in Kenya?
In what year did Kenya reach the semi-finals of the ICC Cricket World Cup?
Who is the current captain of Kenya's women's volleyball team?
When was Kenya's women's volleyball team suspended?
What is one of the toughest rallies in the world?
What is the Safari Rally commonly acknowledged as?
Who are some of the best rally drivers in the world?
How many meals do Kenyans typically have?
What do Kenyans have in between their meals?
What is the typical breakfast in Kenya?
What is eaten by much of the population for lunch or supper?
What organization is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change under?
Who established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?
What is the goal of the UNFCCC?
What treaty does the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change support?
What Resolution endorsed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change?
Who is the chair of the IPCC since October 8, 2015?
What nationality is Hoesung Lee?
Who is the vice-Chair of the IPCC?
Who was the chair of the IPCC in 1988?
When did Rajendra K. Pachauri resign?
Who is the IPCC Panel composed of?
How many government officials attended the 2003 meeting?
Who attended the 2003 meeting?
How many of the participants were from governmental organizations?
When was the IPCC Trust Fund established?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
Who established the IPCC Trust Fund?
What is the IPCC Trust Fund required to comply with?
The WMO is a part of what organization?
What does the IPCC do?
What do Lead authors of IPCC reports assess?
What does thegrey literature refer to?
What are examples of non-peer-reviewed sources?
How many "coordinating lead authors" are in a chapter?
How many lead authors are in a chapter?
How many "contributing authors" are there?
Who is responsible for assembling the contributions of the other authors?
Who do the coordinating lead authors report to?
What does the WG I Summary for Policymakers say humans are doing to the greenhouse gases?
What does the WG I Summary for Policymakers say emissions from human activities are likely to result in on average?
How much of the enhanced greenhouse effect has CO2 been responsible for?
Under what scenario does the WG I Summary for Policymakers predict that global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade?
What did the WG I Summary for Policymakers say the global mean surface air temperature has done over the last 100 years?
When did the 16 national science academies make a joint statement on climate change?
Who issued a joint statement on climate change in 2001?
The Royal Flemish Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society of Belgium for Science and the Arts made a joint statement with the Australian Academy of what?
According to the TAR, how much certainty is there that temperatures will continue to rise?
What was the joint statement made by the Australian Academy of Science and the Royal Society of Canada?
Who is an IPCC author?
What does the WGI Summary for Policymakers do?
Who was a co-chair of TAR WGI?
Who was John Houghton?
What does Lindzen believe should be supported by changes to the SPM?
What does the preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follow?
In what year was the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
In what year was the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation finalized?
How were the Special Reports prepared?
What two organizations are required under the UNFCCC?
What are factors used to derive emissions estimates based on the levels of fuel consumption and industrial production?
What are the factors used to derive emissions estimates based on?
The IPCC concentrates on the tasks allotted to it by whom?
What did the IPCC acknowledge was incorrect?
What did the IPCC express regret for?
Which report misquoted the date of 2035?
What ICSI report misquoted the date of 2035?
What position did Robert Watson hold?
What did Robert Watson think the mistakes in the IPCC were doing?
What position did Martin Parry hold?
What did Martin Parry say was a clamour without substance?
What did former IPCC chairman Robert Watson say about the other alleged mistakes?
When was the "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction" based on?
Who created the "hockey stick graph"?
What was the third assessment report called?
What reconstructions supported the MBH99 finding?
When was the current warming period exceptional in comparison to temperatures?
Who held a press event on Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C., in May 2000?
Where was Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project held a press event?
When was the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation hearing?
At what hearing did Wibjörn Karlén and Singer argue against the graph?
Who was chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce in 2005?
Who was the chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations in 2005?
When did Barton write joint letters with Ed Whitfield?
Who was chairman of the House Science Committee in 2005?
Who was chairman of the House Science Committee in 2005?
When was the third Assessment Report published?
When was the AR4 published?
How many of the 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
What problem did the AR4 discuss?
How many reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer?
When was a study published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report?
What did the study suggest?
What did the study show about the actual temperature rise?
Was the actual temperature rise above or below the range of the IPCC projection?
What is a study that suggests that previous estimates by the IPCC have actually understated risks?
What is the range of sea levels projected to be in 2100?
How much above 1990 levels would sea levels be in 2100?
When was the Third Assessment Report published?
What was Michael Oppenheimer's job?
Where did Oppenheimer publish his State of the Planet 2008-2009?
What did Oppenheimer ask for instead of the large scale approach?
What is the Ozone depletion global regulation based on?
The Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol has been successful in case of what environmental challenge?
The lockstep situation of the IPCC is having built a broad science consensus while who still follow different goals?
Who compared the ozone depletion case with global warming?
What was an unsolved problem in the ozone depletion case?
The stepwise mitigation of the ozone layer challenge was based on successfully reducing what?
Who ordered the Stern Review?
The IPCC operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from what?
What can not be included between the deadline and the final release of an IPCC report?
Who does not carry out its own research?
How many climate scientists wrote in the journal Nature in February 2010?
Where did the five climate scientists write about changes to the IPCC?
What did the five climate scientists propose?
What did the five climate scientists recommend to do to avoid political interference?
What is the main role of chloroplasts?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What does chlorophyll capture from sunlight?
What is the process where chloroplasts make organic molecules from carbon dioxide called?
How many chloroplasts are in algae?
How many times are chloroplasts able to reproduce?
Chloroplasts behavior is strongly influenced by what?
What is thought to be inherited from their ancestor?
What was the ancestor of Chloroplasts?
How can Chloroplasts be made by the plant cell?
Where are chloroplasts found?
What nationality was Konstantin Mereschkowski?
What was Konstantin Mereschkowski's profession?
When was the origin of chloroplasts first suggested by Mereschkowski?
Who discovered chloroplasts in 1883?
What are the ancestors of chloroplasts?
Cyanobacteria are sometimes called blue-green algae even though they are what?
What is gram-negative?
What type of cell wall does Cyanobacteria have?
What are Cyanobacteria sometimes called?
What type of cell did a free-living cyanobacterium enter?
When did a free-living cyanobacterium enter an early eukaryotic cell?
What surround all chloroplasts?
What membrane from the host was probably lost?
What happened when a free-living cyanobacterium entered an early eukaryotic cell?
What does plastid mean?
How many chloroplast lineages are there?
What lineage is the rhodophyte?
What is the largest lineage of chloroplasts?
Which lineage contains the land plants?
What is one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast?
What is one of the first organisms to contain a chloroplast?
What are muroplasts?
What do glaucophyte chloroplast thylakoids surround?
What type of structure is the carboxysome?
What do Rhodoplasts use for photosynthetic pigments?
What are phycobilin pigments organized into on the thylakoid membranes?
What is responsible for giving many red algae their distinctive red color?
What does the red phycobilin pigment help red algae do?
What do Rhodoplasts synthesize?
What do chloroplastidan chloroplasts have lost?
Why are some forms of Hæmatococcus pluvialis green?
Chloroplastidan chloroplasts have lost what between their double membrane?
What is the main use of chloroplastidan chloroplasts?
What do most green chloroplasts contain instead of phycobilisomes?
How many membranes do primary chloroplasts have from their cyanobacterial ancestor?
What do secondary chloroplasts have?
What was the secondary endosymbiotic event?
What are some of the membranes in the secondary endosymbiotic event?
What did the engulfed alga leave?
What do euglenophytes contain?
What type of protists are euglenophytes?
How are thylakoids stacked in euglenophytes?
What is stored in the form of paramylon?
What is thought to have been lost?
What is another name for Cryptophytes?
What do cryptomonads contain?
What type of chloroplast does Cryptophyte chloroplasts contain?
Where is ordinary starch stored?
How many thylakoids are in cryptophyte chloroplasts?
What group of chromalveolates are apicomplexans similar to?
Apicomplexans are another group of what?
What is Plasmodium?
What do many apicomplexans keep?
Where do apicomplexans store their energy?
What do apicoplasts synthesize?
What type of disease is the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs?
What is the most important apicoplast function?
Apicoplasts have no what?
Apicoplasts are bounded by how many membranes?
What is not found in any other group of chloroplasts?
What is the most common dinophyte chloroplast?
What type of thylakoids are found in the peridinin chloroplast?
What did the peridinin chloroplast lose?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
What lineages lost their original red algal derived chloroplast?
How many membranes does the haptophyte chloroplast have?
What would tertiary endosymbiosis create?
Where was the phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from?
What has the chloroplast been stripped of?
What is taken from a cryptophyte?
The chloroplast has been stripped of its nucleomorph and outermost two membranes, leaving what?
What is another term for a diatom derived chloroplast?
What do Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have?
How many membranes are in a diatom endosymbiont?
How many membranes are in a diatom endosymbiont?
Where is the starch found in a diatom endosymbiont?
Where are all the nucleomorph genes transferred to?
What is the only dinophyte that has a chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage?
What did Lepidodinium viride lose?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace the peridinin chloroplast with?
What did Lepidodinium viride replace the peridinin chloroplast with?
Where do most chloroplasts originate from?
What is an exception to Paulinella chromatophora?
How many base pairs long is Chromatophore DNA?
How many protein encoding genes do Paulinella chromatophora contain?
How many base pair Synechococcus genome does Paulinella chromatophora have?
What are chloroplast DNA abbreviated as?
What is another name for ctDNA?
When was the plastome first proved?
When was the plastome first sequenced?
Who sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco?
What is highly conserved among land plants?
What are inverted repeats called in chloroplast DNAs?
What do inverted repeats help do?
How have scientists tried to observe chloroplast replication?
How many main models have been proposed for chloroplast DNA?
What does the D-loop adopt as it moves through the circular DNA?
What is another name for theta intermediary form?
How does the D-loop complete replication?
When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is at risk for what gradients?
When does DNA become susceptible to deamination events?
A second theory suggests that most cpDNA is what?
A second theory suggests that most cpDNA is actually linear and replicates through what?
When replication forks form, the strand not being copied is at risk for A → G deamination?
What is the D-loop mechanism similar to?
What is the predominant theory for cpDNA replication?
If the branched and complex structures seen in cpDNA experiments are real and not artifacts of concatenated what type of DNA would they be?
How is most cpDNA replicates?
What is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages?
What does endosymbiotic gene transfer provide evidence for?
What do diatoms now have?
What did the diatom ancestor have at some point?
What did most chloroplast genes become?
How many of the protein products of transferred genes aren't even targeted back to the chloroplast?
What new functions did chloroplast-targeted proteins take on?
What do many secondary plastids cross to reach the chloroplast?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
Where is a chloroplast polypeptide synthesized?
What does phosphorylation do?
What is the benefit of phosphorylation?
What shape are chloroplasts in land plants?
How large are chloroplasts in land plants?
How thick are chloroplasts in land plants?
What is Oedogonium shaped like?
Chlamydomonas have a ribbon-like spiral around the edges of the cell?
What is often cited as evidence that chloroplasts are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria?
What is the outer chloroplast membrane?
What are the outer and inner chloroplast membranes?
The chloroplast double membrane is often compared to what?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used to do?
What is the inner mitochondria membrane used to do?
What is the only chloroplast structure that can be considered analogous to it?
What is the only chloroplast structure that can be considered analogous to it?
What are very rare in chloroplasts?
What is a stromule?
Why are stromules common in chloroplasts?
When were stromules first observed?
Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum found?
Where has the chloroplast peripheral reticulum been found?
What consists of a maze of membranous tubes and vesicles continuous with the inner chloroplast membrane?
What is the purpose of the chloroplast peripheral reticulum?
Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum located?
What do chloroplasts use their ribosomes for?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
What is the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes?
Small subunit ribosomal RNAs in several Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts lack what?
What does shine-dalgarno sequence recognition do?
What are plastoglobuli?
What are plastoglobuli?
Plastoglobuli are spherical bubbles of what?
How large are plastoglobuli?
Plastoglobuli are surrounded by what?
Where are plastoglobuli permanently attached?
What does a plastoglobulus exchange its contents with?
How do plastoglobuli occur in normal green chloroplasts?
Where do plastoglobuli occur?
Where are pyrenoids found?
What shape are pyrenoids?
Are pyrenoids spherical or refractive?
What are pyrenoids a site of?
What can pyrenoids do?
What model has a stack of flattened circular granal thylakoids that resemble pancakes?
What shape are the granal thylakoids in the helical Thylakoid model?
How many thylakoids can each granum contain?
How many thylakoids are most common in grana?
What are the thylakoids Wrapped around the grana?
What do carotenoids absorb?
What do carotenoids absorb?
What do carotenoids use light energy to do?
What does the thylakoid membrane use the energized electrons to do?
What is the stroma of photosynthesis similar to?
How many types of thylakoids are there?
How are granal thylakoids arranged?
What are stromal thylakoids?
What are granal thylakoids?
How large are granal thylakoids?
How many photosynthetic carotenoids are in the photosystems?
Why are carotenoids found in photosystems?
Why are carotenoids found in photosystems?
What is β-carotene?
What is another group of yellow-orange carotenoids found in the photosystems?
What are phycobilins?
What color do cryptophyte chloroplasts have?
Phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes what color?
What do phycobilins organize into?
How large are phycobilisomes?
What do chloroplasts use to fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules?
Why does rubisco have a problem?
When does rubisco start accidentally adding oxygen to sugar precursors?
What cycle uses rubisco to fix carbon dioxide into sugar molecules?
What is wasted when rubisco adds oxygen to sugar precursors?
What are chloroplasts specialized for in mesophyll cells?
What do bundle sheath chloroplasts lack?
What do bundle sheath chloroplasts use to make ATP and NADPH?
Where do chloroplasts store CO2?
What is the job of bundle sheath chloroplasts?
What part of a plant contains chloroplasts?
What are the chloroplasts?
What are plant cells that contain chloroplasts called?
Where can chloroplasts be found?
What is a chlorenchyma cell?
Where are chloroplasts found in cacti?
Where are chloroplasts found in most plants?
How many stomatal guard cells are found in cacti?
How many chloroplasts can one square millimeter of leaf tissue contain?
Where are chloroplasts found in a leaf?
When will chloroplasts spread out in a sheet?
Under what conditions will chloroplasts spread out in a sheet?
What does the ability to distribute chloroplasts protect plants from?
What is the reason why plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts?
Which plant has been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move?
How many main immune responses do plants have?
What is the hypersensitive response?
What is systemic acquired resistance?
How do Chloroplasts stimulate both responses?
Chloroplasts stimulate both responses by purposely damaging their photosynthetic system, producing what?
What molecules do chloroplasts produce after detecting stress in a cell?
When do chloroplasts begin producing molecules?
What do reactive oxygen species do when they leave the chloroplast?
What is retrograde signaling?
What is one of the main functions of the chloroplast?
What is one of the main functions of the chloroplast?
What does photosynthesis produce?
What are used in photosynthesis?
What is made using light energy?
What do chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient for?
Where do the molecules between the photosystems pump hydrogen ions?
How many hydrogen ions are inside the thylakoid system?
What does ATP synthase use the energy from flowing hydrogen ions to do?
What does ATP synthase use the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to phosphorylate?
How are reenergized electrons taken by photosystem I?
What is it called when the electrons are recycled?
Where is cyclic photophosphorylation common?
What do C4 plants need?
What starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate?
What is the result of the Calvin cycle?
What do the unstable six-carbon molecules break down into?
What percentage of CO2 is produced in the Calvin cycle?
What can be used to make starch?
Under what conditions can starch grains grow very large?
What do starch grains grow very large?
What can cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts?
What is a side effect of low photosynthesis rates?
What can Rubisco accidentally do when the oxygen concentration is too high?
When canPhotorespiration occur?
What is one of the main reasons that carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms reduce the efficiency of photosynthesis?
How much carbon can Rubisco waste when the oxygen concentration is too high?
Why are Chloroplasts in C4 plants notable?
Where do chloroplasts make almost all of a plant cell's amino acids?
What are the only sulfur-containing amino acids in a plant cell?
Why is Cysteine synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria?
What is unclear about chloroplast?
What is a special type of a plant cell organelle called a plastid?
Where are all chloroplasts in a plant descended from?
Where are Proplastids commonly found?
What is the most common type of plastid?
What happens if angiosperm shoots are not exposed to the required light for chloroplast formation?
What is an etioplast?
What is a prolamellar body?
What does an etioplast have?
What is an etioplast that does not require light to form chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts can be converted to what?
What are chromoplasts?
Chloroplasts can be converted to what?
Chloroplasts can be converted to what?
What can turn back into proplastids?
FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into what?
What do FtsZ1 and Fts Z2 assemble into filaments?
What does the protein ARC6 form within the chloroplast's stroma?
Where does the Z-ring form?
Who manages the placement of the Z-ring?
What are PD rings?
How many plastid-dividing rings are there?
How large is the outer plastid-dividing ring?
How far apart are the plastid-dividing rings?
What type of chloroplasts have a third plastid-dividing ring?
What has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division?
What do chloroplasts require exposure to to complete division?
 Spinach leaves grown under green light have been observed to contain what type of chloroplasts?
What is one way that chloroplasts can grow and progress through some of the constriction stages?
What makes plastid transformation a valuable tool for the creation and cultivation of genetically modified plants?
What is a benefit of plastid transformation?
What is the failure containment rate of transplastomic plants?
What type of plants have failed containment?
A prime number greater than 1 has no positive divisors other than 1 and what else?
A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called what?
What establishes the central role of primes in number theory?
What can any integer greater than 1 be expressed as?
Why does the uniqueness in number theory require excluding 1 as a prime?
What is the property of being prime?
What is the simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number n called?
What is fast but has a small probability of error?
What test always produces the correct answer in polynomial time?
What is the largest known prime number?
How many primes are there?
Who demonstrated that there are infinitely many primes?
What is the distribution of primes?
What is the first result in the direction of the distribution of primes?
When was the prime number theorem proven?
What conjecture states that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes?
What conjecture states that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2?
What aspect of numbers did the development of number theory focus on?
What makes use of properties such as the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors?
Goldbach's conjecture and the twin prime conjecture are examples of what?
What is not prime?
What are the three distinct divisors in a number greater than 2?
What term refers to any prime number greater than 2?
All prime numbers larger than 5 end in 1, 3, 7, or what?
What are multiples of 2?
Most early Greeks did not consider what number to be a number?
Who listed 1 as the first prime?
Who did not agree with Christian Goldbach's list of primes?
What was Derrick Norman Lehmer's list of primes up to?
What did mathematicians begin to accept 1 as the first prime number?
What theorem would not hold if 1 were admitted as a prime?
When would the sieve of Eratosthenes not work correctly?
The relationship of the number to its corresponding value is known as what?
What is an example of a modified version of the sieve that considers 1 as prime?
A modified version of the sieve that considers 1 as prime would produce as output what?
Where are the Egyptian fraction expansions found?
Where do the earliest records of the explicit study of prime numbers come from?
What is one of the earliest records of the explicit study of prime numbers?
Who wrote Elements?
What is the Sieve of Eratosthenes?
When did Pierre de Fermat say that all numbers of the form 22n + 1 are prime?
Who proved Fermat's little theorem?
What are Fermat numbers?
What form of primes did Mersenne look at?
How many numbers of the form 22n + 1 are prime?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n?
When is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n?
If the primality of a given integer n is composite, what is the value of each integer m?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n?
What is the most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n?
How are primality tests for general numbers n divided?
What are the main classes of primality tests for general numbers n?
What type of algorithms provide a way to tell for sure whether a given number is prime or not?
What type of algorithms provide a way to tell for sure whether a given number is prime or not?
What is the probability that our number is composite?
What is a particularly simple example of a probabilistic test?
What does the Fermat primality test rely on?
What is a flaw with the Fermat primality test?
What is the Fermat primality test?
What is a particularly simple example of a probabilistic test?
What are the Sophie Germain primes of the form?
What is the form of prime numbers where p is an arbitrary prime?
What test is particularly fast for numbers of this form?
What is another name for factorial primes?
What primes are prime numbers that are of the form 2p − 1?
What have some of the largest primes been found using?
When was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded a prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits?
How much was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project awarded in 2009?
Who offers $150,000 and $250,000 for primes with at least 100 million digits and 1 billion digits?
The Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project was awarded a $100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits?
What does the largest integer not greater than the number in question represent?
Who proved that there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n − 2?
What is the prime number p with n < p < 2n − 2 for?
What does Bertrand's postulate state that there always exists at least one prime number p with?
What is another formula based on?
What is the necessary condition for a and q to have infinitely many primes?
What asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes only when a and q are coprime?
What is the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9?
The rows starting with a = 3, 6, or 9 contain what?
What does Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions asserts that the progression contains infinitely many primes?
What is closely related to prime numbers?
What would ζ(1) have if there were only finitely many primes?
What happens to the harmonic series when the zeta function exceeds any given number?
What does the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 +1/3 + 1-4 +... diverges?
What is the Basel problem?
When was the Riemann hypothesis dated?
What zeroes of the ζ-function have real part equal to 1/2?
The Riemann hypothesis roughly states that the irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from what?
What does the Riemann hypothesis say about the distribution of primes?
What does the Riemann hypothesis say about the distribution of primes?
Which conjecture asserts that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes?
When were Landau's problems solved?
Goldbach's conjecture has been verified for what?
Which theory says that every sufficiently large odd integer can be written as a sum of two primes?
Which theory states that every even integer n greater than 2 can be written as a sum of two primes?
What is the term for pairs of primes with difference 2?
What is thetwin prime conjecture?
What conjecture states that for every positive integer n, there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes that differ by 2n?
What are infinitely many primes of the form?
What conjecture states that there are always at least four primes between the squares of primes greater than 2?
What was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics?
Who was a British mathematician that prided themselves on doing work that had no military significance?
When was it announced that prime numbers could be used as the basis for the creation of public key cryptography algorithms?
What are prime numbers used for?
What is another example of pure mathematics?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always what?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, what period is always a recurring decimal?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal?
If p is a prime number other than 2 and 5, 1/p is always a recurring decimal?
What is a sufficient condition for p to be prime?
Which public-key cryptography algorithm is based on large prime numbers?
What is an example of a public-key cryptography algorithm that is based on large prime numbers?
What size primes are frequently used for RSA?
The Diffie-Hellman key exchange relies on efficient algorithms for what?
What type of primes are typical for Diffie-Hellman?
What insect uses prime numbers?
How do cicadas spend most of their lives?
How long do cicadas stay in their burrows?
What is the logic for the prime number intervals between emergences?
What is the average predator population during hypothetical outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas?
What is another term for minimality?
What is the prime field?
How can a knot be expressed?
What is the meaning of the word prime?
What is a prime knot indecomposable in knot theory?
What is an algebraic structure where addition, subtraction and multiplication are defined?
What are irreducible elements?
The set of prime elements equals what?
When is an element p of R called prime element?
What is one of the more general concepts that apply to elements of any commutative ring R?
What continues to hold in unique factorization domains?
What is an example of a factorization domain?
What is the set of complex numbers of the form?
What are the set of complex numbers of the form a + bi where i denotes the imaginary unit?
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains?
Where is the notion of number replaced with that of ideal?
What generalize prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal?
What is an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra?
What generalizes to the Lasker-Noether theorem?
The Lasker-Noether theorem expresses every ideal in what?
What are the points of algebro-geometric objects?
What is the basic problem of algebraic number theory?
Where can prime ideals be used in proving quadratic reciprocity?
What does quadratic reciprocity concern?
What happens when a number is multiplied by p?
What are some arithmetic questions transferred back and forth to?
What yields the field of real numbers?
What principle underlines the importance of primes to number theory?
Who used prime numbers to create ametrical music?
What was the name of Messiaen's 1935 work that used prime numbers to create ametrical music?
What is the name of Messiaen's work that uses prime numbers to create ametrical music?
Where do the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear?
What was Messiaen inspired by?
Where does the Rhine begin?
The Rhine empties into what body of water?
What is the biggest city on the Rhine?
What is the second longest river in Central and Western Europe?
How long is the Rhine?
Where is the Rhine located?
Where is the North Sea located?
How long is the Rhine?
What is the name of the Rhine derived from?
What is the name of the Gaulish name Rēnos?
What is the Gaulish name for the Rhine?
When was the Gaulish name Rēnos adapted?
What is the name of the Rhine derived from?
What is the name of the Gaulish name Rēnos?
What is another name for Rhine?
What is the Gaulish name for the Rhine?
What is another name for Dutch Rijn?
What is the Rheinkilometer called?
When was the Rheinkilometer introduced?
Where does the Rhine-kilometers run from?
Where is the Rhine-kilometers located?
What caused the length of the Rhine to shorten in the 19th and 20th century?
What is the Rheinkilometer called?
When was the Rheinkilometer introduced?
Where does the Rhine-kilometers run from?
What caused the length of the Rhine to shorten in the 19th and 20th century?
Where is the Rhine-kilometers located?
Which direction does the Rhine turn to near Chur?
How long is the Alpine Rhine?
What is the name of the glacial alpine valley near Sargans?
Where is a natural dam that prevents the Rhine from flowing into the Seeztal valley?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Switzerland and what other country?
Where does the Rhine make a distinctive turn to the north?
How long is the Alpine Rhine?
What is the height of the Alpine Rhine?
What is the name of the glacial alpine valley near Sargans?
The Alpine Rhine forms the border between Liechtenstein and what country?
What is the mouth of the Rhine into?
The delta is delimited in the West by what?
The delta is delimited in the East by what?
In Alemannic dialect, the singular is pronounced what?
What is the local pronunciation of Esel?
What is the mouth of the Rhine into?
The delta is delimited in the East by what?
The delta is delimited in the West by what?
What did the Rhine originally form?
In Alemannic dialect, the singular is pronounced what?
Where is the upper canal near?
Where is the lower canal located?
What did the lower canal in the western Rhine Delta prevent?
Where does the Dornbirner Ach flow?
What will the continuous input of sediment into the lake do to the lake?
Where is the lower canal located?
Along with strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta, what was the reason for the lower canal?
Where is the upper canal near?
Which canal had to be diverted?
What is expected to silt up the lake?
How many bodies of water make up Lake Constance?
What does the Untersee mean?
What is another name for the Seerhein?
The Rhine flows into Lake Constance from the south following what border?
What does the Obersee mean?
How many bodies of water make up Lake Constance?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Where is Lake Constance located?
Along with Bavaria and the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, what is the name of the other German state that borders Lake Constance?
Why does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
Where is the water diverted off the island of Mainau?
Where does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
Where is the Rhine water visible?
Where is the northern shore of the lake located?
Where does the Rhine water abruptly fall into the depths?
Where is the northern shore of the lake located?
Where is the water diverted off the island of Mainau?
What is another name for the Rheinrinne?
The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average water discharge of the Rhine?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
The Aare is a major tributary of which canton?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
What is the name of the major tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average water discharge of the Rhine?
What is the highest point of the Rhine basin?
The Rhine forms what border from Lake Constance?
What is the first major city in the course of the stream?
What is the name of the major bend in the center of Basel?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
How long is the Upper Rhine Plain?
How wide is the Upper Rhine Plain?
What is the first major city in the course of the stream?
What is the name of the major bend in the center of Basel?
What direction does the Rhine change from West to?
The Rhine knee is located where the direction of the Rhine changes from West to North?
What is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow in the Upper Rhine region?
What happened to the ground water level in the Upper Rhine region?
What canal carries a significant part of the river water?
What type of pools are located in the Upper Rhine region?
Which region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century?
When was the Rhine straightening program?
What happened to the rate of flow in the Upper Rhine region?
What happened to the ground water level in the Upper Rhine region?
What canal carries a significant part of the river water?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
What is the average discharge of the Moselle?
What is the longest river in Germany?
What is the name of the main tributary of the Rhine?
What is the average width of the Rhine?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
The Rhine is the longest river in what country?
What is the name of the main tributary of the Rhine?
Which country drains to the Rhine via the Moselle?
What is the annual mean discharge of the Rhine?
What river flows through the Rhine Gorge?
The Middle Rhine flows through what formation?
What created the Rhine Gorge?
What is the Rhine Gorge known as?
What river flows through the Rhine Gorge?
The Middle Rhine flows through what formation?
Along with vineyards, what is the Rhine Gorge known for?
What is the Rhine Gorge known as?
What can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland?
Which city is the home of Europe's largest inland port?
Which river joins the Rhine in Duisburg?
What does the Ruhr provide the region with?
Along the Rhine, where can many plants and factories be found?
Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of what?
Along what river is the Ruhr located?
Along the Rhine, where can many plants and factories be found?
Which city is the home of Europe's largest inland port?
Which river joins the Rhine in Duisburg?
Along with viniculture, what is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
Where is the Rhine Gorge located?
The Rhine flows around what famous rock?
What is the epitome of the Rhine romanticism?
Along with viniculture, what is the dominant economic sector in the Middle Rhine area?
What is the Rhine Gorge listed as?
Where is the Rhine Gorge located?
The Rhine flows around what famous rock?
Where is the Rhine Gorge located?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What canal runs parallel to the Rhine-Ruhr?
The Wesel-Datteln Canal runs parallel to what river?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How long is the Rhine Bridge?
What river flows through North Rhine-Westphalia?
The Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany?
What is the largest river port in Europe?
What is the longest suspension bridge in Germany?
How large is the river that crosses the Rhine-Ruhr?
Which river does the Merwede merge with?
What Dutch name no longer coincides with the main flow of water?
How much of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west?
What direction does the Rhine flow?
Where does the Rhine flow through?
Which river does the Merwede merge with?
What is the name of the river that flows through the Waal?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
Along with the IJssel and the Nederrijn, what is the other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal?
At Wijk bij Duurstede, the Nederrijn changes its name to what?
What river does the Nederrijn return to?
Where does the other third of the water flow through?
Along with the IJssel and the Nederrijn, what is the other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal?
How much water does the IJssel branch carry?
At Wijk bij Duurstede, the Nederrijn changes its name to what?
Where does the Nederrijn change its name and become the Lek?
What name was used for smaller streams farther to the north?
What are the streams used for?
What is the old north branch of the Rhine called?
What does Kromme Rijn mean?
What does Oude Rijn mean?
The most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn?
Where does the Rhine-Meuse Delta begin?
What is the shorter term for the Rhine-Meuse delta?
Where does the Rhine change its name to?
How many main flows does the Rhine delta have?
At Millingen aan de Rijn, the Rhine splits into what?
The shape of the Rhine delta is determined by two bifurcations?
What does Het Scheur mean?
Before what flood did the Meuse flow just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea?
When was the St. Elizabeth's flood?
The Meuse flowed just south of what line?
Between what years did the Meuse and Waal merge?
What did the Meuse form with Waal and Lek?
What do many rivers now serve as for the numerous polders?
What changed the delta in the second half of the 20th Century?
What is another name for the delta's main arms?
When did the construction of Delta Works change the delta?
What is the Rhine-Meuse Delta?
The Rhine-Meuse Delta is shaped by sedimentation and what?
What could strong tidal currents do?
At the Waal, the most landward tidal influence can be detected between Brakel and what other river?
The present Mediterranean Sea descends from what sea?
When did the Tethys Ocean begin to compress?
What did the Tethys Ocean produce?
When was the Triassic Period?
The Tethys Ocean is located between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates?
The ongoing Alpine orogeny caused what rift system to develop in this zone?
What is the main element of the N-S rift system?
When did the Upper Rhine Graben develop?
Along with the Rhone, what river drained the northern flanks of the Alps?
How did the Rhine extend its watershed southward?
When did the Rhine capture streams down to the Vosges Mountains?
Where did the Rhine capture streams?
What geological period occurred 2.5 million years ago?
How many major Ice Ages have occurred since 600,000 years ago?
How much did sea level drop during the Ice Ages?
In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course to which direction?
During the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine was located offshore of what city?
How long did the last glacial run?
When did the last glacial period end?
Where did the last glacial run?
How much lower was the sea level at the end of the Pleistocene?
The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present) until the end of the Pleistocene?
What was the source of the Rhine's current course?
What was the source of the Rhine's current course?
When was the Last Glacial Maximum?
What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps?
What type of dust settled over the tundra during the last Ice Age?
When did northwest Europe begin to warm up?
What happened to the alpine glaciers as they warmed up?
Where was much of the discharge routed to?
When did rapid warming and changes of vegetation begin to open forest?
By what time was Europe fully forested?
When did the sea level rise in the southern North Sea begin?
What has dropped so far that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes can compensate the transgression by the sea?
When was the coast line roughly at the same location?
What is the cause of the sea level rising in the southern North Sea?
What is the rate of sea level rise in the southern North Sea?
When did the Rhine occupy its Late-Glacial valley?
When did the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta begin?
What valley did the Rhine occupy at the start of the Holocene?
Where did sea-level rise in the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta?
How many years before Present has human impact been seen in the delta?
What has the increase in land clearance in the delta caused?
What has strongly increased in the Rhine?
During what time period did the delta begin to increase?
How many avulsions have occurred over the past 6000 years?
Where do Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to?
Where do the Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea?
The IJssel branch flows to the north and enters what river?
What is the discharge of the Rhine divided into?
How many branches is the discharge of the Rhine divided into?
When did the Rhine first enter the historical period?
The Rhine formed the boundary between Gaul and what other country?
When did the Upper Rhine form the boundary between Gallia and Germania?
Who argued that the Rhine formed the boundary between Gallia and Germania?
When did Augustus die?
Along with the Rhine, what river did Rome accept as her Germanic frontier?
When did the northern section of the Rhine remain the Roman boundary?
Where did Rome accept the Germanic frontier?
Which side of the Black Forest was the northern part of the Rhine?
How many legions did the Romans keep in five bases along the Rhine?
For what army did the Romans assign legions between AD 14 and 180?
What was the name of the town of Ubii?
The number of legions present at any base or in all depended on whether a state or what?
What was oppidum Ubiorum?
When did the Germanic tribes cross the Rhine?
What did the Germanic tribes establish in Francia?
What does Siebengebirge mean?
Who was the hero of the Nibelungenlied?
Who threw the golden treasure into the Rhine?
When was the Rhine within the borders of Francia?
When was the Rhine fully within the Holy Roman Empire?
The Rhine flows through Swabia, Franconia and what other area?
Who sold the Rhine to Burgundy in 1469?
When was the Rhine sold to Burgundy?
What document formed a contentious border between France and Germany?
What was a long-term goal of French foreign policy?
Along with Louis XIV, what French leader tried to annex lands west of the Rhine?
When was the Confederation of the Rhine established?
When was the Rhine crisis?
When was the Rhineland subject to the Treaty of Versailles?
When did the Treaty of Versailles end?
Who was forbidden to enter the Rhineland after World War I?
The Treaty of Versailles is often cited as helping what?
When did the German army re-occupied the Rhineland?
The Rhine bridge was a central focus of the battle for what city?
What did the Rhine present to the Western Allies in World War II?
When was Operation Market Garden?
The Rhine bridge at Arnhem was a central focus of the battle for Arnhem?
What was the name of the Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe?
What was the accepted length of the Rhine until 1932?
What German encyclopedia stated the length of the Rhine as 1,320 miles?
What did Knaurs Lexikon believe was the cause of the length of the Rhine?
What was the length of the Rhine in 1932?
When was the error discovered?
When did the Scottish electorate vote for devolution?
What law sets out the powers as a devolved legislature?
The Scotland Act 1998 delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament in what areas?
The Scotland Act 1998 gives powers that are "reserved" to who?
The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to what body?
What was an important element in Scottish national identity?
How many years was Scotland directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain and the subsequent Parliament of the United Kingdom?
What event led to the shelving of the idea of a devolved Parliament?
When was a rise in nationalism in Scotland?
What did the Kilbrandon Commission recommend?
Where was the oil discovered?
What was the name of the Scottish National Party's campaign that resulted in rising support for Scottish independence?
When did Wilson commit his government to some form of devolved legislature?
What did theSNP believe the revenues from the oil were doing?
When was the final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly passed by the United Kingdom Parliament?
Where would an elected assembly be set up?
What percentage of the Scottish electorate voted for an elected assembly in 1979?
What was the vote in the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum?
What happened to the 1979 Scottish devolution referendum?
What percentage of the eligible voting population did not vote in 1979?
What grew during the 1980s and 1990s?
Who controlled the government of the United Kingdom in the 1980s and 1990s?
When was the Scottish Constitutional Convention?
What did the Convention publish in 1995?
What is the official home of the Scottish Parliament?
Who designed the Scottish Parliament Building?
What nationality was Enric Miralles?
What shape is the Scottish Parliament Building?
Who opened the new Scottish Parliament Building?
In May 2000, the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland was vacated to allow what?
Where was the Parliament's temporary home?
Where was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland located?
Where was the Parliament temporarily moved to in May 2002?
Where was the Parliament temporarily relocated in May 2000?
Who rented the buildings used by the Parliament?
What organization used the former administrative building on George IV Bridge?
What happened to the former administrative building of Lothian Regional Council?
What are the former Midlothian County Buildings facing?
What hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room?
How many MSPs are elected to serve as Presiding Officer?
Who is the equivalent of the speaker?
How are the Presiding Officer and deputies elected?
How many MSPs are in the Scottish Parliament?
Who is the Presiding Officer?
Who is responsible for ensuring that the Parliament functions effectively and has the staff, property and resources it requires?
Which body allocates time and sets the work agenda in the chamber?
How many seats does the Presiding Officer have?
Who is responsible for ensuring that the Parliament functions effectively and has the staff, property and resources it requires?
Where is the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament seated?
What does the hemicycle serve to do?
How many seats are in the debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament?
How many seats are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs?
What can the MSPs not do in the debating chamber?
Where is the gold on the mace made from?
What is the mace made from?
Who Presented the Scottish Parliament in July 1999?
What words are inscribed on the mace?
Where is the mace displayed?
In what month are two-week recesses in the debating chamber?
Where are plenary meetings held?
Who can attend Chamber debates and committee meetings?
How much is the cost to enter the debating chamber?
What is the name of the transcript of parliamentary debates in the debating chamber?
When is the first item of business in meetings of the House of Commons?
How long does a speaker address members on Wednesdays?
Who determines the Invitations to address Parliament in this manner?
Speakers are chosen to represent the balance of what?
What does the Presiding Officer do on Wednesdays?
Who decides who speaks in chamber debates?
What does the Presiding Officer decide?
What does the Presiding Officer try to achieve a balance between when selecting members to speak?
Who usually has open debates?
What language is spoken by the Presiding Officer?
At what time do MSPs decide on all the motions and amendments that have been moved?
What is heralded by the sounding of the division bell?
What do MSPs do when they are not in the chamber?
How do MSPs vote at Decision Time?
How long does it take for the Presiding Officer to announce the division?
What can be predicted beforehand?
Who usually instruct members which way to vote?
What are MSPs known as?
What type of issues do MSPs typically vote on?
What can happen to errant members?
When is a Members Debate held?
Who is the MSP who proposes the motion?
How long is the Members Debate?
Along with the proposer, who usually contributes to the debate?
What does the relevant minister do with the debate and motion?
Where is most of the work of the Scottish Parliament done?
Is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament stronger or weaker than other parliamentary systems?
What is the main role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
What is the role of committees in the Scottish Parliament?
Where can committees meet?
Who are the Committees in the fourth Session of the Scottish Parliament?
What does the membership of MSPs reflect across Parliament?
What are the different committees in the Scottish Parliament set out in different ways?
What type of committees are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders?
Where are the current Mandatory Committees located?
When areSubject Committees established?
How many departments does each committee correspond with?
What are the subject Committees in the fourth session?
When are the current Subject Committees established?
What type of committee is normally set up to scrutinize private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter?
What type of private bills do private bills usually relate to?
Who is responsible for submitting private bills to the Scottish Parliament?
What type of committee has been set up to consider legislation on issues such as the development of the Edinburgh Tram Network and the Glasgow Airport Rail Link?
What law governs the functions and role of the Scottish Parliament?
Who assented the Scotland Act 1998?
What does the Scotland Act 2012 extend?
Who continues to constitute the supreme legislature of Scotland?
The Scotland Act 1998 governs the functions and role of what body?
Where are the specific devolved matters in the Scotland Act?
To whom are all matters that are not specifically reserved automatically devolved?
All matters that are not specifically reserved are what to the Scottish Parliament?
The Scottish Parliament has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland by how much?
What act gives the Scottish Parliament the ability to alter income tax in Scotland?
What kind of matters are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament?
Who is unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to Westminster?
Where is the Scottish Parliament unable to legislate on issues that are reserved to the UK Government?
Who are the Ministerial functions usually dealt with at Westminster?
What can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways?
Who can introduce new laws to existing laws as a bill?
A member of the Scottish Parliament can introduce a bill as what?
Who can submit a private bill to Parliament?
How do Bills pass through Parliament?
What is the first stage of a bill?
Along with the Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum setting out the policy underlying the bill, and a Financial Memorandum, what is included in the first stage of a bill?
What do statements from the Presiding Officer and the member in charge of the bill indicate?
Where does Stage 1 take place?
What is the first stage of a bill when the whole Parliament agrees to the general principles of the bill?
What is the final stage of the bill?
How many parts are in the final stage of the bill?
What stage of the bill is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament?
What can Opposition members table to prevent further progress and take up parliamentary time?
At what time do members proceed to vote on the final form of the bill?
Who does the Presiding Officer submits the bill to for royal assent?
After the bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for what?
How long does it take for the Presiding Officer to submit the bill to the Monarch?
Who can refer the bill to for a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the Parliament?
When was the bill passed?
What are parties that form the Scottish Government?
Who can put their name forward to be First Minister?
What position does Parliament elect from a number of candidates at the beginning of each parliamentary term?
Who elects the First Minister?
Who elects the First Minister?
When are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
When are ordinary general elections for the Scottish Parliament held?
Who can change the date of the poll?
Under the Scotland Act 1998, ordinary general elections are held on the first Thursday in May every four years?
How many days of a General Election are there in Scotland?
What enables the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government?
Who are invited to question the First Minister?
What does the First Minister deliver to the chamber at the beginning of each parliamentary year?
What do opposition parties and other MSPs question the First Minister on?
What is set aside for question periods in the debating chamber?
On what day does the General Question Time take place?
Who can direct questions to in the General Question Time?
What does the "General Question Time" give members an opportunity to question the First Minister directly?
How many general questions are available to opposition leaders?
How many MSPs are elected to represent first past the post constituencies?
When was the reduction in the number of Scottish MPs?
How many members are elected to represent the constituency?
What are the reasons for the smaller number of electors in Scotland?
What is the average Scottish Parliament constituency?
How are the total number of seats in the Parliament allocated?
What method is used to determine who is awarded the first list seat?
The party with the highest what is awarded the seat?
The number of list votes cast for each party is divided by one plus the number of seats the party won in the region?
How is the d'Hondt method repeated?
What type of qualifications apply to being an MSP?
When was the British Nationality Act introduced?
What age must a member of the Scottish Parliament be to be an MSP?
Who are disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament as elected MSPs?
What is the name of the act that disqualifies an MSP from sitting in the Scottish Parliament?
What is the first time in the Scottish Parliament that a party has commanded a parliamentary majority?
Who did the SNP take 16 seats from?
How many votes did Iain Gray retain East Lothian?
How many seats did the SNP take from the Liberal Democrats?
What did the Scottish Parliament want to hold a referendum on?
Who lost the Edinburgh Pentlands to the SNP?
What seat did the Conservatives lose to the SNP?
How many seats did the Conservatives lose?
Who was the leader of the Conservatives after the loss of Edinburgh Pentlands?
Who said he would step down as leader of the Conservatives?
What is a procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament?
What are English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs unable to vote on?
What is the name of the question that has led to criticism?
Who won the 2015 UK election?
Which country is only able to vote on domestic legislation in the UK?
What is another name for Political Islam?
Where does Islamism attempt to implement Islamic values?
What type of government does Islamism favor?
What are the two poles of Islamism?
What are the two poles of Islamization?
What type of political process do moderate and reformist Islamists accept and work within?
Where is Hamas located?
What is the aim of the Islamist groups in Lebanon and Palestine?
What does the Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan reject?
The Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan is basically a socio-political and democratic Vanguard party but has also gained political influence through military coup d'état?
What type of division is within Islamism?
What movement underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century?
What did the Salafi movement focus on?
What is the major division within Islamism?
What is a major division within Islamism?
What type of role does Islamism have?
What is a controversial concept?
Who believes that Islam is merely a political ideology?
Hayri Abaza believes the failure to distinguish between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support what?
What do progressive moderates seek to separate from Islam?
What are Islamists not?
A writer for the International Crisis Group maintains that the conception of political Islam is a creation of whom?
What does a writer for the International Crisis Group believe the idea of apolitical Islam was?
When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?
What type of Islam is not Islamism?
What did Western governments consider Islamist groups in the 1970s?
When did Western and pro-Western governments support Islamist groups?
What effect did the war have on non-Afghan veterans?
Who did the US spend billions of dollars to aid?
What were Islamists considered to be more dangerous?
What effect did the war have on non-Afghan veterans?
Who was Egypt's president in 1975?
What did Anwar Sadat make with Israel?
What did Anwar Sadat give to Islamists in his struggle against leftists?
When did the "gentlemen's agreement" between Sadat and Islamists break down?
What happened to Sadat in 1975?
What type of Wahhabism was Salafism?
What did Wahhabism believe Muslims should do to infidels for their religion?
What was democracy responsible for in the 20th century?
What did Wahhabism believe Muslims should not only oppose in every way?
What country's Wahhabism was based on Salafism?
What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood?
What type of governments does the Muslim Brotherhood compare poorly to?
What type of assistance does the Muslim Brotherhood provide to students from out of town?
What does the Muslim Brotherhood's commitment to social justice limited to?
What does the Muslim Brotherhood use mass marriage ceremonies to do?
What did Iqbal study in England and Germany?
What group did Iqbal belong to?
Who was Iqbal a critic of?
When did Iqbal return to Lahore?
What was the name of Iqbal's book published in 1934?
What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society?
What did Iqbal fear would happen to India's Hindu-majority population?
What did Iqbal call for the shedding of?
When was Sir Muhammad Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League?
What movement did Iqbal inspire?
Who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941?
What profession did Maududi choose?
When was the Jamaat-e-Islami party founded?
How did Maududi impact the Islamic revival in India?
How did Maududi view Islam?
Who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941?
What profession did Maududi choose?
How did Maududi impact the Islamic revival in India?
How did Maududi view Islam?
What did Maududi believe Muslim society could not be Islamic without?
What did Maududi believe should be established to change the minds of Muslim society?
What is tawhid?
How did Maududi describe the change in the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society?
How did Maududi change the minds of people from the top of society?
When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded?
Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood?
What is the name of the Muslim Brotherhood's constitution?
What type of influence did Al Banna believe the Muslim Brotherhood should eliminate?
What did some elements of the Brotherhood engage in against the government?
When was Al-Banna assassinated?
Who was assassinated in 1949?
In what year was the Brotherhood banned?
Who was the president of Egypt in 1948?
What has the Brotherhood become in the Islamic world?
What percentage of seats did the Muslim Brotherhood win?
For many years, the Brotherhood was described as what?
What was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do during elections?
Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt?
How did the Israeli troops respond to the Six-Day War?
How did the Six-Day War impact the Arab Muslim world?
What was the main cause of stagnation in the defeated countries?
What happened to the popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics during the Six-Day War?
What type of movement was inspired by Maududi and Sayyid Qutb?
What type of father was Mohammad Iqbal?
Who was the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution?
Where was Khomeini's beliefs placed?
Ali Shariati believed that complete imitation of who was essential to Islam?
What did Ali Shariati believe happened to Muslim lands?
What type of Republic has maintained its hold on power in Iran?
What groups has the Islamic Republic created or assisted?
What type of sanctions have the US imposed on Iran?
When was the Israel-Lebanon conflict?
Who was the leader of Iran during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict?
Who deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan in 1979?
What did the Soviet Union try to suppress in Afghanistan in 1979?
What did the conflict galvanize Muslims around the world to do?
What was the military effectiveness of the Afghan Arabs?
How many Muslim volunteers did the Soviet Union send to Afghanistan in 1979?
What did the Gulf War do?
Who did the Gulf War attempt to end?
What movement did the Gulf War help radicalize?
In what country did the Gulf War take place?
Who did the Islamists accuse the Saudi regime of being a puppet of?
Who did the 9/11 attacks resonate with?
What group did Saudi Arabia try to repress?
Where did American troops remain after Saddam's defeat?
Where did the civil war in Egypt occur?
Who was the leader of the 9/11 attacks?
Who's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment?
When was Qutb executed?
What group was led by Hasan al-Hudaybi?
What type of movement was inspired by the final writings of Qutb?
When did the Brotherhood abandon violence as a means of achieving its goals?
What group was responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat?
When was Anwar Sadat assassinated?
What type of leaders did the Islamic Jihad attack?
What did the Islamic Jihad do?
Who wrote a pamphlet about the path of violence and military struggle?
What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya employ in their struggle for Islamic order?
What is another name for the Islamic Group?
When did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya abandon violence?
What was the result of the Egyptian campaign to overthrow the government?
Who did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya try to assassinate?
What stance did the Muslim Brotherhood take towards Israel?
What was the name of the group formed by the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine?
What did the Hamas charter call for?
What did the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine focus on?
Where was the first Intifada held?
Who has continued to be a major player in Palestine?
How many people did Hamas kill from 2000 to 2007?
What did Hamas win in the January 2006 legislative election?
When did Hamas kill 542 people in 140 suicide bombing ormartyrdom operations?
What has Hamas been praised by Muslims for?
What type of regime was Hassan al-Turabi?
Who was the leader of Sudan's Islamist regime?
What group did Hassan al-Turabi lead?
How did Turabi build a powerful economic base?
Where did Turabi place his loyalists?
When was al-Nimeiry overthrown?
How did the NIF overthrow the government?
What law did the NIF adhere to?
Who did the NIF hold for a time before 9/11?
What did the NIF try to unify Islamist opposition to in 1991?
What did the FIS do with women?
When was the FIS founded?
Where was the FIS based?
What was the acronym for the Islamic Salvation Front?
What event canceled the elections in Algeria in 1991?
What did the victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s not lead to?
How did the civil war between political and tribal warlords affect Afghanistan?
When did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse?
What did the civil war in Afghanistan make Afghanistan?
What percentage of Afghanistan did the Taliban take over in the 1980s?
Who was spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established?
What country supported the Deobandi movement?
What is another term for Islamic fundamentalist?
What did the Taliban want to spread to an entire country?
Who was the leader of the Taliban?
When did Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto?
What did Zia-ul-Haq ban within six months?
What was Zia-ul-Haq more committed to?
What did Zia-ul-Haq use Islamization to legitimize?
When was Zia-ul-Haq killed?
What type of group is the Islamic State?
Who are the main members of the Islamic State?
As of March 2015, how many people lived in Iraq and Syria?
What does the Islamic State lack?
What did the Islamic State declare itself in 2014?
When did the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?
When was the invasion of Iraq by Western forces?
What was one of the reasons the group was expelled from al-Qaeda in 2014?
When did the Syrian Civil War begin?
What did the U.N. label the group?
How does HT view Muslim history?
In what century was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished?
When did the Ottoman Caliphate end?
What system did the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate end?
What did the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate do to the Islamic system?
What type of jihad does HT not engage in?
How does HT try to change Muslim public opinion?
Who will "facilitate" a "change of the government"?
What country banned HT in 1974?
What have many HT members gone on to join?
How many Muslims live in Greater London?
What type of outlook do some of the Muslims in London have?
In what year was the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque aired?
Undercover Mosque has given rise to what term?
What was Abu Hamza al-Masri charged with?
How long has the U.S. government been trying to counter Islamism?
What department conducts public diplomacy programmes in the U.S.?
Who was an official in the George W. Bush administration?
Who is Robert Gates?
What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with?
What language did Imperialism originate from?
What type of force is used to extend a country's power and influence?
What country has used the term imperialism to describe its political and economic dominance?
What has Imperialism allowed for the rapid spread of?
What is imperialism?
What is the term for physical control or full-fledged colonial rule?
What is another term for racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes?
What type of imperialism is informal imperialism?
What was the first term used to refer to informal rule?
What term did some writers use to explain the definition of imperialism?
What was the general purpose of informal rule?
What did some writers use the term imperialism to mean?
What is another term for informal imperialism?
The amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded is called what?
What is the name of the theory that explains how developed and developing nations are portrayed?
Who suggested that imperialism was the highest form of capitalism?
What is the term for empires that are built by expansion overland?
What is the closest modern English equivalent of an empire?
Imperialism is often conflated with what?
What is the main difference between imperialism and colonialism?
For what reason is imperialism developed?
What is an example of a land empire that is excluded from discussions of colonialism?
Imperialism and colonialism have been used to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon what?
What two types of imperialism dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations?
What does colonialism refer to the process of a country doing?
What is the meaning of imperialism?
What is the core meaning of Colonialism?
What do scholars sometimes find difficult to illustrate the difference between imperialism and colonialism?
What is a controversial aspect of imperialism?
What is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds?
What race is needed for imperialism to be justified?
What theory did Hobson believe should be used to justify imperialism?
What is a controversial aspect of imperialism?
Where was Friedrich Ratzel from?
Where was Halford Mackinder from?
What type of geographers were Friedrich Ratzel and Halford Mackinder?
Along with the Royal Geographical Society of London, what other societies had great influence?
What was the Royal Geographical Society able to do for travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries?
What geographical theory suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance?
What zone did Ellen Churchill Semple believe humans were only able to become fully human in?
What did Edward Said call the west's construction of the east as the other?
What type of people did tropical environments create?
What did orientalism allow Europe to establish itself as?
What term did British imperialism use to refer to empty land?
When did British settlement and colonial rule of the continent begin?
The principles of imperialism are often generalizable to the policies and practices of what empire?
What type of people did the settlers consider to be unused?
What does the Latin term Terra nullius mean?
Orientalism refers to how the West developed what?
How did Orientalism view the East?
What did Orientalism view the East as?
What is the term for the West's imaginative geography of the East?
What type of West did Orientalism believe the East was?
What did Bassett focus on during the "scramble for Africa"?
What did the use of blank space allow imperial and colonial powers to fill in?
What did the use of blank space denote?
What did Bassett study during the "scramble for Africa"?
Along with the British and British, what European power was involved in the expansion of West Africa?
During what era did the Americas have large empires?
Who was the leader of the Mongol Empire?
How many Muslim empires are there in Sub-Saharan Africa?
What is an example of an empire that has played an important role in the histories of Sub-Saharan Africa?
What area of Africa has had several empires that predate the European colonial era?
What is it called when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles?
What is the term for a country's influence in social and cultural circles?
What soap opera featured opulent American lifestyles during the Cold War?
What country did the soap opera Dallas change the expectations of?
What type of influence do authoritarian regimes use on foreign popular culture?
When did the Age of Imperialism begin?
The Age of Imperialism saw industrializing nations engaging in the process of what?
How many years have imperialist practices existed?
When did the Age of Imperialism end?
What did the Age of Imperialism refer to?
When was John Gallagher born?
When did Ronald Robinson die?
What is the profession of John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson?
What grew significantly during the 20th century?
Who was rich and prosperous in the decades before World War I?
What was Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism focused on?
When was the colonization of India?
Where did Europeans get resources from?
The British exploited the political weakness of what state?
Along with advancements in military technology, what advancement did Europe make?
What did European chemists make that could be used in combat?
What weapon became an effective battlefield weapon by the 1880s?
What were armies in less-developed countries still fighting with?
Who made deadly explosives that could be used in combat?
In anglophone academic works, theories regarding imperialism are often based on what experience?
When was the term imperialism introduced into English?
Along with idealism, what did some believe imperialism was characterized by?
Why was the term Imperialism introduced into English?
Along with capitalism and imperialism, what group has been linked to imperialism?
When was the rise of the military-political complex in the United States?
When were non-Marxist writers at their most prolific?
What did Hobson believe domestic social reforms could cure?
What did Hobson believe could help cure imperialism?
What was used as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples?
What did environmental determinism believe a certain person's behaviours were determined by?
What were people living in tropical environments seen as?
Where was the last wave of European colonialism?
What are the two forms of environmental determinism?
Who believed that the world could be split into climatic zones?
Which two climates produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being?
What were the people of the temperate climates in need of?
What is a view of a people based on their geographical location?
What did geographic scholars believe the world could be split into climatic zones?
When was the British East India Company established?
When was the British East India Company established?
Who chartered the British East India Company in 1599?
What caused the plundering of the local economy in 1767?
Which empire had already set up trading posts in India?
When did France take control of Algeria?
When did France begin to rebuild its worldwide empire?
Along with French civilization and language, what religion did the new empire spread?
Where did France concentrate its empire after 1850?
When did Republicans become supportive of the French colonial empire?
What did Jules Ferry say the higher races have a duty to do?
What did Jules Ferry call full citizenship rights?
What did France send to its colonies?
What did Jules Ferry want to bring to the world?
Which country was the only exception to France sending small numbers of settlers to its colonies?
What did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French use as bases?
What began to challenge the Empire after 1945?
Where did France fight and lose a bitter war in the 1950s?
Where did the French win the war in Vietnam?
When did most of France's colonies gain independence?
Where were the Germanic tribes originally from?
The Germanic conquest of central, western, and southern Europe was complete, excluding what?
When did Germanic tribes expand throughout northern and western Europe?
When did the Holy Roman Empire form?
What area did the Germanic tribes conquer in the middle period of classical antiquity?
When was Germany's participation in Western imperialism negligible?
When did Otto von Bismarck die?
When did Prussia unite the other states into the second German Empire?
Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
What system did Prussia and the German states prefer to manipulate?
Along with Africa, where did Germany build a colonial empire in 1883-84?
What was the reason for the demand for colonies in Germany?
When was German New Guinea established?
Which country did Germany begin to build a colonial empire in in 1884?
Who was Bismarck influenced by?
What did Japan take from Russia during the Russo-Japanese War?
When was the First Sino-Japanese War?
What country did Japan invade during the First Sino-Japanese War?
What territory did Japan conquer in 1931?
The People's Republic of what country supported indigenization?
When did the policy of indigenization stop being implemented?
Who asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory?
Where did the Soviet Union occupy during World War II?
Who reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as the Tsarist Empire by 1921?
What did Trotsky believe the revolution could succeed in Russia as part of?
Who declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism?
Who argued that the Soviet Union had become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade?
Who was the new political leader in the late 1950s?
What did Joseph Stalin establish for the Soviet Union?
What was the first British Empire based on?
When did Britain lose the American colonies?
What policy gave Britain dominance in the trade of much of the world?
When did the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies occur?
When was the defeat of Napoleonic France?
What was the largest empire that the world has ever seen?
Social Darwinism and theories of race formed an ideological underpinning during this time.
What was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury?
Along with Asia and Asia, in what region did the British Empire add to its empire?
What policy did the United States oppose Imperialism?
What was Theodore Roosevelt's policy called in Central America?
What happened in the Philippines in 1898?
What country did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose?
What did Smedley Butler call American foreign policy?
Who was a key figure in the American Empire?
When was Isiah Bowman appointed to President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry?
What was the idea of President Wilson?
What was the point of the inquiry?
What was Isiah Bowman known as?
What have some people described as a form of imperialism?
What is the internal form of empire referred to as?
How many Africans were involved in the African slave trade?
Who did Edward Said believe was the main target of modern imperialism?
When did the Ottoman Empire end?
Who was the ruler of the Ottoman empire in the 16th and 17th centuries?
How many provinces did the Ottoman empire contain at the beginning of the 17th century?
The Ottoman Empire controlled much of what Southeast region?
When did the Ottoman Empire last?
What was the capital of the Ottoman empire?
Who did the Ottoman empire ally with in the early 20th century?
When did the Ottoman empire dissolve?
What new state was formed in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland?
What is the name of the mainline Protestant Methodist denomination?
What is the UMC?
When was the UMC founded?
Who founded the UMC?
What is the theological orientation of the UMC?
What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement?
How many adherents does the United Methodist Church have?
What is the largest denomination in the UMC?
What percentage of the UMC is a member of the World Council of Churches?
When did the United Methodist Church begin?
Where did the United Methodist Church begin?
What did some students call the Methodists?
When did John and Charles Wesley go to America?
Where did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel to the American Indians?
Who did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel to?
What did John Wesley believe was the foundation of Christian faith?
What event separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church?
When did the American Revolution separate the Methodists in the US from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church?
Who did Wesley appoint as superintendent of the Methodist Society?
Where was the first Methodist Episcopal Church held?
Where was the first Methodist Episcopal Church held?
What is the oldest Methodist church in the United States?
What is the oldest Methodist church in the United States?
When was St. George's United Methodist Church founded?
Where was St. George's United Methodist Church initially located?
When was St. George's United Methodist Church founded?
Who were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
Richard Allen and Absalom Jones were licensed by what church in 1784?
When were the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?
When did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
Why did the Methodist Protestant Church split from the Methodist Episcopal Church?
When did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
Why did the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church split into two conferences?
When was the United Methodist Church created?
When did the Evangelical United Brethren Church and The Methodist Church join hands?
Who represented The Methodist Church at the General Conference?
The United Methodist Church understands itself to be part of what type of church?
What book recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon?
What does the Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon mean?
Why was John Wesley compelled to ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters?
Who assisted Wesley in ordain two of his lay preachers?
Who assisted Wesley in ordain two of his lay preachers?
When was the United Methodist Church formed?
Who were the founders of the United Methodist Church?
Who led the team that systematized denominational doctrine?
Who led the team that systematized denominational doctrine?
What is the term for the grace that goes before us?
What is the term for the grace that goes before us?
What isvenient grace?
What is the term for the grace that goes before us?
What is the term for the grace offered by God to all people?
What is it called when we are received by God in spite of our sin?
What is justifying grace also known as?
What is justifying grace also known as?
What did John Wesley call this experience?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What is the grace of God that sustains the believers in the journey toward Christian Perfection?
What is Sanctifying Grace?
What does Sanctifying Grace sustain the believers in the journey toward?
What stands at a unique cross-roads between evangelical and sacramental?
What does the United Methodist Church believe in?
What denomination is considered one of the more moderate and tolerant denominations?
What book states that Wesleyan theology is at once "catholic, evangelical, and reformed"?
In what year was the United Methodist Church's General Conference held?
What is the denomination's stance on abortion?
What organization was the United Methodist Church a founding member of?
What are the two official bodies of the United Methodist Church?
Who does the church believe should be in supportive ministry?
Who is the church bound to respect the sacredness of the life and well-being?
What does TUMAS stand for?
In what year was the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality held?
Who was president of the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality?
What movement has the Methodist Church supported?
In what years did the United Methodist Church's General Board of Church and Society call for abstinence from alcohol for Lent?
What was the name of John Wesley's famous sermon?
What does the United Methodist Church use in the sacrament of Holy Communion?
What does the United Methodist Church condemn?
Where did Jesus abolish the death penalty?
Where did Jesus explicitly repudiate the lex talionis?
What body of the United Methodist Church calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment?
What does the United Methodist Church prohibit the celebration of?
In what year was Rev. Jimmy Creech defrocked?
In what year was same-sex marriage legalized?
What governing committee has voted in favor of a proposal that calls for a localized option?
What community has the UMC recently called for broader acceptance of?
What do many conferences vote in favor of?
When did a United Methodist church court defrocked Methodist minister Rose Mary Denman?
When were clergy credentials removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud?
Who approved the appointment of an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate?
What does the United Methodist Church oppose as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture?
What does the United Methodist Church believe is always righteous before God?
What does the United Methodist Church support and extend its ministry to those who conscientiously oppose?
What does the United Methodist Church believe war is incompatible with?
The Church rejects war as what?
What does the United Methodist Church endorses as a last resort?
Who states that pornography is not an 'innocent activity'?
What does the United Methodist Church believe pornography is about?
Who are people who are addicted to pornography physiologically altered?
What type of embryo is supported by the UMC?
What does the UMC support research on?
What does the UMC support federal funding for?
What was the revised version of The Book of Common Prayer called?
When were the Methodists separated from the Church of England?
John Wesley provided a revised version of what book when the Methodists were separated from the Church of England?
Where is the United Methodist Church located?
The United Methodist Church has official liturgies derived from what Anglican tradition?
Along with laying on of hands, what is a common practice in the United Methodist Church in Africa?
What may be named after a biblical figure?
Who was the Salvation Army Founder?
Who was the founder of Methodism?
What church is organized into conferences?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
Where are Legislative changes recorded at the General Conference?
What is the highest level of the United Methodist Church?
How often does the General Conference meet?
How many jurisdictions is the United States divided into?
How many central conferences are in the United States?
What is the main purpose of the jurisdictions and central conferences?
Who are the chief administrators of the church?
What areas do bishops serve?
Who makes the decisions in-between the four-year meetings?
The Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction is usually made up of who?
How many acres did the Mission Council approve a 99-year lease for?
What was the purpose of the 99-year lease of 36 acres?
Where is the George W. Bush Presidential Library located?
How many members are in the Judicial Council?
What is the highest court in the denomination?
How long is the term of the Judicial Council?
How often does the Judicial Council meet?
Where does the Judicial Council meet?
What is the basic unit of organization within the UMC?
What does the term Annual Conference refer to?
What are Clergy members of?
What is the guidebook for local churches and pastors?
How many members must a board of trustees have?
How many members are required to be on the board of trustees?
What is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church and any interested members?
What is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church and any interested members?
How many colleges and universities is the United Methodist Church affiliated with?
How many schools does the United Methodist Church operate?
What does the United Methodist Church belong to?
Who ordained the first Methodist clergy?
What do the first Methodist clergy serve as in local congregations?
Who are the Elders in the United Methodist Church itenerate?
What group did John Wesley belong to?
Who advises the resident bishop on appointments?
How often is an appointment made?
When are appointments made and fixed by the resident bishop?
Who are called by God, affirmed by the church, and ordained by a bishop to a ministry of Word, Sacrament, Order and Service?
Where are Elders appointed to?
How long do Elders serve as provisional Elders?
What are Elders assigned as?
How long do deacons serve as provisional deacons?
What is an ordained deacon called by God?
What is an ordained deacon called by God?
What can a deacon do if they are appointed as the pastor in a local church?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
Who is a seminary graduate who serves a two-three-year term in a full-time appointment after being commissioned?
When was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?
What is the official title of a local pastor?
What is the full-time title of a local pastor?
How many years are local pastors required to attend?
Local Pastors are appointed by God to a ministry of Word, Sacrament, Order and Service within the church?
Who are those who have been baptized as an infant or child but have not subsequently professed their own faith?
How do Baptized Members become Professing Members?
How can an individual become a Professing Member?
What is a sacrament in the UMC?
What classes do students learn about Church and the Methodist-Christian theological tradition?
What book directs the local church to offer membership preparation or confirmation classes to all people?
What do students learn in confirmation and membership preparation classes?
What are the two categories of lay servants in the Methodist Church?
What must a lay servant do to be recognized as a local church lay servant?
How often do lay speakers report to the United Methodist Church?
How many advanced courses are required by the United Methodist Church?
What is one tradition within the Christian Church?
What did the United Methodist Church vote to seek in the National Association of Evangelicals?
What does the United Methodist Church feel false ecumenism might result in?
When was the Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed?
When did the United Methodist Church enter full communion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
When did the United Methodist Church begin exploring a merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations?
How many members were in the UMC at the time of its formation?
How many congregations did the UMC have at the time of its formation?
How many members were in the UMC in 2005?
How many congregations did the UMC have in 2005?
Which state has the largest number of members?
By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, what was the total UMC membership?
By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, how many UMC members were in the US?
How many UMC members are overseas?
What group is the UMC a member of?
What interdenominational group does the UMC belong to?
When did the World Methodist Council vote to adopt the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification?
When was the French and Indian War?
Who fought in the Seven Years' War?
What was the population of the French North American colonies at the start of the war?
How many people lived in the British North American colonies?
Where was the war fought?
What was the cause of the war?
When did the war erupt into violence?
When did the British invade North America?
What was the main effort by Braddock?
Why did British operations in the frontier areas of Pennsylvania and New York fail?
What did the British capture in 1755?
What did the British order after the capture of Fort Beauséjour?
Who took power in 1757?
Why was France hesitant to send large convoys to aid Prussia?
How did France concentrate its forces?
Where did the British lose the Siege of Fort William Henry?
What did France ceded to Great Britain?
What territory did France ceded to Britain?
What was the result of the treaty?
When was the King George's War?
What does the name French and Indian War obscure?
What was the Seven Years' War?
What are two other names for the war?
When did the Seven Years' War end?
How long did the fighting between the British and French last?
In what year was Montreal captured?
What battle took place in 1754?
How many people lived in the St. Lawrence River valley?
Where was the French population located?
Where did French fur traders and trappers travel?
What was the ratio of British settlers to the French?
Where did Britain claim Rupert's Land?
Where were the population centers?
Who dominated large areas between the French and the British?
Who were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War?
The Iroquois Confederation dominated much of what areas?
What was the status of the native tribes?
Who spoke Siouan?
Where did the French recruit fighters from?
Who supported the British in the war?
How many French troops were stationed in North America at the start of the war?
How many British troops were stationed in North America at the start of the war?
What did most British colonies lack at the start of the war?
How long did Céloron's expedition cover?
How many people did Céloron's expedition consist of?
Who did Céloron tell to leave the area?
What did the Native Americans do when Céloron reached Logstown?
Where was the home of the Miami chief?
What did Céloron do when he arrived at Logstown?
What did the Native Americans do when Céloron arrived at Logstown?
How did Céloron feel about the Natives of the Ohio Country?
What did each side of the Ohio Country want to do?
What did William Shirley say about the British colonies?
When did the British government give land to the Ohio Company of Virginia?
Who did the British government give land to in 1749?
Who explored the Ohio territory in 1750?
What was the name of the treaty that allowed the Ohio Company of Virginia to settle 100 families?
Where did the Ohio Company of Virginia build a "strong house"?
What was the War of the Austrian Succession known as?
When did the War of the Austrian Succession end?
What issues were turned over to a commission to resolve?
What was the result of the treaty?
Who was the Governor-General of New France in 1752?
How many men did Langlade command?
What was the objective of the French invasion of New France?
What was the result of the French attack on Pickawillany?
Who commanded the Troupes de la Marine and Indians?
What was the name of the first fort that Marin constructed?
Where was the second fort built?
What were the orders of Paul Marin de la Malgue?
Who was the chief of the Mingo?
What was William Johnson's job?
What did the Iroquois call Johnson?
What was Johnson made in 1746?
Who was the Speaker of the Iroquois tribal council?
What company was Robert Dinwiddie an investor in?
Who did Dinwiddie order to warn the French to leave Virginia territory?
Who did Washington pick up along the way?
When did Washington and his men reach Fort Le Boeuf?
Who succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces?
What letter did Washington receive from Saint-Pierre?
What was Saint-Pierre's response to the letter from Dinwiddie?
What did Saint-Pierre tell Washington about France's claim to the Ohio Country?
When did Contrecœur lead 500 men south from Fort Venango?
When did the French begin construction of a small stockaded fort?
What was the name of the Fort Duquesne built by William Trent?
What was the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
What was the result of the Battle of Jumonville Glen?
What did Washington want to do with the British?
What did the Duke of Newcastle send an army expedition to North America to do?
How did the British military respond to the news of the battle?
How did King Louis XV respond to the news of the battle?
What did the British want to do?
What was the name of the early political response to the opening of hostilities?
What was the goal of the Albany Congress?
Was the plan that the delegates agreed to ratified by the colonial legislatures approved by the crown?
What was an important political response to the opening of hostilities
How many British troops did Braddock lead?
What was the result of the British attack on Fort Duquesne?
How many British soldiers were killed in the attack on Fort Duquesne?
Who were Braddock's opponents in the American Revolution?
Who did the French acquire a copy of the British war plans?
What was the main problem with Shirley's efforts to Fort Oswego?
What did Shirley plan to do in his absence?
What did Shirley leave at Oswego, Fort Bull and Fort Williams?
Who was the governor of New France in 1759?
What did Vaudreuil do when Johnson was seen as the larger threat?
How did the Battle of Lake George end?
The Battle of Lake George was fought between Fort Edward and what other location?
Where did the French retreat to after the Battle of Lake George?
Who captured Fort Beauséjour?
What did Charles Lawrence order?
What two battles did Monckton's forces have?
Who assumed command of British forces in North America after Braddock died?
Where did William Shirley meet with British forces in 1755?
What did William Shirley want to do?
How did William Shirley plan to attack Quebec?
Who was the second in command in 1756?
Who led the French reinforcements to New France in May 1756?
When did England declare war on France?
What forts did Vaudreuil attack?
In what battle did the French destroy the fort?
How much gunpowder did the French destroy at Fort Bull?
Why did Vaudreuil want to attack the British at Oneida Carry?
Who refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them?
Where did Montcalm move his headquarters?
What garrison did Montcalm attack?
What did Montcalm and the Indians disagree about?
What did Loudoun plan to attack in 1757?
Why did Loudoun leave a large force at Fort William Henry?
Who was the Secretary of State responsible for the colonies?
How did Loudoun respond to the news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry?
Who attacked Fort William Henry in the first half of 1757?
Where did Montcalm attack the British position?
What did Montcalm's Indian allies do to the British?
Why was smallpox minimally resupplied in 1758?
What exacerbated the situation in New France in 1757?
What did Montcalm focus on defense of?
What led to the fall from power of Newcastle?
Who developed the plan for the 1758 campaign?
What did Pitt's plan call for?
What was the result of the British failures in North America?
How many Frenchmen won the Battle of Carillon?
How many troops did Abercrombie's force have?
What did Abercrombie save something from the disaster?
What happened to Abercrombie after the Battle of Carillon?
What did the duc de Choiseul focus on?
What was the result of the invasion of Britain?
Where did the French Navy fail in 1759 naval battles?
Who defeated Montcalm at Quebec?
What did Fort Niagara do?
In what battle did the British lose outside Quebec City?
The British were able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships in what battle?
Who negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst?
What did Amherst give any French residents who chose to remain in the colony?
Who did Vaudreuil negotiate a capitulation with?
When did the war in North America end?
What treaty settled the Seven Years' War?
What did the British offer France the choice of surrender?
What did the British view the value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane?
How many French-speaking Roman Catholic residents lived in Acadia?
When did the deportation of Acadians begin?
Where did the British resettled many Acadians?
Where did many Acadians go after Britain gained control of French Canada and Acadia?
Who issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 do?
Where was the reservation of lands located?
How did the Spanish population respond to the British takeover of Florida?
What made the Ohio Country particularly vulnerable to legal and illegal settlement?
When was the Spanish takeover of Louisiana territory completed?
Which two Native American tribes had tensions with the British?
What was the result of the loss of French power in North America?
What concept was used in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines?
What did Aristotle and Archimedes retain in understanding force?
Who corrected previous misunderstandings about motion and force?
For how long were laws of motion not improved on?
Who developed a theory of relativity that correctly predicted the action of forces on objects with increasing momenta near the speed of light?
What model describes forces between particles smaller than atoms?
What are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed?
The Standard Model predicts that the four main interactions are what?
Along with strong, electromagnetic, weak, and weak, what is the fourth main interaction?
The Standard Model predicts that the weak and electromagnetic forces are expressions of what?
Who provided a philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology?
Aristotle believed that the concept of a force was an integral part of what?
How many elements did Aristotle believe the terrestrial sphere contained?
Where did Aristotle believe motionless objects on Earth should be in their natural place?
What did Aristotle call forced motion?
When was Galileo Galilei's work published?
Who was influenced by the late Medieval idea that objects in forced motion carried an innate force of impetus?
According to Galileo Galilei, objects in forced motion carried an innate force of what?
Whose work disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion in the 17th century?
What force did Galileo use to prove that objects retain their velocity unless acted on by a force?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia that functions as the fundamental equilibrium "natural state"?
What was Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with?
Who proposed that every object with mass has an innate inertia that functions as the fundamental equilibrium "natural state"?
What law states that objects continue to move in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force?
What is the first law of physics?
What do not change from being at rest?
What kind of path does the ball follow while traveling in a moving vehicle?
When traveling in a moving vehicle at a constant velocity, the laws of physics do not change from what?
A person who is observing the moving vehicle pass by also observes the ball follow a curving parabolic path in the same direction as the motion of the vehicle?
What can be further generalized to explain the tendency of objects to continue in many different forms of constant motion?
What fixes the constancy of the length of a day?
Who extended the principle of inertia further?
What do astronauts experience when in free-fall orbit around the Earth?
What is one of the foundational underpinnings of the general theory of relativity?
What asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force?
Newton's Second Law asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality to acceleration to mass can be defined through what measurements?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
What offers an equivalence between space-time and mass?
How are the relative units of force and mass defined?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects?
What law is a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects?
Newton's Third Law states that there is no such thing as what type of force?
F and −F are equal in what?
The action-reaction force shared between any two objects in a closed system will not cause what part of the system to accelerate?
What type of system has no internal forces that are unbalanced?
The action-reaction force shared between any two objects in a closed system will not cause what to accelerate?
What can the perception of forces as pushes or pulls provide for describing forces?
The intuitive understanding of forces is quantified using precise operational definitions that are consistent with direct observations and compared to what?
What is the conceptual definition of force offered by?
What is determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics?
Forces that act in a particular direction have sizes dependent on how strong the push or pull is?
Forces that do not have direction are called what?
What avoids problems when two forces act in a particular direction?
If both of these pieces of information are not known for each force, the situation is what?
What avoids problems when two forces act in a particular direction?
In what conditions were forces first quantitatively investigated?
What are the crucial properties of additive vector quantities?
What is another name for the resultant force when two forces act on a point particle?
What must be specified in order to account for the effects on the motion of the body?
The rule of vector addition can be determined by following what rule?
How can forces be resolved at right angles to each other?
How many forces can a horizontal force pointing northeast be split into?
What is Summing force vectors into components of a set of basis vectors?
What type of components are uniquely determined by scalar addition of the components at right angles to each other?
How can orthogonal force vectors be resolved into independent components at right angles to each other?
What is generated between the object and the table surface?
What is generated between the object and the table surface?
What force is opposed by static friction?
What is opposed by static friction between the object and the table surface?
What is the most usual way of measuring forces?
An object suspended on a vertical spring scale experiences the force of gravity acting on the object balanced by a force applied by what?
An object suspended on a vertical spring scale experiences the force of what?
An object suspended on a vertical spring scale experiences the force of what?
Who expounded the Three Laws of Motion?
Who discovered that Aristotelian physics were contradicted by observations and logic?
What frame did Galileo believe did not exist?
Who discovered that Aristotelian physics were contradicted by observations and logic?
Where did the cannonball land in an Aristotelian universe?
What part of a moving ship would the cannonball land behind?
What occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with kinetic friction?
What opposes the applied force?
A simple case of dynamic equilibrium occurs in constant velocity motion across a surface with what?
Who misinterpreted the motion as being caused by the applied force?
Who described physics instead of Newtonian equations?
The Schrödinger equation is now described by what equations?
The potentials V(x,y,z) or fields are treated similar to what?
The results of a measurement are now sometimes what?
What keeps its meaning in quantum mechanics?
What is a discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable?
What principle relates the space and the spin variables?
What is a discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable?
What is the Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables?
If two identical fermions have a symmetric spin function, what spins are they?
What are forces and the acceleration of particles explained as?
What is a mathematical by-product of exchange of momentum-carrying gauge bosons?
What is a redundant concept arising from?
The Feynman diagram is a conceptually simple way to describe fundamental interactions?
What type of line is the Feynman diagram?
How many fundamental interactions are all of the forces in the universe based on?
What two forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances?
What force acts between electric charges?
The gravitational force acts between what?
What principle does not permit atoms to pass through each other?
Who unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth?
In what century did the development of quantum mechanics lead to a modern understanding of the first three fundamental forces?
The development of fundamental theories for forces proceeded along the lines of what?
What model was developed by Physicists that would combine all four fundamental interactions into a theory of everything?
Who discovered the universal force?
Who was instrumental in describing the characteristics of falling objects?
What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth?
What measurement is used to determine the magnitude of gravity towards the surface of the Earth?
What is directly proportional to the mass of an object?
How could the effects of gravity be observed?
Newton determined that the acceleration of what could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law?
The acceleration due to gravity is proportional to what part of the attracting body?
Along with the mass and the attracting body, what else is related to the gravitational acceleration?
What is the name of the constant used to describe the relative strength of gravity?
Who made the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
When was Henry Cavendish able to make the first measurement of using a torsion balance?
Who created the Universal Gravitation Constant?
What planet did Newton's Law of Gravitation not explain?
What planet did some astrophysicists believe would explain the discrepancies?
What did Albert Einstein formulate?
Who formulated his theory of general relativity?
Who formulated his theory of general relativity?
What is the theory that best explains gravity?
What is the term for the curvature of space-time?
In GR, gravitation is not viewed as a force but rather, objects moving freely in gravitational fields travel under their own inertia?
The curvature of space-time can be observed when observing what kind of sense?
What is the term for the time rate of change of electric charge?
The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of what force that acts on a charge?
What describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field?
The force on a charge moving in a magnetic field can be written as a sum of what?
Who unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?
When was the origin of electric and magnetic fields fully explained?
How many scalar equations did Maxwell create?
How many scalar equations were later reformulated into 4 vector equations?
Who unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations?
The photoelectric effect and the nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe are examples of what theory?
What was the new theory of electromagnetism developed using?
What does QED stand for?
What are wave-particles known as?
What does QED stand for?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What principle is responsible for the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
The Pauli exclusion principle states that there are not enough lower what quantum mechanical states for all electrons?
How is the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter manifested macroscopically?
What is a common misconception to ascribe the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter to?
What principle is responsible for the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter?
The Pauli exclusion principle states that there are not enough lower what quantum mechanical states for all electrons?
How is the stiffness and rigidity of solid matter manifested macroscopically?
The strong force only acts directly upon what?
What is observed between hadrons as the nuclear force?
A residual of the force is observed between hadrons as what force?
How is the strong force transmitted?
The strong force acts directly upon elementary particles, what is it called?
What is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons?
What is the most familiar effect of neutrons in atomic nuclei?
What is the most familiar effect of beta decay of neutrons in atomic nuclei?
What is the field strength of the weak force?
At what temperature are electromagnetic forces and the weak force indistinguishable?
What is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact?
What follows when the electron clouds overlap?
What causes Pauli repulsion?
What type of force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact?
What are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable?
What allows ideal strings to switch physical direction?
 Ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously in what?
What is the result of using ideal strings?
What are ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable used for?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect what?
Newton's laws and Newtonian mechanics were first developed to describe how forces affect idealized point particles rather than what?
What type of structure does matter have?
The theories of continuum mechanics describe the way forces affect what part of an object?
In real life, matter has what?
What accounts for forces that cause all strains?
What terms are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What terms are associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area?
What is the rotation equivalent of force in the same way as angle is?
What ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by what?
What law can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration of the rigid body?
Where is the unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object always directed?
Where does the centripetal force at the center of the curving path act?
What force is always directed toward the center of the curving path?
What direction is the unit vector pointing in?
The unbalanced centripetal force felt by any object is always directed toward the center of the curving path?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system has an associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between potential forms of what?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system has an associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between kinetic and what forms?
What is conserved whenever a conservative force acts on a closed system?
What is the force related to?
A conservative force that acts on a closed system has an associated mechanical work that allows energy to convert only between kinetic or potential forms?
What is impossible to model for certain physical scenarios?
For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to what?
What is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms?
What type of forces include other contact forces, tension, compression, and drag?
The connection between macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with what?
The connection between macroscopic and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics?
The connection between macroscopic and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics?
What law states that nonconservative forces necessarily result in energy transformations within closed systems from ordered to more random conditions as entropy increases?
The connection between macroscopic and microscopic conservative forces is described by detailed treatment with statistical mechanics?
What is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass?
What is another name for the kilogram-force?
What is the metric unit of mass that accelerates at 1 m·s−2 when subjected to a force of 1 kgf?
The kilogram-force is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass?
What unit of force is equivalent to 1000 N?