---
license: apache-2.0
datasets:
- nicholasKluge/instruct-aira-dataset
language:
- pt
metrics:
- accuracy
library_name: transformers
tags:
- alignment
- instruction tuned
- text generation
- conversation
- assistant
pipeline_tag: text-generation
widget:
- text: "<|startofinstruction|>Você pode me explicar o que é Aprendizagem de Máquina?<|endofinstruction|>"
  example_title: Aprendizagem de Máquina
- text: "<|startofinstruction|>Você sabe alguma coisa sobre Ética das Virtudes?<|endofinstruction|>"
  example_title: Ética
- text: "<|startofinstruction|>Como eu posso fazer a minha namorada feliz?<|endofinstruction|>"
  example_title: Conselho
inference:
  parameters:
    repetition_penalty: 1.2
    temperature: 0.2
    top_k: 30
    top_p: 0.3
    max_new_tokens: 200
    length_penalty: 0.3
    early_stopping: true
co2_eq_emissions:
  emissions: 0.35
  source: CodeCarbon
  training_type: fine-tuning
  geographical_location: Singapore
  hardware_used: NVIDIA A100-SXM4-40GB
---
# Aira-2-portuguese-124M

`Aira-2` is the second version of the Aira instruction-tuned series. `Aira-2-portuguese-124M` is an instruction-tuned model based on [GPT-2](https://huggingface.co/pierreguillou/gpt2-small-portuguese). The model was trained with a dataset composed of prompt, completions generated synthetically by prompting already-tuned models (ChatGPT, Llama, Open-Assistant, etc).

Check our gradio-demo in [Spaces](https://huggingface.co/spaces/nicholasKluge/Aira-Demo-Portuguese).

## Details

- **Size:** 124,441,344 parameters
- **Dataset:** [Instruct-Aira Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nicholasKluge/instruct-aira-dataset)
- **Language:** Portuguese
- **Number of Epochs:** 5
- **Batch size:** 24
- **Optimizer:** `torch.optim.AdamW` (warmup_steps = 1e2, learning_rate = 5e-4, epsilon = 1e-8)
- **GPU:** 1 NVIDIA A100-SXM4-40GB
- **Emissions:** 0.35 KgCO2 (Singapore)
- **Total Energy Consumption:** 0.73 kWh

This repository has the [source code](https://github.com/Nkluge-correa/Aira) used to train this model.

## Usage

Three special tokens are used to mark the user side of the interaction and the model's response:

`<|startofinstruction|>`O que é um modelo de linguagem?`<|endofinstruction|>`Um modelo de linguagem é uma distribuição de probabilidade sobre um vocabulário.`<|endofcompletion|>`

```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('nicholasKluge/Aira-2-portuguese-124M')
aira = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained('nicholasKluge/Aira-2-portuguese-124M')

aira.eval()
aira.to(device)

question =  input("Enter your question: ")

inputs = tokenizer(tokenizer.bos_token + question + tokenizer.sep_token,
  add_special_tokens=False,
  return_tensors="pt").to(device)

responses = aira.generate(**inputs,	num_return_sequences=2)

print(f"Question: 👤 {question}\n")

for i, response in  enumerate(responses):
	print(f'Response {i+1}: 🤖 {tokenizer.decode(response, skip_special_tokens=True).replace(question, "")}')
```

The model will output something like:

```markdown
>>> Question: 👤 Qual a capital do Brasil?

>>>Response 1: 🤖 A capital do Brasil é Brasília.
>>>Response 2: 🤖 A capital do Brasil é Brasília.
```

## Limitations

🤥 Generative models can perpetuate the generation of pseudo-informative content, that is, false information that may appear truthful.

🤬 In certain types of tasks, generative models can produce harmful and discriminatory content inspired by historical stereotypes.

## Evaluation

| Model (gpt2-portuguese)                                                               | Average   | [ARC](https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.05457) | [TruthfulQA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.07958) | [ToxiGen](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.09509) |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| [Aira-2-portuguese-124M](https://huggingface.co/nicholasKluge/Aira-2-portuguese-124M) | **34.73** | **24.87**                               | 40.60                                          | None                                        |
| gpt2-small-portuguese                                                                 | 31.96     | 22.48                                   | **41.44**                                      | None                                        |

* Evaluations were performed using the [Language Model Evaluation Harness](https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness) (by [EleutherAI](https://www.eleuther.ai/)). The ToxiGen evaluation was not performed because the task is not available in Portuguese. Thanks to [Laiviet](https://github.com/laiviet/lm-evaluation-harness) for translating some of the tasks in the LM-Evaluation-Harness. 

## Cite as 🤗

```latex

@misc{nicholas22aira,
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6989727},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/nicholasKluge/Aira-2-portuguese-124M},
  author = {Nicholas Kluge Corrêa},
  title = {Aira},
  year = {2023},
  publisher = {HuggingFace},
  journal = {HuggingFace repository},
}

```

## License

The `Aira-2-portuguese-124M` is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for more details.