{ "maintainer_contact": "jbg@umiacs.umd.edu", "maintainer_name": "jbg", "maintainer_website": "http://qanta.org", "questions": [ { "answer": "Kingdom of Sweden [or Konungariket Sverige]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One film produced in this country takes place on St. Sylvester's Night, and sees the protagonist David come to terms with his past wrongdoings; that film is The Phantom Chariot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sweden", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506d62", "qanta_id": 17, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "One film produced in this country takes place on St. Sylvester's Night, and sees the protagonist David come to terms with his past wrongdoings; that film is The Phantom Chariot. Another film from this country centers on a medical professor thinking of Marianne and Sara on a trip to receive an honorary degree. Martin Luther King, Jr. briefly appears in a 1967 film by a director from this country that was deemed pornographic in Massachusetts, I Am Curious [Yellow]. The most notable director from this country captured Best Foreign Language Film Oscars for The Virgin Spring and Through a Glass Darkly and directed a film about a knight who plays chess with Death. For 10 points, name this country, the home of the director of The Seventh Seal, Ingmar Bergman.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 310 ], [ 311, 467 ], [ 468, 666 ], [ 667, 762 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ivan Turgenev", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A drunken scene follows a singing contest in this author's story \"The Singer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_Turgenev", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506d77", "qanta_id": 38, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A drunken scene follows a singing contest in this author's story \"The Singer.\" Five boys guarding horses tell ghost stories around a fire in another of his stories called \"Bezhin Lea.\" Liza joins a convent after the appearance of Lavretsky's supposed-dead wife in one of his novels, while Elena's interaction with a Bulgarian patriot forms the basis of another of his works. This author of Home of the Gentry and On the Eve also wrote about Natasha's failed love with the title nobleman in Rudin, as well as an account about a man bed-ridden in Sheep's Springs with only two weeks to live, Chulkaturin. For 10 points, name this author of Diary of a Superfluous Man, A Sportsman's Sketches, and a novel about Arkardy Kirsanov and the nihilist Bazarov, Fathers and Sons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 77, 78 ], [ 79, 184 ], [ 185, 374 ], [ 375, 602 ], [ 603, 768 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Friedrich von Hayek", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This economist connects cosmos and taxis with thesis and nomos in three volumes entitled \"Rules and Order,\" He wrote \"The Mirage of Social Justice\" in a work entitled Law, Legislation, and Liberty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Hayek", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506d82", "qanta_id": 49, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Economics", "text": "This economist connects cosmos and taxis with thesis and nomos in three volumes entitled \"Rules and Order,\" He wrote \"The Mirage of Social Justice\" in a work entitled Law, Legislation, and Liberty. Oskar Ryszard Lange was rebuked by this economist in an essay entitled \"The Use of Knowledge in Society,\" which is contained in a work entitled Individualism and Economic Order. Three parts entitled \"The Value of Freedom,\" \"Freedom and the Law,\" and \"Freedom in the Welfare State\" comprise his The Constitution of Liberty, which he appended with the postscript \"Why I am Not a Conservative.\" For 10 points, name this Austrian-born economist who used Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union as examples of arguing that collectivism tends to lead to tyranny in The Road to Serfdom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 375 ], [ 376, 558 ], [ 559, 589 ], [ 590, 771 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ottoman Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One reform proclamation in this polity was the \"Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber,\" and a period of reform here was known as the Tulip Period.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ottoman_Empire", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506d8d", "qanta_id": 60, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One reform proclamation in this polity was the \"Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber,\" and a period of reform here was known as the Tulip Period. This polity employed local governors called Armatoles. Karayazici led bandits here in the Jelali revolts. This nation used land grants called Timar, and it employed the devsirme system. Treaties governing the rights of foreigners here were known as Capitulations. This nation undertook the Tanzimat reforms, and its government was referred to as the Sublime Porte. Local rebellions against this polity were led by Alexander Ypsilanti and by Muhammad Ali. The dissolution of this empire was accomplished by the treaties of Lausanne and S\u00e8vres. For 10 points, name this \"sick man of Europe,\" an empire lasting until 1922 in Istanbul.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 195 ], [ 196, 246 ], [ 247, 326 ], [ 327, 404 ], [ 405, 505 ], [ 506, 595 ], [ 596, 683 ], [ 684, 772 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Locke", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Two volumes about this thinker titled Epistemology and Ontology were written by M.R. Ayers, one of the foremost authorities on this man's work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Locke", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506d9f", "qanta_id": 78, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "Two volumes about this thinker titled Epistemology and Ontology were written by M.R. Ayers, one of the foremost authorities on this man's work. One work by this author argues that magistrates are limited by having only external authority, while the title attitude helps to eliminate civil unrest. Originally written to Phillip van Limborch, addressed as \"Honored Sir,\" that work still condemns atheists as untrustworthy. This author wrote a work whose first section is directed against Filmer's defense of the divine right of kings. The second part of that work by this author claims that property results when work is done to improve nature, and outlines the shift from a state of nature to civil society. For 10 points, name this British philosopher who wrote Two Treatises of Government.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 296 ], [ 297, 420 ], [ 421, 532 ], [ 533, 706 ], [ 707, 790 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Genghis Khan [or Chinggis Khan or other reasonably close answers; accept Tem\u00fcjin before it is read]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler's chief justice was Shigi Qutuqu, and he also appointed the minister Yel\u00fc Chucai.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Genghis_Khan", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506da8", "qanta_id": 87, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This ruler's chief justice was Shigi Qutuqu, and he also appointed the minister Yel\u00fc Chucai. An account of travels to this ruler's court was published as the Journey to the West of the Taoist monk Kiu Chang Chun. This promulgator of the Yasa law code was served by the general Jebe, who died soon after a victory at the Battle of the Kalka River. A prime source for this ruler's life is a Secret History, and he rose to power by allying with the Kerait ruler Toghrul before fighting a power struggle with Jamuka. This ruler conquered the Khwarezmid Empire and invaded the Tangut kingdom of Western Xia. This man's general Subotai would go on to serve his son and successor, Og\u00ebd\u00ebi. For 10 points, name this conqueror, born Tem\u00fcjin, who united the steppe tribes and founded the Mongol Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 212 ], [ 213, 346 ], [ 347, 512 ], [ 513, 602 ], [ 603, 673 ], [ 674, 681 ], [ 682, 722 ], [ 723, 791 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "\u00a0mitochondria\u00a0[or\u00a0mitochondrion]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Drosophila, the fuzzy onions gene regulates the fusion of these organelles in sperm, which creates the nebenkern.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506da9", "qanta_id": 88, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "In Drosophila, the fuzzy onions gene regulates the fusion of these organelles in sperm, which creates the nebenkern. One disease that affects these organelles results in a \"salt-and-pepper\" pigmentation of the retina. In another disease, these organelles take the appearance of \"ragged red fibers\" under a Gomori trichrome stain. In addition to the aforementioned Kearns-Sayre syndrome, the TIM/TOM complex sees the translocation of proteins into them. Enzymatic abnormalities in these organelles can result in significant oxidative stress, and cytochrome C is found within these structures. It contains inner compartments called cristae. For 10 points, name these organelles with namesake matrilineal DNA, known as the \"powerhouse\" of the cell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 217 ], [ 218, 329 ], [ 330, 452 ], [ 453, 591 ], [ 592, 638 ], [ 639, 745 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Trial [accept Der Prozess]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At one point in this work, the protagonist walks into a lumber room, where he sees a Whipper preparing to flog the two warders whom the protagonist complained about due to their behavior during an earlier interrogation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Trial", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506db0", "qanta_id": 95, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "At one point in this work, the protagonist walks into a lumber room, where he sees a Whipper preparing to flog the two warders whom the protagonist complained about due to their behavior during an earlier interrogation. Later in this work, the protagonist is made to escort an Italian around the city, but is told by Leni just before leaving his office, \"They're goading you.\" The novel ends with the protagonist, who had purchased three identical paintings from Titorelli, waving to a figure in a distant house while being stabbed to death in a quarry on the outskirts of his town. It was edited by Max Brod after its author's death. For 10 points, name this novel that describes the titular proceeding concerning an undisclosed crime committed by the protagonist, Josef K., written by Franz Kafka?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 375 ], [ 375, 582 ], [ 583, 634 ], [ 635, 799 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "inflation", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Tobin effect shows how this phenomenon encourages investors to place their money in real capital projects.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inflation", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506de4", "qanta_id": 147, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Economics", "text": "The Tobin effect shows how this phenomenon encourages investors to place their money in real capital projects. Its \"built-in\" form comes from adaptive expectations and is part of Gordon's \"triangle model.\" Tobin and Mundell showed that real economic effects can occur from expectation of this phenomenon, which can lead to inefficiencies from shoe-leather and menu costs. The existence of this phenomenon prevents a \"liquidity trap.\" The Fisher hypothesis argues that the real interest rate is independent of this phenomenon, which is measured by changes in the GDP deflator or CPI. For 10 points, name this phenomenon, coming in \"cost-push\" and \"demand-pull\" varieties, which causes the consumer price index to rise as money becomes devalued.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 204 ], [ 204, 205 ], [ 206, 371 ], [ 372, 432 ], [ 432, 433 ], [ 434, 582 ], [ 583, 743 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Yasunari Kawabata [accept names in either order]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's stories, Sayoko's letter to her mother reports how the titular defect angered her husband.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506df7", "qanta_id": 166, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one of this author's stories, Sayoko's letter to her mother reports how the titular defect angered her husband. In addition to writing \"The Pomegranate\" and \"The Mole,\" this author created a character who writes the book A Girl of Sixteen about his affair with Otoko Ueno. Keiko Sakami ruins that character created by this author, Toshio Oki. This author of Beauty and Sadness wrote about a man who is an expert on Western ballet, despite never seeing one, in a novel that includes a fire in a silk-cocoon warehouse during a film screening. That novel by this author is about the love triangle between Yoko, the geisha Komako, and the businessman Shimamura. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of Snow Country and The Sound of the Mountain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 275 ], [ 276, 345 ], [ 346, 543 ], [ 544, 660 ], [ 661, 748 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Bela Bartok", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man composed choral work based on a colinda about sons turned into stags called \"Cantata Profana.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B\u00e9la_Bart\u00f3k", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506e00", "qanta_id": 175, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This man composed choral work based on a colinda about sons turned into stags called \"Cantata Profana.\" The piano suite Out of Doors was completed by this composer of the trio Contrasts and the solo piano piece \"Allegro barbaro.\" A third piano concerto and a viola concerto were left unfinished at his death, while another of his works features a second section called \"Game of the Couples\" and a fourth section parodying Shostakovich's Leningrad Symphony. A plucked string that rebounds off the fingerboard is known as his \"pizzicato,\" while \"Six Dances in Bulgarian Rhythm\" are part of his set of 153 piano pieces. The composer of Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta, this is, for 10 points, which Hungarian composer of Concerto for Orchestra and Mikrokosmos?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 102, 228 ], [ 228, 456 ], [ 457, 616 ], [ 617, 768 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Yukio Mishima [or Kimitake Hiraoka; accept both names in either order]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work, this author claimed to be contaminated by the \"corrosive power of words\" and asserted that the male body exists in a form that rejects existence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yukio_Mishima", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506e3a", "qanta_id": 233, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one work, this author claimed to be contaminated by the \"corrosive power of words\" and asserted that the male body exists in a form that rejects existence. In that work, he also expressed his desire to become a \"man of action.\" As a child, one of this man's protagonists watches a group of men carrying a portable shrine who trample his family's garden. That character first ejaculates to a Guido Reni painting of Saint Sebastian and becomes infatuated with his classmate Omi. This author also created a character who antagonizes Father Dosen and befriends the clubfooted Kashiwagi. This author of Sun and Steel described Kochan's struggles with homosexuality in Confessions of a Mask. For 10 points, name this man who wrote about Mizoguchi in Temple of the Golden Pavilion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 230 ], [ 231, 356 ], [ 357, 479 ], [ 480, 585 ], [ 586, 688 ], [ 689, 777 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Tartuffe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one scene in this work, one character reveals that she does not trust the valet Laurent and believes that Daphne and her little husband are slandering her family.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tartuffe", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506e42", "qanta_id": 241, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one scene in this work, one character reveals that she does not trust the valet Laurent and believes that Daphne and her little husband are slandering her family. Argas, a political exile, has his political secrets kept in a casket entrusted to one character in this work, whose mother, Madame Pernelle, eventually believes that the title character is a villain when being evicted by the bailiff Loyal. Damis witnesses the title character's attempted seduction of his mother, which occurs in spite of the title character's betrothal to Valere's daughter Mariane. For 10 points, name this play about Orgon and the title hypocritical houseguest, a play by Moliere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 405 ], [ 406, 565 ], [ 566, 665 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Brave New World", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this novel, a gorilla wedding is captured on film by a character named Darwin Bonaparte.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brave_New_World", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506e47", "qanta_id": 246, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this novel, a gorilla wedding is captured on film by a character named Darwin Bonaparte. An Hourly Radio reporter named Primo Mellon is beaten up at a Wey Valley lighthouse by one character in this work, who also swears in Zu\u00f1i while refusing to meet the Arch-Community Songster. While on vacation in New Mexico, this novel's protagonist visits a community known as Malpais. This book opens with a description of the Bokanovsky process on a tour led by Thomakin, whose son is later found by the protagonist and Lenina Crowne. Its protagonist and his friend Helmholtz Watson are eventually exiled by the World Controller Mustapha Mond. For 10 points, name this novel about Bernard Marx and John the Savage that features the drug soma, a work of Aldous Huxley.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 282 ], [ 283, 377 ], [ 378, 528 ], [ 529, 637 ], [ 638, 761 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "trumpet", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Vincent Persichetti's Parables XIV and XXV were written for this instrument, which has a secondary solo role in Shostakovich's First Piano Concerto.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trumpet", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506e4f", "qanta_id": 254, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Vincent Persichetti's Parables XIV and XXV were written for this instrument, which has a secondary solo role in Shostakovich's First Piano Concerto.\u00a0Three of them are employed at the opening of Ashkenazy's orchestration of Pictures at an Exhibition, as opposed to the one usually used. Joseph Hummel wrote a concerto for this instrument for Anton Weidinger, for whom another pioneering work for this instrument was written to utilize a \"keyed\" version to access low-register chromatic notes not on the overtone scale. It is featured in a notable Concerto in E-flat by Joseph Haydn. The titular five-note query in Charles Ives' The Unanswered Question is played by this instrument. For 10 points, name this valved brass instrument, whose jazz virtuosi include Louis Armstrong.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 285 ], [ 286, 517 ], [ 518, 581 ], [ 582, 680 ], [ 681, 775 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jacques-{Louis David} ", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist painted Venus and Apollo observing Achilles commemorating the death of his friend in The Funeral of Patroclus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jacques-Louis_David", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506e73", "qanta_id": 290, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "This artist painted Venus and Apollo observing Achilles commemorating the death of his friend in The Funeral of Patroclus. Another of his works shows the titular scientist sitting at a red table covered in chemistry equipment while his wife leans over him. The subject of another of his paintings lays on an Empire-style sofa and looks over her shoulder. This artist of portraits of Antoine Lavoisier and Madame Recamier painted a work in which three men extend their hands towards a fourth man holding three swords. Another of his works shows the title character reaching for a cup of hemlock. For 10 points, name this artist of Oath of the Horatii and Death of Socrates, who depicted a revolutionary in his bathtub holding a note in The Death of Marat.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 256 ], [ 257, 354 ], [ 355, 516 ], [ 517, 594 ], [ 595, 754 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Chronicle of a Death Foretold [or Cronica de una muerte anunciada]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The narrator of this work recalls digging through the flooded Palace of Justice to recover 322 pages of a brief.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chronicle_of_a_Death_Foretold", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506e7e", "qanta_id": 301, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The narrator of this work recalls digging through the flooded Palace of Justice to recover 322 pages of a brief. One character in this work confuses the bad omen of birds with the good omen of trees when interpreting her son's dream. Another character in this novel writes weekly letters for seventeen years until her former lover returns them all unopened. Father Amador is distracted from its title event by the arrival of the bishop on a steamboat, and that event is sparked after Bayardo San Roman returns one character to her mother. The butcher Faustino is asked to sharpen two pairs of knives in this work; those knives are used by the Vicario twins after their sister Angela informs them that Santiago Nasar took her virginity. For 10 points, name this 1981 novella by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 233 ], [ 234, 357 ], [ 358, 538 ], [ 539, 735 ], [ 736, 800 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Andrew Jackson", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man imprisoned Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Callava and then successfully defeated a writ of habeas corpus issued by Eligius Fromentin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Andrew_Jackson", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506e96", "qanta_id": 325, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This man imprisoned Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Callava and then successfully defeated a writ of habeas corpus issued by Eligius Fromentin. This man asked the president to send him tacit support in a letter from John Rhea, and he sent Edmund P. Gaines to destroy the so-called \"Negro Fort.\" This man hung two British citizens in the Arbuthnot-Ambrister affair, and he was the victor at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Congress granted this man the right to use the army to ensure tariff collection with the Force Bill, and one of his programs was championed by Senator Thomas Hart Benton and by his Treasury Secretary, Levi Woodbury. For 10 points, name this president who issued the Specie Circular and vetoed the attempted re-charter of the Second Bank of the United States.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 272 ], [ 272, 398 ], [ 399, 614 ], [ 615, 757 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "August Strindberg", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A librarian is saved from death via self-caused pneumonia in France, but the arrival of the Baroness leads to their relationship in this author's The Confession of a Fool, while Frederick's mother jumps out the window of the burning house while Frederick and his wife embrace each other at the end of another of his works.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "August_Strindberg", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506e98", "qanta_id": 327, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A librarian is saved from death via self-caused pneumonia in France, but the arrival of the Baroness leads to their relationship in this author's The Confession of a Fool, while Frederick's mother jumps out the window of the burning house while Frederick and his wife embrace each other at the end of another of his works. This author also wrote about Indra's visit to Earth in another work, while Hummel attempts to set up his daughter with the student Arkenholz in another work. This author of The Pelican, A Dream Play, and The Ghost Sonata may be better known for a work about Laura's struggle over how to raise Bertha, as well as one about Jean's relationship with the count's daughter. The author of The Father and Miss Julie, this is, for 10 points, which Swedish dramatist?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 322 ], [ 323, 480 ], [ 481, 691 ], [ 692, 781 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Balder [or Baldr or Baldur; accept Vegtamskvida or Baldrs draumar or equivalents until \u201cthis figure\u201d]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character resurrects a dead volva in order to help cure this figure's nightmares in the Vegtamskvida, a poem also known as this character's \"dreams.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baldr", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506ea6", "qanta_id": 341, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "One character resurrects a dead volva in order to help cure this figure's nightmares in the Vegtamskvida, a poem also known as this character's \"dreams.\" His hall is said to lie in the place of the \"fewest baneful runes.\" The wolf-riding giantess Hyrrokkin was once asked to launch this character's ship. The son of this resident of Breidablik lived in Glitnir, from which he settled disputes. The giantess Thokk refused Hermod's pleas to weep for this owner of Breidablik, which resulted in Loki being bound in a cave until Ragnarok. This owner of Hringhorni was the husband of Nanna and Forseti, and he was eventually avenged by his half-brother Vali. For 10 points, identify this son of Odin who was accidentally killed by his brother Hodr, the most beautiful of the Aesir.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 220 ], [ 220, 304 ], [ 305, 393 ], [ 394, 534 ], [ 535, 653 ], [ 654, 776 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "\u00a0HIV\u00a0[or\u00a0human immunodeficiency virus]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The major structural proteins of these entities use the PTAP motif to recruit the ESCRT-1 [\"escort-one\"] complex and the LYPxL motif to recruit the ALIX protein in order to facilitate the budding process.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "HIV", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506ea7", "qanta_id": 342, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The major structural proteins of these entities use the PTAP motif to recruit the ESCRT-1 [\"escort-one\"] complex and the LYPxL motif to recruit the ALIX protein in order to facilitate the budding process. In addition to possessing the Gag polyprotein, these entities produce the Vif protein which counteracts the effects of the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G. They are unable to infect individuals who possess a homozygous 32 base pair deletion in the CCR5 protein. The glycoprotein gp120 found on them allows them to dock onto CD4 receptors, and azidothymidine is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is used to treat infections by this agent. For 10 points, name this retrovirus that mostly infects immune cells and which causes AIDS.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 356 ], [ 357, 462 ], [ 463, 643 ], [ 644, 735 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Diego Velazquez", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "While in Rome, this artist depicted a muscular title character who brandishes white-hot iron in one hand while Apollo enters the central scene.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diego_Vel\u00e1zquez", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506eab", "qanta_id": 346, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "While in Rome, this artist depicted a muscular title character who brandishes white-hot iron in one hand while Apollo enters the central scene. This artist depicted the voluminous black hair of a man wearing a green coat in one of his portraits. A drunken outdoor feast culminates in the drunken crowning one of the revelers in this artist's work that shows the triumph of Bacchus. This artist of a portrait of Juan de Pareja and Los Borrachos showed the titular goddess's face reflected towards the viewer in his Rokeby Venus. He also depicted Ambrosio Spinola receiving the keys of a city in a painting also sometimes called \"The Lances.\" For 10 points, name this artist who depicted the Surrender of Breda and also painted a dwarf and a large dog next to the Infanta Margarita in his Las Meninas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 245 ], [ 246, 381 ], [ 382, 527 ], [ 528, 639 ], [ 639, 799 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Edvard Grieg", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Gary Karr arranged this composer's cello sonata in A Minor as a double bass concerto, while folk music collected by Lindeman gave inspiration to four symphonic dances, the Opus 64 of this composer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506ead", "qanta_id": 348, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Gary Karr arranged this composer's cello sonata in A Minor as a double bass concerto, while folk music collected by Lindeman gave inspiration to four symphonic dances, the Opus 64 of this composer. He included two wordless Hallings in his Album for Male Chorus, while a drum roll and a set of octaves played by the solo instrument open this composer's famous piano concerto in A Minor. An Arietta is the first of the 66 short piano pieces in one collection by this composer, whose lament The Death of Ase accompanies the title mountain outlaw's return just in time for his mother's death in part of another work. For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer whose works include his Lyric Pieces and In the Hall of the Mountain King, which is part of the incidental music to Peer Gynt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 385 ], [ 386, 612 ], [ 613, 783 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Russia", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An art movement from this country produced the masterpiece Red Furniture by Robert Falk.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506ec0", "qanta_id": 367, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "An art movement from this country produced the masterpiece Red Furniture by Robert Falk. Black birds fly around a pyramid of skulls in a painting from this country titled The Apotheosis of War. One painter from this country showed a woman in black standing out of her chair while a returning soldier is admitted to the room. Unexpected Visitors was painted by an artist who created another work depicting a group writing a reply to Sultan Mehmet IV. A modernist movement here was the Jack of Diamonds, while another artist from this country painted the titular \"Black Square\" on a white background. For 10 points, name this country home to Ilya Repin and the Suprematism movement led by Kazimir Malevich.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 193 ], [ 194, 324 ], [ 325, 449 ], [ 450, 598 ], [ 599, 704 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "entropy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "For an ideal gas, this quantity is equal to the number of moles times Boltzmann's constant, times the sum of five halves and the natural log of the quantity one over moles times volume divided by the cube of the thermal wavelength.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506ec8", "qanta_id": 375, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "For an ideal gas, this quantity is equal to the number of moles times Boltzmann's constant, times the sum of five halves and the natural log of the quantity one over moles times volume divided by the cube of the thermal wavelength. For molecules in a solid, this quantity can be expressed as one over temperature times the difference between internal energy and zero point energy, plus the natural log of the rotational partition function times the product of moles and Boltzmann's constant. This quantity is also equal to the enthalpy minus Gibbs free energy, all over temperature. It is always increasing by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. For 10 points, give this thermodynamic quantity symbolized S, which measures the amount of disorder in a system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 231 ], [ 232, 491 ], [ 492, 582 ], [ 583, 643 ], [ 644, 756 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Artemis", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of the most famous cult practices associated with this deity involves a ritual called the arkteia which involves the imitation of bears.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Artemis", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506ed8", "qanta_id": 390, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "One of the most famous cult practices associated with this deity involves a ritual called the arkteia which involves the imitation of bears. This rite was practiced at Brauron in Attica, a sacred site which Iphigenia was said to have established to placate this deity. The cult of Orthia was also associated with this deity and included the diamastigosis, the ritual whipping of youths as they attempted to steal cheese from an altar. This goddess also came to be associated with the lover of Endymion, the titaness Selene. She is also credited with slaying the twelve grandchildren of Tantalus after Niobe boasted of her children's beauty, and shooting arrows that caused the death of women in childbirth. For 10 points, name this daughter of Leto and sister of Apollo, the Greek goddess of the hunt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 268 ], [ 269, 434 ], [ 435, 523 ], [ 524, 706 ], [ 707, 801 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Luigi Pirandello", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about a husband who goes mad after his wife comments that his nose tilts to the right in One, None, and One Hundred Thousand.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Luigi_Pirandello", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506ee9", "qanta_id": 407, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote about a husband who goes mad after his wife comments that his nose tilts to the right in One, None, and One Hundred Thousand. One work by this author sees a man escape to Monte Carlo where he discovers his family has declared him dead, and another work takes place within the audience where the stage manager Dr. Hinkfuss proclaim himself the author. In addition to writing Tonight We Improvise, this author described a character who falls off a horse and believes he is the titular Holy Roman emperor. He also wrote a play in which the Manager becomes angry at the title group of actors who rehearse in Madame Pace's shop. For 10 points, name this Italian author who wrote Henry IV and Six Characters in Search of an Author.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 368 ], [ 369, 399 ], [ 400, 520 ], [ 521, 641 ], [ 642, 743 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Gaius Valerius Catullus", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's poems condemns a man who goes to parties and steals people's napkins, and another describes a voyage home on a boat that resembles a bean pod.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catullus", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506ef2", "qanta_id": 416, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One of this author's poems condemns a man who goes to parties and steals people's napkins, and another describes a voyage home on a boat that resembles a bean pod. This author addressed his town Sirmio as \"the most pleasant of peninsulas,\" and asks for more kisses than grains of sand in the desert in another poem. He translated Callimachus's poem \"The Lock of Berence,\" and this member of the Neoteric group dedicated his collection of poems called \"nugae\" to Cornelius Nepos. This figure's more famous poems include one about the death of his lover's sparrow, and one beginning \"ave atque vale\" on the death of his brother. For 10 points, name this Roman poet who wrote poems to Lesbia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 315 ], [ 316, 478 ], [ 479, 626 ], [ 627, 689 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Honore de Balzac", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This writer described Master Frenhofer creating a portrait in which nothing is visible except for a foot in the story The Unknown Masterpiece.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Honor\u00e9_de_Balzac", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506f28", "qanta_id": 470, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This writer described Master Frenhofer creating a portrait in which nothing is visible except for a foot in the story The Unknown Masterpiece. This author wrote a novel in which the narrator is surprised to learn that the model for a portrait of Adonis is the castrato opera singer Zambinella, who was obsessively pursued by the title artist. In another book the title character facilitates the downfall of Baron Hulot after he arranges for his daughter Hortense to marry Count Steinbock. In addition to writing Sarrasine, this author wrote a novel in which neither of the title character's daughters, Anastasie or Delphine, go to his funeral, which is attended by Eugene de Rastignac. For 10 points, name this French author who included Cousin Bette and La Pere Goriot in his series The Human Comedy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 342 ], [ 343, 488 ], [ 489, 685 ], [ 686, 801 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ethica [or Ethics]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Michael Hardt's preface to Negri's book The Savage Anomaly discusses this work's usage of the terms \"potestas\" and \"potentia\", and is entitled \"The Anatomy of Power\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethics_(Spinoza)", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506f41", "qanta_id": 495, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "Michael Hardt's preface to Negri's book The Savage Anomaly discusses this work's usage of the terms \"potestas\" and \"potentia\", and is entitled \"The Anatomy of Power\". This work criticizes those who argue that \"God made all thigns for the sake of himself\", by calling the will of God the \"sanctuary of ignorance\". This work's section on \"The Power of the Understanding\", is concerned with emotions and begins by examining \"Mental Freedom or Blessedness;\" that section also defines the concepts of good, evil, contingent, and possible. Its second section on the \"nature and origin of the mind\", contains a \"digression on the nature of bodies\", that introduces several new axioms. Containing a subsection called \"Of Human Bondage\", it outlines an argument against Cartesian dualism using proofs in the style of geometry. For 10 points, name this treatise by Baruch Spinoza.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 312 ], [ 313, 533 ], [ 534, 677 ], [ 678, 817 ], [ 818, 870 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "\u00a0Isis", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This figure was the protector\u00a0of\u00a0Imsety\u00a0on Earth, and\u00a0Nemty lost his toes as a result of bring this deity to Central Island.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isis", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506f5c", "qanta_id": 522, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "This figure was the protector\u00a0of\u00a0Imsety\u00a0on Earth, and\u00a0Nemty lost his toes as a result of bring this deity to Central Island.In one quest, this figure\u00a0was accompanied by 7 scorpions as guardians, and in a story paralleling that of Demeter, this figure tried to grant immortality to the son of Astarte while serving as her nursemaid en route to discovering a certain item in a fragrant tree of the palace. By mixing\u00a0a\u00a0certain\u00a0god's saliva with mud\u00a0to create\u00a0the first cobra, this figure was able to\u00a0get that god, Ra, to reveal his secret name. This figure cut off her black hair and destroyed her robes when her husband entered that box made of cedar, ebony, and ivory, though she later reassembled the pieces of his body.\u00a0For 10 points, name this\u00a0first daughter of Geb and Nut, the goddess of fertility and\u00a0wife of Osiris.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 124, 403 ], [ 404, 541 ], [ 542, 720 ], [ 721, 821 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jack London", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about a man who assassinates General Juan Alvarado before winning a boxing match against Danny Ward in \"The Mexican\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jack_London", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905506f61", "qanta_id": 527, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote about a man who assassinates General Juan Alvarado before winning a boxing match against Danny Ward in \"The Mexican\". Another work by this author describes the Nashville Massacre, where eight hundred weavers were killed, and is written as the manuscript of Avis Everhard, who tried to sabotage \"The Oligarchy\". This author of The Iron Heel wrote about a man who ignores the warnings of the \"old-timer on Sulphur Creek\" and freezes to death after a tree dumps snow on his work. The protagonist of another novel defeats Spitz to become leader of a team before the Yee-hat Indians kill his master, John Thorton. For 10 points, name this author of \"To Build a Fire\" who wrote about the sled dog Buck in The Call of the Wild.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 328 ], [ 329, 494 ], [ 495, 626 ], [ 627, 738 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Nadine Gordimer", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters finds the erotic handbook Eros Himself, which leads him to discover his son Terry is gay.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905507002", "qanta_id": 688, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One of this author's characters finds the erotic handbook Eros Himself, which leads him to discover his son Terry is gay. In another novel a man dream that pigs' blood covers his penis, but later realizes it was his wife's menstruation; and that wife recalls looking at a photo in Life magazine showing herself as a child with her servant Lydia, who holds her backpack. This author wrote about Paul Bannerman's struggle with thyroid cancer in Get a Life. She wrote a novel ending when Maureen runs toward a helicopter after Bamford's gun is stolen by a tribesman. For 10 points, name this South African author who wrote about Mehring in The Conservationist and the Smales family in July's People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 369 ], [ 370, 454 ], [ 455, 563 ], [ 564, 696 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Felix Mendelssohn", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer set a text by Goethe about Druids fighting Christian persecution in his cantata, Die Erste Walpurgisnacht.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905507015", "qanta_id": 707, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer set a text by Goethe about Druids fighting Christian persecution in his cantata, Die Erste Walpurgisnacht. The minuet from his First Symphony is sometimes replaced with a version of the scherzo from his String Octet in E-flat. In his teen years, this composer wrote an overture for a play for which he would later write a wedding march. One of his symphonies ends with a presto saltarello finale, while another was written on the same trip that inspired his Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, name this composer of Scottish and Italian symphonies and incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 240 ], [ 241, 350 ], [ 351, 490 ], [ 491, 610 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Coltrane", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist added Pharoah Sanders and Rasheed Ali to his usual quartet for the album Meditations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Coltrane", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca90550701a", "qanta_id": 712, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "This artist added Pharoah Sanders and Rasheed Ali to his usual quartet for the album Meditations. His collaborations with bass clarinetist Eric Dolphy include the album Africa/Brass, which contains a reworking of \"Greensleeves\" by this artist's long-time pianist, McCoy Tyner. One of his albums contains a track named for the bassist Paul Chambers, \"Mr. P.C.\", and the ballad, \"Naima.\" Sections titled \"Acknowledgment\" and \"Pursuance\" form parts of a later spiritual album. For 10 points, name this tenor saxophonist whose notey, arpeggiated style was described as \"sheets of sound\" and can be found on the albums Giant Steps and A Love Supreme.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 278 ], [ 278, 385 ], [ 385, 474 ], [ 475, 646 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "oxidation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One type of this reaction uses DMSO and oxalyl choloride at about negative 78 degrees Celsius to generate a ketone, and another type can use peracids to convert cyclic ketones into lactones.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Redox", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca90550701b", "qanta_id": 713, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One type of this reaction uses DMSO and oxalyl choloride at about negative 78 degrees Celsius to generate a ketone, and another type can use peracids to convert cyclic ketones into lactones. In addition to the type named for Swern, a reaction of this type catalyzed by chromium trioxide, its namesake's \"reagent,\" converts secondary alcohols into ketones. The Baeyer-Villiger and Jones are types of this reaction, for which a Lewis structure can be employed to determine its namesake state. For 10 points, name this type of reaction in which an atom loses an electron, contrasted with a reduction.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 355 ], [ 356, 490 ], [ 491, 597 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Romania", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The first king of this nation got the steel to make a royal crown through his victory at the Battle of Plevna.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romania", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca90550701c", "qanta_id": 714, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "The first king of this nation got the steel to make a royal crown through his victory at the Battle of Plevna. The far-right Legion of the Archangel Michael spawned the fascist Iron Guard in this country. One dictator in this country lost support for his rule after he ordered protestors supporting Laszlo Tokes in Timisoara to be fired upon. That ruler of this country succeeded Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and was killed while trying to flee this country with his wife Elena on Christmas Day. For 10 points, name this eastern European country that was ruled by a Communist regime until a 1989 revolution against Nicolae Ceausescu's rule in Bucharest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 205 ], [ 206, 343 ], [ 344, 490 ], [ 491, 648 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Frank Gehry", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This architect included a ribbon-like spiral staircase in his renovations of the Art Gallery of Ontario.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Gehry", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca90550702c", "qanta_id": 730, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "This architect included a ribbon-like spiral staircase in his renovations of the Art Gallery of Ontario. A large pair of binoculars dominates the center of his Chiat/Day Building. He included a \"Sky Church\" in a building whose structure was inspired by pictures of guitars. He also designed a building inspired by Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, his Dancing House in Prague. This architect used random computer-generated curves to invoke the structure of a ship for a building that sits along the Nervion River. For 10 points, name this Canadian architect of Seattle's Experience Music Project and the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 179 ], [ 180, 273 ], [ 274, 374 ], [ 375, 511 ], [ 512, 630 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Fibonacci numbers [or Fibonacci sequence]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The period of these numbers modulo m is equal to m if and only if 24 times 5 to the lambda where lambda is an integer greater than or equal to zero.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fibonacci_number", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905507044", "qanta_id": 754, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "The period of these numbers modulo m is equal to m if and only if 24 times 5 to the lambda where lambda is an integer greater than or equal to zero. Cassini's Identity is on these numbers. The Euclidean Algorithm's worst case occurs when finding the greatest common denominator of two of these numbers according to Lame's Theorem. The closed form solution is called Binet's formula, and as n goes to infinity, the nth one of these numbers divided by the previous one approaches the golden ratio. They were used by their namesake to solve a problem about the population of breeding rabbits. For 10 points, name this sequence of numbers that start with 1, 1, 2, 3, and 5.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 188 ], [ 189, 332 ], [ 332, 496 ], [ 497, 590 ], [ 591, 670 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Graham Greene", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, the Communist Carson helps the wife of Maurice Castle escape to South Africa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Graham_Greene", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905507049", "qanta_id": 759, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one of this author's works, the Communist Carson helps the wife of Maurice Castle escape to South Africa. Another of his works features the vacuum cleaner salesman James Wormold, who is offered a job by Hawthorne. This author of The Human Factor also wrote a work in which Sarah Miles promises God to stop seeing Maurice Bendrix if he should survive his injury from an explosion. However, this author is better known for a novel set in Mexico featuring characters such as The Mestizo, Coral Fellows, and the Whiskey Priest. For 10 points, name this British author of Our Man in Havana, The End of the Affair, and The Power and the Glory.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 216 ], [ 217, 382 ], [ 383, 526 ], [ 527, 588 ], [ 589, 640 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "David Ricardo", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This economist's theories were revived in Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities by Piero Sraffa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Ricardo", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905507056", "qanta_id": 772, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Economics", "text": "This economist's theories were revived in Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities by Piero Sraffa. This man invoked Say's Law in suggesting that a general glut was impossible. He published an essay stating that raising the tariff on grain imports would lead to decreased manufacturing profits and increased rent. He linked the price of commodities to the amount of time expended in their production in his labor theory of values. This man stated that working wages would remain near subsistence level, his Iron Law of Wages. For 10 points, name this author of Principles of Political Economy and Taxation who explained the theory of comparative advantage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 185 ], [ 186, 322 ], [ 323, 439 ], [ 440, 534 ], [ 535, 665 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Siddhartha", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At one point in this novel, the protagonist has a dream in which he breastfeeds from a woman who had been his best friend, and he leaves a city after dreaming of a dead song bird in a golden cage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gautama_Buddha", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca90550705b", "qanta_id": 777, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "At one point in this novel, the protagonist has a dream in which he breastfeeds from a woman who had been his best friend, and he leaves a city after dreaming of a dead song bird in a golden cage. Characters in this novel include Kamaswami, who was skilled in business, and the protagonist's son runs away from home after stealing his money. That child's mother was killed by snakebite and named Kamala. After spending time with the Samanas, the central character of this work apprentices to the ferryman Vasudeva for most of his life since leaving home with his friend Govinda in search of Gotama. For 10 points, name this novel about the title Brahmin written by Herman Hesse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 197, 341 ], [ 342, 403 ], [ 404, 598 ], [ 599, 678 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Paul-Michel Foucault", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this author examines the reforms of Samuel Tuke and uses the \"ship of fools\" to compare the title state with leprosy in the Middle Ages.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michel_Foucault", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905507073", "qanta_id": 801, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "One work by this author examines the reforms of Samuel Tuke and uses the \"ship of fools\" to compare the title state with leprosy in the Middle Ages. Another of his works studies systems of knowledge, which he called \"epistemes,\" throughout history with his \"archeological\" method. He described ways in which governments take advantage of human functions, known as \"biopower\". This author of Madness and Civilization wrote a work which uses Bentham's Panopticon as a model for society and its prisons. For 10 points, name this postmodernist author of The Order of Things, The History of Sexuality and Discipline and Punish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 280 ], [ 281, 375 ], [ 376, 500 ], [ 501, 622 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about Curtis Carlyle's capture of Ardita and their romance in \"The Offshore Pirate.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "F._Scott_Fitzgerald", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca905507085", "qanta_id": 819, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author wrote about Curtis Carlyle's capture of Ardita and their romance in \"The Offshore Pirate.\" Another story by this author recounts the meetings between Judy Jones and Dexter Green. One story by his author sees the protagonist cut off her cousin Marjorie's pigtails, and another of his stories features John Unger and Percy Washington, whose family owns the title jewel. This author of the stories \"Winter Dreams,\" \"Bernice Bobs Her Hair\" and \"A Diamond as Big as the Ritz,\" is more famous for a novel in which Daisy Buchanan is courted by the title character, as observed by Nick Carraway. For 10 points, name this American author of The Great Gatsby.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 190 ], [ 191, 379 ], [ 380, 599 ], [ 600, 661 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "El Greco [or The Greek; or Dom?ikos Theotok?oulos]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Allegory of the Christian Knight forms the center panel of this painter's Modena Triptych.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "El_Greco", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca90550709d", "qanta_id": 843, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "The Allegory of the Christian Knight forms the center panel of this painter's Modena Triptych. In one of his paintings, a man in green prepares to remove Jesus's red tunic. In another of his paintings, a blue-robed St. John outstretches his arms while angels distribute robes to naked people. In another, this man's son, as well as St. Stephen, and St. Augustine, surround the interment of the titular armor-clad nobleman. For 10 points, name this painter of The Disrobing of Christ, The Opening of the Fifth Seal, and The Burial of the Count of Orgaz, whose common Spanish name alludes to his birth on Crete.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 172 ], [ 173, 292 ], [ 293, 422 ], [ 423, 609 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Thailand", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The northeastern portion of this nation is a region called Isan, which takes its name from the capital of the Chenla Kingdom and includes the Khorat Plateau.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thailand", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca9055070a6", "qanta_id": 852, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "The northeastern portion of this nation is a region called Isan, which takes its name from the capital of the Chenla Kingdom and includes the Khorat Plateau. This country's north contains the provinces of Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai, and the resort island of Phuket is located in this nation's south. This country's capital contains waterways called \"Khlongs\" formed by the Chao Phraya River, and it sits on a namesake gulf jutting out from the South China Sea. For 10 points, identify this nation formerly known as Siam which borders Burma and Laos and has capital at Bangkok.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 298 ], [ 299, 459 ], [ 460, 575 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Suleiman I [or Suleiman the Magnificent; or Suleiman the Lawgiver; or Muhtesem Suleiman; or Kanuni Suleiman; prompt on Suleiman]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler gave permission to Gracia Mendes Nasi to rebuild a settlement in the city of Tiberias.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Suleiman_the_Magnificent", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca9055070ad", "qanta_id": 859, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This ruler gave permission to Gracia Mendes Nasi to rebuild a settlement in the city of Tiberias. This leader fought against the Safavid leader Tahmasp I before agreeing to the Peace of Amasya. On this leader's death, an elegy was written by the poet Baki. This ruler also made use of the architectural talents of the mosque builder Sinan. After a request for a tribute was refused, he won a battle where Louis II lost his life, which led to this ruler supporting John Zapolya for the Hungarian throne. His victory at Mohacs preceded this man's unsuccessful siege of Vienna. For 10 points, name this ruler whose rule proved to be the peak of the Ottoman Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 193 ], [ 194, 256 ], [ 257, 339 ], [ 340, 502 ], [ 503, 574 ], [ 575, 661 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Giuseppe Garibaldi", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Despite an armistice forced by the First Battle of Custoza, this man fought with varying success while outnumbered at Luino and Morazzone before retreating to Switzerland.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Garibaldi", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca9055070c7", "qanta_id": 885, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Despite an armistice forced by the First Battle of Custoza, this man fought with varying success while outnumbered at Luino and Morazzone before retreating to Switzerland. This man had earlier served as commander of the Uruguayan navy fighting against Juan Manuel de Rosas. The Battles of Calatafimi and Milazzo occurred before this man's biggest battle at Volturno. Those battles were part of his conquering of Sicily and Naples for Victor Emmanuel II during the Expedition of the Thousand. For 10 points, name this soldier who fought for the Risorgimento with his Red Shirts, which eventually resulted in the unification of Italy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 273 ], [ 274, 366 ], [ 367, 491 ], [ 492, 632 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Charlemagne [or Charles I; or Charles the Great; or Charles le Grand; or Karl der Grosse; or Carolus Magnus; prompt on Charles]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler's father fought against Aistulf of the Lombards in order to get Pope Stephen II to guarantee the throne to his offspring.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca9055070c9", "qanta_id": 887, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This ruler's father fought against Aistulf of the Lombards in order to get Pope Stephen II to guarantee the throne to his offspring. This leader took over Lombardy at the behest of Pope Adrian I from his father-in-law Desiderius. This man's empire was divided following the death of his son Louis the Pious through the Treaty of Verdun. This ruler made Alcuin of York head of his school in Aachen, and a life of this emperor was written by Einhard. This man was crowned unexpectedly by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day. For 10 points, name this son of Pippin the Short and grandson of Charles Martel who was king of the Franks and became Emperor of the Romans in 800 CE.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 229 ], [ 230, 336 ], [ 337, 448 ], [ 449, 516 ], [ 517, 667 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Steinbeck", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A trip with Robert Capa around the Soviet Union is documented in this author's A Russian Journal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Steinbeck", "proto_id": "5476990eea23cca9055070d9", "qanta_id": 903, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "A trip with Robert Capa around the Soviet Union is documented in this author's A Russian Journal. This author of a novel about Henry Morgan's sacking of Panama created a World War I mule driver named Danny. This author of Cup of Gold created the diver Kino and the loafer Mack, who attempts to throw a party for Doc. This author of Tortilla Flat and The Pearl wrote about the animal Gabilan in The Red Pony, and wrote a book that features Curly's wife being strangled and ends with George shooting Lenny. For 10 points, name this author of Travels with Charlie, Of Mice and Men, and The Grapes of Wrath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 206 ], [ 207, 316 ], [ 317, 504 ], [ 505, 603 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This philosopher named a form of perception the \"analogon\" in his work The Imaginary.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Paul_Sartre", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055070f4", "qanta_id": 930, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "This philosopher named a form of perception the \"analogon\" in his work The Imaginary. He argued that feelings of despair and angst are not enough for individuals to hide behind \"deterministic excuses,\" arguing that one's essence is created and that the title concept \"is a humanism\" in one essay. In another work, he analyzed sexual desire in the context of \"the look\" and distinguished between the first title concept \"in-itself,\" \"for-itself,\" and \"for-others,\" while opposing living life in terms of the past or defining one's existence in terms of social role as examples of \"bad faith.\" For 10 points, name this French proponent of existentialism who wrote Being and Nothingness.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 296 ], [ 297, 591 ], [ 592, 684 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Pompey the Great [or Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's forces supposedly searched fruitlessly for Carthaginian gold before defeating the forces of Domitius and the Numidian king Iarbas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pompey", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507104", "qanta_id": 946, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Ancient", "text": "This man's forces supposedly searched fruitlessly for Carthaginian gold before defeating the forces of Domitius and the Numidian king Iarbas. This man was sent to Spain to help Metellus fight against the rebellion of Sertorius. The Lex Gabinia gave this general more power to complete the task of clearing out the Cilician pirates. This man fled to Greece when his rival moved on Rome, and later fled further to Egypt where he was assassinated by orders of Ptolemy XIII. For 10 points, name this Roman general who lost the Battle of Pharsalus during a civil war fought against a fellow member of the First Triumvirate, which was made up of Crassus, Julius Caesar, and this man.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 227 ], [ 228, 331 ], [ 332, 470 ], [ 471, 677 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Samuel Beckett", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One novel by this author features Worm and Mahood, a body and head stuck in a jar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Beckett", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550711a", "qanta_id": 968, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One novel by this author features Worm and Mahood, a body and head stuck in a jar. Another work of this author features no characters and is meant to be performed in 35 seconds. This author of Breath and The Unnamable wrote play in which the title sixty-nine year old listens to recordings he made in his youth. This author of Krapp's Last Tape wrote a work featuring two characters that live in trashcans and interact with Hamm and Clov. Another work by this author features the arrival of Lucky and his slave Pozzo. For 10 points, name this author of Endgame who wrote about Vladimir and Estragon in the absurdist work Waiting for Godot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 177 ], [ 178, 311 ], [ 312, 438 ], [ 439, 517 ], [ 518, 639 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ivan IV of Russia [or Ivan the Terrible; or Ivan Grozny; or Ivan Vasilyevich; prompt on Ivan]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler's troops won the Battle of Ergeme, which resulted in the dissolution of the Livonian Knights during the unsuccessful Livonian War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_the_Terrible", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550711b", "qanta_id": 969, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This ruler's troops won the Battle of Ergeme, which resulted in the dissolution of the Livonian Knights during the unsuccessful Livonian War. This ruler organized the standing army known as the streltsy and he called his country's first \"assembly of the land,\" or zemsky sobor. This man divided his country's lands into the zemshina and lands overseen by men dressed in black on black horses known for their brutality, the oprichniki. This ruler's murder of his heir led indirectly to the end of the Rurikid dynasty and the start of the Time of Troubles. For 10 points, name this ruler who first took the title of tsar and who is remembered mostly for his cruelty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 277 ], [ 278, 434 ], [ 435, 554 ], [ 555, 664 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ludwig Mies van der Rohe?", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This architect's final building, completed after his death, is the Martin Luther King Jr. Library in D.C.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550711f", "qanta_id": 973, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "This architect's final building, completed after his death, is the Martin Luther King Jr. Library in D.C. Cullinan Hall is one of two additions this architect made to the Caroline Weiss Law Building in Houston. He designed both the building and sculpture gardens for the Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin. His German Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition contained the first of his Barcelona chairs. Another of his works was purposely built in the floodplain of the Fox River, the Farnsworth House. For 10 points, \"less is more\" was the maxim of this International Style architect and final director of the Bauhaus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 210 ], [ 211, 302 ], [ 303, 405 ], [ 406, 504 ], [ 505, 621 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "inflation", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Nominal interest rates are said to lag behind this in the Mundell-Tobin effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inflation", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507120", "qanta_id": 974, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Economics", "text": "Nominal interest rates are said to lag behind this in the Mundell-Tobin effect. The built-in form of this effect is the base of the \"triangle model\" of it. This phenomenon can be due to a decrease in aggregate supply or an increase in aggregate demand. Milton Friedman argued that this concept was not linked inversely with unemployment, and in the 1970s, a high rate of this was linked with stagnation, discrediting the Phillips curve. The hyper- form of this phenomenon plagued Weimar Germany, and this effect can be \"cost-push\" or \"demand-pull\". Measured by the Consumer Price Index, for 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a unit of currency is worth less over time.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 155 ], [ 156, 252 ], [ 253, 436 ], [ 437, 548 ], [ 549, 675 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jainism", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Many of this religion's main figures reached moksha on the mountain Sametshikharji.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507125", "qanta_id": 979, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "Many of this religion's main figures reached moksha on the mountain Sametshikharji. This religion performs sacred rituals at derasars, including reciting a mantra which ends \"Padhamam Havei Mangalam,\" the Navkar Mantra. Members of one sect of this religion sweep ahead of where they walk and wear cloth over the mouth to avoid trampling and ingesting insects, while another group does not even own clothes and are called \"sky-clad,\" or Digambaras. It was founded by its 24th \"ford-maker\", or Tirthankara, Mahavira. For 10 points, name this Indian religion whose five core principles include ahimsa, the protection of all life.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 219 ], [ 220, 447 ], [ 448, 514 ], [ 515, 626 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "mass", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Yukawa interaction for a fermion is proportional to the square of this property of the particle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mass", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507126", "qanta_id": 980, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The Yukawa interaction for a fermion is proportional to the square of this property of the particle. This property of a black hole whose Compton wavelength and Schwarzschild radius are equal is named for Planck. Using units where space and time are equal, the square of this property is equal to e squared minus p squared. Particles are believed to gain this property through the Higgs boson. The gravitational force between two objects is proportional to the product of the objects' this. For 10 points, name this quantity that is multiplied by acceleration to obtain force in Newton's Second Law of Motion, a measure of the amount of matter in an object often measured in grams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 213 ], [ 213, 325 ], [ 325, 394 ], [ 395, 493 ], [ 493, 683 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ludwig Wittgenstein", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker devised a thought experiment wherein two figures communicate using only the words block, pillar, slab, and beam.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Wittgenstein", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550712c", "qanta_id": 986, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "This thinker devised a thought experiment wherein two figures communicate using only the words block, pillar, slab, and beam. In one of his works, he made use of notation including the propositional variable p and the formal operation N of xi. This thinker introduced the aforementioned language-games in his Philosophical Investigations. Another of his works consists of seven propositions and their corollaries about the nature of facts and logic, including \"The world is everything that is the case\" and \"What we cannot speak of, we must pass over in silence.\" For 10 points, name this Austrian philosopher and author of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 243 ], [ 244, 338 ], [ 339, 562 ], [ 562, 655 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Alexander the Great [or Alexander III of Macedonia; prompt on Alexander]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "While serving as leader during his father's absence, this man put down an uprising of the Maedi tribe.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507132", "qanta_id": 992, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Ancient", "text": "While serving as leader during his father's absence, this man put down an uprising of the Maedi tribe. When an assassination plot became known, this ruler was forced to execute Philotas, the son of his general Parmenio, who was also executed. In one battle, this ruler defeated the king Porus, but lost his horse Bucephalus. This man also twice fought and defeated the Persian troops under Darius III when making a move into Asia. This ruler was the victor in the Battles of the Hydaspes River, Gaugamela, and Issus. For 10 points, name this man who was tutored by Aristotle and who succeeded his father, Philip II, as king of Macedonia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 242 ], [ 243, 324 ], [ 325, 430 ], [ 431, 516 ], [ 517, 637 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian Bach [prompt on \"Bach\" or even \"Johann Bach\"]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work by this composer, a solo viola da gamba accompanies an alto soloist singing \"Es ist vollbracht.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550713a", "qanta_id": 1000, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "In one work by this composer, a solo viola da gamba accompanies an alto soloist singing \"Es ist vollbracht.\" In his Hunting Cantata, a soprano soloist sings the aria \"Sheep May Safely Graze.\" Schlendrian threatens to deny Lieschen a husband if she won't give up the title beverage in his Coffee Cantata. There is a \"halo\" effect in the strings whenever Jesus sings in another work of his, which was revived by Felix Mendelssohn in 1829. Another work had its Symbolum Nicenum section premiered by this composer's son, Carl Phillip Emanuel. For 10 points, name this composer of the Mass in B minor, St. Matthew Passion, and six Brandenburg Concertos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 190 ], [ 190, 303 ], [ 304, 436 ], [ 437, 538 ], [ 539, 648 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "horses [or mares]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Sterope and Aithops were two of these animals which ended up nightly in a golden cup.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horse", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550713b", "qanta_id": 1001, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "Sterope and Aithops were two of these animals which ended up nightly in a golden cup. The Celtic goddess Epona took this form. The kings of Troy owned twelve of these, which were promised to Heracles for rescuing Hesione. A race of hybrids with the rears of these animals was spawned when Ixion raped the cloud nymph Nephele. Eurystheus commanded Heracles to fetch man-eating examples of these animals which belonged to Diomedes. One animal of this type was born from the neck of Medusa and tamed by Bellerophon, and had wings. For 10 points, name these creatures which included Pegasus and whose form made up the bottom half of centaurs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 126 ], [ 127, 221 ], [ 222, 325 ], [ 326, 429 ], [ 430, 527 ], [ 528, 638 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "War and Peace [or Voyna I mir]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One couple in this work is pleased to hold a party that is exactly like everyone else's, down to the cakes served as snacks. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_and_Peace", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550714e", "qanta_id": 1020, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One couple in this work is pleased to hold a party that is exactly like everyone else's, down to the cakes served as snacks. Another character forces his son to postpone marriage for a year, out of disapproval of his son's fianc? and his daughter lives with him on their estate at Bald Hills. In this work, Dolokhov is wounded in a duel over Elena and later joins the Masons. This novel opens with a party held by Anna Scherer and ends with the weddings of Nikolai and Maria and Natasha Rastov to Pierre Bezukhov. For 10 points, name this novel focusing on the events surrounding the invasion of Russia by Napoleon, a work of Leo Tolstoy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 126, 230 ], [ 231, 293 ], [ 294, 376 ], [ 377, 514 ], [ 515, 639 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "diffusion", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The zero-length column method was designed to measure this process within zeolite crystals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507150", "qanta_id": 1022, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The zero-length column method was designed to measure this process within zeolite crystals. Its rate is the denominator of the Thiele modulus. The effective constant for it is a function of its bulk constant along with tortuosity and hindrance factors. Large scale enriching uranium is accomplished using centrifugation or this process. The mass flux is a function of the partial derivative of concentration with respect to length in Fick's law describing this. Osmosis is this of water across a membrane. For 10 points, name this phenomenon resulting from the random movement of particles that sees transfer between regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 144 ], [ 144, 253 ], [ 254, 339 ], [ 339, 463 ], [ 464, 509 ], [ 509, 682 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Alfred, Lord Tennyson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author is set on \"the lonely moated grange\" and includes a title character who weeps \"I am aweary, aweary, i would that I were dead!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507153", "qanta_id": 1025, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One poem by this author is set on \"the lonely moated grange\" and includes a title character who weeps \"I am aweary, aweary, i would that I were dead!\" This author of \"Mariana\" is better known for a poem whose title character bemoans, \"The Gods themselves cannot recall their gifts\" to Eos for granting him immortality. He wrote a poem which begins \"sunset and evening star\" in which the speaker hopes to see his Pilot \"face to face.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"Tithonus\" and \"Crossing the Bar,\" who wrote \"Into the valley of Death rode the six hundred\" in a memorial written after a Crimean War loss, his \"Charge of the Light Brigade.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 318 ], [ 319, 432 ], [ 432, 642 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "centaurs", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The first of these objects was discovered in 1920, but was not classified until the 1970s.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Centaur", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550717a", "qanta_id": 1064, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Astronomy", "text": "The first of these objects was discovered in 1920, but was not classified until the 1970s. That object was Hidalgo. Recently, the first binary pair of these objects was discovered. It consists of Echidna and Typhon. Charles Kowal discovered the first of these objects, which was later reclassified after the discovery of ice-jets emanating from it. The unstable orbits of these bodies are caused by the perturbation of a nearby planet. These bodies are believed to originate in the Kuiper Belt and examples of them include Echeclus, Chariklo, and Chiron. They exhibit behavior that is in some ways a hybrid of asteroids and comets, hence their name. For 10 points, name these icy planetoids that orbit between Jupiter and Neptune, named after Greek mythological half-men half-horses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 115 ], [ 116, 180 ], [ 181, 215 ], [ 216, 348 ], [ 349, 435 ], [ 436, 554 ], [ 555, 649 ], [ 650, 783 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Robert Frost", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This writer's encounter with Napoleon Guay led him to a work about Baptiste who repairs the speaker's tool in \"The Ax-Helve,\" while the pieces \"Bravado\" and \"The Night Light\" help make up a work collectively known as Five Nocturnes. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550717f", "qanta_id": 1069, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This writer's encounter with Napoleon Guay led him to a work about Baptiste who repairs the speaker's tool in \"The Ax-Helve,\" while the pieces \"Bravado\" and \"The Night Light\" help make up a work collectively known as Five Nocturnes. In another work, a speaker notes that he has hidden a \"broken drinking goblet like the Grail\" before telling his audience to \"Drink and be whole again beyond confusion.\" That work was published in the collection Steeple Bush and is entitled \"Directive.\" He argued that a poem \"begins in delight and ends in wisdom\" in, \"A Figure a Poem Makes,\" an essay published in the 1939 edition of his Collected Poems, a volume that begins with such pieces as \"A Line Storm Song\" and \"Home Burial,\" works first published in the collections A Boy's Will and North of Boston. For 10 points, identify this poet of such works as \"Out, Out--,\" and \"Mending Wall.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 234 ], [ 234, 405 ], [ 405, 490 ], [ 490, 763 ], [ 764, 799 ], [ 799, 883 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ezra Weston Loomis Pound", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This author praised the lack of a direct reproach uttered by the court lady who narrates the poem \"The Jewel Stairs' Grievance.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ezra_Pound", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055071a1", "qanta_id": 1103, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author praised the lack of a direct reproach uttered by the court lady who narrates the poem \"The Jewel Stairs' Grievance.\" He set out three categories of poetry, which he termed melopoeia, phanopoeia and logopoeia, in his treatise How to Read. He adopted the Persian pseudonym Caid Ali in writing a French epigraph to a poem that extends one of his earlier poems which focuses on a writer whose \"true Penelope / Was Flaubert.\" One work by this man focuses on Sigismundo Malatesta in its eighth to eleventh sections and opens its second section with the line \"Hang it all, Robert Browning,.\" In a much shorter work, he wrote the lines, \"The apparition of these faces in the crowd; / Petals on a wet, black bough.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"Hugh Selwyn Mauberley\" and \"In a Station of the Metro\" who won the first Bollingen Prize for a portion of his massive epic, the Cantos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 130, 252 ], [ 252, 436 ], [ 436, 598 ], [ 598, 723 ], [ 723, 894 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "keto-esters [prompt on esters or ketones or carbonyls]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One way to synthesize carbonyls is to cause these chemicals to undergo a saponification, protonation, and heat decomposition to liberate carbon dioxide.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ketone", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055072e2", "qanta_id": 1424, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One way to synthesize carbonyls is to cause these chemicals to undergo a saponification, protonation, and heat decomposition to liberate carbon dioxide. The utility of these multi-coupling reagents stems from the fact that, of their four structural carbons, two belong to different electrophilic groups and two are nucleophiles for different groups, which allows selective bonding to all four. These compounds are the major products in the reaction of two compounds of the form R-C-O-O-R-prime under base catalysis. These may be understood generally as the result of attaching a carbonyl to the product of a reaction between an acid and an alcohol. For 10 points, name this class of compounds of which the aforementioned Claisen condensation produces beta- forms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 393 ], [ 394, 515 ], [ 516, 648 ], [ 649, 763 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "boron", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One superacid shaped like an icosahedron features a skeleton almost entirely composed of this element.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Boron", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550730b", "qanta_id": 1465, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One superacid shaped like an icosahedron features a skeleton almost entirely composed of this element. The selectrides are a group of reducing agents featuring this element bonded to three sec-butyl groups, and Tthe nitrogen atom in proline binds to this element in the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata catalyst. Aryl- and vinyl- acids containing this element react with aryl- and vinyl-halides on catalytic palladium in the Suzuki reaction. Anti-Markovnikov addition is a feature of the best-known reaction featuring this element, in which an alkene is converted into an alcohol. That reaction features a namesake hydration followed by an oxidation and is catalyzed by a reactive compound consisting of this element bonded to three hydrogen atoms. For 10 points, name this fifth element.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 300 ], [ 301, 429 ], [ 430, 568 ], [ 569, 738 ], [ 738, 777 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Samuel Barber", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His first symphony ends with a passacaglia and despite its odd title is actually composed of four movements. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Barber", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507360", "qanta_id": 1550, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "His first symphony ends with a passacaglia and despite its odd title is actually composed of four movements. One of this man's works, which was originally called The Serpent Heart, features a Parodos that introduces the characters and includes a notable \"Dance of Vengeance.\" Another of this man's pieces opens with a flute solo before other themes, including one for brasses, begin; it is the second of two Essays for Orchestra. He was inspired by Prometheus Unbound in creating his Music for a Scene from Shelley and looked to Sheridan to compose the Overture to the School for Scandal. Another work by this composer of the Capricorn Concerto originated as the slow movement of a Quartet in B minor and was first performed by Toscanini in 1938. For 10 points, identify this composer of Vanessa and the Adagio for Strings.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 110, 278 ], [ 278, 433 ], [ 433, 593 ], [ 593, 752 ], [ 752, 828 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Arnold Schoenberg", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One series of works by this composer features such titles as \"Versatility\" and \"The New Classicism,\" those Satires were written four years before this composer's Folksongs for Chorus. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnold_Schoenberg", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507381", "qanta_id": 1583, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One series of works by this composer features such titles as \"Versatility\" and \"The New Classicism,\" those Satires were written four years before this composer's Folksongs for Chorus. A series of trills on one of the title instruments ends this composer's Fantasy for Violin and Piano. This man used a series of ascending fourths and descending minor seconds to symbolize the severity of the title figure in his Ode to Napoleon, while his final works, including A Survivor from Warsaw and Kol Nidre, reflected his Jewish heritage. This man, who composed a huge cantata for 140 players based on poems by Jens Peter Jacobsen, the Gurrelieder, discussed his ideas in such volumes as Theory of Harmony and used \"Sprechstimme\" in his song cycle about a clown. For 10 points, identify this creator of the 12 tone technique, the composer of Transfigured Night and Pierrot Lunaire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 185, 286 ], [ 287, 533 ], [ 533, 758 ], [ 758, 876 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian Bach", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's comical cantata \"Be still, stop chattering\" is often performed like an opera, and depicts the narrator's addiction to coffee.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550738f", "qanta_id": 1597, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This man's comical cantata \"Be still, stop chattering\" is often performed like an opera, and depicts the narrator's addiction to coffee. He used a musical phrase written by Frederick the Great for his Musical Offering. An ominous nine-note phrase opens his composition called Toccata and Fugue in D-Minor. His works include the Mass in B Minor and a collection of twenty-four preludes and fugues entitled The Well-Tempered Clavier. For 10 points, name this German Baroque composer of the Goldberg Variations and the Brandenburg Concertos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 218 ], [ 219, 305 ], [ 306, 431 ], [ 432, 538 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "David Herbert [D.H.] Lawrence", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a short story in which Elizabeth's abusive husband Walter dies in a coal mine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "D._H._Lawrence", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550739d", "qanta_id": 1611, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote a short story in which Elizabeth's abusive husband Walter dies in a coal mine. In another short story, he wrote of Paul, who dies in his mother's arms after picking Malabar to win a race while riding on a toy. This author of \"Odour of Chrysanthemums\" and \"The Rocking Horse Winner\" wrote two novels featuring the Brangwen family, one of which is The Rainbow. He wrote another work that details the affair between Constance and the gamekeeper Oliver Mellors. For 10 points, name this author of Sons and Lovers and Lady Chatterley's Lover.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 227 ], [ 228, 376 ], [ 377, 475 ], [ 476, 555 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "insulin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This molecule's biosynthesis requires the removal of the c-peptide.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Insulin", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073a4", "qanta_id": 1618, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "This molecule's biosynthesis requires the removal of the c-peptide. Its namesake \"growth factors\" are located in the p13 and p15 subsections of chromosome 11. In the body, the concentration of this hormone oscillates with a period of three to six minutes before returning to base levels. Glucagon counteracts the effects of this hormone, the lack of which causes hyperglycemia. It is produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. For 10 points, name this mammalian hormone that regulates the levels of glucose in the body, which some diabetics must inject.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 158 ], [ 159, 287 ], [ 288, 377 ], [ 378, 455 ], [ 456, 582 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Leonhard Euler", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A value named for this man is proportional to the integral of Gaussian curvature over a closed surface.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073a7", "qanta_id": 1621, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "A value named for this man is proportional to the integral of Gaussian curvature over a closed surface. He is the namesake of an identity stating that \"cosine theta plus sine theta times i\" equals \"e to the i times theta.\" His namesake \"characteristic\" equals vertices minus edges plus faces. The limit of the difference between the harmonic series and the natural log is named for Mascheroni and this solver of the Bridges of Konigsberg problem. A value of about 2.718, the base of the natural log, is named e in his honor. For 10 points, name this Swiss mathematician.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 222 ], [ 223, 292 ], [ 293, 446 ], [ 447, 524 ], [ 525, 570 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Gaius Julius Caesar", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man won the Civic Crown for his service under Thermus during the siege of Mytilene.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Julius_Caesar", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073a8", "qanta_id": 1622, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Ancient", "text": "This man won the Civic Crown for his service under Thermus during the siege of Mytilene. He demanded that his captors ransom him for fifty instead of twenty talents while in the captivity of Cilician pirates. This man recounted his victory at the Battle of Alesia, where he defeated Ambiorix and Vercingetorix, in his Commentaries on the Gallic War. He won the Battle of Pharsalus against a former fellow member of First Triumvirate, Pompey. For 10 points, name this man who crossed the Rubicon and became dictator of Rome, later assassinated by Brutus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 208 ], [ 209, 349 ], [ 350, 441 ], [ 442, 553 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Toni Morrison [or Chloe Ardelia Wofford]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, the protagonist is an eleven-year-old girl who is raped by her father, Cholly.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Toni_Morrison", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073b0", "qanta_id": 1630, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one of this author's novels, the protagonist is an eleven-year-old girl who is raped by her father, Cholly. This creator of Pecola Breedlove also wrote a work that details the family history of Milkman Dead the Third. In another novel by this author, Sethe (seth-ee) and Denver live at 124 Bluestone, a house that is haunted by the ghost of a twoyear-old who was killed with a handsaw so that she would not have to live in slavery. This author wrote The Bluest Eye and Song of Solomon. For 10 points, name this female African-American author who wrote Beloved.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 220 ], [ 221, 434 ], [ 435, 488 ], [ 489, 563 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Henry VIII Tudor [prompt on Henry]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler was opposed by a Robert Aske-led movement whose red flag showed the stigmata, the Pilgrimage of Grace.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_VIII_of_England", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073b1", "qanta_id": 1631, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This ruler was opposed by a Robert Aske-led movement whose red flag showed the stigmata, the Pilgrimage of Grace. This king's commander, Thomas Howard, defeated the Scots at Flodden Field. His meeting with Francis I at the Field of the Cloth of Gold was organized by his adviser, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. He pushed for the first Act of Supremacy and established the Church of England after Clement VII refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. For 10 points, name this Tudor father of Elizabeth I, an English king who beheaded two of his six wives.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 188 ], [ 189, 303 ], [ 304, 454 ], [ 455, 559 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Loki", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one story, this god competes against fire in an eating contest that was rigged by a similarly named figure \"of the Outyards.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Loki", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073b2", "qanta_id": 1632, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "In one story, this god competes against fire in an eating contest that was rigged by a similarly named figure \"of the Outyards.\" He takes the form of a mare in order to prevent the completion of a wall, which causes him to get pregnant and give birth to an eight-legged horse. He impersonates a giantess and refuses to weep for Balder's death, which he had previously caused by telling the blind god Hoder throw some mistletoe. By the giantess Angrboda, he fathered the giant serpent J\u00f6rmungand and the wolf Fenrir. For 10 points, name this Norse trickster god.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 276 ], [ 277, 427 ], [ 428, 515 ], [ 516, 561 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Margaret Mead", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author's \"Fateful Hoaxing\" titles a scathing critique of a work that discusses how youths skirt the traditional taupo system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073bd", "qanta_id": 1643, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Anthropology", "text": "This author's \"Fateful Hoaxing\" titles a scathing critique of a work that discusses how youths skirt the traditional taupo system. One of this thinker's works studies how gender roles affected the tendencies of the Arapesh, Mundugumor, and Tchambuli to be warlike or peaceful. Interviews with adolescent girls make up the fieldwork for her work that compares the guarded sexuality of youth in America to the more open sexuality of young girls on the island of Ta'u in the Pacific. For 10 points, name this American anthropologist who wrote Coming of Age in Samoa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 276 ], [ 277, 480 ], [ 481, 563 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Locke", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker defined property in terms of work done on natural substances in a work that was partly written in response to Robert Filmer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Locke", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073c2", "qanta_id": 1648, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "This thinker defined property in terms of work done on natural substances in a work that was partly written in response to Robert Filmer. He divided properties of objects into primary and secondary qualities. He claimed that, because man leaves the state of nature to gain the protection of government, monarchs who do not protect their citizens can be overthrown. For 10 points, name this British empiricist who wrote Two Treatises on Government and the Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which proposed a mental blank slate called the \"tabula rasa.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 208 ], [ 209, 364 ], [ 365, 554 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "determinant of a matrix [accept det before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This operation is generally equivalent to the wedge product, which is also characterized by anticommutativity and multilinearity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Determinant", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073c3", "qanta_id": 1649, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "This operation is generally equivalent to the wedge product, which is also characterized by anticommutativity and multilinearity. The differential of this operation can be calculated by Jacobi's formula. If it equals zero, its associated object is singular; otherwise, its associated object is invertible. The Wronskian is a special case of this operation, which is sometimes evaluated using Sylvester's theorem. For the two-by-two matrix \"a b c d\", it is equal to \"a times d\" minus \"b times c.\" For 10 points, name this operation performed on square matrices, abbreviated \"det.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 203 ], [ 204, 305 ], [ 306, 412 ], [ 413, 495 ], [ 496, 579 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Alexander Hamilton", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This politician was blackmailed for sleeping with Maria Lewis, the wife of James Reynolds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Hamilton", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073d0", "qanta_id": 1662, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This politician was blackmailed for sleeping with Maria Lewis, the wife of James Reynolds. He toured American factories and presented a report of his findings to Congress advocating protective tariffs. This author of the Report on Manufactures argued for the federal assumption of state debt in his 1790 Report on the Public Credit. He insulted a rival who was running for governor in New York, which led to this man's death in Weehawken after he was shot in a duel. For 10 points, name the first Secretary of the Treasury who died at the hands of Aaron Burr.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 201 ], [ 202, 332 ], [ 333, 466 ], [ 467, 559 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Stanley Milgram", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This scientist conducted a study in which people watched Medical Center before deciding whether to donate money to charity or to steal it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stanley_Milgram", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073d1", "qanta_id": 1663, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Psychology", "text": "This scientist conducted a study in which people watched Medical Center before deciding whether to donate money to charity or to steal it. He sent information packets to people in Omaha and Wichita, asking if they knew a person in Boston, an experiment which led him to formulate the \"Six Degrees of Separation\" hypothesis. This conductor of the \"Small World\" experiment paid an actor to pretend to be shocked as another person was told to increase the voltage. For 10 points, name this psychologist who conducted a namesake \"Obedience to Authority\" experiment.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 323 ], [ 324, 463 ], [ 463, 562 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Demeter [accept Ceres before \u201cGreek\u201d]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This figure hid among King Onkios's horses before Poseidon discovered her and sired Despoina with her.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Demeter", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073da", "qanta_id": 1672, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "This figure hid among King Onkios's horses before Poseidon discovered her and sired Despoina with her. She tried to make Demophon immortal, but was thwarted when his mother saw him burning. She turned Lyncus into a lynx after he tried to kill her priest Triptolemus. Along with her daughter, who ate several pomegranate seeds in the underworld, she is the focus of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Her daughter spends four months of each year with Hades, causing this goddess to bring winter. For 10 points, name this mother of Persephone, the Greek goddess of the harvest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 189 ], [ 190, 266 ], [ 267, 390 ], [ 391, 485 ], [ 486, 566 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "R\u00e9ne Descartes [or Renatus Cartesius]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this thinker's proofs of God's existence relies on three categories of ideas:", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073e3", "qanta_id": 1681, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "One of this thinker's proofs of God's existence relies on three categories of ideas: Innate, Factitious, and Adventitious. He reworked Plato's Great Chain of Being to explain how an imperfect man could descend from God. Gilbert Ryle's The Concept of Mind calls this man's mind-body dualism \"the ghost in the machine.\" This thinker claimed that all knowledge could be the result of an \"evil demon.\" For 10 points, name this author of Meditations on First Philosophy, whose Discourse on Method contains his phrase cogito ergo sum, or \"I think, therefore I am.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 122 ], [ 123, 221 ], [ 221, 317 ], [ 317, 318 ], [ 319, 398 ], [ 399, 559 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Carl Gustav Jung", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man described the Buddhist mandala as the \"path to the center\" in his Memories, Dreams, Reflections, whose appendices include Seven Sermons to the Dead.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carl_Jung", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073e9", "qanta_id": 1687, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Psychology", "text": "This man described the Buddhist mandala as the \"path to the center\" in his Memories, Dreams, Reflections, whose appendices include Seven Sermons to the Dead. He described the union of opposite sexes with the term \"syzygy,\" and proposed non-causal connections called synchronicities. The Myers-Briggs test builds on his concepts of \"introvert\" and \"extrovert.\" He also theorized the male and female animus and anima. For 10 points, name this Swiss analytic psychologist, who claimed that universal images, or archetypes, form the collective unconscious.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 282 ], [ 283, 359 ], [ 360, 415 ], [ 416, 552 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sir Edward William Elgar", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer based part of one work on a friend singing a snippet from the Pathetique sonata.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073f4", "qanta_id": 1698, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer based part of one work on a friend singing a snippet from the Pathetique sonata. He tried to depict the \"stout and steaky\" character of a city in his concert overture Cockaigne, subtitled \"In London Town.\" He depicted a pious man's soul ascending to the judgment in a work based on a Cardinal Newman poem. Another of his pieces has movements like \"Dorabella\" and \"Nimrod.\" The last night of the BBC Proms features his march that is often played at graduations. For 10 points, name this English composer of The Enigma Variations and Pomp and Circumstance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 219 ], [ 220, 319 ], [ 320, 386 ], [ 387, 474 ], [ 475, 568 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jesus Christ [accept either underlined part; accept all reasonable equivalents]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man is identified with Quetzalcoatl by John Taylor and other Church of Latter Day Saints leaders.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jesus", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055073fd", "qanta_id": 1707, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "This man is identified with Quetzalcoatl by John Taylor and other Church of Latter Day Saints leaders. The \"Q Source\" is a hypothetical collection of this man's quotations. At this man's trial, elders worry about losing \"our place and our nation.\" In one story, he refused to turn stones into bread, stating that \"man cannot live by bread alone.\" This man was condemned to death after a crowd chose to spare Barabbas instead, an event that prompted Pontius Pilate to wash his hands. For 10 points, name this man, the son of God according to a large world religion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 172 ], [ 173, 246 ], [ 246, 345 ], [ 345, 346 ], [ 347, 482 ], [ 483, 564 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sigmund Freud [or Sigismund Schlomo Freud]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker discussed the \"fort/da game,\" in which his infant grandson would throw small objects.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sigmund_Freud", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507405", "qanta_id": 1715, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Psychology", "text": "This thinker discussed the \"fort/da game,\" in which his infant grandson would throw small objects. This man posited that the prehistoric origin of religion was to atone for the killing of a father figure by a group of brothers. He claimed that human actions could be traced to a \"death drive\" and \"pleasure principle.\" He wrote a work that describes the episode of \"Irma's Injection,\" an example of an event that he labels \"wish-fulfillment.\" For 10 points, name this Austrian psychologist who wrote The Interpretation of Dreams and conceptualized the Oedipus complex.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 227 ], [ 228, 318 ], [ 319, 442 ], [ 443, 568 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Invisible Man [do not accept \u201cThe Invisible Man\u201d]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This novel's protagonist joins up with the revolutionaries Brother Hambro and Tod Clifton.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Invisible_Man", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507418", "qanta_id": 1734, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This novel's protagonist joins up with the revolutionaries Brother Hambro and Tod Clifton. A boiler room explosion in this novel is partly the fault of Lucius Brockway, the protagonist's co-worker at the Liberty Paints factory. Its protagonist is expelled from Dr. Bledsoe's college, to which he had won a scholarship based on a speech he recites in this novel's first chapter, \"Battle Royal.\" Its narrator meets Ras the Exhorter, a leader of the Brotherhood, a Black Nationalist group. For 10 points, name this novel about a marginalized, nameless black male, by Ralph Ellison.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 227 ], [ 228, 392 ], [ 392, 393 ], [ 394, 486 ], [ 487, 578 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Tin Drum [or Die Blechtrommel]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel has an affair with Roswitha after fathering Kurt with Maria Trucinzki.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507424", "qanta_id": 1746, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "The protagonist of this novel has an affair with Roswitha after fathering Kurt with Maria Trucinzki. Its protagonist plays in a jazz band at a nightclub called \"The Onion Cellar.\" This novel features a character who breaks glass with his high voice while a member of Bebra's troupe of performing midgets. One character in this novel dies after swallowing a Nazi party pin. Its protagonist refuses to grow after he receives the title object for his third birthday. For 10 points, name this novel about Oskar Matzerath, the owner of the title instrument, by G\u00fcnter Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 178 ], [ 178, 304 ], [ 305, 372 ], [ 373, 463 ], [ 464, 569 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jan Vermeer [or Johannes Vermeer; or Johan Vermeer]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist painted a crushed snake on the floor in front of a woman looking up at a glass sphere in his Allegory of Faith.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Vermeer", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550742b", "qanta_id": 1753, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "This artist painted a crushed snake on the floor in front of a woman looking up at a glass sphere in his Allegory of Faith. He showed a woman standing in front of a painting of the Last Judgment in Woman Holding a Balance. The shore of the Schie River dominates one work by this artist, who also painted a woman in a blue-and-yellow turban looking over her left shoulder. The Hockney-Falco thesis alleges that he used a camera obscura to paint works like The Music Lesson. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter of View of Delft and Girl with a Pearl Earring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 222 ], [ 223, 371 ], [ 372, 472 ], [ 473, 559 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Aeschylus", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a play in which a woman dreams that she gives birth to a snake that bites at her breast, drawing both blood and milk.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aeschylus", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550742e", "qanta_id": 1756, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote a play in which a woman dreams that she gives birth to a snake that bites at her breast, drawing both blood and milk. Another play by this author is set into motion when Eteocles refuses to step down as king, which prompts a group that includes Adrastus and Tydeus to invade the title city. This author wrote a trilogy in which the Furies are renamed \"The Kindly Ones\" after the title character is acquitted of his mother Clytemnestra's murder. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek playwright, the author of Seven Against Thebes and the Oresteia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 308 ], [ 309, 462 ], [ 463, 566 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Republic of Hungary [or Magyarorsz\u00e1g before \u201cMagyar\u201d]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This nation was ceded to new conquerors in the Treaty of Karlowitz, after which it became the largest province of Transleithania.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507435", "qanta_id": 1763, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This nation was ceded to new conquerors in the Treaty of Karlowitz, after which it became the largest province of Transleithania. It lost most of its area and two thirds of its population in the Treaty of Trianon. Its monarchs wore the hemispherical Crown of Saint Stephen, which was named for its first Arpad dynasty ruler. This nation entered the 1867 Ausgleich with Franz Joseph. Communist leader Janos Kadar ruled this nation after Soviet tanks crushed its 1956 uprising. For 10 points, name this nation populated by Magyars, which was once united with Austria.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 213 ], [ 214, 324 ], [ 325, 382 ], [ 383, 475 ], [ 476, 565 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher [or Margaret Hilda Roberts]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "While serving as Education Secretary, this politician cut school lunch budgets, earning the nickname \"Milk Snatcher.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Thatcher", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507445", "qanta_id": 1779, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "While serving as Education Secretary, this politician cut school lunch budgets, earning the nickname \"Milk Snatcher.\" This leader did not accept the demands of Bobby Sands, who died while on hunger strike in the Maze Prison. James Callaghan was the predecessor of this politician, who passed an unpopular Poll Tax and privatized BP and Rolls-Royce. This Prime Minister led the United Kingdom to victory over Argentina in the Falklands War. For 10 points, name this \"Iron Lady,\" the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 116, 224 ], [ 225, 348 ], [ 349, 439 ], [ 440, 532 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Gilgamesh", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one point of the work named for this figure, he is shown seven loaves of bread in different states, which proves that he failed to stay awake for seven days.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gilgamesh", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507447", "qanta_id": 1781, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one point of the work named for this figure, he is shown seven loaves of bread in different states, which proves that he failed to stay awake for seven days. This figure finds a plant that is \"like a boxthorn,\" which is eaten by a snake. After his friend goes to the \"house of dust,\" this figure seeks out immortality from Utnapishtim. Ishtar sends the Bull of Heaven to kill this figure. This two-thirds divine figure slew Humbaba with the help of his friend, Enkidu. For 10 points, name this king of Uruk, the subject of an epic in Mesopotamian mythology.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 242 ], [ 242, 339 ], [ 340, 392 ], [ 393, 472 ], [ 473, 561 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Catch-22", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel is an American Indian whose family was constantly forced to move when oil was discovered where they were living.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catch-22", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507448", "qanta_id": 1782, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One character in this novel is an American Indian whose family was constantly forced to move when oil was discovered where they were living. Another character in this novel is promoted because of an IBM machine with a sense humor, and signs his name incorrectly as \"Washington Irving.\" The protagonist of this novel befriends Doc Daneeka and has flashbacks to the death of Snowden. For 10 points, name this satirical novel that features Major Major Major Major and a bombardier named Yossarian, written by Joseph Heller.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 285 ], [ 286, 381 ], [ 382, 520 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "David Hume", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker created Pamphilus, who narrates a work that consists of a conversation between Cleanthes, Philo, and Demea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550744a", "qanta_id": 1784, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "This thinker created Pamphilus, who narrates a work that consists of a conversation between Cleanthes, Philo, and Demea. This philosopher used the patterns of snow crystals to argue that the design of the universe does not necessarily mean that there was a divine creator. This author of Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion devised the \"Missing Shade of Blue\" in a work that outlines four arguments against the existence of miracles. For 10 points, name this Scottish Enlightenment thinker, the empiricist author of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 272 ], [ 273, 435 ], [ 436, 560 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "China [or People's Republic of China]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one novel set in this country, boats laden with straw dummies feign an attack to steal enemy arrows for reuse. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550744b", "qanta_id": 1785, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one novel set in this country, boats laden with straw dummies feign an attack to steal enemy arrows for reuse. Another novel set in this country features a talking stone in its preface. The Oath of the Peach Garden occurs in one novel set in this country, which was also the setting of a novel in which one hundred and eight outlaws stow away in a marsh. A Buddhist monk's travels with the Monkey King make up another of its \"Four Classical Novels.\" For 10 points, name this country, the setting of Water Margin, Journey to the West, and Romance of the Three Kingdoms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 115, 189 ], [ 190, 358 ], [ 359, 452 ], [ 452, 572 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Republic of Cuba", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Just off the north-central coast of this island nation is the Sabana-Camag\u00fcey Archipelago.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cuba", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507453", "qanta_id": 1793, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "Just off the north-central coast of this island nation is the Sabana-Camag\u00fcey Archipelago. The Nicholas Channel borders the north of this nation, which also contains the Isla de la Juventud. Narciso Lopez once attempted to filibuster this nation, which is home to the celebrated sports team Industriales. The Windward Passage separates Hispaniola from this island, which is a mere ninety-mile journey across the Strait of Florida from Key West. For 10 points, name this island nation that houses many 1950s automobiles and fine cigars in its capital of Havana.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 190 ], [ 191, 304 ], [ 305, 444 ], [ 445, 560 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Athena [or Pallas Athena; or Minerva before stated]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Hephaestus' unsuccessful attempt to rape this goddess led to the birth of Erichthonius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athena", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507459", "qanta_id": 1799, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "Hephaestus' unsuccessful attempt to rape this goddess led to the birth of Erichthonius. This goddess casted the deciding vote at Orestes' trial. She won a contest judged by Cecrops by creating the olive tree. In the Odyssey, she forces Calypso to release the imprisoned Odysseus and aids Telemachus. This daughter of Metis defeated Arachne in a weaving contest. She was born by emerging, fully formed, from the head of Zeus. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of wisdom, the counterpart of the Roman Minerva and patron deity and namesake of Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 144 ], [ 145, 208 ], [ 209, 299 ], [ 300, 361 ], [ 362, 424 ], [ 425, 552 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "friction [or drag before \u201celectrostatic\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This force is represented by a first derivative with respect to position in the harmonic oscillator equation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friction", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507461", "qanta_id": 1807, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This force is represented by a first derivative with respect to position in the harmonic oscillator equation. In one model, this force stems from tiny electrostatic repulsions. It can be understood as the parallel shear component of the contact force, whose other component is typically calculated as mg cosine theta. It is calculated from a coefficient, symbolized mu, multiplied by the normal force. Rolling motion is affected by the \"kinetic\" type of this force, which is known as \"drag\" in fluids. For 10 points, name this force that resists the motion of objects against one another.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 176 ], [ 177, 317 ], [ 318, 401 ], [ 402, 501 ], [ 502, 588 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Magic Flute [or Die Zauberfl\u00f6te]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One aria in this opera sees the villain hand the female protagonist a knife, order her to kill a priest, and sing about \"Hell's vengeance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507462", "qanta_id": 1808, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One aria in this opera sees the villain hand the female protagonist a knife, order her to kill a priest, and sing about \"Hell's vengeance.\" One character in this opera escapes from a Moor named Monostatos. Another character in this opera is the birdcatcher Papageno. The opera hits high F6 in its soprano aria \"Der Holle Rache.\" Its plot centers on the love between Tamina and Pamino. The priest Sarastro opposes the Queen of the Night in this opera. For 10 points, name this opera about an enchanted woodwind instrument, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 138, 205 ], [ 206, 266 ], [ 267, 327 ], [ 327, 384 ], [ 385, 450 ], [ 451, 549 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jesus Christ of Nazareth [accept either first name or title]", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This character wins the Employee of the Week award at Happy-Go-Lucky Toys, and is then depicted going for his fourth Birdie on a mini-golf course.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jesus", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550747b", "qanta_id": 1833, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Pop Culture", "text": "This character wins the Employee of the Week award at Happy-Go-Lucky Toys, and is then depicted going for his fourth Birdie on a mini-golf course. Peter confuses this character with The Incredible Hulk at Mr. Weed's funeral. Stewie walks in on this man washing himself, and witnesses him wash all the suds away from his body. According to Stewie, this character is actually Chinese, and his second name is Hong. Usually depicted driving a Cadillac Escalade, this character is depicted in an NRA movie killing Romans along with Moses, while he's depicted with the power to turn water into funk on another episode. For ten points, identify this character portrayed on Family Guy in Mel Gibson's Passion of the Christ II: Crucify This!", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 224 ], [ 225, 325 ], [ 326, 411 ], [ 412, 612 ], [ 613, 732 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alexander II", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler won favor in a northern part of his empire with the appointment of Count Berg as its governor-general, and his foreign policy included resulted in such events as the seizure of Kokand and the signing of the Treaty of Aigun.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_II_of_Russia", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055074a0", "qanta_id": 1870, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This ruler won favor in a northern part of his empire with the appointment of Count Berg as its governor-general, and his foreign policy included resulted in such events as the seizure of Kokand and the signing of the Treaty of Aigun. Educated by Vasily Zhukovsky, this ruler's Military reorganization occurred during this man's reign under Dmitry Milyutin, and Pyotr Shuvalov, head of the secret police, assumed greater importance in his cabinet after a failed assassination attempt on him. Though this ruler did not live to see the Loris-Melikov constitution implemented, he did institute a number of key reforms such as the creation of the zemstvos and the passage of the Emancipation Act of 1861. Replacing Nicholas I during the Crimean War, for ten points, identify this tsar assassinated by the People's Will, whose reforms include freeing the serfs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 234 ], [ 235, 491 ], [ 492, 700 ], [ 701, 856 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Pictures at an Exhibition (also accept \"Kartinki s vystavki\")", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One movement in this piece is in 6/8 time and G sharp and is intended to depict a troubadour singing in front of an ancient castle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055074c9", "qanta_id": 1911, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One movement in this piece is in 6/8 time and G sharp and is intended to depict a troubadour singing in front of an ancient castle. One movement of this piece depicts two French women fighting in a market in the titular city, Limoges, while another one depicts two children playing in a certain garden. Many movements of this piece are separated by promenades, while a more famous movement of this piece depicts a house suspended on chicken legs. In addition to The Tuleries Gardens, the most famous movement of this piece has its main theme interspersed with piano hymns twice, and is entitled The Great Gate at Kiev. For ten points, identify this suite of pieces inspired by Victor Hartmann, which was composed by Modest Mussorgsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 302 ], [ 303, 446 ], [ 447, 618 ], [ 619, 734 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Hector Berlioz", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The secret Vehmic trials during the late Middle Ages are the subject of this composer's unfinished opera The Free Judges.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hector_Berlioz", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055074d7", "qanta_id": 1925, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "The secret Vehmic trials during the late Middle Ages are the subject of this composer's unfinished opera The Free Judges. Among the unstaged dramatic works of this composer are The Childhood of Christ and a work which ends with Marguerite being brought up to heaven in its epilogue, The Damnation of Faust. Dido and Aeneas the subjects of his opera Les Troyens, while he placed four brass choirs in different places in his Requiem. It was intended for Paganini to play the viola solo, which represents the title character, in this composer's symphony Harold in Italy. FTP, name this composer of a work whose sections include \"Dreams - Passions,\" \"Dream of a Witches' Sabbath,\" and \"March to the Scaffold,\" Symphonie Fantastique.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 306 ], [ 307, 431 ], [ 432, 567 ], [ 568, 728 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Aida", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Some of the characters in this opera discuss the future in the song \"Alta cagion v'aduna,\" while later, one character instructs antoher to be more modest in \"Vieni: sul crin ti piovano.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aida", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550750e", "qanta_id": 1980, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Some of the characters in this opera discuss the future in the song \"Alta cagion v'aduna,\" while later, one character instructs antoher to be more modest in \"Vieni: sul crin ti piovano.\" Other notable music in this opera includes the ball scene in the second act, while a returning army is depicted in the Triumphal March. The title character is compared to Celeste in one aria, while others include \"Ritorna vincitor,\" and \"O Patria Mia.\" In an excised scene, the title character meets another character in a tomb, where that man had been sealed as part of his punishment for defying the ruler. Amneris complicates matters in this play by falling in love with Radames, the son of the Pharaoh. For ten points, name this opera about the titular Ethiopian princess, which was written by Giuseppe Verdi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 185, 322 ], [ 323, 439 ], [ 440, 595 ], [ 596, 693 ], [ 694, 800 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Paul Cezanne", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Clive Bell advanced his idea of the \"significant form\" in a book whose title refers to art \"Since\" this painter, who also is the subject of a \"study of his development\" written by Roger Fry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paul_C\u00e9zanne", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507513", "qanta_id": 1985, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "Clive Bell advanced his idea of the \"significant form\" in a book whose title refers to art \"Since\" this painter, who also is the subject of a \"study of his development\" written by Roger Fry. Maurice Denis painted artists admiring one of this man's works in his Hommage to this painter, who used the technique of applying paint in thick slabs to create a series of portraits of his Uncle Dominic. Early landscapes by this artist include a depiction of the House of the Hanged Man, and in a characteristic work, he painted a conch shell to the left of a teacup and the titular object entitled The Black Clock. This artist paid tribute to Manet in his painting A Modern Olympia, and Picasso's Demoiselles d'Avignon was inspired by this man's Bathers series. Famous for his still-lifes and for paintings like The Card Players, for ten points, identify this French post-Impressionist whose landscapes of Provence prominently feature Mt. St. Victoire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 395 ], [ 396, 607 ], [ 608, 754 ], [ 755, 945 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Krebs' cycle [accept: Citric acid cycle or Tri Carboxylic Acid cycle until \"citrate\" is mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One intermediate in this pathway is also used by ALA synthase, where that compound is combined with glycine to yield aminolevulinic acid, and an enzyme in this pathway is involved in a shuttle which uses the transamination of aspartate to \"transport\" NADH across a membrane.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Citric_acid_cycle", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507514", "qanta_id": 1986, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "One intermediate in this pathway is also used by ALA synthase, where that compound is combined with glycine to yield aminolevulinic acid, and an enzyme in this pathway is involved in a shuttle which uses the transamination of aspartate to \"transport\" NADH across a membrane. Another enzyme in this pathway, like the PDHC, uses thiamine pyrophosphate and a dihydrolipoamide succinyl-transferase. Yet another step in this pathway sees the isomerization of an intermediate via aconitase, while the succinate dehydrogenase in this pathway is alternatively called \"complex II\" in the electron transport chain. Preceded by the decarboxylation of pyruvate, this is, for 10 points, which cycle of cellular respiration which sees a molecule of acetyl coA yield several high energy electron carriers, sometimes named for the citrate intermediate formed at its beginning?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 274 ], [ 275, 394 ], [ 395, 604 ], [ 605, 860 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Wittig reaction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A complementary reaction to this one is often used to prepare alpha, beta-unsaturated esters and is known as the Wadsworth-Emmons reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wittig_reaction", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507553", "qanta_id": 2049, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "A complementary reaction to this one is often used to prepare alpha, beta-unsaturated esters and is known as the Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. Along with an alcohol, a product of this reaction can be used with diethyl azodicarboxylate in the Mitsnobu reaction, and that product is also a side product in synthesizing amines in the Staudinger reaction. A modification of this reaction uses phenyllithium and hydrochloric acid at low temperatures, to get the reaction mechanism, converting the erythro betaine intermediate to a threo betaine. That modification will yield the E- isomer as opposed to the Z- isomer normally yielded by this reaction, and that modification is named for Schlosser. For ten points, name this reaction in which an aldehyde reacts with a phosphonium ylide to produce an alkene.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 348 ], [ 349, 537 ], [ 538, 689 ], [ 690, 799 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The Trial [or Der Process]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One episode in this novel shows a washerwoman screaming while clutched by another character, while she later is seized and carried away by a student.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Trial", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507566", "qanta_id": 2068, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One episode in this novel shows a washerwoman screaming while clutched by another character, while she later is seized and carried away by a student. Another character appears in her nightgown and explains that she has a businessman locked up in a small room. The protagonist of this novel is confused to see a person in Fraulein Burstner's room, and he later buys three paintings from Titorelli in exchange for advice. Leni is the assistant to the lawyer Hull in this novel, who is engaged by the protagonist but only considers drafting a petition. This novel concludes when the protagonist is taken to a quarry and executed on his 31st birthday. For 10 points, name this novel about the arrest and persecution of a bank manager named Joseph K, written by Franz Kafka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 259 ], [ 260, 419 ], [ 420, 549 ], [ 550, 647 ], [ 648, 769 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sir Edward William Elgar", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote several pieces for violin and piano, including the Pastourelle, the Bizarrerie, and the Salut d'Amour, and composed for the Powick Asylum Band early in his career.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507576", "qanta_id": 2084, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "He wrote several pieces for violin and piano, including the Pastourelle, the Bizarrerie, and the Salut d'Amour, and composed for the Powick Asylum Band early in his career. Poetry inspired many of his works, including the 1901 Grania and Dairmid, co-written with William Butler Yeats and The Black Knight and St. Olaf, both written in 1896 and inspired by the works of Robert Longfellow. His first symphony, dedicated to Hans Richter, is unusual for being in A flat major and for its opening movement being marked Andante nobilmente. His Catholicism was a great influence in his work, including his setting of Cardinal Newman's poem The Dream of Gerontius. For ten points, identify this composer of the Pomp and Circumstance Marches and the Enigma Variations", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 387 ], [ 388, 533 ], [ 534, 656 ], [ 657, 758 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "insulin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This compound promotes the dephosphorylation and activation of enzyme HMG-CoA to favor cholesterol synthesis and a phenylalanine for leucine substitution at residue B25 results in its \"Chicago\" variety.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Insulin", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550757d", "qanta_id": 2091, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "This compound promotes the dephosphorylation and activation of enzyme HMG-CoA to favor cholesterol synthesis and a phenylalanine for leucine substitution at residue B25 results in its \"Chicago\" variety. Its biosynthesis involves an excision of the C-peptide, and the compound functions by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors on cell surfaces. Sanger's improvement upon the methods of Edman degradation involved its sequencing, and its production occurs primarily in beta cells on the islets of langerhans. For ten points, name this pancreatic counterpart of glucagon used to regulate blood sugar, deficiencies of which are found in sufferers of diabetes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 202 ], [ 203, 343 ], [ 344, 506 ], [ 507, 655 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "infrared spectroscopy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Polymer samples can be prepared for use in this procedure by dissolution, then deposition on an ionic substrate, then evaporation in a technique known as cast film.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Infrared_spectroscopy", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507581", "qanta_id": 2095, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Polymer samples can be prepared for use in this procedure by dissolution, then deposition on an ionic substrate, then evaporation in a technique known as cast film. More usual preparation techniques include mulling with a heavy paraffin like Nujol and spreading between salt plates; salt is used as a medium for this analytic technique since it is transparent to the probe used. That probe radiation can be understood as inducing motion corresponding to normal modes in the analyte molecular Hamiltonian, so the lines that this techniques produces are, to first order, characteristic of the types of bonds present. For 10 points, name this chemical technique that analyzes bonds by probing absorption and emission of light with wavelengths longer than the visible but shorter than the microwave.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 378 ], [ 379, 614 ], [ 615, 795 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Federico Garc? Lorca", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author describes listening to children singing in \"Ballad of the Little Square,\" while in another balled, he describes he experience of being a sleepwalker.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Federico_Garc\u00eda_Lorca", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055075b4", "qanta_id": 2146, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author describes listening to children singing in \"Ballad of the Little Square,\" while in another balled, he describes he experience of being a sleepwalker. A cat's paw is tragically crushed in this author's long poem \"Poet in New York\", while in a dramatic work, this author depicted the titular Marina Pineda. Some of his poems were collected in Gypsy Ballads, this author wrote a play in which the Felix family is hated by the Mother. In addition to that, this playwright wrote a play in which Mar? Josefa is declared to have died a virgin by her mother. For 10 points name this author of Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 316 ], [ 317, 442 ], [ 443, 506 ], [ 507, 562 ], [ 563, 642 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Winter", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Isabel Allende", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, the photographer Francisco Leal falls in love with Irene Beltran despite her engagement to an army captain known as The Bridegroom of Death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isabel_Allende", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055075cd", "qanta_id": 2171, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one of this author's works, the photographer Francisco Leal falls in love with Irene Beltran despite her engagement to an army captain known as The Bridegroom of Death. Another of this author's novels focuses on Eliza Sommer's relationships with Tao Chi'en and Joaquin Andieta. That novel, Portrait in Sepia, is continued in this author's novel about Aurora de Valle, Daughter of Fortune. This author wrote a novel about Rolfe Carl's relationship with the title storyteller, and a novel about Esteban's marriage to the psychic Clara. For 10 points, name this Chilean author of Eva Luna who wrote about the Trueba family in The House of the Spirits.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 280 ], [ 281, 391 ], [ 392, 536 ], [ 537, 651 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Andrew Jackson [or Old Hickory]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "During one conflict, this commander captured and executed Alexander Arbuthnot and Robert Ambrister.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Andrew_Jackson", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055075d6", "qanta_id": 2180, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "During one conflict, this commander captured and executed Alexander Arbuthnot and Robert Ambrister. This man was attacked by the \"coffin handbills,\" and was known as \"Sharp Knife\" to Native Americans. This commander defeated Mateo Manrique at the Battle of Pensacola after crushing the Red Sticks. This candidate won a presidential election over William Wirt, and vetoed the Maysville Road bill. He appointed Roger Taney to the Supreme Court, replaced his vice-president during the Peggy Eaton affair, and signed the Indian Removal Act. For 10 points, name this general who defeated John Quincy Adams in the election of 1828, America's seventh president.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 200 ], [ 201, 297 ], [ 298, 395 ], [ 396, 536 ], [ 537, 654 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Rabindranath Tagore", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After attending a lecture by this author, Leos Janacek composed a chorus for men's voices based on this author's work, titled \"The Wandering Madman.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rabindranath_Tagore", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055075e2", "qanta_id": 2192, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "After attending a lecture by this author, Leos Janacek composed a chorus for men's voices based on this author's work, titled \"The Wandering Madman.\" Rued Langgaard composed a suite of ten hymns named for this author's major poetry collection, which also inspired songs for voice and piano by John Alden Carpenter such as \"On the seashore of endless worlds.\" This author represents the present, along with Tolstoy and Martin Luther King, Jr.'s \"past\" and \"future,\" and advises Mahatma Gandhi in the second act of Philip Glass' opera Satyagraha. His compositions include the music and libretto of \"Jana Gana Mana,\" adopted as India's national anthem. For 10 points, name this Bengali poet of Gitanjali.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 357 ], [ 357, 358 ], [ 359, 544 ], [ 545, 649 ], [ 650, 701 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "lysosome", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One disorder involving this organelle is caused by a mutation in E325K on the NAGA gene, called Schindler disease.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lysosome", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055075e4", "qanta_id": 2194, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "One disorder involving this organelle is caused by a mutation in E325K on the NAGA gene, called Schindler disease. One method of transporting molecules to it involves an hsc70-containing chaperone complex. Another disorder results in enzyme transport to the extracellular space rather than this organelle and is called I-cell disease. Proteins are marked for this structure with mannose-6-phosphate, and proton pump activity in this organelle maintains the acidic pH necessary for its primary function. One genetic defect results in ganglioside buildup in this organelle and thus causes Tay-Sachs disease. For 10 points, identify this cellular organelle that breaks down macromolecules with the aid of acid hydrolases.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 205 ], [ 206, 334 ], [ 335, 502 ], [ 503, 605 ], [ 606, 718 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Rainier Maria Rilke", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "John Mood wrote books about this author \"on Death and other Oddities\" and \"On Love and other Difficulties.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rainer_Maria_Rilke", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055075f7", "qanta_id": 2213, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "John Mood wrote books about this author \"on Death and other Oddities\" and \"On Love and other Difficulties.\" William Gass translated this author's concept of \"weltinnenraum\" as \"innerworldspace\" in a book titled \"reading\" this author. This poet described a caged animal who sees \"a thousand bars, and beyond them no world\" in a poem inspired by a Rodin sculpture, and praised Gaspara Sampa as an ideal hero in the first of a set of ten poems. This author of \"thing-poems\" like \"The Panther\" asked \"Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the angelic orders?\" in poems named for a castle. For 10 points, name this German poet of the Sonnets to Orpheus and the Duino Elegies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 233 ], [ 234, 441 ], [ 442, 558 ], [ 559, 587 ], [ 588, 673 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "IR Spectroscopy [or Infrared Spectroscopy]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One type of this technique is beneficial because of the higher signals produced, the so-called Jacquinot Advantage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Infrared_spectroscopy", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055076b3", "qanta_id": 2401, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One type of this technique is beneficial because of the higher signals produced, the so-called Jacquinot Advantage. Another form of this technique, developed from techniques used in NMR, uses picosecond-long exposures to track dynamics, the so-called two dimensional or color-correlated form of it. Samples can either be ground into a nonvolatile mull of nujol or spread across a pair of salt plates. In this technique, higher stretching frequencies tend to correspond to bonds to lighter elements like hydrogen, and one part of it is the group frequency region. Containing the fingerprint region, for 10 points, name this type of spectroscopy that uses electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 298 ], [ 299, 400 ], [ 401, 562 ], [ 563, 723 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Mughal dynasty [or Moghul; do not accept or prompt on \"Mongol\"]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The last ruler of this dynasty died an opium addict while in exile, but only after having had the decapitated heads of his sons tossed onto his lap by his victorious enemies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mughal_Empire", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055076df", "qanta_id": 2445, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The last ruler of this dynasty died an opium addict while in exile, but only after having had the decapitated heads of his sons tossed onto his lap by his victorious enemies. One important historical source about this dynasty is The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe, written by England's first ambassador to it. The second of this dynasty's rulers sought refuge with the Safavid Shah Tahmasp after having been driven from his empire by the Afghan Sher Shah Suri. The third of its rulers founded a new capital at Fatehpur Sikri and was advised by Birbal and Bairam Khan, the victor of the second battle of Panipat. For 10 points, name this dynasty, ended by the British after Bahadur Shah II's support of the great Indian mutiny, whose other rulers include Babar and Akbar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 304 ], [ 305, 455 ], [ 456, 606 ], [ 607, 765 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Union of Myanmar; or Burma", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One conflict involving this nation saw the taking of Mannerplaw and the capture of Khun Sa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Myanmar", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055076e9", "qanta_id": 2455, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One conflict involving this nation saw the taking of Mannerplaw and the capture of Khun Sa. In another conflict, an attack on Negrais led to rise of a dynasty ruled by Hsinbyushin and Bodawpaya. An Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League resisted Japanese rule here after being trained by them. Alaungpaya founded its Konbaung dynasty at Ava after a Mon rebellion toppled the Toungoo, which had been led by king Bayinnaung. Khin Nyunt held the leadership of an organization founded by General Saw Maung in this nation, SLORC, and early kingdoms here include Arakan and Pagan. For 10 points, name this polity once ruled by the regime of Ne Win, currently home to Nobelist Aung San Suu Kyi, who is held under house arrest in Yangon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 194 ], [ 195, 291 ], [ 292, 420 ], [ 421, 572 ], [ 573, 727 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "August Strindberg", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Jean Sibelius composed incidental music to this author's fairy tale Swanwhite.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "August_Strindberg", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055076f2", "qanta_id": 2464, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Jean Sibelius composed incidental music to this author's fairy tale Swanwhite. One of this author's plays ends with the image of Bocklin's painting The Isle of the Dead, while in another, Agnes is born to a glazier to disprove her immortal father's assertion that \"Complaining is their mother tongue.\" This playwright wrote about the Captain, who dies of a stroke after his miserable marriage to Alice, in The Dance of Death. Another of his plays is set on Midsummer Eve, and ends with Jean handing the title character a razor and telling her to commit suicide. For 10 points, name this playwright, the author of A Dream Play and Miss Julie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 300 ], [ 300, 425 ], [ 426, 561 ], [ 562, 641 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The Republic", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Hans-Georg Gadamer argued that the ideal described in this work is heuristic in nature in an essay about this work's author \"and the poets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Republic_(Plato)", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055076f4", "qanta_id": 2466, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "Hans-Georg Gadamer argued that the ideal described in this work is heuristic in nature in an essay about this work's author \"and the poets.\" Books six and seven of this work assert that knowledge is ultimately for the Good, which shines on intelligible essences like the sun. It asserts that love is \"a tyrant\" over man, and compares imaginative, real, intelligent, and abstract levels of thought to a line divided into four segments. In its first book, Thrasymachus describes justice as \"the advantage of the stronger,\" while its seventh book likens people unaware of Forms to humans viewing shadows on the wall of a cave. For 10 points, name this Platonic dialogue that describes an ideal society.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 139, 275 ], [ 276, 434 ], [ 435, 623 ], [ 624, 699 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Paschen-Back effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "According to NMR relaxation experiments, its Hamiltonian consistently dominates the ZFS Hamiltonian, and it may on rare occasions be observed along with a diamagnetic shift.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zeeman_effect", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507761", "qanta_id": 2575, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "According to NMR relaxation experiments, its Hamiltonian consistently dominates the ZFS Hamiltonian, and it may on rare occasions be observed along with a diamagnetic shift. David Akers established that its occurrence in dyonium explains away what appeared to be a magnetic monopole. Its molecular form occurs in diatomic molecules at sunspot-like temperatures and results in antisymmetric Stokes profiles, while its incomplete form occurs when the eigenvalues of a certain matrix cross each other instead of spreading linearly. Only occurring when the orbital and spin contributions to angular momentum cannot be considered coupled because the spin-orbit interaction is dwarfed by the magnitude of the external magnetic field, for 10 points, identify this strong-field variant of the Zeeman effect.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 283 ], [ 284, 528 ], [ 529, 799 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Chinua Achebe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This author denounced V. S. Naipaul for identifying with wealthy, modernized countries, and contrasted him with Narayan's interest in the people of Malgudi in his essay \"Today, a Balance of Stories.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chinua_Achebe", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550776f", "qanta_id": 2589, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This author denounced V. S. Naipaul for identifying with wealthy, modernized countries, and contrasted him with Narayan's interest in the people of Malgudi in his essay \"Today, a Balance of Stories.\" He described a boy ashamed of writing about the harmattan in an essay about the function of the author, \"The Novelist as Teacher.\" This author wrote that \"art for art's sake is just another piece of deodorized dog-shit\" and argued that Armah's novel The Beautyful Ones are Not Yet Born ignores the sickness of Ghana for the sickness of the modern world in \"Africa and Her Writers.\" This founding editor of the literary magazine Okike wrote a novel in which Odo prostitutes his daughter Edna for money paid by Nanga, who maneuvers to win an election over Odili Samalu. The protagonist of another of his novels wins a scholarship from the UPU before returning to Lagos and taking bribes to pay for the abortion of his girlfriend Clara. For 10 points, name this author of A Man of the People, who wrote about Obi Okonkwo in No Longer at Ease, the sequel to his novel Things Fall Apart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 330 ], [ 331, 476 ], [ 477, 581 ], [ 582, 767 ], [ 768, 933 ], [ 934, 1082 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Bose-Einstein condensate [or BEC]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Wright et al. determined that Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage could be used to transfer orbital angular momentum to this type of substance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bose\u2013Einstein_condensate", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055077ca", "qanta_id": 2680, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Wright et al. determined that Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage could be used to transfer orbital angular momentum to this type of substance. Ignat and Millot verified the appropriateness of the Thomas-Fermi approximation of solutions to an equation that describes the behavior of these substances. Optical lattices are used to study certain varieties of these entities, including Tonks-Girardeau gases. Described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, one of these composed of diatomic lithium was created in 2006, and the creation of the first one won Wiemann and Cornell the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics. Predicted in 1924 by one of its namesakes, for 10 points, name this type of substance, first created by supercooling rubidium-87 atoms, the so-called \"fifth state of matter\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 299 ], [ 300, 404 ], [ 405, 602 ], [ 603, 777 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "James Fenimore Cooper", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One work by this man describes a protagonist who was born on \"neck of land\" and who argues against a theory that a certain place name is a corruption of the word \"Dibbleston,\" and that protagonist travels with Uncle Ro.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Fenimore_Cooper", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507822", "qanta_id": 2768, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One work by this man describes a protagonist who was born on \"neck of land\" and who argues against a theory that a certain place name is a corruption of the word \"Dibbleston,\" and that protagonist travels with Uncle Ro. This author of a work about Miles Wallingford penned a novel about Vulcan's Peak called The Crater and created a family including Cornelius, Hugh, and Mordaunt. A series containing The Redskins, The Chainbearer, and Satanstoe was his trilogy about the Anti-Rent Wars, the Littlepage Manuscripts. Alice Dunscombe is once again abandoned at the end of his story of the mysterious Mr. Gray, who is likely a disguised John Paul Jones. A sequence written by this man in which several bullets are shot through a painted nail without ever being examined is analyzed in a work that claims one of his novels \"accomplishes nothing and arrives in air.\" For 10 points, name this creator of such characters as Uncas, whose \"literary offenses\" were described by Mark Twain and who included The Pathfinder, The Deerslayer, and The Last of the Mohicans in his Leatherstocking Tales.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 380 ], [ 381, 515 ], [ 516, 650 ], [ 651, 860 ], [ 860, 1086 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Thebes", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This state aided the Thessalians in a war with Alexander of Pherae, defeating that tyrant at the less-heralded first Battle of Cynoscephalae.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thebes,_Greece", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507879", "qanta_id": 2855, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Ancient", "text": "This state aided the Thessalians in a war with Alexander of Pherae, defeating that tyrant at the less-heralded first Battle of Cynoscephalae. One military victory for this polity saw it deploy fifty ranks of troops on its left wing to match twelve for the opponent, inventing the \"oblique order\" to great success in a battle against Cleombrotus. Forces of this city orchestrated the Arcadians' founding of Megalopolis and reformed the state of Messenia after allying with a helot revolt in Sparta, but this polity, which was victorious at Tegyra, declined following the death of its greatest general at Mantineia. For 10 points, name this city which led the Boeotian League during the days of Pelopidas and Epaminondas and won at Leuctra before being defeated by Philip of Macedon at Chaeronea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 345 ], [ 346, 613 ], [ 614, 794 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Gustav Holst", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This composer used a scherzo in 7/4 time to set a hymn with the refrain \"Brothers rise and join the throng,\" \"Song of the Frogs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustav_Holst", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507896", "qanta_id": 2884, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer used a scherzo in 7/4 time to set a hymn with the refrain \"Brothers rise and join the throng,\" \"Song of the Frogs.\" This composer incorporated the folk song \"If All the World Were Paper\" into the allegro movement of his Opus 40, A Fugal Concerto. In one of his works, a mixed chorus sings agitated pleas in 5/4 time, and is answered in 5/2 time by a reassuring \"master,\" who sings \"I am Mind of all.\" He composed \"Dance of the Marionette\" and \"Dance Under the Cherry Tree\" for a work commissioned by Michito Ito, theJapanese Suite. This composer used an anvil to provide the rhythm of his \"Song of the Blacksmith,\" the third movement of a suite ending with a \"Fantasy on the Dargason,\" the Second Suite for Military Band. He adapted gnostic texts from the Apocryphal Acts of St John into his Hymn of Jesus, and composed a tone poem named for a location in The Return of the Native. For 10 points, name this English composer of Egdon Heath, St. Paul's Suite, and The Planets.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 128, 260 ], [ 261, 414 ], [ 415, 545 ], [ 546, 735 ], [ 736, 895 ], [ 896, 988 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The Republic [or Politeia]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At one point in this work, it is suggested that the Lydian and Ionian modes should be done away with for being dirgelike and lax, respectively.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Republic_(Plato)", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507914", "qanta_id": 3010, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "At one point in this work, it is suggested that the Lydian and Ionian modes should be done away with for being dirgelike and lax, respectively. This work presents a theory that ascribes three aspects of appetite, spirit and reason to the soul. One character in this work uses the legend of the ring of Gyges to argue that people are only just because they fear punishment, and another character, Thrasymachus, defends the idea that might makes right. Book seven of this work uses the allegory of cave to support the argument that only philosophers are fit to rule society. For 10 points, name this Platonic dialogue which describes an ideal state.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 243 ], [ 244, 450 ], [ 451, 572 ], [ 573, 647 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Spain [or Espa\u00f1a]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One composer from this country wrote a violin fantasy on the opera Carmen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507920", "qanta_id": 3022, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One composer from this country wrote a violin fantasy on the opera Carmen. One composer from this country dedicated a five-instrument concerto to Wanda Landowska and wrote the Atlantis cantata. One composer from this country wrote a difficult four-book piano suite opening with an A-minor \"evocation\" of this nation, and one \"symphonie\" set in this country was written by \u00c9douard Lalo. This country was the setting of a ballet in which the miller and his wife trick a magistrate. Iberia and The Three-Cornered Hat were set in, for 10 points, what country, whose classical music was composed by Manuel de Falla?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 193 ], [ 194, 385 ], [ 386, 479 ], [ 480, 610 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Mario Vargas Llosa", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote of a character known as \"superbrain\" who participates in a title event after meeting Ambrosio at a dog pound.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mario_Vargas_Llosa", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507923", "qanta_id": 3025, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This author wrote of a character known as \"superbrain\" who participates in a title event after meeting Ambrosio at a dog pound. In another of his works, Fushia travels to a leper colony, Chapiro loses a game Russian Roulette to Lituma, and the harpist Don Anselmo runs the title bordello at the edge of the rainforest. This author of Conversation in the Cathedral and The Green House wrote about a series of cadets at The Leoncio Prado Military Academy in one work, and in another of his novels, Pedro Camacho writes radio soap operas and Mario falls in love with the older title character. For 10 points, name this Peruvian novelist of The Time of the Hero and Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 318 ], [ 319, 590 ], [ 591, 694 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Anne Bradstreet", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A prologue by this author decries singing of \"wars, of captains, and of kings, Of cities founded, commonwealths begun.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anne_Bradstreet", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507932", "qanta_id": 3040, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "A prologue by this author decries singing of \"wars, of captains, and of kings, Of cities founded, commonwealths begun.\" This poet whined \"My burning flesh in sweat did boil\" in a poem about a fever, and in another poem wrote of \"piteous shrieks of dreadful voice\" and \"fearful sound of \u2018fire' and \u2018fire.'\" This author of \"Verses Upon the Burning of Our House\" addressed one collection as an \"ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain,\" and opened another poem with the line \"If ever two were one, then surely we.\" For 10 points, name this poet who included \"The Author to Her Book\" and \"To My Dear and Loving Husband\" in her collection The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 118, 304 ], [ 304, 305 ], [ 306, 511 ], [ 512, 633 ], [ 634, 677 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alfred, Lord\u00a0Tennyson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one poem by this author, the gossip Miriam Lane reveals the identity of the title character after he returns from being lost at sea to find his wife Annie married to Philip.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507943", "qanta_id": 3057, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one poem by this author, the gossip Miriam Lane reveals the identity of the title character after he returns from being lost at sea to find his wife Annie married to Philip. This author of \"Enoch Arden\" noted that his sorrow came from the \"depth of some divine despair\" in \"Tears, Idle, Tears.\" In another work, this poet wrote \"Sunset and evening star, /And one clear call for me!\" and expressed his hope to see his \"Pilot face to face.\" He also described a group of six hundred who rode \"Half a league onward\" \"into the valley of death.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"Crossing the Bar\" and \"The Charge of the Light Brigade,\" the longest serving Poet Laureate of Great Britain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 296 ], [ 296, 441 ], [ 442, 542 ], [ 543, 685 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Umberto Eco", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author detailed the life of an old bookseller named Iambo Bodoni who wakes from a coma and relives his lost memories in his novel\u00a0The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Umberto_Eco", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550794b", "qanta_id": 3065, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author detailed the life of an old bookseller named Iambo Bodoni who wakes from a coma and relives his lost memories in his novel\u00a0The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana.\u00a0One character created by this author saves Niketas Choniates, is adopted by Frederick Barbarossa, and travels to Constantinople in search of Prester John. This author wrote about\u00a0Belbo, Diotallevi and Casaubon, who set out to invent a conspiracy called \"The Plan.\"\u00a0This author of\u00a0Baudolino\u00a0is better known for a novel in which Adso of Melk helps William of Baskerville solve a murder mystery in a Benedictine abbey. For 10 points, name this author of\u00a0Foucault's Pendulum\u00a0and\u00a0The Name of the Rose.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 326 ], [ 327, 435 ], [ 435, 436 ], [ 437, 587 ], [ 588, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "\u00a0coagulation\u00a0[or\u00a0thrombosis; or\u00a0clotting\u00a0before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Dicumarol, a coumarin derivative, inhibits this process by blocking the VKORC enzyme, thereby preventing proper carboxylation of proteins involved in it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coagulation", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550794e", "qanta_id": 3068, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Dicumarol, a coumarin derivative, inhibits this process by blocking the VKORC enzyme, thereby preventing proper carboxylation of proteins involved in it. Warfarins prevent this process in a similar feedback system, and it involves a certain factor that binds to exposed collagen in endothelial cells. That von Willebrand factor is deficient in the same-named disease characterized by an abnormality in this process. One of its initiating factors is thrombin, which converts fibrinogen into fibrin to form a thrombus. This process is characterized by fibrin polymerization to form a mesh-like framework together with platelets at the site of a wound. For 10 points, identify this deficiency of hemophiliacs, the process by which blood clots.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 300 ], [ 301, 415 ], [ 416, 516 ], [ 517, 649 ], [ 650, 740 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The Great Gatsby", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The narrator of this novel hangs up on a character after being asked to send out some tennis shoes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Great_Gatsby", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507950", "qanta_id": 3070, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "The narrator of this novel hangs up on a character after being asked to send out some tennis shoes. Another character in this novel talks about \"Oggsford College\" and is alleged to have fixed the World Series. The narrator of this novel becomes involved with a professional golfer who cheated to win her first tournament. A man known as Owl-Eyes is one of the few who shows up at the title character's funeral after he is shot in his pool by George Wilson, who incorrectly believes that the car that killed Myrtle Wilson was driven by the title character rather than Daisy Buchanan. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by Nick Carraway, a Jazz age work by F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 209 ], [ 210, 321 ], [ 322, 582 ], [ 583, 680 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John Maxwell Coetzee", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character created by this author writes a Ulysses retelling entitled The House on Eccles Street.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "J._M._Coetzee", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507960", "qanta_id": 3086, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One character created by this author writes a Ulysses retelling entitled The House on Eccles Street. Before creating the Australian author Elizabeth Costello, this novelist wrote of a Third Bureau officer named Colonel Joll, whose cruelty and decisiveness shocks The Magistrate. In one of this author's novels, Lucy is raped by some thugs after her professor father David Lurie is forced to leave the university when he seduces a student. Another of his characters is a hare-lipped gardener who travels to Prince Albert to deliver his mother's ashes. For 10 points, name this South African author of Disgrace, Waiting for the Barbarians, and The Life and Times of Michael K.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 278 ], [ 279, 438 ], [ 439, 550 ], [ 551, 674 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Cambodia", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Dangrek or \"Carrying-Pole Mountains\" run along the northwest border of this country, whose southwestern region contains the Elephant Mountains, a subrange of the Cardamom Mountains.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cambodia", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507969", "qanta_id": 3095, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "The Dangrek or \"Carrying-Pole Mountains\" run along the northwest border of this country, whose southwestern region contains the Elephant Mountains, a subrange of the Cardamom Mountains. This country's only deepwater port was founded in 1964 and named after the then-king, who abdicated in 2004. That city, Sihanoukville, has seen a surge in tourism, but the most popular destinations remain Siem Reap, at the northern end of the Tonle Sap, and its largest city, at the confluence of the Tonle Sap River and the Mekong. The aforementioned Siem Reap serves as a gateway to this country's temples of Angkor. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian country where the Khmer Rouge ordered forced evacuations of the capital, Phnom Penh.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 294 ], [ 295, 518 ], [ 519, 604 ], [ 605, 730 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John Milton Cage Jr.", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this man's early works was a Clarinet Sonata that no clarinet players were willing to play.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Cage", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550797c", "qanta_id": 3114, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One of this man's early works was a Clarinet Sonata that no clarinet players were willing to play. Like this man's String Quartet in Four Parts, Indian themes were prevalent in one of his ballets which used the gamut technique and was choreographed for Merce Cunningham. Besides Sonatas and Interludes and The Seasons, this man wrote the 64 by 64, I Ching-inspired, four part Music of Changes for solo piano, to which he added cymbals and two phonographs for the first of his five Imaginary Landscapes. This composer also wrote a three-movement piece whose only sounds come from the environment. For 10 points, name this composer of 4'33'' (four, thirty-three).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 270 ], [ 271, 502 ], [ 503, 595 ], [ 596, 639 ], [ 640, 661 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John Maynard Keynes", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This economist argued that countries should avoid deflation even if it causes their currency to depreciate in A Tract on Monetary Reform.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550797d", "qanta_id": 3115, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Economics", "text": "This economist argued that countries should avoid deflation even if it causes their currency to depreciate in A Tract on Monetary Reform. He dismantled classical theory in favor of logical-relationist theory in A Treatise on Probability. He argued against the gold standard in The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill, and referred to the Treaty of Versailles as a Carthaginian peace in another work, entitled The Economic Consequences of the Peace. For 10 points, name this British economist who wrote General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money and advocated governmental intervention in the economy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 237 ], [ 238, 451 ], [ 452, 610 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Albania", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The League of Prizren was formed by leaders who sought the independence of this country by unifying territories such as Shkodra and Janina.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albania", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507984", "qanta_id": 3122, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "The League of Prizren was formed by leaders who sought the independence of this country by unifying territories such as Shkodra and Janina. This country's national hero was a man who successfully led the seige of Berat and defended the castle of Kruja several times. Italy invaded this country during World War II when it was ruled by a man who claimed descent from Skanderbeg. A communist ruler of this country published recounted his meetings with Stalin in the book With Stalin and\u00a0 created a secret police called the Sigurimi. For 10 points, identify this Balkan nation which was ruled by Enver Hoxha from its capital at Tirana.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 266 ], [ 267, 377 ], [ 378, 530 ], [ 531, 632 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Gustave Flaubert\u00a0", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He included the Syrian governor Vitellius and the executioner Mannaeus in his retelling of the John the Baptist story titled after Herod's wife.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustave_Flaubert", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca90550798d", "qanta_id": 3131, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "He included the Syrian governor Vitellius and the executioner Mannaeus in his retelling of the John the Baptist story titled after Herod's wife. He considered his masterpiece to be a work about a saint who is confronted by Frailty, Science, the Queen of Sheba, and a version of the devil called Hilarion during a night in the desert. In addition to \"Herodias\" and The Temptation of Saint Anthony, he wrote about a daughter of Hamilcar who is pursued by the mercenary leader Matho in Salammbo. In another of his novels, Charles botches a foot surgery and the title character runs up huge debts after having affairs with Leon and Rodolphe. For 10 points, name this French author of Madame Bovary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 333 ], [ 334, 492 ], [ 493, 637 ], [ 638, 694 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Achille-Claude Debussy", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Gamelan music from Java was the inspiration for this composer's only String Quartet in G minor. \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507997", "qanta_id": 3141, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Gamelan music from Java was the inspiration for this composer's only String Quartet in G minor. \"Footsteps in the Snow,\" \"The Sunken Cathedral,\" and \"The Girl with the Flaxen Hair\" all appear in his first set of Pr\u00e9ludes. A parody of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde appears in this composer's \"Golliwogg's Cakewalk,\" part of his Children's Corner suite. This composer composed a work in which a harp plays a dreamy theme after a descending chromatic scale in a flute introduction, which was inspired by a Mallarm\u00e9 poem. For 10 points, name this French composer of \"Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun\" and \"Claire de Lune.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 97, 221 ], [ 222, 349 ], [ 350, 515 ], [ 516, 618 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "George Bernard Shaw", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His series of five plays spanning 4,000 BC to 32,000 AD includes characters who will themselves to great ages to avoid creative evolution.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Bernard_Shaw", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055079a2", "qanta_id": 3152, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "His series of five plays spanning 4,000 BC to 32,000 AD includes characters who will themselves to great ages to avoid creative evolution. In another of his works, Reverend James Morell realizes his dependence on his wife after she rejects Eugene Marchbanks. This author of Back to Methusalah and Candida wrote a play in which Raina discovers that the Swiss soldier Bluntschi carries chocolate instead of pistols. Another of his characters rejects the arms manufacturer Andrew Undershaft's donation to the Salvation Army. For 10 points, name this playwright of Arms and the Man and Major Barbara who wrote about Henry Higgins instructing the cockney flower seller Eliza Doolittle in Pygmallion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 258 ], [ 259, 413 ], [ 414, 521 ], [ 522, 694 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Odin [or Woden; or Wotan; or anything like that]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The image of this figure on his mount is associated with three interlocking triangles, the Valknut.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odin", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055079e1", "qanta_id": 3215, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "The image of this figure on his mount is associated with three interlocking triangles, the Valknut. This god worked for Baugi and seduced Gunnlod to obtain a substance made from Kvasir's blood. Along with Vili and Ve, this god was the son of Borr and Bestla. This god's possessions include the throne Hlidskjalf and the ring Draupnir. This god receives half of the Einherjar in Valhalla, where they are served by his Valkyrie messengers. After making a trip to Mimir's Well, this god lost one eye. Huginn and Muninn are ravens loyal to, for 10 points, what chief Norse deity?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 193 ], [ 194, 258 ], [ 259, 334 ], [ 335, 437 ], [ 438, 497 ], [ 498, 575 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "friction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Various phenomena associated with this force can be described by the creation and annihilation of modes called shearons.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friction", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055079f1", "qanta_id": 3231, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Various phenomena associated with this force can be described by the creation and annihilation of modes called shearons. Defects along a surface can lead to energetic corrugations resulting in this force according to the Tomlinson model, which describes it on the atomic level. The triboelectric effect is charging as a consequence of this force, whose \"skin\" variety occurs at a body-fluid interface. It is independent of surface area according to one of Amontons' Laws, and superlubricity is the total absence of this force. For 10 points, identify this force which is perpendicular to the normal force and provides resistance when two surfaces slide over each other.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 277 ], [ 278, 401 ], [ 402, 526 ], [ 527, 669 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "ribosome", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Chloramphenicol stalls the activity of this structure, while reversal of its primary function is enabled by LepA. That function is carried out using the GTPase activity of EF-G. One of its main substrates is assembled using the enzyme aaRS, and in prokaryotes, its 16S portion attaches to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ribosome", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055079fa", "qanta_id": 3240, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Chloramphenicol stalls the activity of this structure, while reversal of its primary function is enabled by LepA. That function is carried out using the GTPase activity of EF-G. One of its main substrates is assembled using the enzyme aaRS, and in prokaryotes, its 16S portion attaches to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Designated 70S or 80S, this organelle transfers a nascent peptide from its P-site to its A-site where aminoacyl-tRNA accepts the polymerizing protein chain. The tRNAs then exit from its E-site. Coming in free and bound varieties, for 10 points, name this organelle sometimes found on rough ER that contains two subunits and is the site of protein synthesis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 317 ], [ 318, 474 ], [ 475, 511 ], [ 512, 675 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Due chiefly to the provocation of this man, problems stemming from the Convention of Gastein led to the Seven Weeks War and Austria's exclusion from a newly established empire.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_von_Bismarck", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca9055079fd", "qanta_id": 3243, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Due chiefly to the provocation of this man, problems stemming from the Convention of Gastein led to the Seven Weeks War and Austria's exclusion from a newly established empire. This person arranged the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia, a secret agreement compelled by the collapse of the Three Emperors League. The May Laws promulgated by this leader's minister of culture, Adalbert Falk, contributed to a political struggle called the Kulturkampf. This prime minister edited an exchange between the French Count Benedetti and King William in such a way so as to provoke armed conflict; that message, the Ems telegram, precipitated the Franco-Prussian War. For 10 points, name this German chancellor from 1871 to 1890, a Prussian who was the chief architect of the late-nineteenth century German Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 308 ], [ 309, 446 ], [ 447, 654 ], [ 655, 801 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "PCR [or Polymerase Chain Reaction]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A higher thoroughput modification of this technique starts at a high temperature but lowers it in small increments until it reaches a specified point.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymerase_chain_reaction", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a01", "qanta_id": 3247, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "A higher thoroughput modification of this technique starts at a high temperature but lowers it in small increments until it reaches a specified point. In addition to that touchdown variant, another variant of this technique simultaneously quantifies its product in real-time. It employs cations like magnesium 2+ to stabilize its products and uses dNTPs as building blocks for those products. This process uses different temperatures for its denaturing, annealing, and elongation stages, and it was greatly improved with the thermostable Taq polymerase enzyme that carries it out. For 10 points, name this common laboratory technique used to amplify a sample of DNA.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 275 ], [ 276, 392 ], [ 393, 580 ], [ 581, 666 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Luigi Pirandello", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this author centers on a play about the pilot Rico Verri directed by Dr. Hinkfuss's.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Luigi_Pirandello", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a03", "qanta_id": 3249, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One work by this author centers on a play about the pilot Rico Verri directed by Dr. Hinkfuss's. The protagonist of one of this author's novels abandons his wife Romilda and wins big at Monte Carlo before trading identities with a dead man. This author of Tonight We Improvise and The Late Mattia Pascal wrote about a man who falls off of his horse and believes he is the title Holy Emperor. One of his plays is partially set in Madame Pace's shop and sees the Father, the Mother, the Stepdaughter, the Son, The Boy, and the Little Girl ask the Stage Manager to put them in a play. For 10 points, identify this Italian author of Henry IV and Six Characters in Search of an Author.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 240 ], [ 241, 391 ], [ 392, 581 ], [ 582, 680 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Arrhenius Equation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Williams-Landel-Ferry model provides more accurate predictions for viscosity at higher temperatures than this related equation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arrhenius_equation", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a05", "qanta_id": 3251, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The Williams-Landel-Ferry model provides more accurate predictions for viscosity at higher temperatures than this related equation. This equation is similar in form to an equation based on transition state theory named after Polanyi and Eyring. Derived largely from collision theory, it includes one term based partially on the number of collisions in the system, as well as a term equal to e to the negative capital E-sub-a over RT. Preceded by a pre-exponential or steric factor typically symbolized A and used to compute the rate constant in terms of activation energy, for 10 points, name this equation of chemical kinetics, named after a Swedish chemist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 244 ], [ 245, 433 ], [ 434, 659 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Albrecht D\u00fcrer\u00a0", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist's Christ Taken Captive and Christ in Limbo are part a series of his that had a \"Little\" counterpart, his \"Great Passion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albrecht_D\u00fcrer", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a14", "qanta_id": 3266, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "This artist's Christ Taken Captive and Christ in Limbo are part a series of his that had a \"Little\" counterpart, his \"Great Passion.\" Joachim and Anna Meeting at the Golden Gate and The Annunciation are part of his \"Life of the Virgin\" series, and the first title character of another of his works carries a furry lance and is flanked by the two other horned characters. This creator of Knight, Death, and the Devil included a skull on a window ledge and lion sleeping on a rug for one work, and another contains polyhedrons, magic squares, and a depressed angel. For 10 points, name this German woodcut master, creator of St. Jerome in his Study, and Melencolia I.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 132, 181 ], [ 182, 370 ], [ 371, 563 ], [ 564, 665 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Erik Homburger Erikson [or Erik Homburger; or Erik Salomonsen]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This formulator of the epigenetic principle studied the Yurok Indians with the anthropologist Alfred Kroeber.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Erik_Erikson", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a1c", "qanta_id": 3274, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Psychology", "text": "This formulator of the epigenetic principle studied the Yurok Indians with the anthropologist Alfred Kroeber. He analyzed a religious reformer in Young Man Luther and analyzed another historical figure in a work subtitled \"On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence.\" This author of Gandhi's Truth advanced his most important theory in Childhood and Society; that theory states that each part of a person's life is marked by a conflict, such as industry versus inferiority or trust versus mistrust. For 10 points, name this psychologist who postulated eight stages of psychosocial development and coined the term \"identity crisis.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 262 ], [ 262, 263 ], [ 264, 494 ], [ 495, 627 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Tartuffe", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its author responded to criticism of this play in a \"Letter on the Comedy of the Imposter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tartuffe", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a23", "qanta_id": 3281, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Its author responded to criticism of this play in a \"Letter on the Comedy of the Imposter.\" Near the end of this play, the Norman-born Bailiff Loyal orders the protagonist to vacate his house. Before the action of this play, Argas entrusts the villain with incriminating documents. The title character of this play convinces the protagonist to let him spend more time with Elmire. This play includes the servant Dorine, and ends with the planned marriage of Valere and Mariane. The final act of this play sees an officer of King Louis XIV ordering the title character arrested, saving the house of Orgon and his family.\u00a0 For 10 points, name this Moliere comedy about a religious hypocrite.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 90, 192 ], [ 193, 281 ], [ 282, 380 ], [ 381, 477 ], [ 478, 621 ], [ 621, 689 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Charles-\u00c9douard Jeanneret-Gris [or Le Corbusier]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This architect collaborated with Nadir Afonso on a plan which he implemented in The House of the Mad or Radiant City.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Le_Corbusier", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a26", "qanta_id": 3284, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "This architect collaborated with Nadir Afonso on a plan which he implemented in The House of the Mad or Radiant City. This architect designed the College of Architecture in the same city in which he designed a rotating metal open hand and the Palace of Justice. This architect included the sections \"The Lesson of Rome\" and \"Eyes That Do Not See\" in his magnum opus, Towards a New Architecture, written decades before he served as lead designer of Chandigarh, India. This architect is best known for a church in Ronchamp and a house in Poissy executed in the International Style. For 10 points, name this French architect of the Villa Savoye.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 261 ], [ 262, 466 ], [ 467, 579 ], [ 580, 642 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Chile", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A failed naval expedition led by this country's Blanco Encalada resulted in the 1837 Treaty of Paucarpata, while its 1925 Constitution began its Presidential Republic period.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chile", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a28", "qanta_id": 3286, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A failed naval expedition led by this country's Blanco Encalada resulted in the 1837 Treaty of Paucarpata, while its 1925 Constitution began its Presidential Republic period. This modern day country was captured in a campaign led by Pedro de Valdivia; that campaign saw fighting against its native Araucanian or Mapuche Indians. This country's Patria Vieja period of independence was ended at the Disaster of Rancagua. Its independence campaign was led by men like the Carrera Brothers and Bernardo O'Higgins, and the 19th century saw the flourishing of its free port Valparaiso. For 10 points, name this South American country led in the 20th century by Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 328 ], [ 329, 418 ], [ 419, 579 ], [ 580, 693 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, the narrator admires the gambler Hat, and tells of the carpenter Popo who never builds anything useful and the poet B. Wordsworth who is still working on the first line of his epic poem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "V._S._Naipaul", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a35", "qanta_id": 3299, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one of this author's novels, the narrator admires the gambler Hat, and tells of the carpenter Popo who never builds anything useful and the poet B. Wordsworth who is still working on the first line of his epic poem. In addition to Miguel Street, this author wrote about Salim, who opens a shop across from a Big Burger franchise in a country ruled by the Big Man. In another novel, this author wrote about a six fingered journalist who is tricked into marrying into the Tulsi family while working as a sign painter. For 10 points, name this Trinidadian author of A House for Mr. Biswas and A Bend in the River.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 218 ], [ 219, 366 ], [ 367, 518 ], [ 519, 613 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "War of {the Triple Alliance}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Gaston of Orleans was the final commander of the prevailing side in this conflict, which set up Cirilo Antonio Rivarola as interim president of the defeated nation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paraguayan_War", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a40", "qanta_id": 3310, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Gaston of Orleans was the final commander of the prevailing side in this conflict, which set up Cirilo Antonio Rivarola as interim president of the defeated nation. This conflict arose out of an election in which the Colorado Party candidate defeated the Blanco Party candidate with outside help, although it was actually set off when one leader demanded to place troops in the province Corrientes.\u00a0This conflict saw Mato Grosso captured by Francisco Lopez, whose troops went on to a disastrous loss at the Battle of Tuyuti, and eventually lost Asuncion.\u00a0For 10 points, name this bloodiest South American war, in which Paraguay was defeated by Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 398 ], [ 399, 554 ], [ 555, 674 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Charlemagne [or Charles the Great; or Carolus Magnus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man ordered the beheading of 4,500 Saxons in the Massacre of Verden, and he signed the Treaty of Heiligen with Danish King Hemming.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a42", "qanta_id": 3312, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This man ordered the beheading of 4,500 Saxons in the Massacre of Verden, and he signed the Treaty of Heiligen with Danish King Hemming. This ruler deposed Tassilo III of Bavaria, and this man helped Leo III regain his position as Pope after conquering the Lombards. Einhard served as the principle biographer of this ruler, and men such as Alcuin of York brought about his namesake renaissance. The ambush of this ruler's rearguard by Basques at the Battle of Ronceveaux has been immortalized in the Song of Roland. For 10 points, name this son of Pepin the Short who was crowned on Christmas day 800 as Roman Emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 266 ], [ 267, 395 ], [ 396, 516 ], [ 517, 619 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "\u00a0Italy\u00a0[or\u00a0Italian\u00a0Republic; or Repubblica\u00a0Italiana]", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The two most famous films starring Sylva Koscina were produced in this country and kicked off its \"Sword and Sandal\" film craze.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italy", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a44", "qanta_id": 3314, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Pop Culture", "text": "The two most famous films starring Sylva Koscina were produced in this country and kicked off its \"Sword and Sandal\" film craze. Bruno and his father Antonio clasp hands and cry at the end of one movie from this country in which Antonio's family faces the prospect of starvation when a thief runs off with Antonio's bicycle. One director from this country adapted Cortazar's\u00a0The Droolings of the Devil\u00a0into\u00a0Blow Up.\u00a0A Fistful of Dollars\u00a0and\u00a0The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly\u00a0were directed by a director from this country. For 10 points, name this country whose directors established the \"spaghetti western,\" and included Michelangelo Antonioni and Federico Fellini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 324 ], [ 325, 415 ], [ 416, 519 ], [ 520, 663 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "\u00a0capacitor", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Mylar and Kapton are films used in these objects at low frequencies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Capacitor", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a46", "qanta_id": 3316, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Mylar and Kapton are films used in these objects at low frequencies. Their failure in motherboards is called their namesake \"plague\", and the mica types of these objects have the advantage of being highly stable over time and at varying temperatures. For a spherical one of these, its associated quantity is defined as four-pi times the permittivity of free space divided by the difference in the inverses of the sphere's inner and outer radii. That quantity is simply defined as charge over voltage for the parallel plate type of this device. It is often symbolized by two parallel lines in circuits. For 10 points, name these devices with the ability to store charge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 250 ], [ 251, 444 ], [ 445, 543 ], [ 544, 601 ], [ 602, 669 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Eugene\u00a0Ionesco", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The switchboard operator Madelaine argues with her husband about how to get rid of a constantly growing corpse in the next room in this author's play\u00a0Am\u00e9d\u00e9e.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Ionesco", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a49", "qanta_id": 3319, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "The switchboard operator Madelaine argues with her husband about how to get rid of a constantly growing corpse in the next room in this author's play\u00a0Am\u00e9d\u00e9e. The title character lures people to their death by offering to show them \"a picture of the colonel\" in his\u00a0The Killer. The Orator is a deaf mute who is left alone after the Old Man and Old Woman jump out windows in this author's play\u00a0The Chairs.\u00a0This author used the recurring character of Berenger in\u00a0Exit the King\u00a0and a play in which Berenger's girlfriend Daisy and the rest of the world transform into the title horned animals. For 10 points, name this Romanian-French playwright whose absurdist works include\u00a0The Bald Soprano\u00a0and\u00a0Rhinoceros. \u00a0", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 276 ], [ 277, 403 ], [ 404, 588 ], [ 589, 705 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Republic of Hungary", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One composer from this country composed the Peacock Variations and Dances of Galanta, and another composer from this nation composed Atmosph\u00e8res and Lux Aeterna, two pieces included in 2001:", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a4c", "qanta_id": 3322, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "One composer from this country composed the Peacock Variations and Dances of Galanta, and another composer from this nation composed Atmosph\u00e8res and Lux Aeterna, two pieces included in 2001: A Space Odyssey. The former of those composers based an orchestral suite on his opera about a hussar who defeats Napoleon, H\u00e1ry J\u00e1nos. One composer from this country wrote a Concerto for Orchestra and Mikrokosmos, and Brahms composed a set of tunes based on dances from this nation. The primary Romantic composer from this country wrote the Transcendental Etudes and Rhapsodies from here. For 10 points, name this country, home of B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k and Franz Liszt.\u00a0", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 207 ], [ 208, 325 ], [ 326, 473 ], [ 474, 579 ], [ 580, 650 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Zoroastrianism [accept Amesha Spentas before \u201cthis religion\u201d]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "\"Desirable Dominion\" and \"Good Purpose\" are names of two divinities in this religion, whose adherents cross the Chinvat bridge after death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a52", "qanta_id": 3328, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "\"Desirable Dominion\" and \"Good Purpose\" are names of two divinities in this religion, whose adherents cross the Chinvat bridge after death. Members of one sect of this religion bury themselves and are eaten as carrion in \"towers of silence,\" and practitioners of this religion pray in fire temples and revere the Amesha Spentas. The holy book of this religion includes the Vendidad, Yashts, and Yasna, and details the conflict between Ahriman and good. For 10 points, name this religion whose holy book is the Avesta and whose primary god is Ahura Mazda, a religion from Iran.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 328 ], [ 329, 452 ], [ 453, 576 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Nicaragua", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This nation was ruled from 1894 to 1909 by the dictator Jos\u00e9 Santos Zelaya, and its president Adolfo Diaz signed a 1914 treaty with the United States.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nicaragua", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a5a", "qanta_id": 3336, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "This nation was ruled from 1894 to 1909 by the dictator Jos\u00e9 Santos Zelaya, and its president Adolfo Diaz signed a 1914 treaty with the United States. More recent leaders of this nation have included Enrique Bola\u00f1os and Arnoldo Alem\u00e1n, the latter of whom defeated the National Opposition Union of Violeta Chamorro in 1996. This country was a Cold War ally of the US during the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza, who had overseen the assassination of populist leader Augusto C\u00e9sar Sandino, but became a bastion of socialism after its rightist Contras were defeated by the Sandinistas of Daniel Ortega. For 10 points, name this Central American nation with capital at Managua.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 322 ], [ 323, 599 ], [ 600, 673 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edvard Munch", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist's final paintings included garishly-colored works like Model by the Wicker Chair, while his many self-portraits include The Night Wanderer and a woodcut with a skeleton arm running along the bottom.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Munch", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a5d", "qanta_id": 3339, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "This artist's final paintings included garishly-colored works like Model by the Wicker Chair, while his many self-portraits include The Night Wanderer and a woodcut with a skeleton arm running along the bottom. The majority of his paintings, which include numerous depictions of \"vampiric\" women, were intended for inclusion in a series entitled The Frieze of Life. His more famous works include a green-walled depiction of his sister's death from tuberculosis, entitled Death in the Sickroom, as well as a work set along a dock at Ljabrochaussen with a swirling, blood-red sky. For 10 points, name this Norwegian Expressionist painter of The Scream.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 211, 365 ], [ 366, 578 ], [ 579, 650 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "dogs [or hounds; or other synonyms; accept wolf on the first clue]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One animal of this type was given to Procris after she cured Midas's curse, but was turned to stone along with the Teumessian fox by Zeus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a5e", "qanta_id": 3340, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "One animal of this type was given to Procris after she cured Midas's curse, but was turned to stone along with the Teumessian fox by Zeus. Four to six heads of this animal are attached to Scylla's waist, and one of them dies after being the first to see Odysseus on Ithaca. In addition to Laelaps, a two-headed Erytheian type of this animal belonged to Eurytion and protected the red cattle of Geryon. That animal, Orthrus, was the brother of another of these animals that frightens Eurystheus when Hercules brings him out of Hades on a labor. For 10 points, name this animal, examples of which are Sirius and the three-headed Cerberus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 273 ], [ 274, 401 ], [ 402, 543 ], [ 544, 636 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "simple harmonic oscillator [or SHO; prompt on \u201cspring\u201d or \u201cpendulum\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Rodrigues formula and Hermite polynomials figure into the analytic method for finding the wavefunctions of these systems.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Harmonic_oscillator", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a64", "qanta_id": 3346, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The Rodrigues formula and Hermite polynomials figure into the analytic method for finding the wavefunctions of these systems. The allowed energies for these systems can be calculated using the ladder operators. A quantity determining peakedness for energy graphs of these systems is the dimensionless quality factor. Their behavior can be split into transient and steady-state motions when they are subjected to a sinusoidal driving force and a simple damping force, and they exhibit resonance at certain frequencies. For 10 points, name this kind of system whose periodic, sinusoidal motion is described by Hooke's law, examples of which include a mass on a spring and a simple pendulum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 210 ], [ 211, 316 ], [ 317, 517 ], [ 518, 688 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Aida", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The first act of this opera contains the arias \"Quale insolita gioia nel tuo sguardo,\" and \"Vieni, o diletta, appressati!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aida", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a69", "qanta_id": 3351, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "The first act of this opera contains the arias \"Quale insolita gioia nel tuo sguardo,\" and \"Vieni, o diletta, appressati!\" both of which are sung to the male lead, who goes to the temple of Vulcan to take up sacred arms. In one scene of this opera, a character sings \"Ahime! Morir me sento!\" as one character is sent to be buried alive, and two more famous arias from this opera sung by its leads are \"Ritorna Vincitor\" and one praising the title character as heavenly. This opera features Amonasro and the jealous Amneris, who pines for the love interest of the title Ethiopian princess. Radames loves, for 10 points, the protagonist of what Verdi opera?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 220 ], [ 221, 274 ], [ 275, 291 ], [ 292, 469 ], [ 470, 588 ], [ 589, 655 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ambrose Bierce", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author included a short story about a husband and wife team that harvests babies for producing oil in his collection", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ambrose_Bierce", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a6e", "qanta_id": 3356, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author included a short story about a husband and wife team that harvests babies for producing oil in his collection The Parenticide Club. This man wrote about a murderous chess playing robot in \"Moxon's Master. This author wrote of a six year old deaf-mute playfully interacting with retreating soldiers before returning to find his parents and home burned in \"Chickamagua.\" This man also wrote a short story in which a confederate sympathizer imagines an escape from certain death after being hanged from the title structure. For 10 points, name this author who introduced Peyton Farquhar in \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" and wrote The Devil's Dictionary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 143 ], [ 144, 216 ], [ 217, 379 ], [ 379, 532 ], [ 533, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The Golden Bough", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Names of relations and names of the dead are among the \"tabooed words\" discussed in Chapter 22 of this work, and its discussions of the fire-festivals of Europe are inspired by the myth of the Norse god Balder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Golden_Bough", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a72", "qanta_id": 3360, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Names of relations and names of the dead are among the \"tabooed words\" discussed in Chapter 22 of this work, and its discussions of the fire-festivals of Europe are inspired by the myth of the Norse god Balder. It begins by discussing the ritual murder of a priest of Nemi, and argues that the worship and sacrifice of the Sacred King of the Wood is central to most mythologies. It heavily influenced Joseph Campbell's The Hero With a Thousand Faces. For 10 points, identify this work that takes its name from an object used by Aeneas, a \"study in magic and religion\" by James Frazer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 211, 378 ], [ 379, 450 ], [ 451, 584 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ludwig Mies van der Rohe", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "William Priestly aided this man in his plans for the Resor house, and this architect also created what was then Canada's tallest building, the Toronto-Dominion Centre.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507a98", "qanta_id": 3398, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "William Priestly aided this man in his plans for the Resor house, and this architect also created what was then Canada's tallest building, the Toronto-Dominion Centre. His plans to build a home for a Chicago kidney specialist were preceded by the construction of a pavilion consisting of a raised terrace and eight cruciform columns for the Barcelona Exhibition. In addition to the Farnsworth House in Plano, he co-produced a skyscraper on Park Avenue for a distilling company and was the last director of the Bauhaus. For 10 points, name this German architect whose collaboration with Philip Johnson produced the Seagram building, known for the adage that \"less is more.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 362 ], [ 363, 518 ], [ 519, 672 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Baruch de Spinoza", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of Gilles Deleuze's dissertations was on this man's \"expressionism.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baruch_Spinoza", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507aa4", "qanta_id": 3410, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "One of Gilles Deleuze's dissertations was on this man's \"expressionism.\" He distinguished between false and fictitious ideas in his On the Improvement of the Understanding. In his earliest tract, he denied the mind-matter duality of Decartes and held that the existence of free will cannot be accounted for, while in a later work he advocated a historical reading of the Bible and accounted for miracles as moral fables, not natural events. His neutral monism and accused pantheism may have led to this author of Tractatus Theologico-Politicus being \"excommunicatied\" by the Dutch Jewish community. For 10 points, name this writer of Ethics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 172 ], [ 173, 440 ], [ 441, 598 ], [ 599, 641 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Napoleon Bonaparte [accept either]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Horace Vernet painted this figure on his deathbed, while Antoine-Jean Gros's paintings of him include one at Jaffa and one at the Arcole Bridge. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Napoleon", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507aa8", "qanta_id": 3414, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Horace Vernet painted this figure on his deathbed, while Antoine-Jean Gros's paintings of him include one at Jaffa and one at the Arcole Bridge. In one work by his most famous depicter, he stands in his signature pose as his candles burn out at dawn in his study, while in another the names of Charlemagne and Hannibal are carved into a mountain beneath the hooves of his leaping horse. If it were not for a mis-measurement of The Marriage at Cana, the painting of him placing a crown on his wife's head would be the largest at the Louvre, whose central hall bears his name. For 10 points, name this favorite subject of Jacques-Louis David, former Emperor of France.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 146, 390 ], [ 390, 579 ], [ 579, 670 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Charles Ives", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A recent John Adams piece fictionally claims that his father knew this man. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Ives", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507aac", "qanta_id": 3418, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "A recent John Adams piece fictionally claims that his father knew this man. His chamber works include From the Side Hill and The Other Side of Pioneering, while his Second Symphony ends with a chord nicknamed \"the Bronx Cheer.\" Central Park in the Dark was written as a response to the \"cosmic drama\" of a better-known piece dominated by woodwinds seeking \"the invisible answer.\" In addition to The Unanswered Question, he wrote a piano sonata with movements nicknamed for Emerson and Hawthorne, and the Alcotts. For 10 points, name this eclectic American composer of The Concord Sonata and Three Places in New England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 77, 230 ], [ 230, 383 ], [ 383, 517 ], [ 517, 623 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Isis", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Telethusa prays to this goddess to change the gender of her dauthger so that she could marry the maiden Ianthe.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isis", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507abd", "qanta_id": 3435, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Telethusa prays to this goddess to change the gender of her dauthger so that she could marry the maiden Ianthe. By creating a snake from a fellow god's spit and mud, she was able to trick that god into giving her power over life and death. She was magically impregnated with a penis made out of gold and wax because her husband lost his real one when he was chopped into fourteen pieces. Like Hathor, she is sometimes depicted with a cow's head, but is more often pictured with her son, Horus. For 10 points, name this Egyptian goddess, whose name means \"woman of the throne,\" the wife of Osiris.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 264 ], [ 265, 412 ], [ 413, 518 ], [ 519, 621 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Cuchulainn [or C? Chulainn; or C? Chulaind; or Cuchulinn; accept Setanta before read]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one story, he slings a rock at a princess disguised as a swan, but saves her and gives her to his foster-son.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "C\u00fa_Chulainn", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507ae9", "qanta_id": 3479, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "In one story, he slings a rock at a princess disguised as a swan, but saves her and gives her to his foster-son. After that princess is murdered, he kills the women responsible, and other murderous deeds include killing his own son by the warrior woman Aife, and killing a sorcerer who had earlier judged him the winner of Bricriu's challenge after offering his head. This son of Deichtire raided Forgall's castle to get his wife Emer and was originally named Setanta before killing a large dog. In another tale, his father Lugh gives him some aid in defeating the Morrigan and the army of Queen Maeve in \"The Cattle Raid of Cooley.\" For 10 points, name this Irish hero from the Ulster Cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 367 ], [ 368, 495 ], [ 496, 633 ], [ 634, 692 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "esters", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The phenyl type of these compounds can be reacted with a Lewis acid to form a hydroxy aryl ketone via the Fries rearrangement. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ester", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507aea", "qanta_id": 3480, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The phenyl type of these compounds can be reacted with a Lewis acid to form a hydroxy aryl ketone via the Fries rearrangement. They can be made from Pinner salts and water, or in the Favorskii rearrangement by reacting an alpha-halo ketone with an alkoxide. Cyclic beta-keto ones are formed from a molecule with two of its defining functional groups in the Dieckmann cyclization, and the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of their namesake linkages, especially in fat, is known as saponification. For 10 points, name these often fruity smelling compounds formed in a process named for Fisher in which an alkyl group replaces the acidic hydrogen in carboxylic acids.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 128, 258 ], [ 259, 489 ], [ 490, 658 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Hephaestus", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In some myths, Dionysus earned a spot among the Olympians after getting this god drunk and transporting him to Olympus on the back of a mule in order to release Hera from a magic throne.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hephaestus", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507b42", "qanta_id": 3568, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "In some myths, Dionysus earned a spot among the Olympians after getting this god drunk and transporting him to Olympus on the back of a mule in order to release Hera from a magic throne. Erechtheus, a legendary king of Athens, is said to have been produced by this god's abortive attempt at having sex with Athena and sprung from this god's spilt seed. In the Iliad, he is married to Aglaea, one of the Charities, while his better known partner was caught in a net with Ares and hauled before the rest of the Olympians. The parthenogenic son of Hera, identify, for 10 points, this lame husband of Aphrodite, the Greek god of volcanoes, the forge and fire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 186 ], [ 187, 352 ], [ 353, 519 ], [ 520, 655 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Oe Kenzaburo", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of his earliest works, a subway pervert is given a chance at redemption, but decides he would rather be happy as a social pariah than secure in a desk job.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenzabur\u014d_\u014ce", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507b52", "qanta_id": 3584, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one of his earliest works, a subway pervert is given a chance at redemption, but decides he would rather be happy as a social pariah than secure in a desk job. In addition to Homo Sexualis, this author described a character who reminisces about the Happy Days before he and his father were irradiated by a shining gold chrysanthemum in \"The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away.\" He also wrote a novel about the brothers Takashi and Mitsusaburo, and his son Hikari's autism influenced his novel about Bird. For 10 points, identify this Japanese author of Nip the Buds, Shoot the Kids, A Personal Matter, and The Silent Cry.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 347 ], [ 348, 358 ], [ 359, 385 ], [ 386, 512 ], [ 513, 629 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man used pastel paint to write the printing instructions for his lithograph Pinned Hat. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pierre-Auguste_Renoir", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507b5b", "qanta_id": 3593, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "This man used pastel paint to write the printing instructions for his lithograph Pinned Hat. His somber early period is exemplified by his Cabaret of Mother Antony, while Woman Bathing with Griffon was posed for by his mistress, Lise Trehot. Early paintings in the style for which he is best-known include Parisian Woman and The Theater Box. Favorite portrait subjects of his included Jeanne Samary and Mme Charpentier and her children, while Gustave Caillebotte can be seen in a better-known en plein air work. For 10 points, name this impressionist painter of Moulin de la Gallette and The Luncheon of the Boating Party.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 94, 244 ], [ 244, 345 ], [ 345, 516 ], [ 516, 626 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The Tempest", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Dryden's version, the female lead has a sister named Dorinda and a brother named Hippolito who was often played by a woman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tempest", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507b65", "qanta_id": 3603, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In Dryden's version, the female lead has a sister named Dorinda and a brother named Hippolito who was often played by a woman. Twentieth century adaptations of the original play include Minoru Fujita's bunraku version and Percy MacKaye's masque about the antagonist \"by the Yellow Sands.\" Hogarth's \"Scene from\" it features the female lead in the centre with her father and lover both on the left, and Derek Jarman's film version of this play, whose minor characters include the drunk butler Stephano, features Sycorax breastfeeding a fully-grown Caliban. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare play about Miranda and her marooned magician father Prospero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 287 ], [ 287, 555 ], [ 556, 654 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Grignard reagents", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Schlenk equilibrium, which can be affected by the presence of dioxane, describes the stability of these compounds, whose synthesis can be improved by the addition of mercuric chloride amalgamates.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grignard_reaction", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507b87", "qanta_id": 3637, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The Schlenk equilibrium, which can be affected by the presence of dioxane, describes the stability of these compounds, whose synthesis can be improved by the addition of mercuric chloride amalgamates. They react with nitriles to form intermediate imine anions, and dry carbon dioxide can be bubbled through them to create carboxylic acids, which themselves do not form an addition product with these. In what is sometimes called their namesake's reaction, they act as strong nucleophiles to form tertiary or secondary alcohols from ketones or aldehydes. For 10 points, name these compounds formed by reacting an alkyl halide with magnesium, named for a French guy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 400 ], [ 401, 553 ], [ 554, 664 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Malinke Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One early leader of this empire was Mari Djata the first, who conquered the cities of Oualata and Audaghost.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mali_Empire", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507bb6", "qanta_id": 3684, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Ancient", "text": "One early leader of this empire was Mari Djata the first, who conquered the cities of Oualata and Audaghost. Other rulers included Uli, Qu, and Sakura, a freed slave who deposed Khalifa. It exploded after its defeat of the Susu chief Sumanguru at the Battle of Kirina, arising out of the Kangaba state, whose inhabitants had helped transport gold from Ghana. Its first leader was Sundiata, but it reached its apex under a guy who destroyed the price of gold, Mansa Musa. For 10 points, name this West African empire whose name lives on in a large French-speaking country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 186 ], [ 187, 358 ], [ 359, 470 ], [ 471, 571 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Pragmatism", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The author of this work cites a Lessing epigram in which Hanschen Schlau treats wealth as something distinct from a man's being rich, and he also cites the Swami Vivekananda to show the appeal of radical monism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pragmatism", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507bbf", "qanta_id": 3693, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "The author of this work cites a Lessing epigram in which Hanschen Schlau treats wealth as something distinct from a man's being rich, and he also cites the Swami Vivekananda to show the appeal of radical monism. This work praises Locke's definition of spirit as consciousness, as well as another philosopher's analysis of matter as made of sensations, claiming that the latter has \"cash value. \" The author seeks to reconcile \"tender-minded\" and \"tough-minded\" philosophy through the example of a squirrel running around a tree. For 10 points, name this work, subtitled \"A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking, \" written by William James about a namesake philosophy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 211 ], [ 212, 393 ], [ 394, 528 ], [ 529, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "horses [or any reasonable equivalent; some of these are specifically female or male horses but I suggest taking either mares or stallions so as not to be a jerk; accept chariots until the end of the first sentence]", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "St. Hilarion was accused of being a magician after blessing these items in Gaza for a man named Italicus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horse", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507bd5", "qanta_id": 3715, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "St. Hilarion was accused of being a magician after blessing these items in Gaza for a man named Italicus. It is the traditional item depicted on ema, plaques on which Shinto worshippers inscribe wishes or prayers, and Zoroaster converted King Vishtasp and his family by curing a black one. In the Ashvamedra sacrifice, the sacrificer's chief wife simulates copulation with the corpse of this creature. One named Burak accompanied Gabriel to Mount Sinai, and the female protagonist of the Song of Songs is compared to one of these animals belonging to the Pharaoh. For 10 points, name this animal, a pale one of which is ridden by Death.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 289 ], [ 290, 401 ], [ 402, 563 ], [ 564, 636 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "the Maya (Mayans)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "These historical peoples fought a war whose second phase was prompted by the cult of the Talking Cross, and which ended after a skirmish at Dzula.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maya_civilization", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507c1e", "qanta_id": 3788, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "These historical peoples fought a war whose second phase was prompted by the cult of the Talking Cross, and which ended after a skirmish at Dzula. One of their key centers was plunged into a \"dark age\" of warfare after the death of king Stormy Sky, who had a son reportedly named Six Sky. Another of their city-states was led by Chan Bahlum II and Pacal the Great before it fell to another one of their city-states, Kalakmul. They were led by such men as Cecilio Chi during the Caste War, fought over territory that later became the state of Quintana Roo. Several of their cities are characterized by Puuc architecture, as exemplified in structures like the Pyramid of the Magician. FTP, name these Mesoamerican peoples who built the cities of Uxmal and Chich? Itz?in the Yucat?.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 288 ], [ 289, 425 ], [ 426, 555 ], [ 556, 682 ], [ 683, 760 ], [ 761, 779 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Federico Garcia Lorca", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A dialogue between a dead boy and a dead cat takes place in this author's four hour unperformable puppet play", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Federico_Garc\u00eda_Lorca", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507c4e", "qanta_id": 3836, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A dialogue between a dead boy and a dead cat takes place in this author's four hour unperformable puppet play Once Five Years Have Passed, and in a \"puppet farce\" by this man he stands on stage and argues with a puppet called \"the poet.\" The title character walks on stage leading his four children, declares, \"My poor children,\" then kills them with a wooden dagger in his Buster Keaton's Constitutional, while a black cockroach with artistic aspirations is enraptured by the title character in his The Butterfly's Evil Spell. The image of a bleeding horse pervades a lullaby in a better-known work, and the title character's namesake condition leads her to kill her husband Juan in Yerma. For 10 points name this author of Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 236 ], [ 236, 529 ], [ 529, 691 ], [ 692, 771 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Zeeman effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This effect, along with the Doppler effect, is utilized in telescopes such as NARVAL to map the magnetic fields of stars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zeeman_effect", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507c92", "qanta_id": 3904, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This effect, along with the Doppler effect, is utilized in telescopes such as NARVAL to map the magnetic fields of stars. In a Fabry-Perot interferometer, this effect can be used to measure the electron charge-mass ratio. In the weak field case, spin-orbit coupling occurs in conjunction with this, causing the angular momentum and spin to precess around the total angular momentum. In this case, the resulting energy is the product of the Bohr magneton, the Lande g-factor, the external field, and the z-component of the angular momentum. In the strong field, this is also known as the Paschen-Back effect, and its analogue for electric fields is the Stark effect. FTP, name this splitting of spectral lines in a magnetic field.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 221 ], [ 222, 382 ], [ 383, 539 ], [ 540, 665 ], [ 666, 729 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Mayans [or Quiche Mayans]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One figure in this myth system was tricked into carrying a gigantic tree trunk into a hole, after which he turned his captors into the Pleiades.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maya_civilization", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507d1e", "qanta_id": 4044, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "One figure in this myth system was tricked into carrying a gigantic tree trunk into a hole, after which he turned his captors into the Pleiades. That figure was eventually killed by a mountain after being lured in with the promise of giant crab meat. A goddess in this culture was represented with a decomposed body hanging from a tree by a noose and was the patroness of suicide. At one point in the mythology of these people, a god sent a series of birds to break the bones of men, tear off their heads, and peck their eyes out before destroying humanity with a flood. In addition to Hurakan, these people believed in Hun Came, whose challenges at the Bat House to Hunahpu and Xbalanque are told in the Popul Vuh. For 10 points, name this group who worshipped Chac at Chichen Itza.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 250 ], [ 251, 380 ], [ 381, 570 ], [ 571, 715 ], [ 716, 783 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "red blood cells or corpuscles or erthyrocytes", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Inflammation can mediate the formation of stacks of these cells called rouleuax.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Red_blood_cell", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507d64", "qanta_id": 4114, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Inflammation can mediate the formation of stacks of these cells called rouleuax. Systems which classify these cells by surface antigenic response include the Colton, Diego, and Duffy systems, while the sole form of energy production in these cells occurs through fermentation. The object of the direct Coombs' test, overproduction of these cells results in the condition polycythemia vera. Damage to these cells leads to formation of schistocytes, and they are the best known example of cells without nuclei. The site of the location of diseases such as thalasemia, sickle cell disease, and pernicious anemia, FTP, name these cells which contain hemoglobin, the transport cells of oxygen of the body.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 276 ], [ 277, 389 ], [ 390, 508 ], [ 509, 700 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Robert Frost", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet asks in one poem, \"What to make of a diminished thing?\" and the speaker of another poem discusses a \"luminary clock\" that \"proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right\" before asserting that he is \"acquainted with the night.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507d80", "qanta_id": 4142, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This poet asks in one poem, \"What to make of a diminished thing?\" and the speaker of another poem discusses a \"luminary clock\" that \"proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right\" before asserting that he is \"acquainted with the night.\" In addition to \"Oven Bird\" he wrote about a boy who has his hand cut off by a saw in \"Out! Out!,\" while Silas is the title character of one poem, who is eventually found by Warren \"huddled against the barn-door.\" The speaker of another poem says his apples will never disturb his neighbor's pine cones despite the maxim \"good fences make good neighbors.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"Death of the Hired Man\" and \"Mending Wall.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 238 ], [ 239, 329 ], [ 330, 450 ], [ 450, 592 ], [ 592, 671 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "distillation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This method's breakdown is the subject of the DeRosier problem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Distillation", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507d86", "qanta_id": 4148, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This method's breakdown is the subject of the DeRosier problem. The zone of equilibrium in this technique is known as a \"theoretical plate,\" and one type of this process uses a spinning band of Teflon. One setup for using this technique is called the Perkin triangle, which can be used when air-sensitive compounds are subjected to the \"vacuum\" type of this. One technique for performing this can use a Vigreaux column, or the cheaper Liebeg condenser. Many types of this process do not work with deviants from Raoult's Law, or azeotropes. For 10 points, name this method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatilities, which has a \"fractional\" type.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 201 ], [ 202, 358 ], [ 359, 452 ], [ 453, 539 ], [ 540, 663 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Death in Venice [or Der Tod in Venedig]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel created a richly patterned tapestry called Maia, a discourse on the theme of Mind and Art ranked with Schiller's Simple and Sentimental Poetry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_in_Venice", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507da7", "qanta_id": 4181, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "The protagonist of this novel created a richly patterned tapestry called Maia, a discourse on the theme of Mind and Art ranked with Schiller's Simple and Sentimental Poetry. Later, that protagonist drinks a glass of pomegranate juice and soda water while watching musicians perform in the gardens. He remains in the H?el des Bains, even after his bags have returned from being mistakenly sent to Como, and he follows a governess around the title locale before watching his love suffer injury from Jaschiu. The protagonist becomes enraptured with the Polish boy Tadzio. For 10 points, name this novel about Gustave von Aschenbach's demise in Italy, by Thomas Mann.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 297 ], [ 298, 505 ], [ 506, 570 ], [ 570, 664 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Nathaniel Hawthorne", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote about an artist hired to paint a marriage portrait, who realizes that Walter Ludlow will attack Elinor in \"The Prophetic Pictures.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nathaniel_Hawthorne", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507db4", "qanta_id": 4194, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "He wrote about an artist hired to paint a marriage portrait, who realizes that Walter Ludlow will attack Elinor in \"The Prophetic Pictures.\" In one of his stories, Annie Hovenden's child crushes the mechanical butterfly created by Owen Warland, and in another Mr. Medbourne, Mr. Gascoigne, and widow Wycherly temporarily regain their youth. Along with \"The Artist of the Beautiful\" and \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment,\" he told of Elizabeth, who breaks her engagement to Parson Hooper because he wears a shroud. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Minister's Black Veil,\" who wrote about a man who sees his wife Faith meet the Devil in \"Young Goodman Brown.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 340 ], [ 341, 507 ], [ 508, 658 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Dorian Gray [prompt on partial name]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He attends a hunting party which ends early when Geoffrey Clouston accidentally shoots James, a sailor who was stalking this man after he heard a prostitute refer to him as \"Prince Charming.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507db8", "qanta_id": 4198, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "He attends a hunting party which ends early when Geoffrey Clouston accidentally shoots James, a sailor who was stalking this man after he heard a prostitute refer to him as \"Prince Charming.\" His mother Margaret of Devereux dies of grief after his grandfather Lord Kelso has his father murdered in a duel, and he blackmails the chemist Alan Campbell to help dispose of a body, and his philosophy is shaped by a \"yellow book\" given to him by Lord Wotton. For 10 points, name this character, who forsakes the actress Sibyl Vane after being a model for painter Basil Hallward in a novel by Oscar Wilde, and has a namesake \"picture\" that ages in his place.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 453 ], [ 454, 652 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Moses [accept Moyses, Moshe, Musa, or some other things]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one story, he made the bitter waters at Marah sweet by throwing in a tree that God showed to him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moses", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507dbd", "qanta_id": 4203, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "In one story, he made the bitter waters at Marah sweet by throwing in a tree that God showed to him. During one battle, the Amalekites were vulnerable as long as his hands remained in the air, prompting two other men to hold up his arms until the sun went down. At the request of God, he once cast his staff to the ground, causing it to become a snake, a feat later replicated by his older brother. The younger son of Amram and Jochebed and the brother of Miriam, he brought a variety of plagues on the land of Egypt to convince the pharaoh to release the Israelites. For 10 points, name this brother of Aaron who received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 261 ], [ 262, 398 ], [ 399, 567 ], [ 568, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Heimdallr", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Ellis Davidson proposed that this character was in league with the Vanir because he also \"knew the future well.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heimdallr", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507dd8", "qanta_id": 4230, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "Ellis Davidson proposed that this character was in league with the Vanir because he also \"knew the future well.\" A Norse kenning for \"head\" is \"sword of [this man],\" and a kenning for \"sword\" is \"head of [this man].\" His own sword was Hofund, and he has three nicknames that mean \"Bent Stick,\" \"Wind Shelter,\" and \"Golden-Toothed.\" The nine daughters of Aegir may have been the nine mothers of this character, who fathered the progenitors of mankind and allegedly could hear grass grow. For 10 points, name this \"white god,\" a member of the Aesir who will sound the Gjallerhorn at Ragnarok, and who guards the Bifrost bridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 114, 219 ], [ 219, 335 ], [ 335, 491 ], [ 491, 629 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "antibodies [or immunoglobulins]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A beta-sheet sandwich structure is common to all types of these whose Fab and Fc regions can be separated by papain based on their crystallizability.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antibody", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507def", "qanta_id": 4253, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "A beta-sheet sandwich structure is common to all types of these whose Fab and Fc regions can be separated by papain based on their crystallizability. Their effector functions are increased through CSR, while somatic hypermutation occurs in their variable regions and renders a higher affinity for binding sites. They are used in the ELISA process, and Kohler and Milstein got the Nobel in Medicine for producing the monoclonal varieties of these. They can easily change isotypes, of which humans have five, and they attach to epitope of their targets by induced fit. For 10 points, name these y- shaped proteins produced by B Cells, that target and attack foreign antigens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 311 ], [ 312, 446 ], [ 447, 566 ], [ 567, 673 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Herman Hesse", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one his stories a man eats a bewitched pellet that he stole from a museum, which allows him to understand animals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507df1", "qanta_id": 4255, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one his stories a man eats a bewitched pellet that he stole from a museum, which allows him to understand animals. He wrote about Hans Giebenrath, who mysteriously drowns after he is sent home from the Maulbronn seminary in Beneath the Wheel, and in another work Pistorius Pistorius introduces the occult god Abraxas to Emil Sinclair, who later goes to live with Max Demian. The protagonist of another novel is taught to dance by Hermine and is induced by the saxophonist Pablo to enter the Magic Theater. For 10 points, name this man, who wrote about Harry Haller in Steppenwolf, and also penned Siddhartha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 377 ], [ 378, 508 ], [ 509, 611 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "determinant [prompt on det]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The volume of a simplex in n dimensions can be given by the Cayley-Menger type of this function, and this function can be generalized to non-square entities using the Cauchy Binet formula.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Determinant", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507e0a", "qanta_id": 4280, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "The volume of a simplex in n dimensions can be given by the Cayley-Menger type of this function, and this function can be generalized to non-square entities using the Cauchy Binet formula. The linear independence of a set of solutions to a differential equation is given by a nonzero value for the Wronskian type of this, and changing variables when integrating a function over its domain involves the use of the Jacobian type of this function. One of these for a two-by-two matrix is used in Cramer's rule to find the solution to a system of two equations. For 10 points, name this scalar function of a square matrix, denoted by single or double bars around a matrix.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 188 ], [ 189, 444 ], [ 445, 557 ], [ 558, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "diffusion", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A formula developed for one type of this process scales the inverse of the magnetic field intensity, and was observed when its namesake was using a magnetic arc to separate uranium isotopes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507e0c", "qanta_id": 4282, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "A formula developed for one type of this process scales the inverse of the magnetic field intensity, and was observed when its namesake was using a magnetic arc to separate uranium isotopes. Another form of this process is explained by the Ludwig-Soret effect, which results in a temperature gradient parallel to the concentration gradient. A set of equations, which relate flux to the gradient of concentration also governs this process, and its rate is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass according to Graham's Law. For 10 points, identify this process, wherein particles move from regions of high concentrations to areas of lower concentrations.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 340 ], [ 341, 541 ], [ 542, 672 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "ethers", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A quantitative test for them involves the addition of alcoholic silver nitrate solution, which follows the Zeisel test where they are cleaved using strong acids.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507e3a", "qanta_id": 4328, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "A quantitative test for them involves the addition of alcoholic silver nitrate solution, which follows the Zeisel test where they are cleaved using strong acids. Anisole and THF are compounds with this functional group, and a special type of these can be produced by reacting alkenes with peroxy acids. They can be produced by reacting an alkyl halide with an alcoxide produced from an alcohol in the Williamson synthesis, and the Crown varieties are used as solvents for Grignard reagents. For 10 points, identify this functional group, where two carbon molecules are single bonded to an oxygen molecule, whose diethyl variety was once used as an anesthetic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 302 ], [ 303, 490 ], [ 491, 659 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Augustus [or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus; accept Gaius Octavius Thurinus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man set up a new military treasury to pay veteran bonuses, and he exiled Lucius Antonius after a protracted siege of Perusia. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Augustus", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507e5e", "qanta_id": 4364, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Ancient", "text": "This man set up a new military treasury to pay veteran bonuses, and he exiled Lucius Antonius after a protracted siege of Perusia. He led the Mutina campaign, and established the urban cohorts to check the Praetorian Guard. This man married Scribonia in an attempt to prevent future conflict with Sextus Pompeius, and a temple in Ankara contains his own account of his deeds, the Res Gestae. At times it was unclear whether he would be succeeded by his nephew Marcellus or by his friend and military commander Marcus Agrippa, and he was victorious at Philippi, defeating Brutus and Cassius and avenging his adoptive father. For 10 points, name this first Roman Emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 132, 226 ], [ 226, 395 ], [ 395, 628 ], [ 628, 673 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Poland [accept Poland-Lithuania]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this nation as well as Hungary had his head cut off as the result of an ill-conceived cavalry charge against the Janissary forces of Murad II at the Battle of Varna, while another ruler of it defeated Ulrich von Jungingen with the help of Vytautus the Great, stomping the Teutonic Knights at Tannenberg. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poland", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507e7b", "qanta_id": 4393, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One ruler of this nation as well as Hungary had his head cut off as the result of an ill-conceived cavalry charge against the Janissary forces of Murad II at the Battle of Varna, while another ruler of it defeated Ulrich von Jungingen with the help of Vytautus the Great, stomping the Teutonic Knights at Tannenberg. The Union of Lublin was signed at the instigation of another of its rulers, Sigismund II, as formal recognition of its union with Lithuania. Kara Mustafa's attempts to take Vienna were thwarted by another ruler of this nation, Jan III Sobieski. For 10 points, name this nation which was ruled by the Jagiellon dynasty and got partitioned a lot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 318 ], [ 318, 460 ], [ 460, 565 ], [ 565, 664 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Victor Hugo", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He asserts \"deep waves, what dreadful tales you could recite\" in his poem \"Oceano Nox,\" found in the collection Sunlight and Shadows.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Victor_Hugo", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507e7c", "qanta_id": 4394, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "He asserts \"deep waves, what dreadful tales you could recite\" in his poem \"Oceano Nox,\" found in the collection Sunlight and Shadows. The \"Comprachicos\" deform Gwynplaine's face, giving him a permanent smirk in The Man Who Laughs, and he wrote about the bandit who serves Ruy Gomez in Hernani. Deruchette will marry anyone who saves the Durande from a dangerous reef in a novel about the fisherman Gilliatt. In addition to The Toilers of the Sea, one of his protagonists is imprisoned for stealing a loaf of bread, takes care of Cosette, and is tracked by Inspector Javert. For 10 points, name this man who created Jean Valjean in Les Miserables.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 293 ], [ 294, 407 ], [ 408, 573 ], [ 574, 646 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "dogs", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Veronese changed the title of his Last Supper to Feast in the House of Levi after he was told to replace one of these with Mary Magdalene.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507e9a", "qanta_id": 4424, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "Veronese changed the title of his Last Supper to Feast in the House of Levi after he was told to replace one of these with Mary Magdalene. Two flowers, two pens, and some sheet music lay by another one of these at the bottom left of the portrait of Madame de Pompadour by Francois Boucher. The periodic motion of a woman's feet and one of these can be found in a painting by Giacomo Balla titled the Dynamism of one of these, and another one of this animal is curled up at the foot of the bed as a woman rummages through a chest in the background in Titian's Venus of Urbino. For 10 points, a series of sixteen paintings by C. M. Coolidge depicts what animals playing poker?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 289 ], [ 290, 575 ], [ 576, 674 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Choke Mountains are an important bird-watching area in this country, as is Lake Chew Bahir, which is located near its southern border.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethiopia", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507ea9", "qanta_id": 4439, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "The Choke Mountains are an important bird-watching area in this country, as is Lake Chew Bahir, which is located near its southern border. The Danakil desert is shared by this country and its northern neighbor and is home to the Afar people. Gonder is among its larger cities and is home to castles constructed by Iyasu II, and its city of Adama was once called Nazareth. This country's Lake Tana is the source of the Blue Nile, and it is involved in the dispute over the Ogaden region with its eastern neighbor Somalia. For 10 points, name this nation which neighbors Sudan and has capital Addis Ababa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 241 ], [ 242, 371 ], [ 372, 520 ], [ 521, 603 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Sergei Prokofiev", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of his works contains the movement \"The Evil God and the Dance of Pagan Monsters\" and a section depicting the sun god Ala.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507ead", "qanta_id": 4443, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One of his works contains the movement \"The Evil God and the Dance of Pagan Monsters\" and a section depicting the sun god Ala. He evoked the 18th century with a down-bow on the strings and D-minor triad arpeggio at the start of a symphony created \"as Haydn might have written it.\" This composer of the Scythian Suite and Classical Symphony wrote a troika in a work about the advisors of Emperor Paul, who create a fake military hero. This creator of the Lieutenant Kije Suite wrote a work in which the clarinet plays the cat and the bassoon represents the Grandfather. For 10 points, name this composer of the ballet Romeo and Juliet and Peter and the Wolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 280 ], [ 281, 433 ], [ 434, 568 ], [ 569, 657 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The Tin Drum [or Die Blechtrommel]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this novel, Lankes takes a coin from his left pocket and puts it in his right whenever he borrows a cigarette, and an attendant at the Maritime Museum commits suicide by impaling himself on the mast of the \"Niobe\" after falling in love with its wooden figurehead. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507eb1", "qanta_id": 4447, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this novel, Lankes takes a coin from his left pocket and puts it in his right whenever he borrows a cigarette, and an attendant at the Maritime Museum commits suicide by impaling himself on the mast of the \"Niobe\" after falling in love with its wooden figurehead. Vittlar's testimony inadvertently implicates the protagonist in a murder after he finds the severed ring finger of Sister Dorothea. The protagonist of this novel plays in \"The Onion Cellar\" with Klepp and Scholle in a troupe of dwarves, can shatter glass with his scream, and refuses to grow after age three. For 10 points, name this novel in which Oskar Matzerath refuses to give up the title instrument, by Gunter Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 268 ], [ 268, 399 ], [ 400, 576 ], [ 577, 690 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Tartuffe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this play the gossiping neighbor Daphne is excoriated by Madame Pernelle, and later the maid Dorine is criticized by the righteous Laurent for concealing a handkerchief in between the pages of her Bible.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tartuffe", "proto_id": "5476990fea23cca905507eda", "qanta_id": 4488, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this play the gossiping neighbor Daphne is excoriated by Madame Pernelle, and later the maid Dorine is criticized by the righteous Laurent for concealing a handkerchief in between the pages of her Bible. A casket containing secrets owned by the political exile Argas is exploited for blackmail by the title character, who earlier uses his influence to disinherit Damis and break Valere's engagement to Marianne. The title character is eventually banished from house after his unsuccessful seduction of Elmire is witnessed by Orgon. For 10 points, name this play about the titular hypocrite, written by Moliere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 414 ], [ 415, 534 ], [ 535, 613 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Carlos Fuentes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this man's most recent work, periodic \"choruses\" are interspersed between stories concerning a rancher who wants his four sons to be priests, and the rebellious son of the president.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carlos_Fuentes", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905507f61", "qanta_id": 4623, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In this man's most recent work, periodic \"choruses\" are interspersed between stories concerning a rancher who wants his four sons to be priests, and the rebellious son of the president. A Knight from Don Quixote and the glass found in Olmec tombs serve as repeated metaphors of the title concept in his The Buried Mirror. The myths of his country serve as material for historical analysis in the novel A Change of Skin, and his chief work of literary criticism is The New Hispano-American Novel. Philip II's construction of the Escorial is one of the settings in his Terra Nostra, while an avatar of the Aztec God of war is the narrator of Where the Air is Clear. For ten points, identify this Mexican novelist of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 321 ], [ 322, 495 ], [ 496, 663 ], [ 664, 759 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Clifford James Geertz", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man discusses \"essentialism and epochalism\" and the \"four phases of nationalism\" in his somewhat uncharacteristic essay entitled \"After the Revolution.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Clifford_Geertz", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905507f66", "qanta_id": 4628, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Anthropology", "text": "This man discusses \"essentialism and epochalism\" and the \"four phases of nationalism\" in his somewhat uncharacteristic essay entitled \"After the Revolution.\" His satirically-titled lecture \"Anti-Anti-Relativism\" paradoxically concludes that provincialism is a greater danger than relativism. More substantial works of his include the rather recent Available Light and a comparative study Islam Observed. He discusses the swidden and sabah procedures in Agricultural Involution, but is most famous for a work with chapters on \"The Politics of Meaning\" and \"Deep Play,\" in which he presents notes on a Balinese cockfight with \"thick description.\" FTP, name this American anthropologist best known for The Interpretation of Cultures.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 291 ], [ 292, 403 ], [ 404, 643 ], [ 643, 730 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{amine} (accept {amino} group)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This functional group is the product of the Petasis reaction, which combines a carbonyl compound with one of these to create a more complicated one.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Amine", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905507f81", "qanta_id": 4655, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This functional group is the product of the Petasis reaction, which combines a carbonyl compound with one of these to create a more complicated one. The Kabachnik-Fields reaction combines one of these with a carbonyl and a hydro-phosphoryl in a reaction that is often the first step in creating peptidomimetic compounds. The Mannich reaction creates a secondary or tertiary one, while the product of the Strecker synthesis includes one of these and a carboxylic acid. Often created by the reaction of an imine and sodium cyano-borohydride, this is, FTP, what functional group that consists of three hydrogen or carbon atoms singly bonded to one nitrogen atom?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 320 ], [ 321, 469 ], [ 469, 660 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Wystan Hugh Auden", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This writer classified clay and gravel plains and granite wastes as immoderate soils in his classic \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "W._H._Auden", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905507f97", "qanta_id": 4677, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This writer classified clay and gravel plains and granite wastes as immoderate soils in his classic \"In Praise of Limestone.\" In one poem he states of the title character, \"The day of his death was a dark cold day,\" and proclaims, \"Let the Irish vessel lie / emptied of its poetry.\" He repudiated another poem in part because he found the line \"We must love one another or die\" over-obvious. In addition to \"In Memory of W. B. Yeats\" and \"September 1, 1939\" he wrote a poem in which he notes that the \"expensive delicate ship...Had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on\" even after seeing \"Something amazing, a boy falling out of the sky.\" FTP name this poet who considered Brueghel's Icarus in his \"Mus? des Beaux Arts.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 101, 127 ], [ 127, 285 ], [ 285, 395 ], [ 395, 647 ], [ 647, 711 ], [ 712, 728 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "dragons", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The god Atar was created to defeat one of these. Another one residing under Wawel Hill in Krakow was tricked with a fake lamb stuffed with sulfur, and died after drinking half the Vistula River. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dragon", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905507fa0", "qanta_id": 4686, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "The god Atar was created to defeat one of these. Another one residing under Wawel Hill in Krakow was tricked with a fake lamb stuffed with sulfur, and died after drinking half the Vistula River. In Norway and Sweden they were referred to as orm or ormr. An ever-watchful one guarded a special tree tended by some daughters of Atlas, and one of these creatures almost killed Wiglaf, who refused to abandon Beowulf. In addition to Azhi Dahaka and Ladon, another of these creatures was named Fafnir. FTP, name this type of creature whose name forms part of the title of Uther.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 197, 257 ], [ 257, 418 ], [ 418, 502 ], [ 502, 578 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Henry's Law", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the limit of low pressure and coverage, this relation can be derived from Hirasaki's model.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry's_law", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905507fbe", "qanta_id": 4716, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "In the limit of low pressure and coverage, this relation can be derived from Hirasaki's model. Solid-phase microextraction techniques have been used to determine its constants, two of which are dimensionless, and the rest of which must be converted between units, while their reciprocal is the water partition coefficient. Its application to the solvent is a special case which falls under Raoult's Law, and it assumes dilute ideal solutions. Most simply stated as P equals KC, it holds that the concentration of a solute gas in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the solution. The cause of decompression sickness, FTP, give this gas law named for an English chemist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 322 ], [ 323, 442 ], [ 443, 620 ], [ 621, 710 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Trees (do not accept or prompt on binary tree)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of these which performs an important action only when writing data to disk is used in the Reiser4 file system and is known as a dancing one.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tree", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905507fc3", "qanta_id": 4721, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "One of these which performs an important action only when writing data to disk is used in the Reiser4 file system and is known as a dancing one. The Day-Stout-Warren algorithm runs in linear time when operating on these objects, of which the radix variety is used to store sets of strings. The tasks of spatial searching and the storage of database information usually use the R and B varieties respectively, while types known as scapegoat, splay, red-black, and AVL are all self-balancing and binary. For ten points, identify these directed acyclic graphs, a type of data structure which consists of nodes that each have one parent and possibly many children.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 289 ], [ 290, 501 ], [ 502, 660 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Bertholdt Brecht", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, a barber who had offered to set up a shelter for the homeless breaks the hand of a water-seller and competes for a woman who disguises herself as her own cousin in order deal with Shu Fu and Yang Sun. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertolt_Brecht", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905507fe6", "qanta_id": 4756, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one of this man's works, a barber who had offered to set up a shelter for the homeless breaks the hand of a water-seller and competes for a woman who disguises herself as her own cousin in order deal with Shu Fu and Yang Sun. In a work based on the thirteenth century work Hui Lan Ji, the judge Azdak rules that Grusha or Natalla will get custody of Michael based on which of them can pull the child out of the titular diagram. Another work sees the deaths of Katrin, Eilif and Swiss Cheese, who are survived by the other title character, Anna Fierling. FTP name this German playwright of The Good Woman of Setzuan, The Caucasian Chalk Circle, and Mother Courage and Her Children.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 230 ], [ 230, 433 ], [ 433, 560 ], [ 560, 686 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Rigoletto", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work woos Giovanna's charge while disguised as the poor student Walter Mald? ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rigoletto", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508032", "qanta_id": 4832, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One character in this work woos Giovanna's charge while disguised as the poor student Walter Mald? That same character seduces the Countess Ceprano after summarizing his womanizing philosophy in the aria \"Questa o quella.\" The title character is tricked into helping break into his own house, where Borsa, Marullo and their companions succeed in carrying off the title character's daughter to the Duke of Mantua. Monterone's curse on the title character is fulfilled when his daughter Gilda sacrifices herself to Sparafucile's knife. Featuring the aria \"La donna ?mobile,\" FTP name this Verdi opera about the titular hunchbacked jester.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 100, 225 ], [ 225, 416 ], [ 416, 538 ], [ 538, 640 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Charlemagne [or Carolus Magnus or Charles the Great; prompt on \"Charles\" or \"Carolus\"]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of his campaigns was conducted against Grimoald III, duke of Benevento, who had formerly been his hostage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508052", "qanta_id": 4864, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One of his campaigns was conducted against Grimoald III, duke of Benevento, who had formerly been his hostage. In his namesake Libri, theologians attacked the Second Council of Nicaea, before he himself convened the Synod of Frankfurt, which overruled that ecumenical council. In his \"cold war\" with the Byzantines, he advanced his own candidate to succeed Hadrian I, Pope Leo III. Defeat at Zaragoza forced his troops to retreat to Roncevaux Pass in the Pyrenees, a site famous for the poem it inspired, The Song of Roland. His biographer Einhard served as secretary for his son and successor, Louis the Pious. FTP, name this king of the Franks, whom Leo crowned Holy Roman Emperor on December 25, 800.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 276 ], [ 277, 381 ], [ 382, 524 ], [ 525, 611 ], [ 612, 703 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Waiting for Godot [or En Attendant Godot]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A character in this work sings of a cook who beats a dog to death with a ladle for stealing a breadcrust, and that character stinks of garlic, which he eats for the health of his kidneys.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Waiting_for_Godot", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508061", "qanta_id": 4879, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A character in this work sings of a cook who beats a dog to death with a ladle for stealing a breadcrust, and that character stinks of garlic, which he eats for the health of his kidneys. One character provides another some chicken bones to gnaw on and a boy in this work tends to the title character's goats and acts as his messenger. This work mentions a \"personal god\" uttered forth by \"Puncher and Wattmann\" during a nonsensical monologue that results when Pozzo's servant Lucky is instructed to \"think.\" FTP, name this \"tragicomedy in two acts\" in which Vladimir and Estragon linger in hopes of seeing the title character, an absurdist play by Samuel Beckett.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 335 ], [ 336, 507 ], [ 507, 664 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "The {Garden of Earthly Delights}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "On this work's left, a cat carries a mouse in its mouth and a flock of birds extends from its upper left corner loop through a towering cave-like structure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508063", "qanta_id": 4881, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "On this work's left, a cat carries a mouse in its mouth and a flock of birds extends from its upper left corner loop through a towering cave-like structure. Its center features numerous berry trees and for a time it was known as \"The Picture with the Strawberry-Tree Fruits.\" Songbirds on the left look on as horses and cats are ridden in a circle around a central pool. Members of both sexes bathe communally in two pools in the center and left of this work's central panel and the left and right panels of this work depict the Garden of Eden and Hell. FTP, name this 1504 triptych by Hieronymus Bosch that depicts the worldly sinful pleasures of human life.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 274 ], [ 274, 370 ], [ 371, 553 ], [ 554, 659 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Mao Zedong", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This person's desire to eliminate certain influences led to the so-called Rectification Campaign, which was led by his supporter, Kang.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mao_Zedong", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508067", "qanta_id": 4885, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This person's desire to eliminate certain influences led to the so-called Rectification Campaign, which was led by his supporter, Kang. Ascending to power at Zunyi, this leader briefly united with a notable foe after the latter was captured in the Sian incident. He first promulgated, then repudiated the Hundred Flowers Movement and Cultural Revolution after he led the People's Liberation Army on the Long March. His thoughts are collected in the so-called Little Red Book. FTP, name this leader of the Communist revolution and, from 1949 to 1959, the head of China.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 262 ], [ 263, 414 ], [ 415, 475 ], [ 476, 568 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "D. H. Lawrence", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about Schoner strangling his captain in the short story \"The Prussian Officer\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "D._H._Lawrence", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550806e", "qanta_id": 4892, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote about Schoner strangling his captain in the short story \"The Prussian Officer\". His longer works include one about Kate Leslie's encounter with Don Cipriano during the Mexican Revolution, as well as one about the title character's trip to Italy before his flute explodes via an anarchist's bomb. This author of The Plumed Serpent and Aaron's Rod may be better remembered for writing novels about Paul Morel's relationship with Miriam Leivers and Clara Dawes, and about about Constance's affair with the Wragby estate gamekeeper, Oliver Mellors. FTP, name this British author of Sons and Lovers and Lady Chatterley's Lover.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 313 ], [ 314, 562 ], [ 563, 640 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Antonin Dvorak", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer's Dumky Trio and String Sextet are among his best chamber works, while larger-scale works include Symphonic Variations and a Serenade for Strings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton\u00edn_Dvo\u0159\u00e1k", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508087", "qanta_id": 4917, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer's Dumky Trio and String Sextet are among his best chamber works, while larger-scale works include Symphonic Variations and a Serenade for Strings. His choral works were very popular in England, especially his Te Deum and Stabat Mater, though his operatic success is limited today to Rusalka. A close friend of Brahms, he blended native folk tunes into works like Moravian Duets and Slavonic Dances, though his most famous works were written in New York and Iowa. Also notable for his B minor Cello Concerto, FTP, name this Czech composer of the \"American\" quartet who was influenced by spirituals in writing his 9th symphony, \"From the New World\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 307 ], [ 307, 477 ], [ 478, 662 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Things Fall Apart", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel tells a story about why the tortoise's shell is not smooth to her daughter, after which Chielo reveals that the latter must be taken to Agbala, the Oracle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Things_Fall_Apart", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550808b", "qanta_id": 4921, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One character in this novel tells a story about why the tortoise's shell is not smooth to her daughter, after which Chielo reveals that the latter must be taken to Agbala, the Oracle. During the Week of Peace, the protagonist breaks the Peace of Ani by beating his youngest wife, and later on, despite the advice of an elder, the protagonist takes part in the murder of Ikemefuna. The protagonist finds that the church in Umuofia has gained strength after he returns from a seven-year exile for the accidental murder of Ezeudu's son, and later leads an unsuccessful revolt against the colonial leaders. As a result, Okonkwo commits suicide at the end of, FTP, what novel by Chinua Achebe?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 184, 380 ], [ 381, 602 ], [ 603, 688 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Crimean War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The treaty concluding it included the Hatti-Humayun charter, which completed the Tanzimat reforms.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Crimean_War", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508095", "qanta_id": 4931, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The treaty concluding it included the Hatti-Humayun charter, which completed the Tanzimat reforms. It was precipitated when one side demanded recognition of its rights by way of the Treaty of K?ch?k Kainarji, pressed by Prince Menshikov. Defeat at Rutchuk and the breaking of the siege of Silistria coupled with threats of Austrian action alone the Danube led to a Russian withdrawal from that theater. The \"massacre of Sinope\" encouraged British and French intervention, but better known is the 11-month siege of Sebastopol. Best known for the Battle of Balaklava, memorialized in Lord Tennyson's \"Charge of the Light Brigade\", this is, FTP, what 1853-56 war, named for a Ukrainian peninsula in the Black Sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 237 ], [ 238, 402 ], [ 403, 525 ], [ 526, 710 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "One Hundred Years of Solitude [accept Cien Anos de Soledad]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work sends a letter from Leopoldville, asking his unfaithful wife to send him his velocipede.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550809d", "qanta_id": 4939, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One character in this work sends a letter from Leopoldville, asking his unfaithful wife to send him his velocipede. He travels there to recover a mis-shipped airplane, which he wanted to use to start an airmail business, having arrived after marrying his wife in Europe. Before he arrives, Fernanda del Carpio dies of nostalgia, while one of the seventeen half-brothers with the same name works in Melquiades's laboratory. Another character of that name sleeps with Amaranta ?sula, producing a pig-tailed son. That child of Aureliano's brings an end to the Buendia line in Macondo at the end of, FTP, which novel written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 270 ], [ 271, 422 ], [ 423, 476 ], [ 476, 509 ], [ 510, 647 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Lysosomes", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Defects in mannose phosphorylation lead to their failure and I-cell disease, characterized by inclusion bodies similar to those seen in Tay-Sachs disease.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lysosome", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055080b0", "qanta_id": 4958, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Defects in mannose phosphorylation lead to their failure and I-cell disease, characterized by inclusion bodies similar to those seen in Tay-Sachs disease. In excess, Vitamin A can induce hepatotoxicity by weakening the membrane of these organelles in the liver. This break in their membrane releases hydrolytic enzymes, which cause the death of the cell. FTP, name these organelles active during apoptosis, which act as the digestive system of the cell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 261 ], [ 262, 354 ], [ 355, 453 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Wuthering Heights", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of the narrators is scolded for interrupting a reading lesson with the song \"Fairy Annie's Wedding,\" while the other narrator takes a trip to the chapel of Gimmerden Sough to hear a sermon by Jabez Branderham in a dream.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wuthering_Heights", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055080cc", "qanta_id": 4986, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One of the narrators is scolded for interrupting a reading lesson with the song \"Fairy Annie's Wedding,\" while the other narrator takes a trip to the chapel of Gimmerden Sough to hear a sermon by Jabez Branderham in a dream. After her tiny dog is hung on a doorpost, Isabella leaves for London, giving birth there to a son, Linton, by a man who eventually dies after starving himself for four days. That man had been brought to the title location from Liverpool, immediately becoming Hindley's enemy. Narrated by Mr. Lockwood and the housekeeper at Thrushcross Grange, Nelly Dean, this is, FTP, what novel about the love between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff by Emily Bronte?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 224 ], [ 225, 398 ], [ 399, 500 ], [ 501, 679 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "George Frideric Handel", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's early operatic career was largely supported by the theater manager J.J. Heidegger, who gave way to John Rich after the close of his opera Oreste.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055080d8", "qanta_id": 4998, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This man's early operatic career was largely supported by the theater manager J.J. Heidegger, who gave way to John Rich after the close of his opera Oreste. Forest Music is among the sonatas by H. Casadesus incorrectly ascribed to this man, whose operas include one based on Torquato Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered, Rinaldo, and others about classical figures like Agrippina, Tamerlane, and Artaxerxes. The aria \"See, the conqu'ring hero comes\" comes from his Judas Maccabeus, though better-known is an orchestral work featuring the aria \"Hornpipe.\" FTP name this composer, best-known for his Water Music and the \"Hallelujah Chorus\" of his oratorio Messiah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 399 ], [ 400, 548 ], [ 548, 655 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "neutrinos [prompt on nus]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Experimental evidence for these objects was first obtained by Project Spectre at Savannah River by Cowan and Reines.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutrino", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055080e8", "qanta_id": 5014, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Experimental evidence for these objects was first obtained by Project Spectre at Savannah River by Cowan and Reines. Proposed because two-body collisions cannot in general conserve both momentum and kinetic energy, one type of these also conserves lepton number in beta decay. Postulated by Pauli in 1930 and named by Fermi, these elementary particles were initially thought to be massless, but this was undermined experimentally in the 1990's, with evidence of oscillation among their flavors. FTP, name these uncharged leptons denoted nu, many of which are emitted by the sun, but very few of which react with matter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 276 ], [ 277, 494 ], [ 495, 619 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Gerard Manley Hopkins", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He asked his eyes to be shelled \"with double dark\" to \"find the uncreated light\" in \"The Habit of Perfection.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gerard_Manley_Hopkins", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508103", "qanta_id": 5041, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "He asked his eyes to be shelled \"with double dark\" to \"find the uncreated light\" in \"The Habit of Perfection.\" His reading of Duns Scotus inspired his concept of a unifying \"inscape,\" and his \"terrible sonnets\" include \"No Worst, There is None\" and \"Carrion Comfort\". This author of \"As Kingfishers Catch Fire\" wrote \"Generations have trod, have trod, have trod\" in a poem comparing the title concept to \"shook foil\" and \"the ooze of oil / crushed,\" \"God's Grandeur.\" He wrote about a \"dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon\" in \"The Windhover,\" which features his characteristic sprung rhythm. FTP, name this nineteenth-century British poet and Jesuit priest of \"The Wreck of the Deutschland\" who wrote \"Glory be to God for dappled things\" in \"Pied Beauty.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 267 ], [ 268, 467 ], [ 468, 580 ], [ 581, 744 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "nitrogen", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The total mass of the biologically active form of this element has doubled since the beginning of the 20th century and an overabundance of it has been shown to reduce biodiversity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nitrogen", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508107", "qanta_id": 5045, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The total mass of the biologically active form of this element has doubled since the beginning of the 20th century and an overabundance of it has been shown to reduce biodiversity. One of its oxides is an extremely effective greenhouse gas and can catalyze ozone destruction in the stratosphere, while another of its oxides serves as a fuel for the production of tropospheric ozone. Biologically active forms of it are produced naturally by lighting and certain types of bacteria, who \"fix\" it. It is mostly inert due to the very strong bond between its atoms as a diatomic gas. FTP, name this element, the most abundant in the atmosphere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 382 ], [ 383, 494 ], [ 495, 578 ], [ 579, 639 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Enrico Fermi", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An approximate screened potential is named for Thomas and this person.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Enrico_Fermi", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550810d", "qanta_id": 5051, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "An approximate screened potential is named for Thomas and this person. In superconductors, this scientist's namesake level is found in the band gap. His namesake paradox notes the high probability of the existence of but the lack of contact with extraterrestrial civilizations. The Pauli exclusion principle is obeyed by his namesake particles, which have half-integer spins, unlike bosons. Together with Szilard at the University of Chicago, he built the world's first nuclear reactor. Rutherford congratulated him for \"escaping theoretical physics\" when he discovered the transuranics. FTP, name this Italian physicist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 148 ], [ 149, 277 ], [ 278, 390 ], [ 391, 486 ], [ 487, 587 ], [ 588, 621 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Guy de Maupassant", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author's protagonists include a boy traveling to Jersey who discovers his Uncle Jules opening oysters, and a country farmer who is accused of stealing a pocketbook.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Guy_de_Maupassant", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550811b", "qanta_id": 5065, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author's protagonists include a boy traveling to Jersey who discovers his Uncle Jules opening oysters, and a country farmer who is accused of stealing a pocketbook. He wrote about the amoral editor George Duroy, who manipulates his way to the top of French society, in his novel Bel Ami. This author of \"La Horla\" also wrote a short story about the prostitute Elizabeth Rousset, who is forced to sleep with a Prussian officer after being trapped in T?es. Best known for a short story about Mathilde Loisel, who discovers that the title piece of jewelry is fake after losing it at a party, FTP, name this French author of \"Ball of Fat\" and \"The Necklace.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 292 ], [ 293, 459 ], [ 460, 659 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Rabindranath Tagore", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about the flaring of Charu's emotions due to the arrival of Amal, her husband's cousin, in The Broken Nose.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rabindranath_Tagore", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508130", "qanta_id": 5086, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This author wrote about the flaring of Charu's emotions due to the arrival of Amal, her husband's cousin, in The Broken Nose. The author of such dramas as The Post Office and Red Oleanders, he wrote about an activist who longs for the wife of the noble Nikhil in his novel The Home and the World. He also authored the poetry collections Cycle of Spring, Sheaves, and The Golden Boat. His Janaganamana and Amar Shonar Bangla were adopted as national anthems, but he remains best remembered for a collection of 103 poems translated as \"Song Offerings.\" A longtime friend of William Butler Yeats, this is, FTP, what Bengali author of Gitanjali?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 296 ], [ 297, 383 ], [ 384, 550 ], [ 551, 641 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "superconductivity [accept word forms like superconductors etc.]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The namesake parameter of one model of this phenomenon has a critical value of root 2 over 2, above which the transition to it is second-order.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Superconductivity", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550813b", "qanta_id": 5097, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The namesake parameter of one model of this phenomenon has a critical value of root 2 over 2, above which the transition to it is second-order. A deviation from this behavior is an effect named for Kondo. The aforementioned model of this behavior, derived by extremizing an order parameter, is due to Ginzberg and Landau. A better-known model for this behavior predicts bosonic bound states between conduction electrons; these are the Cooper pairs of the BCS theory. FTP, name this physical phenomenon first observed by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in which a material's electrical resistance vanishes when it is cooled.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 204 ], [ 205, 321 ], [ 322, 466 ], [ 467, 614 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "hemoglobin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Portland and Gower types of this molecule are only seen in utero, and the A1C version is useful in monitoring the long-term blood sugar status of diabetics.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hemoglobin", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550813f", "qanta_id": 5101, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The Portland and Gower types of this molecule are only seen in utero, and the A1C version is useful in monitoring the long-term blood sugar status of diabetics. At high altitudes its activity is inhibited by an increase in the concentration of 2,3-biphosphoglycerate, and fMRI takes advantage of its magnetic properties. Consisting of two alpha and two beta subunits of roughly 17,000 daltons each, it becomes nonfunctional if its central iron atom is oxidized to a +3 state. Thalassemia and porphyria also compromise the function of, FTP, what metalloprotein found in red blood cells, which binds oxygen?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 320 ], [ 321, 475 ], [ 476, 605 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "John Donne", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote that love \"makes one little room [of] everywhere\" in \"The Good-Morrow.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Donne", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508140", "qanta_id": 5102, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote that love \"makes one little room [of] everywhere\" in \"The Good-Morrow.\" This poet argued that \"Here upon earth, we're kings, and none but we / Can be such kings, nor of such subjects be\" in \"The Anniversary\" and wrote of people worshiping a \"bracelet of bright hair about the bone\" in \"The Relic\". An attack of \"relapsing fever\" inspired his Devotions upon Emergent Occasions, whose seventeenth meditation states \"No man is an island.\" He asserted \"death shall be no more; death, thou shalt die\" in one of his Holy Sonnets, which begins \"Death, be not proud.\" FTP, name this metaphysical poet of \"The Flea\" and \"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 88, 89 ], [ 90, 315 ], [ 316, 453 ], [ 454, 576 ], [ 576, 666 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "neutron stars [prompt on pulsars or magnetars before \"namesake particles\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A particular type of these that loses angular momentum very quickly is exemplified by SGR-1806-20, which had a major event on Dec. 27, 2004.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutron_star", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550815e", "qanta_id": 5132, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Astronomy", "text": "A particular type of these that loses angular momentum very quickly is exemplified by SGR-1806-20, which had a major event on Dec. 27, 2004. The cores of these are not well understood, but may consist of differentially rotating strange fluid, explaining their equatorial bulges. Proposed by Baade and Zwicky, these include magnetars and have an upper mass limit named for Tolman, Volkov, and Oppenheimer because they are held together by degeneracy pressure from their namesake particles. FTP, name these stars, usually the remnants of supernovas, that are named for the fact that they are mostly comprised of uncharged nucleons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 278 ], [ 279, 488 ], [ 489, 629 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Albania", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the far north of this country is Lake Scutari, home to its city of Shkoder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albania", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550816d", "qanta_id": 5147, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "In the far north of this country is Lake Scutari, home to its city of Shkoder. Other cities include the port Vlore and Elbasan in the interior, which is linked by rail to its second most populous city, the port town Durres. Its southern boundary is formed by the Pindus Mountains and its longest river is the Drin, which empties in the north. The Shkumbin River separates the two major dialects of its ethnic people, called the \"Sons of the Eagle\" or Shqipetars - those dialects are the Ghegs of the north and the Tosks of the south. FTP, name this country on the Strait of Otranto across from Italy, which is west of Macedonia and has a capital at Tirana.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 223 ], [ 224, 342 ], [ 343, 533 ], [ 534, 656 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "recursiveness [accept word forms like recursive]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The most direct way to understand this concept in lambda calculus is via the fixed-point operator.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Recursion", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508188", "qanta_id": 5174, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "The most direct way to understand this concept in lambda calculus is via the fixed-point operator. The general form of this property is synonymous with computability; the Ackerman function has the general form of this property, but not the primitive kind. The McCarthy 91 Function makes calls of this kind if its input is less than 100. Because any positive integer factorial can easily be stated as the integer times the next-lowest integer factorial, many implementations of the factorial function have this property. FTP, name this property of algorithms that call themselves, that is often contrasted with iterativeness.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 255 ], [ 256, 336 ], [ 337, 519 ], [ 520, 624 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "ozone", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It reacts directly with carbon-carbon double bonds by a 1,3 cycloadditon to form a pentagonal intermediate, after which workup reagents can be added to produce carbonyl end products.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ozone", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055081b6", "qanta_id": 5220, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "It reacts directly with carbon-carbon double bonds by a 1,3 cycloadditon to form a pentagonal intermediate, after which workup reagents can be added to produce carbonyl end products. Its distinctive smell was specifically noted in 1785, but it was not determined to be a definite chemical compound until 1839. Because of its high oxidation potential and ease of production, it is often used as a disinfectant, particularly in water treatment plants. More famously, it blocks ultraviolet rays, converting them into heat energy in the earth's stratosphere. FTP identify this triatomic compound with a characteristic pale blue color, which is composed entirely of oxygen atoms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 309 ], [ 310, 449 ], [ 450, 554 ], [ 555, 674 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Samuel Barber", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A late song cycle of his, which includes a setting of an excerpt from Joyce's Ulysses entitled \"Solitary Hotel\" and three settings of Robert Graves, is entitled Despite and Still.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Barber", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055081c9", "qanta_id": 5239, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "A late song cycle of his, which includes a setting of an excerpt from Joyce's Ulysses entitled \"Solitary Hotel\" and three settings of Robert Graves, is entitled Despite and Still. The poetry collection Permit Me Voyage provides the text for another song, \"Sure on This Shining Night.\" A composition for soprano and orchestra sets excerpts from a prose work written by the same author, James Agee, and is entitled Knoxville: Summer of 1915. He is more famous for his The School for Scandal overture and an orchestral arrangement of a movement of his first string quartet, which he also arranged as a choral setting of the Agnus Dei. FTP, identify this composer of Adagio for Strings.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 208 ], [ 209, 284 ], [ 285, 439 ], [ 440, 631 ], [ 632, 682 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Kenzaburo Oe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He wrote a variation on Henry James' Turn of the Screw in which a composer named \"D\" kills the titular character, Aghwee the Sky Monster, and attacked a famous countryman in the novella", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenzabur\u014d_\u014ce", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055081e0", "qanta_id": 5262, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "He wrote a variation on Henry James' Turn of the Screw in which a composer named \"D\" kills the titular character, Aghwee the Sky Monster, and attacked a famous countryman in the novella The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away. A writer leaves his son in the care of Ma-Chan to spend a year at the University of California in his A Quiet Life, while a terrorist incident in his homeland was the basis for his novel about the Church of the New Man, Somersault. He has also written a novel featuring sodomy with a cucumber and one about a mentally ill boy and a black man named Bird, A Personal Matter. FTP, identify this Japanese author of Nip the Bud, Shoot the Kids and The Silent Cry.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 193 ], [ 194, 204 ], [ 205, 230 ], [ 231, 462 ], [ 463, 605 ], [ 605, 690 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Nernst equation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One variation on this equation is the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, which accounts for instances involving multiple ions and a non-equilibrium steady state. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nernst_equation", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055081e7", "qanta_id": 5269, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One variation on this equation is the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, which accounts for instances involving multiple ions and a non-equilibrium steady state. A very intuitive derivation of this equation requires the use of Boltzmann factors and the probabilities of certain redox reactions. However, it is most commonly presented in terms of entropy and Gibbs free energy. FTP, identify this equation from electrochemistry which is named after a German scientist and which calculates a system's electric potential.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 159, 293 ], [ 293, 376 ], [ 376, 517 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Quixote (accept Don Quixote or The Spiritual Quixote before the second sentence)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Jerry Tugwell and Geoffry Wildgoose go on a \"summer ramble\" to meet George Whitefield in a novel about a \"spiritual\" one of these written by Richard Graves. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550822d", "qanta_id": 5339, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Jerry Tugwell and Geoffry Wildgoose go on a \"summer ramble\" to meet George Whitefield in a novel about a \"spiritual\" one of these written by Richard Graves. Sir George Bellmour and Sir Charles Glanville vie for the affections of Arabella in a novel about a \"female\" one of these written by Charlotte Lennox. Graham Greene wrote a book about a \"Monsignor\" of this name, while a fragmentary version of it was written by a man whose other works include an invective against Paul Val?y and a monograph on Leibniz's Characteristica universalis, Pierre Menard. FTP, name this character who was most famously written about by Miguel de Cervantes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 158, 310 ], [ 310, 558 ], [ 558, 642 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Felix Mendelssohn", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man's Opus 16, a set of three \"fantasies or caprices\" for piano, was written after a visit to Coed-du in Wales. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508237", "qanta_id": 5349, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This man's Opus 16, a set of three \"fantasies or caprices\" for piano, was written after a visit to Coed-du in Wales. His Etude in F minor was written for a pedagogical work by his teacher, Ignaz Moscheles, while his three piano sonatas include a work in G minor he composed at the age of 12 and a work in E which was the only one published in his life, after being written in 1826. His other keyboard works include the six Christmas Pieces, the youthful Andante and Rondo Capriccioso, and the Variations S?ieuses, as well as a collection of pieces in eight books which includes several \"Venetian Boat Songs.\" FTP, name this composer of the Songs Without Words who also wrote the Italian and Scottish symphonies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 118, 384 ], [ 384, 612 ], [ 612, 714 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "the Druze or Druse", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One group of them attends Thursday-evening services at the \"khilwa,\" and is obliged to follow seven rules of conduct. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Druze", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508244", "qanta_id": 5362, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "One group of them attends Thursday-evening services at the \"khilwa,\" and is obliged to follow seven rules of conduct. That group can progress in their learning of the wisdom known as \"hikma\" until they become \"ajawid,\" or \"the generous.\" Those special initiates are known as the \"uqqal,\" to distinguish them from the ignorant masses known as the \"juhhal.\" The latter group follows a catechism known as the \"Instruction,\" or al-Talim. Their name derives from a follower of Hamza ibn Ali who helped propagate their beliefs, though their doctrine was codified by a man they call \"Ruler by His Own Command.\" That man was al-Hakim, the sixth caliph of the Fatimid dynasty. FTP, name this Islamic sect whose members mostly live in Syria and Lebanon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 119, 240 ], [ 240, 359 ], [ 359, 438 ], [ 438, 609 ], [ 609, 674 ], [ 674, 749 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Arrhenius equation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Later corrections to this equation include Trautz and Lewis' collision theory, as well as Wigner and Eyring's transition state theory. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arrhenius_equation", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508246", "qanta_id": 5364, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Later corrections to this equation include Trautz and Lewis' collision theory, as well as Wigner and Eyring's transition state theory. It was first proposed by van't Hoff in 1884, and later was justified by its namesake. When expressed in terms of molecular units, the Boltzmann constant is used instead of the universal gas constant. The modified version of this equation makes explicit the temperature dependence of its pre-exponential factor, which accounts for a reaction's rate coefficient. FTP, identify this equation named after a Swedish scientist that calculates a reaction's activation energy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 136, 223 ], [ 223, 338 ], [ 338, 500 ], [ 500, 607 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "bridges", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Solmundae Halmang offered to create one of these in exchange for some underwear. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bridge", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508288", "qanta_id": 5430, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "Solmundae Halmang offered to create one of these in exchange for some underwear. Elsewhere in Korean mythology, Chumong is held to have conjured one of these with an arrow. Good deeds may be exchanged for a white horse near one of these that touches the Hauzu'l-Kausar and Jehennam, the Sirat al-Mustaqim of Islam. One of these guarded by the husband of Uzume can be reached from Mount Takachihi. Horatius Cocles held one of these against Etruscans as it was demolished. Perhaps the best-known example of these objects from mythology is also known as Asbru and is guarded by Heimdall. FTP, name these objects, the Norse \"rainbow\" variety of which is known as Bifrost.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 82, 175 ], [ 175, 316 ], [ 317, 398 ], [ 399, 472 ], [ 473, 586 ], [ 587, 669 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "The Last Supper", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In Nikolai Ge's version, the central figure wears brown and reclines on a bed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Last_Supper", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055082b0", "qanta_id": 5470, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "In Nikolai Ge's version, the central figure wears brown and reclines on a bed. Dirk Bouts' version is the center panel of the Altarpiece of the Holy Sacrament, and includes four servants in the background. The figures are barefoot in Jacopo Bassano's version, while Andrea del Castagno's version features an isolated figure sitting in the foreground on one side of a long white table. The central figure has a brilliant halo in Tintoretto's version, which is set on a diagonal, while another version portrays Judas' face in shadow. FTP, name this scene from the New Testament most famously painted by Leonardo da Vinci, which depicts the final meal eaten before the betrayal of Jesus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 205 ], [ 206, 384 ], [ 385, 531 ], [ 532, 684 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Otto I (or Otto the Great)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He negotiated for one of his sons to marry the Byzantine princess Theophano, and he divided Mecklenburg between two margravates. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055082c9", "qanta_id": 5495, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "He negotiated for one of his sons to marry the Byzantine princess Theophano, and he divided Mecklenburg between two margravates. At the behest of Pope John XII, he invaded Italy and deposed Adalbert, after which he was crowned in St. Peter's. He had earlier thwarted Berengar, the king of Burgundy, by venturing into Italy a year before his coronation and marrying Adelaide, though he was drawn back to his homeland to put down a revolt by the Duke of Lotharingia, Conrad. His chronicler, Thetimar, claimed this man would rather \"die than tolerate [the] evil\" of the Magyars, whom he defeated in 955 at Lechfeld. FTP, name this son of Matilda and Henry the Fowler, the first Saxon ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 130, 243 ], [ 244, 473 ], [ 474, 615 ], [ 615, 714 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Baha'i", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "According to one of the major texts of this faith, the individuals known as the \"Hands of the Cause of God\" are supposed to \"diffuse the Divine Fragrances\" of this religion throughout the world.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055082cd", "qanta_id": 5499, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "According to one of the major texts of this faith, the individuals known as the \"Hands of the Cause of God\" are supposed to \"diffuse the Divine Fragrances\" of this religion throughout the world. That text, the Will and Testament of one of this religion's early leaders, also expounds on the idea of the Covenant with God, the concept of religious dispensations, and the history of Prophets known as Manifestations of God, or mazhar. Historical mazhars include Adam, Jesus, and Muhammad, but the current dispensation was opened by a figure known as the B?. FTP, name this religion, whose major prophets include Bah?u'll?.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 432 ], [ 433, 555 ], [ 556, 620 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "A Doll's House or Et dukkehjem (accept A Doll's House Repaired)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A revisionist version of this work was created by Israel Zangwill, who also coined the phrase \"The Melting Pot,\" and the daughter of Karl Marx. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "A_Doll's_House", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055082f7", "qanta_id": 5541, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A revisionist version of this work was created by Israel Zangwill, who also coined the phrase \"The Melting Pot,\" and the daughter of Karl Marx. In that revision of this work, one character seeks a boarding school recommendation for his children from a clergyman, while in the original the protagonist abandons religion and states that she only knows what her clergyman has told her. In that revision, the protagonist also invites her friend to move into a spare bedroom, while in the original that friend, Christine Linde, collects the protagonist's things after a forged loan document leads to her abandonment of her husband and children. FTP, name this play by Ibsen which centers on a lover of macaroons, Nora Helmer, who escapes the title abode.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 145, 383 ], [ 384, 640 ], [ 641, 751 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Grignard reagent", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "It is a fundamental constituent in the processes that produce the breast cancer drug Tamoxifen and the anti-inflammatory Naproxen. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grignard_reaction", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508327", "qanta_id": 5589, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "It is a fundamental constituent in the processes that produce the breast cancer drug Tamoxifen and the anti-inflammatory Naproxen. Reactions involving it are governed by the Schlenk equilibrium, and these reactions often take place in diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran. The addition of mercuric chloride amalgamates can help to speed up the normally sluggish reactions that form these compounds, which involve adding an alkyl or aryl halide to magnesium. FTP, identify this reagent used in a namesake organometallic reaction to form carbon-carbon bonds, which is named after a French chemist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 132, 271 ], [ 271, 457 ], [ 457, 594 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "\"The Dead\"", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The main character of this work is invited to a vacation in the Aran Islands by Miss Ivors, but turns down the offer by claiming that he is going on a cycling trip instead.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508369", "qanta_id": 5655, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "The main character of this work is invited to a vacation in the Aran Islands by Miss Ivors, but turns down the offer by claiming that he is going on a cycling trip instead. At the central event, the maid Lily yells at the main character for asking about her love life while Mr. Browne, an old man, attempts to calm down the drunk and late Freddy Malins. At the close of the festivities, the central couple listens to the tenor Bartell D'Arcy while Mary Jane accompanies him on the piano, causing the wife to think about her childhood love, Michael Furey. FTP, name this short story taking place at the party of the elderly sisters Kate and Julia Morkan, which is attended by Gretta and Gabriel Conroy, the last and longest story in Dubliners by James Joyce.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 353 ], [ 354, 554 ], [ 555, 757 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Duino Eligies or Duineser Elegien", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A seminal translation of these was made in the APR by Poulin in 1975.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Duino_Elegies", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550836c", "qanta_id": 5658, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A seminal translation of these was made in the APR by Poulin in 1975. Claiming of \"the hero\" that he \"strangely resembles those who die young,\" the sixth of these nevertheless notes \"Thousands fermented in [his mother's] womb, wanting to be him.\" The fourth begins by asking the \"trees of life, when is [their] winter?\" The fifth is \"dedicated to Frau Hertha von Koenig,\" while this work as a whole is \"property of Princess Marie von Thurn und Taxis-Hohenlohe,\" who is also dedicatee of The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge. They are named for the Swiss town in a tower in which they were composed and the poet calls The Sonnets to Orpheus their \"natural overflow.\" FTP, name this volume of ten poems by Rainer Maria Rilke.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 246 ], [ 247, 318 ], [ 318, 525 ], [ 526, 665 ], [ 665, 724 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Claude Debussy", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After this composer \"discovered\" Boris Godunov, he adopted Balakirev's time signatures for an orchestral triptych and employed a women's chorus for its third section, \"Sirens.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508395", "qanta_id": 5699, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "After this composer \"discovered\" Boris Godunov, he adopted Balakirev's time signatures for an orchestral triptych and employed a women's chorus for its third section, \"Sirens.\" Two trips to Bayreuth influenced him and he parodied Wagner's \"Tristan chord\" in the \"Golliwog's Cakewalk\" section of one his Children's Corner Suites. His friend Gustave Dor?conducted the premier of a well-known piece which was intended as the first of another triptych and which, according to Pierre Boulez, marked the beginning of modern music. That work's first section is dominated by the flute, which represents the title animal from a Mallarme poem. FTP, name this French composer of Three Nocturnes and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 328 ], [ 329, 524 ], [ 525, 633 ], [ 634, 723 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "the Battle of Saratoga", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At a break in this battle, fortifications were built at Great Redoubt, Balcarres Redoubt, and Breymann Redoubt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battles_of_Saratoga", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550839e", "qanta_id": 5708, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "At a break in this battle, fortifications were built at Great Redoubt, Balcarres Redoubt, and Breymann Redoubt. This battle would have been an even more complete victory had John Paterson's brigade supported the final charge. The main assault was commanded by a former Colonel at Wolfenbuttel, Friederich von Riedesel. In the final stage, a sniper mortally wounded Simon Fraser on the order of Daniel Morgan. This battle was fought in two areas, on Bemis Heights and in Freeman's Farm, and the rebel victory might be credited to the tactics of a wounded Benedict Arnold. FTP, identify this Revolutionary War battle fought in September and October 1777; a victory for Gates over Burgoyne in upstate New York.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 225 ], [ 226, 318 ], [ 319, 408 ], [ 409, 570 ], [ 571, 707 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Otto I,} the Great (accept either underlined part subsequent to Otto as long as proceeded by Otto; prompt on Otto)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His religious policies were steered by his brother, Bruno, who later became an archbishop.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055083a9", "qanta_id": 5719, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "His religious policies were steered by his brother, Bruno, who later became an archbishop. He defeated Duke Eberhard and Giselbert at the Battle of Andernach after they aligned with this man's half brother, Thankmar. Later, he intervened in Northern Italy after the assassination of Berengarius and gained power there after marrying the daughter of Rudolph II, Adelaide. After further rebellions by his son Ludolph and by Conrad the Red, this man terminated their powers at the Imperial Diet of Auerstadt. Following this, he rushed to Augsburg to defeat the Magyars. FTP, Identify this man who ruled out of Magdeburg and the victor at Lechfeld; a German king who consolidated power and in 962 was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor of the Saxon line.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 216 ], [ 217, 370 ], [ 371, 505 ], [ 506, 566 ], [ 567, 752 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "apoptosis (accept programmed cell death)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A very likely key regulator of this process is ALG-2, a calcium-binding protein.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apoptosis", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508428", "qanta_id": 5846, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "A very likely key regulator of this process is ALG-2, a calcium-binding protein. Reactive oxygen species may cause Bcl-2 to activate Bax, which leads to activation of various caspases. Its indicators include exposure of surface phospholipids to phosphatidylserine and the secretion of TGF-beta by cytokines. In plants, it is accomplished by proteases that cleave at asparagine residues, which cause collapse of the central vacuole. It is involved in such events as formation of synapses and the sloughing-off of the endometrial lining. FTP, identify this process by which normal development of multicellular organisms is genetically controlled, and which is different from necrosis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 184 ], [ 185, 307 ], [ 308, 431 ], [ 432, 535 ], [ 536, 682 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Athens or Athinai (accept Attica or the Duchy of Athens until \"city\" is mentioned)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Purchased by the Florentine Acciaiuoli in 1390, it had earlier been center of a state whose official language was Catalan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athens", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508430", "qanta_id": 5854, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Purchased by the Florentine Acciaiuoli in 1390, it had earlier been center of a state whose official language was Catalan. Later, it was conquered by Navarrese mercenaries who had defeated Walter V of Brienne at Halymros. Walter had succeeded the French knightly family of de la Roche, which had held power here for over a hundred years. Its early prestige had greatly been checked by a 529 closure that dispersed intellectuals to distant Harran and Ctesiphon. Though Venice would twice launch attacks on this city, it would pass into Muslim hands in 1456. Finally returned to Christian rule in 1833, this is, FTP, what city, made capital in the same year by King Othon I but perhaps more famous for the Pnyx and the Areopagus and its ancient prowess under such leaders as Themistocles and Pericles?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 221 ], [ 222, 337 ], [ 338, 460 ], [ 461, 556 ], [ 557, 669 ], [ 670, 799 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "William Butler Yeats", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the work the Hidden God, literary critic Cleanth Brooks cites William Faulkner and this author as examples of how reading the works of heathens can provide a profound experience for Christians.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "W._B._Yeats", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550843f", "qanta_id": 5869, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In the work the Hidden God, literary critic Cleanth Brooks cites William Faulkner and this author as examples of how reading the works of heathens can provide a profound experience for Christians. He was a member of the Order of the Golden Dawn and, during his honeymoon, his wife Georgie Hyde-Lee demonstrated her gift for automatic writing, the result of which was the work A Vision. It was during that same period that he wrote a poem to commemorate a gift given him by Harry Clifton which featured the \"ancient, glittering eyes\" of \"Three Chinese men.\" His mystic beliefs are more prevalent in another work that demonstrates his Nietzschean belief in the rough beast who \"Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born.\" FTP, name this Irish poet of \"Lapis Lazuli\" and \"The Second Coming.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 197, 385 ], [ 386, 556 ], [ 557, 714 ], [ 714, 784 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Wuthering Heights", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Joyce Carol Oates wrote a controversial article about the \"magnanimity\" of this novel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wuthering_Heights", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508441", "qanta_id": 5871, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Joyce Carol Oates wrote a controversial article about the \"magnanimity\" of this novel. The narrator has a dream in which he is forced to attend a sermon delivered by the Reverend James Branderham, who accuses him of committing the \"first of the seventy-first\" sin. That narrator's landlord is initially hated by his family as a child due to the crushing of a fiddle and the loss of a riding crop, gifts brought for his adopted siblings from Liverpool. The protagonist is then abused physically by Hindley, whose sister he desperately loves, and, after a three-year absence, returns to Thrushcross Grange and the title estate to reclaim his love and exact revenge. FTP, name this novel about Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff Heathcliff by Emily Bronte.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 264 ], [ 265, 451 ], [ 452, 663 ], [ 664, 752 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Stoicism", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This doctrine preaches that only the first man received a soul from the divine and all other souls are physically inherited from parents during conception.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stoicism", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055084ab", "qanta_id": 5977, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "This doctrine preaches that only the first man received a soul from the divine and all other souls are physically inherited from parents during conception. It believes that reality can be distinguished from the error of the senses by the strength of the impression produced and, from a strict materialism, it deduces that the human soul, human body, fire, God, and the logos are all identical. It preaches apathea to the external world and its formal school was led by Cleanthes and Chrysippus. Calling for the suppression of all passions and individual desires, this philosophy found later proponents in Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. FTP, name this school of philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium and antithetical to Epicureanism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 393 ], [ 394, 494 ], [ 495, 635 ], [ 636, 731 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "index of refraction (prompt on n or eta)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The linear variation of this quantity with applied electric field is known as the Pockels effect and evanescence occurs when the magnitude of this physical quantity is dominated by the extinction coefficient.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Refractive_index", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055084ad", "qanta_id": 5979, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The linear variation of this quantity with applied electric field is known as the Pockels effect and evanescence occurs when the magnitude of this physical quantity is dominated by the extinction coefficient. The path integral of this quantity is classically stationary according to Fermat's principle; a fact which may be used to derive the law of Snellius, which governs this property's namesake phenomenon at the interface of two media with different values for it. FTP, identify this physical property that is commonly defined as the ratio of the speed light in a medium to that in a vacuum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 208 ], [ 209, 468 ], [ 469, 595 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Pablo Neruda", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His animal-themed poems include one in which he buries his dead dog \"in the garden/next to a rusted old machine\" and another focusing on a \"Cat's Dream.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055084bc", "qanta_id": 5994, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "His animal-themed poems include one in which he buries his dead dog \"in the garden/next to a rusted old machine\" and another focusing on a \"Cat's Dream.\" \"Entrance into Wood,\" \"Hymn to Celery,\" and \"Statute of Wine\" make up his three \"Material Cantos,\" which along with poems like \"Dream Horse\" and \"Death Gallop\" are included in the cycle Residence on Earth. An artichoke, a lemon, and Conger Chowder are among the subjects of his Elemental Odes. Better known are a cycle of amorous poems ending with the exclamation \"In everything you sank!\" in a \"Song of Despair\" and a long poem about an Incan ruin. FTP name this Chilean poet, whose \"Heights of Macchu Picchu\" is included in his Canto General.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 359 ], [ 360, 447 ], [ 448, 519 ], [ 519, 543 ], [ 544, 603 ], [ 604, 698 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Joseph Conrad", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Dr. Kennedy relates the story of Yanko Goorall's courtship of the title character of one of this man's short stories.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Conrad", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055084c9", "qanta_id": 6007, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Dr. Kennedy relates the story of Yanko Goorall's courtship of the title character of one of this man's short stories. The unnamed narrator disbelieves a Northman's assertions that he's not working with the enemy in \"The Tale,\" while the interaction between Tuan and the Malaysian Arsat is told of in \"The Lagoon.\" Victor Haldin is betrayed by Razumov in one of this man's novels set in St. Petersburg and Geneva. A trader fails to find a legendary Gold mine in Almayer's Folly, and in another novel the title character, Mr. Verloc, plans to blow up Greenwich Observatory. Better known known novels include one about the leader of the stevedores at the San Tome silver mine, Nostromo, and another concerning the chief mate on the Patna, Lord Jim. The creator of the sailor Marlowe, this is FTP what author of Heart of Darkness?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 313 ], [ 314, 412 ], [ 413, 571 ], [ 572, 745 ], [ 746, 826 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Constantin Brancusi", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In 1927, Isamu Noguchi served as this man's assistant for seven months, and in 2004, one of his works, Danaide, sold for a then record $18.1 million dollars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508504", "qanta_id": 6066, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "In 1927, Isamu Noguchi served as this man's assistant for seven months, and in 2004, one of his works, Danaide, sold for a then record $18.1 million dollars. Sophisticated Young Lady is an alternate name for one of his works, and Princess X consists of only the title feature's neck and head. A portrait of Baroness Ren? Frachon inspired one of his most famous works, Sleeping Muse. His most famous achievement was a series of sixteen sculptures in bronze and marble that attempted to capture the essence of flight by eliminating wings and feathers. FTP, name this Romanian-born French sculptor of Sleeping Muse and the Bird in Space series.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 292 ], [ 293, 320 ], [ 321, 382 ], [ 383, 549 ], [ 550, 641 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Human Immunodeficiency Virus", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its late genes, including vpr, vpu, and vif, require Rev to be expressed, while its early gene Nef, or negative factor, is the first protein to be detectable following infection with it. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "HIV", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508518", "qanta_id": 6086, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Its late genes, including vpr, vpu, and vif, require Rev to be expressed, while its early gene Nef, or negative factor, is the first protein to be detectable following infection with it. It was originally discovered by a group searching for a common cause behind a cluster of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Two strains are known to infect humans, though one is more virulent and classified into three groups, one of which is further broken down into nine subtypes plus circulating recombinant forms. A member of the lentivirus family, infection with it is typically treated with reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors. FTP name this virus that infects CD4 positive T cells in over 30 million people worldwide and causes AIDS.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 188 ], [ 188, 310 ], [ 310, 504 ], [ 504, 631 ], [ 631, 737 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "The Last Supper", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One version of it features marble panels that are uniform and calm except for one, which reflects the turmoil in the figure sitting below that panel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Last_Supper", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508542", "qanta_id": 6128, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "One version of it features marble panels that are uniform and calm except for one, which reflects the turmoil in the figure sitting below that panel. In another version, light shines through a circular window, while an empty bread plate rests prominently on the floor. Still another version has the table set at an angle to the plane of the picture with many of the figures surrounded by halos, but unlike other versions, servants, dogs, and cats are also included. FTP, name this subject of paintings by Castagno and Tintoretto and a woodcut by Durer, whose most famous version features lunettes with the Sforza coat-of-arms above the main painting of Jesus Christ and his twelve apostles, a work by Leonardo da Vinci.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 268 ], [ 269, 465 ], [ 466, 719 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Otto I [or Otto the Great]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Early in his reign, this ruler had to squelch two major rebellions: one led by his half-brother Thankmar, and another by his brother Henry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550855d", "qanta_id": 6155, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Early in his reign, this ruler had to squelch two major rebellions: one led by his half-brother Thankmar, and another by his brother Henry. He defeated Berengar of Ivrea to marry the Burgundian princess Adelaide, and in so doing, gained the additional title King of the Lombards. Much of his ruling strength came from his namesake system of installing his own bishops, and later in his rule, he deposed John XII in favor of Leo VIII for the papacy. Another rebellion, this one by his son Liudolf, was ended by an invasion of the Magyars, whom this ruler soundly defeated at Lechfeld. Crowned King of the Germans after the death of his father, Henry the Fowler, FTP name this man who, in 962, became the first ruler since Charlemagne to hold the title Holy Roman Emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 279 ], [ 280, 448 ], [ 449, 583 ], [ 584, 770 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "George Berkeley", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He expressed his scientific instrumentalism with a tract on mechanics in De Motu.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Berkeley", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508562", "qanta_id": 6160, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "He expressed his scientific instrumentalism with a tract on mechanics in De Motu. He defended Christianity against the anti-Anglican \"free-thinkers\" in Alciphron, and he later extolled the virtues of tar water before moving on to contemplate God in Siris. In his first major work, he explored ideas such as minimum visibles and tangibles as they related to perception. After A New Essay Towards a Theory of Vision, his next two works laid out his views against abstraction, particularly that of Locke, and against materialism, holding that \"to be is to be perceived.\" Author of Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonus and A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, FTP name this Irish bishop and philosopher whose writings inspired the naming of the hometown of the University of California's flagship campus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 255 ], [ 256, 368 ], [ 369, 567 ], [ 568, 826 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "The Night Watch [accept \"Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq and Lietuenant Willem van Ruytenburch\" before it's read]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A three dimensional sculpted version of this painting was recently completed by Mikhail Dronov and Alexander Taratynov in honor of the artist's 400th birthday.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Night_Watch", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550856a", "qanta_id": 6168, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "A three dimensional sculpted version of this painting was recently completed by Mikhail Dronov and Alexander Taratynov in honor of the artist's 400th birthday. A man in the back waves a gold and blue striped flag, while the left foreground features a dwarf next to a man in a bright red outfit loading a gun. Behind him and to his left stands a brightly clad young girl wearing the symbols of the Arquebusiers, and a shield with 18 of their names on it sits above the gate in the background. The most notable features of this painting include a foreshortened gun in the left hand of Willem van Ruytenburch and the foreshortened left arm of the painting's commissioner. Misnamed because of many coats of dark varnish, FTP name this painting of the Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, the most famous work of Rembrandt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 308 ], [ 309, 491 ], [ 492, 668 ], [ 669, 828 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Abraham Lincoln", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Chaim Potok's The Chosen, Reuven compares Danny to this figure when he first visits him in the hospital. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Abraham_Lincoln", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508595", "qanta_id": 6211, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In Chaim Potok's The Chosen, Reuven compares Danny to this figure when he first visits him in the hospital. In one poem, this figure is \"slow to smite and swift to spare/ Gentle and merciful and just!\", while he is \"not forced to frame excuses for his birth/ Fed from within by all the strength he needs\" in a poem by James Russell Lowell. This person \"came when days were perilous/And hearts of men were sore beguiled\" in Edwin Arlington Robinson's poem \"The Master.\" He \"will not rest/ near the old courthouse pacing up and down,\" in a poem in which he \"Walks at Midnight,\" while in a more famous poem, he has \"fallen cold and dead\" even though \"the ship has weathered every rack/ The prize we sought is won.\" FTP, name this man who is twice referred to as \"captain\" in the title of an elegy by Walt Whitman, the 16th President of the United States.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 109, 342 ], [ 342, 384 ], [ 384, 473 ], [ 473, 714 ], [ 714, 855 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "William Golding", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's only drama concerns a Greek scientist who comes to Rome bearing the inventions of the steam engine, gun powder, and the printing press and was adapted from the author's short story \"Envoy Extraordinairy.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Golding", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508597", "qanta_id": 6213, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This man's only drama concerns a Greek scientist who comes to Rome bearing the inventions of the steam engine, gun powder, and the printing press and was adapted from the author's short story \"Envoy Extraordinairy.\" The pederast Mr. Sebastian Pedigree spurns the overtures of friendship by the burn victim Matty Windrave in one of his novels, while in another Roger Mason attempts to rebuild the title structure onto Jocelin's cathedral. In addition to Darkness Visible and The Spire, he wrote an epistolary novel about Reverend Colley's relationship to the haughty Edmund Talbot, Rites of Passage. In a better-known novel he writes about the ultimately spurious stranding of a navy officer on a barren rock. Also known for Fire Down Below and The Inheritors, this is, FTP, what author, best known for his tale of depraved schoolboys trapped on an island, Lord of the Flies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 217, 440 ], [ 440, 602 ], [ 602, 713 ], [ 713, 737 ], [ 738, 878 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "calcium", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its singly-ionized form produces the 3968 and 3933 Angstrom spectral lines that are the strongest absorption features in the solar spectrum, the so-called H and K lines. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Calcium", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055085bb", "qanta_id": 6249, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Its singly-ionized form produces the 3968 and 3933 Angstrom spectral lines that are the strongest absorption features in the solar spectrum, the so-called H and K lines. Its hydroxide is used in preparing nixtamal, and its chloride, which is used to make chemicompetent bacteria, is a byproduct of the Solvay process. It is selectively bound by both EGTA and serum albumin, and within cells, it is sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum. Along with phosphate, it forms hydroxyapatite, a major component of bone. FTP, name this alkaline earth metal found in milk with chemical symbol Ca.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 171, 318 ], [ 319, 442 ], [ 442, 517 ], [ 517, 591 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Eugene Gladstone O'Neill", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this man is a monologue in which Mrs. Rowland yells at her husband repeatedly to get up and out of bed. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055085c5", "qanta_id": 6259, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One work by this man is a monologue in which Mrs. Rowland yells at her husband repeatedly to get up and out of bed. One of his one-act plays discusses an indiscretion between Evelyn Sands and Jack Townsend, while another features a gentleman, a dancer, and a West Indian mulatto sailor stranded on a life raft. His only comedy concerns the coming-of-age of Richard Miller. More serious works include a play in which a man resurrected by Jesus \"laughed\" and one about the stoker Yank's identification with the title animal. Some of his best-known characters include an American black man who rules a West Indian Island, an old sailor named Chris Christopherson, and the Mannon and Tyrone families. FTP name this playwright, the author of Mourning Becomes Electra and Long Day's Journey into Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 117, 313 ], [ 313, 376 ], [ 376, 527 ], [ 527, 702 ], [ 702, 801 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "MacBeth", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Clark and Wright hold that this work contains interpolations with passages by Middleton, but this is doubtful.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Macbeth", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055085da", "qanta_id": 6280, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Clark and Wright hold that this work contains interpolations with passages by Middleton, but this is doubtful. Derek Jacobi's 1998 critical essay on this play stems from 1993 work with Cheryl Cambell, while a more classic critical text dealing with this play is De Quincy's essay \"On the Knocking at the Gate in [it].\" Minor characters in this play include two doctors of differing nationalities and a band of murderers, who fail to kill Fleance but have more success offing Banquo. FTP, name this 1606 play in which the title character's wife fails to murder Duncan; a Shakespeare work about a usurping king of Scotland.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 317 ], [ 317, 482 ], [ 483, 621 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Mark Twain; or Samuel Clemens", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Among this man's nonfiction works are an essay that uses \"the wounded soldier\" and \"the golden arm\" to expound on \"How to Write a Story\" and a response to a book by Delia Bacon, \"Is Shakespeare Dead?", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mark_Twain", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055085f1", "qanta_id": 6303, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Among this man's nonfiction works are an essay that uses \"the wounded soldier\" and \"the golden arm\" to expound on \"How to Write a Story\" and a response to a book by Delia Bacon, \"Is Shakespeare Dead?\" Short stories include one about the pilfering of the white elephant of Siam and another in which the title character, Philip Traum, entices three medieval boys to sin. One of his fictional characters stores profanity to be used at sea against sailors in a work that involves the quest of Mulberry Sellers to become earl of Rossmore, The American Claimant. Also collaborating with Charles Dudley Warner on The Gilded Age, he is best known for portraits of his childhood in Hannibal, MO. FTP, name this author of Tom Sawyer, and Huckleberry Finn.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 199, 200 ], [ 201, 370 ], [ 370, 560 ], [ 560, 691 ], [ 691, 749 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Martin Luther", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this figure's books contains chapters on \"The Necessity of Knowing God in His Power\" and \"Exordium,\" and claims that \"necessarily does not mean compulsorily.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Luther", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055085f2", "qanta_id": 6304, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "One of this figure's books contains chapters on \"The Necessity of Knowing God in His Power\" and \"Exordium,\" and claims that \"necessarily does not mean compulsorily.\" This person settled a dispute between counts in Mansfeld after writing On Christian Liberty, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and Small Catechism. This individual also responded to \"The Diatribe Concerning Human Freedom\" by Erasmus with The Bondage of the Will. This person condemned the Peasants Revolt, Jews, and Anabaptists, and gave the Augsburg Confession to Melanchthon after being banned following the Diet of Worms. FTP, name this Augustinian monk who posted 95 theses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 164, 319 ], [ 320, 434 ], [ 435, 596 ], [ 597, 650 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Sergei Vassilyevich Rachmaninov or Rachmaninoff", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He used \"La Follia\" as the basis for his last original solo piano composition, Variations on a Theme of Corelli. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Rachmaninoff", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055085fe", "qanta_id": 6316, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "He used \"La Follia\" as the basis for his last original solo piano composition, Variations on a Theme of Corelli. Unsatisfied with his revisions of his second piano sonata, he gave Horowitz authority to change it however he pleased. Glazunov's drunken conducting of his first symphony sent him into a three-year-long depression, which he once consulted Tolstoy about. He wrote an Elegiac Trio after the death of Tchaikovsky, who was set to conduct his symphonic fantasy The Rock. He referred to his third piano concerto, written for his first American tour, as \"a piece for elephants\". A painting by Bocklin inspired his Isle of the Dead, and he also set Poe's The Bells to music. FTP, identify this Russian composer who used a caprice for solo violin as the basis for arguably his most famous work, Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 114, 234 ], [ 234, 370 ], [ 370, 483 ], [ 483, 590 ], [ 590, 686 ], [ 686, 837 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Heisenberg uncertainty principle", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An alternate statement of this rule is that a function and its Fourier transform cannot both be compactly supported. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncertainty_principle", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550861e", "qanta_id": 6348, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "An alternate statement of this rule is that a function and its Fourier transform cannot both be compactly supported. Local hidden variable theories tried to explain it in the context of the EPR Paradox, but Bell's Theorem disproved that explanation. Its derivation makes use of the Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality, and it is most accurately understood in terms of wave-particle duality, whereby the product of the widths of two different wavefunction collapses must be greater than Planck's constant over 4 pi. Describing the non-commutability of the operators for pairs of observables, FTP name this principle whose most famous example relates the inability to determine the exact momentum and position of a particle simultaneously.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 118, 250 ], [ 251, 507 ], [ 507, 606 ], [ 607, 729 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "apoptosis [prompt on 'programmed cell death' before it is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Laboratory techniques for detecting this process include trypan blue exclusion and the TUNEL assay. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apoptosis", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508626", "qanta_id": 6356, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Laboratory techniques for detecting this process include trypan blue exclusion and the TUNEL assay. It can be induced by binding of the FAS ligand, which activates proteins like Bax and Bid of the Bcl-2 family, and another important inducer of it is SMAC. Its effector enzymes can be known as Ced's, reflecting the elucidation of this process in C. elegans, but in humans, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria activates the caspases, which are powerful proteases. When damage is detected, p53 normally triggers this process, which includes chromatin condensation and blebbing before the cell is phagocytized. FTP name this process of programmed cell death.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 101, 258 ], [ 258, 474 ], [ 475, 621 ], [ 621, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Jainism", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Adherents of this religion believe there are two kinds of energy in the universe: Jada for matter, and Chetana for life. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508627", "qanta_id": 6357, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "Adherents of this religion believe there are two kinds of energy in the universe: Jada for matter, and Chetana for life. Punya is acquired through good deeds, while pap results from bad deeds. It teaches that time is infinite but divided into cycles called Kalchakras, each with ascending and descending halves. During each half-cycle, 24 humans will achieve liberation, or moksha, and become Tirthankaras. The two principal sects, Digamabara and Svetambara, disagree on whether monks should wear clothes, but all adherents follow five guidelines, including not stealing, not lying, and extreme non-violence, or ahimsa, which sometimes leads to monks starving themselves to death. FTP name this ascetic religion whose community was founded by Mahavira.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 122, 195 ], [ 195, 315 ], [ 315, 411 ], [ 411, 686 ], [ 686, 757 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "The Trial or Der Prozess", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The author of this novel never finished a chapter for it which described a lawyer named Hasterer who likes to embarrass young men by asking them difficult questions. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Trial", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508652", "qanta_id": 6400, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "The author of this novel never finished a chapter for it which described a lawyer named Hasterer who likes to embarrass young men by asking them difficult questions. One chapter features a tradesman named Block who is only wearing a short-sleeved shirt, and is therefore accused of being Leni's lover. The usher's wife informs the protagonist that his speech did not go over well, and on the advice of his uncle Albert he hires an advocate. The painter Titorelli, who does portraits of magistrates, explains to the protagonist his possible fate, and when he opens a storeroom in the bank where he works he discovers a masked man whipping Willem and Franz. In a cathedral, a priest tells the parable of a man standing before the door to the law, and on the day before his 31st birthday the protagonist is taken out to a quarry by two men who argue over which one is going to kill him. FTP name this novel about Joseph K, a work by Franz Kafka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 168, 303 ], [ 304, 442 ], [ 443, 657 ], [ 658, 885 ], [ 886, 944 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Bishop George Berkeley", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He argued that revolutions are unjustifiable in Passive Obedience. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Berkeley", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550865e", "qanta_id": 6412, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "He argued that revolutions are unjustifiable in Passive Obedience. He promoted the use of sumptuary laws in his Essay toward Preventing the Ruin of Great Britain, which condemned \"direct gaming\" of the sort which led to the collapse of the South Sea Bubble. He used the phrase \"ghosts of departed quantities\" to describe fluxions in a work subtitled \"A Discourse Addressed to an Infidel Mathematician,\" and tied kinesthetic sensations to the perception of distance in his Essay towards a New Theory of Vision. In reference to one of his ideas, Jonathan Swift supposedly once refused to open his door for this man, and Samuel Johnson exclaimed, \"Thus I refute him!\" after kicking a rock. FTP, name this Bishop of Cloyne who wrote Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous supporting his view that \"to be is to be perceived.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 68, 260 ], [ 260, 513 ], [ 513, 667 ], [ 668, 691 ], [ 691, 829 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "time", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The \"structure\" of this is the subject of a book by W. H. Newton-Smith, which discusses Peirce's argument about a limit of this and constraints on logical possibility. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Time", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055086a2", "qanta_id": 6480, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "The \"structure\" of this is the subject of a book by W. H. Newton-Smith, which discusses Peirce's argument about a limit of this and constraints on logical possibility. It is the second title thing in a book by Richard Swinburne, which argues that it has of logical necessity a unique topology. The \"unreality\" of this was asserted in a famous article by J. M. E. McTaggart, who divided it into a so-called \"A\" and \"B\" series to prove that it doesn't exist. In his Confessions, Augustine claimed that when no one asks him what it is, he knows, but when someone asks him he doesn't know. FTP, identify this concept which is paired with \"free will\" in a book by Henri Bergson and with \"Being\" in the title of a book by Martin Heidegger.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 169, 296 ], [ 296, 460 ], [ 460, 590 ], [ 590, 737 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Benedict de Spinoza or Baruch Spinoza", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man's political views are discussed in a book by Lewis Feuer which considers him \"and the rise of liberalism,\" while his best-known work has been the subject of books by Alan Donagan, Jonathan Bennett, and Edwin Curley. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baruch_Spinoza", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055086e9", "qanta_id": 6551, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "This man's political views are discussed in a book by Lewis Feuer which considers him \"and the rise of liberalism,\" while his best-known work has been the subject of books by Alan Donagan, Jonathan Bennett, and Edwin Curley. In his lifetime, this man clarified many of his views through correspondence with George Hermann Schuller and Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus. This man warmed up for his best-known work by writing a short text which was lost until the 19th century, the Short Treatise on God, Man and his Well-Being. He offered an account of four kinds of knowledge in his Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect, but is better known for a book in five parts which considers the \"origin and nature of the affects\" and the \"power of the intellect, or human freedom.\" FTP, name this rationalist philosopher who used his \"geometric method\" to demonstrate the propositions of his Ethics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 226 ], [ 226, 373 ], [ 373, 531 ], [ 531, 785 ], [ 785, 902 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "cholesterol", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "According to a 2001 Science magazine report this molecule, which is bound to the protein apolipoprotein E, is the synapse-promoting signal released by the glial cells.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cholesterol", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508754", "qanta_id": 6658, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "According to a 2001 Science magazine report this molecule, which is bound to the protein apolipoprotein E, is the synapse-promoting signal released by the glial cells. In their 1985 Nobel lecture, Brown and Goldstein discussed a receptor-mediated pathway for the homeostasis of this bio-molecule. This molecule also decreases the rigidity of cellular membranes, especially at low temperatures. It is the common precursor of steroid hormones, and also forms crystals in gout and in gallstones with bile salts and phospholipids. Importantly, apolipoprotein E, phospholipids, and free forms of this molecule have been shown to bind low density lipoproteins, or LDL. FTP, name this lipid which is often associated with atherosclerosis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 296 ], [ 297, 395 ], [ 395, 527 ], [ 528, 664 ], [ 665, 733 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "neutron", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In 1992, a pair of Russian researchers proposed the use of grazing reflections off the walls of small glass capillaries to guide this particle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutron", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055087c9", "qanta_id": 6775, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "In 1992, a pair of Russian researchers proposed the use of grazing reflections off the walls of small glass capillaries to guide this particle. If it turns out to have a nonzero dipole moment, it would imply CPT violation, as both P and T would be violated. This lightest particle classified as having isospin -1/2 is taken by an isospin rotation into its stable partner. It is stable when in a bound state, but in a free state it undergoes beta decay with a lifetime of approximately fifteen minutes, emitting an electron antineutrino along with an electron and another baryon. Consisting of two down quarks and one up quark, for ten points, what is this particle, discovered by James Chadwick in 1937 as the neutral counterpart to the proton?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 257 ], [ 258, 371 ], [ 372, 578 ], [ 579, 744 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Carnival of the Animals", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The score for this piece asks the pianist to make mistakes in certain passages.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Carnival_of_the_Animals", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055087d4", "qanta_id": 6786, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "The score for this piece asks the pianist to make mistakes in certain passages. Modern performances use the glockenspiel rather than the glass harmonica, and this piece references Berlioz's Valse des Sylphes, Can-Can from Offenbach's Orpheus in the Underworld, the aria from Rossini's Barber of Serville, \"Ah vous dirais-je maman\", and even the same composer's Danse Macabre. With introduction verses by Ogden Nash, FTP, name this famous piece by Saint-Sa?s that features creatures as diverse as lions, elephants, kangaroos, and of course, the swan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 208 ], [ 209, 375 ], [ 376, 549 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Diels-Alder reaction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Both endo- and exo-attack occur in the LUMO during this reaction, in which one of the reactants must be able to take on the cisoid conformation; if it remains stuck in the transoid conformation, the reaction cannot occur.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diels\u2013Alder_reaction", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055087d8", "qanta_id": 6790, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Both endo- and exo-attack occur in the LUMO during this reaction, in which one of the reactants must be able to take on the cisoid conformation; if it remains stuck in the transoid conformation, the reaction cannot occur. Resulting from sigma-overlap of two pi orbitals, it can be viewed more generally as a [4+2] reaction because one reactant has 4 pi electrons and the other has 2 pi electrons. In its first use, its discoverers produced 1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride by reacting maleic anhydride with butadiene. FTP, name this reaction in which a certain kind of diene is reacted with a dienophile to produce an unsaturated six-membered ring, which earned its namesakes the 1950 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 221 ], [ 222, 396 ], [ 397, 524 ], [ 525, 717 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His widow, the painter Valetta Swann, finished his posthumously published Scientific Theory of Culture.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bronis\u0142aw_Malinowski", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055087d9", "qanta_id": 6791, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Anthropology", "text": "His widow, the painter Valetta Swann, finished his posthumously published Scientific Theory of Culture. He emphasized the importance of daily interaction with his subjects over structured interviews and was the first person to document the kula exchange of Papua New Guinea, while his studies in Melanesia and the Trobriand Islands led to his founding of the functionalist school. He also wrote the introduction to his student Jomo Kenyatta's Facing Mount Kenya. For 10 points, name this author of 1922's Argonauts of the Western Pacific.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 380 ], [ 381, 462 ], [ 463, 538 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Jack London", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this man's novels consists of the so-called \"Everhard Manuscript,\" which describes Ernest Everhard's struggle against the Oligarchs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jack_London", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055087dc", "qanta_id": 6794, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One of this man's novels consists of the so-called \"Everhard Manuscript,\" which describes Ernest Everhard's struggle against the Oligarchs. Another of his novels features Van Horn, a man who is killed by cannibals, after which the title character is trained to be a sentinel by the islanders who killed him. In addition to Jerry of the Islands, this man wrote about prehistoric man in Before Adam and about life in the slums of London in The People of the Abyss. Some of his stories were collected in South Sea Tales, while the collection Lost Face includes his \"To Build a Fire.\" FTP, name this American author who also wrote The Sea-Wolf and The Call of the Wild.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 307 ], [ 308, 462 ], [ 463, 580 ], [ 581, 665 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Sinclair Lewis", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote about the American hotel industry in his Work of Art, while a young actress is the subject of his novel Bethel Merriday.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sinclair_Lewis", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055087de", "qanta_id": 6796, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "He wrote about the American hotel industry in his Work of Art, while a young actress is the subject of his novel Bethel Merriday. Many of his readers were shocked by the sexual frankness of Cass Timberlane, while others were shocked by his novel about a man who discovers that he has African-American blood, Kingsblood Royal. He wrote about a retired automobile tycoon and his wife in his novel Dodsworth, and imagined a fascist takeover of the United States in It Can't Happen Here. FTP, name this American author who wrote about a physician, minister, and realtor in Arrowsmith, Elmer Gantry, and Babbit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 325 ], [ 326, 464 ], [ 465, 483 ], [ 484, 606 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Friedrich Nietzsche", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A book on this man \"and metaphor\" was written by Sarah Kofman, while this man's \"life as literature\" is the subject of a book by Alexander Nehamas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550880f", "qanta_id": 6845, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "A book on this man \"and metaphor\" was written by Sarah Kofman, while this man's \"life as literature\" is the subject of a book by Alexander Nehamas. Gilles Deleuze wrote a book about this man \"and philosophy,\" while important English-language books about him were written by Arthur Danto and R. J. Hollingdale. One of this man's books begins \"We remain unknown to ourselves, we seekers after knowledge\" and includes an essay asking \"What is the Meaning of Ascetic Ideals?\" and another about guilt, bad conscience, and related manners. This man's early works include essays \"On the Use and Disadvantage of History\" and on \"Schopenhauer as Educator\" collected in his Untimely Meditations, while later works include On the Genealogy of Morals. FTP, name this German philosopher of The Birth of Tragedy and Beyond Good and Evil.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 309 ], [ 310, 533 ], [ 534, 739 ], [ 740, 823 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "angular momentum", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As a quantum-mechanical operator, its eigenvalues are given by h-bar squared times its quantum number times the quantity that quantum number plus one and its eigenstates are given by spherical harmonics.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Angular_momentum", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550881a", "qanta_id": 6856, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "As a quantum-mechanical operator, its eigenvalues are given by h-bar squared times its quantum number times the quantity that quantum number plus one and its eigenstates are given by spherical harmonics. It is also obtained as the 2-form Noether charge associated with rotational invariance, with the consequence that its conservation does not hold for generally curved spacetimes. The derivative of this quantity with respect to time gives the torque, and Kepler's Second Law is one expression of its conservation. For ten points, identify this physical quantity, given in classical mechanics by the position vector crossed with the linear momentum vector.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 203 ], [ 204, 381 ], [ 382, 515 ], [ 516, 657 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Quetzalcoatl", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His twin brother was a god of lightning as well as a psychopomp, and guarded the sun during its nighttime journey through the underworld.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550881f", "qanta_id": 6861, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "His twin brother was a god of lightning as well as a psychopomp, and guarded the sun during its nighttime journey through the underworld. In one story, he has sex with a female relative after getting drunk on four draughts of pulque. He recreated mankind at the beginning of the Fifth Sun by sprinkling blood from his penis over a bone taken from Mictlan with the help of his twin brother Xolotl [shoh-LOH-tull]. He committed suicide, or departed on a raft of snakes, after being shamed by his rival, Tezcatlipoca. Often identified with the morning star, FTP, name this benevolent Aztec god, known as the Feathered Serpent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 233 ], [ 234, 412 ], [ 413, 514 ], [ 515, 623 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Ben Jonson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote that \"poets are far rarer births than kings\" at the beginning of a poem dedicated to Elizabeth, Countess of Rutland, while he claimed that \"Venus' ceston every line you make\" at the end of a sonnet \"to the most noble lady,\" Mary Wroth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ben_Jonson", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508821", "qanta_id": 6863, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "He wrote that \"poets are far rarer births than kings\" at the beginning of a poem dedicated to Elizabeth, Countess of Rutland, while he claimed that \"Venus' ceston every line you make\" at the end of a sonnet \"to the most noble lady,\" Mary Wroth. He wrote about a \"brave infant of Saguntum\" who crawled back into its mother's womb after seeing that the city had been destroyed in a Pindaric Ode \"to the immortal memory and friendship of that noble pair, Sir Lucius Cary and Sir Henry Morrison.\" His poem \"Slow, Slow, Fresh Fount\" came from his play Cynthia's Revels, and his other dramatic works include The Devil is an Ass and masques on Bartholomew Fair. FTP, name this Jacobean dramatist, the author of The Alchemist, Every Man in His Humour, and Volpone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 244 ], [ 245, 492 ], [ 493, 654 ], [ 655, 756 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Nighthawks", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Ted Rose did a watercolor \"Revisited\" version of this work into which he inserts an incredulous officer of the law with his white dog.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nighthawks", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508839", "qanta_id": 6887, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "Ted Rose did a watercolor \"Revisited\" version of this work into which he inserts an incredulous officer of the law with his white dog. In the upper left-hand corner of this painting one can see that the windows have their blinds halfway down, and the shops below are bare. Two large percolators sit on a counter toward the back next to a door with a window but no knob. The clothes of the people inside the all-night diner bring to mind the 1930s and early 40s, as well as the lettering which reveals the name of the \"lunch-counter\" as being Phillies. FTP, name this painting by Edward Hopper.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 272 ], [ 273, 369 ], [ 370, 551 ], [ 552, 593 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "feldspars", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Members of this group of framework minerals include the two-phase intermixture perthite and microcline.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Feldspar", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550884f", "qanta_id": 6909, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Earth Science", "text": "Members of this group of framework minerals include the two-phase intermixture perthite and microcline. Like halite and the pyroxenes, they exhibit two cleavages separated by about 90 degrees. One of the two major subgroups of these aluminosilicate minerals forms a continuous solid solution series with endmembers anorthite and albite, corresponding to calcium and sodium cations, respectively. Granite commonly contains large quantities of these minerals, which have a Mohs hardness of 6. FTP, name this group of minerals which includes orthoclase and plagioclase.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 192 ], [ 193, 395 ], [ 396, 490 ], [ 491, 566 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Fr??ic Chopin [or Fryderyk Franciszek Szopen]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Performer Vladimir von Pachmann devoted his entire career to playing this man's pieces, while John Field was one inspiration for his works and Cornel Wilde was nominated for an Oscar after portraying him in A Song to Remember.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric_Chopin", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550886f", "qanta_id": 6941, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Performer Vladimir von Pachmann devoted his entire career to playing this man's pieces, while John Field was one inspiration for his works and Cornel Wilde was nominated for an Oscar after portraying him in A Song to Remember. After studying music theory under Joseph Elsner, his notable works included the Berceuse, the Ballade in G Minor and the Fantaisie-Impromptu. His Barcarolle and Ballade in A-flat Major were written at Nohant after leaving Majorca. FTP, name this composer of 21 nocturnes, 55 mazurkas, and 6 polonaises, a prolific French-dwelling piano composer from Poland.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 226 ], [ 227, 368 ], [ 369, 457 ], [ 458, 584 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Bertolt Brecht", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author asked \"wouldn't it be simpler if the government simply dissolved the people and elected another?\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertolt_Brecht", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508894", "qanta_id": 6978, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author asked \"wouldn't it be simpler if the government simply dissolved the people and elected another?\" in \"The Solution\" and followed up a major success with the sub-par Happy End. He worked on the Hollywood screenplay for Hangmen Also Die, while other works include the poetry collection Hauspostille. He achieved some popularity with The Measures Taken and Drums in the Night, but he had even more success with works like Saint Joan of the Stockyards, The Good Person of Setzuan and The Caucasian Chalk Circle. Known for a notable collaboration with Kurt Weill and for Mother Courage and Her Children, FTP name this German father of Epic Theater and author of The Threepenny Opera.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 187 ], [ 188, 237 ], [ 238, 309 ], [ 310, 460 ], [ 461, 519 ], [ 520, 690 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Kurt Vonnegut", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's stories, a \"nothinghead\" named Billy the Poet refuses to take his \"ethical birth control pills,\" and rapes Suicide Hostess Nancy McLuhan even though she's a six-foot-tall karate expert.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kurt_Vonnegut", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055088cb", "qanta_id": 7033, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one of this man's stories, a \"nothinghead\" named Billy the Poet refuses to take his \"ethical birth control pills,\" and rapes Suicide Hostess Nancy McLuhan even though she's a six-foot-tall karate expert. In addition to \"Welcome to the Monkey House,\" this author has written about a man whose wife killed herself by drinking Drano and whose son is a gay pianist working at a Holiday Inn cocktail lounge. That character, Dwayne Hoover, sells Pontiacs in Fairchild Heights before going insane and biting a finger off a famous writer's hand. This man wrote about the spy Howard Campbell in Mother Night and about the writer who created Tralfamadore in Breakfast of Champions. FTP, name this author of a book about Billy Pilgrim, Slaughterhouse Five.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 405 ], [ 406, 540 ], [ 541, 674 ], [ 675, 748 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Abraham Harold Maslow", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He dropped out of law school and married his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, before yoinking part of his major theory from The Organism by Kurt Goldstein.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Abraham_Maslow", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055088d6", "qanta_id": 7044, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Psychology", "text": "He dropped out of law school and married his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, before yoinking part of his major theory from The Organism by Kurt Goldstein. He believed that a person's \"philosophy of the future\" provides insight into their potential for resisting enculturation, being reality-centered, and being problem-centered, as part of a theory that he developed after noticing that monkeys seek drink before food. He explained his major contribution in Motivation and Personality and Toward a Psychology of Being. FTP, name this humanistic psychologist who posited that self-actualization is at the top of the hierarchy of needs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 416 ], [ 417, 516 ], [ 517, 632 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Cherenkov radiation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It can generated in periodic materials via the Smith-Purcell effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cherenkov_radiation", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055088dd", "qanta_id": 7051, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "It can generated in periodic materials via the Smith-Purcell effect. This phenomenon is exploited in the Sudbury and Super-Kamiokande detectors, where it is generated by interactions with passing neutrinos. The cosine of its opening angle is given by one over the refractive index times the beta factor. It produces an intensity proportional to frequency, explaining its characteristic blue color seen in water, which is often used as the medium for this effect. For ten points, identify this electromagnetic analogue of the sonic boom which results when a particle passes through a medium faster than the local speed of light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 206 ], [ 207, 303 ], [ 304, 462 ], [ 463, 627 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Gioacchino Rossini", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His Petite Messe Solennelle for twelve voices was written shortly before his death and other works of his include The Sins of Old Age, a collection of thirteen volumes of vocal and instrumental music.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gioachino_Rossini", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055088e4", "qanta_id": 7058, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "His Petite Messe Solennelle for twelve voices was written shortly before his death and other works of his include The Sins of Old Age, a collection of thirteen volumes of vocal and instrumental music. Known primarily for opera, he achieved wide acclaim for an opera based on a Voltaire work, Tancredi. Because of public demand, he wrote an alternative \"happy ending\" for his Otello and his writing style gained him the nickname \"Monsieur Crescendo.\" Other successes included Elisabetta and The Italian Girl in Algiers. A later visit to Vienna ended with a benefit where he joined the crowd in singing his \"Largo al factotum\" from his most famous opera. FTP, identify this opera composer who stopped writing opera at the age of 37 after completing William Tell and who is best known for The Barber of Seville.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 301 ], [ 302, 449 ], [ 450, 518 ], [ 519, 652 ], [ 653, 808 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "John Donne", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He gained the king's favor with a satirical attack on the Jesuits entitled Ignatius His Conclave.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Donne", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca9055088e5", "qanta_id": 7059, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "He gained the king's favor with a satirical attack on the Jesuits entitled Ignatius His Conclave. He fell out of favor with his first patron, Sir Thomas Egerton, after marrying a young girl who was Egerton's ward, Ann Moore. The death of the daughter of another of his patrons, Robert Drury, led to the writing of \"The Progress of the Soul\" and \"The First Anniversary,\" though he is better known for early poems such as \"The Bait\" and \"The Good Morrow,\" which appear in his volume Songs and Sonnets. FTP, name this poet of \"The Canonization\" whose Holy Sonnets include the injunction \"Death be not proud.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 224 ], [ 225, 499 ], [ 500, 605 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Hamiltonian", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "For a charged particle, this function includes the square of the difference of the momentum and e over c times the vector potential.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics)", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508910", "qanta_id": 7102, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "For a charged particle, this function includes the square of the difference of the momentum and e over c times the vector potential. Any quantity whose Poisson bracket or commutator with it is zero is also a constant of the motion, and in quantum mechanics, the eigenvalues of this operator are the allowed energies. Equal to the Legendre transform of the Lagrangian, FTP name this function named for the inventor of quaternions, who also lends his name to closed circuits that touch each node of a graph once.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 316 ], [ 317, 510 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Claude Debussy", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man composed a series of preludes for piano whose titles include \"Wind over the Plains,\" \"Homage to Samuel Pickwick,\" and \"The Girl with the Flaxen Hair.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550891a", "qanta_id": 7112, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This man composed a series of preludes for piano whose titles include \"Wind over the Plains,\" \"Homage to Samuel Pickwick,\" and \"The Girl with the Flaxen Hair.\" His works for piano include Estampes, In Black and White, and The Children's Corner, and he composed an opera set in the mythical kingdom of Allemonde, based on Maurice Maeterlinck's P?leas and M?lisande. FTP, name this French Impressionist composer, best known for his orchestral works La Mer and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, as well as his Suite Bergamasque, which contains \"Clair de lune.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 197 ], [ 198, 364 ], [ 365, 559 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Fibonacci numbers or sequence", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Matiyasevich showed that these can be defined by a Diophantine equation, leading to a proof of the insolubility of Hilbert's tenth problem. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fibonacci_number", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508977", "qanta_id": 7205, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "Matiyasevich showed that these can be defined by a Diophantine equation, leading to a proof of the insolubility of Hilbert's tenth problem. They have a generating function of \"x over quantity 1 minus x minus x squared\" and Euclid's algorithm for the greatest common factors has its worst run time when the entries are successive terms of these numbers, so, in that sense, the most irrational number is the golden mean, to which the ratio of successive members of these converges. FTP, name this sequence created to model multiplication of rabbits and having as its first few terms 1, 1, 2, 3, 5.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 141, 483 ], [ 483, 598 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Charlemagne", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Weber's opera Oberon, he provides the impetus for the slaying of Babekan and marriage of Rezia to Huon. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca90550897e", "qanta_id": 7212, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In Weber's opera Oberon, he provides the impetus for the slaying of Babekan and marriage of Rezia to Huon. His son Chariot uses a chessboard to kill the son of Ogier the Dane. Historically, the Basques ambushed the rear guard of his army at Roncesvalles, where his legendary nephew was killed. FTP, identify this man who brought the scholarly monk Alcuin to his court and who in the chansons de geste was surrounded by twelve men, including Malagigi the Enchanter, Florismart, and Roland.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 108, 178 ], [ 178, 297 ], [ 297, 491 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "The Iceman Cometh", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Near the beginning of Act 3, Chuck comes in to get a sherry flip for Cora prior to their wedding, after which they plan on moving to a farm in Jersey. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Iceman_Cometh", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508a0f", "qanta_id": 7357, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Near the beginning of Act 3, Chuck comes in to get a sherry flip for Cora prior to their wedding, after which they plan on moving to a farm in Jersey. Cecil Lewis and Pier Wetjoen knew each other during the Boer War, and spend much of the play slinging good-natured insults at each other. The most recent arrival is Don Parritt, whose hatred of his mother led him to sell out the Movement. Set during the summer of 1912 in a Raines-Law hotel which was permitted to serve liquor thanks to a loophole in the law, it also features a one-time Syndicalist-Anarchist and a hardware salesman who murdered his wife. FTP, name this play set at Harry Hope's saloon, which features Larry Slade and Hickey, a work by Eugene O'Neill.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 152, 291 ], [ 291, 393 ], [ 393, 612 ], [ 612, 724 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Turandot", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Before this work was written the composer's teacher at the Milan conservatory, Antonio Bazzini, wrote an opera based on the same play. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Turandot", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508a24", "qanta_id": 7378, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Before this work was written the composer's teacher at the Milan conservatory, Antonio Bazzini, wrote an opera based on the same play. In Act 2, the title character sings the aria \"Within This Palace,\" in which she tells about one of her ancestors who thousands of years earlier was betrayed by a man who conquered her city. In order to avenge that betrayal, she invents a test which involves questions about a phantom, a fever, and an ice that sets you on fire. In the third and final act, the blind king of Tartary Timur refuses to reveal a secret, after which his slave girl Liu is tortured and stabs herself to death. In that act, the aria \"Nessun dorma\" is sung by Calaf, who wins the titular princess of China. FTP, name this 1926 opera, which was left unfinished at his death by Giacomo Puccini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 136, 182 ], [ 182, 327 ], [ 327, 466 ], [ 466, 626 ], [ 626, 722 ], [ 722, 807 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Tamerlane (or: Timur lenk)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He ousted Ilyas-Khoja and Tughlugh, the Jagataite khans of the Ili River region. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Timur", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508a80", "qanta_id": 7470, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "He ousted Ilyas-Khoja and Tughlugh, the Jagataite khans of the Ili River region. A duumvirate formed with his brother-in-law, Mir Husain, proved short-lived, as he assassinated Husain after besieging the city of Balkh to secure his control over the rebellious Afghans. Successive victories followed over Mogholistan, the Kipchak khanate, and the Egyptian Mamlukes. After capturing the Ottoman sultan Bayezid the Lightning-bolt at Ankara, he massacred the Knights of Rhodes at Smyrna. Vowing to undertake the conquest and conversion to Islam of Ming China, he died of disease near Otrar before his departure. FTP, name this Central Asian leader, whose warlike exploits inspired a blank verse drama by Christopher Marlowe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 82, 269 ], [ 270, 367 ], [ 367, 485 ], [ 486, 611 ], [ 611, 723 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "The {Magnetic Fields}", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of their works mentions an astronomer named Tom, a professor named Vernon, and a man named Andy who would bicycle across town in the rain to bring a woman candy, all of whom are upstaged by someone who is lucky enough to have a car. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Magnetic_field", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508acc", "qanta_id": 7546, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Pop Culture", "text": "One of their works mentions an astronomer named Tom, a professor named Vernon, and a man named Andy who would bicycle across town in the rain to bring a woman candy, all of whom are upstaged by someone who is lucky enough to have a car. In another of their works, a musical instrument is offered its own car and reminded that it could have belonged to Steve Earle, Charo or Gwar. In yet another, a self-proclaimed \"great composer\" loses his composure and shoots Ferdinand de Saussure. The speaker of an earlier work remarks that she has a mandolin that makes her want to kill herself, and goes to a park where she sees 100,000 fireflies. This group's early albums include The Charm of the Highway Strip and Holiday, while the title of every song on their most recent album begins with the letter \"i.\" However, they are best known for a work in three volumes, each of which contains 23 songs. FTP, name this musical group led by Stephin Merritt, best known for 69 Love Songs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 238 ], [ 238, 382 ], [ 382, 488 ], [ 488, 642 ], [ 642, 806 ], [ 806, 898 ], [ 898, 980 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Kenzaburo Oe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His first published story was about a college student who works part-time killing dogs to be used in experiments. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenzabur\u014d_\u014ce", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508ade", "qanta_id": 7564, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "His first published story was about a college student who works part-time killing dogs to be used in experiments. At the end of another of his stories, Clerk is cremated along with the black soldier who had been captured by the people of a village. In addition to \"An Odd Job\" and \"Prize Stock,\" he has written a story about a fat man who nearly went mad after nearly being thrown to a polar bear, as well as a story about a man dying of liver cancer who likes to sing \"Happy Days Are Here Again.\" In one of his novels, the protagonist's wife is driven to suicide by his homosexual adventures, after which he discovers the joy of ejaculating against young girls on the subway. In another of his novels, Bird nearly goes to Africa with his mistress before returning to the deformed baby whom he had tried to kill. Another novel was originally called Sorrow in the Year 1860, and depicts a young man who goes to the village of his youth after becoming the father of a retarded child. FTP, name this author of Teach Us To Outgrow Our Madness, A Personal Matter, and The Silent Cry.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 115, 251 ], [ 251, 482 ], [ 483, 501 ], [ 501, 681 ], [ 681, 818 ], [ 818, 988 ], [ 988, 1084 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "the clarinet", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "According to Charles Burney, its first use in an opera came in Johann Christian Bach's Orione. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Clarinet", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508b16", "qanta_id": 7620, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "According to Charles Burney, its first use in an opera came in Johann Christian Bach's Orione. Two pioneering concertoes for it were written by F. X. Pokorny, while an early set of six concertoes for it was written by J. M. Molter. Max Reger wrote three sonatas for this instrument and piano, a combination also employed in Schumann's Opus 73, a set of three \"fantasy pieces.\" Heinrich Baermann inspired Carl Maria von Weber to write two concertoes for it, while Hermstedt was the original soloist in the four concertoes for it by Louis Spohr. One of its early virtuosi was Anton Stadler, for whom the \"Kegelstatt Trio\" was composed by Mozart. More recent performers include Gervase de Payer, for whom Thea Musgrave wrote a concerto, and a man for whom Copland's concerto and Bartok's Contrasts were written. FTP, name this musical instrument, whose noted performers include Woody Herman, Artie Shaw, and Benny Goodman.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 96, 234 ], [ 234, 380 ], [ 380, 548 ], [ 548, 649 ], [ 649, 815 ], [ 815, 925 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Fibonacci numbers", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Used to prove that there is no general method for solving Diophantine equations, methods for computing them include Cassini's identity, Binet's formula, and determining how many ways there are to tile a 2-by-n strip with 1-by-2 rectangles. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fibonacci_number", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508c38", "qanta_id": 7910, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "Used to prove that there is no general method for solving Diophantine equations, methods for computing them include Cassini's identity, Binet's formula, and determining how many ways there are to tile a 2-by-n strip with 1-by-2 rectangles. One may also expand their generating function: f-of-x equals x divided by 1 minus x minus x-squared, or sum the shallow diagonals of Pascal's triangle to compute, FTP, what sequence of numbers, whose first five members are 1, 1, 2, 3, 5?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 241 ], [ 241, 478 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Diedrich Knickerbocker", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A magazine with his name was published by Lewis and Willis Clark from 1833-1865. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Washington_Irving", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508c61", "qanta_id": 7951, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "A magazine with his name was published by Lewis and Willis Clark from 1833-1865. As a scholar, his historical researches lay with men, and especially their wives, \"rich in that legendary lore so invaluable to true history,\" which he eventually compiled into a chronicle featuring such men as \"Walter the Doubter\" and \"William the Testy.\" That chronicle was his history of New York during the reign of the Dutch governors. FTP, name this man whose name became synonymous with New Yorkers and the knee breeches they wore, a creation of Washington Irving.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 82, 340 ], [ 340, 425 ], [ 425, 555 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Battle of Gettysburg", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This battle's end featured a little known skirmish that involved George Custer's cavalry forces on Cress Ridge. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Gettysburg", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508c88", "qanta_id": 7990, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This battle's end featured a little known skirmish that involved George Custer's cavalry forces on Cress Ridge. It included the mortal wounding of General Barksdale and began when Harry Heth's troops stumbled onto those of John Buford. Oddly, the corps of Confederate general Richard Ewell had to march south to reach the battlefield. The second day saw a fight for the Peach Orchard but more famously, Longstreet's delaying on the right combined with Joshua Chamberlain's stout defense allowed Little Round Top to hold. FTP, name this victory for George Meade over Robert E. Lee, a three-day battle in July 1863 that saw Pickett's charge and was the turning point of the Civil War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 113, 238 ], [ 238, 338 ], [ 338, 525 ], [ 525, 686 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "ferromagnetism", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Barkhausen Effect is a series of minute jumps in this property. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ferromagnetism", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508cb9", "qanta_id": 8039, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The Barkhausen Effect is a series of minute jumps in this property. It is believed to be caused by fields generated by electron spins in combination with a mechanism known as exchange coupling. Substances exhibit this property below the Curie temperature, and most substances that exhibit it are divided into regions known as domains. FTP, identify this retention of a magnetic moment even when the external magnetic field is reduced to zero, so-named because of its presence in iron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 69, 196 ], [ 196, 338 ], [ 338, 487 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Gerard Manley Hopkins", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He concluded that \"This Jack, joke, poor potsherd, patch, matchwood, immortal diamond, is immortal diamond\" in \"That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gerard_Manley_Hopkins", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508cc4", "qanta_id": 8050, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "He concluded that \"This Jack, joke, poor potsherd, patch, matchwood, immortal diamond, is immortal diamond\" in \"That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire.\" In a poem \"to a young child,\" he asked M?gar? if she was \"grieving over Goldengrove unleaving,\" while he wrote that \"there lives the dearest freshness deep down things\" in \"God's Grandeur.\" FTP, name this British poet who also praised God for dappled things in \"Pied Beauty\" and caught this morning morning's minion in \"The Windhover.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 149, 194 ], [ 195, 340 ], [ 340, 485 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Las Meninas (accept early buzz of Maids of Honor)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The interplay of separately lit spaces, in the foreground versus the background, was anticipated by the artist's earlier painting The Tapestry Weavers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Las_Meninas", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508d01", "qanta_id": 8111, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "The interplay of separately lit spaces, in the foreground versus the background, was anticipated by the artist's earlier painting The Tapestry Weavers. The pairing of the nun and man-servant on the right of the canvas parallels the shadowy and silvery depiction of the royal couple in the center. Two large Ruben-like paintings hang above the scene as a young boy threatens to kick a contented looking dog and a painter tries to work in his studio. But the most enigmatic parts of the painting are the man in the open doorway in the background and the dwarf whose pose echoes that of the Infanta. FTP, identify this 1656 depiction of \"The Maids of Honor\" by Velazquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 298 ], [ 298, 451 ], [ 451, 600 ], [ 600, 671 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Cherenkov radiation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Particle detectors that utilize this effect can emit pulses with widths as low as 10-10 (read: 10 to the minus 10) seconds and can be used in time-of-flight measurements. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cherenkov_radiation", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508d03", "qanta_id": 8113, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Particle detectors that utilize this effect can emit pulses with widths as low as 10-10 (read: 10 to the minus 10) seconds and can be used in time-of-flight measurements. The angle of emission is related to the speed of light and the index of refraction of the medium, and measuring the angle can determine the particle's speed. Discovered by Frank and Tamm and predicted by its namesake, FTP, identify this effect where a blue light is emitted from a particle when it passes into a medium at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 172, 329 ], [ 330, 549 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Sir Edward Elgar", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In his earlier years, he was inspired by a visit to Alassio for his overture", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508d20", "qanta_id": 8142, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "In his earlier years, he was inspired by a visit to Alassio for his overture In the South, and he paid homage to a medieval historian in his Froissart Overture. Major successes included his Imperial March and a four-part work, whose first part, \"Land of Hope and Glory,\" would become his nation's unofficial second national anthem. Another major piece was a fourteen-part collection that depicted numerous friends of his, and contained such cryptically titled movements as \"C.A.E.\" and \"Nimrod.\" FTP, name this British composer of the Enigma Variations and the Pomp and Circumstance marches.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 162 ], [ 162, 334 ], [ 334, 499 ], [ 499, 594 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Prague Spring.", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its single most enduring image was arguably the self-immolation of Jan Palach.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prague_Spring", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508d3a", "qanta_id": 8168, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Its single most enduring image was arguably the self-immolation of Jan Palach. Its leader tried to defend it in the conference at Cierna by making minor compromises. Facilitated by the resignation of Antonin Novotny as first secretary, it officially came to an end with the appointment of Gustav Hasak although it had practically been ended the previous August by an invasion of Warsaw Pact members. FTP, identify this period of liberal communist reform in 1969 initiated by Aleksandr Dubcek in Czechoslovakia during the namesake season.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 167 ], [ 167, 402 ], [ 402, 539 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Quetzalcoatl", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one myth he created humans by pounding bones from the underworld into a meal and mixing it with blood from a wound in his penis. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508d70", "qanta_id": 8222, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "In one myth he created humans by pounding bones from the underworld into a meal and mixing it with blood from a wound in his penis. In another he burned himself to death after which his heart became the planet Venus and he became known as 'Lord of the Dawn.\" A bearer of culture, early missionaries believed he was actually the disciple Thomas. In the most famous myth about him he is exiled from Tula and departs on a raft of serpents after being tricked into committing incest by his enemy Tezcatlipoca. FTP, name this Aztec feathered-serpent god whom Hernando Cortes was mistaken for.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 133, 261 ], [ 261, 348 ], [ 348, 510 ], [ 510, 591 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Shinto or kami no michi or kannagara no michi", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This religion was revived during the National Learning movement of the 18th and 19th centuries. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shinto", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508d74", "qanta_id": 8226, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "This religion was revived during the National Learning movement of the 18th and 19th centuries. Its cosmology posits a three-tiered universe that consists of \"The Plain of High Heaven,\" \"The Manifested World,\" and \"The Netherworld.\" Although it has no sacred texts it highly values the 8th century histories Kojiki and Nihonshoki. Divided into Shrine, Sect, and New Sect varieties, its name literally means \"way of the gods.\" FTP, name this religion centered on the worship of Kami, the indigenous religion of Japan", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 97, 235 ], [ 235, 334 ], [ 334, 430 ], [ 430, 519 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "superconductivity (prompt on \"superconductors\")", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "To exhibit this property, phosphorus must be compressed at a pressure of two and a half megabars. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Superconductivity", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508d87", "qanta_id": 8245, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "To exhibit this property, phosphorus must be compressed at a pressure of two and a half megabars. Two types of devices use this property, one of which was not verified until after the Meissner effect was discovered. Of the elements exhibiting the other type, lead does so at the highest temperature. Some materials with this property have limits on the amount of magnetic field in which they can be to exhibit it, while others work by trapping a magnetic field. FTP, what is this property in which a material loses all electrical resistance?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 99, 218 ], [ 218, 303 ], [ 303, 466 ], [ 466, 545 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "The Metamorphosis", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This work's contempt for the protagonist's colleagues was drawn from the author's time at the Workmen's Accident Insurance Institute. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Metamorphosis", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508d88", "qanta_id": 8246, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This work's contempt for the protagonist's colleagues was drawn from the author's time at the Workmen's Accident Insurance Institute. A common motif is the central family's search for a maid who won't quit, though the family ironically decides to fire a maid at the end of the story, which also sees the family take a tram trip to the country. The protagonist had intended to announce his intentions to finance his sister Grete's violin education at the Conservatory, but in his present state he can bring in no money. FTP, the unique transformation of Gregor Samsa is the subject of what Franz Kafka short story?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 135, 347 ], [ 347, 523 ], [ 523, 617 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Zen Buddhism", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This school greatly influenced Geido and the aesthetic principles of shibui, yugen, and ma. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zen", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508d8a", "qanta_id": 8248, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "This school greatly influenced Geido and the aesthetic principles of shibui, yugen, and ma. One of its later developed sects, Obuku, appropriated from the Jodo school the invocation of the Amida or nembutsu. The Shobogenzo is a work attributed to Dogen the founder of the its Soto sect while its other sect, Rinzai, emphasizes the use of koans. Eschewing religious scriptures, it advocates a personal transmission of methods of illumination from master to student. FTP, identify this school of Mahayana Buddhism widespread in Japan and now often associated with Phil Jackson.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 93, 211 ], [ 211, 349 ], [ 349, 470 ], [ 470, 580 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Margaret Mead", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "While in college she was head of a science and social group known as the \"Ash Can Cats.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508da6", "qanta_id": 8276, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Anthropology", "text": "While in college she was head of a science and social group known as the \"Ash Can Cats.\" She worked with the American Museum of Natural History for 52 years, during which time she wrote A Rap on Race with James Baldwin. Other works of hers include Culture and Commitment and Male and Female and her autobiography, Blackberry Winter. But she may still be best known for her first work, an analysis of adolescence and sex in Oceania. FTP, name this anthropologist and author of Coming of Age in Samoa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 90, 222 ], [ 222, 336 ], [ 336, 436 ], [ 436, 503 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "The Tin Drum or Die Blechtrommel", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a symbolic section of this book, eels swarm over the rotting head of a horse and toy shop owner Sigismund Markus is ejected from a cemetery. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508da8", "qanta_id": 8278, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In a symbolic section of this book, eels swarm over the rotting head of a horse and toy shop owner Sigismund Markus is ejected from a cemetery. The sight of a moth flapping its wings against a light bulb becomes the protagonist's \"master,\" and he later paints \"Madonna 49,\" meets the \"musical clown\" Bebra, possibly fathers Maria Truczinski's child, leads \"the dusters,\" and tricks his father into committing suicide by swallowing a Nazi Party membership badge. The narrator is long the size of a three year old and wields an intolerable scream whenever he is separated from the title object. FTP, name this story of Oskar Matzerath, the first novel of the Danzig trilogy by G?nter Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 145, 464 ], [ 464, 596 ], [ 596, 691 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "August Strindberg", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Late in his career he teamed with August Falck to establish the Intimate Theater Company, for which he wrote a series of \"Chamber Plays.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "August_Strindberg", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508df4", "qanta_id": 8354, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Late in his career he teamed with August Falck to establish the Intimate Theater Company, for which he wrote a series of \"Chamber Plays.\" His autobiographical Confessions of a Fool and The Son of a Servant detail the trial for blasphemy that fiction like Married and The People of Hemso forced him to endure. Though he wrote historical dramas like Master Olaf, Erik XIV, and the Damascus trilogy he is best known for domestic works including Sir Bengt's Wife, Comrades, and Dance of Death. FTP, identify this Swedish author best known for The Father and Miss Julie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 139, 311 ], [ 311, 493 ], [ 493, 568 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Constantin Brancusi", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His plan to build himself a temple in which to house his works fell through when the Maharajah of Indore died.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508df7", "qanta_id": 8357, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "His plan to build himself a temple in which to house his works fell through when the Maharajah of Indore died. Always inspired by animal life his works include Flying Turtle and various versions of The Sea Lions. His later works include the enormous Endless Column and Table of Silence, both of which are on display in Tirgu Jiu's public garden. His Beginning of the World is representative of his use of fluid, ovoid shapes. Important works in this style include Sleeping Muse and Mademoiselle Pogany. But he is most famous for a 1912 work made of bronze that was originally named Maiastra. FTP, identify this apprentice of Rodin who created Bird in Space.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 212 ], [ 213, 345 ], [ 346, 425 ], [ 426, 504 ], [ 504, 592 ], [ 593, 658 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "quartz", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A major constituent of granite pegmatites and the most common gangue mineral in hydrothermal and metal-bearing veins, it is easily recognizable from its characteristic hexagonal shape, usually terminated in positive or negative rhombehedrons. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quartz", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508e02", "qanta_id": 8368, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Earth Science", "text": "A major constituent of granite pegmatites and the most common gangue mineral in hydrothermal and metal-bearing veins, it is easily recognizable from its characteristic hexagonal shape, usually terminated in positive or negative rhombehedrons. The beta form of this tectosilicate forms at high temperatures, and all forms have formula SiO2. FTP, name this common mineral, the definition of 7 on Mohs hardness scale, and having varieties amethyst, milky, and rose.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 244 ], [ 244, 342 ], [ 342, 464 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Faust", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Act Three of this work, a female character sings a song about the king of Thule, but her mind keeps straying back to the title figure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Faust", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508e2d", "qanta_id": 8411, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "In Act Three of this work, a female character sings a song about the king of Thule, but her mind keeps straying back to the title figure. Siebel is finally able to leave unwilted flowers at her door by dipping his hands in holy water, but the woman barely notices them next to the box of baubles left by another, at which point she sings the Jewel Song. In Act Four, the woman's brother Valentin challenges the title figure to a duel for impregnating his sister, but Valentin is of course no match for his opponent, who has a lot of help. In Act Five, the title character demands to see Marguerite on Walpurgis Night, and a band of angels prevents Mephistopheles from taking her to hell. FTP, name this opera about a man who makes a pact with the devil, a work by Charles Gounod.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 355 ], [ 355, 541 ], [ 541, 691 ], [ 691, 782 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Australia", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A 1975 constitutional crisis resulted from its bicameral parliamentary system, in which the Government is formed in the House of Representatives but the Senate can block supply, and from the fact that it is not a republic. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Australia", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508e4d", "qanta_id": 8443, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "A 1975 constitutional crisis resulted from its bicameral parliamentary system, in which the Government is formed in the House of Representatives but the Senate can block supply, and from the fact that it is not a republic. After the Senate rejected Prime Minister Gough [GOFF] Whitlam's budget, Whitlam was dismissed by the Queen's representative, Governor-General John Kerr. FTP, what federation of 6 states and 2 territories, now led by Prime Minister John Howard, is the world's 6th-largest country and smallest continent?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 224 ], [ 224, 378 ], [ 378, 527 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Daniel Defoe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Though his elaborate attempt at breeding civet cats for profit failed miserably, his interest in economic improvement can be seen in early works like An Essay Upon Projects.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Daniel_Defoe", "proto_id": "54769910ea23cca905508e63", "qanta_id": 8465, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Though his elaborate attempt at breeding civet cats for profit failed miserably, his interest in economic improvement can be seen in early works like An Essay Upon Projects. His column the \"Scandal Club\" appeared in the newspaper he founded, The Review, at around the same time that he worked on stories like The Apparition of One Mrs. Veal. His mock-Pindaric ode Hymn to the Pillory was composed after he was imprisoned for the first time in response to his pamphlet The Shortest Way with Dissenters. But he didn't publish his best-known works until he was sixty; this included novels like Duncan Campbell, Captain Singleton, and A Journal of the Plague Year. FTP identify this sometime spy whose most famous works include Roxana, Moll Flanders, and Robinson Crusoe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 341 ], [ 342, 501 ], [ 502, 660 ], [ 661, 767 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Great Expectations", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Important settings in this novel include a prison ship known as \"the Hulks\" and Satis House, while the gallery of comic minor characters features the histrionic Wopsle, the eccentric clerk Wemmick, and the pompous imposter Pumblechook.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Great_Expectations", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905508ec2", "qanta_id": 8560, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Important settings in this novel include a prison ship known as \"the Hulks\" and Satis House, while the gallery of comic minor characters features the histrionic Wopsle, the eccentric clerk Wemmick, and the pompous imposter Pumblechook. The protagonist sees the woman he loves mistreated by his enemy, Bentley Drummle, who dies an early death. After learning loyalty and humility while in London living on an allowance of Able Magwitch, he marries Miss Havisham's ward, Estella. FTP, what is this novel about Philip Pirrip by Charles Dickens?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 235 ], [ 236, 342 ], [ 343, 477 ], [ 478, 541 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "ferromagnetism", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Substances exhibiting it can be analyzed by polishing the surface with an appropriate colloidal suspension, producing Bitter patterns. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ferromagnetism", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905508ec7", "qanta_id": 8565, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Substances exhibiting it can be analyzed by polishing the surface with an appropriate colloidal suspension, producing Bitter patterns. These patterns provide evidence for the \"domain\" theory explaining this property, as does the Barkhausen effect, which holds that it increases in a series of minute jumps as the applied magnetic field is increased. Occurring below the Curie point, FTP, what is this property seen in elements like cobalt, nickel, and iron, in which substances are magnetized by weak magnetic fields?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 136, 350 ], [ 351, 518 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Bertrand Russell", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He was imprisoned late in his life in Whitehall as a member of the Committee of 100.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905508ed8", "qanta_id": 8582, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "He was imprisoned late in his life in Whitehall as a member of the Committee of 100. After a visit to Russia he published his critical Theory and Practice of Bolshevism, while works like Education and the Social Order sprang from his experience at the Beacon Hill school. After publishing his first book, German Social Democracy, this philosopher began a long career whose output includes The ABC of Relativity, Religion and Science, and Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits. But he is best known for formulating the theories \"of types\" and \"of descriptions\" in early works like The Problems of Philosophy and Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy. FTP identify this man whose marriage problems may overshadow his co-authorship of Principia Mathematica with Whitehead.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 271 ], [ 272, 476 ], [ 477, 651 ], [ 652, 771 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "echinodermata or echinoderms", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Along with the chordates and two minor phyla, this phylum's members are deuterostomes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Echinoderm", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905508edd", "qanta_id": 8587, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Along with the chordates and two minor phyla, this phylum's members are deuterostomes. Their nervous systems consists of central nerve rings, while its vascular system consists of a madreporite through which fluid enters, the stone canal, the ring canal, and the radial canals. Other salient features include ampullae which, upon contracting, extend out another feature, the tube feet. FTP, name this phylum whose members are radially symmetric and whose members include sand dollars, sea urchins, and starfish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 277 ], [ 278, 387 ], [ 387, 512 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "La Traviata", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "al highlights of this opera include the duet \"Libiamo,\" sung by the two principal characters at a party given by one of them, and the aria \"Di Provenza il mar,\" sung to the male lead by his father, who is trying to get him to come back home so that his sister can get married.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "La_traviata", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905508eef", "qanta_id": 8605, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "al highlights of this opera include the duet \"Libiamo,\" sung by the two principal characters at a party given by one of them, and the aria \"Di Provenza il mar,\" sung to the male lead by his father, who is trying to get him to come back home so that his sister can get married. Alfredo has up to that point been doing a lot of singing about how much he loves living with the title character in spite of her sketchy past. Violetta the courtesan sings awfully loud for someone who dies of TB at the end of, for 10 points, what opera by Verdi whose title means \"the fallen woman.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 276 ], [ 277, 419 ], [ 420, 576 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Constantine", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The third led a revolt based in Britain and was briefly recognized by Honorius before being suppressed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantine_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905508ef3", "qanta_id": 8609, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Ancient", "text": "The third led a revolt based in Britain and was briefly recognized by Honorius before being suppressed. The second died in a civil war with his similarly-named brothers. The fifth was nicknamed Copronymus and continued the iconoclastic policies of his father Leo II. The last was the eleventh and was also the last emperor of Byzantium. All these men shared their name with, for 10 points, what emperor who fought Licinius and Maxentius on his way to becoming the first Christian Roman emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 169 ], [ 170, 266 ], [ 267, 336 ], [ 337, 494 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "liver", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Sufferers of Caroli disease often show symptoms of vomiting because of this organ's enlargement, while receiving a transplant of healthy one improved the condition of some sufferers of Criggler-Najjar syndrome. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905508f04", "qanta_id": 8626, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Sufferers of Caroli disease often show symptoms of vomiting because of this organ's enlargement, while receiving a transplant of healthy one improved the condition of some sufferers of Criggler-Najjar syndrome. Cavernous hemangiomata are the most common type of tumor found in it, while steatosis is caused by the accumulation of fat in its major component cells, and is a common condition among the obese and alcoholics. FTP, name this organ, whose more common disorders include cirrhosis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 212, 422 ], [ 423, 491 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Nernst Equation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Given the definition of partial current densities, this equation is derived from empirical considerations by considering the energy at which the partial currents are equal are equal; the same empirical equation substituted with the reversible potential yields the Butler-Volmer equation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nernst_equation", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905508fbf", "qanta_id": 8813, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Given the definition of partial current densities, this equation is derived from empirical considerations by considering the energy at which the partial currents are equal are equal; the same empirical equation substituted with the reversible potential yields the Butler-Volmer equation. The explicit form of this equation contains the ratio of the concentrations of the oxidized and reduced species, though this is often exchanged for the reaction quotient, Q, in practice. FTP name the equation that states that a cell's potential with respect to a standard potential, at which Q is 1, is proportional to the natural logarithm of Q and is named for a Nobel laureate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 287 ], [ 288, 474 ], [ 475, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Cry, the Beloved Country", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The main character gets mad at his wife for suggesting that he use money in a cocoa tin which they had been saving for his son's enrollment at St. Chad's even though his son is not going to use it. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509018", "qanta_id": 8902, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "The main character gets mad at his wife for suggesting that he use money in a cocoa tin which they had been saving for his son's enrollment at St. Chad's even though his son is not going to use it. After being swindled out of a pound for bus fare, he arrives in Sophiatown, finds his sick sister Gertrude, and later learns that his son has been associating with John, but does not find him until after he has been arrested for the murder of the white farmer James Jarvis. FTP, Stephen and Absalom Kumalo are eventually reunited in what Alan Paton novel?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 199, 474 ], [ 474, 555 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Murakami Haruki", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His nonfiction work Underground chronicles interviews with victims of the Tokyo subway terrorist attack, while several short stories are collected in The Elephant Vanishes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Haruki_Murakami", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509087", "qanta_id": 9013, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "His nonfiction work Underground chronicles interviews with victims of the Tokyo subway terrorist attack, while several short stories are collected in The Elephant Vanishes. His novels The Sputnik Sweetheart, South of the Border, and West of the Sun, all display his trademark surrealism and whimsy. He won the Tanazaki Prize for his novel about a mental cryptographer with a civilization in his mind, The Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World. For 10 points - who is this groundbreaking Japanese novelist, the author of Norwegian Wood and A Wild Sheep Chase?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 298 ], [ 299, 453 ], [ 454, 568 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "magnetic fields", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Metals exposed to them induce the creation of Landau levels, allowing the mapping of Fermi surfaces through the De Haas-van Alphen effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Magnetic_field", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055090c9", "qanta_id": 9079, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Metals exposed to them induce the creation of Landau levels, allowing the mapping of Fermi surfaces through the De Haas-van Alphen effect. In some elements, such as bismuth, their presence gives rise to forces that attempt to counter or expel them, the most famous example of which is seen in semiconductors via the Meissner effect. They fall off as the inverse of the distance around a current carrying wire, and can be represented by continuous lines that emerge from north-seeking poles and enter south-seeking poles. FTP, what are these regions in which the namesake force is observable?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 332 ], [ 333, 520 ], [ 521, 591 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Edgar Degas", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist's early paintings often concerned Classical themes, as in Young Spartans, but his work soon developed an undercurrent of violence, seen in Interior, which is sometimes called The Rape.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edgar_Degas", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509121", "qanta_id": 9167, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "This artist's early paintings often concerned Classical themes, as in Young Spartans, but his work soon developed an undercurrent of violence, seen in Interior, which is sometimes called The Rape. His exploration of unusual artistic subjects resulted in The Cotton Exchange in New Orleans and The Absinthe Drinker, while the only sculpture exhibited during his lifetime, Little Fourteen-year-old Dancer, was an example of his most famous subject. FTP, who was this French painter of The Rehearsal and The Dance Class?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 197, 446 ], [ 447, 517 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Heimdall", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As the god Rig, he created the three races of mankind: the serfs, the peasants, and the warriors. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heimdallr", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550912c", "qanta_id": 9178, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "As the god Rig, he created the three races of mankind: the serfs, the peasants, and the warriors. Similar to the god Tyr, his rides the mount Gulltop, and lives in the hall of Himinbjorg. Born of the nine daughters of Aegir, he is also known as Gullintani because of his \"golden, shining teeth.\" He can hear the grass grow and can see a hundred miles around him, and he will sound his great Gjallarhorn to summon the gods to battle at Ragnarok. FTP, name this Norse god of light, the guardian of the rainbow bridge Bifrost.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 100, 191 ], [ 191, 300 ], [ 300, 450 ], [ 450, 528 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "glycolysis (accept Embden-Meyerhof Pathway before *)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Enzymes involved in this process include enolase and aldolase, and some of its stages include fructose-6-phosphate and PGAL. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glycolysis", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509159", "qanta_id": 9223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Enzymes involved in this process include enolase and aldolase, and some of its stages include fructose-6-phosphate and PGAL. A net gain of 2 ATP results from this process, which begins when hexokinase and ATP are added to a certain type of sugar. Its end products are two pyruvate molecules, and it can occur with or without oxygen being present. Also known as the * Embden-Meyerhof pathway, FTP, name this respiration process in which glucose is split in two.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 126, 249 ], [ 249, 350 ], [ 350, 463 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Aida", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Highlights of this opera include the chorus Gloria all'Egitto, the title character's arias Ritorna vincitor and O patria mia, and the \"Triumphal Scene\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aida", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509196", "qanta_id": 9284, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Highlights of this opera include the chorus Gloria all'Egitto, the title character's arias Ritorna vincitor and O patria mia, and the \"Triumphal Scene\". One of its unique features is a brief atmospheric prelude that replaces the traditional overture. The plot is fairly simple, involving a love triangle in which a captain inadvertently reveals battle plans to the enemy. The jilted Amneris then has Rhadames arrested as a traitor and walled up in a pyramid, where he is joined in death by the titular Ethiopian princess. FTP, what is this opera by Verdi?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 250 ], [ 251, 371 ], [ 372, 521 ], [ 522, 555 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "weak force or weak interaction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the current model, it is held to be mediated by the exchange of intermediate vector bosons.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Weak_interaction", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055091ad", "qanta_id": 9307, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "In the current model, it is held to be mediated by the exchange of intermediate vector bosons. It is only known to occur between leptons and in the decay of hadrons, and is responsible for the beta decay of particles and nuclei. 10 to the 30th times stronger than gravity, FTP, what is this fundamental interaction whose name indicates its relationship to the electromagnetic and strong forces?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 228 ], [ 229, 394 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Hanseatic League (or Hansa)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of its rare uses of military force came in the struggle against Valdemar IV, forcing Valdemar to accept its supremacy in the Peace of Straslund after a decisive 1368 victory over the Danes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hanseatic_League", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055091c3", "qanta_id": 9329, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One of its rare uses of military force came in the struggle against Valdemar IV, forcing Valdemar to accept its supremacy in the Peace of Straslund after a decisive 1368 victory over the Danes. It established a number of enclaves called Kontore in foreign towns like Novgorod, Bergen, and the Steel Yard in London, but was ultimately unable to compete with the powerful nation states that formed around it, meeting for the last time in 1669. Originating in an alliance between Lubeck and Hamburg, FTP, what was this league that dominated trading in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 441 ], [ 442, 599 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Daniel Webster", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In addition to his achievements in Congress, this politician gained renown for his public addresses, notably the Bunker Hill oration and his speech on the deaths of Jefferson and Adams.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Daniel_Webster", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055091e0", "qanta_id": 9358, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In addition to his achievements in Congress, this politician gained renown for his public addresses, notably the Bunker Hill oration and his speech on the deaths of Jefferson and Adams. He served as Secretary of State for a second time from 1850-52 after having alienated the antislavery movement with his eloquent support for the Compromise of 1850. Earlier, he had emerged as a champion of the federal government in his famous series of 1830 debates with Robert Hayne, and won acclaim as a lawyer for his arguments in the cases Dartmouth v. Woodward and McCulloch v. Maryland. FTP, who was this Massachusetts senator perhaps best known for his 1843 treaty with Ashburton?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 350 ], [ 351, 578 ], [ 579, 673 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "By 1957, parliamentary democracy in this country had given way to what was known as \"Guided Democracy\", a semi-dictatorship based on the 1945 constitution.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055091e5", "qanta_id": 9363, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "By 1957, parliamentary democracy in this country had given way to what was known as \"Guided Democracy\", a semi-dictatorship based on the 1945 constitution. Some of its indigenous people established the Majapahit kingdom, which supplanted the earlier Srivijaya empire. Independence from the Dutch was proclaimed in 1945 by Mohammed Hatta and Achmad Sukarno, the latter of whom was deposed in 1967 by General Suharto. Troubles in East Timor have occurred in recent years in, FTP, what country whose capital is Jakarta?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 267 ], [ 268, 415 ], [ 416, 516 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Druze", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The leadership of this religion prefer to be called Muwahhidun, or Unitarians.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Druze", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509214", "qanta_id": 9410, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "The leadership of this religion prefer to be called Muwahhidun, or Unitarians. Initiation from lay status, or jahil, to clerical status, or aqil, is restricted, and members are required to conceal the true nature of the religion. The sacred scripture, the Kitab al-hikma, is a collection of letters written by Cairo Hamza, who joined Muhammad al-Durazi in proclaiming the divinity of the caliph al-Hakim. FTP, what is this offshoot of Islam centered in Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and Syria?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 229 ], [ 230, 404 ], [ 405, 488 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Holden Caulfield", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Estranged from his corporate lawyer father and his mother, things have not been the same since his brother Allie died of leukemia. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Holden_Caulfield", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550924c", "qanta_id": 9466, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Estranged from his corporate lawyer father and his mother, things have not been the same since his brother Allie died of leukemia. His older brother D.B., is a writer in Hollywood but became a prostitute, and his younger sister Phoebe is ten. He lives with roommate Stradlater who has been going out with his childhood friend Jane Galangher. FTP, name this 16-year-old main character who returns home to New York City after being kicked out of Pencey Prep in a book by J. D. Salinger.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 132, 245 ], [ 245, 345 ], [ 345, 487 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Wole Soyinka", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The dramatist in residence at the Royal Court Theater during the late 1950's, his prison experiences were commemorated in The Man Died. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wole_Soyinka", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550925a", "qanta_id": 9480, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The dramatist in residence at the Royal Court Theater during the late 1950's, his prison experiences were commemorated in The Man Died. Also author of poetic volumes such as A Shuttle in the Crypt, he is also noted for his novel, The Interpreters and as the founder of both the Orisun Theater Company and the group known as the 1960 Masks. With his serious plays including Requiem for a Futurologist, Madmen and Specialists, The Swampdwellers, and Kongi's Harvest, he has also written the comedic Brother Jero series. FTP, name this Nigerian playwright and author of The Lion and the Jewel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 137, 343 ], [ 343, 522 ], [ 522, 594 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Guy de Maupassant", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Henry James' \"Paste\" was drawn directly from one of this man's more famous works. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Guy_de_Maupassant", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055092e2", "qanta_id": 9616, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Henry James' \"Paste\" was drawn directly from one of this man's more famous works. His best novel features two competing brothers, whose tumultuous relationship culminates with one's marriage to Madame Rosemilly. After publishing a work in the collection The Parties at Medan, he went on to write such novels as A Woman's Life, Bel-ami and Pierre et Jean. FTP, name this writer best known for his stories of Norman peasant life as in \"A Piece of String\" and \"The Necklace.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 83, 214 ], [ 214, 255 ], [ 256, 358 ], [ 358, 475 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Leonard Euler", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His namesake points are the midpoints of the line segments that join a triangle's vertices to its orthocenter. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055092fa", "qanta_id": 9640, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "His namesake points are the midpoints of the line segments that join a triangle's vertices to its orthocenter. His namesake squares are arrays composed of Latin Squares. His namesake characteristic is 0 only for the Klein bottle and the torus. Along with Lagrange, he names a differential equation involved in the calculus of variations. In 3-dimensional space, his rotation theorem says that any rotation can be described with the matrix formulation of his namesake angles. FTP, give this namesake of a formula that relates the vertices, edges and faces of a polyhedron and a constant equal to approximately .577, who also happens to be a Swiss mathematician.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 112, 172 ], [ 172, 247 ], [ 247, 342 ], [ 342, 480 ], [ 480, 665 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "semiconductors", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Fermi energy in these materials lies near the middle of the band-gap and moves toward the valence band edge as acceptors such as boron and aluminum are introduced, or moves toward the conduction band edge with the introduction of donors such as phosphorus. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Semiconductor", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055092ff", "qanta_id": 9645, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The Fermi energy in these materials lies near the middle of the band-gap and moves toward the valence band edge as acceptors such as boron and aluminum are introduced, or moves toward the conduction band edge with the introduction of donors such as phosphorus. The continuity equation expresses the change in carrier concentration in them as a function of factors such as Auger [OH-zhay] recombination, generation-recombination, diffusion, and drift. Having a zinc-blend or diamond crystal structure, their atoms are generally bonded to their four nearest neighbors. Examples include cadmium telluride, indium antimonide and the most well-known non-elemental type, gallium arsenide. FTP name these materials, including elemental germanium, that have properties of both insulators and conductors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 262 ], [ 262, 453 ], [ 453, 570 ], [ 570, 687 ], [ 687, 799 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Heimdall or Rig (accept early buzz of Gullintani)", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In some myths he is the grandson of Gerreindour the Giant, while in others his grandfather is Aegir. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heimdallr", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550937c", "qanta_id": 9770, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "In some myths he is the grandson of Gerreindour the Giant, while in others his grandfather is Aegir. Through his intervention Thrall, Karl, and Jarl were born and went on to differentiate the races of men. Because of his shining, golden teeth he is also called Gullintani. He lives in the hall of Himinbjorg and rides the powerful horse Gulltop. At Ragnarok he and Loki will kill each other, so apparently his great hearing and vision can not save him. FTP, name this Norse god who blows Gjallerhorn to announce Ragnarok and who is the guardian of Bifrost, the rainbow bridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 102, 208 ], [ 208, 276 ], [ 276, 350 ], [ 350, 458 ], [ 458, 581 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Diego Velazquez", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "During his second trip to Italy, he painted landscapes in the Villa Medici, some of the first known plen-aire work in Europe. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diego_Vel\u00e1zquez", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550937d", "qanta_id": 9771, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "During his second trip to Italy, he painted landscapes in the Villa Medici, some of the first known plen-aire work in Europe. His oil on canvas The Triumph of Bacchus appeared after he had received Rubens as a visitor. His battle series is most typified by Surrender and Breda and among his remarkable portraits is that of his valet Juan de Pareja. Even better known is his portrait of Innocent X, but it was work done as court painter to Philip IV that gained him lasting fame. FTP, name this Spanish painter of Las Meninas, or The Maids of Honor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 127, 144 ], [ 145, 221 ], [ 221, 313 ], [ 314, 352 ], [ 352, 483 ], [ 483, 552 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Otto I or Otto the Great", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "After defeating a revolt led by Conrad the Red, this ruler allied the crown with the Catholic Church, greatly increasing royal power. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550945d", "qanta_id": 9995, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "After defeating a revolt led by Conrad the Red, this ruler allied the crown with the Catholic Church, greatly increasing royal power. He married Edith and Adelaide, whom he rescued from a marriage with Berengar II, and had three children, one of whom reigned after him. This king also defeated the Magyars in the Lechfeld in 955. FTP, identify this son of Henry the Fowler crowned emperor in 962 by John XII, often considered the first Holy Roman Emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 135, 272 ], [ 272, 333 ], [ 333, 458 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Humbert Humbert (I guess you can accept either name)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He dies of coronary thrombosis a few days before his trial for murder but not before he commits to writing such famous witticisms as \"You can always rely on a murderer for fancy prose.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lolita", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550947b", "qanta_id": 10025, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "He dies of coronary thrombosis a few days before his trial for murder but not before he commits to writing such famous witticisms as \"You can always rely on a murderer for fancy prose.\" The son of European hotel owners, his mother is killed by a lightning bolt when he is three. His manuscript, subtitled The Confession of a White Widowed Male, is \"edited\" by John Ray, Jr., and discusses the aptly named Annabel Leigh, before it ends with the murder of Clare Quilty. FTP, name this lover of Dolores Haze, the central character of Nabokov's Lolita.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 187, 281 ], [ 281, 471 ], [ 471, 551 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Inca empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Their gods included Illapa, the god of thunder, Mamaquilla, a moon goddess, and Viracocha, the great creator.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550951f", "qanta_id": 10189, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Their gods included Illapa, the god of thunder, Mamaquilla, a moon goddess, and Viracocha, the great creator. Lesser powers were \"huacas,\" spirits that inhabited natural objects such as rocks and mountains. None of them could save Huayna Capac from smallpox in 1527, or prevent civil war between his sons Huascar and Atahualpa. FTP, name this empire centered on Cuzco which was conquered by the forces of Francisco Pizarro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 206 ], [ 207, 327 ], [ 328, 423 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Sir {Gawain} (accept, but be surprised to hear, {Gwalchmei, Gauvain,} or {Galvanus})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Early accounts stating that this Arthurian hero's strength increased until noon and then waned hint at his origins in solar myth. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509532", "qanta_id": 10208, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Early accounts stating that this Arthurian hero's strength increased until noon and then waned hint at his origins in solar myth. The son of Lot and Margause, he defeats and kills his mother's lover Sir Lamerok and Morgan Le Fey's son Sir Uwayne. He avenges the death of his father by killing Pellinore with his brother Gaheris, but is killed after twice challenging Launcelot to single combat. Known as \"the Courteous\", he is denied the Grail on account of his sins. For 10 points--identify this Arthurian hero who beheaded the Green Knight.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 131, 247 ], [ 248, 395 ], [ 396, 468 ], [ 469, 543 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "William Blake", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one incident, he pushed a soldier out of his yard, leading to a charge of sedition of which he was acquitted. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Blake", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509554", "qanta_id": 10242, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one incident, he pushed a soldier out of his yard, leading to a charge of sedition of which he was acquitted. He declared that \"all he knew was in the Bible,\" and designed a set of sketches for the Book of Job. Explaining the new mythology that he created in The Book of Los, he said, \"I must create a system or be enslaved by another man's.\" Author of Jerusalem and The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, he described his most famous collection of poetry as \"the two contrary states of the human soul.\" FTP, identify this author of Songs of Innocence and Experience.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 114, 216 ], [ 216, 349 ], [ 349, 505 ], [ 505, 568 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Janus", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "According to one myth, he was co-ruler of Latium with Camesus. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Janus", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550955b", "qanta_id": 10249, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "According to one myth, he was co-ruler of Latium with Camesus. Other accounts list Uranus and Hecate as his parents and Camise as his wife. He had an affair with the nymph Juturna and gave birth to the minor god Fons. His most notable child was Tiberinus, who drowned in the Tiber River. The first hour of each day and the first day of each month were sacred to this deity, while legions embarking for war walked through his gate in the Forum. FTP, name this Roman god of beginnings, endings, entrances, and exits, best known for his 2-faced appearance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 64 ], [ 64, 142 ], [ 142, 221 ], [ 221, 292 ], [ 292, 449 ], [ 449, 558 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Aristophanes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His first three plays, including \"The Banqueters\" and \"The Babylonians\", were produced by Callistratus, probably because he was considered too young to handle it himself. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristophanes", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550956e", "qanta_id": 10268, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "His first three plays, including \"The Banqueters\" and \"The Babylonians\", were produced by Callistratus, probably because he was considered too young to handle it himself. Although little is known of his personal life, he is believed to have lived for a time on the island of Aegina, and was prosecuted by Cleon for mocking ambassadors from the Delian league. \"Kokalos\", a play written for his son Araros, is said to have started the \"New Comedy\". FTP, name this comedic playwright of Athens, author of \"The Knights\", \"The Frogs\", and \"The Birds\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 172, 361 ], [ 361, 450 ], [ 450, 550 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Jacques-Louis David", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The static nature of later paintings like \"The Distribution of the Eagles\" stands in contrast to early works like \"Belisarius Asking Alms\" and \"Andromache Mourning Hector\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jacques-Louis_David", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550957a", "qanta_id": 10280, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "The static nature of later paintings like \"The Distribution of the Eagles\" stands in contrast to early works like \"Belisarius Asking Alms\" and \"Andromache Mourning Hector\". He became known as the \"Robespierre of the brush\" after his election to the National Convention. Works like \"The Coronation of Napoleon\" and \"The Death of Socrates\" have led him to be cited as a pioneer of modern art. FTP, who is this French artist of \"The Oath of the Horatii\" and \"The Death of Marat\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 271 ], [ 271, 391 ], [ 392, 477 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "harmonic oscillator (prompt on simple harmonic motion)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Dirac came up with a clever method for solving the quantum version of this system, using raising and lowering operators. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Harmonic_oscillator", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509581", "qanta_id": 10287, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Dirac came up with a clever method for solving the quantum version of this system, using raising and lowering operators. Though their best-known applications may be for keeping time, any system with a potential that is quadratic in displacement is one of these. In fact, it can be shown that any system exhibiting small fluctuations about a stable equilibrium is one. For ten points, identify this type of oscillator, the most common example of which is a mass and a spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 122, 264 ], [ 264, 371 ], [ 371, 477 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Chile", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this country's south, the forearc basin and coast range that frames its central valley are partially flooded by the Corcovado Gulf and Moraleda Canal, leaving islands like Gran Guaiteca that make up its Los Chonos Archipelago.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chile", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550958b", "qanta_id": 10297, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "In this country's south, the forearc basin and coast range that frames its central valley are partially flooded by the Corcovado Gulf and Moraleda Canal, leaving islands like Gran Guaiteca that make up its Los Chonos Archipelago. Its longest rivers are the Baker and its only perennial stream, the Loa, both located in the north, whose nitrate and copper wealth is tapped by the cities of Chiquicamata and La Serena. Its chief ports include Iquique, Coquimbo and Puerto Montt. FTP, name this country extending from the Atacama Desert to Tierra del Fuego, with capital at Santiago.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 229 ], [ 230, 416 ], [ 417, 476 ], [ 477, 580 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Hera", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Another name for this goddess is \"Bo?pis\", making reference to her beautiful, round \"cow-eyes\", and according to legend she could restore her youth and virginity every year by bathing in the waters of Canathus near Nauplia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hera", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550959a", "qanta_id": 10312, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "Another name for this goddess is \"Bo?pis\", making reference to her beautiful, round \"cow-eyes\", and according to legend she could restore her youth and virginity every year by bathing in the waters of Canathus near Nauplia. Most famously worshipped in antiquity in Argos and Samos, the cuckoo and the peacock which held the eyes of her faithful servant Argos were sacred to her, and while one legend held that she conceived one son by eating lettuce, her children Hebe, Ares, and Hephaestus are usually held to have been fathered by her husband, the sky god. For 10 points name this goddess of marriage and childbirth, the wife of Zeus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 223 ], [ 224, 558 ], [ 559, 636 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Michelangelo (Buonarotti)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His cartoon for the \"Battle of Cascina\" was considered a marvel of the age, while his \"Holy Family\" is considered one of his best paintings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michelangelo", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055095c8", "qanta_id": 10358, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "His cartoon for the \"Battle of Cascina\" was considered a marvel of the age, while his \"Holy Family\" is considered one of his best paintings. Better known as a sculptor, he got his start under Ghirlandajo, soon producing \"The Rape of Deianira\" and \"The Battle of the Lapiths and Centaurs\". While working on tombs for the Medicis he created his famous reclining figures of \"Day\", \"Night\", \"Dawn\", and \"Dusk\", but his work on the tomb of Julius II was never completed, despite the creation of the colossal \"Moses\". FTP, who was this artist perhaps best known for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 288 ], [ 289, 511 ], [ 512, 603 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Margaret Atwood", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A published poet at the age of 19, this author's first collection, \"Double Persephone\", was followed by the critically acclaimed \"The Circle Game\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Atwood", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055095de", "qanta_id": 10380, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A published poet at the age of 19, this author's first collection, \"Double Persephone\", was followed by the critically acclaimed \"The Circle Game\". In the 1970s she turned to the novel, with early efforts like \"Surfacing\" and \"Lady Oracle\" analyzing the lives of women in a male-dominated society, a theme to which she would return in \"Cat's Eye\" and \"The Robber Bride\". FTP, who is this Canadian author probably best known for the dystopian novel \"The Handmaid's Tale\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 370 ], [ 371, 470 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Tang dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "During this dynasty, painting and sculpture flourished, as seen in the production of its famous eponymous horses.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tang_dynasty", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055095e2", "qanta_id": 10384, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "During this dynasty, painting and sculpture flourished, as seen in the production of its famous eponymous horses. Buddhism was suppressed and monasteries dissolved during the Hu-chiang period, while its greatest territorial expansions occurred under Hsuan Tsung, whose ambitions were finally checked by the Arabs at the Talas River. Great decline occurred after the An Lu-Shan rebellion, which served as subject material for its great poets, including Tu Fu and Li Po. FTP, what was this 618-907 Chinese dynasty whose name is now associated with astronauts?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 332 ], [ 333, 468 ], [ 469, 557 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Richard Strauss", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote a work for 23 solo strings entitled \"Metamorphosen\", while in the field of vocal music he produced works like \"Allerseelen\", \"Traum durch die Dammerung\", and the \"Four Last Songs\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Strauss", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550960c", "qanta_id": 10426, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "He wrote a work for 23 solo strings entitled \"Metamorphosen\", while in the field of vocal music he produced works like \"Allerseelen\", \"Traum durch die Dammerung\", and the \"Four Last Songs\". A master of tonality, his most important works came in the genres of opera and tone poems, as seen in tone poems like \"Don Quixote\" and \"Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks\" and operas like \"Elektra\", \"Der Rosenkavalier\", and \"Salome\". FTP, who is this German composer of \"Thus Spake Zarathustra\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 422 ], [ 423, 484 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Emile Zola", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Near the end of his life this author penned two short series of novels entitled \"The Three Cities\" and \"The Four Gospels\" before his mysterious death from inhaling carbon monoxide fumes in his sleep.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Zola", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509621", "qanta_id": 10447, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Near the end of his life this author penned two short series of novels entitled \"The Three Cities\" and \"The Four Gospels\" before his mysterious death from inhaling carbon monoxide fumes in his sleep. While working in a publishing house his employer encouraged him to publish his first works, the short story collection \"Contes a Ninon\" and the novels \"La Confession de Claude\" and \"Therese Raquin\", marked by the scientific determinism which he would explore in all of his works. He became the most famous author in France for his novel \"Drunkard\", found in his epic 20-novel \"Rougon-Macquart\" cycle, along with \"Nana\" and \"Germinal\". FTP, who was this novelist and critic perhaps best-known for his defense of Alfred Dreyfus in an open letter entitled \"J'Accuse\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 479 ], [ 480, 634 ], [ 635, 764 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Walt Whitman", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet's first published poem was a reminiscence about an elderly black man entitled \"Negro Harry\", while his first short-story, \"Death in the School-Room\", was based on his Long Island teaching experience.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walt_Whitman", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550962c", "qanta_id": 10458, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This poet's first published poem was a reminiscence about an elderly black man entitled \"Negro Harry\", while his first short-story, \"Death in the School-Room\", was based on his Long Island teaching experience. His only novel, Franklin Evans, is a temperance tract, while his Civil War poems are collected in Specimen Days and Collect and Drum Taps. He is most famous for poems like \"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry\", \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\" and \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd.\" FTP, identify this great American poet, the author of Leaves of Grass and \"Song of Myself\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 348 ], [ 349, 410 ], [ 410, 453 ], [ 453, 494 ], [ 494, 587 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "apoptosis (accept programmed cell death before the last sentence)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This process, which can be set in motion by a variety of external and internal stimuli, was not recognized until 1972 when researchers Kerr, Wyllie, and Currie differentiated it from its counterpart.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apoptosis", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550966a", "qanta_id": 10520, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "This process, which can be set in motion by a variety of external and internal stimuli, was not recognized until 1972 when researchers Kerr, Wyllie, and Currie differentiated it from its counterpart. The difference lies in the activation of a suicide pathway which encodes for proteins to destroy the cell's genetic material. With a name from the Greek for \"falling off,\" FTP, what process, also called programmed cell death, is an analogue to necrosis?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 325 ], [ 326, 453 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "glycolysis (accept Embden-Meyerhof on an early buzz)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Enzymes used during this process include hexokinase, enolase, and aldolase.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glycolysis", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055096cd", "qanta_id": 10619, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Enzymes used during this process include hexokinase, enolase, and aldolase. After the preparatory steps, two molecules of PGAL are created, which are then oxidized by the reduction of NAD. Eventually, there is a net gain of two ATP molecules, and the end result is two molecules of pyruvic acid. FTP, identify this process also known as the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, the first step of cellular respiration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 188 ], [ 189, 295 ], [ 296, 405 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Claude Levi-Strauss", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Derrida borrowed from this man, who said that his three \"mistresses\" were Marxism, psychoanalysis and geology. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_L\u00e9vi-Strauss", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550975e", "qanta_id": 10764, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Anthropology", "text": "Derrida borrowed from this man, who said that his three \"mistresses\" were Marxism, psychoanalysis and geology. His The Way of the Masks analyzed American Indians, and he critiqued Elkin's findings in his Totemism Today. But it was his four volume work, influenced by Roman Jakobson, that sought to categorize folktales as a language for which he is best remembered. FTP, name this anthropologist and author of The Savage Mind, Structural Anthropology, and the aforementioned Mythologiques.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 112, 220 ], [ 221, 366 ], [ 367, 491 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Tezcatlipoca", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Originally this god was much more malevolent, a god of sorcery who had abducted Xochiquetzal and initiated human sacrifices.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tezcatlipoca", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509778", "qanta_id": 10790, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "Originally this god was much more malevolent, a god of sorcery who had abducted Xochiquetzal and initiated human sacrifices. Overlord of the constellation Great Bear, he had created the world by tearing apart the primordial crocodile Cipactli, though he lost a foot to her and was thus sometimes called Hurakan. The special protector the god of slaves and punisher of wicked, he saw everything in his magic Obsidian looking glass. FTP name this Aztec god of Magic and the Night Sky, the Lord of the \"Smoking Mirror.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 311 ], [ 312, 430 ], [ 431, 516 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "William Golding", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Brass Butterfly is a play, while the work, The Paper Men describes the pursuit of a famous novelist by an American academic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Golding", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509779", "qanta_id": 10791, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "The Brass Butterfly is a play, while the work, The Paper Men describes the pursuit of a famous novelist by an American academic. Free Fall and The Spire were followed by a collection of essays The Hot Gates, and in 1980 he recieved the Booker for Rites of Passage. But he is most famous for works that focus on man's savagery in extreme situations such as The Inheritors and Pincher Martin.FTP identify this British author best known for a reply to the optimism of Ballantyne's Coral Island, called The Lord of the Flies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 264 ], [ 265, 390 ], [ 390, 521 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Justinian I", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Tribonian compiled his legislation into the Codex Constitutionum, later known as the Body of Civil Law.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Justinian_I", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509797", "qanta_id": 10821, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Ancient", "text": "Tribonian compiled his legislation into the Codex Constitutionum, later known as the Body of Civil Law. Later legislation under his name included the Novellae, the first enactments in his empire to be published in Greek, not Latin. Early in his reign the Blues and Greens revolted against his rule and convinced Hypatius to take the imperial seat at the hippodrome; on his wife Theodora's advice he sent to put down the rebellion Belisarius, who later reconquered much of the Roman Empire for him. FTP, name this greatest Byzantine emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 231 ], [ 232, 497 ], [ 498, 540 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "John Dewey", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote about the imagination in Art and Experience, and although he was a philosopher by trade his argument for the importance of \"the reflex arc\" precipitated behaviorist psychology.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Dewey", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca90550979b", "qanta_id": 10825, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Psychology", "text": "He wrote about the imagination in Art and Experience, and although he was a philosopher by trade his argument for the importance of \"the reflex arc\" precipitated behaviorist psychology. Rejecting the idea of an absolute mind he argued that nature encountered in ordinary experience the ultimate reality. This instrumentalist view of knowledge, as he called it can be seen in works like Studies in Logical Theory, and even his later work on schooling like The Child and Curriculum and The School and Society. FTP, name this man often classed with the pragmatists who first suggested education was a process of acculturation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 303 ], [ 304, 507 ], [ 508, 623 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Benjamin Jonson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Lines of his that remain familiar today include \"O revenge, how sweet thou art!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ben_Jonson", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055097a6", "qanta_id": 10836, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Lines of his that remain familiar today include \"O revenge, how sweet thou art!\" and \"Fortune, that favors fools.\" He supported King James' Demonology with the witch-filled The Masque of Queens, possibly one reason he was a favorite of the early Stuart court. He insisted on classical rules, demanding a separation between tragedies, of which his included Catiline and Sejanus, and comedies, which included Epicene, or the Silent Woman, and Every Man in His Humor. FTP, name this playwright of The Alchemist", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 114 ], [ 115, 259 ], [ 260, 464 ], [ 465, 507 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Pictures at an exhibition or Kartinki s vistavki", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It starts with a trumpet solo in B-flat major that changes meter from 5 to 6, the tune of which is repeated in three later sections, all called \"Promenade.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055097ad", "qanta_id": 10843, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "It starts with a trumpet solo in B-flat major that changes meter from 5 to 6, the tune of which is repeated in three later sections, all called \"Promenade.\" First orchestrated by Tushmalov, it was later orchestrated by Stokowski, Ashkenazy, and in its best-known rendition, by Ravel. Sections include \"Gnomus,\" \"Bydlo,\" \"Ballad of the Chicks in their Shells,\" and \"The Great Gate of Kiev,\" all titles of paintings by the composer's friend Victor Hartmann. FTP, name this set of piano pieces by Modest Mussorgsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 283 ], [ 284, 455 ], [ 456, 512 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Jawaharlal Nehru", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His father Motilal encouraged his education, and introduced him to such other independence activists as Anne Besant. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jawaharlal_Nehru", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055097e5", "qanta_id": 10899, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "His father Motilal encouraged his education, and introduced him to such other independence activists as Anne Besant. After visiting Dublin in 1907 and becoming interested in the Irish independence movement, he became more radical than his father in working towards Indian independence. As a result, he helped found the Indian National Congress, and held important talks with Mohammed Ali Jinnah during the 1940s over the partition or unity of an Independent India. FTP, name this man who was eventually succeeded as prime minister of India by his daughter Indira grandson Rajiv.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 118, 288 ], [ 288, 468 ], [ 468, 581 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Francis Bacon", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist froze a second from Eisenstein's Potemkin in one of his works and also painted studies of Muybridge's horse. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Francis_Bacon", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055097ec", "qanta_id": 10906, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "This artist froze a second from Eisenstein's Potemkin in one of his works and also painted studies of Muybridge's horse. His \"Three Studies for the Base of a Crucifixion\" caused a furor when it was exhibited in the Tate Gallery, because of the gruesome treatment of his subject. More famous now are his versions of \"Velazquez's Innocent X\", which portray the pope with slabs of butchered meat hanging next to him. FTP name this 20th century painter of terror, who shares his name with a British philosopher and scientist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 122, 281 ], [ 281, 417 ], [ 417, 524 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Ralph Vaughn Williams", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His music was banned by Nazi Germany since he was a public advocate of aiding Jewish refugees. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ralph_Vaughan_Williams", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509800", "qanta_id": 10926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "His music was banned by Nazi Germany since he was a public advocate of aiding Jewish refugees. His musical education continued with Max Bruch in Berlin and Maurice Ravel in Paris. His output includes nine symphonies, incidental music for Aristophanes' The Wasps, and Fantasia on Greensleves, the latter being one of his many incorporations of English folk music in his compositions. FTP, name this composer who, despite being an atheist, used strong religious themes in revising the English Hymnal and composing Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 96, 182 ], [ 182, 386 ], [ 386, 552 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "lysosome", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Discovered in 1950 by Rene de Duve, mannose-6-phosphate tags molecules destined for it. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lysosome", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055098ae", "qanta_id": 11100, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Discovered in 1950 by Rene de Duve, mannose-6-phosphate tags molecules destined for it. It secretes a hydrogen ion ATPase in order to acidify its immediate environment. Born from endosomes in receptor-mediated endocytosis, Pompe and Gaucher diseases are caused by its malfunction and a deficiency of hexosaminidase-A produced by this organelle causes Tay-Sachs disease. Involved in apoptosis, its components are produced by the rough ER and packaged by the Golgi body. FTP, name this organelle that digests macromolecules and releases lytic enzymes upon a cell's death.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 89, 171 ], [ 171, 373 ], [ 373, 473 ], [ 473, 573 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Cu Chulainn (or Setanta)", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of his lovers was Uathach, a daughter of his tutor, the warrior-woman Scathach, and forgetting his own strength, he broke Uathach's fingers while taking a dish from her hand.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "C\u00fa_Chulainn", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055099a0", "qanta_id": 11342, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "One of his lovers was Uathach, a daughter of his tutor, the warrior-woman Scathach, and forgetting his own strength, he broke Uathach's fingers while taking a dish from her hand. His son Conlaoch later challenged him to single combat, and not recognizing his son, he impaled him on the end of his spear. Possessing seven fingers, seven toes, and seven pupils in each eye, FTP, who is this Celtic hero best-known for fighting off the forces of Queen Maeve?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 303 ], [ 304, 455 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma) Gandhi", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In 1930 this man led a 200-mile march to the sea to collect salt in defiance of a government monopoly, marking a renewal of his protest efforts.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mahatma_Gandhi", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055099b0", "qanta_id": 11358, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In 1930 this man led a 200-mile march to the sea to collect salt in defiance of a government monopoly, marking a renewal of his protest efforts. Trained as a lawyer in London, he spent 21 years in South Africa opposing discrimination on the part of the South African government. Assassinated by Nathuram Godse in 1948, he had earlier become famous for his non-cooperation and civil disobedience in India. FTP, name this Indian nationalist leader known as \"Mohatma\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 278 ], [ 279, 404 ], [ 405, 465 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Friedrich Nietzsche", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Among this philosopher's important early work are the essays \"The Uses and Disadvantages of History For Life\" and \"Schopenhauer as Educator\", which he grouped with two other essays under the collective title \"Untimely Meditations\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca9055099f6", "qanta_id": 11428, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "Among this philosopher's important early work are the essays \"The Uses and Disadvantages of History For Life\" and \"Schopenhauer as Educator\", which he grouped with two other essays under the collective title \"Untimely Meditations\". He gained notoriety for the section entitled \"The Madman\" in \"The Gay Science\", but in 1889 the sight of a horse being flogged led to his mental collapse, ending the writing of his so-called \"Nachlass\" materials, including \"The Case of Wagner\", \"Twilight of the Idols\", and \"Ecce Homo\". FTP, who was this German philosopher probably best-known for \"Thus Spake Zarathustra\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 231 ], [ 232, 518 ], [ 519, 581 ], [ 581, 605 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "alcohol", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "These compounds dehydrate to give alkenes or ethers, and react with acids to give esters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alcohol", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509a0b", "qanta_id": 11449, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "These compounds dehydrate to give alkenes or ethers, and react with acids to give esters. The primary type have two hydrogen atoms on the carbon joined to the central group, secondary ones have one hydrogen atom on the carbon, and tertiary ones have no hydrogen on the carbon. Methanol and ethanol are examples of, FTP, what organic compounds containing the OH group?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 276 ], [ 277, 367 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Edward Elgar", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After working as the band director at his home county's mental asylum, this composer gained notice with early works like Sevilliana, the Imperial March, Scenes from the Saga of King Olaf, and Scenes from the Bavarian Highlands, while works created during WWI include The Sanguine Fan and Carillon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509a11", "qanta_id": 11455, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "After working as the band director at his home county's mental asylum, this composer gained notice with early works like Sevilliana, the Imperial March, Scenes from the Saga of King Olaf, and Scenes from the Bavarian Highlands, while works created during WWI include The Sanguine Fan and Carillon. Many critics consider his finest work to be the cantata The Dream of Gerontius, which followed shortly after his first major success, the Enigma Variations. FTP, who was this British composer best known for five marches entitled Pomp and Circumstance?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 297 ], [ 298, 353 ], [ 354, 454 ], [ 455, 549 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Rene Magritte", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Canvases by this artist include The Companions of Fear, The Castle of the Pyrenees, and The Tomb of the Wrestlers, and he also made analogues of famous paintings like David's Madame Recamier and Manet's The Balcony in which he replaced the figures with coffins.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Magritte", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509a14", "qanta_id": 11458, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "Canvases by this artist include The Companions of Fear, The Castle of the Pyrenees, and The Tomb of the Wrestlers, and he also made analogues of famous paintings like David's Madame Recamier and Manet's The Balcony in which he replaced the figures with coffins. Influenced by de Chirico, he gained renown for the painting The Menaced Assassin, while works like Golconda and The Red Model demonstrate his use of visual paradoxes and everyday objects taken out of context, such as enormous rocks floating in air and fishes with legs. FTP, name this Belgian surrealist best-known for his recurring motifs of bowler hats and apples.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 261 ], [ 262, 531 ], [ 532, 628 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Langston Hughes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He collaborated with Roy DeCarava on a pictorial essay which was published posthumously as The Sweet Flypaper of Life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509a66", "qanta_id": 11540, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "He collaborated with Roy DeCarava on a pictorial essay which was published posthumously as The Sweet Flypaper of Life. He wrote a semi-autobiographical novel about the picaresque adventures of Sandy Rodgers entitled Not Without Laughter, while his dramas include Simply Heavenly and Tambourines to Glory. He also wrote a series of newspaper sketches about the urban folk hero Jesse B. Simple, but he is better known for his poetry, collected in works like The Pather and the Lash and Fine Clothes for the Jew. FTP, identify this Harlem Renaissance author of The Weary Blues and Montage of a Dream Deferred.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 304 ], [ 305, 509 ], [ 510, 606 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Arnold Schoenberg", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer of the one-act opera \"Overnight\" showed an early interest in music, but had to wait for the \"S\" volume of an encyclopedia his family was buying on an installment plan before he could learn how to compose a sonata.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnold_Schoenberg", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509aad", "qanta_id": 11611, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer of the one-act opera \"Overnight\" showed an early interest in music, but had to wait for the \"S\" volume of an encyclopedia his family was buying on an installment plan before he could learn how to compose a sonata. Influenced by Richard Strauss, his Gurrelieder was one of the high points of post-romanticism. Departing from that style, he is famous today for works like \"Moses and Aaron\" and \"Transfigured Night\". FTP, name this German composer of \"Pierrot Lunaire\" who developed the 12-tone method of Composition.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 227 ], [ 228, 322 ], [ 323, 427 ], [ 428, 528 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "glycolysis or Embden-Meyerhof pathway", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its only reversible portion involves an isomerase enzyme that can act on dihydroxyacetone phosphate. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glycolysis", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509b19", "qanta_id": 11719, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Its only reversible portion involves an isomerase enzyme that can act on dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The penultimate product, PEP, results after the removal of a water molecule by enolase. Other involved enzymes, like hexokinase and aldolase, effect a phosphate transfer or cleavage into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Four ATP are made but two are used in this process, which occurs entirely in the cytoplasm outside of the mitochondria. FTP, name this chemical pathway that, in aerobic conditions, converts glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 102, 191 ], [ 191, 319 ], [ 319, 440 ], [ 440, 553 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Martin Heidegger.", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Following his dissertation on \"The Doctrine of Judgement in Psychologism,\" he published his first major work, The Theory of Category and Meaning in Duns Scotus. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Heidegger", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509b1b", "qanta_id": 11721, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "Following his dissertation on \"The Doctrine of Judgement in Psychologism,\" he published his first major work, The Theory of Category and Meaning in Duns Scotus. The importance he attached to poetry was chiefly concerned with countryman Friedrich Holderlin, about whom he wrote a prominent book. The decadence of mankind was the primary subject of later works, which included On the Way to Language and An Introduction to Metaphysics. Two years before writing his magnum opus, he began a brief love affair with one of his students, Hannah Arendt. FTP, name this pupil of Edmund Husserl, who was obsessed with Angst and wrote Being and Time.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 163, 298 ], [ 298, 438 ], [ 438, 551 ], [ 551, 644 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "The Hay Wain", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "To the left is a partial view of a typical country house with a red chimney. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Hay_Wain", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509b20", "qanta_id": 11726, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "To the left is a partial view of a typical country house with a red chimney. A river dominates the foreground of the painting, and at its bottom bank is a wandering dog, while on the opposite bank, on the right side of the canvas, is a man in a small boat huddled amongst some weeds. In the bottom center is a pair of black horses being directed by two men. Those two men stand astride the title object, which is in the shallow part of the river. FTP, give the British name for this title object, a wagon, and you've named this 1821 painting by John Constable.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 78, 286 ], [ 286, 361 ], [ 361, 451 ], [ 451, 564 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Great Expectations", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this novel's final chapter the protagonist returns to his family after eleven years and revisits the grave of his father of the same name and mother, Georgiana, before being reunited with his love. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Great_Expectations", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509b53", "qanta_id": 11777, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this novel's final chapter the protagonist returns to his family after eleven years and revisits the grave of his father of the same name and mother, Georgiana, before being reunited with his love. Among the protagonist's acquaintances are his great uncle, Pumblechook, and his friend, Herbert Pocket, with whom he travels. This novel also introduces us to the kindly blacksmith Joe Gargery and the beneficent lawyer Jaggers. Jaggers acts as an agent of Abel Magwitch to help the protagonist, whose ending became a happy one on the advice of Bulwer-Lytton. FTP, name this novel that also features Miss Havisham and Estella, a Dickens' tale about young Philip Pirrip.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 202 ], [ 202, 329 ], [ 329, 432 ], [ 432, 564 ], [ 564, 673 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Shiva", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He has a double, Aghora, who is sometimes represented as his evil twin and is always attended by the beautiful Bhadra. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shiva", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509b73", "qanta_id": 11809, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "He has a double, Aghora, who is sometimes represented as his evil twin and is always attended by the beautiful Bhadra. Impressed by the penance of Parashurama, he offered his mystical axe Parashu as a boon. Among his many personifications are Ishwar, Shakta, and Dhurjati, though the most famous is the cosmic dancer, Nataraja. In art, like Rama, he is shown with blue skin and is often riding his great bull, Nandi. FTP, name this husband of Parvathi and father of Ganesh, the Hindu destroyer god.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 120, 209 ], [ 209, 331 ], [ 331, 421 ], [ 421, 502 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "spleen", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This organ can be inflicted with Ivemark syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies, and it is also subject to storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick and Gaucher. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spleen", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509b99", "qanta_id": 11847, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "This organ can be inflicted with Ivemark syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies, and it is also subject to storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick and Gaucher. Embryologically it derives from islands of mesenchymal tissue in the left side of the dorsal mesogastrium that coalesce. Its inner surface is indented by a linear hilum and is characterized by a maze of spongelike spaces called sinusoids. Also of note are the germinal centers that produce lymphocytes and the white and red pulp. Known as the site of red blood cell destruction, FTP, name this purplish organ that sits to the left of the stomach and below the diaphragm.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 192, 314 ], [ 314, 433 ], [ 433, 525 ], [ 525, 665 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Kenzaburo Oe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This author was strongly influenced by western writers, as indicated in the title of one of his early novels, Arise Ye Young Men, which was taken from Blake.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenzabur\u014d_\u014ce", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509bf4", "qanta_id": 11938, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This author was strongly influenced by western writers, as indicated in the title of one of his early novels, Arise Ye Young Men, which was taken from Blake. His first novel, 1958's The Catch, was the story of a friendship between a black prisoner of war and a boy, and won the Akutagawa prize. His experience as the father of a brain-damaged child is reflected in A Personal Matter. FTP, name this author of The Silent Cry and Teach Us to Outgrow Our Madness, winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize, the second Japanese author to win it.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 294 ], [ 295, 383 ], [ 384, 530 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Jane Eyre", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In the first chapter of this novel the title character refers to several books, including Henry, Earl of Moreland, Pamela, and Bewick's Birds of England, the book she is reading behind the curtains when Eliza catches her and calls her brother, John.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jane_Eyre", "proto_id": "54769911ea23cca905509bfb", "qanta_id": 11945, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In the first chapter of this novel the title character refers to several books, including Henry, Earl of Moreland, Pamela, and Bewick's Birds of England, the book she is reading behind the curtains when Eliza catches her and calls her brother, John. John would have the poor heroine refer to him as \"Master Reed,\" but instead she tells him he is \"like the Roman Emperors\" and as a result is sent to the red room by Mrs. Reed. Later, that orphan girl becomes a governess, and falls in love with her employer, Edward Rochester. FTP, name this 1847 novel, the best known work of Charlotte Bronte.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 249 ], [ 250, 427 ], [ 427, 528 ], [ 528, 595 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "A Doll's House", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In a version the author wrote for the German production, it ends with the protagonist being shown her children asleep and deciding to commit a sin against herself. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "A_Doll's_House", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509c3d", "qanta_id": 12011, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In a version the author wrote for the German production, it ends with the protagonist being shown her children asleep and deciding to commit a sin against herself. After nine years away, Kristina Linde returns to town just before Christmas, and offers to marry Nils Krogsted, a lawyer who is blackmailing the protagonist to get a position in her husband's bank. FTP, identify this 1879 drama about Torvald and Nora Helmer, a work of Henrik Ibsen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 165, 364 ], [ 364, 448 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He was depicted as Esme Amarinth in Robert Hichens's novel The Green Carnation. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oscar_Wilde", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509c7d", "qanta_id": 12075, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "He was depicted as Esme Amarinth in Robert Hichens's novel The Green Carnation. He took to calling himself Sebastian Melmoth when he went to France in 1897, three years before his death. The author of the stories A House of Pomegranates and The Happy Prince, he is better known today for his plays. FTP, identify this Irish-born author of A Woman of No Importance, Lady Windermere's Fan, and The Importance of Being Earnest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 81, 189 ], [ 189, 302 ], [ 302, 427 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Venice", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Having achieved independence in 992 CE, this city began the thirteenth century by taking the leading role in the Fourth Crusade, accumulating further wealth through a century-long glassblowing monopoly.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venice", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509ca5", "qanta_id": 12115, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Having achieved independence in 992 CE, this city began the thirteenth century by taking the leading role in the Fourth Crusade, accumulating further wealth through a century-long glassblowing monopoly. It fought the forces of Pope Clement V in the War of the Ferrarese Succession and settled another longtime rivalry with the 1454 Peace of Lodi. Falling to Austria under the Treaty of Campo Formio, it was later ceded to France, then quickly to the Kingdom of Italy, in the aftermath of the Seven Weeks War. FTP, name this city whose independent rulers included the Council of Wisdom, the Council of Ten, and the doges.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 202 ], [ 203, 346 ], [ 347, 508 ], [ 509, 620 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "William Carlos Williams", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After he fell ill during a track meet and was diagnosed with a heart murmur, he turned to poetry. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Carlos_Williams", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509caf", "qanta_id": 12125, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "After he fell ill during a track meet and was diagnosed with a heart murmur, he turned to poetry. His story collections A Voyage to Pagany and The Knife of the Times preceded a novel trilogy that began with White Mule, which was told entirely from the viewpoint of his wife Flossie as a newborn baby. He also wrote the introduction to Allen Ginsberg's Howl and Other Poems and the three-part love poem, \"Asphodel, That Greeny Flower,\" before his posthumous Pulitzer for 1962's Pictures from Breughel. FTP, name this one-time pediatrician and American poet famed for poems like \"the Red Wheelbarrow\" and Paterson.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 99, 303 ], [ 303, 504 ], [ 504, 615 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Diels}-{Alder Reaction} (accept {diene synthesis} before it is mentioned)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It has been used to synthesize such complex molecules as morphine, reserpine, and cortisone as well as other cyclic organic compounds. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diels\u2013Alder_reaction", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509cdd", "qanta_id": 12171, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "It has been used to synthesize such complex molecules as morphine, reserpine, and cortisone as well as other cyclic organic compounds. Take a substance containing two alternate double bonds and link it to a compound containing a pair of doubly or triply bonded carbon atoms. The two compounds will react to form a six-membered ring. In essence, it is the reaction of quinones with dienes and is also known as diene synthesis. FTP, give this reaction, named for the German scientists Otto and Kurt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 136, 277 ], [ 277, 336 ], [ 336, 430 ], [ 430, 501 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Pictures at an Exhibition", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The opening theme is reprised in \"Con mortuis in lingua mortis,\" which is the only part not drawn from the same source as the others. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509cef", "qanta_id": 12189, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "The opening theme is reprised in \"Con mortuis in lingua mortis,\" which is the only part not drawn from the same source as the others. Other sections include \"The Ballet of the Chicks in Their Shells\" and \"Il vecchio castello.\" More famous are the musical depictions of the rich and poor \"Two Polish Jews;\" the quarreling French market women in \"The Marketplace at Limoges;\" and the ox-drawn cart in \"Bydlo.\" In its most famous orchestration the solo passage in the Old Castle is played by an alto saxophone, and the opening Promenade is given to a trumpet. Culminating in \"The Great Gate of Kiev,\" it was inspired by a showing of water colors and drawings by Victor Hartmann. FTP, name this piano suite of Mussorgsky's, famously orchestrated by Ravel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 135, 226 ], [ 226, 410 ], [ 410, 560 ], [ 560, 680 ], [ 680, 755 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Hermes (only accept Mercury before Io is mentioned)", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Because of a trial in which this god defended himself so well that he was completely buried in a heap of stones, the first cairns were born to help travelers. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermes", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509cfc", "qanta_id": 12202, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "Because of a trial in which this god defended himself so well that he was completely buried in a heap of stones, the first cairns were born to help travelers. He was the one who liberated Io from Argus and the god who saved Odysseus and his men from being turned into pigs by Circe. He only stole once - some of Apollo's cattle - when he was just born, but he would become god of thieves and merchants. Atlas was his grandfather, as his mother was one of the Pleiades, the nymph Maia, who had been impregnated by Zeus. FTP, name this owner of a golden hat with wings and a pair of winged sandals, the herald of the gods.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 160, 285 ], [ 285, 406 ], [ 406, 523 ], [ 523, 624 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Gaius Valerius Catullus", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "All texts we have from him come from a single codex, now lost, which is said to have been found in the 13th century plugging a wine barrel. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catullus", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509d11", "qanta_id": 12223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "All texts we have from him come from a single codex, now lost, which is said to have been found in the 13th century plugging a wine barrel. Later in his life, he created a small-scale epic, The Marriage of Peleus and Thetis, which followed his scathing epigrams aimed at Julius Caesar and Caesar's engineer, Mamurra. He is better known for the long narrative \"Attis,\" and an elegy about his dead brother entitled \"Ave atque vale,\" or \"Hail and Farewell.\" Upon his return to Rome in 56 BC, he was devastated by the betrayal of Clodia Metelli, his one true love. FTP, name this Roman poet, for whom Clodia was probably the Lesbia to which he addressed many of his love lyrics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 141, 319 ], [ 319, 458 ], [ 458, 565 ], [ 565, 678 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Pragmatism", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "It closes with a lecture on the titular subject and religion that quotes Whitman's \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pragmatism", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509d62", "qanta_id": 12304, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "It closes with a lecture on the titular subject and religion that quotes Whitman's \"To You\" and advocates meliorism. An earlier lecture on humanism endorses Schiller over F. H. Bradley, while the first lecture, \"The Present Dilemma in Philosophy,\" divides men into two groups, the tender-minded and tough-minded. FTP, identify this set of lectures, subtitled \"A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking,\" which were delivered in 1907 by William James.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 84, 118 ], [ 118, 315 ], [ 315, 451 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "alcohols", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "They can be made from the reaction of organolithium reagents with aldehydes and ketones; the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes, ozymercuration-demecuration of alkenes, the reaction of Grignard reagents with aldehydes, esters, or ketones, or by the hydrolysis of alkyl halides. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alcohol", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509dcd", "qanta_id": 12411, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "They can be made from the reaction of organolithium reagents with aldehydes and ketones; the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes, ozymercuration-demecuration of alkenes, the reaction of Grignard reagents with aldehydes, esters, or ketones, or by the hydrolysis of alkyl halides. They can be converted to dialkyl ethers and are combined with carboxylic acids to undergo Fischer esterification. FTP name this group of organic compounds, composed of an OH group attached to a hydrocarbon group and symbolized as R-OH.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 280 ], [ 280, 395 ], [ 395, 516 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Alessandro Botticelli", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist painted a series of 4 frescos based on the Decameron for the decoration of the Pucci villa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sandro_Botticelli", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509ddb", "qanta_id": 12425, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "This artist painted a series of 4 frescos based on the Decameron for the decoration of the Pucci villa. Also known for \"The Madonna of the Pomegranate\" and the \"Mystic Nativity\", his nickname was due to the corpulence of his eldest brother Giovanni, and means \"little barrel\" in Italian. The artist of \"Primavera\", FTP, who is this 15th Century Italian painter of The Birth of Venus?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 287 ], [ 288, 383 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Neptune", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This celestial body is surrounded by 4 rings, the outermost of which, 1989N1R, displays non-uniformity of particle density never before observed in the solar system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neptune", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509ddf", "qanta_id": 12429, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Astronomy", "text": "This celestial body is surrounded by 4 rings, the outermost of which, 1989N1R, displays non-uniformity of particle density never before observed in the solar system. Visited by Voyager 2, the mission found it to be characterized by a bright feature dubbed the \"scooter,\" an atmospheric storm called the \"Great Dark Spot\", and not 2 moons, as was previously believed, but rather 8, including Despina, Larissa, and Proteus. With an nearly circular orbital eccentricity of 0.009, FTP name this planet, usually the 8th in distance from the sun.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 421 ], [ 422, 540 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "trumpet", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Though a long version called a buisine (bwee-zeen) was replaced by a shorter version in about 1300, the modern version only came into use about 1815.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trumpet", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509e16", "qanta_id": 12484, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Though a long version called a buisine (bwee-zeen) was replaced by a shorter version in about 1300, the modern version only came into use about 1815. Made with a cylindrical bore, the piccolo version was created in D for compositions with high registers such as those of Handel and Bach. The more typical B flat version has a range of about three octaves from the F sharp below the treble staff. FTP, name this close relative of the coronet, the instrument of Miles Davis and Wynton Marsalis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 287 ], [ 288, 395 ], [ 396, 492 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "George Santayana", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His works include a study of Lucretius, Dante, and Goethe as three philosophical poets and a group of imaginary conversations between figures like Alcibiades, Dionysius, and Democritus, entitled Dialogues in Limbo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Santayana", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509e1d", "qanta_id": 12491, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "His works include a study of Lucretius, Dante, and Goethe as three philosophical poets and a group of imaginary conversations between figures like Alcibiades, Dionysius, and Democritus, entitled Dialogues in Limbo. He believed that man is the unintended product of a dynamic flux, and his books include The Life of Reason and Realms of Being. FTP, name this author of The Sense of Beauty, Scepticism and Animal Faith, and The Last Puritan, a Spanish-American philosopher who taught at Harvard.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 214 ], [ 215, 342 ], [ 343, 493 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "V(idiadhar) S(urajprasad) Naipaul", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote the novels The Suffrage of Elvira and Miguel Street while living in England.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "V._S._Naipaul", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509e30", "qanta_id": 12510, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "He wrote the novels The Suffrage of Elvira and Miguel Street while living in England. Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey focuses on Indonesia, India is the subject of An Area of Darkness and India: A Million Mutinies Now, and A Bend in the River is about Africa. Knighted in 1989, FTP, name this Trinidad born author of A House for Mr. Biswas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 202 ], [ 203, 267 ], [ 268, 348 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Robert Schumann", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He began a novel, Die Davidsbundler, in 1831 while studying piano under his future father-in-law.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Schumann", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509e3e", "qanta_id": 12524, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "He began a novel, Die Davidsbundler, in 1831 while studying piano under his future father-in-law. He later used the names of two of its characters, Florestan and Eusebius, to describe his own split personality. That mental illness led him to throw himself into the Rhine in 1854, and he died two years later in a sanatorium near Bonn, where the only visitor he welcomed was Brahms. FTP, name this German composer of the Rhenish and Spring Symphonies, who was married to Clara.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 210 ], [ 211, 381 ], [ 382, 476 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Arrhenius equation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This equation, based upon work that barely secured a doctoral degree five years earlier, was first proposed in 1889.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arrhenius_equation", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509e99", "qanta_id": 12615, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This equation, based upon work that barely secured a doctoral degree five years earlier, was first proposed in 1889. It describes the requirements for the spontaneous starting of a reaction by relating the natural logarithm of the reaction rate constant to the ratio of the activation energy and thermal energy. FTP, name this equation central to studies of combustion, first proposed its namesake Swedish chemist?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 311 ], [ 312, 414 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Ruth Fulton Benedict", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Although she isn't George McClellan, her father was also a surgeon, and she studied philosophy and English literature at Vassar before moving on to study under, among others, Alexander Goldenweiser at Columbia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ruth_Benedict", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509ebc", "qanta_id": 12650, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Anthropology", "text": "Although she isn't George McClellan, her father was also a surgeon, and she studied philosophy and English literature at Vassar before moving on to study under, among others, Alexander Goldenweiser at Columbia. She published two volumes on Zuni (ZOON-yi) mythology in 1935, while she created a \"configurational\" approach to entire cultures, where each culture could be characterized in terms of its own distinct ethos. FTP, name this American anthropologist, who also studied Japanese culture in The Chrysanthemum and the Sword and may be best known for Patterns of Culture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 211, 418 ], [ 419, 574 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "The Trial or Der Prozess", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Chapter 9, the protagonist of the novel is asked to conduct an Italian colleague on a tour of the Cathedral, but he never shows up and a priest tells a parable about the doorkeeper to the Law.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Trial", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509ec4", "qanta_id": 12658, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In Chapter 9, the protagonist of the novel is asked to conduct an Italian colleague on a tour of the Cathedral, but he never shows up and a priest tells a parable about the doorkeeper to the Law. The protagonist's uncle Karl takes him to Herr Huld, who becomes his lawyer, and he sleeps with his servant Leni, who is attracted to anyone who has been accused. FTP, identify this novel, which was published posthumously in 1925 and begins with the arrest one fine morning of Joseph K., a work by Franz Kafka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 358 ], [ 359, 506 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Dorian Gray", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This literary character helps to ruin the life of the chemistry student Alan Campbell, and his cruel treatment of his fianc?, the young actress Sibyl Vane, results in Sibyl's suicide.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509ece", "qanta_id": 12668, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This literary character helps to ruin the life of the chemistry student Alan Campbell, and his cruel treatment of his fianc?, the young actress Sibyl Vane, results in Sibyl's suicide. Aided by his friend Lord Henry Wotton he leads a sensuous, hedonistic life until he murders the artist Basil Hallward, after which his withered corpse is found lying before a portrait depicting his former youth and beauty. FTP, name this title character of a novel by Oscar Wilde.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 184, 406 ], [ 407, 464 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "(Benedict) Baruch de Spinoza", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author of On the Rainbow and On the Calculation of Chances withdrew to the village of Rijnsburg shortly after his excommunication in order to organize his philosophy, the result being his Short Treatise on God, Man, and His Well-Being.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baruch_Spinoza", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509ed5", "qanta_id": 12675, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "This author of On the Rainbow and On the Calculation of Chances withdrew to the village of Rijnsburg shortly after his excommunication in order to organize his philosophy, the result being his Short Treatise on God, Man, and His Well-Being. He advocated use of the historical method for biblical interpretations in Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, and published a version of Descartes' Principia Philosophiae, written in the same geometrical style which would be utilized in his most famous work. FTP, name this 17th century rationalist philosopher, best known for his Ethics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 240 ], [ 241, 495 ], [ 496, 575 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Marc Chagall", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist's early style was influenced by Russian expressionism and cubism, as seen in Candles in the Dark.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marc_Chagall", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509ede", "qanta_id": 12684, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "This artist's early style was influenced by Russian expressionism and cubism, as seen in Candles in the Dark. Known for depictions of his private life, as seen in the print series My Life, and for the surrealism inherent in works like Self-Portrait With Seven Fingers, this artist also served as art director of the Moscow Jewish State Academy in his hometown of Uitsyebsk, and designed the twelve stained-glass windows in the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center. FTP, name this artist of The Woman and the Roses, White Crucifixion, and I and the Village.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 469 ], [ 470, 561 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Athol Fugard", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His first two plays, No-Good Friday and Nongogo, were published in 1977, along with Dimetos.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athol_Fugard", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509ef5", "qanta_id": 12707, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "His first two plays, No-Good Friday and Nongogo, were published in 1977, along with Dimetos. His The Island was developed in collaboration with the actors who played the leading roles, John Kani and Winston Ntshona. Hello and Goodbye, Boesman and Lena, and The Blood Knot form a trilogy dealing with family relationships in and around Port Elizabeth, his hometown and the setting of most of his plays. FTP, name this South African playwright, whose other works include Master Harold...and the Boys and Sizwe Bansi Is Dead.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 215 ], [ 216, 401 ], [ 402, 522 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Fr??ic Chopin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He is buried in Paris's P?e Lachaise (pair la-shezz) cemetery between the graves of Cherubini and Bellini, though his heart was sent back to his home country at his request.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric_Chopin", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509f4f", "qanta_id": 12797, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "He is buried in Paris's P?e Lachaise (pair la-shezz) cemetery between the graves of Cherubini and Bellini, though his heart was sent back to his home country at his request. His first published work was a set of variations on Mozart's aira La ci darem la mano, and his other orchestral works include the Krakowiak, piano concerti in F and E minor, and the Fantasia on Polish Airs. FTP, identify this Romantic composer, best known for his numerous piano works, including etudes, nocturnes, polonaises, and the \"Funeral March\" piano sonata.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 380 ], [ 381, 538 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "The Last Supper", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A Pop Art version includes a depiction of the artist herself, Marisol, sitting opposite the scene of wood sculpture.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Last_Supper", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509fb2", "qanta_id": 12896, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Art", "text": "A Pop Art version includes a depiction of the artist herself, Marisol, sitting opposite the scene of wood sculpture. A version by Tintoretto divided the oil on canvas painting diagonally with the table, and includes a choir of angels, while Marisol's inspiration was painted for Santa Maria delle Grazie. Give the titles for these works depicting the moment at which Jesus announces that one apostle will betray him, the best known of which, FTP, was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 304 ], [ 305, 480 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Doppler shift", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The transverse form of this phenomenon is purely relativistic, arising from time dilation. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509fba", "qanta_id": 12904, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The transverse form of this phenomenon is purely relativistic, arising from time dilation. In conjunction with the Hubble constant, it gives the distance to astronomical objects, while on Earth it is used to determine the speed of planes and baseballs. For ten points, name this change in frequency caused by the relative motion of two objects.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 92, 255 ], [ 255, 346 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Leonhard Euler", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man created a theory of distribution based on marginal productivity, and, along with Daniel Bernoulli, he derived an equation for the torque on a thin elastic beam.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca905509fbe", "qanta_id": 12908, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "This man created a theory of distribution based on marginal productivity, and, along with Daniel Bernoulli, he derived an equation for the torque on a thin elastic beam. He found all even perfect numbers and his phi-function is the number of smaller positive integers relatively prime to a number. With Lagrange, he derived the calculus of variations, while his angles specify the orientation of a rigid body. For ten points, name this Swiss mathematician and possible namesake of the number e.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 299 ], [ 299, 412 ], [ 412, 496 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Sri Lanka", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Its Central Highlands occupy the heart of this nation and contain some of its highest points including Pada, or Adam's Peak.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sri_Lanka", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a00c", "qanta_id": 12986, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Geography", "text": "Its Central Highlands occupy the heart of this nation and contain some of its highest points including Pada, or Adam's Peak. Among its rivers is the Mahaweli, which runs through the legislative capital of Kotte. The famous Trincomalee harbor lies on the northeast coast, and of the northwest coast of this island is the Palk Strait. Its official language is Sinhalese, and it was once known as Ceylon. With its capital at Colombo, FTP, identify this island nation off the southeast coast of India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 211 ], [ 212, 332 ], [ 333, 401 ], [ 402, 497 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "The Ambassadors", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Early on in this novel we learn that the central character's first and middle names form the title of a particularly bad Balzac novel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Ambassadors", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a01f", "qanta_id": 13005, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Early on in this novel we learn that the central character's first and middle names form the title of a particularly bad Balzac novel. Other figures in this novel's twelve books include the conscientious lawyer from Milrose, Connecticut, Mr. Waymarsh, and the talkative London resident with whom the central character flirts, Maria Gostrey. When that central character fails in his mission, Sarah Pocock is sent, but even she cannot convince her brother to return to Woollett, Massachusetts. That is because her brother is involved with the comtesse de Vionnet. By the end Lambert Strether tells Chad Newsome to live his own life in, FTP, what Henry James novel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 340 ], [ 341, 491 ], [ 492, 561 ], [ 562, 662 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Balder", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His wife died of a broken heart, and she was sent off to sea with him by the giantess Hyrrokin with a funeral pyre burning on the ship Ringhorn.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baldr", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a0f0", "qanta_id": 13214, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "His wife died of a broken heart, and she was sent off to sea with him by the giantess Hyrrokin with a funeral pyre burning on the ship Ringhorn. His hall was Breidablik meaning broad splendor, and he lived there with his wife Nanna and their son Forseti. Ultimately his brother was the cause of his downfall as he threw the dart that pierced, FTP, what Norse God who was vulnerable only to mistletoe?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 255 ], [ 256, 401 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "enthalpy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "For constant pressure, the change in this quantity equals the heat of reaction. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Enthalpy", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a13b", "qanta_id": 13289, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "For constant pressure, the change in this quantity equals the heat of reaction. Also the sum of the internal energy and the pressure times volume, it's the quantity used in Hess' Law. The variable which determines if a reaction is exo- or endothermic is, for ten points, what thermodynamic variable usually denoted by H?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 81, 186 ], [ 186, 322 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Sikhism (accept Nam Karan early)", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As soon as the mother and child are able to travel, they visit Gurdwara. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a1c9", "qanta_id": 13431, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Religion/Mythology", "text": "As soon as the mother and child are able to travel, they visit Gurdwara. There they prepare sacred pudding, called Karah Prashad. Amrit, or sweet water, is given to both infant and mother. The granthi randomly opens Sri Guru Granth Sahib to a hymn, and the child's name will have the same first letter as the first letter of the hymn. So goes the Nam Karan, the first festival in the life of any adherent to, for 10 points, what Indian religion?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 74, 132 ], [ 132, 192 ], [ 192, 339 ], [ 339, 449 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Hanseatic League", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It reached its summit in its victories over Waldemar IV of Denmark, gaining in the Treaty of Stralsund a virtual monopoly in Scandinavia, but its hegemony was curbed by a Dutch defeat in 1441. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hanseatic_League", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a1fe", "qanta_id": 13484, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "It reached its summit in its victories over Waldemar IV of Denmark, gaining in the Treaty of Stralsund a virtual monopoly in Scandinavia, but its hegemony was curbed by a Dutch defeat in 1441. The last diet was held in 1669, but this group never formally dissolved. Originating in a treaty between L?beck and Hamburg in 1241, its goal was to obtain mutual security and exclusive trading rights for its members. FTP, identify this medieval German mercantile league.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 194, 268 ], [ 268, 414 ], [ 414, 467 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Tang Dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Founded by Li Yuan, its holdings extended as far west as Uzbekistan and as far south as Vietnam, but they were limited after defeat at the hands of the Arabs. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tang_dynasty", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a208", "qanta_id": 13494, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Founded by Li Yuan, its holdings extended as far west as Uzbekistan and as far south as Vietnam, but they were limited after defeat at the hands of the Arabs. This period was renowned for the flowering of art and literature, and it was responsible for the invention of printing and the manufacture of gunpowder. FTP, name this Chinese dynasty lasting from 618 to 907 CE.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 160, 314 ], [ 314, 372 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Fathers and Sons", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "When the author wrote the last pages of this novel, with its last scene in a graveyard, he said, \"I had to turn my head so that my tears would not fall on the manuscript.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fathers_and_Sons_(novel)", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a269", "qanta_id": 13591, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "When the author wrote the last pages of this novel, with its last scene in a graveyard, he said, \"I had to turn my head so that my tears would not fall on the manuscript.\" And the publisher Katkov of the Russian Herald, felt that it was a \"shameless apotheosis\" of the radicals. Characters in this novel set in 1860s Russia include the young Arkady Kirsanov and Yevgeny Bazarov. FTP, name this novel by Ivan Turgenev.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 173, 282 ], [ 282, 383 ], [ 383, 421 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "stack (prompt on \"LIFO\" or \"last-in, first-out\" on early buzz)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Applications of this type of data structure include parsing mathematical expressions and calling subroutines from parent programs, but NOT reading from an input stream or running processes in the order in which they were called.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "CONFIG.SYS", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a28f", "qanta_id": 13629, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "Applications of this type of data structure include parsing mathematical expressions and calling subroutines from parent programs, but NOT reading from an input stream or running processes in the order in which they were called. It can be implemented in order-one time in real life as a to-do box which is open at only one end, or in a program by a singly-linked list, since pushing and popping can all be done at the head. FTP, name this data structure which uses a last-in, first-out system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 228 ], [ 229, 423 ], [ 424, 493 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-Tung", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He helped found the Kiangsi Soviet Party, and served as a theorist and military leader in Yanan from 1936 until 1945, at which point he began the effort for the party he co-founded in 1921 to gain control of his nation, which he did in 1949.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mao_Zedong", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a292", "qanta_id": 13632, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "He helped found the Kiangsi Soviet Party, and served as a theorist and military leader in Yanan from 1936 until 1945, at which point he began the effort for the party he co-founded in 1921 to gain control of his nation, which he did in 1949. FTP, name this man who led the 1934-35 Long March and ruled China until his 1976 death.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 241 ], [ 242, 329 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Carthage", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It was founded as Kart-Hadasht, meaning \"New Town,\" and it is now a suburb of a world capital.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carthage", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a299", "qanta_id": 13639, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Ancient", "text": "It was founded as Kart-Hadasht, meaning \"New Town,\" and it is now a suburb of a world capital. The Byrsu, its ancient citadel, was on a hill overlooking the sea. When it was plundered and burned, its conquerors forbid all human habitation on its site, but it was re-founded and later captured by the Vandals, the Byzantine empire, and, in 705, the Arabs. FTP, name this city which may have been founded by Dido, and whose wars with Rome brought about its destruction in 146 BC.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 161 ], [ 162, 354 ], [ 355, 477 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "hemoglobin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It is found in a number of plants, where its function is unknown.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hemoglobin", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a303", "qanta_id": 13745, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "It is found in a number of plants, where its function is unknown. Nitric oxide is distributed throughout the body by this substance and production of it requires iron, vitamin B(12), and folic acid in the diet. Intrinsic factor, produced in the stomach, is necessary for the uptake of vitamin B(12). A lack of intrinsic factor results in pernicious anemia. In lungs, it releases carbon dioxide and takes up oxygen. This protein consists of two parts: a helical chain, and a ring complex made of iron and a porphyrin compound, and is produced in the bone marrow. FTP identify this red-pigmented protein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates and some invertebrates.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 210 ], [ 211, 299 ], [ 300, 356 ], [ 357, 414 ], [ 415, 561 ], [ 562, 667 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Liver", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Proper function of this organ is often checked via the use of such toxic substances as hippuric acid and Bromsulphalein", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a309", "qanta_id": 13751, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Proper function of this organ is often checked via the use of such toxic substances as hippuric acid and Bromsulphalein (Brom sull fay leen). The smallest channels of its vascular system are lined by Kuppfer cells, which work in antibody formation and ingestion of foreign particles. This organ's lobes are connected via the falciform ligament, and it synthesizes many serum proteins, including albumin and several clotting factors. It has its own blood circulation in the form of a prominent portal system, and the word hepatic refers to it. FTP, name this organ that secretes bile, the largest internal vertebrate organ.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 141 ], [ 142, 283 ], [ 284, 432 ], [ 433, 542 ], [ 543, 622 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Ambrose Bierce", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He began his writing career in San Francisco working for a newspaper, and he published his first story, \"The Haunted Valley,\" in the Overland Magazine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ambrose_Bierce", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a30a", "qanta_id": 13752, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "He began his writing career in San Francisco working for a newspaper, and he published his first story, \"The Haunted Valley,\" in the Overland Magazine. The Old Gringo by Carlos Fuentes is actually an imagining of this man's last months. In his seventies, he disappeared across the Mexican border after revisiting the Civil War battlefields of his youth in his Collected Works. His second story collection was Can Such Things Be?, and his first was In the Midst of Life, which included a famous story that details the pre-execution dream of Peyton Farquhar. FTP, name this author of \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" and The Devil's Dictionary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 236 ], [ 237, 376 ], [ 377, 408 ], [ 409, 556 ], [ 557, 645 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Otto I or Otto the Great", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Much of our knowledge of him comes from a history of his reign written in heroic verse by a nun, Hrotswitha of Gandersheim.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a321", "qanta_id": 13775, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Much of our knowledge of him comes from a history of his reign written in heroic verse by a nun, Hrotswitha of Gandersheim. He first gained fame when he marched to Italy to assist Adelaide, the widowed queen of Lombardy, against Berengar II. He then had to return to his homeland to crush a rebellion led by his son Liudolf. Four years after becoming ruler of northern Italy, he halted the Magyars westward expansion with a crushing defeat of them at Lech River in 955. When chosen king, he selected Aachen as the site of his coronation as a symbol of continuing Charlemagne's tradition. FTP, who was this first official Holy Roman Emperor?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 241 ], [ 242, 324 ], [ 325, 469 ], [ 470, 587 ], [ 588, 640 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Golgi apparatus or Golgi bodies or Golgi sacs", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Limited proteolysis, phosphorylation, and isoprenylation all occur here. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Golgi_apparatus", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a3bb", "qanta_id": 13929, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Limited proteolysis, phosphorylation, and isoprenylation all occur here. In flagellate protozoa, it is known as the parabasal body and in plants, it is known as the dictyosome. It was first described in 1898 but, because of the limitations of light microscopy and because staining techniques failed to resolve its structure, its existence was not proven until the late 1950s. FTP, name the organelle where glycosylation occurs and proteins are packaged for secretion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 74, 179 ], [ 179, 379 ], [ 379, 470 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "electronegativity", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Measured in terms of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, this concept was first postulated in the 1939 book The Nature of the Chemical Bond, and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electronegativity", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a3c5", "qanta_id": 13939, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Measured in terms of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, this concept was first postulated in the 1939 book The Nature of the Chemical Bond, and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals. Its creator, a Cal Tech physicist who was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 for its discovery, was Linus Pauling. FTP, give the term for the tendency for atoms in a molecule to attract electrons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 184, 316 ], [ 316, 397 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This scientist warned of the powers of the modern weaponry when he said, \"I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Einstein", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a3cb", "qanta_id": 13945, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This scientist warned of the powers of the modern weaponry when he said, \"I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.\" Admitted to the Swiss Polytechnic Institute in 1896, he created the \"equivalence principle\" equating gravitational force and the inertial force of a system in accelerated motion. FTP, name the scientist who published his three most important papers in 1905, while working for the Swiss Patent Office.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 370 ], [ 370, 491 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "pi", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Bailey, Borwein, and Plouffe found an algorithm for extracting any of its hexdecimal digits. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pi", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a3dd", "qanta_id": 13963, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "Bailey, Borwein, and Plouffe found an algorithm for extracting any of its hexdecimal digits. Ramanujan provided a quartically-convergent algorithm for computing it. Buffon linked it to probability in his needle problem and von Lindemann proved it was transcendental. For ten points, what number did Archimedes note lay between 3 and one-seventh and 3 and ten over seventy-one.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 94, 165 ], [ 166, 267 ], [ 268, 377 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "John Stuart Mill", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "As a member of parliament for Westminster, he proposed an amendment to the 1867 Reform Act that would have given women the right to vote, but it was turned down.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Stuart_Mill", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a3eb", "qanta_id": 13977, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Philosophy", "text": "As a member of parliament for Westminster, he proposed an amendment to the 1867 Reform Act that would have given women the right to vote, but it was turned down. Although not credited, his wife Harriet Taylor helped him write many of his works, including The Subjection of Women and The Principles of Political Economy. FTP, name this leading liberal intellectual of the 19th century whose most influential work is On Liberty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 319 ], [ 320, 426 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Death in Venice (Der Tod in Venedig)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In 1964, Wladyslaw Moes claimed to be the inspiration for this work of literature, which was also partly inspired by an outbreak in Palermo. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_in_Venice", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a3ed", "qanta_id": 13979, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In 1964, Wladyslaw Moes claimed to be the inspiration for this work of literature, which was also partly inspired by an outbreak in Palermo. Its main character, the author of the book A Study in Abjection, nearly leaves for home, but an accident with his luggage gives him an excuse to continue his vacation where, obsessed with a boy he thinks is named Tadzio, he dies of cholera. FTP, name this 1912 novella by Thomas Mann.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 142, 384 ], [ 384, 427 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Neptune", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Despite a black-body temperature of 60 degrees Kelvin, its atmosphere is active, exhibiting the fastest winds in the solar system. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neptune", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a405", "qanta_id": 14003, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Astronomy", "text": "Despite a black-body temperature of 60 degrees Kelvin, its atmosphere is active, exhibiting the fastest winds in the solar system. With a color arising from methane absorption, it is also notable for its extremely clumpy ring system discovered in 1989 and a satellite in a retrograde orbit. For 10 points, name this gas giant whose moons include Proteus, Nereid, and Triton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 132, 293 ], [ 293, 376 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Jawaharlal Nehru", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He attempted to follow a policy of neutrality, cochairing the Bandung Conference in 1955 and signing the Panch Shila with Chou En-Lai. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jawaharlal_Nehru", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a43e", "qanta_id": 14060, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "He attempted to follow a policy of neutrality, cochairing the Bandung Conference in 1955 and signing the Panch Shila with Chou En-Lai. At the same time, however, he favored territorial expansion, annexing Goa from Portugal and going to war over the Tibetan border in 1962. FTP, identify this Brahmin, who became head of the Congress party in 1929 and served as prime minister of India from 1947 until 1964.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 136, 275 ], [ 275, 408 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Their Eyes Were Watching God", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This book was attacked by Richard Wright for its use of dialect, but the dialect is generally true to form and evidences the author's expertise in anthropology. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Their_Eyes_Were_Watching_God", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a481", "qanta_id": 14127, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This book was attacked by Richard Wright for its use of dialect, but the dialect is generally true to form and evidences the author's expertise in anthropology. It tells the story of a woman with unsuccessful marriages to Logan Killicks and Jody Starks, and finally a third which works out until she is forced to kill her rabies-stricken husband, Tea Cake Woods, with a shotgun. FTP, name this novel about a black woman in rural Florida named Janie, written by Zora Neale Hurston.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 162, 379 ], [ 380, 481 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "specific heat (accept heat capacity until \"per unit mass\")", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One form is the partial derivative of the enthalpy per unit mass with respect to temperature taken at constant pressure. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heat_capacity", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a4fb", "qanta_id": 14249, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One form is the partial derivative of the enthalpy per unit mass with respect to temperature taken at constant pressure. For monatomic ideal gases, the ratio of those at constant pressure and volume is 5/3. For water at 15 degrees Celsius, it is defined as 1 calorie per gram per degree Celsius. What quantity, for ten points, is defined as the heat capacity per mass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 122, 209 ], [ 209, 299 ], [ 299, 371 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "quartz", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Bloodstone, agate, and onyx are chalcedonic varieties of this mineral. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quartz", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a520", "qanta_id": 14286, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Earth Science", "text": "Bloodstone, agate, and onyx are chalcedonic varieties of this mineral. Other color variations arise from substituting atoms for silicon; iron for citrine and amethysts, titanium for the rose variety. When cemented it makes sandstone and when fused, silica glass. For ten points, identify this mineral composed of crystalline silicon dioxide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 72, 202 ], [ 202, 266 ], [ 266, 344 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "John Coltrane", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He incorporated Eastern ideas, free-jazz tendencies and boundless energy in such pieces as My Favorite Things, Sun Ship and Meditations. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Coltrane", "proto_id": "54769912ea23cca90550a58f", "qanta_id": 14397, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "He incorporated Eastern ideas, free-jazz tendencies and boundless energy in such pieces as My Favorite Things, Sun Ship and Meditations. His first jazz recordings were with Dizzy Gillespie's band; he joined the original Miles Davis Quintet in 1955, but was booted because of heroin addiction two years later. He then quit heroin, had a religious awakening and rejoined Miles Davis in early 1958. He would leave, however, to form his own quartet. For 10 points-name this tenor saxophonist whose masterwork was 1964's A Love Supreme.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 138, 311 ], [ 311, 399 ], [ 399, 450 ], [ 450, 535 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1999 }, { "answer": "Republic of {South Africa} [or {RSA} ]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One part of this modern day country agreed to outlaw slavery as part of the Sand River Convention.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "South_Africa", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a5cc", "qanta_id": 14458, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One part of this modern day country agreed to outlaw slavery as part of the Sand River Convention. Leander Starr Jameson led a raid in this country, which was ruled by the National Party from 1948 until 1994. The Sharpeville Massacre resulted from protests against this country's pass laws, which were also a factor in an uprising in its Soweto Township. For 20 points, name this country which has been led by the ANC since 1993.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 208 ], [ 209, 354 ], [ 355, 429 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "South {Africa}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation contains the once nominally independent Bantustans of Transkei, Venda, Ciskei, and Bophuthatswana.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "South_Africa", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a5d3", "qanta_id": 14465, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation contains the once nominally independent Bantustans of Transkei, Venda, Ciskei, and Bophuthatswana. This nation's currency is the Rand, and its largest city lies in Gauteng province. Cape Agulhas is the southernmost point in this nation. The (*) Orange river defines part of its border with Namibia. Two of its capitals are Pretoria and Bloemfontein. For 10 points, name this country whose largest cities are Cape Town and Johannesburg, which hosted the 2010 World Cup.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 193 ], [ 194, 248 ], [ 249, 310 ], [ 311, 361 ], [ 362, 480 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Anna Karenina", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel visits a famous French psychic named Landau under the advice of the Countess Lydia Ivanovna.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anna_Karenina", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a5d5", "qanta_id": 14467, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel visits a famous French psychic named Landau under the advice of the Countess Lydia Ivanovna. Another of its characters fatally injures his horse Frou-Frou during a race. This novel opens in the aftermath of Dolly's discovery that her husband Oblonsky has had an affair. This novel chronicles the title character's fall from society after her affair with Count Vronsky. For 10 points, name this Leo Tolstoy novel whose title character throws herself under a train.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 197 ], [ 198, 297 ], [ 298, 396 ], [ 397, 491 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Anna Karenina}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, Sergei Koznyshev visits his half-brother and castigates him for quitting an administrative post.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anna_Karenina", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a5d8", "qanta_id": 14470, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, Sergei Koznyshev visits his half-brother and castigates him for quitting an administrative post. Varenka and another character's brother Nikolai are recovering at a spa in Germany in this novel. One character is courted by Konstantin Levin and flirts with Veslovsky. At its opening, Stiva [*] Oblonsky is caught cheating on his wife, Dolly. One character in this work rides the horse Frou-Frou too hard and breaks her back, and rejects Kitty for the title character. That woman, the lover of Count Vronsky, dies by throwing herself under a train. For 10 points, name this novel by Leo Tolstoy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 208 ], [ 209, 280 ], [ 281, 306 ], [ 307, 356 ], [ 356, 481 ], [ 482, 561 ], [ 562, 608 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Anna Karenina", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel cries after the horse Frou-Frou breaks its back during a race against Gladiator.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anna_Karenina", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a5da", "qanta_id": 14472, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel cries after the horse Frou-Frou breaks its back during a race against Gladiator. One scene in this novel sees the forceful eviction of Veslovsk. In another, the wife of the philandering Stiva encourages the match between the shy Konstantin Levin and Kitty. This novel opens with the line \"Happy families are all alike\" and sees the title character abandon her family, despite an \"evil omen,\" for the horseman Vronsky. For 10 points, name this novel whose protagonist commits suicide by jumping in front of a train, written by Leo Tolstoy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 172 ], [ 173, 284 ], [ 285, 445 ], [ 446, 566 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{electron}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A theory pertaining to the transfer of these items uses a quantity equal to the energy required to bring the system to its final reaction coordinates under certain conditions, and won Rudolf Marcus the 1927 Nobel in Chemistry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electron", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a686", "qanta_id": 14644, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A theory pertaining to the transfer of these items uses a quantity equal to the energy required to bring the system to its final reaction coordinates under certain conditions, and won Rudolf Marcus the 1927 Nobel in Chemistry. In the post-Hartree-Fock methods, the configuration interaction functions try to correct for neglecting the correlation energy between these particles. Nitro and halide groups \"withdraw\" these particles from an aromatic ring. The outer most sets of these which don't participate in bonding are called \"lone pairs\" and are represented in Lewis structures. For 10 points, identify these particles which carry a negative charge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 226 ], [ 227, 378 ], [ 379, 452 ], [ 453, 581 ], [ 582, 652 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{redox} reaction [or {reduction}-{oxidation} reaction; or {oxidation}-{reduction} reaction; or electron", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Marcus theory was developed to explain this type of reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Redox", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a687", "qanta_id": 14645, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Marcus theory was developed to explain this type of reaction. Henry Taube pioneered using isotope\n tracers to study this type of reaction. One major subtype of these reactions are classified by the inner\n sphere, outer sphere dichotomy. In cells, many of these reactions are catalyzed by flavoproteins. One way\n in which these can occur is hydride transfer. The Nernst equation allows for determining species activities\n in one of these reactions at a given potential. These are either atom or electron transfer reactions. One\n usually balances these by half reactions. For 10 points, name these reactions that see participants change\n their oxidation states.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 138 ], [ 139, 236 ], [ 237, 302 ], [ 303, 357 ], [ 358, 468 ], [ 469, 522 ], [ 523, 569 ], [ 570, 659 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Spain}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "John Parker Hale was recalled from his post as minister to this country after Horatio Perry accused him of tax evasion. \u00a0", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a711", "qanta_id": 14783, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "John Parker Hale was recalled from his post as minister to this country after Horatio Perry accused him of tax evasion. \u00a0Daniel Sickles also served as minister to this country, in which role he was rumored to have had an affair with its potential queen. This country paid the U.S. an 80,000 dollar indemnity after the execution of 53 men, including Joseph Fry, when Fry's ship was seized by its forces. \u00a0The freedom of a manumitted slave is compared to the undying nature of the earth in an essay \"On the American Dead in\" this country, which refers to a group of 2,800 Americans holding their position at a river in this nation. By way of a certain treaty, the U.S. agreed to pay all legal claims against this nation up to five million dollars in exchange for territory - that agreement, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, saw this country renounce claims to Oregon territory but retain land west of the Sabine River. FTP, name this nation where the Abraham Lincoln Brigade fought in a war, and who signed the Adams-Onis Treaty relinquishing its control over Florida.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 121, 253 ], [ 254, 404 ], [ 404, 629 ], [ 630, 926 ], [ 927, 1076 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Thor", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god gave the horse Gullfaxi to his son Magni after killing the giant Hrungnir with the help of his servant Thialfi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a7f0", "qanta_id": 15006, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god gave the horse Gullfaxi to his son Magni after killing the giant Hrungnir with the help of his servant Thialfi. This god disguised himself as Freya to reclaim his weapon from Thrym, and will kill the Midgard Serpent at Ragnarok, only to die from its poison. He kills his enemies with lightning bolts from his hammer, Mjollnir. For 10 points, name this Norse god of thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 266 ], [ 267, 335 ], [ 336, 382 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Alan Mathison {Turing}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Along with Alonzo Church, he gives his name to a hypothesis about computable functions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alan_Turing", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a7f4", "qanta_id": 15010, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Along with Alonzo Church, he gives his name to a hypothesis about computable functions. One construct named for him includes a head which can read and write symbols on a strip of tape. This man, who helped to crack the Enigma machine, also gives his name to an experiment in which a machine tries to convince a human that it is itself a human. For 10 points, name this computer scientist with a namesake \"machine\" and a namesake \"test.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 184 ], [ 185, 343 ], [ 344, 436 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Charlemagne} [or {Charles I;} or {Charles the Great} ; or {Charles le Grand} ; or {Karl der Grosse}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler set up a system of authority and law in his namesake Capitulary.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a7fb", "qanta_id": 15017, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler set up a system of authority and law in his namesake Capitulary. A biography of this ruler was written by Einhard. This ruler originally split lands with his brother Carloman after the death of his father, Pepin the Short. This man was unexpectedly crowned while kneeling to pray in St. Peter's Basilica on Christmas by Pope Leo III, becoming by that action \"Emperor of the Romans\" in the year 800. For 10 points, name this grandson of Charles Martel and Carolingian ruler who greatly expanded the Frankish empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 125 ], [ 126, 233 ], [ 234, 409 ], [ 410, 525 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Bernoulli's} Principle [or {Bernoulli's} Equation; or {Bernoulli's} Theorem; or {Bernoulli's} Law]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This principle explains why the use of greater camber allows for the operation of certain objects.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bernoulli's_principle", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a7fd", "qanta_id": 15019, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This principle explains why the use of greater camber allows for the operation of certain objects. This theorem explains the changes that happen to certain molecules inside a Venturi tube. If there is no vertical change in height, the equation for this law simplifies to one half the density times velocity squared plus the pressure. This principle states that an increase in fluid velocity results in a decrease in fluid pressure. For 10 points, name this principle devised by a Swiss mathematician that helps explain the ability of airplanes to achieve lift.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 188 ], [ 189, 333 ], [ 334, 431 ], [ 432, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Lord of the Flies", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During one incident in this novel, a sand castle is destroyed by Maurice and Roger.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lord_of_the_Flies", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a801", "qanta_id": 15023, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During one incident in this novel, a sand castle is destroyed by Maurice and Roger. Later, after the flashes of a dogfight in the atmosphere, a dead parachutist lands near Sam and Eric. A pig's head impaled on a stick appears to Simon as the title figure of this novel. Its characters learn how to start a fire with a pair of glasses and use a conch shell to call meetings. For 20 points, name this book in which order breaks down and Ralph loses control to Jack.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 185 ], [ 186, 269 ], [ 270, 373 ], [ 374, 463 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Wolfgang Amadeus {Mozart}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "For the opening of the Concert Spirituel, this composer wrote his \"Paris\" Symphony.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a80a", "qanta_id": 15032, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For the opening of the Concert Spirituel, this composer wrote his \"Paris\" Symphony. Another of his symphonies features a five-voice fugato in its last movement and received its name from Johann Peter Salomon. Kochel (KUR-chell) numbers categorize this composer's works, which include his forty-first symphony, which is nicknamed \"Jupiter.\" For 10 points, name this Austrian classical composer of Eine Kleine Nachtmusik and The Magic Flute.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 208 ], [ 209, 339 ], [ 340, 439 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sigmund {Freud}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker discussed the \"oceanic feeling\" in a book which chronicled the conflict between individuality and society's demand of conformity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sigmund_Freud", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a81e", "qanta_id": 15052, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker discussed the \"oceanic feeling\" in a book which chronicled the conflict between individuality and society's demand of conformity. This author of Civilization and Its Discontents discussed his patient's Irma's imagined injection in one book. He postulated that people use repression to escape the conflict between the id, ego, and superego. He claimed that males go through a stage when they fixate on their mothers and resent their fathers, calling it the oedipal complex. For 10 points, name this Austrian pioneer of psychoanalysis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 253 ], [ 254, 352 ], [ 353, 485 ], [ 486, 546 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian {Bach}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this composer's works intersperses the words of the gospel with the lyrics of Picander, including the aria \"Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a820", "qanta_id": 15054, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this composer's works intersperses the words of the gospel with the lyrics of Picander, including the aria \"Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani.\" This composer wrote six suites for unaccompanied cello in addition to the St. Matthew Passion. He wrote six concertos as a job application for Margrave Christian Ludwig. The composer of the Brandenburg Concertos, this man wrote a prelude and fugue in every major and minor key in another work. For 10 points, name this Baroque composer of The Well-Tempered Clavier.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 142, 238 ], [ 239, 313 ], [ 314, 437 ], [ 438, 509 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Mahatma {Gandhi} [or Mohandas Karamchand {Gandhi}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the 1930's, this man signed an agreement with Viceroy Lord Irwin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mahatma_Gandhi", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a831", "qanta_id": 15071, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the 1930's, this man signed an agreement with Viceroy Lord Irwin. He renamed the lowly dalit class the \"children of god.\" Earlier in his career, this man worked as a lawyer fighting racism in British-ruled South Africa. Time magazine reporter Margaret Bourke-White showed this man working at his spinning wheel. In 1930, he led a demonstration to protest an unpopular British tax. For 20 points, name this organizer of the Salt March.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 124 ], [ 125, 222 ], [ 223, 314 ], [ 315, 383 ], [ 384, 437 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of {South Africa} [or {RSA}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One part of this modern day country agreed to outlaw slavery as part of the Sand River Convention.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "South_Africa", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a832", "qanta_id": 15072, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One part of this modern day country agreed to outlaw slavery as part of the Sand River Convention. Leander Starr Jameson led a raid in this country, which was ruled by the National Party from 1948 until 1994. The Sharpeville Massacre resulted from protests against this country's pass laws, which were also a factor in an uprising in its Soweto Township. For 20 points, name this country which has been led by the ANC since 1993.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 208 ], [ 209, 354 ], [ 355, 429 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Among this man's inventions are an improved gyrocompass and, with Leo Szilard, a refrigerator that cooled using only heat as an input.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Einstein", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a839", "qanta_id": 15079, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Among this man's inventions are an improved gyrocompass and, with Leo Szilard, a refrigerator that cooled using only heat as an input. One formula attributed to this man states that energy equals Planck's constant times the frequency of radiation. Another states that in the same reference frame, gravity and acceleration are locally equal, and is known as the equivalence principle. A third formula states that rest energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light. For 10 points, name this Swiss physicist who explained the photoelectric effect, developed general relativity, and formulated the equation E equals m c squared.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 247 ], [ 248, 383 ], [ 384, 475 ], [ 476, 636 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Justinian I", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man called the Second Council of Constantinople in order to resolve the Monophysite Controversy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Justinian_I", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a83b", "qanta_id": 15081, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man called the Second Council of Constantinople in order to resolve the Monophysite Controversy. One of this ruler's reform efforts was overseen by Tribonian. The Secret History of Procopius is an account of this man's reign. This ruler was opposed by the Blues and Greens in one rebellion. That revolt, the Nika Riot, was suppressed by this man's general Belisarius. For 10 points, name this husband of Theodora, a Byzantine emperor who oversaw the creation of his namesake legal code.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 163 ], [ 164, 230 ], [ 231, 295 ], [ 296, 372 ], [ 373, 491 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{glaciers}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These objects can develop large cracks called bergschrunds (BERG-shrunds), which can further lead to the formation of cirques (SIRKS).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glacier", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a83f", "qanta_id": 15085, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These objects can develop large cracks called bergschrunds (BERG-shrunds), which can further lead to the formation of cirques (SIRKS). The firn line separates the ablation and accumulation zones of these objects. The movement of these masses is responsible for the creation of moraines and drumlins, which are accumulations of till carried by these objects. These objects hold the majority of the world's fresh water. For 10 points, name these large, flowing masses of ice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 212 ], [ 213, 357 ], [ 358, 417 ], [ 418, 473 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this composer's ballets, the Lilac Fairy softens a curse placed by Carabosse, causing Princess Aurora to sleep for a century.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a842", "qanta_id": 15088, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this composer's ballets, the Lilac Fairy softens a curse placed by Carabosse, causing Princess Aurora to sleep for a century. In another of his ballets, the evil Von Rothbart curses Odette to transform into a swan every day, causing her to drown herself along with her lover Siegfried. A third of his ballets contains the \"Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy,\" and begins with Herr Drosselmeyer giving the title toy to Clara. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake, and The Nutcracker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 295 ], [ 296, 429 ], [ 430, 526 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Tokugawa} Shogunate [or {Tokugawa Bakufu}; or Edo Period before it is read]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The ruling family during this period was symbolized by three hollyhock leaves.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tokugawa_shogunate", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a849", "qanta_id": 15095, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The ruling family during this period was symbolized by three hollyhock leaves. The golden age of this period was the Genroku era. This period was established after its namesake founder won the Battle of Sekigahara. During this period, which established its capital at Edo, only samurai were allowed to carry swords. The country under this government was forced open by Matthew Perry and the Treaty of Kanagawa. This period gave way to the Meiji Restoration in 1868. For 10 points, name this last shogunate of Japan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 129 ], [ 130, 214 ], [ 215, 315 ], [ 316, 410 ], [ 411, 465 ], [ 466, 515 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "James Augustine Aloysius {Joyce}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's works, which features a character whose initials are HCE, begins and ends with two halves of the same sentence, and introduced the word \"quark\" to the English language.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Joyce", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a853", "qanta_id": 15105, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's works, which features a character whose initials are HCE, begins and ends with two halves of the same sentence, and introduced the word \"quark\" to the English language. Another of his works begins with a \"moocow\" coming down the road to meet a \"baby tuckoo.\" That baby, Stephen Dedalus, also appears in his massive novel about one day, 16 June 1904, in the life of Leopold Bloom. For 10 points, name this author of Finnegans Wake, A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man, and Ulysses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 186 ], [ 187, 275 ], [ 275, 397 ], [ 398, 502 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{War} and {Peace} [or {Voyna} i {Mir} ]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A character in this novel wins 43,000 rubles playing faro; the loser is unable to marry his cousin Sonya, and instead must save his fianc\u00e9e Marya from an uprising of serfs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_and_Peace", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a85a", "qanta_id": 15112, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A character in this novel wins 43,000 rubles playing faro; the loser is unable to marry his cousin Sonya, and instead must save his fianc\u00e9e Marya from an uprising of serfs. The lucky gambler, Nikolay Rostov, also hits on Helene and survives the resultant duel with this novel's protagonist, Pierre Bezhukov. Pierre seeks glory by joining the fight against Napoleon in, for 20 points, what sprawling novel about the defense of Russia by Leo Tolstoy?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 307 ], [ 308, 448 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The title of this play was allegedly discovered in the bathroom of a New York City bar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Who's_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf?", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a85c", "qanta_id": 15114, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title of this play was allegedly discovered in the bathroom of a New York City bar. One character in this play tells her husband, \"if you existed, I'd divorce you,\" and makes fun of his failed attempts at writing a novel and his inability to become the head of the history department. The other couple in this play married due to a \"hysterical pregnancy\" and chooses not to have children, unlike the older couple who merely pretends to have a son. For 20 points, name this Edward Albee play in which Martha responds, \"I am!\" to the title question.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 288 ], [ 289, 451 ], [ 452, 528 ], [ 529, 551 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "William Cullen {Bryant}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem, this man wonders if the title figure seeks \"the plashy brink\" or \"marge of river wide\" and concludes confidently that God will \"lead\" his \"steps aright.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Cullen_Bryant", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a85d", "qanta_id": 15115, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem, this man wonders if the title figure seeks \"the plashy brink\" or \"marge of river wide\" and concludes confidently that God will \"lead\" his \"steps aright.\" In that poem, this man asks the title bird \"Whither... thou dost thou pursue thy solitary way?\" This poet opened another work by considering \"him who in the love of nature holds communion with her visible forms.\" For 20 points, name this American poet of \"To a Waterfowl\" who also wrote a \"meditation on death\" called \"Thanatopsis.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 211 ], [ 211, 261 ], [ 261, 379 ], [ 380, 499 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's sixteen regions were established in 2002 to follow natural watershed boundaries.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_Zealand", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a85f", "qanta_id": 15117, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's sixteen regions were established in 2002 to follow natural watershed boundaries. In addition, it administers several territories, including the Chatham Islands and Tokelau. Southeast of the Tasman Sea, it was home to the extinct moa, who were hunted to extinction by its indigenous Maori peoples. The Cook Strait separates the two main landmasses of this nation also home to the kiwi bird. For 20 points, name this Pacific nation with capital Wellington and largest city Auckland, which has a North and South Island.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 187 ], [ 188, 311 ], [ 312, 404 ], [ 405, 531 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Thomas Stearns {Eliot}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The speaker of one of this man's poems says \"I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be\" and asks \"Do I dare to eat a peach?\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "T._S._Eliot", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a861", "qanta_id": 15119, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The speaker of one of this man's poems says \"I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be\" and asks \"Do I dare to eat a peach?\" The phrase \"Hurry up please it's time\" is repeated in \"A Game of Chess,\" the second section of one of his poems. That poem, whose other sections include \"What the Thunder Said\" and \"The Burial of the Dead,\" begins \"April is the cruellest month.\" For 20 points, name this poet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 154 ], [ 155, 239 ], [ 240, 371 ], [ 371, 403 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Spain}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one play written by an author from this country, Crispin attempts to set up Leander and Sylvia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a863", "qanta_id": 15121, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one play written by an author from this country, Crispin attempts to set up Leander and Sylvia. In addition to being the homeland of the author of The Bonds of Interest, it is the homeland of the dramatist of The Dog in the Manger and The Sheep Well. Jacinto Benavente (ha-SEEN-toe bay-nuh-VEN-tay) hails from this country, as does the author of The Trickster of Seville, Tirso de Molina. For 10 points, name this nation home to Lope (LOW-pay) de Vega and Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 253 ], [ 254, 391 ], [ 392, 481 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Mali} Empire [or {Mandingo} Empire; or {Manden Kurufa}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This empire came into existence after its first leader won the Battle of Kirina against the Susu chief Sumanguru.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mali_Empire", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a86f", "qanta_id": 15133, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This empire came into existence after its first leader won the Battle of Kirina against the Susu chief Sumanguru. Another ruler of this empire had the general Sagmandia capture the Songhai capital, Gao. That ruler of this empire caused a long-lasting depression in the value of gold in Cairo by his considerable spending while traveling on a hajj to Mecca. For 10 points, name this West African empire that shares its name with a modern country and was ruled by mansas such as its founder Sundiata Keita and Musa I.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 202 ], [ 203, 356 ], [ 357, 515 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Albert {Camus}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, Joseph Grand struggles to write the perfect sentence, and Jean Tarrou dies despite the efforts of Dr. Bernard Rieux.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Camus", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a878", "qanta_id": 15142, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's novels, Joseph Grand struggles to write the perfect sentence, and Jean Tarrou dies despite the efforts of Dr. Bernard Rieux. This author wrote about a disease that strikes Oran in The Plague. A novella by this man begins with the sentence, \"Maman is dead today;\" in that novel, Mersault is executed for shooting an Arab \"because of the sun.\" For 10 points, name this French existentialist author of The Stranger.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 215 ], [ 216, 365 ], [ 366, 436 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sinclair {Lewis}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel in which the United States is ruled by the tyrannical Buzz Windrip.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sinclair_Lewis", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a87e", "qanta_id": 15148, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a novel in which the United States is ruled by the tyrannical Buzz Windrip. In another novel by this author of It Can't Happen Here, the shooting of Zilla by her husband Paul Riesling causes Myra's husband to resent his middle-class lifestyle. This man created the fictional city of Zenith, Winnemac, the home of the minister Elmer Gantry. In another of his novels, Erik Valborg has an affair with Carol Kennicott, who grows dissatisfied with Gopher Prairie, Minnesota. For 10 points, name this author of Main Street and Babbitt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 131 ], [ 132, 149 ], [ 149, 261 ], [ 262, 357 ], [ 358, 487 ], [ 488, 547 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Fibonacci} numbers [or {Fibonacci} sequence]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Binary coding based on these values depends on Zeckendorf's theorem, which states that any integer can be written as the sum of any one or more of them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fibonacci_number", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a882", "qanta_id": 15152, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Binary coding based on these values depends on Zeckendorf's theorem, which states that any integer can be written as the sum of any one or more of them. Euclid's algorithm for finding a greatest common divisor has a worst-case runtime when consecutive values of this type are inputted. A namesake type of heap uses these numbers in its runtime analysis. The ratio of consecutive numbers of this type approaches the golden ratio. For 10 points, name these numbers, which comprise a sequence that begins 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, and are named for an Italian mathematician.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 285 ], [ 286, 353 ], [ 354, 428 ], [ 429, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Madame Bovary}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At the end of this novel, the protagonist's daughter, Berthe, must support herself by working in a cotton factory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a88d", "qanta_id": 15163, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the end of this novel, the protagonist's daughter, Berthe, must support herself by working in a cotton factory. In this novel, a man named Hippolite has his leg amputated after a botched operation. The protagonist of this novel drinks arsenic in order to avoid the shame of her husband discovering her affairs with Leon and Rodolphe. This novel focuses on a woman bored with her marriage to a country doctor named Charles. For 10 points, name this novel about the adulteress Emma, written by Gustave Flaubert.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 200 ], [ 201, 336 ], [ 337, 425 ], [ 426, 512 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Madame Bovary}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel botches a clubfoot operation, which partly contributes to the fall of an estate that is eventually controlled by Lheureux.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a88e", "qanta_id": 15164, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel botches a clubfoot operation, which partly contributes to the fall of an estate that is eventually controlled by Lheureux. The title character of this novel procures arsenic from Homais (oh-MAY) in the midst of her crumbling relationship with her husband, a country doctor named Charles. For 10 points, name this novel in which the title character commits suicide after having affairs with Leon and Rodolphe, written by Gustave Flaubert.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 315 ], [ 316, 465 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Madame Bovary", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, a shutter is left open to show that the protagonist has accepted a marriage proposal, and that protagonist is led into debt by the manipulative money-lender Monsieur L'Heureux.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a892", "qanta_id": 15168, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, a shutter is left open to show that the protagonist has accepted a marriage proposal, and that protagonist is led into debt by the manipulative money-lender Monsieur L'Heureux. The title character of this novel cheats on her husband with Rodolphe and with the chemist Ume's clerk, Leon. The protagonist grows unhappy with the doctor Charles and their marriage in, for 10 points, what Gustave Flaubert novel in which Emma kills herself with arsenic?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 301 ], [ 302, 463 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{calcium}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In plants, this element opposes the action of potassium to close stomata while in the body, the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases ions of this element.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Calcium", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a89a", "qanta_id": 15176, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In plants, this element opposes the action of potassium to close stomata while in the body, the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases ions of this element. In the body this metal is typically found in the form of hydroxyapatite and the parathyroid hormone increases concentration of it in the blood. This element is also released into the blood through a process of resorption regulated by osteoclasts. In nature, this metal is found in the minerals gypsum and limestone. For 10 points, name this alkaline earth metal found in bones.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 304 ], [ 305, 407 ], [ 408, 476 ], [ 477, 538 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Franz {Kafka}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's short stories centers on an apparatus that inscribes men's bodies with the law they are accused of breaking.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Kafka", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8a4", "qanta_id": 15186, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's short stories centers on an apparatus that inscribes men's bodies with the law they are accused of breaking. This author of \"In the Penal Colony\" wrote a novel containing the \"Parable of the Man Before the Law\"; in that novel, Joseph K. is executed despite committing no crime. One of this author's characters dies from an apple lodged in his back; that character, Gregor Samsa, discovers his transformation into a disgusting insect. For 10 points, name this Czech author of The Trial and \"The Metamorphosis.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 295 ], [ 296, 451 ], [ 452, 527 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Freidrich {Nietzsche}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His first book criticized the rationality of Euripedes' works, preferring the contrast between Apollonian and Dionysian in Aeschylus and Sophocles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8a6", "qanta_id": 15188, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His first book criticized the rationality of Euripedes' works, preferring the contrast between Apollonian and Dionysian in Aeschylus and Sophocles. This writer critiqued Christianity as a slave morality in works such as Beyond Good And Evil, and included a chapter entitled \"Why I Write Such Good Books\" in his autobiography Ecce Homo. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who declared \"God is dead\" in The Gay Science and imagined an \"Ubermensch\" in Also Sprach Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 335 ], [ 336, 482 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "stomach", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This organ, which contains a region called the fundus, produces a glycoprotein used in vitamin B12 absorption called the intrinsic factor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stomach", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8aa", "qanta_id": 15192, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This organ, which contains a region called the fundus, produces a glycoprotein used in vitamin B12 absorption called the intrinsic factor. It also contains G cells which stimulate production of a material composed mainly of hydrochloric acid. This organ sends a material known as chyme from the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum, the first portion of the small intestine. In cows, this organ is divided into four compartments. For 10 points, name this main organ of the digestive system which breaks down food after receiving it from the esophagus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 242 ], [ 243, 373 ], [ 374, 428 ], [ 429, 550 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Eugene Gladstone {O'Neill}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one play by this author, the sight of the protagonist stoking a coal ship causes Mildred Douglas to faint.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8ac", "qanta_id": 15194, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one play by this author, the sight of the protagonist stoking a coal ship causes Mildred Douglas to faint. In addition to that play about Yank, who dies in the hands of a zoo animal, this author wrote a trilogy in which Orin, Adam Brant, and Lavinia act out themes similar to the Oresteia. This author of The Hairy Ape wrote a play in which Mary's addiction to morphine paralyzes the Tyrone family. For 10 points, name this American playwright of Mourning Becomes Electra and Long Day's Journey Into Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 292 ], [ 293, 401 ], [ 402, 509 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{carbon dioxide} [accept {CO2} prior to mention]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Population inversion is achieved in diatomic nitrogen and in this molecule in order to produce infrared light in the most commonly used form of laser industrially.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carbon_dioxide", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8b1", "qanta_id": 15199, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Population inversion is achieved in diatomic nitrogen and in this molecule in order to produce infrared light in the most commonly used form of laser industrially. In the body, a certain \"anhydrase\" enzyme converts this molecule into an anion. The bond angles of this molecule are 180 degrees, thus making it the textbook example of a molecule with linear geometry. At atmospheric pressure, it does not form a liquid, instead undergoing deposition from its normal form into dry ice. For 20 points, identify this greenhouse gas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 243 ], [ 244, 365 ], [ 366, 482 ], [ 483, 527 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Canterbury} Tales (accept \u201cThe {Knight\u2019s Tale}\u201d before \u201cher {five marriages}\u201d)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work was the source of William Shakespeare and John Fletcher's Two Noble Kinsmen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Canterbury_Tales", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8c9", "qanta_id": 15223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work was the source of William Shakespeare and John Fletcher's Two Noble Kinsmen. One character in this work discusses her five marriages, the fifth to Jankyn. The final section of this work, which features the Knight and Wife of Bath, is narrated by the Parson. This work's Prologue describes how the characters meet at the Tabard Inn en route to the titular pilgrimage site, and agree to engage in a storytelling contest. For 10 points, name this Middle English collection of tales by Geoffrey Chaucer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 164 ], [ 165, 267 ], [ 268, 428 ], [ 429, 509 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{centaurs}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In Ovid's Metamorphoses, the hero Caenus is killed when some of these creatures pile rocks and trees on top of him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Centaur", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8d1", "qanta_id": 15231, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Ovid's Metamorphoses, the hero Caenus is killed when some of these creatures pile rocks and trees on top of him. Another incident involving them occurred when one named Eurytion attempted to abduct Hippodameia at her wedding, leading to a battle between these creatures and the Lapiths. Other members of this race included Nessus, whose blood was used to kill Heracles, and the tutor of Jason and Achilles, Chiron. For 10 points, name this mythological race of creatures who were half man and half horse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 289 ], [ 290, 417 ], [ 418, 507 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Rudyard {Kipling}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote of a place \"Where the flying fishes play, and the dawn comes up like thunder out of China 'cross the bay.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rudyard_Kipling", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8d9", "qanta_id": 15239, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote of a place \"Where the flying fishes play, and the dawn comes up like thunder out of China 'cross the bay.\" Another poem notes that the qualifications for manhood include to \"dream \u2013and not make dreams your master\" and to \"talk with crowds and keep [one's] virtue.\" The ending of another poems tells the \"finest man\" the narrator knew that, \"You're a better man than I am.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"Mandalay,\" \"If,\" and \"Gunga Din,\" who created the characters of Akela, Bagheera, and Mowgli in The Jungle Book.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 282 ], [ 283, 390 ], [ 391, 439 ], [ 439, 538 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{utilitarianism}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Derek Parfit's \"repugnant conclusion\" argues against this school of thought by showing that it implies the need to populate the earth with as many humans as physically possible.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Utilitarianism", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8e3", "qanta_id": 15249, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Derek Parfit's \"repugnant conclusion\" argues against this school of thought by showing that it implies the need to populate the earth with as many humans as physically possible. One of the originators of this philosophy explained it using the \"felicific calculus\" in An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. It was later expanded upon in a namesake book of John Stuart Mill. For 20 points, name this school of thought whose originator, Jeremy Bentham, explained it as advocating \"the greatest good for the greatest number.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 327 ], [ 328, 394 ], [ 395, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Han} Dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This dynasty saw two incidents in which Confucian scholars were imprisoned, the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Han_dynasty", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8f1", "qanta_id": 15263, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This dynasty saw two incidents in which Confucian scholars were imprisoned, the Disasters of Partisan Prohibitions. This dynasty's Emperor Jing reduced the sizes of several principalities, sparking the Rebellion of the Seven States. The first emperor of this dynasty was a peasant named Liu Bang, who later became known as Gaozu. It was briefly interrupted by the (*) Xin Dynasty after Wang Mang took the throne. This dynasty was preceded by the Qin and followed by the Three Kingdoms period. For 10 points, name this dynasty which lends its name to the majority ethnic group of China.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 232 ], [ 233, 329 ], [ 330, 412 ], [ 413, 492 ], [ 493, 585 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "War of the {Triple} Alliance", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One battle in this war saw Captain Meza attempt to destroy the enemy's fleet by sailing past them and firing a barrage and then anchoring his fleet to block them from moving down the (+) Parana River.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paraguayan_War", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a8fb", "qanta_id": 15273, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One battle in this war saw Captain Meza attempt to destroy the enemy's fleet by sailing past them and firing a barrage and then anchoring his fleet to block them from moving down the (+) Parana River. The Duke of Caxias commanded troops for one side in this war, and he ordered the capture of cities such as Humaita and Piquissiri. The Battle of Riachuelo occurred during this conflict that is also associated with the (*) Argentine Bartolome Mitre and the Paraguayan Francisco Solano Lopez. For 10 points, name this South American war named after an organization between Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 331 ], [ 332, 491 ], [ 492, 603 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "William {James}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He rebutted the moralist views of W.K. Clifford in an essay which categorizes live, forced, and momentous options.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_James", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a936", "qanta_id": 15332, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He rebutted the moralist views of W.K. Clifford in an essay which categorizes live, forced, and momentous options. He's the first namesake of a theory which states that emotions result from the perception of a physiological stimulus, rather than emotions preceding autonomic responses. One of his essays asks whether a man chasing a squirrel around a tree is by definition \"going round\" the squirrel. This author of \"The Will to Believe\" and The Principles of Psychology argued that \"truth\" is only what is most expedient to believe. He collected his Gifford Lectures at Edinburgh as The Varieties of Religious Experience, and his Lowell lectures were collected as a work which shares its name with a movement started by C.S. Peirce. For 10 points, name this American philosopher who wrote Pragmatism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 285 ], [ 286, 400 ], [ 401, 533 ], [ 534, 733 ], [ 734, 801 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William {James}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A collection by this author includes a section arguing that a single experience can be part of two minds, and replies to Waler Pitkin's charges that the titular approach is solopsistic.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_James", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a937", "qanta_id": 15333, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A collection by this author includes a section arguing that a single experience can be part of two minds, and replies to Waler Pitkin's charges that the titular approach is solopsistic.\u00a0 In addition to this author's\u00a0Essays in Radical Empiricism, another work by this author contrasts the \"mind-cure movement\" and \"hell-fire theology\" and describes a group that seeks to provide a \"state of assurance.\" A work by this author includes a chapter on the \"stream of thought\" and opposes Wilhelm Wundt, and another work by this author is subtitled \"a new way for some old ways of thinking\" and described a man who chases a squirrel around a tree. For 10 points, identify this author of\u00a0The Varieties of Religious Experience,\u00a0Principles of Psychology, and\u00a0Pragmatism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 187, 400 ], [ 400, 640 ], [ 641, 760 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "George {Santayana}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker analyzed Lecretius, Dante, and Goethe in Three Philosophical Poets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Santayana", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a94e", "qanta_id": 15356, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker analyzed Lecretius, Dante, and Goethe in Three Philosophical Poets. In one work, he argues that consciousness is based in \"instances of awareness.\" That work also argues that philosophy must begin in media res. Another of this man's works categorizes existence into matters of essence, matter, truth, and spirit. He wrote the bestselling novel (*) The Last Puritan, as well as Scepticism and the Animal Faith and The Realms of Being. For 10 points, name this philosopher whose Life of Reason asserts \"those who cannot remember the past are doomed to repeat it.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 159 ], [ 159, 160 ], [ 161, 223 ], [ 224, 325 ], [ 326, 360 ], [ 361, 446 ], [ 447, 574 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Ramses II} [or {Ramses} the Great]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the second year of his reign, this ruler defeated the pirates known as the Shardana in a sea battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ramesses_II", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a951", "qanta_id": 15359, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the second year of his reign, this ruler defeated the pirates known as the Shardana in a sea battle. He signed a treaty with the Hittite king Hattusili II. His most famous consort, Nefertari, is buried in the largest tomb in the Valley of Queens. He defeated the Hittites under Muwatallis in the Battle of (*) Kadesh. A fallen statue in a large temple dedicated to this man was the inspiration for Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem \"Ozymandias.\" For 10 points, name this pharaoh of the 19th dynasty who commissioned the Abu Simbel temples and was nicknamed \"the Great.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 158 ], [ 159, 249 ], [ 250, 320 ], [ 321, 442 ], [ 443, 566 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "William {James}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this thinker responds to Kant's innatist view of time with the concept of the \"specious present,\" of which all longer periods of time are mere extrapolations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_James", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a956", "qanta_id": 15364, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this thinker responds to Kant's innatist view of time with the concept of the \"specious present,\" of which all longer periods of time are mere extrapolations. This thinker expounded the idea that illusions are merely habitual responses in a work that discusses the title discipline's methods of (+) analysis, introspection, experiment, and comparison. He claimed that we do not run from a bear because we are scared, but that we are scared because we run, in his theory of emotions. He likened George Fox to El Greco in his Gifford Lectures, which discuss the (*) Varieties of Religious Experience. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote Principles of Psychology and Pragmatism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 363 ], [ 364, 494 ], [ 495, 610 ], [ 611, 698 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Hanseatic} League [or {Hansa}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These states formed such alliances as the Tohopesate and the Confederation of Cologne against a rival country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hanseatic_League", "proto_id": "5476992cea23cca90550a964", "qanta_id": 15378, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These states formed such alliances as the Tohopesate and the Confederation of Cologne against a rival country. Albrecht of Mecklenburg opposed that rival country by leading some pirates called the Victual Brothers, who competed with these states for control of the Baltic under the name Likedeelers. These states finally defeated that rival country, (*) Denmark, by forcing Valdemar IV to sign the Treaty of Straslund, which freed Visby and gave them control of the Baltic, including the port city of Lubeck. Sometimes the enemy of the Kalmar Union, for 10 points, name this medieval trade alliance of Northern Europe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 299 ], [ 300, 508 ], [ 509, 618 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Albania} [or {Republika e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb} ({shih}-{PUH}-{reese})]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The League of Prizren called for the independence of this nation, which was declared in 1912 by the Vl\u00f6re (VLAWR-uh) Proclamation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albania", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550a9c0", "qanta_id": 15470, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The League of Prizren called for the independence of this nation, which was declared in 1912 by the Vl\u00f6re (VLAWR-uh) Proclamation. Fan Noli's attempts to liberalize this country after World War I by bringing it into the League of Nations were opposed by the conservative bajraktars (bay-ROCK-tars). The bajraktars (bay-ROCK-tars) were later targeted by the Sigurimi (sih-GOO-ree-may), the secret police of a communist ruler of this state who claimed descent from the hero (*) Skanderbeg. For 10 points, name this Balkan country whose 1939 invasion by Italy under King Zog gave way to the communist rule of Enver Hoxha (EN-vur HAW-jah).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 298 ], [ 299, 487 ], [ 488, 635 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Pompey} the Great", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Plutarch contrasts this man with Agesilaus II and claims he told defenders of a city \"Stop quoting laws to us.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pompey", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550a9d5", "qanta_id": 15491, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Plutarch contrasts this man with Agesilaus II and claims he told defenders of a city \"Stop quoting laws to us. We carry swords.\" His son Sextus held off Octavian and Antony's forces in Sicily until 36 BC. This man received accolades for defeating (*) Mithridates VI. The eunuch Pothinus convinced Ptolemy XIII to behead this man after battles at Dyrrhachium and Pharsalus forced him to flee to Egypt. For 10 points, name this Roman general who fought Julius Caesar in a civil war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 128 ], [ 129, 204 ], [ 205, 266 ], [ 267, 400 ], [ 401, 480 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Prague}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This city's Detsky or Children's Island sits across a bridge from Frank Gehry's Dancing House.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prague", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aa2b", "qanta_id": 15577, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This city's Detsky or Children's Island sits across a bridge from Frank Gehry's Dancing House. Monarchs who lived in this city would traditionally pass through its \"Powder Tower,\" into its Old Town, and to St. Vitus's Cathedral for coronations. This city is situated on the (*) Vltava River. This city's namesake castle is the largest in the world, and was the site of a 1618 event in which Count Thurn threw two men out of a window. For 10 points, name this capital of the historical Bohemian Kingdom and current capital of the Czech Republic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 244 ], [ 245, 291 ], [ 292, 433 ], [ 434, 544 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Japan} [or {Nihon}-{koku}; or {Nippon}-{koku}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A soldier from this country infamously struck U.S. consul John Allison.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aa7a", "qanta_id": 15656, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A soldier from this country infamously struck U.S. consul John Allison. During peacetime, the U.S. gunboat Panay was bombed by this country. Its actions were criticized by the U.S. in the Stimson Doctrine. Camps such as Heart Mountain and Manzanar housed emigrants from this country during the 1940s. For 10 points, name this country which fought against the US in the Pacific theater of World War II.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 140 ], [ 141, 205 ], [ 206, 300 ], [ 301, 401 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Cry}, {the Beloved Country}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The action of this novel is delayed when one character has to travel to a colony for the blind, leading others to discuss the author of the treatise \"The Truth About Native Crime.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aa8f", "qanta_id": 15677, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The action of this novel is delayed when one character has to travel to a colony for the blind, leading others to discuss the author of the treatise \"The Truth About Native Crime.\" The central character tries to hire a lawyer through the help of Father Vincent and is assisted by his Anglican colleague Msimangu. The protagonist finds out that his sister Gertrude is a prostitute and cannot prevent (*) Absalom's execution for killing Arthur Jarvis. Stephen Kumalo attempts to save his son from the apartheid justice system in, for 10 points, what novel by Alan Paton?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 179, 312 ], [ 313, 402 ], [ 403, 449 ], [ 450, 568 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Shinto", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The creation myth of this religion includes a story about the so-called \"Leech Child.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shinto", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aa91", "qanta_id": 15679, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The creation myth of this religion includes a story about the so-called \"Leech Child.\" Another story in this religion tells how Amenouzume (AH-men-oh-oo-zoo-may) drew the sun goddess out of a cave. Harae is a purification rite in this religion, which includes (*) ujigami and hitogami divisions. Izanagi and Izanami are the main figures in this religion's creation story, and Amaterasu (ah-MAH-teh-RA-soo) is this religion's sun goddess. For 10 points, kami are deities in what Japanese religion that once promoted deification of the emperor?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 197 ], [ 198, 295 ], [ 296, 437 ], [ 438, 542 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Beowulf", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A section of this poem known as the \"Lay of the Last Survivor\" is sometimes considered to be its fourth funeral.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Beowulf", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aa93", "qanta_id": 15681, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A section of this poem known as the \"Lay of the Last Survivor\" is sometimes considered to be its fourth funeral. One character in this poem leaves the lake in which she lives in order to get revenge on Heorot (HAIR-ut). She is killed by this poem's hero, who later kills a dragon with the help of Wiglaf and earlier comes to the aid of (*) Hrothgar, killing a monster which has been ravaging his court. For 10 points, name this Old English poem whose title character slays Grendel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 219 ], [ 220, 402 ], [ 403, 481 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{iron}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A well-preserved pillar made from this material is the centerpiece of the Qutb temple complex built in the fourth century in Delhi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iron", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aaa7", "qanta_id": 15701, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A well-preserved pillar made from this material is the centerpiece of the Qutb temple complex built in the fourth century in Delhi. The Nok culture was the first in Africa to use this material in agriculture. A discredited theory claims that the Sea Peoples were responsible for the widespread use of this technology, which was monopolized by the (*) Hittite Empire they conquered. Thought to account for the superiority of the Zhou and Assyrian Empires, for 10 points, identify this metal that made for stronger weapons than bronze and could be refined into steel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 208 ], [ 209, 381 ], [ 382, 565 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{antibodies} [or {antibody}; or {immunoglobulins}; or {Ig}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The exons of these proteins attach via non-homologous end joining to perform class-switching.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antibody", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aab8", "qanta_id": 15718, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The exons of these proteins attach via non-homologous end joining to perform class-switching. The \"12/23\" rule achieves efficient V(D)J recombination of these proteins. The two heavy and two light (*) chains that comprise them vary among the five isotypes of them that exist for mammals. Their epitopes are uniquely recognized by the molecules they form an induced fit with. These are secreted by B cells. For 10 points, identify these proteins used by the immune system against foreign antigens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 168 ], [ 169, 287 ], [ 288, 374 ], [ 375, 405 ], [ 406, 496 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pablo {Neruda} [or Neftali Ricardo {Reyes} Basoalto]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote \"It so happens I am sick of being a man\" in the poem \"Walking Around.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aad6", "qanta_id": 15748, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote \"It so happens I am sick of being a man\" in the poem \"Walking Around.\" One of his collections contains a poem beginning \"I like for you to be still: it is as though you were absent,\" and one beginning \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines.\" \"The Heights of Machu (*) Picchu\" is one section of his poetic history of Latin America, Canto General. For 10 points, name this Chilean poet of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 218 ], [ 218, 257 ], [ 258, 361 ], [ 362, 443 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Mahatma {Gandhi} [or {Mohandas} Karamchand {Gandhi}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This person's protest of a reserved number of seats for the \"harijan\" led to a compromise called the Poona Pact.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mahatma_Gandhi", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aad7", "qanta_id": 15749, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This person's protest of a reserved number of seats for the \"harijan\" led to a compromise called the Poona Pact. One event initiated by this man was ended by the signing of a pact between Lord Irwin and him. This man led a walk from Sabarmati to Dandi in protest of a tax in the Salt March. His time in politics began when he worked as a (*) lawyer in South Africa and continued until he was assassinated by Nathuram Godse. For 10 points, name this leader of the \"satyagraha\" movement who used nonviolent resistance to achieve Indian independence.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 207 ], [ 208, 290 ], [ 291, 423 ], [ 424, 547 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Otto Eduard Leopold von {Bismarck}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After the breakdown of the Gastein Convention, this man went to war with Austria in the Seven Weeks' War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_von_Bismarck", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aaf1", "qanta_id": 15775, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After the breakdown of the Gastein Convention, this man went to war with Austria in the Seven Weeks' War. His minister of education, Adalbert Falk, enacted the May Laws, which closed a large number of seminaries in his country. Those laws were part of this man's anti-Catholic Kulturkampf. This man edited a telegram from France called the (*) Ems Dispatch, which resulted in the Franco-Prussian War. For 10 points, name this practitioner of realpolitik who was known as the \"Iron Chancellor\" and founded the German Empire under Wilhelm I in 1871.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 227 ], [ 228, 289 ], [ 290, 400 ], [ 401, 547 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Leo Nikolayevich {Tolstoy}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A grave that is only six feet long ultimately turns out to answer the title question in this author's short story \"How Much Land Does a Man Need?\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aaf5", "qanta_id": 15779, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A grave that is only six feet long ultimately turns out to answer the title question in this author's short story \"How Much Land Does a Man Need?\" A man named Olenin leaves for the Caucasus in his novel The Cossacks. In another work by this author, the title civil servant reflects back on his life after suffering a fatal fall installing curtains in his apartment. This author of The Death of Ivan (*) Ilyich wrote a work in which the lover of Count Vronsky commits suicide on a railway. For 10 points, name this author of Anna Karenina and War and Peace.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 216 ], [ 217, 365 ], [ 366, 398 ], [ 399, 402 ], [ 403, 488 ], [ 489, 556 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Thirty Years} ' {War}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The War of the Mantuan Succession was part of this conflict that saw Ambrosio Spinola capture Breda.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thirty_Years'_War", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab06", "qanta_id": 15796, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The War of the Mantuan Succession was part of this conflict that saw Ambrosio Spinola capture Breda. The Battle of White Mountain was a defeat for Frederick V's forces in this war. One event at the beginning of this conflict saw two diplomats thrown out a window, which was called the Second Defenestration of Prague. This war included the brutality of the general (*) Albrecht von Wallenstein. The Battle of Breitenfeld was a victory for Gustavus Adolphus. For 10 points, name this religious war ended by the Peace of Westphalia that lasted from 1618 to 1648.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 180 ], [ 181, 317 ], [ 318, 394 ], [ 395, 457 ], [ 458, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Don Quixote} [accept either name of {Alonso Quixano}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This character's books about Amadis of Gaul are burned by a priest at the beginning of the novel in which he appears.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab09", "qanta_id": 15799, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This character's books about Amadis of Gaul are burned by a priest at the beginning of the novel in which he appears. This character sees a barber wearing a washbasin on his head, mistaking it for Mambrino's helmet. His defeat at the hands of the Knight of the White Moon does not cause this rider of (*) Rocinante to abandon his quest, which is driven by his love for Dulcinea. For 10 points, name this elderly knight who attacks windmills with his squire Sancho Panza in a Miguel de Cervantes novel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 215 ], [ 216, 378 ], [ 379, 501 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Raphael} [or {Raffaello} Sanzio da Urbino]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist's portrait of his mistress is sometimes known as La Fornarina, and as a youth, he contributed to \"Christ Giving the Keys to Saint Peter\" as a student of Pietro Perugino.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Raphael", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab0d", "qanta_id": 15803, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist's portrait of his mistress is sometimes known as La Fornarina, and as a youth, he contributed to \"Christ Giving the Keys to Saint Peter\" as a student of Pietro Perugino. He included two pensive cherubs resting on their elbows in his Sistine Madonna, and painted Jesus and John the Baptist holding a bird in his Madonna of the Goldfinch. Another of his paintings is found in the Stanza della Segnatura and depicts (*) Plato, Aristotle, Diogenes, and others under an arch. For 10 points, name this Renaissance painter of The School of Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 348 ], [ 349, 482 ], [ 483, 552 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Frank Lloyd {Wright}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man called the kitchen the \"workspace\", and placed the automobile at the center of his \"Usonian\" designs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Lloyd_Wright", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab18", "qanta_id": 15814, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man called the kitchen the \"workspace\", and placed the automobile at the center of his \"Usonian\" designs. One building designed by this man uses a brick fa\u00e7ade to emphasize a series of overlapping horizontal surfaces. In addition to the Robie House and other Prairie Style works, he used the Mayan revival style in a work which survived a 1923 earthquake, and extended cantilevered floors over (*) Bear Run in a Pennsylvania house built for Edgar Kaufmann. For 10 points, name this American architect of the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo and Fallingwater.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 222 ], [ 223, 461 ], [ 462, 554 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Hastings}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The victors of this battle were trapped by a ditch known as the Malfosse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Hastings", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab1b", "qanta_id": 15817, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The victors of this battle were trapped by a ditch known as the Malfosse. One side in this battle used a feigned retreat when they were unable to break through the other side's shield wall. That the English army had just fought the Battle of Stamford Bridge was one factor in Harold II's defeat at this battle. It was a decisive victory for (*) William of Normandy, who gained the nickname \"the Conqueror.\" For 10 points, name this Norman victory during the invasion of England in 1066.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 189 ], [ 190, 310 ], [ 311, 406 ], [ 407, 486 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sim\u00f3n {Bol\u00edvar}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This commander won a victory over Jose de Canterac at the Battle of Junin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sim\u00f3n_Bol\u00edvar", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab28", "qanta_id": 15830, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This commander won a victory over Jose de Canterac at the Battle of Junin. He defeated a force led by Miguel de la Torre at the Battle of Carabobo. Another one of this man's victories came after the Vargas Swamp Battle and saw fighting around a bridge over the Teatinos River. After winning the Battle of Boyaca and winning other battles against the Spanish with the help of (*) Antonio Jose de Sucre, he attempted to rule over Gran Colombia. For 10 points, name this man known as \"the liberator\" for his work freeing much of South America from Spanish rule.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 147 ], [ 148, 276 ], [ 277, 442 ], [ 443, 558 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Virginia {Woolf}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's works features a main character who ages thirty-six years over three centuries and undergoes a sex change halfway through.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Virginia_Woolf", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab2d", "qanta_id": 15835, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's works features a main character who ages thirty-six years over three centuries and undergoes a sex change halfway through. This author of Orlando also wrote a book which includes the suicide of shell-shocked Septimus Smith, while another examines the plight of a hypothetical \"Judith (*) Shakespeare.\" For 10 points, name this author of Mrs. Dalloway who wrote that \"a woman must have money\" and the title abode \"if she is to write fiction\" in A Room Of One's Own.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 322 ], [ 323, 485 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "ferromagnetism", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Materials with this property can produce a series of audible clicks in the presence of an increasing magnetic field, via the Barkhausen (\"BARK\"-how-zen) Effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ferromagnetism", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab38", "qanta_id": 15846, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Materials with this property can produce a series of audible clicks in the presence of an increasing magnetic field, via the Barkhausen (\"BARK\"-how-zen) Effect. Pierre-Ernest Weiss explained this property by proposing the existence of domains, which are all (*) aligned in this property. This property no longer exists above the Curie temperature, and materials with this property provide the canonical examples of hysteresis (HISS-tur-EE-sis). For 10 points, identify this type of magnetism most commonly exhibited by iron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 287 ], [ 288, 444 ], [ 445, 524 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{World War I} [accept equivalents]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poet wrote that if he should die in this conflict, \"think only that there's some corner of a foreign field that is forever England.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "World_War_I", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab3c", "qanta_id": 15850, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poet wrote that if he should die in this conflict, \"think only that there's some corner of a foreign field that is forever England.\" Another poet wrote about the blood \"gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs\" of a victim of this conflict. Another poet described soldiers in this conflict as \"bent double, like old beggars under sacks\" and warned civilians not to repeat \"the Old Lie.\" Poets who wrote about this war include (*) Siegfried Sassoon and Rupert Brooke. For 10 points, name this conflict depicted in Wilfred Owen's \"Dulce et Decorum Est.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 243 ], [ 244, 389 ], [ 390, 469 ], [ 470, 554 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Vietnam", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One leader of this country called himself \"The Prince of Pacification\" and promoted the Hong Duc legal code.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vietnam", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab45", "qanta_id": 15859, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One leader of this country called himself \"The Prince of Pacification\" and promoted the Hong Duc legal code. That leader was Le Loi. An early independence movement in this country was led by a duo that drowned themselves at the junction of the Day and Red rivers after being defeated by General Ma Yuan. That duo was the Trung Sisters. A portion of this nation was once led by a man who was murdered by ARVN forces in (*) 1963; that leader was Ngo Dinh Diem. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian nation, another portion of which was once led by Ho Chi Minh.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 132 ], [ 133, 303 ], [ 304, 335 ], [ 336, 458 ], [ 459, 561 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Incan} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This empire's fortress of Sacsahuaman was built with precisely-fitted stone blocks carried across large distances without wheeled vehicles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab58", "qanta_id": 15878, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This empire's fortress of Sacsahuaman was built with precisely-fitted stone blocks carried across large distances without wheeled vehicles. This empire absorbed the Chimu civilization, and its records and messages were kept on elaborate knotted strings called quipus. It reached its height under Huayna Capac, and that ruler's decision to divide this empire between Huascar and (*) Atahualpa led to a civil war that weakened this empire shortly before the arrival of Francisco Pizarro. For 10 points, name this South American empire located in present-day Peru.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 267 ], [ 268, 485 ], [ 486, 561 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Henri Matisse", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this artist's paintings, a woman in black sets a plate of fruit on a tablecloth patterned with blue vines.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henri_Matisse", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab5a", "qanta_id": 15880, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this artist's paintings, a woman in black sets a plate of fruit on a tablecloth patterned with blue vines. His painting of five nude figures joining hands in a circle can be seen in the background of his Le bonheur de vivre, or The Joy of Life. This artist of The Red Room and The Dance is associated with Georges Rouault and Andr\u00e9 Derain due to his involvement in a movement named after the French word for (*) \"beasts.\" For 10 points, name this French artist who pioneered Fauvism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 254 ], [ 255, 430 ], [ 430, 493 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Las {Meninas} [accept The {Maids} of {Honor} before mentioned]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Mariana of Austria is one figure that can be seen in this painting, which also includes a man pausing in the background on a flight of stairs and a large brown dog resting in the bottom front right.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Las_Meninas", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab68", "qanta_id": 15894, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Mariana of Austria is one figure that can be seen in this painting, which also includes a man pausing in the background on a flight of stairs and a large brown dog resting in the bottom front right. In the background, two figures of royalty can be seen reflected in a mirror. This painting shows a scene inside the Alcazar palace of Philip IV; to the far left is the painter himself working on a large canvas while in the center a group of servants, or ladies in waiting, attend to the (*) Infanta Margarita. For 10 points, name this painting by Diego Velazquez whose title translates as \"The Maids of Honor\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 198 ], [ 199, 275 ], [ 276, 508 ], [ 509, 609 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "To Kill A Mockingbird", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A church in this novel is called First Purchase because it was the first thing bought by freed slaves.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "To_Kill_a_Mockingbird", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab71", "qanta_id": 15903, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A church in this novel is called First Purchase because it was the first thing bought by freed slaves. The protagonist of this novel is frightened by Cecil Jacobs while in a ham costume. The protagonist of this novel helps to break up a potential lynch mob whose target is a man wrongly accused of raping Mayella Ewell, Tom Robinson. That event sees the protagonist accompanied by (*) Dill and her brother Jem, who breaks his arm in an attack largely thwarted by Boo Radley. For 10 points, name this novel featuring Scout and Atticus Finch by Harper Lee.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 186 ], [ 187, 333 ], [ 334, 474 ], [ 475, 554 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Robert Lee {Frost}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man evoked the myth of Adam and Eve in such poems as \"Kitty Hawk.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab78", "qanta_id": 15910, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man evoked the myth of Adam and Eve in such poems as \"Kitty Hawk.\" Another poem describes how \"magnified apples appear and disappear,\" and a third claims that \"So Eden sank to grief, so dawn goes down to day.\" In addition to \"After Apple Picking\" and \"Nothing Gold Can Stay,\" this man wrote about woods that are \"lovely, dark, and (*) deep\" in a poem whose speaker has \"miles to go\" before he sleeps. For 10 points, name this author of \"Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening\" who wrote in \"Mending Wall\" that \"good fences make good neighbors.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 214 ], [ 215, 405 ], [ 406, 547 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Aristotle} [or {Aristotles}]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker was succeeded by Theophrastus (THEE-oh-FRASS-tuss) as leader of his school.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristotle", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab7b", "qanta_id": 15913, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker was succeeded by Theophrastus (THEE-oh-FRASS-tuss) as leader of his school. Commentaries on his work form the bulk of the philosophy of Averroes (AH-vuh-ROE-ess). He named his major work on ethics after his son, and he put forth the \"impetus\" theory of motion in his Physics. This leader of the Peripatetic school was a (*) tutor of Alexander the Great, and himself was a student of Plato. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek, whose Politics and Nichomachean Ethics are foundational texts of philosophy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 175 ], [ 176, 288 ], [ 289, 402 ], [ 403, 519 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{collagen}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An error in the synthesis of this protein causes Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Collagen", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab7c", "qanta_id": 15914, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An error in the synthesis of this protein causes Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Other than elastin, it is the only human protein to contain hydroxyproline. Every third amino acid in its main helix is a glycine. This protein forms a triple helix which then forms a fibrous structure in extra-cellular spaces.(*) Gelatin is made by hydrolyzing this protein. It is a major component of cartilage. It is the most abundant protein in the human body. For 10 points, name this protein found in the skin and the tendons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 148 ], [ 149, 203 ], [ 204, 300 ], [ 300, 303 ], [ 304, 348 ], [ 349, 386 ], [ 387, 437 ], [ 438, 505 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Barber} of {Seville} [or {Il Barbiere di Siviglia}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the first act of this opera, the housekeeper Berta lets in a man acting like a drunken soldier, who is not arrested when he reveals his identity to the police.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Barber_of_Seville", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab82", "qanta_id": 15920, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the first act of this opera, the housekeeper Berta lets in a man acting like a drunken soldier, who is not arrested when he reveals his identity to the police. That disguised character also pretends to be the student Lindoro and the music teacher Don Alonso, the latter in place of Don Basilio. The title character of this opera is first seen singing about his importance in the aria (*) \"Largo al factotum.\" For 10 points, name this Rossini opera in which Don Bartolo's ward Rosina is married to Count Almaviva through the trickery of the title servant, Figaro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 297 ], [ 298, 388 ], [ 388, 410 ], [ 410, 565 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "James Fenimore {Cooper}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author lost popularity by refusing to let families picnic on Three Mile Point, causing him to try to rehabilitate his public standing by writing a novel about Judith and Hetty Hutter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Fenimore_Cooper", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab8d", "qanta_id": 15931, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author lost popularity by refusing to let families picnic on Three Mile Point, causing him to try to rehabilitate his public standing by writing a novel about Judith and Hetty Hutter. Another of his novels ends with the deaths of Cora Munro and Uncas, who is fatally stabbed by Magua. This author gained acclaim for a series of novels about the relationship between (*) Chingachgook and an American nicknamed \"the Deerslayer.\" For 10 points, name this author who wrote about Natty Bumppo in his Leatherstocking Tales, which include his novel The Last of the Mohicans.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 188 ], [ 189, 289 ], [ 290, 431 ], [ 432, 572 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Igor {Stravinsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer celebrated the end of World War Two with a \"rather too commercial\" D-flat sixth chord in his Symphony in Three Movements, and omitted violins from his Symphony of Psalms.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Igor_Stravinsky", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab91", "qanta_id": 15935, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer celebrated the end of World War Two with a \"rather too commercial\" D-flat sixth chord in his Symphony in Three Movements, and omitted violins from his Symphony of Psalms. A high bassoon solo opens one of his works subtitled \"Pictures from Pagan Russia.\" Another of his collaborations with Serge Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes features Prince Ivan breaking the spell of Kashchei the Immortal by smashing a magical egg with the help of the title (*) glowing bird. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Rite Of Spring and The Firebird.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 267 ], [ 268, 477 ], [ 478, 559 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Michael {Faraday}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this man's namesake effect, a magnetic field rotates the plane of polarized light.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michael_Faraday", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ab97", "qanta_id": 15941, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this man's namesake effect, a magnetic field rotates the plane of polarized light. This man was the first to produce sub-freezing temperatures in the laboratory, and he developed the laws of electrolysis. This man developed the idea of \"lines of force\" to describe electric and magnetic fields, and invented the first (*) dynamo. His namesake law states that the negative time rate of change of the magnetic flux through a closed loop equals the induced emf (E-M-F) in the loop. For 10 points, name this English physicist who demonstrated induction.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 207 ], [ 208, 332 ], [ 333, 481 ], [ 482, 552 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "viscosity ", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The so-called \"thixo\" index is derived by measuring this property at different shear rates.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550abb1", "qanta_id": 15967, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The so-called \"thixo\" index is derived by measuring this property at different shear rates. One form of this property is the coefficient of proportionality between shear stress and the velocity gradient. By Stokes's Law, the drag force on a sphere is equal to six pi times the sphere's diameter times its velocity times this property of the fluid. (*) Newtonian fluids have a constant value for this property, which comes in dynamic and kinematic forms. For 10 points, name this resistance of a fluid to flow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 203 ], [ 204, 347 ], [ 348, 453 ], [ 454, 509 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Russia} [or {Russian Federation}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One person from this country married a British citizen named Alex before serving as the alleged CEO of PropertyFinder LLC.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550abbc", "qanta_id": 15978, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One person from this country married a British citizen named Alex before serving as the alleged CEO of PropertyFinder LLC. Matt Taibbi and Mark Ames founded a widely read English newspaper in this nation called \"The eXile.\" It is the home nation of Cynthia Murphy and Anna Chapman, two members of the so-called \"Illegals Program\" who were arrested in the (*) U.S. and swapped for prisoners in this nation in 2010. For 10 points, name this country whose spies were captured in the U.S. in 2010, and which is nominally led by president Dmitri Medvedev.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 222 ], [ 222, 413 ], [ 414, 550 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Fran\u00e7ois {Chopin} [or Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The dissonant minor second intervals of this composer's fifth \u00e9tude led to its nickname, \"Wrong Note.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric_Chopin", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550abc6", "qanta_id": 15988, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The dissonant minor second intervals of this composer's fifth \u00e9tude led to its nickname, \"Wrong Note.\" This composer's Opus twenty-eight preludes include one nicknamed \"Raindrop.\" His piano works include his Fantasie-Impromptu in C sharp minor, as well as the \"Military\" and \"Heroic\" (*) polonaises (pol-uh-NEYZ-ess). He composed many mazurkas inspired by dances from his home country, and carried on a ten-year relationship with George Sand. For 10 points, name this man who was inspired by the November Uprising to compose his \"Revolutionary\" \u00e9tude (EY-tood), a Polish pianist and composer from the first hald of the nineteenth century.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 179 ], [ 180, 317 ], [ 318, 442 ], [ 443, 638 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ieoh Ming {Pei}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This architect drew inspiration from local cliff-dwelling structures to design the Mesa Laboratory for the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and used the triangle as a basic building block for the East Building of the National Gallery of Art.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I._M._Pei", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550abcb", "qanta_id": 15993, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This architect drew inspiration from local cliff-dwelling structures to design the Mesa Laboratory for the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and used the triangle as a basic building block for the East Building of the National Gallery of Art. His initial vision for the John F. Kennedy Library included a truncated glass pyramid, a motif he would return to in Cleveland's (*) Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and to cover the underground entrance to the Louvre. For 10 points, name this Chinese-American architect.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 250 ], [ 251, 464 ], [ 465, 517 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Candide}; or, {Optimism} [or {Candide}; {ou l'Optimisme}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel makes fake \"Persian stuff\" for sale in Holland, and that character helps to pay for the syphilis treatment of another character.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Candide", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550abcd", "qanta_id": 15995, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel makes fake \"Persian stuff\" for sale in Holland, and that character helps to pay for the syphilis treatment of another character. This novel concludes by stating, \"We must cultivate our garden.\" The title character travels to Eldorado with Cacambo and later both end up in Constantinople. The main character is in love with (*) Cun\u00e9gonde and was tutored by Pangloss, who serves as a parody of Leibniz. For 10 points, name this work by Voltaire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 220 ], [ 220, 315 ], [ 316, 428 ], [ 429, 471 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Oliver Cromwell", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This leader was responsible for the massacre of a garrison in Drogheda (DROY-eh-duh).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oliver_Cromwell", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550abde", "qanta_id": 16012, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This leader was responsible for the massacre of a garrison in Drogheda (DROY-eh-duh). A mutiny of soldiers who supported the Levellers was put down by this man, who served in the army of those soldiers under Thomas Fairfax. This man received power from the Instrument of Government and dissolved the Rump Parliament and the Parliament of Saints. Before coming to power, he served in the (*) New Model Army. For 10 points, name this man briefly succeeded by his son Richard who came to power after the execution of Charles I to serve as the Lord Protector of England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 223 ], [ 224, 345 ], [ 346, 406 ], [ 407, 566 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Garden} of {Earthly Delights}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, a cherry on a string attached to a stick is hung in front of a flying animal, while on the right, a pig is comically dressed in a nun's outfit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550abfc", "qanta_id": 16042, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, a cherry on a string attached to a stick is hung in front of a flying animal, while on the right, a pig is comically dressed in a nun's outfit. A cave expelling many birds and a pink fountain can be seen on its left side, while in this work's center people ride various animals around a circular lake. Although this work's right panel depicts torture and the horrors of Hell, the majority of this painted work depicts a (*) paradise filled with extravagance in contrast with the simplicity of Eden. For 10 points, name this triptych by Hieronymus Bosch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 315 ], [ 316, 512 ], [ 513, 567 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Wallace {Stevens}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote about \"white night-gowns,\" none of which are \"purple with green rings,\" in the poem \"Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wallace_Stevens", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac04", "qanta_id": 16050, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote about \"white night-gowns,\" none of which are \"purple with green rings,\" in the poem \"Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock.\" He wrote about Crispin's journey of self-discovery in \"The Comedian as the Letter C.\" He also wrote a poem in which \"the only moving thing / was the eye of\" the title (*) bird and a poem in which \"the only emperor is\" the title figure. For 10 points, name this poet of \"Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird\" and \"The Emperor of Ice-Cream.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 219 ], [ 220, 369 ], [ 370, 476 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's fourth symphony opens with a fanfare which he identified as the \"fate\" theme.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac0d", "qanta_id": 16059, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's fourth symphony opens with a fanfare which he identified as the \"fate\" theme. This composer of the Variations on a Rococo Theme and a first piano concerto rejected by Nikolai Rubenstein dedicated that fourth symphony to his patroness, Nadezhda von Meck. He is also known for a ballet about a curse which turns Odette into the title (*) bird, and one named after a toy owned by Clara which turns into a prince. For 10 points, name this composer of Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 269 ], [ 270, 425 ], [ 426, 492 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Robert Browning} [prompt on {Browning}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet described God as the one who \"fixed thee \u2018mid this dance, of plastic circumstance\" in a poem about a Spanish religious leader.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Browning", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac11", "qanta_id": 16063, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet described God as the one who \"fixed thee \u2018mid this dance, of plastic circumstance\" in a poem about a Spanish religious leader. Another of his narrators proclaims \"all her hair, in one long yellow string I wound, three times her little throat around\" in describing the murder of Porphyria (poor-FEAR-ee-uh). This author of (*) \"Rabbi Ben Ezra\" also created a narrator who recalls the \"gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name\" while looking at a portrait by Fra Pandolf. For 10 points, name this writer of \"My Last Duchess,\" the husband of fellow poet Elizabeth Barrett.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 316 ], [ 317, 476 ], [ 477, 576 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Gregor Samsa} [accept either name]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This character prizes a picture of a lady in a fur hat and fur boa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Metamorphosis", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac1b", "qanta_id": 16073, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This character prizes a picture of a lady in a fur hat and fur boa. At the beginning of the work in which he appears, he has missed the five o'clock train and worries about catching the seven o'clock train. Later, he receives a wound from an apple, and he is confined to his room while his family takes in lodgers in an attempt to replace the income he used to earn as a traveling (*) salesman. For 10 points, name this character who upon waking discovers he has been turned into a \"monstrous vermin\" in Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 206 ], [ 207, 394 ], [ 395, 536 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The Tale of {Genji} [or {Genji} Monogatari]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, one character's attempt to see the title character in a parade ends with her carriage being damaged by the title character's wife's servants.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tale_of_Genji", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac1e", "qanta_id": 16076, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, one character's attempt to see the title character in a parade ends with her carriage being damaged by the title character's wife's servants. Another character is always given away by his plum blossom scent. The latter character is Kaoru and the former is the Lady Rakujo, whose spirit possesses Lady Aoi and a character who shares her name with this work's (*) author. The title character is the son of the Emperor and a concubine. For 10 points, name this Japanese novel about Heian court life, written by Murasaki Shikibu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 222 ], [ 223, 384 ], [ 385, 447 ], [ 448, 540 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Argentina} [or {Argentine} Republic; or Republica {Argentina}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The early history of this country includes the Battle of Cepeda and constitutions written in the years 1819 and 1826, the second of which was overthrown along with Bernardino Rivadavia after he failed to obtain sufficient popular support.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Argentina", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac31", "qanta_id": 16095, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The early history of this country includes the Battle of Cepeda and constitutions written in the years 1819 and 1826, the second of which was overthrown along with Bernardino Rivadavia after he failed to obtain sufficient popular support. One of its dictators, who was toppled by forces led by Justo Jose de Urquiza at the Battle of Caseros, was Juan Manuel de (*) Rosas. After the Great Depression and World War II, this country's descamisados, or \"shirtless ones,\" helped usher in the rule of Juan Peron. For 10 points, name this country ruled from Buenos Aires.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 238 ], [ 239, 371 ], [ 372, 506 ], [ 507, 564 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Achille-Claude {Debussy}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the second movement of one of this composer's works, a passage evoking La Marseillaise succeeds the Lutheran hymn \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac37", "qanta_id": 16101, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the second movement of one of this composer's works, a passage evoking La Marseillaise succeeds the Lutheran hymn \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.\" That work, In Black and White, was composed at roughly the same time as his Cello Sonata. A flute solo represents the title character in his setting of the Mallarm\u00e9 poem (*) Prelude to the Afternoon of a Fawn. \"Play of the Waves\" is the title of the second movement of his symphony La Mer. For 10 points, name this French composer whose Suite Bergamesque includes the song \"Claire de Lune.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 118, 148 ], [ 149, 238 ], [ 239, 358 ], [ 359, 438 ], [ 439, 539 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man concluded that the mathematical difficulties inherent in solving his system of ten namesake field equations presented a \"serious impediment\" to advancement of one theory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Einstein", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac3a", "qanta_id": 16104, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man concluded that the mathematical difficulties inherent in solving his system of ten namesake field equations presented a \"serious impediment\" to advancement of one theory. His namesake model of solids was a precursor of the Debye model, and he also showed that the law E equals h nu is not specific to (*) blackbody radiation. His namesake relation deals was introduced in one of his papers on Brownian motion. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the photoelectric effect, but is best known for a theory which predicts length contraction and time dilation. For 10 points, name this formulator of the theory of general relativity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 334 ], [ 335, 418 ], [ 419, 578 ], [ 579, 651 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Cry}, {the Beloved Country}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At the end of this novel, help comes to the main characters' village from the agricultural expert Napoleon Letsitsi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac41", "qanta_id": 16111, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the end of this novel, help comes to the main characters' village from the agricultural expert Napoleon Letsitsi. One character in this work follows his cousin Matthew and Johannes Parfuri and is defended by Mr. Carmichael in a murder trial. This work starts with the main character leaving the village of Ndotsheni when he gets news that his sister Gertrude is sick. That character's son (*) Absalom killed Arthur Jarvis. For 10 points, name this work in which Stephen Kumalo goes to Johannesburg, which was written by Alan Paton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 244 ], [ 245, 370 ], [ 371, 395 ], [ 396, 425 ], [ 426, 534 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Magic Flute} or {Die Zauberflote}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Monostatos tries to pursue a princess who was supposedly kidnapped by Sarastro in this work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac42", "qanta_id": 16112, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Monostatos tries to pursue a princess who was supposedly kidnapped by Sarastro in this work. The queen instructs her daughter to kill Sarastro and gives her a dagger in this work, and one character breaks his vow of fasting by accepting water from an old woman. That old woman later turns out to be (*) Papagena, who eventually settles down with Papageno. Prince Tamino is given the title object and is told to rescue Pamina at the beginning of this opera. For 10 points, name this opera by Mozart about an enchanted instrument.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 261 ], [ 262, 355 ], [ 356, 456 ], [ 457, 528 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Ming} Dynasty [or {Empire} of the {Great Ming}; or {Ming Chao}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Vietnamese national hero Le Loi defended his country against this dynasty's forces.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ming_dynasty", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac43", "qanta_id": 16113, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Vietnamese national hero Le Loi defended his country against this dynasty's forces. The Fish Scale Records were used to calculate taxes by this dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor. This dynasty's Yong-le Emperor ordered the construction of Beijing's Forbidden City. The (*) Yuan Dynasty fell during the Red Turban Rebellion, which brought this dynasty to power. Zheng He was a eunuch admiral who explored under this dynasty's banner. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that began in the 1300s and was renowned for its porcelain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 182 ], [ 183, 267 ], [ 268, 275 ], [ 276, 363 ], [ 364, 435 ], [ 436, 536 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "One Hundred Years of Solitude [or {Cien a\u00f1os} de soledad]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An eating competition with a woman known as The Elephant occurs in this novel, which also details a massacre of banana-farm workers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac50", "qanta_id": 16126, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An eating competition with a woman known as The Elephant occurs in this novel, which also details a massacre of banana-farm workers. It ends with one character finally deciphering a message written by the gypsy Melqu\u00edades, who earlier introduces another character to ice. During his military conquests, that character fathers seventeen children with the name (*) Aureliano. This novel sees \u00darsula live to a supernatural age, and with her husband Jos\u00e9 Arcadio Buend\u00eda she establishes the town of Macondo. For 10 points, name this novel by Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 271 ], [ 272, 373 ], [ 374, 503 ], [ 504, 561 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Tin Drum} [or {Die Blechtrommel}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the protagonist believes himself to be the father of Maria Truczinski's child and later goes to jail after he claims to have murdered Sister Dorothea, a nurse from D\u00fcsseldorf.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac57", "qanta_id": 16133, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, the protagonist believes himself to be the father of Maria Truczinski's child and later goes to jail after he claims to have murdered Sister Dorothea, a nurse from D\u00fcsseldorf. This novel, which forms part of a series with The Dog Years and Cat and Mouse, concerns a man who can shatter glass with his voice and stops growing at the age of three. This first part of the Danzig Trilogy focuses on a character named Oskar Matzerath. For 10 points, name this novel by G\u00fcnter Grass titled after a metallic instrument.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 360 ], [ 361, 444 ], [ 445, 527 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Tin Drum} [{Die Blechtrommel}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At one point in this novel, the protagonist plays jazz at the club Onion Cellar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac5b", "qanta_id": 16137, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At one point in this novel, the protagonist plays jazz at the club Onion Cellar. Earlier, the protagonist of this work claims that he is Jesus and leads the Dusters in stealing government supplies from offices. In this work, Agnes dies from eating fish obsessively and Alfred dies by swallowing a Nazi party pin. Like the clown Bebra, the protagonist of this work refuses to grow past age three remains a dwarf. For 10 points, Oskar Matzerath constantly holds the title instrument in what first work of the Danzig Trilogy, written by G\u00fcnter Grass?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 210 ], [ 211, 312 ], [ 313, 411 ], [ 412, 547 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Tin Drum} [or {Die Blechtrommel}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, an Italian sleepwalker is killed off when an artillery bombards her at Normandy, and the protagonist is sent to jail for murder because of Vittlar's testimony.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac5c", "qanta_id": 16138, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, an Italian sleepwalker is killed off when an artillery bombards her at Normandy, and the protagonist is sent to jail for murder because of Vittlar's testimony. Jan Blonski has an affair with the protagonist's mother Agnes, whose husband Alfred commits suicide by swallowing a badge. The protagonist of this work decides to stop (*) growing at the age of three, when he chooses to start beating the title object. This novel is followed up by Cat and Mouse and Dog Years in its author's Danzig Trilogy. For 10 points name this novel about Oscar Matzerath, written by Gunter Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 297 ], [ 298, 426 ], [ 427, 515 ], [ 516, 593 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Yom Kippur}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "On the eve of this holiday, some followers perform the kapporot (kah-pah-ROHT) ritual of swinging a chicken over their heads.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yom_Kippur", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac64", "qanta_id": 16146, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "On the eve of this holiday, some followers perform the kapporot (kah-pah-ROHT) ritual of swinging a chicken over their heads. The Al Cheit (ahl KHAYT) and Ashamnu (ah-SHAHM-noo) are two prayers of this holiday, which once included the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton by the High Priest. It closes with the Ne'ila (neh-EE-lah) service and includes the Aramaic (*) Kol Nidre (KOHL nee-DRAY) prayer. Requiring a twenty-five hour fast, it occurs on the tenth of Tishrei, five days before Sukkot (soo-KOHT) and about nine days after Rosh Hashana. For 10 points, name this Jewish day of atonement.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 290 ], [ 291, 366 ], [ 367, 400 ], [ 401, 545 ], [ 546, 595 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Teapot Dome} scandal", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Investigation into this event was led by Senator Thomas J. Walsh.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Teapot_Dome_scandal", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac69", "qanta_id": 16151, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Investigation into this event was led by Senator Thomas J. Walsh. This incident became possible after a request was made by Edwin Denby, which allowed for Edward Doheny and Harry Sinclair to lease lands transferred from the Department of the Navy to the Department of the (*) Interior. Those leases made without competitive bidding were orchestrated by Albert Fall and included Elk Hills and the namesake location. For 10 points, name this scandal involving oil fields that occurred during the presidency of Warren G. Harding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 285 ], [ 286, 414 ], [ 415, 526 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Tempest}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "W.H. Auden's long poem \"The Sea and the Mirror\" is subtitled \"a commentary\" on this work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tempest", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac72", "qanta_id": 16160, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "W.H. Auden's long poem \"The Sea and the Mirror\" is subtitled \"a commentary\" on this work. In this play, two drunkards named Stephano and Trinculo bribe one character with clothing from a stolen suitcase. The witch Sycorax sired one character in this play, which also includes a spirit who conjures visions of gods. (*) Ariel and Caliban appear in this play, in which Miranda is the daughter of a former duke who can perform magic. For 10 points, name this play in which Prospero conjures the title storm in an attempt to regain the Duchy of Milan, written by Shakespeare.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 203 ], [ 204, 314 ], [ 315, 318 ], [ 319, 430 ], [ 431, 571 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Vienna} [or {Wien}; or {Wean}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One painter depicted philosophy, medicine, and jurisprudence on the ceiling of a university in this city; those works were destroyed by fleeing SS troops in 1945.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vienna", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ac73", "qanta_id": 16161, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One painter depicted philosophy, medicine, and jurisprudence on the ceiling of a university in this city; those works were destroyed by fleeing SS troops in 1945. This city was home to the artist of Bride of the Wind, who paired up with Egon Schiele (SHAY-luh) and another artist to create its namesake \"Secession.\" That artist is also known for his gold-inspired Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I and (*) The Kiss. For 10 points, name this city that was home to Gustav Klimt and two schools of composers, a noted art mecca in Austria.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 315 ], [ 316, 399 ], [ 400, 403 ], [ 404, 413 ], [ 414, 533 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Guy de {Maupassant}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this man, the soldier Georges Duroy becomes a leading journalist and political figure with the help of Madeleine Forestier.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Guy_de_Maupassant", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550acad", "qanta_id": 16219, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this man, the soldier Georges Duroy becomes a leading journalist and political figure with the help of Madeleine Forestier. In a story by this author, a man is accused of stealing a wallet after bending down to pick up the title piece of string. This author of Bel Ami set many of his stories during the (*) Franco-Prussian War. He wrote a story about the devastating realization that the title item is a fake after Madame Loisel loses it at a party. For 10 points, name this French short story writer who authored \"The Necklace.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 261 ], [ 262, 344 ], [ 345, 466 ], [ 467, 546 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{black holes} [or {event horizon} before \"three parameters\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Introducing a flat space approximation for their outer regions into their metric yields Rindler geometry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550acb1", "qanta_id": 16223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Introducing a flat space approximation for their outer regions into their metric yields Rindler geometry. One proposed solutions to their information loss problem is the holographic principle. One theorem states that these objects are describable by just three parameters. One type is named for Kerr and their size can be thought of as the (*) Schwarzschild radius. Surrounded by an event horizon, they contain a singularity. They can be formed by the collapse of massive stars. For 10 points, name this objects from which light cannot escape.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 192 ], [ 193, 272 ], [ 273, 365 ], [ 366, 425 ], [ 426, 478 ], [ 479, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Eugene Gladstone {O\u2019Neill}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one play by this author, a man signs onto the ship Londonderry after leaving the Simeon Winthrop and saving Mat Burke from a shipwreck.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550acb4", "qanta_id": 16226, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one play by this author, a man signs onto the ship Londonderry after leaving the Simeon Winthrop and saving Mat Burke from a shipwreck. That play, about an old sailor's reaction to his estranged daughter's sexual life, mirrors this author's own relationship with his daughter Oona, who married Charlie Chaplin. This playwright of Anna (*) Christie also wrote about Harry Hope's bar in The Iceman Cometh and about the tubercular Edmund and morphine-addicted Mary Tyrone. For 10 points, name this author of Long Day's Journey Into Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 313 ], [ 314, 337 ], [ 338, 472 ], [ 473, 538 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The Book of {Mormon}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one incident in this book, Coriantumr (kuh-RYE-an-toom-urr) decapitates Shiz, who continues to stand up and struggle for breath for several moments afterwards.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Book_of_Mormon", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550acba", "qanta_id": 16232, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one incident in this book, Coriantumr (kuh-RYE-an-toom-urr) decapitates Shiz, who continues to stand up and struggle for breath for several moments afterwards. Other episodes in this text include the emigration of the \"brother of Jared\" and the war between the Nephites and the Lamanites. The same organization that follows this text believes that in 1830, a man used a pair of glasses, called Urim and Thummim, to decode this work from (*) gold plates buried in the ground. For 10 points, identify this central book of a Christian denomination founded by Joseph Smith.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 291 ], [ 292, 477 ], [ 478, 572 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Coriolis} force [or {Coriolis} effect]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "When put in the momentum equation, this quantity is represented mathematically as two times capital omega cross v. When the Rossby number equals one, the net acceleration is due to this quantity, as gravitational and centripetal accelerations cancel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coriolis_force", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550acbf", "qanta_id": 16237, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When put in the momentum equation, this quantity is represented mathematically as two times capital omega cross v. When the Rossby number equals one, the net acceleration is due to this quantity, as gravitational and centripetal accelerations cancel. The Beta Effect describes the variation in this quantity with (*) latitude, such that it is zero at the equator and a maximum at the poles. For 10 points, name this weak force caused by the rotation of the Earth, which contrary to myth does not actually make toilets flush in different directions in different hemispheres.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 250 ], [ 251, 390 ], [ 391, 573 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Romania", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One leader of this nation and its Muscovite faction was Ana Pauker.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romania", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550accc", "qanta_id": 16250, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One leader of this nation and its Muscovite faction was Ana Pauker. Another leader of this nation, Iuliu Maniu, resigned as prime minister in 1930 to protest the return of King Carol II. This nation was also led by a man who promoted neo-Stalinism with his 1971 July Theses. That leader of this country caused unrest in part by appointing his wife Elena deputy prime minister and by his plan to bulldoze thousands of villages and convert them to (*) \"agrotechnical centers.\" For 10 points, name this nation that was once ruled by the communist regime of Nicolae Ceausescu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 186 ], [ 187, 274 ], [ 275, 473 ], [ 473, 572 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Camille {Saint}-{Saens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's final symphony includes two pianos, maintains a four-movement structure despite only having one break, and features a primary theme based on the Dies Irae.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Camille_Saint-Sa\u00ebns", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550acd2", "qanta_id": 16256, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's final symphony includes two pianos, maintains a four-movement structure despite only having one break, and features a primary theme based on the Dies Irae. Another piece of his features a violin playing in 2/4 time over an orchestra playing in 6/8. In addition to Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso and the \"Organ\" Symphony, his 3rd, this composer used xylophones to represent (*) \"fossils\" in a suite whose best known section is \"Le Cygne\". For 10 points, name this French composer of Carnival of the Animals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 264 ], [ 265, 457 ], [ 458, 526 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Harold {Pinter}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's plays features the deathbed revelations of Andy, who describes the starkly contrasting relationship he has with his two sons, Fred and Jake, with that of his daughter Bridget.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Harold_Pinter", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550acf7", "qanta_id": 16293, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's plays features the deathbed revelations of Andy, who describes the starkly contrasting relationship he has with his two sons, Fred and Jake, with that of his daughter Bridget. This author of Moonlight wrote a work in which a seemingly sexual encounter between Ruth and Joey occurs despite Ruth's marriage to Joey's brother Teddy. In another of his plays, Gus and Ben, two potential assassins, await (*) instructions from the title device but are repeatedly disappointed. For 10 points, name this author of The Homecoming and The Dumbwaiter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 197, 350 ], [ 351, 491 ], [ 492, 561 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Alexander {Pope}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote about the \"eternal sunshine of the spotless mind\" in the poem \"Eloisa to Abelard.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Pope", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550acfa", "qanta_id": 16296, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote about the \"eternal sunshine of the spotless mind\" in the poem \"Eloisa to Abelard.\" Another of his works contains aphorisms such as \"To err is human, to forgive divine\" and \"A little learning is a dangerous thing.\" His satirical works include a celebration of (*) Dullness which mocks Colley Cibber and a mock-heroic epic poem in which a tress of Belinda's hair is stolen. For 10 points, name this poet of The Dunciad and The Rape of the Lock.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 229 ], [ 230, 387 ], [ 388, 458 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{triangle}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Lucas circles can be drawn by inscribing a square in this other geometric shape.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Triangle", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ad0e", "qanta_id": 16316, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Lucas circles can be drawn by inscribing a square in this other geometric shape. Clark Kimberling has catalogued over three thousand centers of this shape, some of which include the Nagel point and the nine-point center. Kimberling center X1 refers to the point at which the angular bisectors intersect; that point does not necessary lie on the Euler line, unlike the (*) circumcenter, orthocenter, and centroid. For 10 points, name this geometric shape whose angles add up to one hundred eighty degrees and has three sides.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 224 ], [ 225, 416 ], [ 417, 528 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{dogs}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Two of these creatures can be seen in the foreground beside some musicians in Paolo Veronese's The Wedding at Cana, while another painting depicts one with rapidly moving feet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ad15", "qanta_id": 16323, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two of these creatures can be seen in the foreground beside some musicians in Paolo Veronese's The Wedding at Cana, while another painting depicts one with rapidly moving feet. In addition to that work by Giacomo Balla that shows its \"dynamism,\" this animal can also be seen moving through snow on the left side Hunters in the Snow. A white one stands near a grave in (*) The Burial at Ornans while a small brown one stands between the married couple in The Arnolfini Wedding. For 10 points, name these animals which C.M. Coolidge depicted playing poker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 332 ], [ 333, 371 ], [ 372, 476 ], [ 477, 554 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Willa {Cather}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about residents' disdain for a renowned craftsman upon receiving his corpse in \"The Sculptor's Funeral,\" which was published in this author's collection The Troll Garden.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willa_Cather", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ad1c", "qanta_id": 16330, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about residents' disdain for a renowned craftsman upon receiving his corpse in \"The Sculptor's Funeral,\" which was published in this author's collection The Troll Garden. This author also chronicled Thea Kronborg's quest to become an opera star in The Song of the Lark, and wrote a novel narrated by Jim Burden from Black Hawk, Nebraska, My (*) Antonia. Another novel by this author details the love of Carl Linstrum for the protagonist Alexandra Bergson. For 10 points, name this American author who wrote about frontier life in such novels as O Pioneers!.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 188 ], [ 189, 371 ], [ 372, 473 ], [ 474, 575 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sir Peter Paul {Rubens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist's The Honeysuckle Bower shows him with his wife, Isabella Brant.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_Paul_Rubens", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ad22", "qanta_id": 16336, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist's The Honeysuckle Bower shows him with his wife, Isabella Brant. Nicodemus agitatedly bites a white cloth at the top of another work by this man, who also painted a conflict on a bridge in Battle of the Amazons. The Exchange of Princesses and The Apotheosis of Henry IV are part of this artist's Marie de Medici cycle, and in a well known work, the pale corpse of (*) Christ is removed after the Crucifixion. For 10 points, name this Flemish Baroque painter of the Descent from the Cross, known for painting heavy nude women.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 223 ], [ 224, 420 ], [ 421, 537 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Poseidon", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure transformed the nymph Caenis into a male warrior who was killed after being pounded into the ground by centaurs, and with Tyro this figure fathered Neleus and Pelias.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poseidon", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ad25", "qanta_id": 16339, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure transformed the nymph Caenis into a male warrior who was killed after being pounded into the ground by centaurs, and with Tyro this figure fathered Neleus and Pelias. Along with Aegeus, this immortal fathered Theseus, and also fathered Arion after mating with his sister Demeter in the form of a stallion. This god of horses sent King Minos the bull that became the father of the minotaur, and also sought revenge on (*) Odysseus for killing another of his sons, the Cyclops Polyphemus, by increasing the length of his journey home by causing a massive storm that shipwrecked him. For 10 points, name this Greek god of the sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 317 ], [ 318, 592 ], [ 593, 639 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Gioachino Rossini", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this composer, Ninetta hopes to marry Giannetto but is falsely accused of stealing a spoon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gioachino_Rossini", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ad3c", "qanta_id": 16362, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this composer, Ninetta hopes to marry Giannetto but is falsely accused of stealing a spoon. The evil governor Gesler appears in one work by this man, while another work sees a man assume the name Lindoro and includes the arias Largo al factotum and Una voce poco fa. In addition to The Thieving Magpie, this man composed an opera in which Count (*) Almaviva hopes to earn the love of Rosina. In another of his operas the title character shoots an apple off of Jemmy's head. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of such operas as The Barber of Seville and William Tell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 281 ], [ 282, 406 ], [ 407, 488 ], [ 489, 588 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Eakins}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist's The Fairman Rogers Four in Hand was based off the photographs of Eadweard Muybridge who showed that all four of a horse's legs leave the ground while it is galloping.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Eakins", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ad62", "qanta_id": 16400, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist's The Fairman Rogers Four in Hand was based off the photographs of Eadweard Muybridge who showed that all four of a horse's legs leave the ground while it is galloping. One work by this artist shows a group of six naked men swimming in a lake. In another work by this painter, a man in the foreground sits in a rowboat while on the Schuylkill River. In addition to (*) The Swimming Hole and Max Schmitt in a Single Scull, this artist painted a work in which a group of students listen to a lecture by the title professor about a surgery being performed at Jefferson Medical College. For 10 points, name this American artist of The Gross Clinic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 255 ], [ 256, 361 ], [ 362, 594 ], [ 595, 656 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Things {Fall Apart}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Characters in this novel eventually discover that the royal python was killed by Enoch.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Things_Fall_Apart", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ad6f", "qanta_id": 16413, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Characters in this novel eventually discover that the royal python was killed by Enoch. Its main character gains respectability by throwing \"the cat.\" One figure of authority in this book is the Oracle of the Hills and Caves. In this novel, a school is built by Mr. Brown, who is a missionary sent to the village. The central figure is exiled for killing (*) Ikemefuna (IK-ey-muh-FOO-nuh). For 10 points, name this novel, which is about the downfall of Okonkwo in British-colonized Nigeria and was written by Chinua Achebe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 149 ], [ 149, 225 ], [ 226, 313 ], [ 314, 389 ], [ 390, 523 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Barber} of Seville, or The Useless Precaution [or Il {barbiere} di Siviglia, ossia L'inutile", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the aria \"La calunnia \u00e8 un venticello,\" (lah cah-loo-NEE-ah ey oon ven-tee-CHEL-", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Barber_of_Seville", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ad7a", "qanta_id": 16424, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the aria \"La calunnia \u00e8 un venticello,\" (lah cah-loo-NEE-ah ey oon ven-tee-CHEL-oh) one character in this opera suggests starting rumors about the protagonist. That employer is served by Ambrogio and Berta, and pays for a music teacher, Don Basilio. The most widely-performed piece from this opera is (*) \"Largo al factotum,\" which is sung by the title character, who helps Count Almaviva win the hand of Rosina. For 10 points, identify this opera about Figaro by Gioachino Rossini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 83, 162 ], [ 163, 252 ], [ 253, 415 ], [ 416, 485 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Rite Of Spring} [or Le {Sacre du printemps}; or {Vesna svyashchennaya}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The scenario for this musical work was first conceived by Nicholas Roerich (ROAR-ik), who designed its costumes and sets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Rite_of_Spring", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ad97", "qanta_id": 16453, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The scenario for this musical work was first conceived by Nicholas Roerich (ROAR-ik), who designed its costumes and sets. Excerpts from it accompany an animation of the prehistoric earth and dinosaurs in Walt Disney's Fantasia. Subtitled \"Pictures from Pagan Russia,\" this Sergei Diaghilev (dee-AH-gil-ev) production begins with a high bassoon solo. Its choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky ends with a young girl dancing (*) herself to death in a sacrificial ritual. For 10 points, name this ballet that caused a riot at its 1913 Paris premiere by Igor Stravinsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 227 ], [ 228, 349 ], [ 350, 462 ], [ 463, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Leo Nikolayevich {Tolstoy}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One short story by this author tells of how the Devil helped Pahom (pah-HOME) acquire lots of real estate, while another story tells of Trukhashevsky's (TROO-kah-SHEV-skee's) affair with Pozdnishef's (\"PAUSED\"-nee-shev's) wife.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550adac", "qanta_id": 16474, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One short story by this author tells of how the Devil helped Pahom (pah-HOME) acquire lots of real estate, while another story tells of Trukhashevsky's (TROO-kah-SHEV-skee's) affair with Pozdnishef's (\"PAUSED\"-nee-shev's) wife. Those stories are \"How Much Land Does a Man Need?\" and \"The Kreutzer (KROYT-zer) Sonata.\" This author recounted the (*) last days of a dying judge in The Death of Ivan Ilyich (ILL-ee-itch). For 10 points, name this author of Anna Karenina (kah-REN-inn-uh) and War and Peace.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 227 ], [ 228, 317 ], [ 318, 417 ], [ 418, 502 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Stephen {Crane}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote a story in which four campers believe a hermit who invites them to a game of cards is an Aztec priest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stephen_Crane", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550adc4", "qanta_id": 16498, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote a story in which four campers believe a hermit who invites them to a game of cards is an Aztec priest. In addition to writing \"Four Men in a Cave,\" this man wrote a story in which the easterner claims that he \"refused to stand up and be a man\" after witnessing Scully's son cheat the Swede in a game of cards. That story is (*) \"The Blue Hotel.\" For 10 points, name this author of a story about the Cook, the Correspondent, and the Oiler, \"The Open Boat,\" as well as The Red Badge of Courage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 324 ], [ 325, 344 ], [ 344, 360 ], [ 361, 507 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{sulfuric} acid [or oil of {vitriol} it is read; or {H2SO4} before it is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This compound is produced in a process that uses Glover towers to remove nitrogen oxide called the lead chamber process.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfuric_acid", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ade6", "qanta_id": 16532, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This compound is produced in a process that uses Glover towers to remove nitrogen oxide called the lead chamber process. This compound and a gas that generates it are found in a solution called oleum, which is formed with a vanadium pentoxide catalyst in the contact process. Also called \"oil of vitriol,\" it is a major component of car batteries, Venus's atmosphere, and (*) acid rain. For 10 points, name this acid with formula H2SO4.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 275 ], [ 276, 386 ], [ 387, 436 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Japan} [or {Nihon}-{koku}; or {Nippon}-{koku}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote about a criminal whose climb to heaven is ended when he refuses to let others follow behind him on the title object.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550adea", "qanta_id": 16536, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author from this country wrote about a criminal whose climb to heaven is ended when he refuses to let others follow behind him on the title object. This home to the author of \"The Spider's Thread\" had an author write about a group of children confined to a plague-stricken village. Another writer from this country wrote a work titled after a mechanical toy about (*) Toru Okada. For 10 points, name this nation home to Nip the Buds, Shoot the Kids and The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle authors Kenzaburo Oe and Haruki Murakami.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 285 ], [ 286, 383 ], [ 384, 525 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Raphael} Sanzio [or {Raphael Sanzio}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Oddi Chapel contains this man's Coronation of the Virgin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Raphael", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550adec", "qanta_id": 16538, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Oddi Chapel contains this man's Coronation of the Virgin. This artist showed a kneeling Saint Jerome and Mary Magdalene before the cross in his Mond Crucifixion. Another of his works shows John the Baptist and Jesus Christ as infants holding a bird. This artist of the Madonna of the Goldfinch painted his La Disputa in the Stanza della segnatura, a room which also contains a work where (*) Plato and Aristotle are surrounded by other ancient Greek scholars. For 10 points, name this artist of The School of Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 165 ], [ 166, 253 ], [ 254, 463 ], [ 464, 520 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Anne {Bradstreet}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem, this author wrote that the value of the subject's love was worth \"more than whole mines of gold or all the riches that the East doth hold.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anne_Bradstreet", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550adf1", "qanta_id": 16543, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem, this author wrote that the value of the subject's love was worth \"more than whole mines of gold or all the riches that the East doth hold.\" Another work by this poet looks at a place where once \"lay that store\" the poet \"counted best,\" which now (*) \"in ashes lie.\" She wrote that poem after her house caught fire. For 10 points, name this early American female poet of \"To My Dear and Loving Husband\" and \"Verses Upon the Burning of Our House\" who had her works published in The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 277 ], [ 277, 278 ], [ 279, 327 ], [ 328, 384 ], [ 384, 503 ], [ 504, 532 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{trumpet}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Victor Mahillon created the small \"Bach\" form of this instrument.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trumpet", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550adf2", "qanta_id": 16544, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Victor Mahillon created the small \"Bach\" form of this instrument. The natural form of this instrument doesn't have valves. Many of Purcell's works contain sections called \"tunes\" for this instrument. Anton Weidinger created a keyed version, prompting Haydn to write a concerto for it in E flat major. Jeremiah Clark's The Prince of Denmark's March is sometimes called a voluntary for it. This instrument is played by (*) Wynton Marsalis. It is similar to a cornet. For 10 points, name this B flat brass instrument which was played by Louis Armstrong.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 122 ], [ 123, 199 ], [ 200, 300 ], [ 301, 387 ], [ 388, 420 ], [ 421, 437 ], [ 438, 464 ], [ 465, 550 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{special relativity} [prompt on relativity; do not accept \"general relativity\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Measurements can be transformed in this theory using Lorentz transformations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Special_relativity", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ae1a", "qanta_id": 16584, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Measurements can be transformed in this theory using Lorentz transformations. This theory was proposed in a 1905 paper, the same year in which its formulator proposed theories to explain capillary action and Brownian motion. The underlying principle of this theory is that the speed of (*) light is the same for all reference frames, allowing one to derive that energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. For 10 points, name this theory proposed by Einstein that is contrasted with a \"general\" counterpart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 224 ], [ 225, 414 ], [ 415, 516 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{mollusca} [or {mollusks}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The characteristic feature of this phylum of animals is composed of a matrix of conchiolin (conk-EYE-o-lin) which binds to aragonite.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mollusca", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ae40", "qanta_id": 16622, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The characteristic feature of this phylum of animals is composed of a matrix of conchiolin (conk-EYE-o-lin) which binds to aragonite. The ctenidia (ten-ID-ee-uh) are a breathing apparatus in this phylum which includes periwinkles and conniwinks. The chiton (KAI-ton) is an extremely primitive member of this phylum, whose members possess a scraping feature used for collecting food called the radula (RAD-yoo-luh). Among the classes found in this phylum are cephalopods, (*) gastropods, and bivalves. For 10 points, name this class of shelled invertebrates that includes mussels and clams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 245 ], [ 246, 414 ], [ 415, 500 ], [ 501, 589 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{glaciers}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Alternating light and dark bands found at the base of these geological formations are known as ogives (OH-jives).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glacier", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ae4e", "qanta_id": 16636, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Alternating light and dark bands found at the base of these geological formations are known as ogives (OH-jives). These formations erode the surrounding terrain through processes known as plucking and abrasion. Such erosion can lead to the development of indentations known as (*) cirques (SEERKS), which often have small lakes referred to as tarns. They form crevasses on their surface. For 10 points, name these large flows of ice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 210 ], [ 211, 349 ], [ 350, 387 ], [ 388, 433 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Mexico} [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote The Traps of Faith about an earlier writer from this nation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ae59", "qanta_id": 16647, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author from this country wrote The Traps of Faith about an earlier writer from this nation. That writer is also known for the poem \"Sunstone.\" Another writer from this country of Sor Juana Ines De La Cruz imagined a dying soldier and member of the PRI recalling his life in The Death of Artemio Cruz. That author from this country was inspired by the disappearance of (*) Ambrose Bierce to write The Old Gringo. For 10 points, Carlos Fuentes and Octavio Paz hail from what large Latin American country?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 146 ], [ 147, 304 ], [ 305, 375 ], [ 376, 415 ], [ 416, 506 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Karl {Marx}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker responded to the idea that the title group must give up their identity for political freedom in On the Jewish Question.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Karl_Marx", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ae5b", "qanta_id": 16649, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker responded to the idea that the title group must give up their identity for political freedom in On the Jewish Question. He wrote a thorough critique of Hegel's Elements of the Philosophy of Right. This man worked on a treatise that criticized the title system for exploitation of the labor market. Another work cowritten by this thinker described the ideal triumph of the (*) proletariat over the bourgeoisie. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who with Friedrich Engels wrote Das Kapital and The Communist Manifesto.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 209 ], [ 210, 310 ], [ 311, 422 ], [ 423, 539 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Peru}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One president of this country was known as El Manguerazo after the police turned water cannons on his supporters, while another president created the Grupo Calina death squad, which carried about the La Cantuta massacre.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peru", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ae61", "qanta_id": 16655, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One president of this country was known as El Manguerazo after the police turned water cannons on his supporters, while another president created the Grupo Calina death squad, which carried about the La Cantuta massacre. In 1996, the Japanese embassy in this nation was taken over by the MRTA. This nation, which was once ruled by Fernando Terry, is also home to an organization which took a group of Techint employees hostage and detonated a bomb on Tarata Street. That Maoist group was led by Abimael Guzman and called (*) Shining Path. For 10 points, name this country which was once presided over by Alberto Fujimori, with capital at Lima.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 220 ], [ 221, 293 ], [ 294, 465 ], [ 466, 538 ], [ 539, 643 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Henry {James}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote of the cousin of Ralph Touchett, a woman who is courted by Lord Warburton before marrying Gilbert Osmond in one work, and of Miles and Flora, who are cared for by an unnamed governess, in another work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_James", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ae72", "qanta_id": 16672, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote of the cousin of Ralph Touchett, a woman who is courted by Lord Warburton before marrying Gilbert Osmond in one work, and of Miles and Flora, who are cared for by an unnamed governess, in another work. Yet another work by this man features a woman who refuses the affections of (*) Winterbourne before dying of malaria, which she catches at the Coliseum. For 10 points, name this author of The Portrait of a Lady, The Turn of the Screw, and Daisy Miller.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 217, 369 ], [ 370, 469 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Edvard Hagerup {Grieg}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer of the concert overture \"In Autumn\" wrote a five-movement Baroque-style suite for string orchestra called \"In Holberg's Time.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ae7a", "qanta_id": 16680, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer of the concert overture \"In Autumn\" wrote a five-movement Baroque-style suite for string orchestra called \"In Holberg's Time.\" A tympani roll opens this man's Piano Concerto in A minor, his only completed concerto. He included \"Anitra's Dance\" and \"Morning Mood\" in a set of two four-movement suites taken from incidental music to an (*) Ibsen play. For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer whose \"In The Hall Of The Mountain King\" comes from his Peer Gynt Suites.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 139, 140 ], [ 141, 228 ], [ 229, 363 ], [ 364, 481 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Battle of Hastings", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This battle was preceded by the landing at Pevesney, and it took place at Senlac Hill.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Hastings", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ae7f", "qanta_id": 16685, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This battle was preceded by the landing at Pevesney, and it took place at Senlac Hill. This battle was preceded by the defeat of Harald Hardrata at Stamford Bridge. According to the Bayeux Tapestry, one commander at this battle died after getting struck in the (*) eye by an arrow. Two months after this battle, the victor was crowned king in London. For 10 points, name this 1066 battle in which the forces of Harold II were defeated by the Norman forces under William the Conqueror.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 164 ], [ 165, 281 ], [ 282, 350 ], [ 351, 484 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Federal Republic of {Nigeria}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A southwestern state of this country takes its name from the former Oyo Empire.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nigeria", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550ae90", "qanta_id": 16702, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A southwestern state of this country takes its name from the former Oyo Empire. Port Harcourt is the center of this nation's petroleum industry, which drew criticism following the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa. The Igbo are an ethnic group in the southeastern portion of this country, which attempted to secede and form the nation of Biafra. Along with Niger, Cameroon, and Chad, this nation borders Lake Chad. For 10 points, name this most populous nation of Africa, with such cities as its capital, Abuja, and the port Lagos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 203 ], [ 204, 334 ], [ 335, 403 ], [ 404, 520 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Daniel {Webster}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He was accused of being \"the pensioned agent of the manufacturing interest\" after New York and Boston businessmen supplemented his Senate income in 1845.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Daniel_Webster", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aec7", "qanta_id": 16757, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was accused of being \"the pensioned agent of the manufacturing interest\" after New York and Boston businessmen supplemented his Senate income in 1845. He argued for his alma mater before the Supreme Court in Dartmouth v. Woodward. This man also had a debate with South Carolina's Robert Hayne over nullification. For 10 points, name this Massachusetts Whig statesman who negotiated an 1842 treaty establishing the border between Maine and New Brunswick with Baron Ashburton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 233 ], [ 234, 315 ], [ 316, 477 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{kinetic} energy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the Lagrangian, an additive term representing this quantity does not have its sign changed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kinetic_energy", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aee1", "qanta_id": 16783, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the Lagrangian, an additive term representing this quantity does not have its sign changed. This value is equal to three halves temperature times Boltzmann's constant. For an object, the increase in it is equal to the definite integral of force over time, meaning its change is equal to the work performed on the object. It is conserved in an elastic collision. It has a rotational form and a translation form, which is equal to one half mass times velocity squared. For 10 points, name this energy of motion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 170 ], [ 171, 323 ], [ 324, 364 ], [ 365, 469 ], [ 470, 512 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{weak} force [or {weak} interaction]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This interaction is described by an extension of the GIM mechanism, the CKM matrix, and an experiment by Chien-Shiung Wu showed that this interaction violates parity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Weak_interaction", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aefa", "qanta_id": 16808, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This interaction is described by an extension of the GIM mechanism, the CKM matrix, and an experiment by Chien-Shiung Wu showed that this interaction violates parity. It is mediated by heavy W and Z bosons and is capable of changing flavor, and one property of this interaction was posited by Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg. That property is this force's interaction with the electromagnetic force. For 10 points, name this physical force that is not as powerful as the strong force.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 322 ], [ 323, 396 ], [ 397, 481 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Tennessee {Williams} [or Thomas Lanier {Williams}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this man, Doctor Cukrowicz (kew-KROH-vihts) is offered a grant to perform a lobotomy on Catharine Holly due to her telling stories about Sebastian Venable.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tennessee_Williams", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550aefe", "qanta_id": 16812, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this man, Doctor Cukrowicz (kew-KROH-vihts) is offered a grant to perform a lobotomy on Catharine Holly due to her telling stories about Sebastian Venable. That work by this man is Suddenly, Last Summer. The former Episcopal preacher Larry Shannon is a tour guide for a Sunday school class in Mexico in this man's Night of the Iguana. Another of his plays sees Stanley Kowalski abuse his wife Stella and her cousin, Blanche DuBois. For 10 points, name this author of A Streetcar Named Desire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 218 ], [ 219, 349 ], [ 350, 446 ], [ 447, 507 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Aztecs", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One god of these people created the moon by tossing his sister's head into the sky after defeating her and his 400 brothers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aztec", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550af12", "qanta_id": 16832, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One god of these people created the moon by tossing his sister's head into the sky after defeating her and his 400 brothers. After being impregnated by a ball of feathers, another deity of these people gave birth to twins, one of whom fights Tezcatlipoca (tez-KAHT-lee-POH-kuh) and is depicted as a \"feathered serpent.\" For 10 points, name these Mesoamerican people who misidentified Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s to be their god Quetzalcoatl (KET-zul-koh-AH-tul).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 319 ], [ 320, 448 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Langston {Hughes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He wrote of his travels through Asia with Arthur Koestler in his second autobiography, I Wonder as I Wander.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550af14", "qanta_id": 16834, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote of his travels through Asia with Arthur Koestler in his second autobiography, I Wonder as I Wander. As a poet, he wrote the repeated line \"life for me ain't been no crystal stair\" in \"Mother to Son\" and described a musician who droned a \"drowsy syncopated tune\" in \"The Weary Blues.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers,\" a leading figure of the Harlem Renaissance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 291 ], [ 291, 399 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Stanley {Milgram}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one experiment, this psychologist showed that people are more likely to mail a lost letter to a socially acceptable recipient.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stanley_Milgram", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550af2b", "qanta_id": 16857, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one experiment, this psychologist showed that people are more likely to mail a lost letter to a socially acceptable recipient. He instructed people in Kansas and Nebraska to get a package to a stockbroker in Boston in his small world experiment. For 10 points, name this American psychologist who conducted an experiment in which people showed obedience to authority by administrating seemingly painful shocks to strangers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 248 ], [ 249, 426 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of {India} [or {Bharatiya Ganarajya}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One emperor in this modern-day nation erected pillars bearing his edicts.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "India", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550af38", "qanta_id": 16870, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One emperor in this modern-day nation erected pillars bearing his edicts. This nation's \"Golden Age\" included the rule of Samudra (suh-MOO-druh). The \"Treatise on Polity\" was a book that advised rulers of one empire in this country, and is also known as the \"Arthashastra\" (AR-thuh-SHAH-strah). Emperors of kingdoms in this modern-day nation include Ashoka (ah-SHOW-kuh) and Chandragupta (\"SHAWN\"-druh-GOOP-tuh). For 10 points, name this nation that was home to the Mauryan (MORE-yin) Dynasty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 145 ], [ 146, 294 ], [ 295, 412 ], [ 413, 493 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "\"The Rime of the Ancient {Mariner}\"", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The speaker of this poem meets a hermit who asks \"What manner of man art thou?", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550af3c", "qanta_id": 16874, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The speaker of this poem meets a hermit who asks \"What manner of man art thou?\" The revised version of this poem featured the addition of an explanatory gloss. In this poem, the Wedding Guest is accosted and cries \"unhand me, gray-beard loon!\" but is held transfixed by a \"glittering eye\" and hears a tale which features \"water, water everywhere nor any drop to drink.\" For 10 points, an old sailor brings misfortune upon his ship by shooting an albatross in what poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 78, 79 ], [ 80, 159 ], [ 160, 243 ], [ 244, 368 ], [ 368, 369 ], [ 370, 496 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{sulfuric} acid", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This substance reacts with sodium chloride in the Mannheim process.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfuric_acid", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550af45", "qanta_id": 16883, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This substance reacts with sodium chloride in the Mannheim process. This substance is created industrially through a process that employs vanadium (vuh-NAY-dee-um) oxide as a catalyst, the contact process. A certain trioxide combined with this compound is called oleum (OH-lee-um), and this compound's two hydrogen atoms per ionizable molecule makes it diprotic. For 10 points, name this strong acid found in car batteries with formula H-two S-O four.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 205 ], [ 206, 362 ], [ 363, 451 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "distillation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One type of this procedure may use a device called a Kugelrohr (KOO-gehl-roar) and is the \"vacuum\" type.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Distillation", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550af46", "qanta_id": 16884, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One type of this procedure may use a device called a Kugelrohr (KOO-gehl-roar) and is the \"vacuum\" type. This process utilizes another apparatus that may be named after either Vigreux (vih-GROO) or Liebig (LEE-big). One key principle in this procedure is Raoult's (raw-OOLT's) Law, since it describes the vapor pressure of a solution. A compound on which this procedure cannot be performed is called an azeotrope (AY-zee-oh-trope). For 10 points, name this method of physically separating liquids by boiling.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 168 ], [ 169, 215 ], [ 216, 334 ], [ 335, 431 ], [ 432, 508 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Mexico} [or {United Mexican States}; or {Estados Unidos _Mexicanos}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In October 2010 in this country, twenty-year-old college student Marisol Valles Garc\u00eda agreed to replace Manual Castro in a position that had been vacant for a year after Castro was beheaded.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550af8e", "qanta_id": 16956, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In October 2010 in this country, twenty-year-old college student Marisol Valles Garc\u00eda agreed to replace Manual Castro in a position that had been vacant for a year after Castro was beheaded. That job as police chief of border city Guerrero in this country has been dangerous due to the war on drug cartels started in earnest in 2006. For 10 points, name this North American country currently led by Felipe Calder\u00f3n.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 334 ], [ 335, 416 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Claude {Debussy} [or Claude-{Achille Debussy}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer parodied Richard Wagner's \"Tristan chord\" in a ragtime-inspired movement of a piece meant to evoke childhood.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550af90", "qanta_id": 16958, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer parodied Richard Wagner's \"Tristan chord\" in a ragtime-inspired movement of a piece meant to evoke childhood. He used a flute solo to open a piece inspired by the frolicking of a Stephen Mallarme (MAH-lar-may) title character. This composer of the Children's Corner also wrote the opera Pelleas and Melisande and a work that depicts the \"play of the waves.\" For 10 points, name French impressionist composer who wrote La Mer and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 240 ], [ 241, 371 ], [ 372, 478 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Aristotle}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One idea proposed by this theorist is the spectacle, or opsis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristotle", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550afaf", "qanta_id": 16989, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One idea proposed by this theorist is the spectacle, or opsis. He also discussed the idea of simulated representation, which he referred to by a term later used to title a book by Erich Auerbach, mimesis (mim-EE-sis). He also identified the anagnorisis (aa-nag-nor-EE-sis), or moment of recognition, and the peripeteia (per-uh-pit-EY-uh), or reversal of circumstances, as elements of drama. Other elements include hamartia (hah-MARSH-uh), a character's tragic flaw, and catharsis. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek philosopher who analyzed drama in his Poetics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 217 ], [ 218, 390 ], [ 391, 480 ], [ 481, 566 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Robert {Frost}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a poem by this man, Mary and Warren discuss an unreliable farm hand named Silas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550afbd", "qanta_id": 17003, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a poem by this man, Mary and Warren discuss an unreliable farm hand named Silas. Another poem by this man, published in North of Boston, describes apple trees that will never \"eat the cones\" of pine trees. In one poem, this man described the world ending in either fire or ice while another work states that \"good fences make good neighbors.\" This poet of \"Mending Wall\" wrote a work in which the speaker chose a path that was \"grassy and wanted wear,\" noting that he chose the one \"less traveled by.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"The Road Not Taken.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 208 ], [ 209, 345 ], [ 346, 504 ], [ 505, 568 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{torque} [or moment before it is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In mechanics, Varignon's theorem deals with this quantity. When a system of forces has a nonzero value for this quantity but no resulting force, it is called a \"couple.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Torque", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550afc0", "qanta_id": 17006, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In mechanics, Varignon's theorem deals with this quantity. When a system of forces has a nonzero value for this quantity but no resulting force, it is called a \"couple.\" This quantity can be measured in units of newton metres or joules per radian. It can be defined as the cross product of displacement and force, or the time derivative of angular momentum. It is also known as \"moment.\" For 10 points, name this measure of how much a force acting on an object causes it to rotate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 168, 247 ], [ 248, 357 ], [ 358, 387 ], [ 388, 481 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Rite} Of {Spring} [or Le {Sacre du printemps}; or {Vesna svyashchennaya}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The scenario for this musical work was first conceived by Nicholas Roerich (ROAR-ik), who also designed its costumes and sets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Rite_of_Spring", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550afc3", "qanta_id": 17009, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The scenario for this musical work was first conceived by Nicholas Roerich (ROAR-ik), who also designed its costumes and sets. Excerpts from it accompanied an animation of the prehistoric earth and dinosaurs in Walt Disney's Fantasia. Subtitled \"Pictures from Pagan Russia,\" this Sergei Diaghilev (dee-AH-gil-ev) production begins with a high bassoon solo. Its choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky ends with a young girl dancing herself to death in a sacrificial ritual. For 10 points, name this ballet which caused a riot at its 1913 Parisian premiere and was written by Igor Stravinsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 234 ], [ 235, 356 ], [ 357, 465 ], [ 466, 583 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Shinto [accept {Japan}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One story from the mythology of this nation relates how a man who went to the underworld to regain his beloved was shocked to see her transformed into ugliness after she had eaten the food of the dead; that couple had earlier improperly performed a marriage ceremony, rendering them unable to give birth to healthy offspring.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shinto", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550afee", "qanta_id": 17052, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One story from the mythology of this nation relates how a man who went to the underworld to regain his beloved was shocked to see her transformed into ugliness after she had eaten the food of the dead; that couple had earlier improperly performed a marriage ceremony, rendering them unable to give birth to healthy offspring. One story from this country's mythology sees its sun deity scared into hiding in a cave to evade the wrath of her brother. For 10 points, name this nation whose mythological heritage includes such figures as Izanami, Amaterasu, and many beings known as Kami.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 325 ], [ 326, 448 ], [ 449, 584 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pablo Ruiz y {Picasso}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He painted Guillaime Apollinaire as a red-jumpsuited strongman and himself as a harlequin in his Family of Saltinbanques.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Picasso", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550afef", "qanta_id": 17053, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He painted Guillaime Apollinaire as a red-jumpsuited strongman and himself as a harlequin in his Family of Saltinbanques. Featureless black figures comprise his Don Quixote, while another of his works depicts a mother crying over her dead child on the left while a disfigured horse dominates the center. Parisian prostitutes in African masks appear in this artist's Demoiselles (deh-mwah-ZELZ) d'Avignon. For 10 points, name this painter whose Blue Period works preceded his co-founding of Cubism and creation of 1937's Guernica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 303 ], [ 304, 404 ], [ 405, 529 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Wars} of the {Roses} [or War of the {Roses}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One figure in this war had his power cemented by his victory at Mortimer's Cross.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wars_of_the_Roses", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550afff", "qanta_id": 17069, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One figure in this war had his power cemented by his victory at Mortimer's Cross. This war began with the First Battle of St. Albans. One leader in this war was Richard Neville, known as the kingmaker. The origins of this war go back to the overthrow of Richard II. The Battle of Bosworth Field saw the death of Richard III and the rise of Henry Tudor at the end of this war. For 10 points, name this war between the House of Lancaster and the House of York named for the different colored flowers representing the houses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 133 ], [ 134, 201 ], [ 202, 265 ], [ 266, 375 ], [ 376, 522 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Odin} [or {Wotan}; or {Woden}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure has a dialogue with the giant Vafprudnir (VAF-prude-neer) in the Vafprudnismal (VAF-prude-nees-mall).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odin", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b00c", "qanta_id": 17082, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure has a dialogue with the giant Vafprudnir (VAF-prude-neer) in the Vafprudnismal (VAF-prude-nees-mall). He disguised himself as a stranger to test the generosity of Grimnir. This mythological figure sacrificed an eye for the water of Mimisbrunnr (MEE-mees-broon). This god's son Vidar will avenge this figure's death at the hands of the Fenris wolf. This husband of Frigg was the father of Balder. For 10 points, name this chief god of Norse mythology.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 183 ], [ 184, 273 ], [ 274, 359 ], [ 360, 407 ], [ 408, 462 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Andrew {Jackson}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One event during this man's administration was a crisis caused by the passage of the Tariff of Abominations over the issue of nullification.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Andrew_Jackson", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b01e", "qanta_id": 17100, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One event during this man's administration was a crisis caused by the passage of the Tariff of Abominations over the issue of nullification. Another event saw this man force the removal of many Cherokee natives from their homes in Georgia during the Trail of Tears. The Second Bank of the U.S. was abolished under him. For 10 points, name this man nicknamed \"Old Hickory,\" who succeeded John Quincy Adams as the seventh president.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 265 ], [ 266, 318 ], [ 319, 430 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Samuel {Beckett}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's novels sees the title character tracked by Jacques Moran after he had traveled across the countryside on a bike, killing a woman's dog and even murdering an acquaintance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Beckett", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b022", "qanta_id": 17104, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's novels sees the title character tracked by Jacques Moran after he had traveled across the countryside on a bike, killing a woman's dog and even murdering an acquaintance. That novel, Molloy, is part of his namesake trilogy. He is better known for plays, such as one in which two characters encounter Lucky and Pozzo while awaiting a character who never appears. For 10 points, name this Irish dramatist of Waiting for Godot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 244 ], [ 245, 382 ], [ 383, 445 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Federative Republic of {Brazil} [or {Republica Federativa} do {Brasil}]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country has been looked to as a model for its Bolsa Familia, a poverty-fighting program that employs conditional cash transfers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b02c", "qanta_id": 17114, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country has been looked to as a model for its Bolsa Familia, a poverty-fighting program that employs conditional cash transfers. In January of 2011, over five hundred people died in a series of mudslides and floods in this country. This country has been led since 2003 by the Workers' Party, which is currently headed by Dilma Rousseff, after the retirement of longtime president Lula da Silva. For 10 points, name this largest South American country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 236 ], [ 237, 399 ], [ 400, 456 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "\u00c9mile {Durkheim}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He argued that restitutive laws characterize a society exhibiting organic solidarity, as opposed to repressive laws matching to mechanical solidarity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Durkheim", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b053", "qanta_id": 17153, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He argued that restitutive laws characterize a society exhibiting organic solidarity, as opposed to repressive laws matching to mechanical solidarity. He outlined a way to study social facts in one work. In another, he outlined how people suffering from anomie can perform an action of self harm for different reasons than someone whose reasons are fatalistic, egoistic, or altruistic. For 10 points, name this French sociologist who wrote The Rules of the Sociological Method, Suicide, and The Division of Labor in Society.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 203 ], [ 204, 385 ], [ 386, 524 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{violoncello} [accept {cello}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Dvorak's (duh-VOHR-shack's) concerto for this instrument quotes his song \"Cypresses\" and was inspired by the death of Josefina Cermakova (chair-muh-KOH-vuh).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cello", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b06b", "qanta_id": 17177, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Dvorak's (duh-VOHR-shack's) concerto for this instrument quotes his song \"Cypresses\" and was inspired by the death of Josefina Cermakova (chair-muh-KOH-vuh). Other virtuosi (ver-tyoo-OH-see) of this instrument include Pablo Casals (kuh-SAHLS) and Mstislav (MIST-ih-slav) Rostropovich (ROSS-tro-POH-vitch). Jacqueline du Pre (doo PRAY) performed Edward Elgar's Concerto for this instrument in B Minor. Johann Sebastian Bach wrote six suites for this unaccompanied instrument. For 10 points, name this instrument notably played by Yo-Yo Ma.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 305 ], [ 306, 400 ], [ 401, 474 ], [ 475, 538 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{potential} energy [or {potential} after \"energy\" is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In electrostatics, this quantity is defined as the work necessary to move one charge an infinite distance away from a nearby charge.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Potential_energy", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b070", "qanta_id": 17182, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In electrostatics, this quantity is defined as the work necessary to move one charge an infinite distance away from a nearby charge. In mechanics, one type of this quantity is equal to one half times a spring constant times the square of the distance from equilibrium. Another type of this quantity is the \"gravitational\" type, and is equal to the mass times the acceleration due to gravity times the height at which an object is located. For 10 points, name this type of energy which is stored in a system due to its configuration or position.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 268 ], [ 269, 438 ], [ 439, 544 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Stephen {Crane}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote a story in which four campers believe a hermit who invites them to a game of cards is an Aztec priest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stephen_Crane", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b079", "qanta_id": 17191, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote a story in which four campers believe a hermit who invites them to a game of cards is an Aztec priest. In addition to writing \"Four Men in a Cave,\" this man wrote a story in which the easterner claims that he \"refused to stand up and be a man\" after witnessing Scully's son cheat the Swede in a game of cards. That story is \"The Blue Hotel.\" For 10 points, name this author of a story about the Cook, the Correspondent, and the Oiler, \"The Open Boat,\" as well as The Red Badge of Courage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 324 ], [ 325, 356 ], [ 357, 503 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "War of the {Spanish Succession}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The treaty ending this war required the dismantling of French fortifications at Dunkirk, and ceded Savoy and Nice to Victor Amadeus II.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b080", "qanta_id": 17198, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The treaty ending this war required the dismantling of French fortifications at Dunkirk, and ceded Savoy and Nice to Victor Amadeus II. The main treaty ending this war was supplemented by the treaties of Rastadt and Baden. Its corresponding war in America was known as Queen Anne's War. The Duke of Marlborough won the Battle of Blenheim (BLEN-em) during this war. This war started after Charles II died and left his throne to a member of the House of Bourbon. For 10 points, name this early eighteenth-century war that was ended by the Peace of Utrecht.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 222 ], [ 223, 286 ], [ 287, 364 ], [ 365, 460 ], [ 461, 554 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "hemoglobin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Max Perutz proposed the mechanism for the action of this protein regulated by the compound 2-3 BPG.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hemoglobin", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0a0", "qanta_id": 17230, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Max Perutz proposed the mechanism for the action of this protein regulated by the compound 2-3 BPG. According to the Bohr effect, the properties of this protein changes according to the pH. The central active site of this protein contains a ring structure called a porphyrin which has a central iron atom. Carbon monoxide is toxic because of its ability to bind to this protein. A mutation in the gene for this protein found in erythrocytes (UR-ith-rah-sites) causes sickle cell anemia. For 10 points, name this protein found in red blood cells used to transport oxygen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 305 ], [ 306, 378 ], [ 379, 486 ], [ 487, 570 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Albania} [or Republika {e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb} (shih-PUH-reese)]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The League of Prizren called for the independence of this nation, which was declared in 1912 by the Vl\u00f6re (VLAWR-uh) Proclamation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albania", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0ae", "qanta_id": 17244, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The League of Prizren called for the independence of this nation, which was declared in 1912 by the Vl\u00f6re (VLAWR-uh) Proclamation. Fan Noli's attempts to liberalize this country after World War I by bringing it into the League of Nations were opposed by the conservative bajraktars (bay-ROCK-tars). The bajraktars (bay-ROCK-tars) were later targeted by the Sigurimi (sih-GOO-ree-may), the secret police of a communist ruler of this state who claimed descent from the hero (*) Skanderbeg. For 10 points, name this Balkan country whose 1939 invasion by Italy under King Zog gave way to the communist rule of Enver Hoxha (EN-vur HAW-jah).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 298 ], [ 299, 487 ], [ 488, 635 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "William Butler {Yeats}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author of the mystical A Vision wrote about \"the foul rag and bone shop of the heart\" in his late poem \"The Circus Animals' Desertion\" and lamented that \"a terrible beauty is born\" in a poem about the failed Easter Rising, \"Easter, 1916.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "W._B._Yeats", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0c4", "qanta_id": 17266, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author of the mystical A Vision wrote about \"the foul rag and bone shop of the heart\" in his late poem \"The Circus Animals' Desertion\" and lamented that \"a terrible beauty is born\" in a poem about the failed Easter Rising, \"Easter, 1916.\" He also wrote a poem involving a \"rough beast / Slouching toward Bethlehem to be born\" and one which states \"This is no country for old men.\" For 10 points, name this Irish poet of \"The Second Coming\" and \"Sailing To Byzantium.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 243 ], [ 244, 353 ], [ 353, 385 ], [ 386, 472 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Aristotle", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this thinker uses Odysseus's \"lament in Scylla\" as an example of \"character indecorous and inappropriate.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristotle", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0cd", "qanta_id": 17275, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this thinker uses Odysseus's \"lament in Scylla\" as an example of \"character indecorous and inappropriate.\" In that work, this man wrote of the necessity of space-time unity and gave the term for a character's self-discovery, anagnorisis (an-uh-gnoh-REE-sis). He also defined peripeteia (pay-ree-puh-TAY-uh) as a turning point and hamartia (huh-MAR-tee-uh) as a character's flaw in ancient Greek tragedy, which he felt should produce a purging of emotion called catharsis. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote Poetics and Nichomachean Ethics, a student of Plato.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 271 ], [ 272, 484 ], [ 485, 584 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{moment} of {inertia} [or I; prompt on {inertia}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Taking the set of each principal axis divided by the square root of its value for this quantity yields an ellipsoid.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moment_of_inertia", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0d3", "qanta_id": 17281, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Taking the set of each principal axis divided by the square root of its value for this quantity yields an ellipsoid. Steiner's theorem, also known as the parallel axis theorem, finds this quantity if it is known about an axis running through the center of mass. This quantity is equal to the sum of the product of each point mass with the square of its distance from the axis of rotation. It multiplies angular acceleration to give torque. For 10 points, name this rotational analogue of mass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 261 ], [ 262, 388 ], [ 389, 439 ], [ 440, 493 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{frictional} force", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "For a uniform ball rolling down an incline with angle theta, a coefficient of proportionality associated with this quantity must be at least two-sevenths tangent theta to prevent slipping.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friction", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0dd", "qanta_id": 17291, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For a uniform ball rolling down an incline with angle theta, a coefficient of proportionality associated with this quantity must be at least two-sevenths tangent theta to prevent slipping. A slipping ball, however, requires a different coefficient associated with the quantity, because the coefficient depends on whether or not the contact points are moving. Both the static and kinetic type of this force are proportional to the normal force. For 10 points, name this force that opposes the direction of an object's motion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 188 ], [ 189, 358 ], [ 359, 443 ], [ 444, 524 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Barber} of {Seville} [or {Il Barbiere di Siviglia}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Pieces within this opera include the trio \"Zitti, zitti\" and the aria \"Una voce poco fa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Barber_of_Seville", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0e0", "qanta_id": 17294, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Pieces within this opera include the trio \"Zitti, zitti\" and the aria \"Una voce poco fa.\" One character in this opera pretends to be the student Lindoro in order to deceive Dr. Bartolo. The title character of this opera repeatedly sings the phrase \"della citta\" in one aria. That title character aids Count Almaviva in wooing Rosina and sings the aria (*) \"Largo al Factotum.\" For 10 points, name this opera buffa about the servant Figaro, composed by Gioacchino Rossini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 88, 185 ], [ 186, 274 ], [ 275, 353 ], [ 353, 376 ], [ 377, 471 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Somalia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "On September 21, 2010, this country's prime minster Omar Sharmarke resigned from his post, citing conflicts between himself and president Sharif Ahmed as reasons.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Somalia", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0e3", "qanta_id": 17297, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "On September 21, 2010, this country's prime minster Omar Sharmarke resigned from his post, citing conflicts between himself and president Sharif Ahmed as reasons. In August, 32 people were killed when the Muna Hotel in this country's capital was stormed by the insurgency group al-Shabab, which is currently at war with this country's government and peacekeepers from nearby Kenya and Ethiopia. For 10 points, name this African nation with its capital at Mogadishu which in recent years has also been the scene of many pirate attacks.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 394 ], [ 395, 534 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sir Isaac {Newton}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A quantum analog of one formula named for this man is named for Ehrenfest (AIR-en-fest).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isaac_Newton", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0f1", "qanta_id": 17311, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A quantum analog of one formula named for this man is named for Ehrenfest (AIR-en-fest). Interference patterns due to an air film between a lens and a glass are called this man's \"rings.\" Another law named for this man is also called the law of inertia, while a third law is often summarized as saying that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. For 10 points, name this British physicist whose three laws of motion include the equation F equals m a.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 187 ], [ 188, 365 ], [ 366, 470 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Jesus} Christ [or Jesus {Christ}; or clear-knowledge equivalents]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One sculpture of this figure was designed by Mateo Alonso and was brought to its current location by Angela Oliveira Cezar de Costa as an emblem of peace between two nations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jesus", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0f4", "qanta_id": 17314, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One sculpture of this figure was designed by Mateo Alonso and was brought to its current location by Angela Oliveira Cezar de Costa as an emblem of peace between two nations. Another sculpture of this figure was executed by Paul Landowski; that piece lies on the Corcovado Mountain in the harbor of Rio de Janeiro. Michelangelo sculpted this figure clothed in a sash and holding onto the instrument of his death, a cross. For 10 points, name this religious figure who has been sculpted as \"the Redeemer.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 314 ], [ 315, 421 ], [ 422, 504 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Fibonacci} numbers [or {Fibonacci} sequence]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Binary coding based on these values depends on Zeckendorf's theorem, which states that any integer can be written as the sum of any one or more of them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fibonacci_number", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0fc", "qanta_id": 17322, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Binary coding based on these values depends on Zeckendorf's theorem, which states that any integer can be written as the sum of any one or more of them. Euclid's algorithm for finding a greatest common divisor has a worst-case runtime when consecutive values of this type are inputted. A namesake type of heap uses these numbers in its runtime analysis. The ratio of consecutive numbers of this type approaches the golden ratio. For 10 points, name these numbers, which comprise a sequence that begins 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, and are named for an Italian mathematician.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 285 ], [ 286, 353 ], [ 354, 428 ], [ 429, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Brazil", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One candidate in this nation's 2010 presidential election authorized the sale of Nossa Caixa (", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b0fe", "qanta_id": 17324, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One candidate in this nation's 2010 presidential election authorized the sale of Nossa Caixa (CAI-shuh) Bank in 2008. Besides Jose Serra, another candidate in this country's upcoming election is of Bulgarian descent and was once a guerilla in the VAR Palmares organization. That woman is Dilma Rousseff. This nation is currently led by a man who has served as president since 2003 and initiated the anti-hunger Fome Zero project. For 10 points, name this country where President Lula da Silva governs a large Portuguese-speaking population.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 94, 102 ], [ 102, 117 ], [ 118, 273 ], [ 274, 303 ], [ 304, 429 ], [ 430, 540 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "sulfur", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This element extracted in the Frasch process is bonded to a hydrogen atom in a functional group once called a mercaptan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfur", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b114", "qanta_id": 17346, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This element extracted in the Frasch process is bonded to a hydrogen atom in a functional group once called a mercaptan. In nature, this element is most commonly found in an eight atom ring. This element is only found in the amino acids methionine and cysteine; in cysteine this element forms a type of bridge that links polypeptide chains. A compound containing this element bonded to two hydrogen atoms is notable for smelling like rotten eggs. For 10 points, name this element found below oxygen on the periodic table with chemical symbol S.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 190 ], [ 191, 340 ], [ 341, 446 ], [ 447, 544 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Waterloo}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This battle saw fighting at a farmhouse at Hougoumount and at the village of Plancenoit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Waterloo", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b11d", "qanta_id": 17355, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This battle saw fighting at a farmhouse at Hougoumount and at the village of Plancenoit. The tide of this battle was turned following the arrival of Prussian forces under Gebhard von Bl\u00fccher (BLUE-ker). This battle occurred at the end of the Hundred Days' after one side's commander had escaped exile from Elba. After defeat at this battle by the Duke of Wellington, that man was exiled again to St. Helena. For 10 points, name this decisive 1815 defeat in Belgium for Napoleon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 202 ], [ 203, 311 ], [ 312, 407 ], [ 408, 478 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{neutron}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory has a facility for to generate these particles by spallation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutron", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b11e", "qanta_id": 17356, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory has a facility for to generate these particles by spallation. The s and r processes in stars involve the capture of these particles. This particle was discovered by James Chadwick. They consist of two down and one up quark. Fast and thermal ones collide with nuclei to trigger a nuclear fission event. Isotopes of an element differ in the number of these. For 10 points, name these particles that along with protons are found in the nucleus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 162 ], [ 163, 210 ], [ 211, 253 ], [ 254, 331 ], [ 332, 385 ], [ 386, 471 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{collagen}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Cross linking in this protein occurs when two oxidized derivatives of lysine link up; the amount of cross linking that occurs in this protein increases with age.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Collagen", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b13c", "qanta_id": 17386, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Cross linking in this protein occurs when two oxidized derivatives of lysine link up; the amount of cross linking that occurs in this protein increases with age. This protein contains three left handed helices which combine to form a triple helix. About one third of this protein is amino acid is glycine; this protein also consists of hydroxyproline. A lack of ascorbic acid causes an inability to synthesize hydroxyproline, causing a breakdown of this protein in the gums in a disease called scurvy. For 10 points, name this elastic protein found in connective tissue, skin and cartilage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 247 ], [ 248, 282 ], [ 283, 351 ], [ 352, 501 ], [ 502, 590 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "ferromagnetism", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Barkhausen effect concerns tiny inconsistencies in materials displaying this property, which is visualized on a microscopic level by the Ising model.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ferromagnetism", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b13e", "qanta_id": 17388, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Barkhausen effect concerns tiny inconsistencies in materials displaying this property, which is visualized on a microscopic level by the Ising model. This property lags when the applied field is changed in a process called hysteresis. Disappearing above the Curie temperature, it is seen in materials that remain magnetized after an external magnetic field is removed. For 10 points, name this type of magnetism observed in cobalt, nickname, and, as its name suggests, iron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 238 ], [ 239, 372 ], [ 373, 478 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "War of {1812}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During this war, Robert Ross led one side in a landing at Benedict before winning the Battle of Bladensburg.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_1812", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b14e", "qanta_id": 17404, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During this war, Robert Ross led one side in a landing at Benedict before winning the Battle of Bladensburg. During a naval battle in this war, one commander composed the message \"We have met the enemy and they are ours.\" In addition to Oliver Hazard Perry, other commanders during this war included Edward Pakenham, who lost to a group of pirates and Andrew Jackson at New Orleans after the conclusion of the Treaty of Ghent. For 10 points, name this war between the US and Britain, named for the year it began.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 221 ], [ 222, 426 ], [ 427, 512 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{France} [or {French} Republic; or {R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "On the day World War II ended, rioting occurred in one of this country's colonies in the S\u00e9tif massacre.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "France", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b160", "qanta_id": 17422, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "On the day World War II ended, rioting occurred in one of this country's colonies in the S\u00e9tif massacre. This country saw rioting in the wake of a general strike in May 1968, leading to the formation of the UDR party. This losing nation of the Battle of Dien Bien Phu was led in the 1980s by President Mitterand. Its Fifth Republic was established in 1958 under Charles de Gaulle. Currently led by Nicolas Sarkozy, for 10 points, name this European nation where President Jacques Chirac dealt with the 1995 bombings on the Paris metro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 217 ], [ 218, 312 ], [ 313, 380 ], [ 381, 535 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Tom Jones} [accept either name]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This character joins the army of the Duke of Cumberland, where an ensign named Northerton insults his love interest and knocks him unconscious with a bottle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b163", "qanta_id": 17425, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This character joins the army of the Duke of Cumberland, where an ensign named Northerton insults his love interest and knocks him unconscious with a bottle. This character is sent from the house when his schoolmate accuses him of drinking while his patron lay near death. After that quarrel with Bilfil, this character fears that he has slept with his mother after going to bed with Mrs. Waters, which disrupts this character's relationship with Sophia Western. For 10 points, name this rascal taken in by Squire Allworthy, a foundling created by Henry Fielding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 272 ], [ 273, 462 ], [ 463, 563 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Berlin}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One event in this city earned Gail Halverson the nickname \"Candy Bomber\" and was nicknamed \"Operation Vittles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Berlin", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b164", "qanta_id": 17426, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One event in this city earned Gail Halverson the nickname \"Candy Bomber\" and was nicknamed \"Operation Vittles.\" One construction in this city was started on August 13th by the orders of Walter Ulbricht. The building of that structure in this city was supervised by Erich Honecker, the future leader of a government in this city. This city was blockaded by the Soviets from 1948 to 1949, which led to its requiring an airlift of supplies. For 10 points, name this city that was the capital of East Germany and was divided by a wall until 1989.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 110, 202 ], [ 203, 328 ], [ 329, 437 ], [ 438, 542 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Marcel {Proust}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An essay by Samuel Beckett about this man describes him as \"completely detached from all moral considerations.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Proust", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b174", "qanta_id": 17442, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An essay by Samuel Beckett about this man describes him as \"completely detached from all moral considerations.\" Characters created by this author a great actress named Berma, an artist named Elstir, and a writer named Bergotte. He also created Albertine, whose disappearance is the subject of the sixth volume of his magnum opus. That work is a novel featuring characters such as Charles Swann which also features the episode of the Madeleine. For 10 points, name this author of Remembrance of Things Past.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 227 ], [ 228, 329 ], [ 330, 443 ], [ 444, 506 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "ester", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This functional group can be formed by a reaction named for Steglich.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ester", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b175", "qanta_id": 17443, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This functional group can be formed by a reaction named for Steglich. In the Fries rearrangement, one of them is reacted with a Lewis acid. A cyclic one is known as a lactone, and ethyl formate is one example of this functional group. The Claisen condensation occurs between two of them, or one of them and a carbonyl. It can be formed by reacting an oxoacid with an alcohol. For 10 points, name this functional group which gives many fruits their distinctive smells.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 139 ], [ 140, 234 ], [ 235, 318 ], [ 319, 375 ], [ 376, 467 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Joseph {Conrad} [or J\u00f3zef {Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel set in the fictional South American nation of Costaguana which feaures the silver mining baron Se\u00f1or Gould.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Conrad", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b1a1", "qanta_id": 17487, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a novel set in the fictional South American nation of Costaguana which feaures the silver mining baron Se\u00f1or Gould. In addition to Nostromo, he wrote a book in which the title character abandons the Patna, which, like his most famous story, is narrated by Charlie Marlow. For 10 points, name this Polish-born British author of Lord Jim who detailed the corruption and death of Mr. Kurtz in Heart of Darkness.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 289 ], [ 290, 426 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Holden Caulfield} [accept either name]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This character is beaten up by a man named Maurice after he refuses to pay the prostitute Sunny, after which he goes ice skating with Sally Hayes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Holden_Caulfield", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b1b0", "qanta_id": 17502, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This character is beaten up by a man named Maurice after he refuses to pay the prostitute Sunny, after which he goes ice skating with Sally Hayes. The end of the novel in which this character appears sees him decide to let his sister grab for the golden ring on a carousel; that sister's name is Phoebe, and this character's adventures occur after he is expelled from Pencey Prep. For 10 points, identify this protagonist of J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 380 ], [ 381, 465 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Arthur {Miller}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this man is about Victor and Esther Franz and is title The Price.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arthur_Miller", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b1b9", "qanta_id": 17511, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man is about Victor and Esther Franz and is title The Price. He also wrote a play about Eddie Carbone, titled A View from the Bridge. Yet another play by this man sees Steven Deever blamed for the killing of airline pilots due to faulty parts. This author of All My Sons wrote about accusations against Elizabeth Proctor in The Crucible. For 10 points, name this American playwright who wrote about Willy Loman's suicide in Death of a Salesman.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 150 ], [ 151, 260 ], [ 261, 354 ], [ 355, 461 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Ottoman} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Representatives of the successor state to this empire signed the Treaty of Lausanne.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ottoman_Empire", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b1bd", "qanta_id": 17515, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Representatives of the successor state to this empire signed the Treaty of Lausanne. One of the greatest naval leaders of this empire was Hayreddin Barbarossa. This territory fought the Long War against the Hapsburgs after winning the Battle of Mohacs (MO-\"hatch\"). This empire employed slave soldiers called Janisarries. This empire was known as the \"sick man of Europe\" before World War I. One ruler of this empire was Suleiman the Magnificent. For 10 points, name this empire that was replaced after World War I by Turkey.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 159 ], [ 160, 265 ], [ 266, 321 ], [ 322, 446 ], [ 447, 525 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One model of the universe with no cosmological constant is named for de Sitter and this man, who also names a state of matter that exists at very low temperatures with Bose.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Einstein", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b1c4", "qanta_id": 17522, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One model of the universe with no cosmological constant is named for de Sitter and this man, who also names a state of matter that exists at very low temperatures with Bose. This man posited the existence of \"light quanta\" in the photoelectric effect, but one of his most famous laws correctly accounted for an anomaly in the precession of Mercury. For 10 points, name this scientist who formulated the theories of relativity and is stated that E equals m c squared.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 348 ], [ 349, 466 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Japan}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One genre of plays from this country is ky?gen, which are comedic plays given between performances of a serious style of drama with stylized masks.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b1cd", "qanta_id": 17531, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One genre of plays from this country is ky?gen, which are comedic plays given between performances of a serious style of drama with stylized masks. That genre is called Noh. One important work in this nation's literary tradition is the The Tale of Genji. More modern authors from this country include Yukio Mishima and Haruki Murakami. For 10 points, name this country whose Tale of the Heike features its samurai warriors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 173 ], [ 174, 254 ], [ 255, 335 ], [ 336, 423 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Brothers Karamazov}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One part of this novel details the story of a boy who has a dog named Perezvon, while the teacher of another character in this novel is Father Zosima.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Brothers_Karamazov", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b1d6", "qanta_id": 17540, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One part of this novel details the story of a boy who has a dog named Perezvon, while the teacher of another character in this novel is Father Zosima. The central crime in this novel for which one of the titular characters is blamed was in fact committed by Smerdyakov, and another titular character tells the story of the Grand Inquisitor. Ivan, Dmitri, and Alyosha are the title characters of, for 10 points, what novel by Fyodor Dostoyevsky?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 340 ], [ 341, 444 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Macbeth}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this play is stabbed after he calls a hired assassin an egg, while this play's \"Porter scene\" is the subject of an essay by Thomas de Quincey.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Macbeth", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b1d8", "qanta_id": 17542, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this play is stabbed after he calls a hired assassin an egg, while this play's \"Porter scene\" is the subject of an essay by Thomas de Quincey. The title character, the Thane of Glamis and Cawdor, receives a prophesy from three witches that \"none of woman born\" can harm him. That character also orders the death of his friend Banquo and, with the help of his wife, kills King Duncan, resulting in his crowning as king. For 10 points, name this play by William Shakespeare which ends with Macduff killing the title Scottish king.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 291 ], [ 292, 435 ], [ 436, 545 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Zeus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one myth, this god fails in his attempts to court his wife until he seduces her in the guise of a cuckoo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zeus", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b1e6", "qanta_id": 17556, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one myth, this god fails in his attempts to court his wife until he seduces her in the guise of a cuckoo. He tricks another of his lovers into turning into a fly, then swallows her, only to find out that she was pregnant and that his daughter is causing him a massive headache. In another myth, this god draws lots with his brothers to see who controls the sky, the sea, and the underworld after he castrates and overthrows his father Cronus. For 10 points, name this philandering leader of the Greek gods who is married to the jealous Hera.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 280 ], [ 281, 445 ], [ 446, 544 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Arab Republic of {Egypt} [or {Jumhuriyat} Misr al-Arabiyah]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The highest point in this country is on its peninsula at Mount Catherine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b1f4", "qanta_id": 17570, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The highest point in this country is on its peninsula at Mount Catherine. This country's aptly named Western Desert features a deep basin called the Qattara Depression. The temple complex of Abu Simbel had to be relocated in this country after its location was compromised by the building of the Aswan High Dam. That dam in this country resulted in the creation of Lake Nasser. For 10 points, name this country that controls the Sinai Peninsula and has the delta of the Nile River right near its capital Cairo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 168 ], [ 169, 311 ], [ 312, 377 ], [ 378, 510 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Catch-22", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel takes off all of his clothes and climbs a tree in protest after being unable to save the life of Snowden.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catch-22", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b20f", "qanta_id": 17597, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this novel takes off all of his clothes and climbs a tree in protest after being unable to save the life of Snowden. At the end of this novel, the main character joyously discovers that Orr has escaped to Sweden, and decides to renege on a deal he made with Korn and Cathcart to be sent home. This novel's main character asks Doc Daneeka to declare him insane in order that he won't have to fly more combat missions, although his desire to get out of combat makes him sane according to the title rule. For 10 points, name this anti-war novel about Yossarian written by Joseph Heller.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 311 ], [ 312, 520 ], [ 521, 602 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Peter} the {Great} [or {Peter} I of Russia; or {Pyotr Veliky}; or {Pyotr Alekseyevich}; prompt on", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler saw a number of his family members murdered during an army rebellion that, with a later rebellion by the same group, may have influenced him to disband that army, the streltsy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b211", "qanta_id": 17599, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler saw a number of his family members murdered during an army rebellion that, with a later rebellion by the same group, may have influenced him to disband that army, the streltsy. This man worked as a ship's carpenter in the Netherlands during his journey west in the Grand Embassy. One method this leader used to force changes on his country's boyars was through a beard tax. This ruler built a \"window to the west\" on the Neva River called St. Petersburg. For 10 points, name this westernizing tsar of Russia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 290 ], [ 291, 384 ], [ 385, 465 ], [ 466, 519 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Invisible Man}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel works for a small amount of time with Lucius Brockway.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Invisible_Man", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b21b", "qanta_id": 17609, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this novel works for a small amount of time with Lucius Brockway. A policeman in this work kills Tod Clifton, whom the narrator sees selling Sambo dolls on the street. Another character in this work goes from being called the Exhorter to being called Ras the Destroyer. This novel starts with its main character's description of his room filled with 1,369 light bulbs. For 10 points, name this work about an unnamed, black title character written by Ralph Ellison.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 186 ], [ 187, 288 ], [ 289, 387 ], [ 388, 483 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{dogs}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of these animals in Greek myth is Laelaps, who was converted to stone by Zeus along with its potential prey, the Teumissian Fox.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b21e", "qanta_id": 17612, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these animals in Greek myth is Laelaps, who was converted to stone by Zeus along with its potential prey, the Teumissian Fox. Another example from Greek myth was Argos, who was unable to give away the disguise of a man whom he had not seen for many years due to his sudden death. In Norse myth, Garm was this type of animal. The best known example from Greek myth served as a guardian to the underworld. For 10 points, Cerberus had three heads of what kind of animal?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 286 ], [ 287, 331 ], [ 332, 410 ], [ 411, 474 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Poseidon", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At Colonus, this god was known as Hippios, and he was the divine ancestor of the royal families of Thessaly and Messenia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poseidon", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b22b", "qanta_id": 17625, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At Colonus, this god was known as Hippios, and he was the divine ancestor of the royal families of Thessaly and Messenia. This god was the father of a man who stretched and chopped people into fitting into his bed, Procrustes, and this god's main festival was the Isthmia. He saw to Odysseus' stranding on Calypso's island due to Odysseus blinding his son, the cyclops Polyphemus.For 10 points, name this Greek god of the sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 272 ], [ 273, 380 ], [ 380, 426 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Langston {Hughes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author's experiences observing the Soviet Union, Haiti, and the Spanish Civil War are recounted in his book I Wonder as I Wander.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b241", "qanta_id": 17647, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author's experiences observing the Soviet Union, Haiti, and the Spanish Civil War are recounted in his book I Wonder as I Wander. A man's request to obtain improvements on his apartment is met with accusations of trying to overthrow the government in this man's poem \"Ballad of the Landlord.\" He also wrote a poem in which he describes rivers as \"as ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins.\" That poem is \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"Harlem,\" a work that questions what happens to a dream deferred.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 296 ], [ 296, 297 ], [ 298, 430 ], [ 430, 474 ], [ 475, 573 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{time}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One specific value of this entity is equal to the square root of the ratio of h bar G to c to the fifth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Time", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b257", "qanta_id": 17669, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One specific value of this entity is equal to the square root of the ratio of h bar G to c to the fifth. One version of the uncertainty principle relates energy to this. This is one component of Minkowski space. Its reversal is combined with charge and parity in an important symmetry. It can dilate in special relativity, leading to people experiencing it differently in the twin paradox. Velocity is the change in position divided by the change in this. For 10 points, name this entity measured in minutes and days.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 169 ], [ 170, 211 ], [ 212, 285 ], [ 286, 389 ], [ 390, 455 ], [ 456, 517 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "moon", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This astronomical body was visited and orbited by the Clementine spacecraft.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moon", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b25a", "qanta_id": 17672, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This astronomical body was visited and orbited by the Clementine spacecraft. This object features a large crater called the South Pole - Aitken basin. One hypothesis of its creation is the Giant Impact Hypothesis. It has basaltic plains called maria such as the Sea of Tranquility. The gravitational interaction between this and the Earth is responsible for tides. For 10 points, name this object that orbits the Earth.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 150 ], [ 151, 213 ], [ 214, 281 ], [ 282, 364 ], [ 365, 419 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "William Cuthbert {Faulkner}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One short story by this author involves the befouling of Major de Spain's rug by the arsonist Abner, who later appears in The Hamlet, The Town, and The Mansion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Faulkner", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b25b", "qanta_id": 17673, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One short story by this author involves the befouling of Major de Spain's rug by the arsonist Abner, who later appears in The Hamlet, The Town, and The Mansion. He wrote about a lady's murder of Homer Barron in \"A Rose for Emily.\" In one of his novels, Vardaman calls his mother a fish, and in another, the brother of the retarded Benji commits suicide while at Harvard. The creator of the Bundrens and the Compsons, for 10 points, identify this Southern author of As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Fury.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 230 ], [ 231, 370 ], [ 371, 507 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "George {Orwell}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's protagonists, George Bowling, tires of his associations with the classically oriented Old Porteus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Orwell", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b269", "qanta_id": 17687, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's protagonists, George Bowling, tires of his associations with the classically oriented Old Porteus. He also wrote an essay in which the title action is performed by a police officer in Burma. In addition to writing Coming Up For Air and \"Shooting an Elephant,\" he wrote a novel that includes the state of Oceania, whose residents include Winston Smith and that is ruled by the regime of Big Brother. For 10 points, name this British author of Nineteen Eighty-Four.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 211 ], [ 212, 419 ], [ 420, 484 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "unemployment", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Edmund Phelps was a proponent of the natural rate theory of this phenomenon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Unemployment", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b29d", "qanta_id": 17739, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Edmund Phelps was a proponent of the natural rate theory of this phenomenon. Some temporary examples during searching are called frictional, while societal and economic mismatches lead to the structural form. This is compared to inflation on the Phillips curve. Discouraged people are not included in the official statistics relating to this. Those statistics are compiled from sources such as the payroll survey. For 10 points, name this economic occurrence where people do not have jobs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 208 ], [ 209, 261 ], [ 262, 342 ], [ 343, 413 ], [ 414, 489 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Sicily}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An empire centered on this island was defeated during the Expedition of a Thousand.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sicily", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2a2", "qanta_id": 17744, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An empire centered on this island was defeated during the Expedition of a Thousand. A 13th center uprising occurring on this island was known as its Vespers. The First Punic War ended with Roman control of this island. During the Peloponnesian War, an expedition led by Alcibiades sought to capture this island's city of Syracuse. During World War II, General Patton captured this island's cities of Palermo and Messina. For 10 points, name this large island that is part of Italy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 157 ], [ 158, 218 ], [ 219, 330 ], [ 331, 420 ], [ 421, 481 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The Ingenious Hidalgo {Don Quixote} of La Mancha [or El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel's second volume was written in response to a spurious sequel written by Avellaneda (ah-vay-yah-NAY-dah).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2a4", "qanta_id": 17746, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel's second volume was written in response to a spurious sequel written by Avellaneda (ah-vay-yah-NAY-dah). The central character, who idolizes Amadis of Gaul, rides a horse named Rocinante (row-sin-AHN-tay) and renames a farm girl Dulcinea. The protagonist of this work is accompanied by Sancho Panza, who tries to convince his master that a group of supposed giants are in fact windmills. For 10 points, name this novel about a foolishly chivalric knight written by Miguel Cervantes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 249 ], [ 250, 398 ], [ 399, 493 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Swan} Lake [or {Lebed\u00ednoye \u00d3zero}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Riccardo Drigo altered the score for the most popular staging of this work, which was co-choreographed by Lev Ivanov and Marius Petipa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Swan_Lake", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2c2", "qanta_id": 17776, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Riccardo Drigo altered the score for the most popular staging of this work, which was co-choreographed by Lev Ivanov and Marius Petipa. That score kept the first-act \"Dance with Goblets.\" In its second act, one main character puts down his loaded crossbow and learns about the father of Odile, the evil sorcerer Von Rothbart. Its ends as two characters kill themselves, breaking the spell that turned the princess Odette into the title animal. For 10 points, name this ballet by Pyotr Tchaikovsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 186 ], [ 186, 325 ], [ 326, 443 ], [ 444, 497 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Anna Karenina", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel visits a famous French psychic named Landau under the advice of the Countess Lydia Ivanovna.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anna_Karenina", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2cc", "qanta_id": 17786, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel visits a famous French psychic named Landau under the advice of the Countess Lydia Ivanovna. Another of its characters fatally injures his horse Frou-Frou during a race. This novel opens in the aftermath of Dolly's discovery that her husband Oblonsky has had an affair. This novel chronicles the title character's fall from society after her affair with Count Vronsky. For 10 points, name this Leo Tolstoy novel whose title character throws herself under a train.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 197 ], [ 198, 297 ], [ 298, 396 ], [ 397, 491 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jan {Vermeer} [or Johannes {Vermeer}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this artist's paintings depicts a viola de gamba on the floor near a girl playing the virginal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Vermeer", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2d4", "qanta_id": 17794, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this artist's paintings depicts a viola de gamba on the floor near a girl playing the virginal. In addition to painting The Music Lesson, this artist also may have used a camera obscura while creating a depiction of a waterway running through his hometown of Delft. One of his portraits depicts a woman in a Turkish turban wearing the title piece of jewelry. For 10 points, name this 17th century Dutch artist of Girl with a Pearl Earring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 272 ], [ 273, 365 ], [ 366, 446 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "A {Streetcar Named Desire}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this play claims that her husband committed suicide after she confronted him about his sleeping with an older man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "A_Streetcar_Named_Desire", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2d5", "qanta_id": 17795, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this play claims that her husband committed suicide after she confronted him about his sleeping with an older man. That character from this play fondly recalls her old admirer Shep Huntleigh and becomes engaged to Mitch, who leaves her after discovering her past life as a prostitute. In this play, Stella refuses to believe that her husband Stanley Kowalski raped Blanche Dubois, driving Blanche insane. For 10 points, name this play set in New Orleans, written by Tennessee Williams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 301 ], [ 302, 421 ], [ 422, 502 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{momentum}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "When the potential of a free particle is zero, the eigenfunctions of this quantity are equal to the eigenfunctions of energy, and the quantum mechanical operator for this quantity is negative i h-bar times the gradient.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Momentum", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2e7", "qanta_id": 17813, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When the potential of a free particle is zero, the eigenfunctions of this quantity are equal to the eigenfunctions of energy, and the quantum mechanical operator for this quantity is negative i h-bar times the gradient. In classical mechanics, the change in this quantity is represented by a quantity that is also the integral of force times time, which is impulse. This quantity is conserved in elastic collisions. For 10 points, identify this physical quantity defined as the product of mass and velocity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 365 ], [ 366, 415 ], [ 416, 507 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Edward {Hopper}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted a barber's shop pole in front of several storefronts in his Early Sunday Morning.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Hopper", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2f0", "qanta_id": 17822, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted a barber's shop pole in front of several storefronts in his Early Sunday Morning. Another of his works depicts a sign for the titular food item outside of a window while two women with similar hats sit across from each other at a table. This painter of Chop Suey and other lonely city scenes also painted an advertisement for five-cent Phillies cigars hanging above the main scene of another work, which shows four people at a late night eatery. For 10 points, name this American artist of Nighthawks.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 256 ], [ 257, 465 ], [ 466, 521 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "James {Monroe}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man secured the release of Thomas Paine from prison by claiming his American citizenship.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Monroe", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2f1", "qanta_id": 17823, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man secured the release of Thomas Paine from prison by claiming his American citizenship. States admitted to the Union during his presidency include Alabama, Illinois, and Missouri. This man was the last of the Virginia dynasty of presidents. His presidency lasted during the Era of Good Feelings and saw the Panic of 1819. For 10 points, name this President who succeeded James Madison and whose namesake doctrine stated that European countries should no longer colonize the Americas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 186 ], [ 187, 247 ], [ 248, 328 ], [ 329, 490 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Hamlet", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A work based on this play opens with two minor characters from this play flipping a coin, which repeatedly comes up heads.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hamlet", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2f8", "qanta_id": 17830, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A work based on this play opens with two minor characters from this play flipping a coin, which repeatedly comes up heads. One character in this play advises another character to \"neither a borrower nor a lender be.\" The title character mourns a \"fellow of infinite jest,\" Yorick, in this play's \"graveyard scene.\" He also kills Laertes in a swordfight and tells Ophelia to \"get thee to a nunnery.\" For 10 points, name this Shakespearean tragedy in which \"something is rotten in the state of Denmark.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 215 ], [ 215, 314 ], [ 315, 398 ], [ 399, 501 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "ideal gas law", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Redlich-Kwong equation is derived from this statement, which be modified using the acentric and compressibility factors.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ideal_gas_law", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b2fe", "qanta_id": 17836, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Redlich-Kwong equation is derived from this statement, which be modified using the acentric and compressibility factors. One modification of this statement uses a and b terms to represent intermolecular forces and volume. That modification of this law is called Van der Waal's equation. This equation of state combines Boyle's and Charles's Laws. For 10 points, name this law usually stated pV equals nRT that governs a namesake state of matter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 225 ], [ 226, 290 ], [ 291, 350 ], [ 351, 449 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Mann}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At his death, this author left an unfinished novel about the confidence man Felix Krull.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Mann", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b30c", "qanta_id": 17850, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At his death, this author left an unfinished novel about the confidence man Felix Krull. He wrote a tetralogy about the Biblical Joseph during this author's exile from his native country, while earlier he wrote about his hometown L\u00fcbeck for his novel centering on the decline of the titular mercantile family. This author of Buddenbrooks also wrote novels about Hans Castorp's stay in a Swiss sanatorium and Gustav von Aschenbach's obsession with Tadzio in the titular Italian city. For 10 points, name this German author of The Magic Mountain and Death in Venice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 309 ], [ 310, 482 ], [ 483, 564 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Mark {Twain} [or Samuel Langhorne {Clemens}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's short stories, Mr. and Mrs. Richards claim to have told a gambler \"You are far from being a bad man--go, and reform,\" in order to gain a $40,000 sack of gold.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mark_Twain", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b310", "qanta_id": 17854, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's short stories, Mr. and Mrs. Richards claim to have told a gambler \"You are far from being a bad man--go, and reform,\" in order to gain a $40,000 sack of gold. This author of \"The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg\" also wrote a novel about a boy who encounters the Duke and the Dauphin while traveling down the Mississippi with the slave Jim. In another novel, this man created the villainous Injun Joe. For 10 points, name this author who created Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 361 ], [ 362, 422 ], [ 423, 492 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Mead}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "For one work, this anthropologist studied the Arapesh culture, where men and women had equal roles, and the Tchambuli culture, where traditional gender roles were reversed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b317", "qanta_id": 17861, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For one work, this anthropologist studied the Arapesh culture, where men and women had equal roles, and the Tchambuli culture, where traditional gender roles were reversed. This author of Sex and Temperament in Three Societies wrote another work claiming that adolescence on the island of Ta'u was less stressful than in America, since sexuality was not a taboo subject there. For 10 points, name this woman who wrote Coming of Age in Samoa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 376 ], [ 377, 441 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "friction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This property has two coefficients, one of which is sometimes called limiting and is always used for an object that is stationary.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friction", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b332", "qanta_id": 17888, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This property has two coefficients, one of which is sometimes called limiting and is always used for an object that is stationary. Once that static coefficient of this property is exceeded by a force, the kinetic coefficient of this property is used. Those coefficients of this force are represented by the Greek letter mu (myou). This force is always perpendicular to the normal force. For 10 points, name this force that has a greater value for rougher surfaces and is the resistance to motion of an object across a surface.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 250 ], [ 251, 330 ], [ 331, 386 ], [ 387, 526 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of {Denmark} [or {Kongeriget Danmark}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In 1370, this country signed the Treaty of Stralsund to settle a war with the Hanseatic League.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Denmark", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b33c", "qanta_id": 17898, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1370, this country signed the Treaty of Stralsund to settle a war with the Hanseatic League. The daughter of that treaty's signer, Waldemar IV, engineered alliances with two other royal families in order to form the Kalmar Union. This country engaged in a lengthy diplomatic struggle with Prussia over the control of Schleswig-Holstein, eighty years before its king Christian X led its resistance to World War II occupation and German policy towards Jews. For 10 points, identify this country that, in 1979, granted home rule to Greenland.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 232 ], [ 233, 458 ], [ 459, 542 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Henry's} Law", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The central coefficient in this law has dimensions of pressure divided by concentration and one can model the effects of temperature on this law's coefficient by integrating the van't Hoff equation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry's_law", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b348", "qanta_id": 17910, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The central coefficient in this law has dimensions of pressure divided by concentration and one can model the effects of temperature on this law's coefficient by integrating the van't Hoff equation. For ideal mixtures this law can be understood as a special case of Raoult's Law. For 10 points, name this eponymous law which relates the concentration and partial pressure of gas dissolved in a liquid, named after a British chemist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 198 ], [ 199, 279 ], [ 280, 432 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Odin} [or {Wotan}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story, this figure tested his favorite mortal king Geirrod by visiting him in the guise of Grimnir.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odin", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b358", "qanta_id": 17926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story, this figure tested his favorite mortal king Geirrod by visiting him in the guise of Grimnir. With the help of his brothers Vili and Ve, this figure killed the primordial giant Ymir. Master of the ravens Hugin and Munin, this figure will kill and be killed by the Fenris Wolf at Ragnarok. He gave up an eye to drink from the well of Mimir, and he is also called the \"Allfather.\" For 10 points, name this supreme deity of the Norse Pantheon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 195 ], [ 196, 301 ], [ 302, 391 ], [ 392, 453 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Osiris} (accept {Asar} or {Wesir} or {Ausare})", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He's not Bacchus, but this deity was associated with Dionysus in the country with which he is most associated.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Osiris", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b35c", "qanta_id": 17930, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He's not Bacchus, but this deity was associated with Dionysus in the country with which he is most associated. This deity's soul was worshipped as the ram god Banebdjed, and he is frequently depicted holding a crook and flail. This deity is the father of Horus, and one story about this god tells how he was killed in the Nile after being chopped into pieces by his brother Set, though he was revived by Isis. For 10 points, name this Egyptian god of the underworld.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 226 ], [ 227, 409 ], [ 410, 466 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{photons}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of these particles produces an electron and a positron in pair production.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Photon", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b36a", "qanta_id": 17944, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these particles produces an electron and a positron in pair production. One of them is spontaneously emitted when a nucleus in an excited state transitions to a ground state. These particles were emitted in Thomas Young's double-slit experiment, which demonstrated wave-particle duality. They mediate the electromagnetic interaction. For 10 points, name these particles which make up light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 181 ], [ 182, 294 ], [ 295, 340 ], [ 341, 397 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Hermann {Hesse}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote the story \"A Man by the Name of Ziegler,\" in which the title character gains the power to understand animals and learns about their contempt for humans.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b389", "qanta_id": 17975, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote the story \"A Man by the Name of Ziegler,\" in which the title character gains the power to understand animals and learns about their contempt for humans. This man wrote a novel about the pedagogical province of Castalia and the main character's decision to leave an order obsessed with a game played on an abacus. He also wrote a novel whose title character is a Brahma on a spiritual journey. Those novels are The Glass Bead Game and Siddhartha. For 10 points, name this author of Steppenwolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 327 ], [ 328, 407 ], [ 408, 460 ], [ 461, 508 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Moliere} [accept Jean-Baptiste {Poquelin}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's title characters, Scapin, manages to keep two young couples united despite the wishes of their parents to marry them off to other people, while another of his title characters, George Dandin, finds himself an \"Abashed Husband\" after his marriage to Angelique.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moli\u00e8re", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b38f", "qanta_id": 17981, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's title characters, Scapin, manages to keep two young couples united despite the wishes of their parents to marry them off to other people, while another of his title characters, George Dandin, finds himself an \"Abashed Husband\" after his marriage to Angelique. A different character named Angelique appears in another of his works; in that work, she marries Cleante despite the hypochondriac tendencies of her father Argan, who is the titular \"imaginary invalid.\" For 10 points, name this French playwright who wrote about a man who swindles Orgon in his drama Tartuffe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 280 ], [ 281, 482 ], [ 482, 590 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Battles of {Saratoga}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During this battle Ebenezer Learned's 2nd, 8th, and 9th Massachusetts lines joined with Benedict Arnold's troops to attack the central Hessian position.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battles_of_Saratoga", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b3a7", "qanta_id": 18005, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During this battle Ebenezer Learned's 2nd, 8th, and 9th Massachusetts lines joined with Benedict Arnold's troops to attack the central Hessian position. This battle consisted of a series of engagements; one was at Freeman's Farm and the second was at Bemis Heights. For 10 points, name this turning point battle in 1777, in which Horatio Gates was victorious over John Burgoyne in New York.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 265 ], [ 266, 390 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Ireland} [or {Eire}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Roger Casement tried to bring guns to rebels in this country led by Patrick Pearse and James Connolly during Easter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ireland", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b3b2", "qanta_id": 18016, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Roger Casement tried to bring guns to rebels in this country led by Patrick Pearse and James Connolly during Easter. The movement for independence in this country included leaders such as \u00c9amon de Valera (AY-mun dev-uh-LAIR-uh), Charles Parnell, and Michael Collins. This country is home to the parties Fianna F\u00e1il (FEE-en-uh FOIL) and Sinn F\u00e9in (shin fayn). For 10 points, name this island country that with a northern neighbor that is a part of the United Kingdom, which was also the site in the middle of the nineteenth century of a potato famine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 266 ], [ 267, 358 ], [ 359, 550 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{photoelectric} effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This effect dominates in energy regimes under one mega-electron volt, while at higher energies Compton scattering and pair production are likely to occur.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Photoelectric_effect", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b3bc", "qanta_id": 18026, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This effect dominates in energy regimes under one mega-electron volt, while at higher energies Compton scattering and pair production are likely to occur. It was first observed by Heinrich Hertz while working with spark gaps. Mathematically, this effect is likely to occur when the threshold frequency of the electromagnetic radiation times Planck's constant is equal to the work function, usually represented by a lower case phi. For 10 points, name this effect where incident light on the surface of a metal releases electrons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 225 ], [ 226, 430 ], [ 431, 529 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{William} the {Conqueror} [or {William} I of England; prompt on {William}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This son of Robert the Devil began construction on the White Tower in London.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_the_Conqueror", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b3c3", "qanta_id": 18033, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This son of Robert the Devil began construction on the White Tower in London. This ruler's claim to the throne was backed by Pope Alexander II. This man ordered the creation of the Domesday Book. His queen was Matilda and Henry I was his son. This man's victory over Harold II began the Norman rule of England. For 10 points, name this ruler who won the Battle of Hastings and became King of England in 1066.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 143 ], [ 144, 195 ], [ 196, 227 ], [ 228, 242 ], [ 243, 310 ], [ 311, 408 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Frank Lloyd {Wright}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He used lily-pad columns for the \"Great Workroom\" of his Johnson Wax Headquarters, and designed several houses using the textile block system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Lloyd_Wright", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b3ca", "qanta_id": 18040, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He used lily-pad columns for the \"Great Workroom\" of his Johnson Wax Headquarters, and designed several houses using the textile block system. One work of his in the \"Maya Revival\" style survived the 1923 Tokyo earthquake. This architect of the Imperial Hotel designed a house for Edgar Kaufman with cantilevered floors built over Bear Run, and a museum best known for its spiral gallery. For 10 points, name this American architect of New York's Guggenheim Museum and Fallingwater.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 222 ], [ 223, 388 ], [ 389, 482 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{World War} I", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poet who wrote about travelling to participate in this event described a place \"washed by the rivers, blest by the suns of home\" \"that is for ever England.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "World_War_I", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b3ce", "qanta_id": 18044, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poet who wrote about travelling to participate in this event described a place \"washed by the rivers, blest by the suns of home\" \"that is for ever England.\" Many of the poets who wrote about this event were mentored by Siegfried Sassoon. One of those poets wrote about escaping this event via a tunnel to hell in \"Strange Meeting\" and about people \"bent double, like old beggars under sacks\" who believe \"the old lie\" in \"Dulce et Decorum Est.\" For 10 points, Rupert Brooke, Wilfred Owen, and John McCrae were all poets who chronicled what devastating 1910s conflict?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 241 ], [ 242, 447 ], [ 447, 571 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Otto}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One man with his name, from Freising, was a German chronicler who wrote the \"Deeds of Emperor Frederick I.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b3df", "qanta_id": 18061, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One man with his name, from Freising, was a German chronicler who wrote the \"Deeds of Emperor Frederick I.\" The first modern King of Greece had this name, which was also held by a man who ushered in a namesake Renaissance that included William of Mainz's compilation of the first pontifical book. That emperor with this name married Adelaide of Italy and revived a title that had been vacated forty years earlier. For 10 points, identify this name shared by the first three Holy Roman Emperors, which was also the first name of the Iron Chancellor von Bismarck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 296 ], [ 297, 413 ], [ 414, 561 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{China}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's earliest known poetry is collected in its Book of Songs, one of its \"Five Classics.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b40e", "qanta_id": 18108, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's earliest known poetry is collected in its Book of Songs, one of its \"Five Classics.\" This country's medieval poetry includes many lu shi written by Tu Fu. A classic novel from this country describes how the Monkey King helps a monk travel to India to retrieve some scriptures, and is titled Journey to the West. For 10 points, name this country whose classic novels were written during its Ming Dynasty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 98, 169 ], [ 170, 326 ], [ 327, 418 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "diffusion", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Maxwell-Stefan model of this applies for multicomponent systems.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b40f", "qanta_id": 18109, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Maxwell-Stefan model of this applies for multicomponent systems. It is used to separate isotopes of uranium in gaseous compounds. This process is described by Fick's laws. This arises from the statistics of random particle movement and in the context of water and a semipermiable membrane it is called osmosis. For 10 points, name this movement from high concentration to low concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 133 ], [ 134, 175 ], [ 176, 314 ], [ 315, 394 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Wuthering Heights}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This book's final chapter chronicles how one of its protagonists starts to starve himself to death, during which he claims to have seen the edge of hell but is now near heaven.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wuthering_Heights", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b417", "qanta_id": 18117, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This book's final chapter chronicles how one of its protagonists starts to starve himself to death, during which he claims to have seen the edge of hell but is now near heaven. Another chapter of this novel describes how a premature baby named Catherine is buried near the corner of a church with the Lintons. One character in this novel is freed by the housekeeper Zillah after she is imprisoned for many days. The frame story of this novel is set up between Nelly's tale to Lockwood about Thrushcross Grange and the titular locale. For 10 points, name this novel about Heathcliff and his relationship to Catherine Earnshaw, written by Emily Bronte.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 309 ], [ 310, 411 ], [ 412, 533 ], [ 534, 650 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Wuthering Heights}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this novel's character's dogs is hung on a doorpost, while in another section of this novel a character can read his name but not the date \"1500\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wuthering_Heights", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b41a", "qanta_id": 18120, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this novel's character's dogs is hung on a doorpost, while in another section of this novel a character can read his name but not the date \"1500\". That former character, Isabella, runs off to London and there gives birth to Linton, while a more prominent character in this story was abused by Hindley and abuses Hindley's son in turn, and is distraught when another character marries Edgar. This novel sees Nelly Dean recounts the story to the narrator Lockwood, who leaves Thrushwood Grange and returns to find Cathy and Hareton are married. For 10 points, identify this novel about Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff by Emily Bronte.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 397 ], [ 398, 549 ], [ 550, 641 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Wuthering Heights}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel opens the side of his dead beloved's coffin and wills that one side of his coffin be opened facing her so their bodies can mingle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wuthering_Heights", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b41c", "qanta_id": 18122, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel opens the side of his dead beloved's coffin and wills that one side of his coffin be opened facing her so their bodies can mingle. In this novel, one character marries Isabella to get revenge on her brother Edgar. This novel is narrated by Nelly Dean and Mr. Lockwood, who begins this novel by renting Thrushcross Grange. Set in the moors of north England, this novel focuses on the love between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff. For 10 points, name this only novel by Emily Bronte.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 241 ], [ 242, 349 ], [ 350, 458 ], [ 459, 511 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Willa {Cather}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, Doctor Archie watches Thea Kronborg's opera performance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willa_Cather", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b41f", "qanta_id": 18125, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's novels, Doctor Archie watches Thea Kronborg's opera performance. In addition to The Song of the Lark, this author wrote a novel in which Frank shoots the protagonist's brother, Emil, for having an affair with his wife Marie. Besides that novel about Alexandra Bergson, she wrote a novel in which Jim Burden befriends the title Bohemian immigrant on the prairies. For 10 points, name this author of O Pioneers! and My Antonia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 248 ], [ 249, 386 ], [ 387, 433 ], [ 434, 449 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "stomach", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Mucus-producing foveolar cells are found inside this organ, which secretes a compound needed for vitamin B-12 absorption.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stomach", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b42e", "qanta_id": 18140, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Mucus-producing foveolar cells are found inside this organ, which secretes a compound needed for vitamin B-12 absorption. That compound, the intrinsic factor, is secreted by the parietal cells, which also secrete a mixture of hydrochloric acid called gastric acid. At the lower part of this organ lies the pylorus, which connects this organ to the duodenum of the small intestine. For 10 points, name this organ which breaks down food sent from the esophagus and is divided into four chambers in a cow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 264 ], [ 265, 380 ], [ 381, 502 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Les {Fleurs du Mal} [or The Flowers of Evil]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One section of this work includes poems about the significance of wine to various figures, including the lonely man and the murderer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Les_Fleurs_du_mal", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b433", "qanta_id": 18145, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One section of this work includes poems about the significance of wine to various figures, including the lonely man and the murderer. That section comes between the sections \"Revolt\" and \"Death.\" Its longest section features poems such as \"Sorrows of the Moon,\" \"The Sick Muse,\" and \"Invitation to the Voyage.\" A poem which introduces this volume addresses the reader as \"Hypocrite leader, my likeness, my brother!\" For 10 points, name this 1857 poetry collection by Charles Baudelaire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 195 ], [ 196, 310 ], [ 311, 415 ], [ 416, 486 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{A\u00efda} ({eye}-{EE}-{duh})", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The title character of this opera sings the aria \"Ritorna Vincitor\" (REE-tore", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aida", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b454", "qanta_id": 18178, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title character of this opera sings the aria \"Ritorna Vincitor\" (REE-tore-nah VEEN-see-tore) in act 1. \"O terra, addio\" (OH TAHR-ahd-DEE-oh) is performed by the title character and her lover as they are entombed together while still alive. The title character sings about her homeland in \"O Patria Mia.\" Ramfis, the high priest, blesses the impending wedding of Amneris in this opera. The title character is condemned to death for choosing to love Radames. For 10 points, name this opera by Giuseppe Verdi about an Ethiopian princess who is captured by the Egyptians.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 77, 108 ], [ 108, 140 ], [ 140, 243 ], [ 244, 306 ], [ 306, 388 ], [ 389, 460 ], [ 461, 571 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{death} [or {dying} or other word forms]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Jessica Mitford wrote \"the American way of\" this, which was a bestselling investigation into a certain industry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b460", "qanta_id": 18190, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Jessica Mitford wrote \"the American way of\" this, which was a bestselling investigation into a certain industry. According to another writer, one instance of this happening \"utterly transforms the modern text\" and leads to \"the birth of the reader.\" A phenomenon which often ensues from this event was described in a book on this occurrence and its process, which outlines a five-stage model including bargaining and acceptance. For 10 points, Elizabeth Kubler-Ross's five stages of grief often follow what event, which is studied by thanatologists and coroners?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 249 ], [ 250, 428 ], [ 429, 562 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Frank Owen {Gehry}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An elementary school is part of the first five floors of a building this man designed to be the tallest residential structure in the world, the recently completed Beekman Tower.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Gehry", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b468", "qanta_id": 18198, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An elementary school is part of the first five floors of a building this man designed to be the tallest residential structure in the world, the recently completed Beekman Tower. This man designed a building for a foundation created by Paul Allen, and that Experience Music Project building is adjacent to the Space Needle. A building this man designed with Vlado Milunic (mee-LOO-nitch) was originally named \"Fred and Ginger.\" This man used erratic light-catching curves for an art museum he designed to resemble a ship. For 10 points, name this architect and designer of the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles and Bilbao branch of the Guggenheim Museum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 322 ], [ 323, 426 ], [ 427, 520 ], [ 521, 659 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Inca} [or {Incans}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These people believed in a goddess named \"mother tree\" who appeared as a two-headed snake.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b470", "qanta_id": 18206, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These people believed in a goddess named \"mother tree\" who appeared as a two-headed snake. In this people's origin myth, a golden stick was repeatedly pushed into the ground until sinking at a fertile place. These people believed in a rain god who kept the Milky Way in a jug. The creator of the world in this people's mythology announced his departure at Manta and walked away across the ocean, leaving daily affairs in the hands of such figures as Mama Quilla and the sun god Inti. For 10 points, name this people that worshipped Ilyapa and Viracocha from temples in modern-day Peru.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 207 ], [ 208, 276 ], [ 277, 477 ], [ 478, 483 ], [ 484, 585 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Paris}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One document named for this city concluded the Albigensian Crusade.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paris", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b4ba", "qanta_id": 18280, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One document named for this city concluded the Albigensian Crusade. Another signed thirty years later relinquished Henry III's claim to Normandy and Anjou. One treaty named after this city ended the Crimean War. Under the conditions of another treaty with this name, Spain ceded Guam to the United States. A treaty with this name acknowledged the independence of the Thirteen Colonies. For 10 points, name this city that gave its name to treaties that ended both the Spanish-American and the Revolutionary Wars.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 155 ], [ 156, 211 ], [ 212, 305 ], [ 306, 385 ], [ 386, 511 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "George {Orwell} [or Eric Arthur {Blair}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one essay by this man, an unnamed policeman in Burma is pressured by the natives to kill the title creature.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Orwell", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b4cf", "qanta_id": 18301, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one essay by this man, an unnamed policeman in Burma is pressured by the natives to kill the title creature. In addition to \"Shooting an Elephant,\" this man wrote a novel in which the protagonist is married to the absent Katharine and works with Ampleforth, and another novel in which Boxer is exploited before being sent to his death by Napoleon. The latter novel sees the implementation of a maxim that states \"all\" the title characters \"are equal, but some are more equal than others.\" For 10 points, name this English author who wrote the dystopian 1984 and Animal Farm.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 350 ], [ 351, 491 ], [ 492, 577 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "U.S.A [or {United States} of America; or America]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One musical set aboard a ship that departs from this country includes the songs \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "United_States", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b4d2", "qanta_id": 18304, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One musical set aboard a ship that departs from this country includes the songs \"It's De-Lovely\" and \"I Get a Kick out of You.\" That work is Anything Goes by Cole Porter. On the Town by Leonard Bernstein is about sailors from this country. One person from this country goes to Paris in a Gershwin musical. One musical set in this country includes the song \"You're the One That I Want\" and is entitled Grease. For 10 points, name this country that is the home of composer George M. Cohan, who wrote the song \"Yankee Doodle Boy,\" and where musicals are often performed on Broadway.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 81, 127 ], [ 128, 170 ], [ 171, 239 ], [ 240, 305 ], [ 306, 357 ], [ 357, 408 ], [ 409, 579 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Aaron {Copland}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man composed a concerto in only two movements, linked by a cadenza, the second of which is a rondo based on Latin American themes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aaron_Copland", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b4e0", "qanta_id": 18318, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man composed a concerto in only two movements, linked by a cadenza, the second of which is a rondo based on Latin American themes. Another of this composer's works is a song cycle based on twelve Emily Dickinson poems. This man wrote a Clarinet Concerto to be played by Benny Goodman, and he incorporated the folk-song \"El Palo Verde\" into his El Salon Mexico. He composed music for a ballet that incorporates the Shaker hymn \"Simple Gifts\" and was choreographed by Martha Graham. For 10 points, name this American composer of Appalachian Spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 223 ], [ 224, 365 ], [ 366, 485 ], [ 486, 551 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Charlemagne} [or Charles I; or Charles the {Great}; or Charles le {Grand}; or {Karl der Grosse}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler set up a system of authority and law in his namesake Capitulary.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b500", "qanta_id": 18350, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler set up a system of authority and law in his namesake Capitulary. A biography of this ruler was written by Einhard. This ruler originally split lands with his brother Carloman after the death of his father, Pepin the Short. This man was unexpectedly crowned while kneeling to pray in St. Peter's Basilica on Christmas by Pope Leo III, becoming by that action \"Emperor of the Romans\" in the year 800. For 10 points, name this grandson of Charles Martel and Carolingian ruler who greatly expanded the Frankish empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 125 ], [ 126, 233 ], [ 234, 409 ], [ 410, 525 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{viscosity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "For an ideal gas, this quantity can be derived from temperature using Sutherland's formula.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b50d", "qanta_id": 18363, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For an ideal gas, this quantity can be derived from temperature using Sutherland's formula. This quantity can be mathematically represented by tensors of fourth or higher orders. Bingham plastics can experience a dramatic increase in this property at high stresses, though at low stresses it instead is characterized by an amalgamation of this term and \"elastic.\" Thixotropic and rheopectic materials respectively decrease and increase this property over time, much like the processes of shear thinning and shear thickening. This value is non-constant for non-Newtonian fluids, such as blood and ketchup. Analogous to friction, for 10 points, identify this term for a fluid's resistance to flow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 178 ], [ 179, 363 ], [ 364, 524 ], [ 525, 604 ], [ 605, 695 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Margaret Hilda {Thatcher} [or Margaret Hilda {Roberts}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This politician gained one nickname while serving as Minister of Education under Edward Heath by ending a program that provided free milk for school children over seven years old.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Thatcher", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b511", "qanta_id": 18367, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This politician gained one nickname while serving as Minister of Education under Edward Heath by ending a program that provided free milk for school children over seven years old. This leader of the \"Dries\" succeeded James Callaghan after an election that followed the strikes of the \"Winter of Discontent.\" This prime minister's country was brought into a conflict after forces under Leopoldo Galtieri invaded the Falklands. For 10 points, name this Conservative British leader of the 1980s whose staunch anticommunist stance earned her the nickname \"Iron Lady.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 306 ], [ 306, 425 ], [ 426, 563 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Michelangelo} Buenarroti [or {Michelangelo Buenarroti}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's sculptures is incomplete in such a way that its head appears to be sealed in marble, leading to its nickname of Blockhead Slave.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michelangelo", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b514", "qanta_id": 18370, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's sculptures is incomplete in such a way that its head appears to be sealed in marble, leading to its nickname of Blockhead Slave. Another of his sculptures depicts a man with bulging veins and a furious gaze running his fingers through his long beard. That work, based on a mistranslation of the Old Testament Hebrew, depicts Moses with horns and was made for the tomb of Pope Julius II. For 10 points, name this Renaissance Italian sculptor, who also depicted Mary cradling the dead Jesus in his Piet\u00e1.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 268 ], [ 269, 404 ], [ 405, 520 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Apollo}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During one mission of this name, cube-shaped CM canisters were adapted to fit round LM sockets using a device called the \"mailbox.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apollo", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b51a", "qanta_id": 18376, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During one mission of this name, cube-shaped CM canisters were adapted to fit round LM sockets using a device called the \"mailbox.\" One mission of this name killed Edward White, Gus Grissom, and Roger Chaffee when it caught on fire. Jack Swigert, Fred Haise, and James Lovell were on another mission of this name when Oxygen Tank Number Two exploded, necessitating a trip around the dark side of the moon. For 10 points, name this series of missions, the eleventh of which landed Neil Armstrong on the moon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 130, 232 ], [ 233, 405 ], [ 406, 507 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "James Mercer Langston {Hughes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem by this writer, a speaker tells the title figure that \"ten bucks\" is \"more'n I'll pay you till you fix this house up new.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b527", "qanta_id": 18389, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem by this writer, a speaker tells the title figure that \"ten bucks\" is \"more'n I'll pay you till you fix this house up new.\" That piece by this poet is \"The Ballad of the Landlord.\" This poet wrote \"tomorrow, I'll be at the table when company comes\" in \"I, Too, Sing America.\" Another poem by this man mentions how the speaker heard a man \"down on Lenox Avenue the other night ... droning a drowsy syncopated tune.\" For 10 points, name this African-American poet of such poems as \"Theme for English B,\" \"Harlem,\" and \"The Weary Blues.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 191 ], [ 192, 286 ], [ 287, 390 ], [ 391, 424 ], [ 424, 545 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Kurt {Vonnegut}, Jr.", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel in which Dr. Swain wins a Presidential election on a plan of organizing America into a network of vast extended families, and another in which war criminal Howard Campbell is tried in Israel for working as a Nazi propagandist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kurt_Vonnegut", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b535", "qanta_id": 18403, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a novel in which Dr. Swain wins a Presidential election on a plan of organizing America into a network of vast extended families, and another in which war criminal Howard Campbell is tried in Israel for working as a Nazi propagandist. This author of Slapstick and Mother Night also wrote a short story whose protagonist dances into the sky with a ballerina and is shot by Handicapper General Diana Moon Glampers. He wrote about the Pontiac dealer Dwayne Hoover's obsession with science fiction author Kilgore Trount in one novel, and he wrote a book in which Paul Lazzaro believes he must kill World War II veteran and time traveler Billy Pilgrim. For 10 points, name the man who wrote \"Harrison Bergeron,\" Breakfast of Champions, and Slaughterhouse-Five.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 252 ], [ 253, 430 ], [ 431, 665 ], [ 666, 773 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jean William Fritz {Piaget}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One key idea of this thinker was adaptation, which occurred by taking material in from the environment and noting their differences through assimilation and accommodation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Piaget", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b537", "qanta_id": 18405, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One key idea of this thinker was adaptation, which occurred by taking material in from the environment and noting their differences through assimilation and accommodation. In one experiment, this psychologist established the notion of \"conservation of number\" by rearranging the same number of objects, demonstrating that children lack it until the age of 7. He proposed that children from the age of 2-7 learn to use language to represent objects, but classify them only by a single characteristic and are egocentric. That group was classified as \"preoperational\", which followed this man's \"sensorimotor\" stage. For 10 points each, identify this Swiss psychologist who developed four stages of cognitive development.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 359 ], [ 360, 519 ], [ 520, 614 ], [ 615, 719 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Garden of Earthly Delights}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Joan Miro adapted scenery from this painting in his The Tilled Field, while Wilhelm Franger believed that this work was commissioned by the Grand Master of a secret society dedicated to spreading pure lust across Europe.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b541", "qanta_id": 18415, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Joan Miro adapted scenery from this painting in his The Tilled Field, while Wilhelm Franger believed that this work was commissioned by the Grand Master of a secret society dedicated to spreading pure lust across Europe. This work drew from expedition journals in its depiction of a bleached-white giraffe, and in the bottom right of this work a pig wearing a cowl kisses a man on the cheek. Its depiction of a large fruit in the center panel gave it the nickname \"the Strawberry Painting\". The bottom left of this work depicts the moment when Adam and Eve first meet, while an image of the world's creation is shown if this painting's left and right panels are closed. For 10 points, name this crazy-ass triptych contrasting paradise and hell, a work by Hieronymus Bosch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 220 ], [ 221, 391 ], [ 392, 490 ], [ 491, 669 ], [ 670, 772 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Nikolai {Gogol}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of one work by this author becomes an opium addict after realizing that he has fallen in love with a prostitute and abandoning his life as an artist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Gogol", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b544", "qanta_id": 18418, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of one work by this author becomes an opium addict after realizing that he has fallen in love with a prostitute and abandoning his life as an artist. That work opens with a description of the people found on the titular thoroughfare at different times of the day, and centers on Pirogov and Piskarev. In another work by this author, the protagonist goes to a newspaper office to place an ad to solve his problem after giving up hopes at a police station. That work sees the titular figure pose as a State Councilor and deny that he is actually the titular object that belongs to Major Kovalyov, and opens in an establishment which advertises that it lets blood. For 10 points, name this Russian author of \"Nevsky Prospect\" and \"The Nose.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 316 ], [ 317, 470 ], [ 471, 677 ], [ 678, 754 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Edward Morgan {Forster}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The title character of one novel by this author ends up falling in love with Alec Scudder after studying at Cambridge.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._M._Forster", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b56f", "qanta_id": 18461, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title character of one novel by this author ends up falling in love with Alec Scudder after studying at Cambridge. The protagonist of that work had earlier fallen in love with Clive Durham and was raised with his sisters by their widowed mother. The protagonist of one of his works witnesses two men quarrelling before one stabs the other after meeting one of her acquaintances in Santa Croce. The protagonist of that work by this author of Maurice has a talk with George Emerson after which she breaks off her engagement with Cecil Vyse. Cyril Feilding believes that a Dr. Aziz is not guilty of raping Adela Quested in the Marabar Caves in another work by this author. For 10 points, name this author of A Room With a View and Passage to India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 249 ], [ 250, 397 ], [ 398, 542 ], [ 543, 673 ], [ 674, 749 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Otto Eduard Leopold von {Bismarck}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man is depicted in Sir John Tenniel's cartoon entitled \"Dropping the Pilot\" as a maritime pilot leaving a ship.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_von_Bismarck", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b571", "qanta_id": 18463, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man is depicted in Sir John Tenniel's cartoon entitled \"Dropping the Pilot\" as a maritime pilot leaving a ship. He was the target of an assassination attempt by a student who shot him five times at close range and was named Cohen-Blind. This politician described his domestic programs as \"practical Christianity\" and pushed for legislation on accident and disability insurance. He edited a report of a meeting between Count Benedetti and a certain ruler. This man led a meeting to revise the Treaty of San Stefano and reorganize the Balkans after the Russo-Turkish War. This politician initiated the anti-Catholic Kulturkampf and proclaimed that the great questions will be resolved \"by iron and blood.\" For 10 points, name this Prussian statesman known as the \"Iron Chancellor\" of Germany.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 241 ], [ 242, 382 ], [ 383, 459 ], [ 460, 574 ], [ 575, 708 ], [ 709, 795 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{David}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Dominico Ghirlandaio's work by this name stands on a large pedestal in the Sassetti Chapel in Santa Trinita, and the subject of another work of this title, Verrocchio, wears what appears to be a tight fitting dress and is in the Palazzo Vecchio.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b572", "qanta_id": 18464, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Dominico Ghirlandaio's work by this name stands on a large pedestal in the Sassetti Chapel in Santa Trinita, and the subject of another work of this title, Verrocchio, wears what appears to be a tight fitting dress and is in the Palazzo Vecchio. One work with this title was commissioned as a centerpiece for Lorenzo de Medici's wedding, and one section in that work depicts Ophni and Pinnees alongside the ark of the covenant. A feather strokes the inner thigh of the central figure in that work, who is depicted wearing boots. Another work with this title shows the central figure hold a slingshot over his left shoulder. \u00a0For 10 points, Michelangelo and Donatello sculpted what biblical hero who slayed Goliath?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 245 ], [ 246, 427 ], [ 428, 528 ], [ 529, 625 ], [ 625, 714 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Octavio {Paz} Lozano", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote that \"the best thing to do will be to choose the path to Galta, traverse it again\" and then \"go to the end\" in one work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Octavio_Paz", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b575", "qanta_id": 18467, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote that \"the best thing to do will be to choose the path to Galta, traverse it again\" and then \"go to the end\" in one work. This author could not decide \"Between leaving and staying\" in a work that also includes \"Golden Lotuses\" and \"Stars and Cricket\" in his collection A Draft of Shadows. This author wrote about Sor Juana Inez de la Cruz in The Traps of Faith, penned The Monkey Grammarian, and wrote and about a \"willow of crystal, a poplar of water\" in another work. This author divided his most famous work about his nation's national identity into nine sections such as \"The Sons of La Malinche,\" \"From Independence to the Revolution,\" and \"The Day of the Dead.\" For 10 points, identify this Mexican author of Sunstone and The Labyrinth of Solitude.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 305 ], [ 306, 486 ], [ 487, 683 ], [ 683, 771 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "War of the {Triple Alliance} [accept {Guerra} de la {Triple Alianza}, prompt on {Paraguayan War}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "During this war, a veteran of a Morocco campaign, the Count of Eu, was recalled from his honeymoon to fight for his father-in-law's side.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paraguayan_War", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b577", "qanta_id": 18469, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During this war, a veteran of a Morocco campaign, the Count of Eu, was recalled from his honeymoon to fight for his father-in-law's side. The leader of the losing country ordered his 70-year-old mother publicly flogged and had an Irish mistress named Eliza Lynch. A boundary dispute after this war was resolved by Rutherford B. Hayes. The victorious side in this war initially named Bartolome Mitre as supreme commander, and a turning point saw the losing country's fleet destroyed at the naval battle of Riachuelo. This war ended with the death of the losing country's flamboyant leader Francisco Solano Lopez. For 10 points, name this 1864 to 1870 conflict, the bloodiest war in South American history, which saw Paraguay get defeated by Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 263 ], [ 264, 334 ], [ 335, 515 ], [ 516, 611 ], [ 612, 771 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Tezcatlipoca}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Every night this god roamed the earth in the form of a skeleton, daring those he met to grab his heart from his chest and promising riches and power.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tezcatlipoca", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b578", "qanta_id": 18470, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Every night this god roamed the earth in the form of a skeleton, daring those he met to grab his heart from his chest and promising riches and power. He was generally depicted with a black and yellow stripe across his face, and twenty gold bells on his ankles, and he carried four arrows. In one story, this god got his brother drunk and induced him to seduce his sister, leading to that brother's exile, while in another story he abducted the flower goddess Xochiquetzal from her original husband, Tlaloc. This deity lost his foot when he used it as bait for the crocodile Cipactli during the creation of the world, after which he replaced it with either a snake or a smoking obsidian mirror. For 10 points, identify this Aztec god, known for his jaguar form and for his rivalry with Quetzalcoatl.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 288 ], [ 289, 506 ], [ 507, 573 ], [ 574, 693 ], [ 694, 798 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Theseus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's son Acamas hid in the Trojan Horse, while information provided to this man by the herald Leos allowed him to foil an ambush at Gargettus set up by the Pallantides.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theseus", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b597", "qanta_id": 18501, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's son Acamas hid in the Trojan Horse, while information provided to this man by the herald Leos allowed him to foil an ambush at Gargettus set up by the Pallantides. He defeated Cercyon in a wrestling match after earlier hunting down a creature bred by Phaea known as the Crommyonian sow. The Dioscuri rescued Helen from Aethra after this man kidnapped her because of his promise to wed a daughter of Zeus. While he was traveling to Athens, he killed a man who kicked people into the sea named Sciron and one who stretched or chopped visitors fit his bed, Procrustes. He married Phaedra after abandoning his first wife Ariadne on Naxos and after being sent as a tribute to Crete, he slew a monstrous child of Pasiphae that wandered the Labyrinth. For 10 points, name this Greek hero who killed the Minotaur.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 297 ], [ 298, 415 ], [ 416, 576 ], [ 577, 755 ], [ 756, 816 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Immanuel Kant", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Wilfrid Sellars cites this philosopher as his most important influence and titled a book after this man's \"Variations.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b59c", "qanta_id": 18506, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Wilfrid Sellars cites this philosopher as his most important influence and titled a book after this man's \"Variations.\" In one essay, he asserted that representative republics provided the path to international pacifism, while in another essay, which praised Frederick II as an ideal ruler, he defined the title concept as \"Man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity,\" This author of \"Perpetual Peace\" and \"What is Enlightenment?\" described a concept which requires people to formulate rules that should be followed in all circumstances. \u00a0That concept, which was found in his Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, is the \"categorical imperative.\" For 10 points, name the philosopher who wrote Critiques of Practical and Pure Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 546 ], [ 546, 656 ], [ 656, 743 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Rene Descartes", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In his last published work, this philosopher argued that emotions arise out of the movement of what he termed \"animal spirits\" in different combinations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b5aa", "qanta_id": 18520, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In his last published work, this philosopher argued that emotions arise out of the movement of what he termed \"animal spirits\" in different combinations. That work was his The Passions of the Soul. This philosopher illustrated how the senses can be deceiving by using the analogy of a piece of wax. He argued that because sensory perceptions are involuntary, they must come from an external world in a work in which he began by assuming that an \"Evil Demon\" was creating his perceptions. \u00a0For 10 points, name the French skeptical philosopher who championed mind-body dualism and wrote Discourse on Method and the Meditations on First Philosophy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 197 ], [ 198, 298 ], [ 299, 489 ], [ 489, 645 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Islamic Republic of {Pakistan}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Raymond Davis, a CIA contractor was held in this country for killing two citizens in its largest city.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pakistan", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b5ac", "qanta_id": 18522, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Raymond Davis, a CIA contractor was held in this country for killing two citizens in its largest city. The Lashkar e Taiba is a terrorist organizations based in this country which has organized attacks in territory disputed by this country and its eastern neighbor. Recently, this country has seen the death of Qumar David, who was imprisoned for violating its laws prohibiting blasphemy against Islam, and the only Christian cabinet member in this country was shot dead for opposing those laws. In 2009, it also saw the reinstatement of a Chief Justice, who had declared Martial law under its former President illegal. That emeregency was declared in 2007 by former President Pervez Musharraf. For 10 points, identify this country which is currently led by Asif Ali Zardari.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 265 ], [ 266, 495 ], [ 496, 619 ], [ 620, 694 ], [ 695, 775 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{horses}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of these creatures is featured at the bottom of Lucas Cranach the Elder's The Crucifixion with the Converted Centurion, and one of these is shown attacked by a lion in a work by George Stubbs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horse", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b5b7", "qanta_id": 18533, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these creatures is featured at the bottom of Lucas Cranach the Elder's The Crucifixion with the Converted Centurion, and one of these is shown attacked by a lion in a work by George Stubbs. Rosa Bonheur painted a number of these animals running in a circle in one work, and the head of one of these creatures is depicted looking on from the left as an incubus sits on a sleeping woman in another painting. Aguste Macke and Franz Marc lead a German art movement named after a painting prominently featuring one of these animals, and four of these creatures enter the scene from the left as their riders wreck havoc in a Durer etching. For 10 points, name these animals, which are ridden by certain four figures of the Apocalypse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 197, 412 ], [ 413, 640 ], [ 641, 735 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "mitochondria", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Cardiolipin is a so called \"double\" lipid with four fatty acid tails that is abundant in this organelle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b5be", "qanta_id": 18540, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Cardiolipin is a so called \"double\" lipid with four fatty acid tails that is abundant in this organelle. Thermogenin acts as an uncoupler of one process that occurs in these structures in brown fat cells, which get their color due to the abundance of these structures. The F1 complex of a protein found in this structure has been shown to be water soluable, and that protein's F0 complex is a transmembrane domain that releases its product onto the F1 complex. Cytochrome C is a peripheral protein found in the intermembrane space of this organelle, and secretion of that enzyme serves as a signal to trigger apoptosis. For 10 points, name this semi-autonomous organelle, where the bulk of ADP phosphorylation occurs, often called the \"powerhouse of the cell.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 268 ], [ 269, 460 ], [ 461, 619 ], [ 620, 760 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Nikolai Andreyevich {Rimsky}-{Korsakov}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work, which opens in 5/2 time, this composer used brief violin cadenzas to separate sections based on \"The Angel Cried\" and \"Christ is Risen.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b5c0", "qanta_id": 18542, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, which opens in 5/2 time, this composer used brief violin cadenzas to separate sections based on \"The Angel Cried\" and \"Christ is Risen.\" One of his compositions represents the title character in all four movements with a harp-accompanied violin solo that contains a repeated passage of descending chromatic sixteenth-note triplets. This composer of the Russian Easter Festival Overture wrote an oft-excerpted interlude that contains a run of chromatic sixteenth notes for the violin in his opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan. For 10 points, name this composer of the Scheherazade suite and the buzztacular Flight of the Bumblebee.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 344 ], [ 345, 508 ], [ 509, 533 ], [ 534, 638 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "William Cullen {Bryant}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man wrote a poem in which he concludes the title month is \"when brooks send up a cheerful tune.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Cullen_Bryant", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b5c1", "qanta_id": 18543, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote a poem in which he concludes the title month is \"when brooks send up a cheerful tune.\" Another of his works describes piercing the \"Barcan wilderness\" or the woods \"where rolls the Oregon.\" This poet of \"June\" concludes in another work that he who \"guides through the boundless sky\" the title creature on its \"solitary way\" will also lead his steps. In another poem, this man writes about lying down \"with patriarchs of the infant world\u2026all in one mighty sepulchre.\" That best known poem of this author was written primarily when he was a teenager and has a title translated as \"Meditation upon Death.\" For 10 points, name this long-time editor of the New York Evening Post, who wrote the poems \"To a Waterfowl\" and \"Thanatopsis.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 204 ], [ 205, 364 ], [ 365, 480 ], [ 480, 617 ], [ 618, 711 ], [ 711, 745 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{electron}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A theory pertaining to the transfer of these items uses a quantity equal to the energy required to bring the system to its final reaction coordinates under certain conditions, and won Rudolf Marcus the 1927 Nobel in Chemistry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electron", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b5c3", "qanta_id": 18545, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A theory pertaining to the transfer of these items uses a quantity equal to the energy required to bring the system to its final reaction coordinates under certain conditions, and won Rudolf Marcus the 1927 Nobel in Chemistry. In the post-Hartree-Fock methods, the configuration interaction functions try to correct for neglecting the correlation energy between these particles. Nitro and halide groups \"withdraw\" these particles from an aromatic ring. The outer most sets of these which don't participate in bonding are called \"lone pairs\" and are represented in Lewis structures. For 10 points, identify these particles which carry a negative charge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 226 ], [ 227, 378 ], [ 379, 452 ], [ 453, 581 ], [ 582, 652 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{free radicals} [prompt on {oxidizing molecules} at any point]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Spin trapping reagents stabilize these molecules so that they may be studied properly in ESR spectroscopy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Radical_(chemistry)", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b5eb", "qanta_id": 18585, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Spin trapping reagents stabilize these molecules so that they may be studied properly in ESR spectroscopy. One molecule that interacts with these types of molecules is a tripeptide that includes a reactive sulfhydryl group and is oxidized during the reaction. The namesake dismutase of one of these molecules disassociates it into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, and other molecules that degrade these mitogenic molecules in cells include vitamins E and C. Notable examples of these include the superoxide anion, and antioxidants prevent the formation of these molecules. For 10 points, name these molecules that are characterized by having an unpaired electron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 259 ], [ 260, 569 ], [ 570, 660 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Luigi Pirandello", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, which features characters like Cavaliere Tito Lenzi and the theosophy-obsessed Anselmo, Batty Malagna forces the protagonist into an unhappy marriage with Romilda Pescatore.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Luigi_Pirandello", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b5f1", "qanta_id": 18591, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, which features characters like Cavaliere Tito Lenzi and the theosophy-obsessed Anselmo, Batty Malagna forces the protagonist into an unhappy marriage with Romilda Pescatore. That protagonist wins big in Monte Carlo and finds out that he has been declared dead, prompting him to take up the identity of Adriano Meis. Another of his works ends in confusion after a revolver shot rings out, causing a potential suicide, while the Child drowns in the fountain. That work features a brief appearance by the brothel owner Madame Pace but mostly focuses on the title characters' interruption of a rehearsal of Rules of the Game. For 10 points, identify this Italian author of The Late Mattia Pascal and Six Characters in Search of an Author.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 346 ], [ 347, 487 ], [ 488, 652 ], [ 653, 765 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{pendulum} [or {pendula}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A system named for Rott features has two of these structures with horizontal SFP and BFPs at stable equilibria.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pendulum", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b5fa", "qanta_id": 18600, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A system named for Rott features has two of these structures with horizontal SFP and BFPs at stable equilibria. In the phase-space representation for the system, the upper-half of the separatrix shows solutions for these systems starting at their inverted positions. Two coupled ones are commonly used to represent chaotic systems. When their displacements are assumed to be small, the sine theta term in the equation is approximated to theta. Another of these was used to demonstrate the rotation of the earth and was named for Foucault. For 10 points, identify these physical systems which can be used to model simple harmonic motions, and which swing back and forth in some clocks.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 266 ], [ 267, 331 ], [ 332, 443 ], [ 444, 538 ], [ 539, 684 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{W.V.O.} Quine [or {Willard Van Orman Quine}; or {Van Quine} from {wikipedia}-{approved intimates}; do not accept \u201c{Willard Van Orman Quince}\u201d]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This philosopher used the example of Pegasus to illustrate that when we speak the truth it must always be truth \"about something\" in an essay about non-referring names called \"On What There Is\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willard_Van_Orman_Quine", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b61a", "qanta_id": 18632, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher used the example of Pegasus to illustrate that when we speak the truth it must always be truth \"about something\" in an essay about non-referring names called \"On What There Is\". Another work by this man criticizes Rudolf Carnap's attempts to reduce all statements into sense-data language. He argued that philosophical methods should be abandoned in favor of the scientific study of how knowledge is acquired in his essay \"Epistemology Naturalized\". This man used the words \"unmarried man\" and \"bachelor\" to distinguish between true and synonymous statements in an essay that rejected the rigid divide between analytic and synthetic statements. For 10 points, name this American analytic philosopher who wrote Word and Object and \"Two Dogmas of Empiricism\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 306 ], [ 307, 466 ], [ 467, 661 ], [ 662, 774 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Atalanta", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure's son was one of the seven against Thebes and was named Parthenopaios.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Atalanta", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b61e", "qanta_id": 18636, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure's son was one of the seven against Thebes and was named Parthenopaios. One of this figure's feats occurred after King Oineus forgot to make a sacrifice to Artemis. After killing the centaurs Rhaecus and Hylaeus, this figure joined with others such as Peleus and [*] Meleager and drew first blood in their hunt for the Calydonian boar. This figure was turned into a lion for making love in a temple of Zeus with her husband Melanion. Raised by a she-bear, for 10 points, name this fleet-footed Greek huntress who lost a race after her opponent threw golden apples as a distraction.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 175 ], [ 176, 273 ], [ 274, 277 ], [ 278, 346 ], [ 347, 444 ], [ 445, 592 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Atalanta", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This mythological figure killed the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus after they tried to rape her, and this figure caused the death of two of Althaea's brothers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Atalanta", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b620", "qanta_id": 18638, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This mythological figure killed the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus after they tried to rape her, and this figure caused the death of two of Althaea's brothers. This mythological figure, the mother of Parthenopaeus, was turned into a lion after she consummated her marriage in a temple of Zeus, and Medea saved her life by healing a wound suffered fighting the Colchians. Raised by a she-bear after her father abandoned her, she participated in the Calydonian boar hunt as well as being an Argonaut, but she is better known for being distracted by some golden apples while racing Hippomenes. For 10 points, name this mythological huntress known for her foot speed.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 368 ], [ 369, 588 ], [ 589, 661 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Atalanta}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This Arcadian wounded a creature sent to punish Oeneus for improperly worshipping Artemis and killed the centaurs Rhaecus and Hylaeus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Atalanta", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b622", "qanta_id": 18640, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This Arcadian wounded a creature sent to punish Oeneus for improperly worshipping Artemis and killed the centaurs Rhaecus and Hylaeus. This figure defeated Peleus in wrestling at the funeral games of Pelias and inadvertently led Althea to kill her son in order to avenge her brothers by tossing the brand that determined the length of his life into a fire. This figure's father Iasus left her on Mount Parthenius, where she was suckled by a bear. For 10 points, name this woman who was the only female Argonaut and refused to marry until Aphrodite's gift of golden apples helped Hippomenes defeat her in a footrace.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 356 ], [ 357, 446 ], [ 447, 615 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Heracles [or Hercules]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man was once forced to spend a night with Echidna in order to retrieve his horses.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heracles", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b686", "qanta_id": 18740, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man was once forced to spend a night with Echidna in order to retrieve his horses. In another story,\n he was robbed and mocked by the monkey-like Cercopes. In a wrestling match, he broke off the horn of the\n river-god Achelous. He rescued princess Hesione from a sea-monster, and along with Telamon, he\n organized an expedition to sack Troy. During one feat, he lost a toe to a gigantic crab, but triumphed with\n the help of his nephew Iolaus. This hero used noise makers to slay the Stymphalian Birds, clubbed the\n Nemean lion, and killed the Hydra. For 10 points, name this Greek hero who completed twelve labors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 160 ], [ 161, 232 ], [ 233, 346 ], [ 347, 448 ], [ 449, 555 ], [ 556, 620 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Who\u2019s Afraid} of {Virginia Woolf?}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one speech from this a play a character says he will battle another man \"with one hand on his\n scrotum\" after accusing him of planning to use genetic engineering to make ugly people sterile.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Who's_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf?", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b698", "qanta_id": 18758, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one speech from this a play a character says he will battle another man \"with one hand on his\n scrotum\" after accusing him of planning to use genetic engineering to make ugly people sterile. In the third\n act a man enters with a bouquet of snapdragons throwing them as spears at another character he calls\n \"houseboy.\" This play ends with a woman saying \"I am\" in response to the wittiest thing said at the party\n that evening. A game called \"Get the Guest\" reveals one woman had a hysterical pregnancy in its second\n act titled \"Walpurgisnacht.\" A story about a man who dies in a car crash by swerving to avoid a porcupine\n leads to the revelation that the central couple's son is imaginary. Nick and Honey are invited over for\n drinks by George and Martha, for 10 points, in this play by Edward Albee.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 320 ], [ 320, 430 ], [ 431, 549 ], [ 550, 695 ], [ 696, 806 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Emile Francois {Zola}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel in which the teetotaler Coupeau falls from a hospital roof into a play titled \nDrink.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Zola", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b6c4", "qanta_id": 18802, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a novel in which the teetotaler Coupeau falls from a hospital roof into a play titled \nDrink. He wrote about the maiden Angelique who waits many years to marry a knight only to die the first\n time they kiss in the novel The Dream . The title character of another of his novels is first encountered at a\n performance of The Blonde Venus and ruins her lovers Philippe Hugon and the journalist Fauchery. This\n author wrote a novel in which the rich Gregoires only gives warm clothes and not food to the impoverished\n family of Maheude. Later in that novel, Etienne organizes a strike at the Montsou coal mines. This author\n included Nana in his twenty-novel cycle, Les Rougon-Macquart. For 10 points, name this French novelist\n who wrote Germinal and \"J'Accuse\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 250 ], [ 251, 419 ], [ 420, 551 ], [ 552, 626 ], [ 627, 701 ], [ 702, 778 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of {India} [or {Bharat}]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In 2003, this country saw the debut of the Blank Noise Project, a women's movement designed to\n counteract the widespread sexual harassment known as \"eve-teasing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "India", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b6c7", "qanta_id": 18805, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 2003, this country saw the debut of the Blank Noise Project, a women's movement designed to\n counteract the widespread sexual harassment known as \"eve-teasing.\" It is engaged in a longtime dispute\n over the Aksai Chin region with the country on its northeast border, which is separated by the Line of\n Actual Control. In this country's northwest, the border runs through the Thar Desert and the Rann of\n Kutch, which cover territory in the states of Haryana and Rajasthan. For 10 points, name this larger of the\n two countries which were partitioned in 1947, the southern neighbor of Pakistan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 162, 320 ], [ 321, 475 ], [ 476, 596 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Rite} Of {Spring} [or Le {Sacre du printemps}; or {Vesna svyashchennaya}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The scenario for this musical work was first conceived by Nicholas Roerich (ROAR-ik), who designed its costumes and sets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Rite_of_Spring", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b6ce", "qanta_id": 18812, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The scenario for this musical work was first conceived by Nicholas Roerich (ROAR-ik), who designed its costumes and sets. Excerpts from it accompany an animation of the prehistoric earth and dinosaurs in Walt Disney's Fantasia. Subtitled \"Pictures from Pagan Russia,\" this Sergei Diaghilev (dee-AH-gil-ev) production begins with a high bassoon solo. Its choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky ends with a young girl dancing (*) herself to death in a sacrificial ritual. For 10 points, name this ballet that caused a riot at its 1913 Paris premiere by Igor Stravinsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 227 ], [ 228, 349 ], [ 350, 462 ], [ 463, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Rite} Of {Spring} [or Le {Sacre du printemps}; or {Vesna svyashchennaya}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The scenario for this musical work was first conceived by Nicholas Roerich (ROAR-ik), who also designed its costumes and sets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Rite_of_Spring", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b6cf", "qanta_id": 18813, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The scenario for this musical work was first conceived by Nicholas Roerich (ROAR-ik), who also designed its costumes and sets. Excerpts from it accompanied an animation of the prehistoric earth and dinosaurs in Walt Disney's Fantasia. Subtitled \"Pictures from Pagan Russia,\" this Sergei Diaghilev (dee-AH-gil-ev) production begins with a high bassoon solo. Its choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky ends with a young girl dancing herself to death in a sacrificial ritual. For 10 points, name this ballet which caused a riot at its 1913 Parisian premiere and was written by Igor Stravinsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 234 ], [ 235, 356 ], [ 357, 465 ], [ 466, 583 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Friedrich August von {Hayek}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This economist was also interested in neurology, and published a brain science book titled The Sensory\n Order.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Hayek", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b6dc", "qanta_id": 18826, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This economist was also interested in neurology, and published a brain science book titled The Sensory\n Order. This economist's early work focused on how information was conveyed to consumers by the cost of\n goods, the price signaling mechanism, which this economist argued created a \"spontaneous order.\" Late in\n his career, this economist argued that banks should be able to issue their own money, which he said would\n create a competition to create the best currency. This man's political views can be found in the book The\n Constitution of Liberty. His most famous book includes chapters like \"why the worst rise to the top.\" For\n 10 points, name this Austrian economist who critiqued government central planning in The Road to\n Serfdom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 303 ], [ 303, 304 ], [ 305, 470 ], [ 471, 552 ], [ 553, 629 ], [ 630, 741 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Thebes", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A general from this city named Pagondas led the victorious forces over Athens at the battle of Delium.\n ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thebes,_Greece", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b6e2", "qanta_id": 18832, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A general from this city named Pagondas led the victorious forces over Athens at the battle of Delium.\n This city allied with Sparta during the Peloponnesian War, partly because of the support Athens gave its\n regional rival Plataea. It later turned on Sparta, killing Lysander at the Battle of Haliartus. This city's\n victory over Sparta at Mantinea proved costly, as it lost Epaminondas, who had raised this city to new\n heights by winning at Leuctra and leading the Sacred Band. For 10 points, name this Boeotian city which\n was conquered by Philip of Macedon at Chaeronea and which was the mythological city founded by\n Cadmus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 104, 233 ], [ 234, 305 ], [ 306, 481 ], [ 482, 631 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Golden Bough}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A chapter of this work claims that the main way invisible evil is expulsed from society is through the\n sacrificing of public scapegoats.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Golden_Bough", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b6eb", "qanta_id": 18841, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A chapter of this work claims that the main way invisible evil is expulsed from society is through the\n sacrificing of public scapegoats. Another chapter uses the \"Law of Contagion\" in order to describe the\n imitations societies use in practicing a \"sympathetic\" form of a key concept. In another section of this work,\n the author claims that pots filled with clumps of earth and vegetables is evidence that Adonis is a god of\n vegetation. It also discusses sympathetic magic and its relation with fertility cults and the king of the grove.\n For 10 points, identify this \"study in magic and religion\" by James George Frazer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 285 ], [ 286, 439 ], [ 440, 542 ], [ 542, 624 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Honor\u00e9 de {Balzac}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author Johann Fischer commits suicide after being caught in a scandal trying to\n steal money from the Algiers government.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Honor\u00e9_de_Balzac", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b6fe", "qanta_id": 18860, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this author Johann Fischer commits suicide after being caught in a scandal trying to\n steal money from the Algiers government. That novel's title character decides to scheme against her own\n family members Adeline Hulot and Baron Hulot because her feelings for the Polish sculptor Count\n Steinbock are unrequited. This author wrote another novel about a woman who is forced by her miserly\n father to marry Monsieur Cruchot despite her feelings for her cousin Charles Grandet. He also wrote a book\n in which Eugene Rastignac watches the title character sacrificing himself for his ungrateful daughters. For\n 10 points, name this author who collected Cousin Bette, Eugenie Grandet, and Pere Goriot in his series The\n Human Comedy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 329 ], [ 330, 491 ], [ 492, 617 ], [ 618, 744 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Allen {Ginsberg}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote \"I don't feel good don't bother me\" in a poem that claims, \"I've given you all and now\n I'm nothing.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Allen_Ginsberg", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b712", "qanta_id": 18880, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote \"I don't feel good don't bother me\" in a poem that claims, \"I've given you all and now\n I'm nothing.\" He wrote the lines, \"It's not a God that bore us that forbid our Being\" in another poem, and\n claimed \"we're not our skin of grime\" in a poem that begins, \"I walked on the banks of the tincan banana\n dock.\" He also wrote a poem that contains the lines, \"No flower like that flower, which knew itself in the\n garden, and fought the knife\". This author of \"Wichita Vortex Sutra\" and \"Sunflower Sutra\" wrote the lines,\n \"Strange now to think of you, gone without corsets and eyes\" in his \"Kaddish.\" For 10 points, name this\n poet who wrote, \"I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness\" in his poem \"Howl.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 326 ], [ 327, 458 ], [ 459, 615 ], [ 616, 738 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Mexico} [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A massacre by this nation's army of students was recorded in a 1971 work by Elena Poniatowska.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b73c", "qanta_id": 18922, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A massacre by this nation's army of students was recorded in a 1971 work by Elena Poniatowska. This\n nation had a severe 1994 economic crisis known as the \"December mistake.\" One person from this country\n wrote the children's book The Story of Colors and is the leader of a movement called \"The Other\n Campaign.\" That figure always wears a ski mask, holds the title \"Sub commander,\" and was inspired by a\n 1968 massacre in his country shortly before the Summer Olympics. This country was led by Ernesto\n Zedillo and Carlos Salinas, both members of a party in power nearly 70 years. For 10 points, name this\n country that saw the dominance of the PRI end in 2000 with the election of Vicente Fox.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 173 ], [ 173, 312 ], [ 313, 470 ], [ 471, 581 ], [ 582, 695 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's suite of music written to honor an Austrian composer was adapted into the ballet \nMozartiana by George Balanchine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476992dea23cca90550b740", "qanta_id": 18926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's suite of music written to honor an Austrian composer was adapted into the ballet \nMozartiana by George Balanchine. This composer is said to have been annoyed when Alexander III called\n one of his ballets \"very nice.\" That ballet contains the \"Garland Waltz\" and the \"Procession of the Fairy\n Tales,\" and features leitmotifs representing Carabosse and the Lilac Fairy. In addition to The Sleeping\n Beauty, he composed a ballet in which Odette is transformed into a bird by the curse of Rothbart, as well as\n one which includes the \"Dance of the Mirlitons\" and the \"Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy.\" For 10 points,\n name this composer of the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 227 ], [ 228, 378 ], [ 379, 606 ], [ 607, 686 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, the kindly English lord Edward Bomston offers to protect Julie d'Etange,\n who is forced to marry de Wolmar despite her love for her Swiss tutor Saint-Preux.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b76d", "qanta_id": 18971, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, the kindly English lord Edward Bomston offers to protect Julie d'Etange,\n who is forced to marry de Wolmar despite her love for her Swiss tutor Saint-Preux. In another work, a\n character named for this author uses the idea of a woman named \"Sophie\" to talk to his pupil about\n marriage. This author of The New Heloise remembered urinating in a neighbor's cooking pot in an\n autobiographical work which also revealed that he had fathered five illegitimate children with Therese\n Levasseur. For 10 points, name this French author of Emile and Confessions, whose more political works\n included The Social Contract.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 314 ], [ 315, 516 ], [ 517, 639 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "titration", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one isothermal version of this technique for protein ligand studies in a calorimeter, a binding\n polynomial is used to analyze the data.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Titration", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b78c", "qanta_id": 19002, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one isothermal version of this technique for protein ligand studies in a calorimeter, a binding\n polynomial is used to analyze the data. Before fluorescence-activated cell sorting, a version of this\n technique using serial dilution is performed using the antibody of interest. This technique produces a curve\n with inflection points for each dissociation equilibrium, which is why polyprotic samples have multiple\n bumps on said curve. Samples are placed in burets for this procedure, and an indicator like phenolphthalein\n is used to determine when the equivalence point has been reached. For 10 points, name this chemical\n procedure which is used to find the concentration of an acid or base in a sample.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 279 ], [ 280, 438 ], [ 439, 592 ], [ 593, 709 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Rembrandt} Harmenszoon van Rijn", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist painted two round impressions in the wall behind him in Self Portrait with Two Circles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rembrandt", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b791", "qanta_id": 19007, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted two round impressions in the wall behind him in Self Portrait with Two Circles. He\n painted Jesus, the twelve disciples, and one other man having their small boat rocked by a large wave in his\n The Storm on the Sea of Galilee. He painted a philosopher with his hand resting on a statue in Aristotle\n Contemplating the Bust of Homer. The title character of another of his paintings holds up the skinless arm\n of a corpse. This artist painted a drummer and a girl holding a chicken in his depiction of Frans Banning\n Cocq's militia. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter of The Anatomy Lesson and Night Watch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 246 ], [ 247, 352 ], [ 353, 440 ], [ 441, 550 ], [ 551, 628 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jean-Paul {Sartre}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a play in which Fred tells the protagonist \"there is no truth; there's only whites and\n blacks\" after killing a black man on a train.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Paul_Sartre", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b7b8", "qanta_id": 19046, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a play in which Fred tells the protagonist \"there is no truth; there's only whites and\n blacks\" after killing a black man on a train. That play opens with the title character, Lizzie, being asked to\n tell the truth. In another play Olga Lorame encourages Hugo Barine to assassinate a communist leader\n named Hoederer. This author of The Respectful Prostitute and Dirty Hands wrote a play in which one\n character admits he ran a pacifist newspaper during World War II and another admits that she drowned her\n illegitimate baby in a lake. For 10 points, name this French author who wrote about Inez, Estelle and\n Garcin and included the line \"Hell is other people\" in his play No Exit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 233 ], [ 234, 335 ], [ 336, 554 ], [ 555, 701 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pierre-Auguste {Renoir}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Though he is not Fragonard, this artist painted a woman in a blue and white dress timidly stepping on the\n title object in his painting The Swing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pierre-Auguste_Renoir", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b7d6", "qanta_id": 19076, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Though he is not Fragonard, this artist painted a woman in a blue and white dress timidly stepping on the\n title object in his painting The Swing. He painted a woman in a striped dress in front of a man peering\n through opera glasses in his painting of a theater box. This artist painted a red background behind a pair of\n sisters dressed in the title colors in his Pink and Blue. One painting by this artist shows a woman in a blue\n and yellow striped dress being leaned over by another woman at a party, and in another painting this artist\n shows a female figure attempting to kiss a small dog as three different people wear yellow straw hats. For\n 10 points, name this artist of Dance at the Moulin de la Galette and Luncheon of the Boating Party.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 267 ], [ 268, 380 ], [ 381, 645 ], [ 646, 750 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of {South Africa}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this country was assassinated by Dimitri Tsafendas, and it passed the Population Registration Act in 1950.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "South_Africa", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b7eb", "qanta_id": 19097, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ruler of this country was assassinated by Dimitri Tsafendas, and it passed the Population Registration Act in 1950. This country was offered nuclear weapons by Israel according to a 2010 book by Sasha Polakow-Suransky. Torch Commando was a group that protested disenfranchisement in this country in the 1950s, while (*) Umkhonto we Sizwe, responsible for the Church Street bombing, was a more militant group once partly based at Rivonia Farm in this country. Prime ministers of this country included Henrik Verwoerd and John Vorster, who dealt with the Sharpeville Massacre and Soweto Uprising, respectively. F.W. de Klerk eventually ruled, for 10 points, what country home to the African National Congress and apartheid?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 222 ], [ 223, 321 ], [ 321, 323 ], [ 324, 462 ], [ 463, 612 ], [ 613, 725 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{triangles} [accept {three}-{sided polygon} or other equivalent complete definitions before mention]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Two of these polygons are the subjects of Pedoe's inequality, for which equality obtains only when the two polygons are similar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Triangle", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b7f2", "qanta_id": 19104, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two of these polygons are the subjects of Pedoe's inequality, for which equality obtains only when the two polygons are similar. The unique ellipse that can be inscribed in one of these polygons is named for Jakob Steiner. Their side lengths are related to the length of another line segment by (*) Stewart's theorem, while a theorem giving a concurrency condition for certain lines in this shape is named for Giovanni Ceva. The area of this polygon is given by Hero's formula, and the laws of sines and cosines describe this kind of shape. For 10 points, name this polygon whose interior angles sum to one hundred eighty degrees and that has three sides.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 222 ], [ 223, 424 ], [ 425, 540 ], [ 541, 655 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Apollo}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Marpessa chose the mortal Idas over this god, who avenged the death of his child by Coronis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apollo", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b7f7", "qanta_id": 19109, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Marpessa chose the mortal Idas over this god, who avenged the death of his child by Coronis. He was forced to serve King Admetus as a slave for killing three Cyclopes. Another of this god's lovers was killed by the jealous Zephyr with a stray discus. This god flayed the satyr (*) Marsyas after a music contest, cursed Cassandra to never be believed, and killed the Python to claim Delphi. This god fiercely defended the honor of his mother Leto with help from his twin sister Artemis. For 10 points, name this Greco-Roman god of prophecy, music, and light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 167 ], [ 168, 250 ], [ 251, 389 ], [ 390, 485 ], [ 486, 557 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{surface tension}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The equation that balances a pressure difference against this force times twice the mean curvature is given by Young and Laplace.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Surface_tension", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b800", "qanta_id": 19118, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The equation that balances a pressure difference against this force times twice the mean curvature is given by Young and Laplace. Mass transport due to differentials in this force is named for Marangoni. Molecules with nonpolar and polar ends, which often may be used as (*) detergents or emulsifiers, act to decrease it; they are called surfactants. This force, which causes capillary action, arises in its namesake location because cohesive forces are exerted from only one direction, unlike in the bulk fluid. For 10 points, name this force present at the surface of a liquid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 203 ], [ 204, 350 ], [ 351, 512 ], [ 513, 579 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this man criticized the progress resulting from art and science as empowering governments and undermining friendship in Discourse on the Arts and Sciences.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b80f", "qanta_id": 19133, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this man criticized the progress resulting from art and science as empowering governments and undermining friendship in Discourse on the Arts and Sciences. One work by this author advocates that only at adolescence can children understand complex emotions like (*) sympathy. Another of his works advocates small communities that allow for the conscience of their inhabitants to develop into an incontrovertible \"general will.\" For 10 points, name this author of Emile who declared that man is \"born free, and everywhere he is in chains\" in a book suggesting the title arrangement between the people and the Sovereign, The Social Contract.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 287 ], [ 288, 439 ], [ 440, 651 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian {Bach}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer sandwiched an arioso Andante in D minor between two F major movements in his Italian Concerto for harpsichord.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b830", "qanta_id": 19166, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer sandwiched an arioso Andante in D minor between two F major movements in his Italian Concerto for harpsichord. A chaconne in D minor is often excerpted from his Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin. One work attributed to him assembles a diminished seventh chord note by note. This composer used a tune composed by Frederick II for his (*) A Musical Offering. He brought the harpsichord out of the continuo to a solo in the fifth of a set of six works, other parts of which have solo violas da gamba. His works include a set of variations on an aria for Count Kaiserling and a gigantic Mass in B minor. For 10 points, name this composer of Toccata and Fugue in D minor, the Goldberg Variations, and the Brandenburg Concertos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 212 ], [ 213, 290 ], [ 291, 373 ], [ 374, 514 ], [ 515, 616 ], [ 617, 739 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Mann}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's novels, the protagonist learns of the existence of \"good\" and \"bad\" Russian tables.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Mann", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b839", "qanta_id": 19175, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's novels, the protagonist learns of the existence of \"good\" and \"bad\" Russian tables. In a novella by this man, the narrator encounters three villainous red-haired men, including a guitar player and a dandy wearing too much make-up. Another novel by this man describes the composition of Apocalypsis cum figuris; in that work, narrated by Serenus Zeitblom, Adrian completes his (*) masterwork before dying of syphilis. This author also wrote a novel in which a young student goes to Berghof and meets Naptha and Settembrini as they recover from lung problems. For 10 points, name this author of Doctor Faustus and The Magic Mountain who described Gustav von Aschenbach's fondness for Tadzio in Death in Venice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 251 ], [ 252, 437 ], [ 438, 578 ], [ 579, 729 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Joseph {Conrad} [or {Jozef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man arranged for John Galsworthy to \"correct\" the manuscript of a work this author dedicated to him; that work takes place in the fictional town of Sulaco.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Conrad", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b83c", "qanta_id": 19178, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man arranged for John Galsworthy to \"correct\" the manuscript of a work this author dedicated to him; that work takes place in the fictional town of Sulaco. He fictionalized his trip to rescue Georges Klein as a novella grouped with \"The End of the Tether\" and \"Youth\" when first published. In another of this man's works, the idiot Stevie trips, accidentally blowing himself up with a bomb given to him by (*) Verloc. Chinua Achebe called him a \"bloody racist\" for a work whose frame story takes place on the Nellie and whose villain is the cruel ivory trader Kurtz. For 10 points, name this author of Nostromo, The Secret Agent, and Heart of Darkness.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 294 ], [ 295, 422 ], [ 423, 571 ], [ 572, 657 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Charles Edward {Ives}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer included a poem apostrophizing a \"contented river\" in the score of one work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Ives", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b845", "qanta_id": 19187, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer included a poem apostrophizing a \"contented river\" in the score of one work. One of his works features seven exchanges between increasingly atonal flutes and a solo trumpet. Another has a first movement based on a theme found in \"Old Black Joe\" and \"Jesus Loves Me.\" He ended his second symphony with a dissonant (*) \"Bronx cheer.\" This composer had the woodwinds seek \"The Invisible Answer\" in the aforementioned The Unanswered Question. His second piano sonata has sections named for The Alcotts and Emerson and is called the Concord Sonata. Putnam's Camp and The Housatonic at Stockbridge are movements of another of his works. For 10 points, name this American composer of Three Places in New England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 187 ], [ 188, 280 ], [ 281, 344 ], [ 344, 452 ], [ 453, 557 ], [ 558, 644 ], [ 645, 719 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Islamic Republic of {Pakistan}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first military ruler of this country introduced \"Basic Democracy,\" an indirect electoral structure that ensured his victory in the 1965 elections over the sister of this country's founder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pakistan", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b84b", "qanta_id": 19193, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first military ruler of this country introduced \"Basic Democracy,\" an indirect electoral structure that ensured his victory in the 1965 elections over the sister of this country's founder. This country launched Operation Searchlight after its 1970 election resulted in a plurality for a regional party. Ordinance XX (\"20\") forbade Ahmadis in this country from calling themselves Muslims and was promulgated by (*) Muhammad Zia ul-Haq, who Islamized this country's government. A man ousted in a 1999 coup in this country later formed a coalition between the PPP and his eponymous Muslim League-N. Besides Nawz Sharif, this country has also been led by Mohammad Ali Jinnah. For 10 points, name this Asian country in which Asif Zardari became president after the assassination of his wife, Benazir Bhutto.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 306 ], [ 307, 479 ], [ 480, 675 ], [ 676, 806 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "sulfur", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Proteins that are named for clusters incorporating this element and iron include Rieske proteins and aconitase.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfur", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b850", "qanta_id": 19198, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Proteins that are named for clusters incorporating this element and iron include Rieske proteins and aconitase. Reaction with a molecule with two atoms of this element, followed by a base, is one common method of umpolung with carbonyls. This element's most common allotrope is an (*) eight-atom ring. The fuming form of one oxoacid of this element is an equilibrium between its trioxide and its diprotonated tetraoxide. A lead salt of this element is galena, and an iron salt of this element is the mineral pyrite. An atom of this element, found in the amino acid cysteine, replaces oxygen in a thiol. For 10 points, name this element with atomic number sixteen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 237 ], [ 238, 301 ], [ 302, 420 ], [ 421, 515 ], [ 516, 602 ], [ 603, 663 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Spain}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One king of this country was never able to put his Bayonne Statute into full effect, although four years later this country passed a then-groundbreaking constitution that enfranchised all non-Africans.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b860", "qanta_id": 19214, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One king of this country was never able to put his Bayonne Statute into full effect, although four years later this country passed a then-groundbreaking constitution that enfranchised all non-Africans. That king's predecessor was served by the so-called Prince of the Peace before fleeing the country. A rebel force in this country won a pivotal victory over General Pierre Dupont at the Battle of Bailen, although it wouldn't be until (*) Jean-Baptiste Jourdan's troops were defeated at Vitoria that this country would finally threw off foreign yoke. It's not in Italy, but this kingdom was once ruled by Joseph Bonaparte, and it was the site of the Second of May, 1808 Uprising. For 10 points, name this European country occupied by France during the Peninsular War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 201 ], [ 202, 301 ], [ 302, 439 ], [ 440, 551 ], [ 552, 680 ], [ 681, 768 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Zoroastrianism} [or {Mazdaism}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One end-times scenario of this faith involves a river of metal created by melting all the minerals of the earth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b863", "qanta_id": 19217, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One end-times scenario of this faith involves a river of metal created by melting all the minerals of the earth. The first ruler to adopt it as an official faith was King Vishtaspa, and one of its rituals involves a drink made from water, pomegranate leaves, and the haoma plant. It lumps together all evil actions as falsehoods, or druj, and, like in Judaism, each of its temples houses a sacred fire. Its (*) Vendidad text describes the evil daevas and discourages burial in favor of leaving bodies on vulture-inhabited Towers of Silence, and its founder allegedly wrote the Gathas as part of its holy scripture, the Zend Avesta. For 10 points, name this religion that believes in the evil Ahriman's fight with the good god Ahura Mazda and is named for its Persian prophet founder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 279 ], [ 280, 402 ], [ 403, 631 ], [ 632, 783 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "al-{Qur\u2019an} [or {Koran;} accept answers containing adjectives such as \u201cHoly\u201d or \u201cBlessed\u201d]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One part of this text describes snorting war horses that charge early in the morning and goes on to describethe ungrateful nature of man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quran", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b877", "qanta_id": 19237, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One part of this text describes snorting war horses that charge early in the morning and goes on to describethe ungrateful nature of man. The title figure of one section is told to shake a palm tree to drop fresh dates during the birth of Jesus, while another section features the \"Throne Verse\" and the striking of a murderer after the sacrifice of a yellow heifer. Those sections, called \"Mary\" and \"The (*) Cow,\" are found, after an opening asking for direction \"along the straight path,\" among readings arranged by order of length that are subdivided into ayat. Its 114 readings, of which all but the ninth begin with the word \"Bismillah,\" are called suras. For 10 points, name this holiest book of Islam.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 366 ], [ 367, 565 ], [ 566, 661 ], [ 662, 709 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Indonesia}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's war for independence was halted by the Linggadjati Agreement, which was not implemented.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b878", "qanta_id": 19238, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's war for independence was halted by the Linggadjati Agreement, which was not implemented. Dissatisfaction over the later Renville Agreement led to the Madiun Affair, an attempted communist takeover in 1948. A coup in this country was prompted by the 1966 Supersemar order. A leader of the Golkar party in this country promulgated the New Order, while its first leader withdrew from the UN in 1968 and practiced (*) \"guided democracy\". It fought a war against the British, who wanted to unify Sabah and Sarawak, and its second leader suppressed an independence movement in Aceh and invaded Portuguese Timor in 1975. For 10 points, name this country containing the largest Muslim population in the world, once ruled by Sukarno and Suharto.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 220 ], [ 221, 286 ], [ 287, 448 ], [ 449, 628 ], [ 629, 751 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Samuel Taylor {Coleridge}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author's great grandniece wrote a historical novel about Gustav III called The King with Two Faces as well as the poems \"The White Women\" and \"The Other Side of a Mirror.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b898", "qanta_id": 19270, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author's great grandniece wrote a historical novel about Gustav III called The King with Two Faces as well as the poems \"The White Women\" and \"The Other Side of a Mirror.\" This author wrote a poem celebrating \"the one Life within us and abroad, which meets all motion and becomes its soul,\" which is addressed to \"My pensive Sara!\" This poet's eight \"Conversation poems\" include a poem whose speaker feels \"A grief without a pang, void, dark, and drear,\" as well as \"The Aeolian Harp.\" Another of this author's poems declares \"He prayeth best who loveth best, all things both great and small\" and is narrated by a Wedding Guest who \"stoppeth one of three.\" For 10 points, name this Romantic poet of \"Dejection: An Ode,\" who wrote about a sailor who shoots an albatross with a crossbow in \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 175, 336 ], [ 337, 490 ], [ 491, 661 ], [ 662, 715 ], [ 716, 827 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Leonhard {Euler}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One object named for this man is a cuboid whose sides and face diagonals have integral lengths, his namesake bricks.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b8c8", "qanta_id": 19318, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One object named for this man is a cuboid whose sides and face diagonals have integral lengths, his namesake bricks. A function named for this man is the number of integers less than n relatively prime to n, his totient function. The quantity chi, this man's namesake (*) \"characteristic,\" is equal to vertices plus faces minus edges for polyhedra. This mathematician ushered in graph theory in proving that a certain traversal was impossible because it had none of his namesake cycles. His identity states that a certain number to the power of i times pi equals negative 1. For 10 points, name this Swiss mathematician who solved the Seven Bridges of K\u00f6nigsberg problem, the namesake of a constant with Mascheroni who did work with the number e.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 229 ], [ 230, 348 ], [ 349, 486 ], [ 487, 574 ], [ 575, 746 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Mexico} [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One artist from this country showed a woman falling out of a building and then lying dead on the ground in The Suicide of Dorothy Hale.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b8d2", "qanta_id": 19328, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One artist from this country showed a woman falling out of a building and then lying dead on the ground in The Suicide of Dorothy Hale. A hero of this nation was depicted with his left fist raised and carrying sticks of fire in his right hand above orange flags. The artist of that work made a cycle that includes skeletons wearing gowns in one panel, Gods of the Modern World. One of its artists depicted (*) Lenin in a work that shows a hand clutching a control panel in front of a man with colorful wings. That man's wife painted a self-portrait with a thorn necklace and hummingbird. That large work was Man at the Crossroads. For 10 points, name this country whose painters included Jos\u00e9 Orozco, Diego Rivera, and Frida Kahlo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 262 ], [ 263, 377 ], [ 378, 508 ], [ 509, 587 ], [ 588, 630 ], [ 631, 731 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Derek {Walcott}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this poet writes \"On a hack's hired prose, I earn/my exile\" and tells himself, \"To change your language you must change your life.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Derek_Walcott", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b8da", "qanta_id": 19336, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this poet writes \"On a hack's hired prose, I earn/my exile\" and tells himself, \"To change your language you must change your life.\" In another, this poet of \"Codicil\" calls the central event \"a waste of our compassion, as with Spain\" and asks \"How choose between\" the title region \"and this (*) English tongue I love...How can I turn from\" the title region \"and live?\" This poet of \"A Far Cry from Africa\" wrote an epic in which Achille and Hector compete over Helen. For 10 points, name this poet of Omeros, a Caribbean Nobel laureate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 332 ], [ 332, 381 ], [ 382, 480 ], [ 481, 549 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Fibonacci} sequence/numbers/series [prompt on {Lucas sequence} before it is mentioned; prompt on {pine cone} sequence/numbers/series; do not prompt on \u201c{Lucas} numbers\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One theorem about these numbers states that every natural number can be represented uniquely as the sum of nonconsecutive ones of them; that statement is named for Zeckendorf.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fibonacci_number", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b8e1", "qanta_id": 19343, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One theorem about these numbers states that every natural number can be represented uniquely as the sum of nonconsecutive ones of them; that statement is named for Zeckendorf. This sequence appears on the outer edges of Hosoya's triangle, and its nth element gives the number of ways for dominoes to cover a two-by-(n minus one) checkerboard. This sequence is generated by a formula named for (*) Binet, as well as by the function x over the quantity one minus x minus x-squared. It is a specific type of Lucas sequence, and the ratio of consecutive elements of this sequence approaches the golden ratio. First proposed in Liber Abaci, for 10 points, name this recursively-defined sequence whose elements are the sum of the previous two elements, beginning 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 342 ], [ 343, 479 ], [ 480, 604 ], [ 605, 777 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{antibodies} [accept {immunoglobulins} or {Ig} before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One important structure in these objects is a \"sandwich\" held together by cysteine bonds between two beta sheets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antibody", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b8ed", "qanta_id": 19355, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One important structure in these objects is a \"sandwich\" held together by cysteine bonds between two beta sheets. They are diversified through VDJ recombination and contain three key amino acid sequences called CDRs. These structures have Fv and Fc regions, and interconversion among the types of these produced by a cell is called (*) class switching. Only one type of these proteins can cross the placenta from mother to fetus, the G type, and the E type triggers mast cells' release of histamines. They are composed of two heavy and two light chains, and their variable regions participate in antigen binding. For 10 points, name these proteins also known as immunoglobulins.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 216 ], [ 217, 352 ], [ 353, 500 ], [ 501, 612 ], [ 613, 678 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ruth Benedict", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Along with Gene Weltfish, this anthropologist wrote a pamphlet which refuted biometric head measuring as a means of determining intelligence, insisting that every race had equal potential for intelligence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ruth_Benedict", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b919", "qanta_id": 19399, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Along with Gene Weltfish, this anthropologist wrote a pamphlet which refuted biometric head measuring as a means of determining intelligence, insisting that every race had equal potential for intelligence. In one of this anthropologist's best known works, this student of Franz Boas and author of \"The Races of Mankind\" studied newspaper clippings and classic novels and compared (*) \"guilt\" and \"shame\" cultures, writing about rituals like seppuku, while she also wrote a book which defined its title concept as the shared beliefs and experiences of a people. For 10 points, name this author of The Chrysanthemum and the Sword and Patterns of Culture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 206, 560 ], [ 561, 652 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "D. H. {Lawrence}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, Thomas Jordan fires Baxter from his factory for throwing him down a flight of stairs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "D._H._Lawrence", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b93e", "qanta_id": 19436, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, Thomas Jordan fires Baxter from his factory for throwing him down a flight of stairs. One of this author's characters abandons his wife Lottie and accompanies Rawdon Lilly to play the flute in Italy. In another of this author's novels, Gerald's relationship with Gudrun deteriorates due to his love for his friend, Birkin. This author of (*) Aaron's Rod and Women in Love wrote a novel in which Clara Dawes and Miriam Leivers fall in love with the protagonist, who cannot reciprocate due to his love for his mother Gertrude. For 10 points, name this British author, who created Paul Morel in Sons and Lovers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 230 ], [ 231, 353 ], [ 354, 555 ], [ 556, 639 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Venice} [or {Venezia}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One artist from this city depicted a reclining goddess with her hand to her breast as her son holds a wreath and urinates in his Venus and Cupid.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venice", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b94d", "qanta_id": 19451, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One artist from this city depicted a reclining goddess with her hand to her breast as her son holds a wreath and urinates in his Venus and Cupid. Another painted many figures in white robes as part of a procession in a square in this city. Painters from this city include Lorenzo Lotto and Francesco Guardi. The aforementioned square is next to a church whose statues include four Byzantine horses and some porphyry Tetrarchs. One family from this city included Giovanni, (*) Jacopo, and Gentile, who painted its Piazza San Marco. One artist from this city showed boats on a body of water flanked on both sides by houses in his View of the Grand Canal from Palazzo Balbi to the Rialto. For 10 points, name this Italian home of the Bellinis, the subject of many paintings by Canaletto.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 239 ], [ 240, 307 ], [ 308, 426 ], [ 427, 530 ], [ 531, 685 ], [ 686, 784 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Decameron} [or {Il Decamerone}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One story in this work tells of a girl who plants her lover's head in a pot of basil after her three brothers kill him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Decameron", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b98a", "qanta_id": 19512, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One story in this work tells of a girl who plants her lover's head in a pot of basil after her three brothers kill him. This work inspired a similar French one by Marguerite de Navarre. In the first story from this work, a wicked notary pretends to be a virgin while giving his last confession to a friar and is revered as a saint after dying. In the final story of this work, a young nobleman pretends to kill both of his children and take a new bride in order to (*) test his wife, the patient Griselda. In this work's frame tale, a group of youths, including the author's muse Fiammetta, take refuge from the bubonic plague for ten nights. For 10 points, name this collection of one hundred stories by Giovanni Boccaccio.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 185 ], [ 186, 343 ], [ 344, 505 ], [ 506, 642 ], [ 643, 724 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Albert Chinualumogu \u201cChinua\u201d {Achebe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, a five-day battle between rival clans ends when the guns of both communities are destroyed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chinua_Achebe", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b997", "qanta_id": 19525, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's novels, a five-day battle between rival clans ends when the guns of both communities are destroyed. In that novel, a convert to Christianity attempts to kill a sacred python. This author described the explosion of a man's gun, which kills his younger son not long after he loses his adopted son as punishment for domestic violence during the (*) Week of Peace. He wrote about Captain Winterbottom in one novel, about the scholarship provided the U.P.U. for Obi's study in England in another, and about the Umuofia clan in a third. For 10 points, identify this author of Arrow of God, No Longer and Ease, and its prequel about Okonkwo, Things Fall Apart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 198 ], [ 199, 384 ], [ 385, 554 ], [ 555, 677 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{neutrinos}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The reciprocal relationship between the eigenvalues of the mass matrix of these particles is called the \"seesaw mechanism\"; the larger eigenvalue may be the mass of their \"sterile\" variety.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutrino", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b9ba", "qanta_id": 19560, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The reciprocal relationship between the eigenvalues of the mass matrix of these particles is called the \"seesaw mechanism\"; the larger eigenvalue may be the mass of their \"sterile\" variety. One phenomenon predicted by Pontecorvo involving these entities was searched for by (*) MINOS. Reines and Cowan used an aqueous cadmium chloride solution to detect them, and other detectors tend to include large volumes of material, such as Super Kamiokande. For 10 points, name these leptons, the nearly massless products of radioactive decay whose varieties include the muon and tau and which are represented by the letter nu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 284 ], [ 285, 448 ], [ 449, 618 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Rite} of {Spring} [or Le {sacre du printemps}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One section of this work opens with a flute trill beneath a soft clarinet rhythm before heavy string beats intrude, later augmented by a tam-tam part.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Rite_of_Spring", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b9c4", "qanta_id": 19570, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One section of this work opens with a flute trill beneath a soft clarinet rhythm before heavy string beats intrude, later augmented by a tam-tam part. One section of this work has a large chord, combining an F-flat chord on the bottom and an E-flat seventh chord on top, pulse repeatedly with irregular accents. Its first part ends with a fanfare-laden (*) \"Dance of the Earth,\" while earlier sections include \"Game of Abduction\" and \"Games of Rival Tribes.\" This piece opens with a solo bassoon straining in its upper registers and ends with a sacrifice in which a young woman dances herself to death. Subtitled \"Pictures of Pagan Russia,\" for 10 points, name this ballet which caused riots at its 1913 premiere by Igor Stravinsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 311 ], [ 312, 457 ], [ 457, 602 ], [ 603, 732 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pablo Diego Jos\u00e9 Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Mar\u00eda de los Remedios Cipriano de la Sant\u00edsima Trinidad Ruiz y {Picasso}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one painting by this artist, the title figure is dressed all in blue and wears a wreath of roses, while wings of flowers are painted on the background behind him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Picasso", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b9c8", "qanta_id": 19574, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one painting by this artist, the title figure is dressed all in blue and wears a wreath of roses, while wings of flowers are painted on the background behind him. This painter of Boy with a Pipe used yellow shades crisscrossed with black lines in paintings like Accordionist. He painted a woman wearing a green hat and a multicolored polka-dotted dress with a snout-like nose and a cat sitting on her chair; that portrait depicted his lover (*) Dora Maar. He showed a man playing an instrument with folded legs and his head hunched below his shoulder in one work, while another shows five abstracted nude women and was influenced by African masks. For 10 points, name this painter of The Old Guitarist and The Demoiselles of Avignon, a proponent of Cubism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 278 ], [ 279, 458 ], [ 459, 650 ], [ 651, 759 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{All Quiet on the Western Front}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one scene from this novel, Lewandowski makes love to his wife on his hospital bed while his friends stand with their backs turned.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b9d1", "qanta_id": 19583, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one scene from this novel, Lewandowski makes love to his wife on his hospital bed while his friends stand with their backs turned. In this novel, a chronic bedwetter is given a hammock below another bedwetter to cure his habit. The protagonist of this novel swims naked across a canal with Lee and Kropp to rendezvous with three French women. That protagonist feels guilt over killing Gerard (*) Duval. Another character, Franz Kemmerich, has his leg amputated and gives his boots to M\u00fcller. Katczinsky is killed by a splinter while being carried by the narrator of this novel. For 10 points, name this novel about Paul B\u00e4umer's experience in World War I, written by Erich Maria Remarque.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 230 ], [ 231, 345 ], [ 346, 405 ], [ 406, 494 ], [ 495, 580 ], [ 581, 691 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Portugal} [or the {Portuguese Republic}; or {Republica Portuguesa}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A soldier from this country put the head of King Muqrin on his coat of arms after beheading Muqrin and claiming Bahrain for this nation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Portugal", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b9d7", "qanta_id": 19589, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A soldier from this country put the head of King Muqrin on his coat of arms after beheading Muqrin and claiming Bahrain for this nation. This country gained power over one territory by overthrowing the Jaffna Kingdom. Although this nation tried to assert its rights over the colonies delineated on the Pink Map, it yielded to the British Ultimatum. Following independence, another of its former colonies issued the (*) Golden Law of 1888 to abolish slavery. Its final colonies were largely eliminated following its Carnation Revolution, and this country gained claim to territories east of the Cape Verde Islands via the Treaty of Tordesillas. For 10 points, name this European country that established colonies in places like Brazil.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 217 ], [ 218, 348 ], [ 349, 457 ], [ 458, 643 ], [ 644, 734 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Alan {Turing}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The alternating form of a construct named for him has existential and universal states and is non-deterministic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alan_Turing", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550b9ec", "qanta_id": 19610, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The alternating form of a construct named for him has existential and universal states and is non-deterministic. With an American, he lends his name to a theorem expanded on by Stephen Kleene that concerns the universality of using simple mechanical methods to solve any \"effective\" problem. One construct proposed by this man comes cannot answer the (*) halting problem and consists of a head reading and writing symbols on a tape. The reverse form of a test named for this man can be demonstrated with CAPTCHAs, although the regular form of that test asks a human to decide if he's speaking to a machine or not. The co-namesake of a theorem with Alonzo Church is, for 10 points, which British computer scientist?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 291 ], [ 292, 432 ], [ 433, 613 ], [ 614, 714 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Mughal} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this empire, Furrukhsiyar, ruled with the help of the Syed Brothers until they deposed him and blinded him with needles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mughal_Empire", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba0f", "qanta_id": 19645, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ruler of this empire, Furrukhsiyar, ruled with the help of the Syed Brothers until they deposed him and blinded him with needles. Alamgir II was the ruler of this empire when its capital was sacked by the invading forces of Ahmad Shah Abdali. One ruler of this empire was tutored by Bairam Khan and was the focus of (*) Din-i Ilahi, a syncretic cult. That ruler's father lost his territories to Sher Shah and had to flee to Persia. This empire was established after the First Battle of Panipat, and one of its emperors was responsible for the construction of the Red Fort as well as a larger edifice at Agra. Babur founded and Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan, and Akbar the Great ruled, for 10 points, what Muslim dynasty of India?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 246 ], [ 247, 354 ], [ 355, 435 ], [ 436, 612 ], [ 613, 725 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Rene {Descartes}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher stated that the mind is a \"thinking thing\" separate from the brain, a concept expanded on in his work The Passions of the Soul.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba1a", "qanta_id": 19656, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher stated that the mind is a \"thinking thing\" separate from the brain, a concept expanded on in his work The Passions of the Soul. He popularized a style of thinking that eliminated all but basic, or foundational, beliefs, stating that humans could only believe that they were awake. This philosopher put forth a proof that God is real, which stated that if God were not real, he would not be able to think of God. That proof is found in this man's Meditations on First Philosophy. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote Discourse on Method, in which he stated \"cogito ergo sum,\" or \"I think, therefore I am.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 297 ], [ 298, 428 ], [ 429, 495 ], [ 496, 631 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "moon ", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A Talmudic tradition claims that the man who lives in this location is Jacob, while Dante alludes to that man as Cain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moon", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba1b", "qanta_id": 19657, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A Talmudic tradition claims that the man who lives in this location is Jacob, while Dante alludes to that man as Cain. Norse mythology interprets this object as a man in a carriage, continuously chased by the wolf Hati. Coyolxauhqui (\"co-yol-show-kee\") became the goddess of this object when she plotted to kill her mother and Chang'e (\"chong-uh\") fled here with her rabbit. Tsukuyomi is the embodiment of this object in Japanese mythology. For 10 points, name this astronomical object, associated with Selene in Greek mythology and Luna in Roman mythology.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 219 ], [ 220, 374 ], [ 375, 440 ], [ 441, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Leonhard {Euler}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man names a numerical method, improved upon by Runge and Kutta, used to solve ordinary differential equations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba1c", "qanta_id": 19658, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man names a numerical method, improved upon by Runge and Kutta, used to solve ordinary differential equations. The limiting difference between the harmonic series and the natural logarithm is named after this man and Mascheroni. A theorem named for him generalizes Fermat's little theorem and includes his namesake totient function. He names a type of circuit which he used to solve the Bridges of K\u00f6nigsberg problem, as well as an identity stating that \"e to the pi i equals -1.\" For 10 points, name this 18th-century Swiss mathematician, namesake of the constant e.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 233 ], [ 234, 337 ], [ 338, 485 ], [ 486, 572 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sigmund {Freud} or Sigismund Schlomo {Freud}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man introduced cocaine to Karl Koller as a cure for morphine addiction, and he first gained recognition for discovering the reproductive organs in eels.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sigmund_Freud", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba29", "qanta_id": 19671, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man introduced cocaine to Karl Koller as a cure for morphine addiction, and he first gained recognition for discovering the reproductive organs in eels. He wrote numerous letters to Wilhelm Fliess, and analyzed the Jewish religion in another work, Moses and Monotheism. He argued that structured society infringes upon individual desires in his Civilization and Its Discontents, and wrote a case study on Anna O., Studies on Hysteria. \u00a0He developed the ideas of the id, ego, and superego in Beyond the Pleasure Principle. For 10 points, name this Austrian psychoanalyst, the author of The Interpretation of Dreams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 274 ], [ 275, 441 ], [ 441, 526 ], [ 527, 619 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{mitochondria} or {mitochondrion}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A protein found in this organelle, UCP1, mediates heat generation in brown adipose tissue.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba2d", "qanta_id": 19675, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A protein found in this organelle, UCP1, mediates heat generation in brown adipose tissue. Tom40 protein channels exist on its membrane, and ubiquitin targets paternal genetic material in this organelle. Lynn Margulis proposed the endosymbiotic theory to explain why this organelle also possesses DNA, which is passed down maternally. In this organelle, oxalate is produced from pyruvic acid through the function of coenzyme A in the Krebs cycle. For 10 points, name this organelle, the site of the electron transport chain and anaerobic respiration, which produces ATP.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 203 ], [ 204, 334 ], [ 335, 446 ], [ 447, 570 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{diffusion} [do not accept \"effusion\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The denominator of the Thiele modulus is the rate of this process, whose anisotropic type is used to reduce image noise.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba31", "qanta_id": 19679, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The denominator of the Thiele modulus is the rate of this process, whose anisotropic type is used to reduce image noise. Explained by the Ehrenfest model, this process is used to enrich uranium and dope semiconductors. Its rate is inversely proportional to the square root of molar mass, and proportional to the gradient of the concentration field. Governed by Fick's laws and Graham's law, it causes water to move through semi-permeable membranes in osmosis. For 10 points, name this process by which particles move from regions of high concentration to those of low concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 218 ], [ 219, 348 ], [ 349, 459 ], [ 460, 582 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Robert (Alexander) {Schumann}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's Opus 50 was the cantata Paradise and the Peri.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Schumann", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba45", "qanta_id": 19699, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's Opus 50 was the cantata Paradise and the Peri. A work of his, subtitled \"Little Scenes on Four Notes,\" features a musical cryptogram beginning each section. This composer of Carnaval collaborated with his student, Albert Dietrich, and Johannes Brahms on a four-movement work for violin and piano, the F.A.E. Sonata. The eighth movement of his Kreisleriana was used for the fourth movement of his Opus 38 in B-flat, otherwise known as the \"Spring\" Symphony. The husband of Clara Wieck, for 10 points, name this German Romantic composer of Scenes from Childhood and the \"Rhenish\" symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 172 ], [ 173, 331 ], [ 332, 472 ], [ 473, 603 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Frank Owen {Gehry}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this man in Seattle was dedicated to Jimi Hendrix and looks like an exploded guitar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Gehry", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba54", "qanta_id": 19714, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man in Seattle was dedicated to Jimi Hendrix and looks like an exploded guitar. Another building by this architect is the Beekman Tower, under construction in New York City. This architect of the Experience Music Project in Seattle and the Dancing House in Prague created a building with curved metal sheets that focused light and blinded drivers, the Walt Disney Concert Hall. For 10 points, name this designer of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, known for his curved stainless steel construction.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 190 ], [ 191, 394 ], [ 395, 522 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Fathers} and {Sons}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel meets his love interest through the feminist Kukshina.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fathers_and_Sons_(novel)", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba74", "qanta_id": 19746, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel meets his love interest through the feminist Kukshina. That character's love interest kisses him on the head before he dies of typhus contracted during an autopsy. One character is invited to Kolyazin's ball and another meets Sitnikov, who arrives uninvited at Anna Odintsov's. In this novel, Pavel is shot in the leg in a duel while his father Nikolai marries Fenitchka, and his brother marries Katya Odintsov. Centering on Arkady Kirsanov and the nihilist Bazarov, for 10 points, name this novel by Ivan Turgenev.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 191 ], [ 192, 305 ], [ 306, 439 ], [ 440, 543 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Yasunari {Kawabata}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote a novella in which a man talks to and ultimately decides to keep an object he had borrowed, a woman's right arm.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba78", "qanta_id": 19750, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote a novella in which a man talks to and ultimately decides to keep an object he had borrowed, a woman's right arm. Many of his short stories are collected in Palm-of-the-Hand Stories. In one work by this man, a family patriarch, Shingo, hears noises that he takes as omens of death, including the title Sound of the Mountain. His most famous work centers on the ballet critic Shimamura, who takes a train to the title location, where he has an affair with Komako, a geisha. For 10 points, name this author of Snow Country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 196 ], [ 197, 338 ], [ 339, 486 ], [ 487, 535 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "distillation ", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A McCabe-Thiele diagram describes the application of this process to a binary feed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Distillation", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba82", "qanta_id": 19760, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A McCabe-Thiele diagram describes the application of this process to a binary feed. The Fenske equation gives the number of theoretical plates required for one form of this process, which may utilize a rotavap or a Dean-Stark apparatus. A Perkin triangle allows it to be performed under vacuum, and mixtures that do not obey Raoult's law require the azeotropic form of this technique. If the components' boiling points differ by less than 25 degrees, such as in crude oil mixtures, the fractional form of this technique is used. For 10 points, identify this technique used to separate liquid mixtures through boiling.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 236 ], [ 237, 384 ], [ 385, 528 ], [ 529, 617 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Mead}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A conversation between this person and James Baldwin on the title subject was transcribed in the book A Rap on Race.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba8a", "qanta_id": 19768, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A conversation between this person and James Baldwin on the title subject was transcribed in the book A Rap on Race. This writer's most influential work was challenged by Derek Freeman as \"an anthropological myth,\" claiming that this person had little familiarity with the namesake ethnic group's language, and that she had erroneously depicted their community on Tau Island as an ideal paradise. For 10 points, name this anthropologist and writer of Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies and Coming of Age in Samoa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 396 ], [ 397, 527 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Prague}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This city was formed around the Vysehrad Castle, and a rebellion started here following news of the death at Lake Constance of Jan Hus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prague", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba8f", "qanta_id": 19773, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This city was formed around the Vysehrad Castle, and a rebellion started here following news of the death at Lake Constance of Jan Hus. During that rebellion, this city's Vitkov Hill saw the defeat of Emperor Sigismund by peasant rebels led by Jan \u017di\u017eka. This city's nearby White Mountain saw a Hapsburg victory during the Thirty Years War, and it later experienced a period of relaxation under Soviet rule in its namesake spring of 1968. For 10 points, name this city on the Vltava River, the capital of the Czech Republic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 254 ], [ 255, 438 ], [ 439, 524 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Steppenwolf ", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel's protagonist contemplates a small tree in a planter in his apartment as a symbol of the bourgeoisie.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Steppenwolf_(novel)", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba91", "qanta_id": 19775, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel's protagonist contemplates a small tree in a planter in his apartment as a symbol of the bourgeoisie. The protagonist is given a treatise in which the title entity is defined as a \"suicide,\" someone who simultaneously loathes and respects the bourgeoisie. This novel's protagonist has an affair with Maria and imagines himself to be the title animal. At a lavish ball, the protagonist is led by the saxophonist Pablo into the Magic Theater, where he kills Hermine. For 10 points, name this semi-autobiographical novel about Harry Haller written by Herman Hesse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 266 ], [ 267, 361 ], [ 362, 475 ], [ 476, 572 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this man criticized the progress resulting from art and science as empowering governments and undermining friendship in Discourse on the Arts and Sciences.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550ba9d", "qanta_id": 19787, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this man criticized the progress resulting from art and science as empowering governments and undermining friendship in Discourse on the Arts and Sciences. One work by this author advocates that only at adolescence can children understand complex emotions like (*) sympathy. Another of his works advocates small communities that allow for the conscience of their inhabitants to develop into an incontrovertible \"general will.\" For 10 points, name this author of Emile who declared that man is \"born free, and everywhere he is in chains\" in a book suggesting the title arrangement between the people and the Sovereign, The Social Contract.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 287 ], [ 288, 439 ], [ 440, 651 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Polymerase Chain Reaction}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The methylation-specific form of this procedure is used on CpG islands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymerase_chain_reaction", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550baa9", "qanta_id": 19799, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The methylation-specific form of this procedure is used on CpG islands. Its touchdown variant utilizes a gradual lowering of the temperature, and cDNA is generated from RNA in the RT version of this procedure. Typically requiring dNTPs, magnesium ions, and primers, it takes advantage of the ability of its namesake Thermus aquaticus enzyme to withstand high temperatures. Taking place through denaturation, annealing, and elongation steps, this procedure typically takes 20 to 40 thermal cycles, each of which doubles the amount of DNA present. For 10 points, name this lab technique used to amplify short pieces of DNA.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 209 ], [ 210, 372 ], [ 373, 545 ], [ 546, 621 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ludwig {Mies} van der {Rohe}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Alexander Calder's Ordinary is displayed outside one of this architect's buildings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550baaa", "qanta_id": 19800, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Alexander Calder's Ordinary is displayed outside one of this architect's buildings. This architect of the Lake Shore Drive Towers and also designed the Brno and Tugendhat chairs. He designed a house in Illinois with a core fireplace instead of interior walls and white horizontal slabs with floor-to-ceiling windows, his Farnsworth House. He collaborated with Philip Johnson on a building that only allows three window blind positions and is located on Park Avenue. Known for his maxim \"less is more,\" for 10 points, name this last director of the Bauhaus and architect of the Seagram Building.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 178 ], [ 179, 338 ], [ 339, 465 ], [ 466, 594 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{ferromagnetism} [accept word forms; prompt on \"{magnetism}\" before it is mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This phenomenon exhibited by Heusler alloys is modeled as a lattice of spins by the Potts and Ising models.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ferromagnetism", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bab9", "qanta_id": 19815, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This phenomenon exhibited by Heusler alloys is modeled as a lattice of spins by the Potts and Ising models. Materials exhibiting it are characterized by their coercivity and remanence. Arising within Weiss domains, this phenomenon exhibits a lag response that traces out an S-shaped hysteresis curve. This phenomenon remains even in the absence of an external magnetic field, and is exhibited below the Curie point by materials like neodynium, nickel, and cobalt. For 10 points, name this type of permanent magnetism exhibited by iron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 184 ], [ 185, 300 ], [ 301, 463 ], [ 464, 535 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Robert {Schumann}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One work by this man quotes a Romance from a Heinrich Marschner opera based on Ivanhoe in its twelfth and final variation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Schumann", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bac1", "qanta_id": 19823, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man quotes a Romance from a Heinrich Marschner opera based on Ivanhoe in its twelfth and final variation. That work begins with a C-sharp minor main theme taken from a flute piece by a composer whose illegitimate daughter was this man's first fiancee. Another piano work by this man is called \"Colorful Leaves,\" and provided the theme for Brahms's Variations Opus 9. This man's own Opus 9 is a set of \"cute scenes on four notes,\" which opens with a \"preamble\" featuring alternating chords in dotted rhythms. One part of that work is meant to be read but not played, and is called \"Sphinxes.\" That work ends with the \"March of the Davidsb\u00fcndler against the Philistines,\" and like the aforementioned Symphonic Etudes, it also represents the characters of Eusebius and Florestan. FTP, name this composer who quoted his own work Papillons in Carnaval.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 268 ], [ 269, 383 ], [ 384, 524 ], [ 525, 607 ], [ 607, 793 ], [ 794, 864 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{auxins} [prompt on {plant hormones} before mention]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These substances are transported by PIN proteins and bind to TIR1.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auxin", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bac8", "qanta_id": 19830, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These substances are transported by PIN proteins and bind to TIR1. They stimulate proton pumps to lower the pH and activate expansins, according to the acid growth hypothesis. In high concentrations, they stimulate excess ethylene production, which induces abscission, hence the use of these compounds in herbicides like Agent Orange. Indole-3-acetic acid is one example of these compounds which contribute to apical dominance, phototropisms, and cell elongation. For 10 points, name these plant hormones whose effect is strengthened in the presence of cytokinins and gibberellins.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 175 ], [ 176, 334 ], [ 335, 463 ], [ 464, 581 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Grant {Wood}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted the title figure pulling back a red curtain to reveal a man holding a bent cherry tree next to a boy with an axe in Parson Weems' Fable.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grant_Wood", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bae3", "qanta_id": 19857, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist depicted the title figure pulling back a red curtain to reveal a man holding a bent cherry tree next to a boy with an axe in Parson Weems' Fable. Another work of his shows a bird's eye view of a tall white church steeple passed by the title figure on horseback. He painted three women, one with a teacup, standing in front of a reproduction of Emanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware. In addition to The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere and Daughters of the Revolution, he painted a portrait of his sister and his pitchfork-wielding dentist. For 10 points, name this American regionalist painter of American Gothic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 273 ], [ 274, 406 ], [ 407, 559 ], [ 560, 633 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Arnold {Schoenberg}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer used a harmony consisting of a C, G sharp, B, E, and A in his Sunday Morning on the Lake.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnold_Schoenberg", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bb07", "qanta_id": 19893, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer used a harmony consisting of a C, G sharp, B, E, and A in his Sunday Morning on the Lake. That work is part of the collection Five Pieces for Orchestra and is notable for its use of \"klangfarbenmelodie,\" while another work in D minor describes a couple in the woods on a moonlit night. The composer of a tone poem based on Richard Dehmel's Transfigured Night, he based his most famous work on 21 Albert Giraud poems about a commedia dell'arte character. For 10 points, name this expressionist composer of Pierrot Lunaire, the formulator the twelve-tone scale.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 299 ], [ 300, 467 ], [ 468, 573 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Magic Flute} or {Die Zauberflote}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Monostatos tries to pursue a princess who was supposedly kidnapped by Sarastro in this work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bb24", "qanta_id": 19922, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Monostatos tries to pursue a princess who was supposedly kidnapped by Sarastro in this work. The queen instructs her daughter to kill Sarastro and gives her a dagger in this work, and one character breaks his vow of fasting by accepting water from an old woman. That old woman later turns out to be (*) Papagena, who eventually settles down with Papageno. Prince Tamino is given the title object and is told to rescue Pamina at the beginning of this opera. For 10 points, name this opera by Mozart about an enchanted instrument.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 261 ], [ 262, 355 ], [ 356, 456 ], [ 457, 528 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Don} Giovanni [or The {Rake Punished}, or {Don} Giovanni; or {Il dissoluto punito}, {ossia Il Don}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this opera accompanies himself on the mandolin in the aria \"Deh, vieni alla finestra.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Giovanni", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bb27", "qanta_id": 19925, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this opera accompanies himself on the mandolin in the aria \"Deh, vieni alla finestra.\" A peasant girl repeats the phrase, \"Toccami qua!\" during the aria \"Vedrai, carino,\" which is addressed to her fianc\u00e9 Masetto. In this opera, Leporello distracts Elvira by singing the \"Catalogue Aria,\" in which he states that his master has slept with two thousand sixty-five women. At the end of this opera, the Commendatore returns as a (*) stone statue to drag the title character to Hell. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about a legendary seducer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 102, 229 ], [ 230, 385 ], [ 386, 495 ], [ 496, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{black holes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Charged examples of these objects exhibit an internal boundary named for Cauchy and satisfy the Reissner-Nordstrom metric.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bb2d", "qanta_id": 19931, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Charged examples of these objects exhibit an internal boundary named for Cauchy and satisfy the Reissner-Nordstrom metric. A photon sphere can occur near one of these, and the Penrose process seeks to extract energy from their ergospheres. The Lense-Thirring effect describes the frame-dragging produced by a rotating one of these objects subject to the no-hair theorem. Spontaneous pair production results in their emission of Hawking radiation, and the Schwarzchild radius is the distance from the center at which the event horizon occurs. Found at the center of galaxies, for 10 points, name these gravitational singularities from which nothing can escape.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 239 ], [ 240, 370 ], [ 371, 541 ], [ 542, 659 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Bridge}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one section of this work, the title entity is called a \"simian Venus\" and a \"homeless Eve\" and \"takes night/And lifts her girdles from her, one by one.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bridge", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bb45", "qanta_id": 19955, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one section of this work, the title entity is called a \"simian Venus\" and a \"homeless Eve\" and \"takes night/And lifts her girdles from her, one by one.\" That section, \"Southern Cross,\" is one of \"Three Songs\" that appear in this work. The speaker observes \"the serpent with the eagle in the boughs\" in another poem in this work, which contains the phrase \"O Appalachian Spring!\" That poem, \"The Dance,\" is part of the second section, \"Powhatan's Daughter.\" It contains poems such as \"Cutty Sark\" and \"Cape Hatteras.\" The first poem of this cycle addresses a landmark \"across the harbor, silver-paced.\" For 10 points, name this poetry collection by Hart Crane dedicated to a New York structure.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 237 ], [ 238, 381 ], [ 382, 458 ], [ 458, 518 ], [ 518, 604 ], [ 605, 696 ] ], "tournament": "SACK", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Lorentzian profile due to the natural broadening of spectral lines is due to this statement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncertainty_principle", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bb86", "qanta_id": 20020, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Lorentzian profile due to the natural broadening of spectral lines is due to this statement. Mandelshtam and Tamm used a general observable operator to reformulate an alternative to this statement and other forms of it detail the relation between the phase of the Ginzberg-Landau parameter and the number of electrons in a superconductor. This statement can be viewed as a special case of the Robertson\u2013Schr\u00f6dinger inequality, and the canonical commutation relation of quantum mechanics can be used to arrive at this relation in its most familiar form. This statement from quantum mechanics comes in energy-time and position-momentum varieties. For 10 points, what statement, named for a German physicist, says that no two non-commuting observables can be simultaneously measured to infinitely high precision?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 342 ], [ 343, 556 ], [ 557, 648 ], [ 649, 813 ] ], "tournament": "SACK", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{proton(s)}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A recent study published in Nature obtained a value for the root-mean-squared charge radius of this particle that was roughly five standard deviations away from the currently accepted value.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Proton", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bb88", "qanta_id": 20022, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A recent study published in Nature obtained a value for the root-mean-squared charge radius of this particle that was roughly five standard deviations away from the currently accepted value. CERN utilizes Penning traps to confine this particle's antiparticle and when this particle decays, a pion and a positron should be produced, though that has never been observed. That is unsurprising since the experimental half-life of this particle is on the order of 10-to-the-33rd-power years and this particle's decay may be impossible. This particle is composed of two up quarks and one down quark, and the number of these particles in an atom is equal to the atomic number. For ten points, identify this positively charged particle found in the nucleus along with the neutron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 368 ], [ 369, 530 ], [ 531, 669 ], [ 670, 772 ] ], "tournament": "SACK", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Carthage} (accept {Cartagena})", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One city by this name is located at the confluence of the Caney Fork and Cumberland Rivers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carthage", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bbba", "qanta_id": 20072, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One city by this name is located at the confluence of the Caney Fork and Cumberland Rivers. The establishment of the Viceroyalty of New Grenada was a boon for a different city of this name, since it became the de-facto capital and a naval base. That is why it was targeted by Edward Vernon in the most significant battle of the War of Jenkins' Ear. That city is called this \"of the Indies\" and is located in Colombia. The sailors who founded that city came from another city of this name located on the coast of Murcia, also an important naval station. That city, in turn, was named \"new\" this by Hasdrubal Barca in 224 BC, after its mother city located on a spit of land between Lake Tunis and the Mediterranean, where it had separate ports for its naval and merchant fleets. For ten points, what is this city name that began when Queen Dido cut a cowhide into strips to enclose the land that became this city?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 244 ], [ 245, 348 ], [ 349, 417 ], [ 418, 552 ], [ 553, 776 ], [ 777, 911 ] ], "tournament": "SACK", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Chicago", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Fred Hampton and Mark Clark were two Black Panthers shot to death in this city while they were asleep.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chicago", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bbc2", "qanta_id": 20080, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Fred Hampton and Mark Clark were two Black Panthers shot to death in this city while they were asleep. Anthony Abbate (read: A BODY) violently beat the bartender Karolina Obrycka in this city after she refused to continue serving him. Jon Burge was convicted of perjury in this city in 2010, which he committed in the course of civil suits against him for the torture he ordered as Commander of the Area 2 violent crimes unit in the 1980s. In 1886, seven anarchists were sentenced to death in this city following an incident when a pipe bomb explosion caused a line of policemen to fire into a crowd of striking workers in Haymarket Square in this city. For ten points, what is this city notorious for police violence, particularly the violence ordered by Mayor Richard J. Daley during the 1968 Democratic National Convention?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 234 ], [ 235, 439 ], [ 440, 653 ], [ 654, 826 ] ], "tournament": "SACK", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{prime} (accept {prime ideals} or {prime numbers})", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The set of all of these is denoted Spec R, where R is a commutative ring and can be made into a topological space via the Zariski topology.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prime_number", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc0c", "qanta_id": 20154, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The set of all of these is denoted Spec R, where R is a commutative ring and can be made into a topological space via the Zariski topology. An integral domain results from taking the quotient of a ring with one of these kinds of ideals, which shows that every maximal ideal has this property as well. There are arbitrarily long arithmetic sequences of these by the Green-Tao theorem, and minus one is congruent to n minus one factorial mod n if and only if n is one of these, according to Wilson's theorem. Carmichael numbers do not have this property, despite passing a test based on Fermat's Little theorem. Adding one to the product of all of these is the key idea of Euclid's proof that there must be an infinite number of these kinds of numbers, which come in Germain and Mersenne varieties. For 10 points, name this kind of number which has no proper factors other than one.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 300 ], [ 301, 421 ], [ 422, 439 ], [ 440, 506 ], [ 507, 609 ], [ 610, 796 ], [ 797, 880 ] ], "tournament": "SACK", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{polymerase chain} reaction [accept prefixation of \u201creal time,\u201d \u201cquantitative,\u201d \u201cRT,\u201d or \u201cQ,\u201d before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One variety of this process can use SYBR green florescent dye to make it quantitative in real-time.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymerase_chain_reaction", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc20", "qanta_id": 20174, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One variety of this process can use SYBR green florescent dye to make it quantitative in real-time. Because Pfu has three-prime to five-prime proofreading ability, its use in this process results in increased accuracy over an enzyme that produces three-prime adenosine overhangs. Steps of this process include [*] denaturing, during which the template strands detach, annealing, during which primers attach, and elongation, during which thermostable Taq [\"tack\"] polymerase adds new nucleotides to synthesize a complementary strand. Invented by Kary Mullis, for 10 points, identify this process by which a strand of DNA is amplified.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 279 ], [ 280, 532 ], [ 533, 633 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Bela Viktor Janos {Bartok}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first movement of one of this man's pieces is thought to based on the Fibonacci sequence, and none of the movements in that composition have a key signature.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B\u00e9la_Bart\u00f3k", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc21", "qanta_id": 20175, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first movement of one of this man's pieces is thought to based on the Fibonacci sequence, and none of the movements in that composition have a key signature. This composer of Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta also wrote a set of 153 pieces for piano that get progressively more difficult. He also wrote a ballet in which embracing a dancing girl causes a Chinese man dies to die from stab wounds. This composer of [*] Mikrokosmos and The Miraculous Mandarin also wrote an opera in which Judith sees a pool of tears in the sixth of the title figure's seven rooms. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of Duke Bluebeard's Castle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 301 ], [ 302, 409 ], [ 410, 575 ], [ 576, 647 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Kawabata} Yasunari [accept names in either order]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A short story by this author follows a college student's feelings for a performer who turns out to be just a little girl, entitled The Dancing Girl of Izu.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc23", "qanta_id": 20177, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A short story by this author follows a college student's feelings for a performer who turns out to be just a little girl, entitled The Dancing Girl of Izu. One of this writer's novels describes the relationship between Fumiko Ota, her mother, and the orphan Kikuji, and focuses on a tea ceremony. This man's journalistic work on Honinbo Shusai's final match led to a novel in which Otake defeats a dying man in the titular [*] game. Shimamura, the protagonist of one this man's works, falls in love with the geisha Komako, a resident of a hot-spring town in the titular region of Japan. For 10, name this Nobel laureate who wrote Thousand Cranes, The Master of Go, and Snow Country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 296 ], [ 297, 432 ], [ 433, 586 ], [ 587, 682 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{coagulation} [or {thrombosis}; accept {blood clotting} and word forms before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Because this process uses VKORC to recycle components, it can be inhibited by a coumarin derivative called warfarin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coagulation", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc36", "qanta_id": 20196, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Because this process uses VKORC to recycle components, it can be inhibited by a coumarin derivative called warfarin. Tissue factor initiates the extrinsic pathway of this process, and when endothelial cells are damaged, its von Willebrand factor bonds to collagen. This process is inhibited by Bernard-Souleir syndrome and by another disorder caused by a lack of [*] factor VIII, disrupting this process's namesake cascade. In this process, thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin strands that assist the platelet plug in closing the wound. Disrupted in hemophiliacs, for 10 points, name this process by which blood clots.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 264 ], [ 265, 423 ], [ 424, 539 ], [ 540, 621 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Philip Morris {Glass}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man collaborated with David Henry Hwang on a melodrama about the character \"M,\" entitled 1000 Airplanes on the Roof.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philip_Glass", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc42", "qanta_id": 20208, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man collaborated with David Henry Hwang on a melodrama about the character \"M,\" entitled 1000 Airplanes on the Roof. This man was inspired by Allen Ginsberg to write his sixth symphony, \"Plutonian Ode,\" and the chamber opera Hydrogen Jukebox. He included the acts \"Tolstoy,\" \"Tagore,\"and \"King\" in an opera about the life of Gandhi entitled [*] Satyagraha (\"suth-ya-gra-ha\"), which forms part of his \"Portrait Trilogy.\" This composer wrote the score to a movie whose title translates to \"life out of balance,\" and he wrote an opera containing five \"knee plays.\" For 10 points, name this minimalist composer of Koyaanisqatsi (\"ko-yani-scotts-ee\") and the opera Einstein on the Beach.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 247 ], [ 248, 424 ], [ 425, 565 ], [ 565, 687 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jorge Luis {Borges} (\u201cBOR-hays\u201d)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man described hronir and included his friend Adolfo Bioy Casares in his story \"Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius,\" and one short story by this man tells the story of Ireneo, who cannot understand generalities but can perfectly remember everything.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jorge_Luis_Borges", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc4d", "qanta_id": 20219, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man described hronir and included his friend Adolfo Bioy Casares in his story \"Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius,\" and one short story by this man tells the story of Ireneo, who cannot understand generalities but can perfectly remember everything. In addition to \"Funes, the Memorius,\" this man wrote a story in which the German spy Yu Tsun attempts to read a novel that is actually a [*] labyrinth, and in another of his stories, infinitely many hexagonal rooms contain books with strings of random characters. For 10 points, name this Argentine author whose short stories \"The Library of Babel\" and \"The Garden of Forking Paths\" can be found in his collection Ficciones.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 245 ], [ 246, 509 ], [ 510, 670 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The {Garden} of {Earthly Delights} [or {The Millenium}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work's upper-left corner depicts birds flying out of a cave through a hole in a hill.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc55", "qanta_id": 20227, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work's upper-left corner depicts birds flying out of a cave through a hole in a hill. Elsewhere, a man holding a tree branch flies on a griffin and another man peers at a mouse through a glass tube. A pig wears a nun's habit in this work, and, when closed, this work depicts the third day of creation. Two ears are pierced by an arrow on the right of this painting that depicts oversized [*] fruit in the middle section. On the right of this painting, a bird eats humans while some men are crucified on a lute and a harp. With a left panel representing the creation of man, a right panel Hell, and a center representing the titular location of pleasure, for 10 points, name this triptych by Hieronymus Bosch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 203 ], [ 204, 306 ], [ 307, 425 ], [ 426, 526 ], [ 527, 713 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Ming} Dynasty [or {Da} Ming {Chao}; accept {Empire} of the {Great} Ming]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This dynasty's Jiajing Emperor angered Tibet by persecuting Buddhism at his court.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ming_dynasty", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc5b", "qanta_id": 20233, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This dynasty's Jiajing Emperor angered Tibet by persecuting Buddhism at his court. This dynasty's first emperor established a secret police called the Jinyi Wei. Fundamental to this dynasty's founding was the Battle of Lake Poyang, won by the leader of the Red Turbans, Zhu Yuanzhang, who became the Hongwu emperor. This dynasty's Yongle Emperor restored the Grand Canal, sent treasure boats with [*] Zheng He, and constructed the Forbidden City. Overthrown by the Manchus and succeeded by the Qing, for 10 points, name this dynasty of China which succeeded the Yuan and was renowned for its pottery.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 161 ], [ 162, 315 ], [ 316, 398 ], [ 398, 400 ], [ 401, 446 ], [ 447, 600 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jacques-Louis {David}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this painter, a body on a stretcher is taken to a figure who looks away broodingly while his wife, dressed in orange robes, mourns.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jacques-Louis_David", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc5e", "qanta_id": 20236, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this painter, a body on a stretcher is taken to a figure who looks away broodingly while his wife, dressed in orange robes, mourns. This painter of The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons painted a work in which most of the figures look away as a man in a red robe hands a [*] philosopher a cup of hemlock, and in another, three Romans reach for swords held by their father in order to fight the Curatii, This man painted a work in which a celiac-afflicted journalist, killed by Charlotte Corday, holds a letter as he expires in his bathtub. Creator of The Death of Socrates, for 10 points, name this painter of The Oath of the Horatii and The Death of Marat.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 567 ], [ 568, 685 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Oliver Cromwell", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's government was created by John Lambert's Instrument of Government.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oliver_Cromwell", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc64", "qanta_id": 20242, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's government was created by John Lambert's Instrument of Government. He commanded the Eastern Association Army, and this man crushed the Levellers in Burford. This man's general Thomas Fairfax defeated Prince Rupert of the Palatine at a battle fought south of Leicester. This man's troops won at Marston Moor and [*] Naseby. Later, this man instituted the Barebones Parliament in opposition to the Long Parliament and Rump Parliament, before he got rid of Parliament altogether and ruled with the help of his Roundhead allies in the New Model Army. For 10 points, name this conqueror of Ireland and Lord Protector of England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 167 ], [ 168, 279 ], [ 280, 321 ], [ 322, 325 ], [ 326, 333 ], [ 334, 557 ], [ 558, 634 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Alzheimer\u2019s} disease [prompt on \u201c{dementia}\u201d or \u201c{senile dementia}\u201d before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In patients with this condition, loss of neurons leads to atrophy in the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus, and abnormalities in the APOE4 and SORL1 genes are factors that appear to cause it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alzheimer's_disease", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc67", "qanta_id": 20245, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In patients with this condition, loss of neurons leads to atrophy in the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus, and abnormalities in the APOE4 and SORL1 genes are factors that appear to cause it. One theory proposes that oxidative stress is the primary cause of this condition, but the amyloid hypothesis is more widely accepted. Increasing [*] acetylcholine production is one method of treatment for this disease. A buildup of beta amyloid plaques and tau tangles are commonly found in patients with, for 10 points, what disease named after a German neuropathologist, the most common form of senile dementia?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 326 ], [ 327, 339 ], [ 339, 411 ], [ 412, 606 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Gian-Lorenzo {Bernini}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This sculptor depicted a screaming lady with outstretched arms pushing the face of a bearded man in The Rape of Proserpina.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc8a", "qanta_id": 20280, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This sculptor depicted a screaming lady with outstretched arms pushing the face of a bearded man in The Rape of Proserpina. One of this sculptor's works depicts a figure running from a god and turning into a laurel tree. This sculptor of [*] Apollo and Daphne made a version of David that shows the shepherd about to release the sling. This sculptor also made a fountain that symbolizes the power of the Ganges, Rio de la Plata, Danube, and Nile rivers. One of this man's works located in the Cornaro Chapel shows an angel pointing a thin spear at a swooning nun. For 10 points, name this Italian sculptor of The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 220 ], [ 221, 335 ], [ 336, 453 ], [ 454, 563 ], [ 564, 636 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{ATP} [or adenosine-5-triphosphate]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "As a signaling molecule, this molecule can activate P2 membrane receptors.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Adenosine_triphosphate", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc99", "qanta_id": 20295, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As a signaling molecule, this molecule can activate P2 membrane receptors. Paul Boyer showed that the purpose of a certain proton gradient is to remove it from its namesake synthase. During muscle contraction, the heads of the myosin molecule hydrolyze this molecule. In plants, this molecule is synthesized in the (*) thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts. Two molecules of it are synthesized as the end product of glycolysis. For 10 points, name this compound that is sometimes referred to as the \"energy currency\" of the cell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 182 ], [ 183, 267 ], [ 268, 358 ], [ 359, 428 ], [ 429, 530 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{diffusion} [prompt on \u201c{effusion}\u201d or \u201c{osmosis}\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Plasma exhibits the Bohm type of this phenomenon. This process is also given by Einstein's Relation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bc9c", "qanta_id": 20298, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Plasma exhibits the Bohm type of this phenomenon. This process is also given by Einstein's Relation. A specific type of it observed in gases is inversely proportional to the molar mass of the gas according to Graham's Law, which is often paired with Fick's Laws. Another type of it involves water passing through a semi-permeable membrane and is called osmosis. For 10 points, name this movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 262 ], [ 263, 361 ], [ 362, 465 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{pragmatism}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One proponent of this philosophy argued that other philosophies failed due to projecting the results of abstractions onto reality.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pragmatism", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bca7", "qanta_id": 20309, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One proponent of this philosophy argued that other philosophies failed due to projecting the results of abstractions onto reality. A belief that truth is only a tag that people bestow upon claims in order to present their views was written by Richard Rorty, while another advocate of this philosophy discussed semiosis, or sign action, and the three basic elements that make up objects and their meanings in his work How to Make Our Ideas Clear. That man, [*] C. S. Peirce, founded this philosophy which was later expounded upon by John Dewey. For 10 points, name this philosophy that believes that thoughts are only true if they are practical, popularized by William James.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 445 ], [ 446, 543 ], [ 544, 674 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Carlos {Fuentes} Macias", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this man, Felipe Montero learns that the title character is a younger version of General Llorente's widow, while this writer's first novel follows Ixca Cienfuegos (\"chee-en-fue-gos\") in search of a sacrifice to avenge his gods.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carlos_Fuentes", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bcaa", "qanta_id": 20312, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this man, Felipe Montero learns that the title character is a younger version of General Llorente's widow, while this writer's first novel follows Ixca Cienfuegos (\"chee-en-fue-gos\") in search of a sacrifice to avenge his gods. This author of Aura and Where the Air is Clear created Pollo Phoibee, who falls into the Seine and ends up in Ancient Rome and Philip II's Spain in [*] Terra Nostra. Another work by this man sees an Ambrose Bierce-inspired character killed by one of Pancho Villa's generals, while another work describes a dying tycoon's life from the Revolution to days of great wealth. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 243 ], [ 244, 409 ], [ 410, 614 ], [ 615, 703 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Mughal} Empire.", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this empire held a court whose \"Nine Jewels\" included the witty Birbal, who joined that ruler's new religion of Din-i-Ilahi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mughal_Empire", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bcb2", "qanta_id": 20320, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ruler of this empire held a court whose \"Nine Jewels\" included the witty Birbal, who joined that ruler's new religion of Din-i-Ilahi. This empire's sixth ruler re-instituted a tax on non-Muslims called the jizya, while another ruler of this empire defeated Ibrahim Lodhi at [*] Panipat. This empire's last ruler was Bahadur II. One ruler of this empire was defeated by Sher Shah Suri, and Aurangzeb's father commemorated his own wife Mumtaz with the Taj Mahal. This empire was founded by Humayun's father Babur and later ruled by Shah Jahan and Akbar. For 10 points, name this Muslim Indian empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 290 ], [ 291, 331 ], [ 332, 464 ], [ 465, 555 ], [ 556, 602 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Eugene {Ionesco}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this man, a detective's last words are repeated by another character to describe everyone, while another shows a Professor who commits murder out of frustration with his student's inability to learn.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Ionesco", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bcb3", "qanta_id": 20321, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this man, a detective's last words are repeated by another character to describe everyone, while another shows a Professor who commits murder out of frustration with his student's inability to learn. This author of Victims of Duty and The Lesson wrote about a group of invisible people seated on the title objects, and another play by him involves a [*] fire chief who utters the title phrase before leaving the Smith house, where the Martins have been invited for dinner. This Romanian-born Frenchman wrote The Chairs and several plays about Berenger. For 10 points, name this Absurdist playwright of Rhinoceros and The Bald Soprano.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 214 ], [ 215, 487 ], [ 488, 567 ], [ 568, 649 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ren\u00e9 {Descartes}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man claimed that the cause of something must contain as much reality as the subject itself, which is the causal adequacy principle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bcbd", "qanta_id": 20331, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man claimed that the cause of something must contain as much reality as the subject itself, which is the causal adequacy principle. He used an example of the changes in burning wax to describe how perception cannot accurately describe objects and theorized that all of perceived reality could just be a dream. He suggested that the pineal gland was the connection between the [*] body and the soul and the ability of both to affect each other was part of this man's namesake dualism. He created the trademark argument for the existence of God in his Meditations on First Philosophy. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote \"cogito ergo sum\" in his Discourse on Method.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 314 ], [ 315, 488 ], [ 489, 587 ], [ 588, 680 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Human Immunodeficiency} Virus [do not accept or prompt on \u201c{AIDS};\u201d prompt on \u201c{retrovirus}\u201d until \u201c{TAR}\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This infectious agent's genome codes for pol and gag, and the TAR hairpin of its genome binds to the tat protein, which interacts with receptors for CXCR4, also known as fusin, which itself is a receptor for SDF-1.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "HIV", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bcc4", "qanta_id": 20338, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This infectious agent's genome codes for pol and gag, and the TAR hairpin of its genome binds to the tat protein, which interacts with receptors for CXCR4, also known as fusin, which itself is a receptor for SDF-1. This virus uses the Env cap made up of gp41 and gp120 proteins to latch onto CD4 receptors. Infection by this virus is treated with [*] AZT, and Kaposi's sarcoma can be found in patients infected with it. This virus uses reverse transcriptase to attack leukocytes known either as \"helper\" or \"cytotoxic\" T cells, and infection with this lentivirus can cause opportunistic infection and immune system collapse. For 10 points, name this retrovirus that causes AIDS.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 214 ], [ 215, 306 ], [ 307, 419 ], [ 420, 624 ], [ 625, 678 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Albert {Camus}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this man, the life of an Arab is saved by Daru.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Camus", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bccf", "qanta_id": 20349, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this man, the life of an Arab is saved by Daru. This man's story The Guest is part of his collection Exile and the Kingdom, and he wrote a novel in which the main character cannot forget how he failed to assist a drowning woman. Jean-Baptiste Clamence is a character in this man's novel The Fall, and this man wrote a work in which the deaths of many rats in the streets of Oran force [*] Dr. Bernard Rieux to confront the titular outbreak. In one novel by this man, the protagonist befriends a pimp named Raymond before shooting an Arab. For 10 points, name this Algerian-born author of The Plague who featured Meursault in The Stranger.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 79 ], [ 80, 243 ], [ 244, 455 ], [ 456, 553 ], [ 554, 653 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Michelangelo} Buenarroti [or {Michelangelo} Buenarroti]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's sculptures is incomplete in such a way that its head appears to be sealed in marble, leading to its nickname of Blockhead Slave.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michelangelo", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bce2", "qanta_id": 20368, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's sculptures is incomplete in such a way that its head appears to be sealed in marble, leading to its nickname of Blockhead Slave. Another of his sculptures depicts a man with bulging veins and a furious gaze running his fingers through his long beard. That work, based on a mistranslation of the Old Testament Hebrew, depicts Moses with horns and was made for the tomb of Pope Julius II. For 10 points, name this Renaissance Italian sculptor, who also depicted Mary cradling the dead Jesus in his Piet\u00e1.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 268 ], [ 269, 404 ], [ 405, 520 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Caravaggio} or {Michelangelo Merisi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man painted a large red curtain hanging over a seemingly pregnant Mary in his Death of the Virgin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Caravaggio", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bce3", "qanta_id": 20369, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man painted a large red curtain hanging over a seemingly pregnant Mary in his Death of the Virgin. In one of his works, the title figure's hand brushes the edge of a stone slab jutting out towards the viewer, and in another, a basket of fruit teeters perilously on a table's edge. In addition to The Entombment of Christ and Supper at Emmaus, this artist painted a work in which a diagonal beam of light extends Christ's outstretched finger to the figures seated at a table. For 10 points, name this Baroque painter who frequently used tenebrism, as seen in The Calling of St. Matthew.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 285 ], [ 286, 479 ], [ 480, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Gioachino Antonio {Rossini}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote an opera in which Amenaide sings \"Di tanti palpiti\" about her exiled Syracusean love, and another in which Prodocimo witnesses jealousy between Don Geronio and Selim.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gioachino_Rossini", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bcf0", "qanta_id": 20382, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote an opera in which Amenaide sings \"Di tanti palpiti\" about her exiled Syracusean love, and another in which Prodocimo witnesses jealousy between Don Geronio and Selim. This creator of Tancredi and The Turk in Italy wrote an opera in which Issaco's evidence points to Ninetta's theft of a silver spoon actually taken by a [*] mischievous bird. In one opera by this man, Gessler is killed by a Swiss patriot who shoots an apple off his son's head, and in another, Rosina and Count Almaviva get hitched with the help of the clever haircutter Figaro. Creator of The Thieving Magpie, for 10 points, name this composer of William Tell and The Barber of Seville.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 356 ], [ 357, 560 ], [ 561, 669 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich {Hegel}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker observed that quantity is determined by a saturation of ones in a void.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bcfc", "qanta_id": 20394, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker observed that quantity is determined by a saturation of ones in a void. This man expressed that thought and being are equivalent and that thinking is only the Spirit expressing itself and only finished the first part of his proposed \"System of Science.\" This author of Science of Logic and Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences described three spheres of rightness: abstract right, moral right, and ethical life which involves including morality in everyday life, in his [*] Elements of The Philosophy of Right. For 10 points, name this philosopher who discusses the master-slave dialectic in his The Phenomenology of Spirit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 266 ], [ 267, 529 ], [ 530, 643 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Waterloo}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The losing side in this battle boasted that winning would be as easy as eating breakfast.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Waterloo", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd05", "qanta_id": 20403, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The losing side in this battle boasted that winning would be as easy as eating breakfast. The winner of this battle used his trademark \"reverse slope\" defense, and the Lion's Mound was constructed after this battle where William the Silent was shot. Marshal Ney failed to break infantry squares near La Haye Sante during this battle, which saw d'Erlon attack [*] Mont-Saint-Jean This battle was preceded by action at Quatre-Bras and Ligny. Prussians under von Blucher assisted the English at this battle. For 10 points, name this victory for the Seventh Coalition and the Duke of Wellington at the end of the Hundred Days, Napoleon's final defeat.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 249 ], [ 250, 358 ], [ 359, 361 ], [ 361, 378 ], [ 379, 439 ], [ 440, 504 ], [ 505, 647 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Hardy}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote a poem wishing for a \"vengeful god\" to tell him \"thy love's loss is my hate's profiting,\" while another of his poems includes some \"Lines on the loss of the Titanic.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Hardy", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd10", "qanta_id": 20414, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote a poem wishing for a \"vengeful god\" to tell him \"thy love's loss is my hate's profiting,\" while another of his poems includes some \"Lines on the loss of the Titanic.\" This poet of \"Hap\" and \"The Convergence of the Twain\" wrote a poem about the title bird flinging \"his soul upon the gloom,\" entitled \"The [*] Darkling Thrush.\" In one novel by this man set in Wessex, the title official sells his wife and child while drunk. Creator of Michael Henchard and author of a novel set in Egdon Heath in which Eustacia Vye, the wife of Clym Yeobright, drowns herself, for 10 points, name this British writer of The Mayor of Casterbridge and The Return of the Native.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 341 ], [ 342, 438 ], [ 439, 673 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Nadine {Gordimer}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, the ecologist Paul Bannerman has thyroid cancer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd17", "qanta_id": 20421, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, the ecologist Paul Bannerman has thyroid cancer. In addition to Get a Life, this author wrote a novel in which Jacobus discovers a body on the four hundred acre farm of the industrialist Merhring. In one work by this author, a friend of Marisa Kgosana, Rosa, tries to deal with her father [*] Lionel's communist work, and this woman wrote a novel in which Mwawate drives a bakkie and Maureen Smale flees an uprising in the title servant's village. Author of The Conservationist, for 10 points, name this South African writer of Burger's Daughter and July's People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 224 ], [ 225, 316 ], [ 317, 475 ], [ 476, 592 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Ares}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity's sacred birds include the woodpecker and eagle owl.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ares", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd1a", "qanta_id": 20424, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity's sacred birds include the woodpecker and eagle owl. This father-in-law of Procne was the only Olympian not invited to the wedding of Hippodameia and Peirithous. This god's Stymphalian birds guarded his temple on the Black Sea, and Otus and Ephialtes threw him into chains and put him in a bronze urn. This god's daughter Penthesilea was slain by Achilles at Troy, and Athena and Hera encouraged Diomedes to wound this god, whose daughters include [*] Hippolyta. This god fathered Eros with Aphrodite, with whom he was caught in a golden net by Hephaestos. For 10 points, name this killer of Adonis and father of Phobos and Deimos, the Greek god of War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 172 ], [ 173, 312 ], [ 313, 473 ], [ 474, 567 ], [ 568, 664 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Frank Lloyd {Wright}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man included a loggia in a building designed to reduce noise for the congregants, the Unity Temple, and this man designed \"lilypad\" columns for another work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Lloyd_Wright", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd1c", "qanta_id": 20426, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man included a loggia in a building designed to reduce noise for the congregants, the Unity Temple, and this man designed \"lilypad\" columns for another work. His Rosenbaum House exemplifies his Usonian style, and this designer of the Johnson Wax Headquarters created the Imperial Hotel, which survived the Great [*] Kanto Earthquake. This man designed \"East\" and \"West\" versions of his home, Taliesin. This architect included cantilevered rooftops on Hyde Park's Robie House, and a museum designed by him includes a spiraling central ramp. For 10 points, name this Prairie School architect who designed the Guggenheim New York and Fallingwater.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 316 ], [ 317, 318 ], [ 318, 320 ], [ 321, 338 ], [ 339, 406 ], [ 407, 544 ], [ 545, 649 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Pictures} at an {Exhibition} [or {Pictures} of an {Exhibition}; or {Pictures} from an {Exhibition}; or {Kartinki svystavki}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One movement of this piece uses a B major capriccioso to represent children quarrelling in the Tuileries.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd1f", "qanta_id": 20429, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One movement of this piece uses a B major capriccioso to represent children quarrelling in the Tuileries. This piece's second movement uses four measures played \"velocissimo\" and \"con tutta forza\" to recreate the cry of the deformed \"Gnome.\" Maurice Ravel orchestrated this work, one movement of which describes \"The [*] Hut on Fowl's Legs\" that belongs to the witch Baba-Yaga. This piece uses \"promenades\" to represent walking between paintings like The Great Gate of Kiev. Inspired by a showing of Viktor Hartmann's paintings, for 10 points, name this piano suite by Modest Mussorgsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 241 ], [ 242, 377 ], [ 378, 474 ], [ 475, 587 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Washington {Irving}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote a story in which one character becomes a loan shark in hope of gaining Captain Kidd's treasure from a swamp, and in one of his stories two characters vie for the hand of Katrina Van Tassel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Washington_Irving", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd2d", "qanta_id": 20443, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote a story in which one character becomes a loan shark in hope of gaining Captain Kidd's treasure from a swamp, and in one of his stories two characters vie for the hand of Katrina Van Tassel. Many of this man's stories are collected in The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, and he wrote one story about a man who plays nine-pins with ghosts in the Catskills before falling asleep for twenty years. The author of a story in which Brom Bones impersonates a dead Hessian to scare schoolmaster Ichabod Crane, for 10 points, name this author of \"Rip van Winkle\" who wrote about the \"headless horseman\" in \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 407 ], [ 408, 640 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Richard {Wagner}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's operas contains a Hymn for the Roman god Venus, and at the end of that opera, the Pope's staff grows leaves.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Wagner", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd34", "qanta_id": 20450, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's operas contains a Hymn for the Roman god Venus, and at the end of that opera, the Pope's staff grows leaves. Another one of this man's operas has a final aria called the \"Liebestod,\" and that opera describes the affair of King Marke's wife with a knight. In addition to composing Tannhauser and Tristan und Isolde, he also wrote a series of operas, the first of which begins with three maidens next to a river, and another of the operas in that series contains \"The Ride of the Valkyries\". For 10 points, name this German composer whose Das Rheingold begins his Ring of Nibelung cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 272 ], [ 273, 507 ], [ 508, 603 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Stoicism", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One adherent to this philosophy used the word \"prohairesis\" to describe the ability of a person to give or withhold assent to their impressions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stoicism", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd3c", "qanta_id": 20458, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One adherent to this philosophy used the word \"prohairesis\" to describe the ability of a person to give or withhold assent to their impressions. \"Prohairesis\" was a key point in Enchiridion and Discourses, two works written by Epitectus, a proponent of this school of thought. The Late Era of this philosophy included Cleomedes and Seneca the Younger. One work of this philosophical school advises against self-indulgence. Zeno of Citium was the founder of, for 10 points, what movement whose philosophy was described by Marcus Aurelius in his Meditations and which encourages emotional restraint?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 276 ], [ 277, 351 ], [ 352, 422 ], [ 423, 597 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ares", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one story, this god's daughter Alcippe was sexually assaulted by Halirrhothius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ares", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd68", "qanta_id": 20502, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story, this god's daughter Alcippe was sexually assaulted by Halirrhothius. That murder resulted in the first trial in history at a location later called the Rock of this god. In another tale, Otus and Ephialtes, the Aloadae, imprisoned this god in a bronze vessel for over a year, and he was freed from that imprisonment by Hermes. One of this god's sons, Lycaon, was turned into a wolf as punishment for attempting to kill Zeus. Another of this god's sons, Oenomaus, was killed when he flew off his chariot because a bronze bolt was replaced with a wax one. At Troy, Diomedes wounded this god with the help of Athena, and this god attempted to avenge the killing of his daughter Penthesileia by Achilles. In some legends, this god with Harmonia is considered to be the father of the Amazons. For 10 points, name this lover of Aphrodite, the Greek god of war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 182 ], [ 183, 339 ], [ 340, 437 ], [ 438, 566 ], [ 567, 713 ], [ 714, 800 ], [ 801, 867 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Nadine {Gordimer}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's short stories sees Lucas killed when a rifle discharges through the roof of a truck, while another of this author's stories sees a woman inadvertently give a girl a toy containing a bomb which blows up a plane.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd75", "qanta_id": 20515, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's short stories sees Lucas killed when a rifle discharges through the roof of a truck, while another of this author's stories sees a woman inadvertently give a girl a toy containing a bomb which blows up a plane. Both of those stories are from this author's collection Jump, while one of this author's novels sees the main character rename herself \"Hillela\". Another of her novels sees the title character, Rosa, arrested, just like her parents had been. In addition to (*) A Sport of Nature, this author wrote about a man who purchases a 400 acre farm named Mehring in one novel. For ten points, name this author of Burger's Daughter and The Conservationist who wrote about the Smales family in July's People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 231 ], [ 232, 377 ], [ 378, 473 ], [ 474, 599 ], [ 600, 729 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Gerard Manley {Hopkins}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man wrote about a \"a house where all were good\" in one poem, \"In the Valley of the Elwy.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gerard_Manley_Hopkins", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd7a", "qanta_id": 20520, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote about a \"a house where all were good\" in one poem, \"In the Valley of the Elwy.\" This poet calls himself \"Time's eunuch\" in one of his poems and begins another saying he will not, \"carrion comfort, Despair, feast on thee.\" Both those appear in his \"terrible sonnets.\" One of his poems is dedicated to nuns \"exiles by the Falk Laws\" who drowned in a (*) shipwreck, while another sonnet complains that \"all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with toil,\" but that \"for all this, nature is never spent.\" That poem, has meter based solely on stressed syllables, his \"sprung rhythm,\" as seen in lines like \"I caught this morning morning's minion, king- / -dom of daylight's dauphin, dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon.\" For 10 points, name this Jesuit poet of \"God's Grandeur\" and \"The Windhover.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 236 ], [ 237, 280 ], [ 280, 517 ], [ 518, 721 ], [ 722, 799 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Zeeman} Effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a strong field, the magnitude of this effect is determined by m l and m s instead of a coupled quantity m j.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zeeman_effect", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bd86", "qanta_id": 20532, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a strong field, the magnitude of this effect is determined by m l and m s instead of a coupled quantity m j. The anomalous version of this phenomenon can be explained by noting that the magnitude of this effect is proportional to the Bohr Magniton and (*) Lande-g factor, which accounts for both L and S, and led to the discovery of electron spin. A form of this effect occurs in spin-orbit coupling in atomic fine structure. This phenomenon sees a perturbation Hamiltonian break the degeneracy of atomic states with different angular momentum. For 10 points, name this effect where an applied magnetic field causes the splitting of spectral lines, the magnetic analogue of the Stark effect.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 350 ], [ 351, 428 ], [ 429, 547 ], [ 548, 694 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn} [accept either underlined portion]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the foreground of one of this man's paintings, a brown-clad monk reaches forward with a goblet to meet a number of swords.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rembrandt", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bdc2", "qanta_id": 20592, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the foreground of one of this man's paintings, a brown-clad monk reaches forward with a goblet to meet a number of swords. That painting by this man, his largest canvas ever, unexpectedly places a two-tiered blue-and-gold crown on a one-eyed Batavian and was systematically sliced apart in a desperate attempt to sell the fragments. In another of his paintings, an older beret-wearing figure peeks out from behind a curtain to gaze at the title figure, who lies in bed as a golden infant with an anguished expression flies above her. This artist of The (*) Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis and that depiction of Danae painted a work centered on a skullcapped man, who stands in an alcove behind a quintet of hat-wearing men who examine a logbook. Another painting by this artist of Syndics of the Clothmakers' Guild depicts a shadowy dog menacing a drummer on the right, while an illuminated, ethereal girl holds a chicken next to a red-clad man holding a musket. For 10 points, identify this artist who depicted the company of Frans Banning Cocq in his Night Watch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 335 ], [ 336, 536 ], [ 537, 747 ], [ 748, 964 ], [ 965, 1067 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Zoroastrianism} [accept word forms; accept {Ahura Mazdaism} before read]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This religion holds that digging nine holes surrounded by twelve furrows, filling the holes with water, and sprinkling the water ritually on an unclean man will exorcise evil beings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bdde", "qanta_id": 20620, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This religion holds that digging nine holes surrounded by twelve furrows, filling the holes with water, and sprinkling the water ritually on an unclean man will exorcise evil beings. This belief system fears beings that can be thwarted by invocations to Zam, Atar, and Apas, or earth, fire, and water. A set of beings feared by this belief system cannot distinguish between truth and falsehood, known as asha and druj. This religion fears demons called Daevas, the avoidance of which is the subject of the Vendidad, which is part of the holy text called the Avesta. For 10 points, name this dualistic Persian religion that reveres Ahura Mazda.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 301 ], [ 302, 418 ], [ 419, 565 ], [ 566, 643 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sergei {Rachmaninoff}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A D minor work by this composer sees the adagio F sharp minor second movement's transition to the the alla breve finale orchestrated attacca, or without pause, which followed a similar C minor piece, which sees an E flat major theme supplant the half step-filled piano arpeggios.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Rachmaninoff", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bde5", "qanta_id": 20627, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A D minor work by this composer sees the adagio F sharp minor second movement's transition to the the alla breve finale orchestrated attacca, or without pause, which followed a similar C minor piece, which sees an E flat major theme supplant the half step-filled piano arpeggios. A four-note \"signature\" ends both those piano concertos by this man, whose first opera sees the title character marry and then murder the gypsy Zemfira. This composer of Aleko collected Thirteen (*) Preludes, Ten Preludes, and Prelude in C-Sharp Minor into a group covering all twenty-four musical keys. This creator of the formidable Etudes Tableaux used 5/8 time to suggest the act of rowing in a piece inspired by a Bocklin painting, his Isle of the Dead. His characteristic widely-spaced chords are evident in his setting of Poe's The Bells, while his most famous work consists of mostly A minor variations on another man's Caprice No. 24. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Rhapsody on a Theme from Paganini..", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 279 ], [ 280, 432 ], [ 433, 583 ], [ 584, 738 ], [ 739, 923 ], [ 924, 1004 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Kenzaburo Oe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work by this man, the main character, a teacher, is propositioned to help retrieve an ambassador named Delchef who has gone rogue and moved in with a foreign girl.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenzabur\u014d_\u014ce", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bde9", "qanta_id": 20631, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this man, the main character, a teacher, is propositioned to help retrieve an ambassador named Delchef who has gone rogue and moved in with a foreign girl. In another work, one character organizes a group of local villagers into a rebel group disguised as a soccer team. In the former, the central character is reintroduced to a former colleague who is now a third-rate radio producer by Himiko before telling her he got fired from his English teaching job. In the latter work of this author, (*) Takashi pursues a sexual relationship with Natsumi, and Mitsusaburo is disheartened after his friend sticks a cucumber in his anus and hangs himself, while in the former, Bird longs to visit Africa but is held back by his wife and newborn son. Also the author of Nip the Buds, Shoot the Kids, FTP, name this Japanese author of A Personal Matter and The Silent Cry.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 285 ], [ 286, 472 ], [ 473, 511 ], [ 512, 755 ], [ 756, 876 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Kidney}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One disease that destroys this organ is caused by the BK virus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kidney", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bdec", "qanta_id": 20634, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One disease that destroys this organ is caused by the BK virus. An autoimmune disease that causes lung damage by attacking the alpha-3 chain of type IV collagen also attacks this organ, and is named Goodpasture's syndrome. One structure within this organ achieves its function through slit-diaphragms between podocytes, and blood flow through that section is regulated by mesangial cells. Another section of this organ forms a (*) countercurrent exchange system with the vasa recta, and among the hormones that modify the function of this organ include aldosterone and one that causes more aquaporins to be inserted into the membrane of the collecting duct, called vasopressin. The functional unit of this organ contains a proximal and distal convoluted tubules flanking the Loop of Henle; that unit is called the nephron. FTP, name this bean-shaped organ that makes urine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 222 ], [ 223, 388 ], [ 389, 677 ], [ 678, 822 ], [ 823, 873 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Publius {Ovidius} Naso", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author's depiction of women in one work was detailed by E.W. Leach, who argued that this author \"is less interested in the finer aspects of love-longing than in his witty comparison between animal and woman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ovid", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550bdf5", "qanta_id": 20643, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author's depiction of women in one work was detailed by E.W. Leach, who argued that this author \"is less interested in the finer aspects of love-longing than in his witty comparison between animal and woman.\" In that work, this author compared himself to the navigator of the Haemonian ship, Tiphys, and the driver of Achilles' chariot, Automedon. In addition to Ibis, this poet authored a work, which is comprised of letters between women like (*) Penelope and Hypermnestra and their lovers as well as another work, which detailed the festivals of the Roman calendar. This author of Heroides and Fasti spent time in exile near the Black Sea and also composed a work that described the stories of Actaeon and Apollo and Daphne. FTP, name this Roman poet, who authored works like Amores, Ars Amatoria and Metamorphoses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 212, 352 ], [ 353, 573 ], [ 574, 732 ], [ 733, 823 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Cherenkov} radiation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "RICH detectors use this effect to measure the velocity of subatomic particles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cherenkov_radiation", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550be09", "qanta_id": 20663, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "RICH detectors use this effect to measure the velocity of subatomic particles. In a periodic medium, such as the surface of a diffraction grating, this effect requires no minimum velocity. Its spectral intensity is approximately proportional to the frequency, according to the (*) Frank-Tamm formula, so most of its energy is actually in the UV. Observatories such as IceCube and Super-Kamiokande use this effect to detect neutrinos. Created when a particle travels through a medium faster than the local speed of light, for ten points name of this type of radiation characterized by a blue glow in nuclear reactors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 188 ], [ 189, 345 ], [ 346, 433 ], [ 434, 616 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Switzerland} [or {Swiss Confederacy}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The devaluation of this country's \"batzen\" currency led peasants to take up nail-headed clubs in support of the Huttwil League, while its fledgling 19th century infrastructure was forced to care for a neighbor's 80,000-strong Army of the East after the suicide of foreign general Bourbaki.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Switzerland", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550be3f", "qanta_id": 20717, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The devaluation of this country's \"batzen\" currency led peasants to take up nail-headed clubs in support of the Huttwil League, while its fledgling 19th century infrastructure was forced to care for a neighbor's 80,000-strong Army of the East after the suicide of foreign general Bourbaki. Continuing religious tension in this country erupted as the Battles of Villmergen and Sonderbund War, while it backed the Sforzas at Novara and (*) Marignano, where its forces were crushed by Francis I. This country signed the Pact of Brunnen after beating the Hapsburgs at Sempach and Morgarten, where it was represented by the Everlasting League of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden. 1803 saw Napoleon abolish the Helvetic Republic of this country, where Huldrych Zwingli triggered two wars. For 10 points, name this country whose mercenaries defend the Vatican, famed for its neutrality.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 289 ], [ 290, 670 ], [ 671, 778 ], [ 779, 875 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jean {Piaget}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's experiments, a subject was asked to order ten sticks to form a staircase while in another subjects placed ten blue flowers in ten vases and removing them before replacing them with ten pink flowers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Piaget", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550be43", "qanta_id": 20721, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's experiments, a subject was asked to order ten sticks to form a staircase while in another subjects placed ten blue flowers in ten vases and removing them before replacing them with ten pink flowers. This man postulated that people confronted with stimuli can undergo assimilation or accommodation, part of his theory of genetic epistemology. This thinker conducted one experiment in which (*) liquid was poured from a short wide glass into a tall thin glass, illustrating \"conservation.\" He called cognitive systems which aid in organization and understanding \"schema,\" and coined the terms \"concrete operational,\" \"formal operational,\" and \"sensorimotor.\" For 10 points, name this Swiss developmental psychologist who developed a four stage model of cognitive development.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 362 ], [ 363, 508 ], [ 509, 677 ], [ 678, 794 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{black holes} [or event horizon before \"{three parameters}\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Introducing a flat space approximation for their outer regions into their metric yields Rindler geometry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550be71", "qanta_id": 20767, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Introducing a flat space approximation for their outer regions into their metric yields Rindler geometry. One proposed solutions to their information loss problem is the holographic principle. One theorem states that these objects are describable by just three parameters. One type is named for Kerr and their size can be thought of as the (*) Schwarzschild radius. Surrounded by an event horizon, they contain a singularity. They can be formed by the collapse of massive stars. For 10 points, name this objects from which light cannot escape.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 192 ], [ 193, 272 ], [ 273, 365 ], [ 366, 425 ], [ 426, 478 ], [ 479, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{black holes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Charged examples of these objects exhibit an internal boundary named for Cauchy and satisfy the Reissner-Nordstrom metric.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550be72", "qanta_id": 20768, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Charged examples of these objects exhibit an internal boundary named for Cauchy and satisfy the Reissner-Nordstrom metric. A photon sphere can occur near one of these, and the Penrose process seeks to extract energy from their ergospheres. The Lense-Thirring effect describes the frame-dragging produced by a rotating one of these objects subject to the no-hair theorem. Spontaneous pair production results in their emission of Hawking radiation, and the Schwarzchild radius is the distance from the center at which the event horizon occurs. Found at the center of galaxies, for 10 points, name these gravitational singularities from which nothing can escape.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 239 ], [ 240, 370 ], [ 371, 541 ], [ 542, 659 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{black holes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The size of these objects is given by the Schwarzschild (\"SHWARTZ child\") radius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550be74", "qanta_id": 20770, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The size of these objects is given by the Schwarzschild (\"SHWARTZ child\") radius. According to quantum mechanics, these objects emit Hawking radiation. One of them, Sagittarius A Star, sits at the center of our galaxy and has four million times the mass of our sun. For 10 points, what are these objects in outer space from which supposedly nothing, not even light, can escape?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 151 ], [ 152, 265 ], [ 266, 377 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Kurt {Vonnegut}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's works concerns a Burger Chef owner who mistakes a science-fiction book for the literal truth, while foma and granfaloons are elements of Bokononism in a work of his where ice-nine destroys the world.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kurt_Vonnegut", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550be84", "qanta_id": 20786, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's works concerns a Burger Chef owner who mistakes a science-fiction book for the literal truth, while foma and granfaloons are elements of Bokononism in a work of his where ice-nine destroys the world. Another work by this author of Breakfast of Champions centers on an optometrist from Ilium, New York who experiences the firebombing of Dresden in World War II and becomes \"unstuck in time.\" For 10 points, name this author of Cat's Cradle who told the story of Billy Pilgrim in Slaughterhouse-Five.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 408 ], [ 409, 516 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sandro {Botticelli} [accept {Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted a nude woman being chased through a forest and being brutally murdered by a mounted knight at a phantom picnic in a series commissioned for the Pucci-Bini marriage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sandro_Botticelli", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c07a", "qanta_id": 21288, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist depicted a nude woman being chased through a forest and being brutally murdered by a mounted knight at a phantom picnic in a series commissioned for the Pucci-Bini marriage. His innovations include use of the three quarter pose, as in his portrait of Smeralda Bandinelli. A narrative painting by this man shows a woman with a knife in her breast lying at the base of a large central column surmounted by a marble statue of David. Besides The Story of Lucretia, one of his paintings shows twelve angels with (*) olive branches dancing beneath a golden opening in the sky. Another painting shows the Three Graces dancing a roundel and Zephyr attempting to grab Chloris at far right, while Venus stands serenely in the center. For 10 points, name this painter of The Mystical Nativity and Primavera.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 283 ], [ 284, 441 ], [ 442, 582 ], [ 583, 735 ], [ 736, 808 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Arts", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Wystan Hugh Auden", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about geese podging home in a work where \"A church clock subdivides the day\" and \"No bishops pursue their archdeacons with axes in a crumbling lair\" in his poem \"Et in Arcadia Ego.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "W._H._Auden", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c0e8", "qanta_id": 21398, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about geese podging home in a work where \"A church clock subdivides the day\" and \"No bishops pursue their archdeacons with axes in a crumbling lair\" in his poem \"Et in Arcadia Ego.\" In one of this man's works, a radio projects \"Buy a bond. Blood saves Lives. Donate Now. Name this Station.\" In that work's fourth section \"The Dirge,\" the main characters take a cab to an apartment where they dance in a section called \"A Masque.\" One of his poems describes \"barbed (*) wire enclosed an arbitrary slot / where bored officials lounge,\" and repeats \"She looked over his shoulder.\" A long of work of his focuses on Quant, Emble, Malin and Rosetta, and he wrote a poem that describes \"the forsaken cry\" and \"dogs on with their doggy life.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"The Shield of Achilles\" and The Age of Anxiety, who wrote \"Musee des Beaux Arts.\" [Ike]", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 257 ], [ 258, 276 ], [ 277, 288 ], [ 289, 307 ], [ 307, 447 ], [ 448, 595 ], [ 596, 752 ], [ 753, 872 ], [ 872, 877 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Literature", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Charles {Baudelaire}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This author wrote \"the sword is conquered by the pike\" in a poem whose first titular figure's children is told \"your bowels howl with hunger like an old dog.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Baudelaire", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c0fa", "qanta_id": 21416, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote \"the sword is conquered by the pike\" in a poem whose first titular figure's children is told \"your bowels howl with hunger like an old dog.\" Another of his poems sees the title figure claim \"You mounted on the ass and rode along, trampling the flowers and palms beneath your feet\" and that poem begins by asking \"What does God do with that huge storm of curses that rises daily to the Seraphim?\" That first poem addresses the separate races of the two titular (*) Biblical brothers, while that second one is called \"The Denial of St. Peter,\" which appears alongside another poem by this author that describes \"the depths of hell\" where the titular prince of darkness \"vanquished, dreamed in Silence.\" For 10 points, name this author of the poem \"The Litanies of Satan\" which can be found in his Revolt section of the collection Les Fleurs du Mal. [Shantanu]", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 413 ], [ 414, 718 ], [ 719, 865 ], [ 866, 876 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Literature", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Dylan Thomas}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of his poems describes the titular land whose flower and greenwood shield from \"the broomed witch's spume.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dylan_Thomas", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c101", "qanta_id": 21423, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his poems describes the titular land whose flower and greenwood shield from \"the broomed witch's spume.\" He also wrote \"the lips of time leech to the fountain head,\" and \"my sheet goes the same crooked worm.\" That poem describes the titular impetus as one that \"blasts the roots of trees\" and is the speaker's destroyer.\" This author described \" the moon that is always rising\" and \"fire green as grass\" and it describes a time when the speaker was \"green and carefree.\" That poem ends with the speaker singing \"in my chains like the sea\" and describes (*) \"Adam and the maiden.\" In another poem, he describes \"frail deeds [that] might have danced in a green bay\" and words that \"forked no lightning.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"The Force that Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower\" that asked us to \"rage, rage, against the dying of the light\" in his \"Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night.\" [Ike]", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 214 ], [ 214, 327 ], [ 327, 328 ], [ 329, 477 ], [ 478, 565 ], [ 565, 585 ], [ 585, 708 ], [ 709, 911 ], [ 912, 917 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Literature", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{triangle}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The Euler (\"OIL-er\") line passes through the orthocenter (\"OR-tho-SEN-ter\"), circumcenter, and centroid (\"SEN-troyd\") in this figure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Triangle", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c149", "qanta_id": 21495, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Euler (\"OIL-er\") line passes through the orthocenter (\"OR-tho-SEN-ter\"), circumcenter, and centroid (\"SEN-troyd\") in this figure. The area of this polygon can be found by halving the product of two sides and the sine of the angle opposite of the third side or by simply using Heron's formula. It is the only polygon that cannot be concave, because its angles must add to 180 degrees. For 10 points, name this polygon with three sides.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 296 ], [ 297, 387 ], [ 388, 438 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Moon", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "One theory of this entity's creation states that a Mars-sized body named Theia (\"THEE-uh\") collided with its parent planet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moon", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c14c", "qanta_id": 21498, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One theory of this entity's creation states that a Mars-sized body named Theia (\"THEE-uh\") collided with its parent planet. This object exhibits synchronous (\"SIN-kro-nuss\") rotation with its parent planet, and that rotation results in the namesake \"dark side\" of this object. The Sea of Tranquility lies on, for 10 points, what astronomical body responsible for the Earth's tides, its largest natural satellite?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 276 ], [ 277, 412 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Romeo} and {Juliet}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This play's opening brawl is started by Gregory and Samson. Later in this play, Friar John fails to deliver a letter written by Friar Lawrence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romeo_and_Juliet", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c15f", "qanta_id": 21517, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This play's opening brawl is started by Gregory and Samson. Later in this play, Friar John fails to deliver a letter written by Friar Lawrence. Mercutio is killed by Tybalt in Act III of this play. This play features the feud between the Montagues (\"MON-tay-gyooz\") and the Capulets. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare tragedy, depicting a doomed romance between the two title \"star-crossed lovers.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 197 ], [ 198, 283 ], [ 284, 401 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Waterloo}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "During this battle, Marshal Ney led a cavalry assault that was turned back by infantry squares on the road to Brussels.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Waterloo", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c17d", "qanta_id": 21547, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During this battle, Marshal Ney led a cavalry assault that was turned back by infantry squares on the road to Brussels. It ended with the repulse of an attack by grenadiers of the Imperial Guard and the arrival of Blucher's (\"BLUE-kers\") Prussian army, which saved a combined force of Dutch and British led by the Duke of Wellington. For 10 points, name this 1815 battle, the final defeat of Napoleon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 237 ], [ 238, 333 ], [ 334, 401 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William {Faulkner}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "In this author's first Pulitzer Prize-winning work, the Generalissimo orders the execution of Corporal Zsettslani (\"SET-slah-nee\").", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Faulkner", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c17e", "qanta_id": 21548, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this author's first Pulitzer Prize-winning work, the Generalissimo orders the execution of Corporal Zsettslani (\"SET-slah-nee\"). His second Pulitzer-winning novel revolves around Lucius Priest, a resident of Yoknapatawpha (\"YOCK-NAH-puh-TAH-fuh\") County. This author wrote novels about Thomas Sutpen and about the death of Addie Bundren. For 10 points, name this American author of Absalom! Absalom!, As I Lay Dying, and The Sound and the Fury.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 257 ], [ 258, 340 ], [ 341, 393 ], [ 394, 403 ], [ 404, 447 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Chile}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "Early in January 2010, copper miners working for Codelco in this nation ended a strike.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chile", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c182", "qanta_id": 21552, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Early in January 2010, copper miners working for Codelco in this nation ended a strike. The government of this country was criticized for utilizing the military to restore order, citing the oppression of former president Augusto Pinochet (\"PIN-oh-shay\"). It is led by outgoing president Michelle Bachelet (\"BASH-uh-lay\"). For 10 points, name this South American country, which recently was struck by a devastating earthquake.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 254 ], [ 255, 321 ], [ 322, 425 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Fran\u00e7ois-Auguste-Ren\u00e9 {Rodin} (roh-DAN)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist's depiction of the god Iris is missing both an arm and a head and was incorporated into The Apotheosis of Victor Hugo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c18f", "qanta_id": 21565, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist's depiction of the god Iris is missing both an arm and a head and was incorporated into The Apotheosis of Victor Hugo. Romantically involved with the sculptor Camille Claudel, he also created a monument to the martyrs of a French city besieged during the Hundred Years' War, The Burghers of Calais (kuh-LAY). This sculptor's The Gates of Hell includes miniature versions of The Kiss and a sculpture of Dante resting his chin on a clenched fist. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 320 ], [ 321, 456 ], [ 457, 513 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Henry Wadsworth {Longfellow}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "In one poem, this writer depicted the blacksmith named Basil as the father of Gabriel, who is the sweetheart of the title daughter of Benedict.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c1a7", "qanta_id": 21589, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem, this writer depicted the blacksmith named Basil as the father of Gabriel, who is the sweetheart of the title daughter of Benedict. In another poem, this writer depicted the evil magician named Pearl-Feather who is defeated by a title Native American. For 10 points, name this American writer who wrote Evangeline and The Song of Hiawatha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 263 ], [ 264, 351 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{prime} numbers [or {primes}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer can be uniquely represented as a product of these numbers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prime_number", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c1ae", "qanta_id": 21596, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer can be uniquely represented as a product of these numbers. Special types of these numbers are named after Fermat (\"fur-MAHT\") and Mersenne (\"mur-SEN\"). To find these numbers, one may use the Sieve of Eratosthenes (air-uh-TOSS- then-eez\"), in which one crosses off all multiples of two, then all multiples of three, and so on. For 10 points, give these numbers whose only factors are one and themselves.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 224 ], [ 225, 398 ], [ 399, 475 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Don Quixote} de la Mancha", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The wife of one character in this novel is named Teresa Cascajo (\"cas-CAH-ho\").", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c1b5", "qanta_id": 21603, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The wife of one character in this novel is named Teresa Cascajo (\"cas-CAH-ho\"). That character's donkey is named Dapple and accompanies Rocinante (\"ro-sin-AHN-tay\"), the nag of this novel's protagonist. A long-legged paunchy rustic named Sancho Panza is the squire of the title character. For 10 points, name this novel by Miguel de Cervantes (\"ser-VAHN-tayss\") in which a chivalry-obsessed title character tilts at windmills.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 202 ], [ 203, 288 ], [ 289, 426 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{carbon} [or {C} before given]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This element's allotropes include nanotubes and fullerenes. Another allotrope of this element consists of thin hexagonal sheets and is known as graphite.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carbon", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c1bf", "qanta_id": 21613, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This element's allotropes include nanotubes and fullerenes. Another allotrope of this element consists of thin hexagonal sheets and is known as graphite. This element is bound to four hydrogen atoms in methane. For 10 points, name this element that makes up diamonds, which has atomic number six and symbol C.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 210 ], [ 211, 309 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Mexico", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "In 1822, the House of Iturbide (\"EE-tur-BEE-day\") assumed control of this nation for one year.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c1d1", "qanta_id": 21631, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1822, the House of Iturbide (\"EE-tur-BEE-day\") assumed control of this nation for one year. This nation was ruled by an Austrian emperor installed by Napoleon III, Maximilian, although he was overthrown by Benito Juarez (\"WAHR-ezz\"). The Gadsden Purchase bought land from this country, whose victory at Puebla (\"PWAY-bluh\") is celebrated as Cinco de Mayo. For 10 points, identify this nation that once owned California and Texas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 236 ], [ 237, 358 ], [ 359, 432 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Alexander} the {Great} [or {Alexander} III; prompt on partial answer]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man defeated an enemy of Taxiles at a location now known as the Jhelum [JEY-luhm] River.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c237", "qanta_id": 21733, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man defeated an enemy of Taxiles at a location now known as the Jhelum [JEY-luhm] River. A conspiracy to kill this man led to the executions of Philotas and Parmenion. His friend Hephaestion died at Ecbatana [ek-BAH-tah-nah], and he regretted murdering Cleitus, who saved his life at the Battle of the Granicus River. This man helped his father at the Battle of Chaeronea [ker-uh-NEE-uh], and his rival successors were known as the Diadochi. This man defeated Darius III at the battles of Gaugamela and Issus [IS-uhs] in the fourth century BC. For 10 points, name this son of Philip II of Macedon who rode the horse Bucephalus, and cut the Gordian knot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 172 ], [ 173, 322 ], [ 323, 376 ], [ 377, 446 ], [ 447, 513 ], [ 514, 548 ], [ 549, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John {Keats}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The speaker of one poem by this author felt like \"some watcher of the skies / When a new planet swims into his ken.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Keats", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c241", "qanta_id": 21743, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The speaker of one poem by this author felt like \"some watcher of the skies / When a new planet swims into his ken.\" In another poem by this author, a knight at arms is taken to an elfin grot and dreams of seeing \"pale kings, and princes too.\" This poet of \"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer\" and \"La Belle Dame sans Merci\" wrote another poem that addresses the titular object as an \"unravish'd bride of quietness,\" and declares that \"Beauty is truth, truth beauty.\" For 10 points, name this English poet who wrote \"Ode on a Grecian Urn.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 115, 243 ], [ 244, 470 ], [ 471, 542 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{entropy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The change in this quantity is approximately the same for all liquids at their boiling temperature according to Trouton's rule.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c243", "qanta_id": 21745, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The change in this quantity is approximately the same for all liquids at their boiling temperature according to Trouton's rule. Taking the negative partial derivative of the Helmholtz free energy with respect to temperature gives this quantity, which can be calculated for ideal gases by the Sackur-Tetrode equation. Equal to the Boltzmann constant times the natural log of the number of microstates, this quantity can be decreased by the hypothetical Maxwell's demon. The second law of thermodynamics states all spontaneous processes lead to an increase in this property for the universe. For 10 points, name this property that measures the disorder in a system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 316 ], [ 317, 468 ], [ 469, 589 ], [ 590, 663 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Inca", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One version of this culture's creation myth states that a dragon goddess created the first man and woman from clay.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c245", "qanta_id": 21747, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One version of this culture's creation myth states that a dragon goddess created the first man and woman from clay. The better-known version suggests that a creator deity first made a race of giants but destroyed them with a flood when they became disobedient. That creator deity, Viracocha, fathered the sun god Inti, whose own son emerged from the cave Pacariqtambo to found this race. That founder was Manco Capac, who is also sometimes said to have risen from Lake Titicaca. FTP in what culture's mythos is Manco said to have established the city of Cuzco?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 260 ], [ 261, 312 ], [ 313, 387 ], [ 388, 478 ], [ 479, 560 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Heisenberg {uncertainty} principle [or principle of indeterminacy]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This principle can be derived using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and Robertson-Schr\u00f6dinger relation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncertainty_principle", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c249", "qanta_id": 21751, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This principle can be derived using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and Robertson-Schr\u00f6dinger relation. The namesake of this principle devised a thought experiment involving a gamma-ray microscope to illustrate it. The term Planck's constant divided by four appears in an inequality associated with this principle, which is valid for any pair of observables whose operators do not commute, such as energy and time. The standard form of this principle states it is impossible to simultaneously measure both the position and momentum of a particle with perfect accuracy. For 10 points, name this principle formulated by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 212 ], [ 213, 412 ], [ 413, 566 ], [ 567, 655 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Wole {Soyinka}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author once quipped that the \"zebra does not brag of its zebra-tude\" in criticizing the concept of Negritude, supporters of which attacked this author's A Dance of the Forests for its use of what they called \"European techniques.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wole_Soyinka", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c251", "qanta_id": 21759, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author once quipped that the \"zebra does not brag of its zebra-tude\" in criticizing the concept of Negritude, supporters of which attacked this author's A Dance of the Forests for its use of what they called \"European techniques.\" The disorienting effect of colonial intrusion into Yoruban life is chronicled in this author's works, including Kongi's Harvest and Death and the King's Horseman. In the US he's best known for a work in which Baroka, the first title figure, woos Sidi, the second, from the modern but pathetically ineffective Lakunle. FTP name this winner of the 1986 Nobel Prize in literature, the Nigerian author of The Lion and the Jewel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 234 ], [ 234, 398 ], [ 399, 553 ], [ 554, 660 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{plasma}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This substance contains a several Debye lengths layer known as the Debye sheath.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Plasma_(physics)", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c262", "qanta_id": 21776, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This substance contains a several Debye lengths layer known as the Debye sheath. The temperature of one part of this substance can be measured using a Langmuir probe, and the transfer of energy between particles and the wave results in Landau damping. A traveling oscillation that propagates in the direction of the magnetic field, known as an Alfven wave, can be found in this substance, which is confined by a magnetic field in a donut-shaped tube called a tokamak. Present in a fluorescent light bulb, it is also located in fusion reactors and the interior of the sun. For 10 points, name this ionized gas that is often called the fourth state of matter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 251 ], [ 252, 467 ], [ 468, 571 ], [ 572, 657 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Franz {Boas}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In his role as curator of ethnology at The American Museum of Natural History, this man pioneered the use of dioramas, presenting perhaps the first one ever, depicting the Hamatsa dance of a people he studied.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Boas", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c282", "qanta_id": 21808, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In his role as curator of ethnology at The American Museum of Natural History, this man pioneered the use of dioramas, presenting perhaps the first one ever, depicting the Hamatsa dance of a people he studied. That people's potlatch ceremonies were described by this man in a book in which he coined the term \"cultural relativism.\" Besides studying the Kwakiutl, this man created the first collegiate department of anthropology at Columbia, where he taught luminaries like Zora Neale Hurston and Margaret Mead. FTP who is this author of The Mind of Primitive Man?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 331 ], [ 332, 510 ], [ 511, 563 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Orpheus} [or {Orfeo}; or {Orphee}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Mask of this figure is an opera by Harrison Birtwistle. This figure sings the aria \"Che faro\" in an opera that includes the \"Dance of the Blessed Spirits.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Orpheus", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c2a3", "qanta_id": 21841, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Mask of this figure is an opera by Harrison Birtwistle. This figure sings the aria \"Che faro\" in an opera that includes the \"Dance of the Blessed Spirits.\" This figure sings the aria \"Tu se morta\" in another opera that was first performed in 1607. An opera named for this figure begins with Public Opinion introducing some characters who later dance the can-can. This figure is the title character of those operas by Gluck, Monteverdi, and Offenbach. For 10 points, name this figure from Greek myth who travels to the underworld to retrieve his wife Eurydice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 158, 251 ], [ 252, 366 ], [ 367, 454 ], [ 455, 563 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Nathaniel {Hawthorne}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One novel by this author has the subtitle \"The Romance of Monte Beni,\" and centers on Kenyon, Hilda, and Miriam, who are American art students in Italy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nathaniel_Hawthorne", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c2a6", "qanta_id": 21844, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One novel by this author has the subtitle \"The Romance of Monte Beni,\" and centers on Kenyon, Hilda, and Miriam, who are American art students in Italy. In addition to The Marble Faun, this author wrote a short story in which the title character sees his wife Faith and clergy member Deacon Gookin at an evil forest ceremony. This author of \"Young Goodman Brown\" also wrote a novel in which Mistress Hibbins meets the Black Man in the forest, Roger Chillingworth seeks revenge, and Hester Prynne wears the titular patch of fabric. For 10 points, name this author of The Scarlet Letter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 325 ], [ 326, 530 ], [ 531, 585 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{antibodies} [or {antibody}; or {immunoglobulins}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protease papain cleaves their Fc portion from their Fab portion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antibody", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c2b1", "qanta_id": 21855, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protease papain cleaves their Fc portion from their Fab portion. The antinuclear type of these molecules is present in sufferers of lupus. They can participate in opsonization, and ELISA can be used to determine their concentration. These Y-shaped molecules consist of two heavy chains and two light chains. Hybridomas are needed to produce the monoclonal type, which are specific for the same epitope. Part of the humoral response, they are secreted by B cells. For 10 points, name these proteins that bind to a specific antigen in an immune response.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 142 ], [ 143, 236 ], [ 237, 311 ], [ 312, 406 ], [ 407, 466 ], [ 467, 556 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Moby} Dick", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work describes how a captain touching down at Rokovoko mistakes a coconut water-containing punchbowl for a wash basin at his sister's wedding.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moby-Dick", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c2ba", "qanta_id": 21864, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work describes how a captain touching down at Rokovoko mistakes a coconut water-containing punchbowl for a wash basin at his sister's wedding. Though it is not Harry Potter, another character in this work has a white scar in the shape of a lightning bolt. Among the named characters in this work is five foot tall negro named Pip who has gone mad and Stubb, the second mate hung up on predestination. The noble savage archetype is embodied in a character whose coffin saves the narrator when the ship wrecks, the harpooner Queequeg. For 10 points, name this work set on the Pequod opening with the line \"I am Ishmael\" and which details Ahab's quest for the title whale, written by Herman Melville.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 277 ], [ 278, 422 ], [ 423, 554 ], [ 555, 719 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Indigenous values in this country were developed by the Taman Siswa, and its national ideology is Pancasila.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c2f3", "qanta_id": 21921, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Indigenous values in this country were developed by the Taman Siswa, and its national ideology is Pancasila. This country was home to the Bandung Conference in 1955. Mohammad Hatta was the vice-president of this country's first president, who established a \"guided democracy,\" and whose daughter Megawati also served as president. East Timor became independent of this country in 2002, the same year a terrorist bombing at a night club in Bali occurred. For 10 points, name this country whose first two presidents were Sukarno and Suharto.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 165 ], [ 166, 330 ], [ 331, 453 ], [ 454, 539 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Madame Bovary} [or {Emma Bovary}; or {Emma Rouault}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This literary character desires a midnight wedding, becomes fixated on a green silk cigar case, and receives a letter at the bottom of a basket of apricots.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c2f4", "qanta_id": 21922, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This literary character desires a midnight wedding, becomes fixated on a green silk cigar case, and receives a letter at the bottom of a basket of apricots. This woman is followed by a blind beggar when pretending to take piano lessons, and fails to seduce a tax collector who makes napkin rings on a lathe. She convinces her husband Charles to perform surgery on the clubfooted Hippolyte, and becomes in debt to Lheureux as a result of her affair with Leon. For 10 points, name this woman who commits suicide by consuming arsenic in a Gustave Flaubert novel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 307 ], [ 308, 458 ], [ 459, 559 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Portugal}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This nation is home to translator Claude Pasteur and the Baron of Teive, who wrote The Education of a Stoic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Portugal", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c314", "qanta_id": 21954, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation is home to translator Claude Pasteur and the Baron of Teive, who wrote The Education of a Stoic. One character from this nation reads Herbert Quain's The God of the Labyrinth and is based on the author of The Book of Disquiet. In addition to Ricardo Reis, another author from this nation described the mass media event of the government trying to use concrete to plug a hole in the Pyrenees after Iberia breaks off from Europe. Another novel by that author from this nation follows the Doctor's Wife, who is not afflicted with the titular condition. For 10 points, name this country home to the author of The Stone Raft and Blindness, Jose Saramago.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 238 ], [ 239, 439 ], [ 440, 561 ], [ 562, 661 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country's highest waterfall is the Sutherland Falls, while its easternmost point can be found on a group of islands called The Forty-Fours.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_Zealand", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c32a", "qanta_id": 21976, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's highest waterfall is the Sutherland Falls, while its easternmost point can be found on a group of islands called The Forty-Fours. The most recent edition of the Corruption Perceptions Index claims it is the least corrupt country in the world. Its Chatham Islands are found on its border with the Pacific Ocean, and pohutukawa trees are native to this country. Volcanoes in this country include Taranaki and Ruapehu. This country's tallest mountain is the Aoraki and is situated in its Southern Alps. The Maori represent approximately ten percent of the population of this country, whose large cities include Christchurch and Auckland. For 10 points, identify this nation with a capital at Wellington.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 257 ], [ 258, 374 ], [ 375, 430 ], [ 431, 514 ], [ 515, 649 ], [ 650, 715 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "One {Hundred Years} of Solitude or {Cien A\u00f1os} de Soledad", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this book's last chapters, one character learns that prophecies written in Sanskrit will become readable when they are a century old.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c32d", "qanta_id": 21979, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this book's last chapters, one character learns that prophecies written in Sanskrit will become readable when they are a century old. Another chapter describes the residents of a town putting labels on everyday objects, culminating with a sign that reads \"God Exists\" after they all get insomnia. The opening scene of this novel sees a member of the central group at a firing squad recall his father discovering ice with him. Later on, the beautiful Remedios ascends to heaven while in the midst of folding laundry. For 10 points, name this novel that traces the Buendia family's progress while in Macondo, the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 306 ], [ 307, 435 ], [ 436, 525 ], [ 526, 659 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Neptune}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Smorovsky et. al. have argued for the broadening of cloud bands on this body as evidence of changing seasons.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neptune", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c32f", "qanta_id": 21981, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Smorovsky et. al. have argued for the broadening of cloud bands on this body as evidence of changing seasons. Certain objects which are not controlled by orbital resonance with this body are called cubewanos. Its existence was first hypothesized by Alexis Bouvard, and Urbain Le Verrier was the first to calculate its position. One of its satellites features \u2018canteloupe terrain' and exhibits cryovolcanism. It features the strongest winds of any planet, with speeds of up to 2,000 km/hr measured around the Great Dark Spot. For 10 points, name this body whose largest satellite is Triton, and is now the outermost planet in the solar system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 208 ], [ 209, 327 ], [ 328, 407 ], [ 408, 524 ], [ 525, 642 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William {James}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He rebutted the moralist views of W.K. Clifford in an essay which categorizes live, forced, and momentous options.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_James", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c335", "qanta_id": 21987, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He rebutted the moralist views of W.K. Clifford in an essay which categorizes live, forced, and momentous options. He's the first namesake of a theory which states that emotions result from the perception of a physiological stimulus, rather than emotions preceding autonomic responses. One of his essays asks whether a man chasing a squirrel around a tree is by definition \"going round\" the squirrel. This author of \"The Will to Believe\" and The Principles of Psychology argued that \"truth\" is only what is most expedient to believe. He collected his Gifford Lectures at Edinburgh as The Varieties of Religious Experience, and his Lowell lectures were collected as a work which shares its name with a movement started by C.S. Peirce. For 10 points, name this American philosopher who wrote Pragmatism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 285 ], [ 286, 400 ], [ 401, 533 ], [ 534, 733 ], [ 734, 801 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{George III}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This person wrote several articles under the pen name of Ralph Robinson.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c338", "qanta_id": 21990, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This person wrote several articles under the pen name of Ralph Robinson. Margaret Nicholson was among the attempted assassins of this person, who appointed John Stuart, the Earl of Bute, as Prime Minister. This monarch, mocked by John Wilkes, later refused to support a repeal of the Papists Act as desired by Lord George Gordon. In a conflict which took place during the ministry of Lord North, this king was described as having \"affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.\" Porphyria is speculated to have caused his famous madness. For 10 points, name this king of England whose reign saw the Napoleonic Wars and the American Revolution.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 205 ], [ 206, 329 ], [ 330, 510 ], [ 510, 570 ], [ 571, 676 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At the end of his life, this composer wrote a string sextet in D Major using imagery from Italy called Souvenirs from Florence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c34f", "qanta_id": 22013, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the end of his life, this composer wrote a string sextet in D Major using imagery from Italy called Souvenirs from Florence. He used Mendelssohn's Venetian boat songs from Songs Without Words for one of his pieces called June, which is part of twelve programmatic pieces he called The Seasons. The second movement of one of this composer's symphonies is in 5/4 time and its last movement starts \"with a cry and ends with a moan.\" This composer of the Manfred Symphony,\u00a0wrote\u00a0a work featuring cannon shots to celebrate his country's defeat of Napoleon.\u00a0For 10 points, identify this Russian composer of Symphony Pathetique and the 1812 Overture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 296 ], [ 297, 432 ], [ 433, 554 ], [ 555, 646 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Carbon Dioxide} or {CO2}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The transformation of calcite into quicklime gives off this molecule.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carbon_dioxide", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c361", "qanta_id": 22031, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The transformation of calcite into quicklime gives off this molecule. The symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes of this molecule show up at 1480 and 2565 wavenumbers, respectively. This molecule, which belongs to the D sub infinity h symmetry group, is used as a solvent in decaffeination reactions. The Keeling Curve gives the concentration of this molecule in the atmosphere. Removing this molecule from histidine gives histamine, and adding it to a solution of Grignard reagents is a common carboxylation method. It's a linear molecule with two double bonds, and it is the primary cause of global warming. For 10 points, name this gaseous molecule which is present in soft drinks and which humans exchange for oxygen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 187 ], [ 188, 306 ], [ 307, 384 ], [ 385, 522 ], [ 523, 615 ], [ 616, 727 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sikhism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One leader of this faith was so kind-hearted he dug six Persian wells for some peasants to irrigate their fields.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c367", "qanta_id": 22037, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One leader of this faith was so kind-hearted he dug six Persian wells for some peasants to irrigate their fields. Its founder, born in the 15th century, heavily emphasized the concept of Nam Japo and Kirat Karo, the former of which is the chanting of waheguru. Its main religious text was written in the Gumurkhi script and was appointed to be its eleventh leader. Adherents of this religion are bound to wear the five Ks, including Kes, or uncut hair, Kaccha, or undergarment, and Kirpan, or dagger. All female adherents to it carry the name Kaur, and it is split into two main groups, the Digimbara and the Svetembara. For 10 points, identify this religion of India whose leaders were gurus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 260 ], [ 261, 364 ], [ 365, 500 ], [ 501, 620 ], [ 621, 693 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{superconductor}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The magnetic field of these objects can be described using the London equations, and they can be described mathematically with the Ginzburg-Landau theory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Superconductivity", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c36b", "qanta_id": 22041, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The magnetic field of these objects can be described using the London equations, and they can be described mathematically with the Ginzburg-Landau theory. One theory describing them notes that electrons below the Fermi level can bind together to form Cooper pairs. YBCO is notable for acting as one of these materials above the boiling point of nitrogen. These materials experience an expulsion of their magnetic field in a phenomenon known as the Meissner effect and can be described by the BCS theory. For 10 points, name this type of material, which as its name suggests has an electrical resistivity of zero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 264 ], [ 265, 354 ], [ 355, 503 ], [ 504, 612 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{superconductors} [prompt on {superconductivity}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One type of these devices includes perovskites. An alloy of lead and bismuth was not recognized as one of these until the discovery of the Meissner Effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Superconductivity", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c372", "qanta_id": 22048, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One type of these devices includes perovskites. An alloy of lead and bismuth was not recognized as one of these until the discovery of the Meissner Effect. Cooper pairs are involved the BCS Theory that describes how another type of these devices work. Those (*) Type I devices exhibit perfect diamagnetism, and can only work below a low critical temperature. For 10 points, name these devices that lack electrical resistance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 251 ], [ 252, 358 ], [ 359, 425 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Bertrand {Russell}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One text by this thinker imagines the Catholic Church telling an inexperienced girl and a syphilitic man \"you must endure celibacy or stay together,\" and is found in its section \"How the Churches Have Retarded Progress.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c380", "qanta_id": 22062, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One text by this thinker imagines the Catholic Church telling an inexperienced girl and a syphilitic man \"you must endure celibacy or stay together,\" and is found in its section \"How the Churches Have Retarded Progress.\" That work ends with a section called \"What We Must Do\" and expresses his decision on why he is not a Christian. Another notable work by this author, written with his teacher, attempted to express mathematics through axiomatic logic and introduces his namesake paradox regarding sets.\u00a0For 10 points, name this 20th century British philosopher, the co-author of Principia Mathematica with Alfred North Whitehead.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 220 ], [ 221, 332 ], [ 333, 504 ], [ 505, 631 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Franz} ({Ferenc}) {Liszt}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this man's works was intended for a Goethe play about the author of \"Jerusalem Delivered,\" and he also wrote a Concerto Pathetique\u00a0for two pianos After studying under Carl Czerny, he composed works like \"Tasso, Lament and Triumph,\" and a work which he premiered with Berlioz conducting, his First Piano Concerto in E-flat Major.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Liszt", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c382", "qanta_id": 22064, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's works was intended for a Goethe play about the author of \"Jerusalem Delivered,\" and he also wrote a Concerto Pathetique\u00a0for two pianos After studying under Carl Czerny, he composed works like \"Tasso, Lament and Triumph,\" and a work which he premiered with Berlioz conducting, his First Piano Concerto in E-flat Major. He compressed four movements into a single sonata form in his Piano Sonata in B minor, and his symphonic poems include Les Preludes. \"Will-o-the-Wisp\" is one of his twelve ultra-hard Transcendental Etudes, and this man is also known for a set of 19 piano pieces based on native folk themes including the Rakoczy march. For 10 points, name this virtuoso pianist who composed the Hungarian Rhapsodies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 335 ], [ 336, 468 ], [ 469, 654 ], [ 655, 735 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Aztecs", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "These peoples believed that men and women were created by a war god who needed to offer human flesh to the sun to quench its hunger.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aztec", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c397", "qanta_id": 22085, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These peoples believed that men and women were created by a war god who needed to offer human flesh to the sun to quench its hunger. That god that they worshipped lost a foot battling a crocodile in order to create the world only to replace that foot with a magic obsidian mirror. One goddess venerated by these people wore a necklace of hearts and skeletons and was impregnated by a ball of feathers. That impregnation led to a god worshipped by these people who often warred with Tezcatlipoca and is known as a \"feathered serpent.\" For 10 points, which people's myth system includes Quetzalcoatl?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 280 ], [ 281, 401 ], [ 402, 532 ], [ 532, 533 ], [ 534, 598 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "David {Ricardo}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In 1818 this figure was called forth to testify to a committee led by Serjeant Onslow to state why he wanted the usury laws of England to be repealed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Ricardo", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c3c2", "qanta_id": 22128, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1818 this figure was called forth to testify to a committee led by Serjeant Onslow to state why he wanted the usury laws of England to be repealed. One of this writer's works, which were heavily edited by Paul Sraffa, is a discussion using examples of Portugese wine and English cloth. He called for the adoption of a metal rather than paper currency in his \"The High Price of Bullion.\" This thinker was also an opponent of trade protectionism and wrote \"Essay on the Influence of a Low Price of Corn on the Profits of Stock.\" He also proposed an iron law of wages. For 10 points, identify this economist who formulated the concept of comparative advantage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 288 ], [ 289, 389 ], [ 390, 529 ], [ 530, 568 ], [ 569, 660 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Nikita {Krushchev}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Boleslaw Bierut died while listening to one of this man's speeches.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikita_Khrushchev", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c3d1", "qanta_id": 22143, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Boleslaw Bierut died while listening to one of this man's speeches. This person was given the rank of lieutenant general in 1941 and helped Marshal Yeremenko defend Stalingrad. Championed by Lazar Kaganovich, he delivered a speech about the personality cult and its consequences, shortly around the time the Anti-Party group tried to depose him. Becoming leader of his country after fighting with Georgy Malenkov, his ascent led to a period of time in which gulag political prisoners were released and many art works were allowed to be published. For 10 points, name the shoe-banging enthusiast and premier of the USSR from 1958-64 that thawed out the Soviet Union after Stalin's death.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 176 ], [ 177, 345 ], [ 346, 546 ], [ 547, 686 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John {Steinbeck}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One book by this author features an early chapter describing how a woman veers to avoid a turtle, but it is eventually hit by a truck driver and flipped onto its back.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Steinbeck", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c3d3", "qanta_id": 22145, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One book by this author features an early chapter describing how a woman veers to avoid a turtle, but it is eventually hit by a truck driver and flipped onto its back. One of this author's novels, subtitled \"A Fabrication\" is named for its motorscooter enthusiast protagonist, an astronomer that becomes the king of France. Another of his novels, which ends with the protagonist saying \"timshel,\" includes many characters whose names begin with the letters \"C\" and \"A,\" such as Cyrus and Adam Trask. Jim Casy comes to visit the protagonist of another of his works, before he leaves his native Oklahoma. For 10 points, name this author of East of Eden who wrote about the Joad family in\u00a0The Grapes of Wrath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 323 ], [ 324, 499 ], [ 500, 602 ], [ 603, 706 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Incan} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This polity's southern advance during the late 15th\u00a0century was initiated by a ruler whose name meant \"world-shaker\", and that ruler managed to conquer the Kingdom of Chimor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c3d6", "qanta_id": 22148, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This polity's southern advance during the late 15th\u00a0century was initiated by a ruler whose name meant \"world-shaker\", and that ruler managed to conquer the Kingdom of Chimor. That expansion campaign was halted by the defeat of their general Sinchiruca at the Battle of the Maule. This empire's name meant \"The Four United Regions\", and it was divided into northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest provinces, each with its own leader that reported to the Sapa. The War of the Two Brothers was a succession crisis in this empire, which saw its downfall at the Battle of Cajamarca. Its final ruler assumed the throne after defeating his brother Huascar, and offered a conqueror a room full of gold in an attempt to secure his freedom. For 10 points, name this empire ruled by Atahualpa and conquered by Franciso Pizzaro, which was found in modern-day Peru.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 279 ], [ 280, 465 ], [ 466, 584 ], [ 585, 737 ], [ 738, 859 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Thatcher}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This politician gave a speech noting \"some socialists seem to believe that people should be numbers in a State computer,\" the Free Society Speech.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Thatcher", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c3d8", "qanta_id": 22150, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This politician gave a speech noting \"some socialists seem to believe that people should be numbers in a State computer,\" the Free Society Speech. One of this politician's cabinet members resigned during a scandal that was brought about because of a desire to merge Sikorsky with the Westland manufacturer of helicopters. With Deng Xiaoping this politician signed an agreement that would return Hong Kong to China in 1997. Succeeded by John Major, this leader became largely unpopular when proposing a Poll Tax in Britain. For 10 points, identify this woman known as the \"Iron Lady,\" the only female Prime Minister of the UK.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 321 ], [ 322, 422 ], [ 423, 522 ], [ 523, 625 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Franz {Schubert}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One song by this composer is based on The Lady of the Lake, and its original German text is often replaced with a Latin one.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Schubert", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c3e0", "qanta_id": 22158, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One song by this composer is based on The Lady of the Lake, and its original German text is often replaced with a Latin one. Besides \"Ellen's Third Song,\" this composer also wrote a work whose narrator obsesses over the color green and throws himself in a brook, and a song whose vocal line climaxes on lyrics about kissing while the piano mimics the title object. The former is Die sch\u00f6ne M\u00fcllerin. In one of his works, the performer sings in different ranges and modes to play all four characters: the narrator, the father, the child, and the supernatural title character. Known for lieder such as \"Gretchen am Spinnrade\" and \"Der Erlk\u00f6nig,\" this is, for 10 points, what composer of \"Death and the Maiden\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 364 ], [ 365, 399 ], [ 400, 574 ], [ 575, 708 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Romance} of the {Three Kingdoms}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One chapter in this novel begins with one man's troops salivating over imaginary crisp sour plums quenching their own thirst.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c3e2", "qanta_id": 22160, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One chapter in this novel begins with one man's troops salivating over imaginary crisp sour plums quenching their own thirst. Another chapter in this work describes an army trapped in an array of stones laid by the opposing commander. Important weapons in this work include the Sword of the Seven Gems, and it features its central figures swearing on a Peach Tree while in a garden. Most scholars agree it was written by the author of Water Margin during the Yuan Dynasty. Beginning with\u00a0the Yellow Turban Rebellion and describing the personages of militaristic figures like Cao Cao, for 10 points, name this early Chinese novel that is one of the four Chinese Classics, set in the titular time period.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 234 ], [ 235, 382 ], [ 383, 472 ], [ 473, 702 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Otto} the Great or {Otto} I", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Gerhard Ulrich of Augsburg is the most important primary source of one of this ruler's military conquests.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c3eb", "qanta_id": 22169, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Gerhard Ulrich of Augsburg is the most important primary source of one of this ruler's military conquests. In a town founded by his father, he built the Quedlinburg Castle. His family machinations included giving a duchy to Conrad the Red who married his daughter Liutgarde and suppressing the revolt of his brother Heinrich the Quarrelsome. With the pope this man signed a namesake \"diploma\" that gave the Papal State to the Papacy. After he defeated the Hungarians at Lechfeld, he was brought to his most powerful post when Pope John XII crowned him. For 10 points, identify this tenth century Holy Roman Emperor, a son of Heinrich the Fowler with the epithet \"the Great.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 172 ], [ 173, 341 ], [ 342, 433 ], [ 434, 552 ], [ 553, 674 ] ], "tournament": "EFT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{mitochondrion} or {mitochondria}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Pearson's syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, and Kearns-Sayre syndrome are all caused by faults in this cellular organelle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c402", "qanta_id": 22192, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Pearson's syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, and Kearns-Sayre syndrome are all caused by faults in this cellular organelle. The namesake DNA of this organelle is usually inherited from an organism's mother. Cytochrome C is found here to aid the process of the electron transport chain, and this organelle's origin is the focus of endosymbiotic theory. The inner membrane contains folds called cristae form matrices in, for 10 points, which cellular organelle that primarily produces ATP?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 218 ], [ 219, 363 ], [ 364, 499 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Yukio {Mishima} or Kimitake Hiraoka", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about a young actor named Kochan trying to hide his homosexuality in order to fit into society in the semi-autobiographical Confession of a Mask.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yukio_Mishima", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c41f", "qanta_id": 22221, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about a young actor named Kochan trying to hide his homosexuality in order to fit into society in the semi-autobiographical Confession of a Mask. In a tetralogy, Shigekuni Honda's attempts to save the various reincarnations of Kiyoaki Matsugae ends up destroying him. In another of his works, Mizoguchi remembers that \"when you meet the Buddha, kill the Buddha\" and burns down the titular building. For 10 points, identify this Japanese author of The Sea of Fertility and The Temple of the Golden Pavilion who committed seppuku in 1970.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 285 ], [ 286, 416 ], [ 417, 554 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Gustav {Mahler}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His first symphony included Frere Jacques in a minor key as a funeral march in its third movement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustav_Mahler", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c423", "qanta_id": 22225, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His first symphony included Frere Jacques in a minor key as a funeral march in its third movement. Another of his symphonies includes a chorus with lines taken from the poem Die Auferstehung, which begins \"Rise again, yes, rise again.\" He wrote some lieders, such as Kindertotenlieder and Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen, as well as a six-movement work in which sees some Chinese motifs and a large choral work as his 8th symphony. For 10 points, identify this Austrian composer who wrote the Titan, Resurrection, and Tragic symphonies as well as Symphony of a Thousand.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 235 ], [ 236, 431 ], [ 432, 570 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{iron}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Most red giants will eventually fuse into a core of this element before going supernova.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iron", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c42d", "qanta_id": 22235, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Most red giants will eventually fuse into a core of this element before going supernova. Every radioactive element with a mass above that of this element will eventually decay primarily into it, although it is possible to fuse isotopes of elements heavier than it into metastable nucleides. When it is neutrally charged, it has an unfilled d shell, and often has a charge of +2 or +3. A lack of this element in blood causes anemia. For 10 points, name this most stable element in the universe, whose ions are often called ferrous or ferric.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 290 ], [ 291, 384 ], [ 385, 431 ], [ 432, 540 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Lysosomes ", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Mannose-6-phosphate tags enzymes headed to this organelle. Pompe's disease, Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease, and I-cell disease can all be caused by malfunctions within this organelle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lysosome", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c42f", "qanta_id": 22237, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Mannose-6-phosphate tags enzymes headed to this organelle. Pompe's disease, Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease, and I-cell disease can all be caused by malfunctions within this organelle. The storage of ganglioside within this organelle in neuronal cells can cause Tay-Sachs disease, and they were discovered by Christian de Duve. The membrane around this organelle allows it to maintain the 4.5 pH level that it requires for operation. This is, for 10 points, what organelle that serves to digest waste and food within a cell?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 184, 326 ], [ 327, 432 ], [ 433, 523 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Herman {Melville}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this man's first novel, Tommo and Toby, after jumping ship from the Dolly fend off cannibalistic natives on the Marquesas Islands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Herman_Melville", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c433", "qanta_id": 22241, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this man's first novel, Tommo and Toby, after jumping ship from the Dolly fend off cannibalistic natives on the Marquesas Islands. In addition to that novel, subtitled A Peep at Polynesian Life, this man wrote a work in which the title character exclaims Long Live Capitan Vere! before being hanged upon the Bellipotent for killing John Claggart. This author of Typee and Billy Budd is most famous for writing a novel in which Captain Starbuck and Ishmael chase the titular white whale with Captain Ahab. For 10 points, name this author of Moby Dick.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 349 ], [ 350, 507 ], [ 508, 553 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sikhism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Mool Mantar is a hymn that praises the God of this religion. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c43f", "qanta_id": 22253, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Mool Mantar is a hymn that praises the God of this religion. Included in its religious texts are the Varan Bhai Gurdas. This religion can be represented by the Khanda, and temples in this religion are known as Gurdwaras. Followers are asked to wear the Five K's, and one leader for this religion was Gobind Singh. This religion was founded by Guru Nanak in Punjab, and its most important scripture is the Adi Granth. For 10 points, name this monotheistic religion founded in India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 66, 126 ], [ 126, 228 ], [ 228, 322 ], [ 322, 426 ], [ 426, 490 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Samuel Taylor {Coleridge}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote of a girl who meets a supernatural being named Geraldine in his poem Christabel, while he wrote that his genial spirits fail/and what can these avail in his Dejection: An Ode. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c446", "qanta_id": 22260, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote of a girl who meets a supernatural being named Geraldine in his poem Christabel, while he wrote that his genial spirits fail/and what can these avail in his Dejection: An Ode. In another poem, he wrote of Alph, the sacred river and of an Abyssinian maid with a dulcimer singing of Mount Abora. In addition to that poem which includes a stately pleasure dome, this man wrote a poem in which the speaker addresses a wedding guest and tells him that there was water, water everywhere,/nor any drop to drink after he shot an albatross. For 10 points, name this poet of Kubla Khan and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 192, 311 ], [ 311, 550 ], [ 550, 630 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Last {Supper}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one painting of this name, ghostly figures can be seen at the top, while characters such as maids can be seen, and most of the men have halos. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Last_Supper", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c447", "qanta_id": 22261, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one painting of this name, ghostly figures can be seen at the top, while characters such as maids can be seen, and most of the men have halos. This version is also notable for its single lamp as the source of light and the diagonal point of view. In addition to this painting by Tintoretto, another painting of this name has men bunched in groups of three, and one of those men is clutching a bag of silver. For 10 points, identify the common name of these paintings, which both depict Jesus Christ's revelation that one of his disciples will betray him, most notably painted by Leonardo da Vinci.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 147, 252 ], [ 252, 414 ], [ 414, 603 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Vietnam}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country was occupied by China for most of the first millennium CE until finally defeating the Chinese at the Battle of Bach Dang River.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vietnam", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c450", "qanta_id": 22270, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country was occupied by China for most of the first millennium CE until finally defeating the Chinese at the Battle of Bach Dang River. While it was briefly conquered by the Ming Dynasty, it stayed independent until being colonized by France in 1885. The Geneva Accords separated this country at the 17th parallel after it gained independence from France at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. For ten points, name this country whose ensuing Second Indochinese War led to UN intervention after the Gulf of Tonkin indicent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 255 ], [ 256, 391 ], [ 392, 520 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Arab Republic of {Egypt}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's current capital also served as the capital of the Fatimids, and Muhammad Ali, an Albanian, once ruled here.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c470", "qanta_id": 22302, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's current capital also served as the capital of the Fatimids, and Muhammad Ali, an Albanian, once ruled here. The Dinshaway Incident of 1906 sparked a nationalist movement, which eventually led to the Free Officers Movement that led to its independence in 1953 under General Naguib, who was succeeded by Abdel Nasser. After the Six Day and October wars, Sadat's 1979 peace treaty with Israel led to its expulsion from the Arab League. For 10 points, identify this Arab country currently led by Hosni Mubarak with capital at Cairo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 330 ], [ 331, 447 ], [ 448, 543 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Beowulf}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One section of this work is comprised of a song that tells of the death of a Frisian king named Finn.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Beowulf", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c473", "qanta_id": 22305, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One section of this work is comprised of a song that tells of the death of a Frisian king named Finn. An account of the life of Scyld Scefing opens this work, which sees its protagonist mocked for losing a swimming contest to Breca by Unferth, who later presents the protagonist with the sword Hrunting. With the help of Wiglaf, the protagonist kills a dragon after having defeated a beast that attacked Heorot, a great hall belonging to Danish King Hrothgar. For 10 points, identify this Old English epic poem about a Geat hero who slays Grendel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 303 ], [ 304, 459 ], [ 460, 547 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Sun} or {Sol}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The tachocline is one layer found within this body that produces most of the neutrinos passing by Earth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sun", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c476", "qanta_id": 22308, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The tachocline is one layer found within this body that produces most of the neutrinos passing by Earth. The varying locations of one notable feature on this object are described by Sporer's Law, and its movement was used to derive the Carrington rotation. The Chandrasekhar limit is approximately equal to 1.4 times the mass of this object, whose outer atmosphere is known as the corona. An astronomical unit is equal to Earth's mean distance from, for 10 points, what celestial body at the center of our Solar System?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 256 ], [ 257, 388 ], [ 389, 519 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Phosphorus", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Tigard, Oregon's Durham Treatment Facility is the U.S.'s first plant to use the struvite recovery process to reclaim this chemical from wastewater.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Phosphorus", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c480", "qanta_id": 22318, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Tigard, Oregon's Durham Treatment Facility is the U.S.'s first plant to use the struvite recovery process to reclaim this chemical from wastewater. Phossy jaw results from exposure to its most common form, which was first isolated when Hennin Brand tried to manufacture gold using his own urine. From the Latin for light-bearer, its pure form gives a glow in the presence of oxygen as it burns to form this element's red variety. For 10 points, identify this Group 15 element that comes in a white variety and has atomic number 15 and symbol P.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 295 ], [ 296, 429 ], [ 430, 544 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sir Isaac {Newton}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this man was revised to include an essay entitled General Scholium, in which this man famously stated I frame no hypothesis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isaac_Newton", "proto_id": "5476992eea23cca90550c485", "qanta_id": 22323, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man was revised to include an essay entitled General Scholium, in which this man famously stated I frame no hypothesis. The Cavendish experiment confirmed the value of a constant first proposed by this man, who names a law that is used to find an object's impulse. The conservation of momentum was derived from another law named for this man which states that every action has an opposite and equal reaction. For 10 points, identify this British pioneer of calculus who famously formulated three laws of motion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 281 ], [ 282, 425 ], [ 426, 528 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Michelangelo} Buonarotti", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man created a pair of statues, one crouching and the other in an unfinished state of agony called the Rebellious and Dying Slaves.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michelangelo", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c49b", "qanta_id": 22345, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man created a pair of statues, one crouching and the other in an unfinished state of agony called the Rebellious and Dying Slaves. Those two works were commissioned for the tomb of his patron Pope Julius II. A mistranslation of the Old Testament led to a pair of horns on his Moses. This artist also carved a notably young-looking Virgin Mary and a notably uncircumcised biblical hero about to fire his sling. For 10 points, identify this sculptor of a notable David.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 212 ], [ 213, 287 ], [ 288, 415 ], [ 416, 473 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "All {Quiet} on the {Western Front}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel's protagonist sees a camp of Russian prisoners of war and spends his last night on leave with his mother.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4b0", "qanta_id": 22366, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel's protagonist sees a camp of Russian prisoners of war and spends his last night on leave with his mother. In this novel, Muller inherits Kemmerich's boots and Albert Kropp decides not to commit suicide in the hospital. One character in this novel makes beef-and-bean stew and is killed by a splinter as the protagonist carries him back. For 10 points, name this German novel in which Kat mentors Paul Baumer, written by Erich Maria Remarque.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 229 ], [ 230, 347 ], [ 348, 452 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{endoplasmic reticulum} [or {ER}; prompt on {sarcoplasmic reticulum} or {SR} before \u201csteroids\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "SRPs move signal-sequence-bearing polypeptides from the cytosol to this structure, and a special form of it stores and releases calcium ions in muscle cells.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Endoplasmic_reticulum", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4b1", "qanta_id": 22367, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "SRPs move signal-sequence-bearing polypeptides from the cytosol to this structure, and a special form of it stores and releases calcium ions in muscle cells. One type of this organelle synthesizes steroids in adrenal cells and metabolizes glycogen in the liver, while another synthesizes proteins from structures on its surface. For 10 points, name this cellular organelle with \"smooth\" and ribosome-rich \"rough\" varieties that aids in the transport of cellular materials.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 328 ], [ 329, 472 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Leonhard {Euler}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "On a graph, this man's namesake path visits each edge exactly once, and the line connecting the orthocenter and circumcenter of a triangle is also named for him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4b2", "qanta_id": 22368, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "On a graph, this man's namesake path visits each edge exactly once, and the line connecting the orthocenter and circumcenter of a triangle is also named for him. He lends his name to a method of solving differential equations by estimating the slopes, and he also proved that there is no solution to the Seven Bridges of Konigsberg problem. For 10 points, identify this mathematician who gives his name to the base of the natural logarithm, a number symbolized by the letter \"e.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 340 ], [ 341, 479 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "George Bernard {Shaw}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Jack Tanner is at the center of one of this author's works that features a debate between Don Juan and the devil.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Bernard_Shaw", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4b5", "qanta_id": 22371, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Jack Tanner is at the center of one of this author's works that features a debate between Don Juan and the devil. In another of his works, Andrew Undershaft makes a large donation to the Salvation Army. This author of Man and Superman wrote a play in which Colonel Pickering makes a bet with phonetics professor Henry Higgins, who attempts to pass Eliza Doolittle off as a duchess. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of Major Barbara and Pygmalion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 202 ], [ 203, 381 ], [ 382, 455 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Michelangelo Merisi de {Caravaggio}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one painting by him, a man holds a horse's bit as the title figure sprawls on the ground, while in another an innkeeper serves Jesus as a disciple stretches his arms out.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Caravaggio", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4bc", "qanta_id": 22378, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one painting by him, a man holds a horse's bit as the title figure sprawls on the ground, while in another an innkeeper serves Jesus as a disciple stretches his arms out. In addition to the Conversion of St. Paul and Supper at Emmaus, this artist painted a work in which a beam of light from beyond the picture frame shines on the title gospel writer. For 10 points, identify this Italian master of chiaroscuro who painted The Calling of St. Matthew.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 354 ], [ 355, 453 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Richard {Wagner}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one opera by this composer, Eva eventually goes to Walther, who becomes one of the title Mastersingers of Nuremberg.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Wagner", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4cc", "qanta_id": 22394, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one opera by this composer, Eva eventually goes to Walther, who becomes one of the title Mastersingers of Nuremberg. In another of his operas, the hero eventually saves Elsa. He composed Lohengrin and an opera that sees Sigfried rescue Brunnhilde from a ring of magic fire. That cycle contains Gotterdammerung and a opera containing the Ride of The Valkyries. For 10 points, name this composer of the Ring cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 177 ], [ 178, 276 ], [ 277, 363 ], [ 364, 416 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Hermann {Hesse}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's novels centers on Joseph Knecht's life in Castalia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4da", "qanta_id": 22408, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's novels centers on Joseph Knecht's life in Castalia. In one novel by this writer of The Glass Bead Game, the courtesan Kamala teaches the ways of love to the title character, the childhood friend of the monk Govinda. In another of his novels, the saxophonist Pablo brings a character to the Magic Theatre. That character kills Hermine there and is named Harry Haller. For 10 points, name this German writer who wrote Siddhartha and Steppenwolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 236 ], [ 237, 325 ], [ 326, 388 ], [ 389, 465 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John {Locke}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher oddly denounced atheists in A Letter Concerning Toleration, and his work Some Thoughts Concerning Education claimed humans are born without innate ideas, a concept that he called tabula rasa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Locke", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4de", "qanta_id": 22412, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher oddly denounced atheists in A Letter Concerning Toleration, and his work Some Thoughts Concerning Education claimed humans are born without innate ideas, a concept that he called tabula rasa. Another of this empiricist's works describes a good state of nature featuring rights to \"life, liberty, and property.\" For 10 points, name this English philosopher who authored Two Treatises of Government and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 208 ], [ 209, 327 ], [ 328, 458 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jack London", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this author sees Perrault buy Billee and Joe before Sol-Leks attacks the protagonist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jack_London", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4e9", "qanta_id": 22423, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this author sees Perrault buy Billee and Joe before Sol-Leks attacks the protagonist. This author wrote a short story in which the dog runs to a camp as the protagonist freezes to death in the Yukon. This author of \"To Build a Fire\" wrote a novel in which the main character is tamed by Wheedon Scott and a novel in which the protagonist is freed from Mercedes by John Thornton. For 10 points, name this American author of White Fang who wrote about Buck in The Call of the Wild.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 211 ], [ 212, 391 ], [ 392, 492 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{diffusion} [prompt on {effusion}; prompt on {osmosis} before it is mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One type of this process involves gas passing through small holes and has its rate given by Graham's Law.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4f3", "qanta_id": 22433, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One type of this process involves gas passing through small holes and has its rate given by Graham's Law. Two laws named for Adolf Fick describe this process, and another type of this process occurs in hypotonic and hypertonic cells; that process involves water crossing a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis is a type of, for 10 points, what process in which particles move from regions of high concentration to low concentration?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 296 ], [ 297, 427 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "People's Republic of {China}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel from this country, the protagonist is born with a sentient mineral in his mouth, Dream of The Red Chamber.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4f8", "qanta_id": 22438, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel from this country, the protagonist is born with a sentient mineral in his mouth, Dream of The Red Chamber. Another work from this country centers on a band of 108 outlaws with a stronghold in a marsh. Another work from here details Pigsy and Sandy's journey to India. For 10 points, identify this country whose four great classics include Water Margin and Journey to the West, home to such writers as Li Po.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 213 ], [ 214, 280 ], [ 281, 420 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {School} of {Athens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the bottom left hand corner of this painting is a mirror showing the opposite wall.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_School_of_Athens", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c4f9", "qanta_id": 22439, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the bottom left hand corner of this painting is a mirror showing the opposite wall. It is located in a room with a fresco of Parnassus. The architecture is modeled on that of Bramante, who is depicted as Euclid or Aristotle. The artist himself can be seen fleeing off to the right. Heraclitus muses at a desk and Diogenes lounges on the steps in the front. For ten points, name this painting in which the Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle dispute at the center, a work by Raphael.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 138 ], [ 139, 227 ], [ 228, 284 ], [ 285, 359 ], [ 360, 488 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Great Gatsby}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel's narrator reads a schedule in a copy of Hopalong Cassidy, and its protagonist does business with Meyer Wolfsheim. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Great_Gatsby", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c50f", "qanta_id": 22461, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel's narrator reads a schedule in a copy of Hopalong Cassidy, and its protagonist does business with Meyer Wolfsheim. This novel's characters frequently drive under the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg. A golfer named Jordan Baker tells the narrator about the protagonist's love for a character who runs over Myrtle Wilson. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by Nick Carraway about the title character's love for Daisy Buchanan, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 127, 205 ], [ 206, 326 ], [ 327, 468 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "temperature", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of an ideal gas, and along with pressure, it forms the axes of a phase diagram.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Temperature", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c510", "qanta_id": 22462, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of an ideal gas, and along with pressure, it forms the axes of a phase diagram. The energy needed to increase this quantity in a substance is given by a substance's heat capacity. Conversion between two scales for this quantity involves multiplying by nine fifths, and a third scale for this quantity starts at absolute zero. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in Kelvin, Celsius, and degrees Fahrenheit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 248 ], [ 249, 394 ], [ 395, 481 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "insulin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Production of this hormone oscillates with a period of 3-6 minutes, and Frederick Sanger earned his first Nobel Prize for sequencing it. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Insulin", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c516", "qanta_id": 22468, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Production of this hormone oscillates with a period of 3-6 minutes, and Frederick Sanger earned his first Nobel Prize for sequencing it. Its uptake stimulates synthesis of fatty acids and glycogen, and it is produced in beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. This peptide hormone which stimulates glucose uptake acts in opposition to glucagon, another pancreatic hormone. For 10 points, name this hormone that is deficient in type I diabetes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 138, 260 ], [ 261, 373 ], [ 374, 444 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Eugene {Delacroix}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this artist, a king lounges on his bed as his guards slay his horses and some naked ladies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c522", "qanta_id": 22480, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this artist, a king lounges on his bed as his guards slay his horses and some naked ladies. In addition to The Death of Sardanapalus, this artist depicted burning towns in the background of a work showing an ottoman on horseback slaying scantily clad Greeks, Massacre at Chios. For ten points, name this artist who may be most famous for a painting containing a young boy with two pistols following a woman carrying the French flag, Liberty Leading the People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 293 ], [ 294, 476 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "index of {refraction} [or {refractive} index]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This value, the square root of the product of the relative permeability and relative permittivity, is negative in metamaterials, and multiple values for it appear in objects exhibiting birefringence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Refractive_index", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c526", "qanta_id": 22484, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This value, the square root of the product of the relative permeability and relative permittivity, is negative in metamaterials, and multiple values for it appear in objects exhibiting birefringence. The angles of incidence for two adjacent objects with different values of this are calculated by Snell's law. For 10 points, name this dimensionless quantity measuring the ratio of the speed of light in a medium to that in a vacuum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 309 ], [ 310, 432 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Tom Jones} [accept either name]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This character joins the army of the Duke of Cumberland, where an ensign named Northerton insults his love interest and knocks him unconscious with a bottle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c536", "qanta_id": 22500, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This character joins the army of the Duke of Cumberland, where an ensign named Northerton insults his love interest and knocks him unconscious with a bottle. This character is sent from the house when his schoolmate accuses him of drinking while his patron lay near death. After that quarrel with Bilfil, this character fears that he has slept with his mother after going to bed with Mrs. Waters, which disrupts this character's relationship with Sophia Western. For 10 points, name this rascal taken in by Squire Allworthy, a foundling created by Henry Fielding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 272 ], [ 273, 462 ], [ 463, 563 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Tom Jones} [accept either]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This character steals apples and ducks to support the servant, Black George, who has a daughter named Molly Seagrim.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c537", "qanta_id": 22501, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This character steals apples and ducks to support the servant, Black George, who has a daughter named Molly Seagrim. He is taught by the philosopher Square and frequently beaten by the nasty Reverend Thwackum, who both adore this character's rival, Blifil. Near the end of the novel in which he appears, he is thrown into jail for stabbing Mr. Fitzpatrick. This character's parents are thought to be the teacher Partridge and the local girl Jenny, but his mother turns out to be Bridget, the sister of this character's benefactor. He loves Sophia Western and was raised by Squire Allworthy. For 10 points, name this foundling, the titular character of a novel by Henry Fielding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 256 ], [ 257, 356 ], [ 357, 530 ], [ 531, 590 ], [ 591, 678 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Tom Jones}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work is found dead from an apoplectic stroke while taking a stroll one evening, and had earlier caused his brother to move to London and die of a broken heart. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c539", "qanta_id": 22503, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work is found dead from an apoplectic stroke while taking a stroll one evening, and had earlier caused his brother to move to London and die of a broken heart. Another character in this work is bedridden for a month after the death of her husband after having given birth to an enemy of the title character eight months after her marriage to Captain Blifil. That son, Master Blifil, is later seen releasing a bird given to Sophia by the title character, who attempts to retrieve it and accidentally falls into a canal. This work begins at the Somerset estate of the guardian of the title character, Squire Allworthy. For 10 points\u2014name this novel by Henry Fielding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 183, 382 ], [ 382, 544 ], [ 544, 643 ], [ 643, 691 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Thirty Years}' War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During this war, Frederick V was defeated by at White Mountain by Count Tilly, who later won at Breitenfeld.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thirty_Years'_War", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c53e", "qanta_id": 22508, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During this war, Frederick V was defeated by at White Mountain by Count Tilly, who later won at Breitenfeld. Its commanders included Ottavio Piccolomini and Albrecht Wallenstein, the latter of whom retreated from Lutzen after Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden was killed. Richilieu brought France into this war incited by the Defenestration of Prague. Ended by the Treaty of Westphalia, for 10 points, name this religious war in Europe which lasted from 1618 to 1648.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 265 ], [ 266, 345 ], [ 346, 461 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{carbon}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One porous form of this element is useful for adsorption reactions and in water filtration; that form is known as its \"activated\" variety. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carbon", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c545", "qanta_id": 22515, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One porous form of this element is useful for adsorption reactions and in water filtration; that form is known as its \"activated\" variety. One isotope of this element has a half-life of 5730 years; that mass 14 isotope is used for radiometric dating. Organic compounds must contain this element, which forms an allotrope that is the hardest substance in the world. For 10 points, name this element with atomic number 6 that can be found in coal, graphite, and diamond.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 140, 251 ], [ 252, 365 ], [ 366, 469 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Federative Republic of {Brazil} [accept {Republica Federativa} do {Brasil}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Cry of Ipiranga declared this country's independence, and its Golden Law freed slaves under Dom Pedro II.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c548", "qanta_id": 22518, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Cry of Ipiranga declared this country's independence, and its Golden Law freed slaves under Dom Pedro II. Juscelino Kubitschek began to build its capital, designed largely by Oscar Niemeyer. It joined with Argentina and Uruguay in the War of the Triple Alliance, and explorer Pedro Cabral sighted this country where Getulio Vargas later ran the Estado Novo. For 10 points, name this country once colonized by Portugal, with major city Rio de Janiero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 194 ], [ 195, 361 ], [ 362, 454 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Republic of the {Philippines} [accept {Pilipinas}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Prior to this nation's 1986 People Power rebellion, one first lady of this nation bought over 1,000 pairs of shoes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philippines", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c557", "qanta_id": 22533, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Prior to this nation's 1986 People Power rebellion, one first lady of this nation bought over 1,000 pairs of shoes. Two earlier rebellions here were led by Emilio Aguinaldo, and Admiral George Dewey won a battle in its capital's bay. Its Corregidor Island fell before the Bataan Death March in this nation during World War II. For 10 points, name this archipelago which fell under American possession following the Spanish-American War, a nation with capital at Manila.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 233 ], [ 234, 326 ], [ 327, 469 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes} [pronounced CANES, but be lenient and accept KEENZ]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This economist proposed the \"bancor\" currency and debated Harry Dexter White at the Bretton Woods conference.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c55a", "qanta_id": 22536, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This economist proposed the \"bancor\" currency and debated Harry Dexter White at the Bretton Woods conference. This namesake of a \"cross\" diagram predicted effects of the Versailles treaty in The Economic Consequences of the Peace; he described aggregate supply and demand in his General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. For 10 points, name this British economist whose followers recommend government deficit spending to stimulate economies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 331 ], [ 331, 451 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Odin} [or {Wotan}; or {Wotenaz}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity disguised himself as Bolverk and as a snake to sneak by the giant Suttung.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odin", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c575", "qanta_id": 22563, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity disguised himself as Bolverk and as a snake to sneak by the giant Suttung. He feeds all the food from his table to Geri and Freki, his wolves, and is told about all the world's events by Hugin and Munin, his ravens. This owner of the spear Gungnir and husband of Frigg gave his eye to Mimir and hung for nine days and nights off of the world-tree Yggdrasil to obtain wisdom. For 10 points, name this father of Baldur and Thor, the chief Norse god.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 226 ], [ 227, 385 ], [ 386, 458 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{benzene} [accept {C6H6} until read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This substance is reacted with sodium and an alcohol in the Birch reduction, and it is acylated through the use of a Lewis acid catalyst in the Friedel-Crafts acylation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benzene", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c581", "qanta_id": 22575, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This substance is reacted with sodium and an alcohol in the Birch reduction, and it is acylated through the use of a Lewis acid catalyst in the Friedel-Crafts acylation. This substance is produced through the catalytic reforming process, and linking two molecules of this substance forms biphenyl. When a [*] methyl group is attached to this substance, toluene is formed. With a structure famously described by August Kekul\u00e9, this substance's alternating double bonds make it the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon. For 10 points, identify this ring-shaped hydrocarbon with formula C6H6.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 297 ], [ 298, 371 ], [ 372, 510 ], [ 511, 582 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Mead}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One book published by this author consists of a tape-recorded conversation in which this author discusses topics like Istanbul, slavery, and John Wayne with James Baldwin; in addition to A Rap on Race, this author wrote of the aggressive Mundugumor people and the Tchambuli lake region's [*] female-dominated society.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c589", "qanta_id": 22583, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One book published by this author consists of a tape-recorded conversation in which this author discusses topics like Istanbul, slavery, and John Wayne with James Baldwin; in addition to A Rap on Race, this author wrote of the aggressive Mundugumor people and the Tchambuli lake region's [*] female-dominated society. Another work, criticized by Derek Freeman five years after her death, contained testimony from 68 adolescent girls, and claimed that casual sex occurred without stress in the title locale. For ten points, name this female anthropologist, the author of \"Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies\" and \"Coming of Age in Samoa\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 317 ], [ 318, 506 ], [ 507, 650 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Soren {Kierkegaard} [prompt \u201c{Constantin Constantius}\u201d, \u201c{Johannes Climacus}\u201d, \u201c{Anti}-{Climacus}\u201d, \u201c{Johannes} de {Silentio}\u201d, \u201c{Victor Eremita}\u201d, \u201cA\u201d, \u201c{Judge Vilhelm}\u201d, or \u201c{Johannes}\u201d \u2013 the {relevant pseudonyms}]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker discussed a Young Man who leaves his fianc\u00e9e in one work and wrote a \"Concluding Unscientific Postscript\" to another.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "S\u00f8ren_Kierkegaard", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c58d", "qanta_id": 22587, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker discussed a Young Man who leaves his fianc\u00e9e in one work and wrote a \"Concluding Unscientific Postscript\" to another. In addition to Repetition and Philosophical Fragments, this author discusses the raising of [*] Lazarus in his The Sickness unto Death, while another work contrasts the \"Knight of infinite resignation\" with an essential belief in the absurd and explains Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac four ways. For 10 points, give the real name of this pseudonym-using Danish philosopher, the Christian existentialist author of Fear and Trembling and Either-Or.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 226 ], [ 227, 424 ], [ 425, 575 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Islamic Republic of {Pakistan}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In 2000, this nation recently lowered its voting age to 18 for the December elections.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pakistan", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c599", "qanta_id": 22599, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 2000, this nation recently lowered its voting age to 18 for the December elections. Sites within this country include Harappa, known as the \"Bronze-Age\" city, and Mohenjo-[*] Daro. Though its capital has a population of over 1.7 million people, its main cultural center is Lahore, where many Western-influenced shops and restaurants, as well as the University of the Punjab, are located. Headed by President Asif Zardari and still reeling from the assassination of Benazir Bhutto, for 10 points, name this country whose largest city is Karachi and has its capital at Islamabad.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 174 ], [ 174, 177 ], [ 178, 183 ], [ 184, 390 ], [ 391, 580 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Georg Wilhelm Frederic {Hegel}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker claimed that Africa had no history in a series of his lectures; he discussed \u2018absolute difference' and \u2018sublation' in his The Science of Logic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c5a9", "qanta_id": 22615, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker claimed that Africa had no history in a series of his lectures; he discussed \u2018absolute difference' and \u2018sublation' in his The Science of Logic. This philosopher discussed the title concept in the three \u2018spheres' of the abstract, morality, and ethical life in Elements of the [*] Philosophy of Right. He described the process of Geist coming to know itself in another work, where he developed a law of progress from thesis and antithesis to synthesis. For 10 points, name this German idealist philosopher of The Phenomenology of Spirit, who inspired Marx with his idea of the dialectic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 312 ], [ 313, 463 ], [ 464, 598 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Polynomials}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In graph theory, the \"chromatic\" one of these objects determines how many colors a vertex graph can have, and the \"Legendre\" type are orthogonal in the integral inner product space from -1 to 1.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polynomial", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c5ad", "qanta_id": 22619, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In graph theory, the \"chromatic\" one of these objects determines how many colors a vertex graph can have, and the \"Legendre\" type are orthogonal in the integral inner product space from -1 to 1. Though they aren't series, the Taylor [*] type of these can be used in approximations. According to the Abel-Ruffini theorem, there is no general solution to these of degree 5 or higher. Synthetic division can factor, for 10 points, what mathematical objects with positive integer exponents, exemplified by \u2018x to the fifth plus two' and \u2018x cubed plus x'?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 281 ], [ 282, 381 ], [ 382, 549 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ernest {Hemingway}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One novel by this author depicts the artist Thomas Hudson in its chapter \"Bimini,\" and a short story by this author features the wounded gambler Cayetano.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ernest_Hemingway", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c5bb", "qanta_id": 22633, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One novel by this author depicts the artist Thomas Hudson in its chapter \"Bimini,\" and a short story by this author features the wounded gambler Cayetano. In addition to writing Islands in the Stream and \"The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio\", this author wrote a number of short stories centered on Nick [*] Adams. In one novel by this author, Robert Cohn and Brett Ashley travel to San Sebasti\u00e1n, much to the dismay of Jake Barnes, and in another, Joe DiMaggio is idolized by the Cuban Santiago. For 10 points, name this author of The Sun Also Rises, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 314 ], [ 315, 496 ], [ 497, 551 ], [ 552, 605 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Madame Bovary", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Towards the end of this novel, black liquid pours from one character's mouth like vomit, and a Blind Beggar with a horrible skin disease sings while that character dies in agony.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c5cf", "qanta_id": 22653, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Towards the end of this novel, black liquid pours from one character's mouth like vomit, and a Blind Beggar with a horrible skin disease sings while that character dies in agony. Berthe is left a poor orphan in this novel, and the town apothecary is awarded a Legion of Honor. The title character attends a [*] performance of Lucia de Lammermoor in Rouen, where she re-meets the law student Leon. She earlier has an affair with Rodolphe after being disillusioned by her husband Charles. Emma's boredom with her life in Yonville leads to her eventual ruin in, for 10 points, what realist novel of Gustave Flaubert?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 276 ], [ 277, 396 ], [ 397, 486 ], [ 487, 613 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "boron ", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "As a micronutrient, this element interacts with calcium in plants and helps maintain their cell walls.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Boron", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c5d4", "qanta_id": 22658, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As a micronutrient, this element interacts with calcium in plants and helps maintain their cell walls. In an alloy with neodymium and iron, atoms of this element form the strongest permanent magnets. Found in colemanite and the optically bizarre ore ulexite, this element's [*] hydride contains \u2018banana bonds' and is a Lewis acid. Its oxide is found with silica in labware made of Pyrex glass, and this lightest element with electrons in a p-shell usually requires six valence electrons to be stable, violating the octet rule. For 10 points, name this nonmetal element with atomic number 5 and symbol B.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 199 ], [ 200, 330 ], [ 331, 526 ], [ 527, 603 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{special relativity} [do not accept general relativity; prompt on \u201c{relativity}\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The mathematical manifold in which this occurs has isometries with the Poincar\u00e9 group, the Minkowski space, and the transverse Doppler effect occurs in this paradigm.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Special_relativity", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c5de", "qanta_id": 22668, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The mathematical manifold in which this occurs has isometries with the Poincar\u00e9 group, the Minkowski space, and the transverse Doppler effect occurs in this paradigm. Its operations include length contractions and transformations named for Lorentz. It extended [*] Galileo's principle regarding laws of physics in all reference frames, and consistent with the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment. Reconciling Maxwell's equations with the laws of mechanics at extremely high speeds, for 10 points, name this 1905 theory that suggested time dilation and energy-mass equivalence, a precursor to its general variety conceived of by Albert Einstein.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 248 ], [ 249, 403 ], [ 404, 651 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Martin {Luther}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man joined one profession after barely missing a lightning strike and exclaiming to Saint Anne, and this friend of Philipp Melanchthon became enraged by the actions of Johann Tetzel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Luther", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c5ea", "qanta_id": 22680, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man joined one profession after barely missing a lightning strike and exclaiming to Saint Anne, and this friend of Philipp Melanchthon became enraged by the actions of Johann Tetzel. He urged nobles to \"smite, slay, and stab\" the title group in his work \"Against the [*] Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants.\" Given shelter by Frederick the Wise at Wartburg Castle, he argued for a spiritual presence in transubtantion at the Marburg Colloquy with Zwingli. For 10 points, name this man who, at the Diet of Worms, defended his opinion on indulgences as laid out in the 95 Theses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 315 ], [ 315, 463 ], [ 464, 585 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Thor} [accept {Donner} or {Donar}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure was given a magic belt by the giantess Grid, allowing him to kill Geirrod and his children.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c5f9", "qanta_id": 22695, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure was given a magic belt by the giantess Grid, allowing him to kill Geirrod and his children. In another story, this figure uses Hymir's fishing line, and he donned as dress to appear as a bride and fool King Thrym into returning his stolen property. This god travels with Thialfi and Roskva, his [*] servants, in a chariot pulled by two goats, and he is married to Sif, who is renowned for her blonde hair. Destined to kill and be killed by the Midgard Serpent, for 10 points, name this owner of the hammer Mjolnir, the Norse god of thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 260 ], [ 261, 417 ], [ 418, 552 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Bertrand {Russell} [accept {Russell's teapot} before \u201chis namesake\u201d is mentioned]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An argument removing the burden of proof from the skeptic envisions an undetectable orbiting object, this man's namesake \"teapot\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c606", "qanta_id": 22707, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An argument removing the burden of proof from the skeptic envisions an undetectable orbiting object, this man's namesake \"teapot\". A principal follower of logical atomism, his namesake paradox asks, \"Does the set of all sets that do not contain themselves contain itself?\" With Einstein, he names a manifesto advocating [*] nuclear disarmament, signed by many nuclear physicists, and claimed that organized churches oppose moral progress in \"Why I Am Not A Christian\". Also known for his work with Alfred Whitehead, for 10 points, name this author who attempted a logical foundation for math in his Principia Mathematica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 274 ], [ 274, 469 ], [ 470, 622 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Brave New World}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Characters in this novel compete in unusual games like Riemann Surface Tennis and Obstacle Golf, and two characters cross the Atlantic in the Red Rocket.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brave_New_World", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c608", "qanta_id": 22709, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Characters in this novel compete in unusual games like Riemann Surface Tennis and Obstacle Golf, and two characters cross the Atlantic in the Red Rocket. It opens with a description of the Bokanovsky process, and one character is threatened with exile to Iceland by [*] Mustapha Mond, an Alpha Double-Plus. The protagonist's mother is seduced by Pop\u00e9, who offers her Mescal to replace Soma, and that protagonist hangs himself at the end of the novel, in the year 632 After Ford. For 10 points, name this dystopian novel about Bernard Marx and John the Savage, named for a line from The Tempest and written by Aldous Huxley.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 306 ], [ 307, 478 ], [ 479, 623 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Tale of {Genji} [or {Genji} Monogatari]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one episode in this work, a storm causes the protagonist to dream of a visit from his father, who married Kiritsubo after the death of the protagonist's mother.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tale_of_Genji", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c60a", "qanta_id": 22711, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one episode in this work, a storm causes the protagonist to dream of a visit from his father, who married Kiritsubo after the death of the protagonist's mother. The 42nd to 54th chapters of this novel, known as the Uji chapters, depict events following the protagonist's death, which is signaled by the blank [*] \"Vanished into the Clouds\" chapter. The protagonist becomes fascinated by a child with the same name as the author, cheats with the sister of his rival Kokiden, and is married to Aoi at the age of 12. For 10 points, identify this 11th-century work about a Japanese prince by Lady Murasaki, often considered the first novel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 313 ], [ 313, 351 ], [ 352, 516 ], [ 517, 639 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Theodore \u201cTeddy\u201d Roosevelt} [Prompt on \u201c{Roosevelt}\u201d]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man signed the regulatory Elkins and Hepburn Acts, but backed away from a legal List of Simplified Spellings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theodore_Roosevelt", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c612", "qanta_id": 22719, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man signed the regulatory Elkins and Hepburn Acts, but backed away from a legal List of Simplified Spellings. He became a New York City Police Commissioner at the age of 27, but two years later was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy. In Milwaukee, he survived John Schrank's [*] assassination attempt before a speech. His role in the Treaty of Portsmouth got him a Nobel Peace Prize, and in 1912, he lost a three-way election running as a Progressive, or \"Bull Moose\". For 10 points, what former Rough Rider, famous for charging San Juan Hill, became President in 1901 after William McKinley was assassinated?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 245 ], [ 246, 329 ], [ 330, 480 ], [ 481, 621 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {School of Athens} [or {Scuola di Atene}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A statue of a deity with a shield and wooden staff, Minerva, is on the right side of this painting; on the far right, a veiled self-portrait pokes his head out among others. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_School_of_Athens", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c613", "qanta_id": 22720, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A statue of a deity with a shield and wooden staff, Minerva, is on the right side of this painting; on the far right, a veiled self-portrait pokes his head out among others. Two successive barrel vaults with hexagonal coffers stretch back to an archway at the back of this painting. A man in brown clothing writes on a [*] slab of stone in front of a man in a blue tunic sitting on steps with legs splayed to one side. This painting stands across La Disputa in the Stanza della Signatura; at its center are Plato and Aristotle. For 10 points, name this painting by Raphael showing philosophers with the figure of artists like Leonardo in the titular Greek city.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 175, 283 ], [ 284, 419 ], [ 420, 528 ], [ 529, 662 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Michel {Foucault}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author of The Archaeology of Knowledge turned to art criticism by describing \"Las Meninas\" in his The Order of Things and by writing about Magritte in This is not a Pipe.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michel_Foucault", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c625", "qanta_id": 22738, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author of The Archaeology of Knowledge turned to art criticism by describing \"Las Meninas\" in his The Order of Things and by writing about Magritte in This is not a Pipe. His multiple-volume History of Sexuality described the concept of \"bio [*] power\"; he also described doctors using the \"clinical gaze\". Another work of his described the Great Confinement while criticizing insanity, while he famously used the image of Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon to describe society as a prison. For 10 points, name this author of Madness and Civilization, The Birth of the Clinic, and Discipline and Punish, a French postmodernist philosopher.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 311 ], [ 312, 488 ], [ 489, 637 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Pieter {Breughel} the {Elder} [accept {Peasant Breugel}; {Pieter Bruegel} De {Oudere}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted a clerk, a farmer, and a soldier sleeping under a table-tree in The Land of Cockaigne.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c629", "qanta_id": 22742, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist depicted a clerk, a farmer, and a soldier sleeping under a table-tree in The Land of Cockaigne. In another painting, a small crowd dances to the left of a cross while a magpie watches on the gallows. A skeleton army massacres humans in his Triumph of [*] Death. In one work in his series Labors of the Months, three figures return with dogs while skaters play on a frozen pond; the title figure makes a small splash in his Landscape with the Fall of Icarus. For 10 points, name this Dutch Renaissance painter, known for paintings such as The Peasant Wedding and The Hunters in the Snow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 211 ], [ 212, 273 ], [ 274, 469 ], [ 470, 598 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Hungary} [accept {Magyarorszag}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation lost the 1467 Battle of Baia under Matthias Corvinus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c635", "qanta_id": 22754, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation lost the 1467 Battle of Baia under Matthias Corvinus. This nation's first king was Stephen I of the Arpad dynasty, and short-lived political careers here include those of an 1848 revolutionary with a namesake county in Iowa, Lajos Kossuth, Bela Kun's [*] pro-Soviet 1919 rule, and the Arrow Cross Movement of fascist Ferenc Szalasi. Janos Kadar deposed Imre Nagy [NAJ] in a 1956 Stalin-backed coup here, and this country, the location of the 1526 battle of Mohacs, signed the 1867 Ausgleich. For 10 points, name this country, whose dual monarchy with Austria ruled over the Magyars.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 344 ], [ 345, 503 ], [ 504, 594 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "linear {momentum} [do not accept \u201cangular {momentum}\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In quantum mechanics, this property is given by Dirac's constant over i times the gradient, and it's not position, but a discredited thought experiment that predicts the future through present knowledge of it everywhere is called Laplace's demon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Momentum", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c650", "qanta_id": 22781, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In quantum mechanics, this property is given by Dirac's constant over i times the gradient, and it's not position, but a discredited thought experiment that predicts the future through present knowledge of it everywhere is called Laplace's demon. In relativistic physics, this quantity's formula includes the rest mass and the [*] Lorentz factor. This property and kinetic energy are conserved in elastic collisions, and this quantity's change is known as impulse while its time derivative is force. For 10 points, name this measure symbolized p, defined as an object's mass times its velocity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 246 ], [ 247, 346 ], [ 347, 499 ], [ 500, 594 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "George {Orwell} [accept {Eric Blair}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author discussed the dirtiness of snow in one column of his series for the Tribune, entitled \"As I Please.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Orwell", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c652", "qanta_id": 22783, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author discussed the dirtiness of snow in one column of his series for the Tribune, entitled \"As I Please.\" This man also wrote a two-part work split between a sociological study of Northern England and an autobiography, called The Road to Wigan Pier. A later book opens with U Po Kyin's plot to taint the standing of Dr. [*] Veraswami, and is called Burmese Days. He detailed his time in the Spanish Civil War in Homage to Catalonia, and his most famous work involves a protagonist who works at Minitru, Winston Smith. For 10 points, name this British author of Animal Farm, who described Big Brother in his 1984.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 258 ], [ 258, 370 ], [ 371, 525 ], [ 526, 620 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Brownian motion}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Mathematical models for this phenomenon use the Fokker-Planck equation or the Langevin equation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brownian_motion", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c658", "qanta_id": 22789, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Mathematical models for this phenomenon use the Fokker-Planck equation or the Langevin equation. Jean Perrin used it to obtain Avogadro's number, and Richard Feynman described a \"ratchet\" that uses it. This phenomenon is the physical version of the Weiner process, and is also [*] a stochastic process. The kinetic theory of gases was used in Einstein's 1905 explanation of it, and its namesake, a Scottish botanist, observed it in pollen grains in water. For 10 points, name this seemingly random motion of particles suspended in a fluid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 201 ], [ 202, 302 ], [ 303, 455 ], [ 456, 539 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Prince} [accept {Il Principe}]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Occidental College professor Roger Boesche claimed this work was moderate compared to the Artha-shastra, a text from faraway India.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Prince", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c65f", "qanta_id": 22796, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Occidental College professor Roger Boesche claimed this work was moderate compared to the Artha-shastra, a text from faraway India. It discusses three kinds of intellegence, including an understanding of what others can understand. This work also warns against flatterers, saying that all [*] advisers ought to speak truly. In its seventeenth chapter, this work holds that, if a ruler must pick only one, it is better to be feared than loved. Inspired by Cesare Borgia, for 10 points, name this political treatise, written for Lorenzo di Medici by Niccolo Machiavelli.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 231 ], [ 232, 323 ], [ 324, 442 ], [ 443, 568 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Siddhartha {Gautama} [accept The {Buddha} or Gautama {Buddha}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Before this figure was born, his mother dreamt that a six-tusked white elephant was piercing her right side, and a meal served by the blacksmith Kunda once made this figure very ill.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gautama_Buddha", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c663", "qanta_id": 22800, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Before this figure was born, his mother dreamt that a six-tusked white elephant was piercing her right side, and a meal served by the blacksmith Kunda once made this figure very ill. This figure's son was named Rahula, and his birthday is sometimes [*] celebrated by the holiday Vesak. One day, this figure was shocked to see an old man, a sick man, a corpse, and a monk, despite being raised to avoid all suffering as a prince; after this, under the bodhi tree, the Four Noble Truths came to him. For 10 points, name this first figure to achieve nirvana.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 250 ], [ 250, 285 ], [ 286, 497 ], [ 498, 555 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Ireland} [accept {Eire}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One leader who fought for this polity was falsely accused by Richard Piggott of supporting the Invincibles in the Phoenix Park Murders; another early leader was known as Wolfe Tone.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ireland", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c66a", "qanta_id": 22807, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One leader who fought for this polity was falsely accused by Richard Piggott of supporting the Invincibles in the Phoenix Park Murders; another early leader was known as Wolfe Tone. A rebellion in this polity involved the takeover of the General Post Office and resulted in the execution of [*] Roger Casement. Its war for independence is known as the Black and Tan War, and the Battle of the Boyne was fought in this nation. Its first Taoseach [TEA-shock], \u00c9amon de Valera, was the leader of Sinn Fein. For 10 points, the Easter Rising took place in what nation, which gained its independence from Great Britain many decades after the Potato Famine?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 310 ], [ 311, 425 ], [ 426, 503 ], [ 504, 650 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Le {Corbusier} [accept {Eduard}-{Jeanneret Gris}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Although not this man's main field, he painted numerous set pieces, including Still Life with Red Violin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Le_Corbusier", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c66e", "qanta_id": 22811, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Although not this man's main field, he painted numerous set pieces, including Still Life with Red Violin. Along with Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Ozenfant, he wrote After Cubism, a manifesto for their movement, Purism. During World War II, he developed his [*] \"modulor\" system. Also known for his furniture, he theorized a metropolis for three million people in sixty-story skyscrapers, the Contemporary City. He then wrote his a treatise on his field, Towards a New Architecture. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect who designed many buildings in Chandigarh, India, known for the Villa Savoye.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 196 ], [ 197, 256 ], [ 257, 388 ], [ 389, 459 ], [ 460, 585 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "All {Quiet} on the {Western Front} [accept {Im Westen nictes neues}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work's author also wrote about the character Tjaden in its sequel, The Road Back, and it opens with a miscalculation leading to exorbitant rations of haricot beans and beef.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c674", "qanta_id": 22817, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work's author also wrote about the character Tjaden in its sequel, The Road Back, and it opens with a miscalculation leading to exorbitant rations of haricot beans and beef. One character in this novel has his watch stolen on his deathbed, while his [*] boots pass from M\u00fcller to Kemmerich and on to others. Its characters were inspired by the patriotic teacher Kantorek, and its title comes from an army dispatch on the day that the main character, Paul Baumer, dies. For 10 points, name this book following German soldiers in World War I, by Erich Maria Remarque.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 312 ], [ 313, 473 ], [ 474, 570 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Alexander {Pushkin}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, the protagonist gives a hare-skin jacket to a mysterious man who saves him in a snowstorm, before falling in love with the title character at Orenburg.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Pushkin", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c67c", "qanta_id": 22825, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, the protagonist gives a hare-skin jacket to a mysterious man who saves him in a snowstorm, before falling in love with the title character at Orenburg. In addition to The Captain's Daughter, this man reworked the legend of Don Juan in \"The Stone Guest,\" and wrote of [*] Evgenii's death at the hands of a statue in \"The Bronze Horseman.\" He also wrote verse novels about a man who kills Lensky in a duel over Olga, and about a Tsar whose death leads to the Time of Troubles. For 10 points, name this Russian author who penned Eugene Onegin and Boris Godunov.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 365 ], [ 366, 502 ], [ 503, 586 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{black holes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A method of removing energy from these objects was proposed by Roger Penrose because the Lense-Thirring effect creates frame-dragging around the Kerr and Kerr-Newman, or rotating, type of them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c67d", "qanta_id": 22826, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A method of removing energy from these objects was proposed by Roger Penrose because the Lense-Thirring effect creates frame-dragging around the Kerr and Kerr-Newman, or rotating, type of them. They only have three externally quantifiable properties according to the [*] no-hair theorem \u2013 charge, mass, and angular momentum. For a certain mass, the Schwarzchild radius gives the event horizon for one of these. Thought to evaporate via Hawking radiation, these are, for 10 points, what massive celestial objects from which even light cannot escape?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 324 ], [ 325, 410 ], [ 411, 548 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{sulfuric} acid [accept {oil} of {vitriol} early; accept {H2SO4} early]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It was used in the first step of an obsolete process to transform sodium chloride to hydrogen, chlorine gas, and sodium carbonate, the Leblanc process.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfuric_acid", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c684", "qanta_id": 22833, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It was used in the first step of an obsolete process to transform sodium chloride to hydrogen, chlorine gas, and sodium carbonate, the Leblanc process. It was originally created with the use of Glover towers; though now produced by the [*] contact process, that method was known as the lead chamber process. Its pure form was formally known as oil of vitriol and, along with carbon dioxide and water, it is a main component of Venus' atmosphere. For 10 points, name this strong component of acid rain with formula H2SO4.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 307 ], [ 308, 445 ], [ 446, 520 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Venice} (or {Venezia})", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One mosaic in this city features Muslim custom guards disgusted at the sight of pig meat contained in the coffin of the city's patron saint. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venice", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c6b1", "qanta_id": 22878, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One mosaic in this city features Muslim custom guards disgusted at the sight of pig meat contained in the coffin of the city's patron saint. One holiday celebrated in this city is known for the wearing of masks martina with varieties such as bauta and moretta and takes place two weeks prior to Ash Wednesday. A prominent image throughout this city is an open book, reading \"Peace Be Unto You,\" held by a (*) lion, while a major waterway in this city runs from its railway station named after St. Lucy past the Rialto Bridge and a bridge which Lord Byron described as the final sight of condemned individuals, the ? Bridge of Sighs. For 10 points, name this city that protects by law the pigeons of St. Mark's Square, and is known for the gondolas plying its canals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 142, 311 ], [ 312, 636 ], [ 636, 769 ] ], "tournament": "Geography Monstrosity 2", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Cambodia", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The crater lake of Yak Loum is found in the northeast of this country which is also the site of the Kirirom National Park.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cambodia", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c6d6", "qanta_id": 22915, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The crater lake of Yak Loum is found in the northeast of this country which is also the site of the Kirirom National Park. The controversial \"khting vor,\" or spiral-horned ox, may or may not be found in this country. A better-known ungulate from this nation is the endangered kouprey, or forest ox of this country. This country's highest point is a peak called Kravanh in the (*) Cardamon Mountains, and some of its larger cities are Kompong Cham and Battambang. A lake forming the southern border of this nation's Siem Riep province, ? Tonle Sap, is the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. For 10 points, King Norodom Sihamoni rules what country bisected by the Mekong and home to Angkor Wat?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 216 ], [ 217, 314 ], [ 315, 462 ], [ 463, 536 ], [ 537, 599 ], [ 599, 701 ] ], "tournament": "Geography Monstrosity 2", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Samuel {Beckett}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a work where Croak tells characters named Music and Words that love is the theme of the evening.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Beckett", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c72d", "qanta_id": 23002, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a work where Croak tells characters named Music and Words that love is the theme of the evening. In another work Maddy Rooney goes to the station to pick up her blind husband before learning his train was delayed because a little girl was thrown under the tracks. This author of All That Fall and Not I wrote about The Director instructing The Assistant to position a stationary man called The Protagonist into a specific pose in his play Catastrophe. In the first act of another plays a woman tries to decipher the words on a toothbrush, which is one of the items she pulls out of her bag including a revolver named Brownie. Willie climbs the mound of sand where Winnie is imprisoned at the end of his play Happy Days. This man wrote a play whose title character cannot remember the definition of viduity, loves eating bananas, and listens to recordings of his younger self on his sixty-ninth birthday. For 10 points, name this Irish author of Krapp's Last Tape who also wrote about Vladimir and Estragon in Waiting for Godot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 281 ], [ 282, 314 ], [ 315, 469 ], [ 470, 643 ], [ 644, 737 ], [ 738, 921 ], [ 922, 1045 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard International", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Carthage}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "During the Year of the Six Emperors, this city was the site of a battle in which the general Capelianus defeated the emperors Gordian I and Gordian II.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carthage", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c76f", "qanta_id": 23068, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During the Year of the Six Emperors, this city was the site of a battle in which the general Capelianus defeated the emperors Gordian I and Gordian II. One general hired by this city captured Marcus Atilius Regulus, and that Spartan named Xanthippus was victorious at the Battle of the Bagradas River. Another figure from this city used guerilla tactics from his stronghold on Mt. Eryx, but could not capture Lilybaeum, and another general from this city was beheaded by Claudius Nero, who tossed his head into his brother's camp after a victory at the Battle of the Metaurus. This polity was defeated at the Battle of Baecula, and this city sought peace after their defeat at Campi Magni. This city's citadel was called the Byrsa, and Gaius Gracchus founded a new colony here called Junonia, despite the fact that its land was salted during its defeat at the hands of Scipio Aemilianus. For 10 points, identify this city, whose leaders included Hanno the Great and Hamilcar Barca, and who fought the Punic Wars against the Roman Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 301 ], [ 302, 576 ], [ 577, 689 ], [ 690, 887 ], [ 888, 1037 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard International", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "supernova", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The r-process refers to rapid neutron capture during these phenomena.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Supernova", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c7a0", "qanta_id": 23117, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The r-process refers to rapid neutron capture during these phenomena. One type of these phenomena is useful for measuring distances in excess of one thousand megaparsecs. Another type of these phenomena lack hydrogen lines and generally occur above the Chandrasekhar limit. The abundance of the heavy elements can be explained by their nuclear synthesis during these phenomena, and the Crab Nebula was formed by one of these phenomena. In white dwarfs above 1.44 solar masses, this event leads to the formation of a black hole. For 10 points, name these extremely energetic explosions of stars.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 170 ], [ 171, 273 ], [ 274, 435 ], [ 436, 527 ], [ 528, 594 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL States", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Otto I}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler was crowned by Hildebert of Mainz, while Bruno of Cologne was a brother of this man who became Duke of Lorraine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c7b0", "qanta_id": 23133, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler was crowned by Hildebert of Mainz, while Bruno of Cologne was a brother of this man who became Duke of Lorraine. In one of his early wars, this man defeated Eberhard of Bavaria. This man won the Battle of Rechnitz near modern day Mecklenburg. This man invaded Italy after the villainous Berengar of Ivrea kidnapped this man's wife, Adelaide. In his most famous battle, which took place near Augsburg, this king laid low the forces of Grand Prince Taksony and drove a certain barbarian tribe back to Pannonia. For ten points, name this victor at the Battle of Lechfeld and son of Henry the Fowler, a German prince who became the first leader of the Holy Roman Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 188 ], [ 189, 253 ], [ 254, 352 ], [ 353, 519 ], [ 520, 677 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard International", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Elizabeth} I of England", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "During this monarch's reign, the Dutchman Guilliam Boonen introduced the spring-suspension couch to England.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Elizabeth_I_of_England", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c7d9", "qanta_id": 23174, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During this monarch's reign, the Dutchman Guilliam Boonen introduced the spring-suspension couch to England. Also during this monarch's reign, Parliament passed the Statute of Artificers, which abolished the power of gilds. This monarch signed the Treaty of Nonsuch with the Netherlands. Rebellions against this ruler include the Desmond Rebellions in Ireland and the Northern Rebellion by English Catholics. Francis Walsingham discovered the Throckmorton and Babington plots against this ruler, who knighted Sir Francis Drake. For ten points, name this last Tudor monarch of England, nicknamed the \"Virgin Queen.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 223 ], [ 224, 287 ], [ 288, 408 ], [ 409, 527 ], [ 528, 614 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard International", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{reflection}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This phenomenon can be modeled for surfaces with parallel grooves by a distribution named for Heidrich and Seidel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Reflection_(physics)", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c7e8", "qanta_id": 23189, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This phenomenon can be modeled for surfaces with parallel grooves by a distribution named for Heidrich and Seidel. One model of this phenomenon uses the microfacet approach of Torrance and Sparrow to deal with surface roughness, which assumes the slopes of surface cavities follow a normal distribution. That formulation, due to Oren and Nayar, simplifies in the case of uniform facet slope to a an approximation that exhibits a radiant intensity proportional to the cosine of the angle between observer line of sight and surface normal. Certain \"highlights\" in this phenomenon were introduced by Phong, and the aforementioned model is called Lambertian. The previously described type of this phenomenon contrasts with the behavior of perfectly \"glossy\" surfaces where radiant intensity is nonzero at only one angle, called specular. For 10 points, name this phenomenon exhibited by mirrors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 303 ], [ 304, 537 ], [ 538, 654 ], [ 655, 833 ], [ 834, 891 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard International", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{death}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Horacio Quiroga wrote a short story collection entitled Stories of Love, Madness and [this].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c847", "qanta_id": 23284, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Horacio Quiroga wrote a short story collection entitled Stories of Love, Madness and [this]. In a story of this title from Winesburg, Ohio, Elizabeth Willard tells Doctor Reefy about the money hidden underneath her floorboards. Simone de Beauvoir wrote about her mother's battle with cancer in a book entitled A Very Easy [this]. It is described as \"a master from Germany\" in a poem entitled \"Fugue of [this]\" by Paul Celan. It is the first word of the title of a short story in which Erik L\u00f6nnrot uses the Kabbalah to investigate a series of murders, and in the title of that story it is paired with \"the Compass.\" For 10 points, name this thing which Dylan Thomas claims \"shall have no dominion\" and which is commanded by John Donne to \"be not proud.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 227 ], [ 228, 329 ], [ 330, 424 ], [ 425, 615 ], [ 616, 753 ] ], "tournament": "MELD", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Yasunari {Kawabata}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, a woman detaches her right arm and gives it to the narrator to keep for a night.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c86b", "qanta_id": 23320, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, a woman detaches her right arm and gives it to the narrator to keep for a night. In one of his novels, the patriarch of the Ogata family reconsiders his relationship with his philandering son Shuichi. In another, Kikuji has an affair with Mrs. Ota, a former mistress of his dead father. He also wrote a novel which centers on a match between Otake and Shusai, and one in which Shimamura has an affair with the geisha Komako while visiting the titular region of Japan. For 10 points, name this first Japanese winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, who wrote The Sound of the Mountain, Thousand Cranes, The Master of Go, and Snow Country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 228 ], [ 229, 314 ], [ 315, 495 ], [ 496, 666 ] ], "tournament": "MELD", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Catullus}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one poem, this poet threatens to send the addressee three hundred more poems if he doesn't return a napkin he stole.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catullus", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c86d", "qanta_id": 23322, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem, this poet threatens to send the addressee three hundred more poems if he doesn't return a napkin he stole. A line from this poet is the source of the title of a short story collection edited by Jeffrey Eugenides. He wrote an elegiac couplet whose speaker states \"I hate and I love.\" One of his poems begins, \"Wandering through many countries and over many seas, I come, my brother, to these sorrowful obsequies.\" That poem, which ends with the words \"ave atque vale,\" is addressed to the \"silent ashes\" of his brother. Many of his poems are thought to be addressed to Clodia Metelli. For 10 points, name this Roman poet many of whose poems are about his mistress Lesbia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 225 ], [ 226, 294 ], [ 294, 425 ], [ 426, 531 ], [ 532, 596 ], [ 597, 683 ] ], "tournament": "MELD", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Beowulf", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This poem contains a passage in which a poet retells the story of the fight at Finnesburg, which is also told in a fragment included in Frederick Klaeber's edition of this poem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Beowulf", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c886", "qanta_id": 23347, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poem contains a passage in which a poet retells the story of the fight at Finnesburg, which is also told in a fragment included in Frederick Klaeber's edition of this poem. A 1936 lecture on this poem argued that it should be studied as a text rather than as a historical document, and was subtitled \"The Monsters and the Critics.\" This poem opens by describing the sea burial of Scyld Scefing. Wiglaf is the only person to accompany the protagonist during his attempt to slay a dragon, which takes place years after he kills the two other primary antagonists. For 10 points, name this epic poem about a hero who saves Hrothgar from the monster Grendel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 335 ], [ 335, 399 ], [ 400, 565 ], [ 566, 658 ] ], "tournament": "MELD", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Finland [or {Suomi}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote two novels about a character whose last name means \"hairy foot,\" entitled The Adventurer and The Wanderer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Finland", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c8b2", "qanta_id": 23391, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author from this country wrote two novels about a character whose last name means \"hairy foot,\" entitled The Adventurer and The Wanderer. That author, Mika Waltari, also wrote a massive historical novel called The Egyptian. This country's national anthem derives from the beginning of The Tales of Ensign St\u00e5l, an epic poem by Johan Ludvig Runeberg. Timo and Simeoni are among the title characters in what is often considered this country's first novel, Aleksis Kivi's Seven Brothers. One author from this country depicted agrarian life in works such as The Maid Silja and Meek Heritage. For 10 points, name this country home to the Nobel-winning Frans Eemil Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4 as well as Elias L\u00f6nnrot, the compiler of the Kalevala.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 227 ], [ 228, 353 ], [ 354, 488 ], [ 489, 591 ], [ 592, 728 ] ], "tournament": "MELD", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William {Golding}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This author's only play is about a Greek scientist who invents the steam engine, the printing press, and gunpowder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Golding", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c8ba", "qanta_id": 23399, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author's only play is about a Greek scientist who invents the steam engine, the printing press, and gunpowder. He described the painter Samuel Mountjoy's imprisonment in a POW camp in the novel Free Fall. Close Quarters and Fire Down Below form a trilogy with a novel about Edmund Talbot's trip to Australia, Rites of Passage. He wrote about the destruction of the Neanderthals by Homo sapiens in The Inheritors. In his best known work, Simon is killed when he is mistaken for the beast by a tribe led by Jack, who later steals Piggy's glasses to make a fire. For 10 points, name this author of Lord of the Flies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 209 ], [ 210, 238 ], [ 239, 331 ], [ 332, 417 ], [ 418, 564 ], [ 565, 618 ] ], "tournament": "MELD", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Der Steppenwolf}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel likes to sit on a stairway landing which contains an araucaria plant that he considers a symbol of \"bourgeois cleanliness.\" \u00a0", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Steppenwolf_(novel)", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c94c", "qanta_id": 23545, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this novel likes to sit on a stairway landing which contains an araucaria plant that he considers a symbol of \"bourgeois cleanliness.\" \u00a0A character in this novel shoots the drivers of passing automobiles during a war between men and machines. \u00a0The protagonist of this novel commits a gaffe at a dinner party when he insults a portrait of Goethe owned by his host's wife, and afterwards dreams about meeting Goethe. \u00a0In another section of this novel, a man carrying a placard advertising \"anarchist (*) evening entertainment\" gives a brochure to the protagonist, the text of which interrupts the novel and purports to be a treatise on the title figure. With the help of the jazz saxophonist Pablo, this novel's protagonist is able to enter a place marked \"for madmen only.\" \u00a0The protagonist fulfills a prophecy given by Hermine when he stabs her to death inside the magic theater. For 10 points, name this novel in which the aging loner Harry Haller identifies himself with the title creature, a work of Herman Hesse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 155, 263 ], [ 263, 435 ], [ 435, 670 ], [ 671, 793 ], [ 793, 898 ], [ 899, 1035 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Henrik {Ibsen}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of this author's protagonists is advised by a man who conjures the spirits of Cain and Judas Iscariot to suggest were the cornerstones of the first two kingdoms founded on \"knowledge\" and \"the cross.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henrik_Ibsen", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c95e", "qanta_id": 23563, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's protagonists is advised by a man who conjures the spirits of Cain and Judas Iscariot to suggest were the cornerstones of the first two kingdoms founded on \"knowledge\" and \"the cross.\" The protagonist of that work is identified as the foundation of \"third kingdom\" by Maximos, and is elevated to the titular role after the deaths of Gallos and Konstanzios. Another of this author's protagonists forms the titular organization after lambasting an industrialist on Constitution Day, but leaves shop after unsuccessfully courting the Chamberlain's daughters and being turned down by the widow Rundholmen. One of this author's title characters dies alongside his longtime love, Ella (*) Rentheim, having earlier married her twin sister Gunhild to obtain a position at a bank in which he was convicted of fraud. In addition to writing about the emperor Julian in Emperor and Galilean, he wrote the plays The League of Youth and John Gabriel Borkman as well as one in which a photographer named Hjalmar Ekdal may or may not be the father of Hedvig, who commits suicide rather than kill the titular fowl. For 10 points, name this playwright of The Wild Duck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 203 ], [ 203, 204 ], [ 205, 378 ], [ 378, 624 ], [ 624, 830 ], [ 830, 1122 ], [ 1122, 1175 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Blood clotting} or {coagulation}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One protein near the start of this pathway is activated when its N-terminal domain is cleaved to make a SFLLRN sequence terminal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coagulation", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c962", "qanta_id": 23567, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One protein near the start of this pathway is activated when its N-terminal domain is cleaved to make a SFLLRN sequence terminal. That sequence then acts as a tethered ligand, initiating trans-membrane signalling, and is found in PAR1. This process can also be initiated by the activation of kallikrein, which itself leads to the cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen. One step in this process is mediated by a glycoprotein stored in ?-granules and involves the adhesion of specialized cell fragments to (*) collagen, and a family of drugs targeting this pathway are based on coumarin. One type of cells involved in this process release calcium ions and thromboxane A2 which helps recruit more cells that participate in this process. For 10 points, name this process which results in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and subsequent network formation of an impermeable structure which notably includes platelets.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 235 ], [ 236, 374 ], [ 375, 441 ], [ 441, 450 ], [ 451, 591 ], [ 592, 741 ], [ 741, 924 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Alexander II} [prompt on {Alexander}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man tried to dissuade unrealistic expectations by saying \"No daydreaming, gentlemen!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_II_of_Russia", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550c97a", "qanta_id": 23591, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man tried to dissuade unrealistic expectations by saying \"No daydreaming, gentlemen!\" during an early trip abroad. He kept a regular schedule of an afternoon walk with his beloved Irish setter named Milord. He made up a secret codeword for sex called \"bingerle\" with his longtime mistress Catherine, whom he married after the death of his wife Maria. This man was tutored as a youth by the author of the poem \"A Bard in the Camp of Russian Warriors,\" Vasily Zhukovsky. He declared martial law after the (*) January Uprising and appointed \"Mikhail the Hangman,\" who brutally suppressed the Poles. During his reign, he re-established the Diet of Finland and elevated Finnish to a national language. The Church of the Savior on Blood was built as a memorial to this man. Domestically, he established a system of local self-government called zemstvos. For 10 points, name this tsar who emancipated the serfs before being assassinated by the People's Will in 1881.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 119 ], [ 120, 211 ], [ 212, 355 ], [ 356, 473 ], [ 474, 600 ], [ 601, 701 ], [ 702, 772 ], [ 773, 852 ], [ 853, 964 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{coagulation} [or {thrombosis}; accept {blood clotting} and word forms before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Because this process uses VKORC to recycle components, it can be inhibited by a coumarin derivative called warfarin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coagulation", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ca2a", "qanta_id": 23767, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Because this process uses VKORC to recycle components, it can be inhibited by a coumarin derivative called warfarin. Tissue factor initiates the extrinsic pathway of this process, and when endothelial cells are damaged, its von Willebrand factor bonds to collagen. This process is inhibited by Bernard-Souleir syndrome and by another disorder caused by a lack of [*] factor VIII, disrupting this process's namesake cascade. In this process, thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin strands that assist the platelet plug in closing the wound. Disrupted in hemophiliacs, for 10 points, name this process by which blood clots.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 264 ], [ 265, 423 ], [ 424, 539 ], [ 540, 621 ] ], "tournament": "St. Anselms and Torrey Pines", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Blood clotting} or {coagulation}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One protein near the start of this pathway is activated when its N-terminal domain is cleaved to make a SFLLRN sequence terminal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coagulation", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ca2c", "qanta_id": 23769, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One protein near the start of this pathway is activated when its N-terminal domain is cleaved to make a SFLLRN sequence terminal. That sequence then acts as a tethered ligand, initiating trans-membrane signalling, and is found in PAR1. This process can also be initiated by the activation of kallikrein, which itself leads to the cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen. One step in this process is mediated by a glycoprotein stored in ?-granules and involves the adhesion of specialized cell fragments to (*) collagen, and a family of drugs targeting this pathway are based on coumarin. One type of cells involved in this process release calcium ions and thromboxane A2 which helps recruit more cells that participate in this process. For 10 points, name this process which results in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and subsequent network formation of an impermeable structure which notably includes platelets.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 235 ], [ 236, 374 ], [ 375, 441 ], [ 441, 450 ], [ 451, 591 ], [ 592, 741 ], [ 741, 924 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William {Wordsworth}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one poem, this poet recounts riding on a moonlit night to the cottage of his lover, when the wayward thought strikes him that she may be dead.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Wordsworth", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ca35", "qanta_id": 23778, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem, this poet recounts riding on a moonlit night to the cottage of his lover, when the wayward thought strikes him that she may be dead. In another poem, this author describes a maid who asks \"Sisters and brothers...How many may you be? / How many?\" This author of \"Strange Fits of Passion Have I Known\" and \"We are Seven,\" described objects \"beside the lake, beneath the trees / fluttering and dancing in the breeze.\" Another of his works states \"Five years have past; five summers with the length / of five long winters.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"I wandered lonely as a cloud\" and \"Tintern Abbey,\" the co-author of Lyrical Ballads with Coleridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 225 ], [ 225, 247 ], [ 248, 258 ], [ 259, 273 ], [ 274, 427 ], [ 428, 532 ], [ 533, 668 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Tempest}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Characters in this play explain why their swords are drawn by inventing a story about \"a whole herd of lions.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tempest", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ca3b", "qanta_id": 23784, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Characters in this play explain why their swords are drawn by inventing a story about \"a whole herd of lions.\" At one point in this work, an engagement is celebrated by the appearances of Isis, Ceres, and Juno. In this play, the drunken servants Trinculo and Stephano plot malfeasance, but are driven off by spirits in the shape of dogs and hounds. The villains Sebastian and Antonio plan to kill Alonso, who had previously helped depose the proper Duke of Milan. One of the characters in this play is the son of the witch Sycorax and is a deformed monster who tries to rape Miranda. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare comedy featuring the master of Ariel and Caliban, Prospero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 210 ], [ 211, 348 ], [ 349, 463 ], [ 464, 583 ], [ 584, 680 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Antonio Lucio {Vivaldi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this composer's operas, Zelim and Melindo are switched at birth by Mamud.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ca3d", "qanta_id": 23786, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this composer's operas, Zelim and Melindo are switched at birth by Mamud. The Opus No. 3 of this composer of Truth and Ordeal often features a solo cello, even though it is a set of twelve concerti for one, two, and four violins. His only surviving oratorio was inspired by the beheading of Holerfones. This composer of L'Estro Armanico and Judith Triumphant wrote a piece for solo violin and basso continuo that concerns \"The Hunt,\" \"Pleasure,\" and \"The Sea Storm.\" His best-known works are contained in the larger work called The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this \"Red Priest\" whose contains The Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 239 ], [ 240, 312 ], [ 313, 475 ], [ 475, 476 ], [ 477, 580 ], [ 581, 651 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Andrew {Jackson} [prompt on \"{Old Hickory}\" until mentioned]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man provided ships for another man to start a colony on the Red River and later testified on behalf of that man, Aaron Burr.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Andrew_Jackson", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ca4b", "qanta_id": 23800, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man provided ships for another man to start a colony on the Red River and later testified on behalf of that man, Aaron Burr. This leader vetoed a bill that would help construct a road entirely within Kentucky called the Maysville Road. His wife's divorce from Captain Robards was not finalized before this president married her. Some of his advisers were newspaper editors Francis Blair and Amos Kendall. Those men served in this man's informal group of advisers called the \"Kitchen Cabinet.\"\u00a0This president feuded with Nicholas Biddle, the head of the Second Bank of the United States. For 10 points, name this president during the 1830's who was known as Old Hickory.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 240 ], [ 241, 333 ], [ 334, 409 ], [ 410, 497 ], [ 498, 591 ], [ 592, 674 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{alkynes} [prompt on {triple bond} before it is mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": ",3-diaminopropane accelerates the isomerization of one type of these compounds in a zipper-like fashion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkyne", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ca71", "qanta_id": 23838, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": ",3-diaminopropane accelerates the isomerization of one type of these compounds in a zipper-like fashion. The Glaser Coupling results in the joining of two of these compounds, and they can be synthesized through the Corey-Fuchs reaction. Potassium permanganate oxides these compounds to two carboxylic acids, and they can be selectively reduced to a similar functional group in the presence of a palladium catalyst named for Lindlar. The central carbon atoms in these groups have sp hybridization, and the two unhybridized p orbitals form the two pi bonds in these groups. For 10 points, name these compounds containing a carbon-carbon triple bond.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 236 ], [ 237, 432 ], [ 433, 571 ], [ 572, 647 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Raphael} [or {Rafaello Sanzio da Urbino}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist painted a fresco for the Stanza dell'Incendio which shows a raging fire in the foreground as Pope Leo IV makes a sign of the cross in the background, while two angels hold chalices that catch Jesus' blood during the titular event in his Mond Crucifixion .", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Raphael", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ca72", "qanta_id": 23839, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted a fresco for the Stanza dell'Incendio which shows a raging fire in the foreground as Pope Leo IV makes a sign of the cross in the background, while two angels hold chalices that catch Jesus' blood during the titular event in his Mond Crucifixion . In Ingres' The Apotheosis of Homer, this artist is being led by Apelles towards Homer. He also produced a portrait of Baldassare Castiglione. In his best known work, one figure clutches a copy of the Nicomachean Ethics as another figure standing beside him points upwards, toward the eternal forms. For 10 points, name this artist who depicted Plato and Aristotle at the center of his The School of Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 267 ], [ 268, 354 ], [ 355, 409 ], [ 410, 566 ], [ 567, 674 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Vishnu ", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Alvars were a mystical sect who worshipped this figure, and devotees of this figures followed scholars such as Ramanujacharya and Chaitanya, the latter of whom founded the Gaudiya school.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vishnu", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ca83", "qanta_id": 23856, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Alvars were a mystical sect who worshipped this figure, and devotees of this figures followed scholars such as Ramanujacharya and Chaitanya, the latter of whom founded the Gaudiya school. Those devotees of this figure revered the Bhagavata Purana. The Vijayanagaras built the Ranganatha temple dedicated to this deity at Srirangam, and this deity possesses a conch called Panchajanya. \u00a0He is depicted resting on Ananta, and he uses the naga-hating Garuda as his mount. He\u00a0is yet to descend onto the earth in his form as Kalki.\u00a0For 10 points, identify this God who took on the form of a fish, a turtle, and seven other beings, a member of the Trimurti who is known as the \"preserver God\" of Hinduism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 251 ], [ 252, 390 ], [ 390, 472 ], [ 473, 530 ], [ 531, 703 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{polymers} [do not accept or prompt on \"{monomers}\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of the most accurate thermodynamic models describing them is the FJC model, and in that model, they can be thought of as various segments whose dimension is the Kuhn length.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymer", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ca9f", "qanta_id": 23884, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the most accurate thermodynamic models describing them is the FJC model, and in that model, they can be thought of as various segments whose dimension is the Kuhn length. Another thermodynamic theory developed by Flory and Huggins describes their interactions in solvents. \"Block\" varieties of these are simply two or more different ones of these which are covalently bonded, and reactions in which these substances are produced from free radicals have initiation, propagation, and termination steps. \u00a0For 10 points, identify these substances which are composed of several building blocks, examples of which include polyethylene and polypropylene.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 279 ], [ 280, 509 ], [ 509, 654 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Mark {Twain} (or Samuel {Clemens}, accept {Advice} to {Little Girls} until stated)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The narrator tells the titular group that if their mother tells them to do something then it is wrong to say you won't in his \"Advice to Little Girls\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mark_Twain", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cab3", "qanta_id": 23904, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The narrator tells the titular group that if their mother tells them to do something then it is wrong to say you won't in his \"Advice to Little Girls\". Other short stories deal with an item given to Mr. and Mrs. Richards that turns out to be lead while another work focuses on Jim Smiley and the titular creature named Dan'l Webster. Novels by this author include one\u00a0co-written\u00a0by Charles Warner that sees a family try to sell the land of Silas Hawkins and another where Hank Morgan wakes up to find himself in medieval\u00a0England.\u00a0In a more famous work, the Duke and the\u00a0Dauphin parody Shakespeare, and the titular character says \"All right, then I'll go to hell\" when he decides to help the slave Jim. \u00a0FTP identify this author of The Gilded Age and\u00a0The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 333 ], [ 334, 529 ], [ 530, 703 ], [ 703, 785 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Mark {Twain} (or Samuel {Clemens})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his short stories sees cranberry farmer Sandy McWilliams explain heaven to Capt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mark_Twain", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cab7", "qanta_id": 23908, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his short stories sees cranberry farmer Sandy McWilliams explain heaven to Capt. Elias Stormfield, while in one of his novels the orphan Laura is adopted by the Hawkins family before killing Col. Selby. In another of his works, the title character proves that Chambers and Tom Driscoll were switched at birth. In addition to co-authoring The Gilded Age and writing Pudd'nhead Wilson, in one of his novels Miles Hendon helps Edward take his rightful position from Tom Canty. FTP, name this author of The Prince and Pauper who also created Huckleberry Finn.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 209 ], [ 210, 316 ], [ 317, 480 ], [ 481, 562 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{photoelectric} effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The probability of absorption via this effect is proportional to the cube of the atomic number and linearly with the mass density.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Photoelectric_effect", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cac3", "qanta_id": 23920, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The probability of absorption via this effect is proportional to the cube of the atomic number and linearly with the mass density. An early observation of this effect was due to Heinrich Hertz, who observed stronger emissions from a spark gap in a dark box with a quartz lid compared to one with a glass lid. Robert Millikan's experiments with this effect gave the Planck's constant within 0.5% accuracy. It only occurs when the energy of the causative particles is greater than the work function of the target, and Albert Einstein won the Nobel prize for his work on this effect. For 10 points, identify this effect that sees the emission of charged particles from materials when high-frequency light is shone on them.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 308 ], [ 309, 404 ], [ 405, 580 ], [ 581, 719 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Switzerland} [or {die Schweiz}; or la {Suisse}; or la {Svizzera}; or la {Svriza}; or {Swiss Confederation}; or {Confoederatio Helvetica}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Two regions in this modern-day nation fought a war in the 1440s over the succession rights to the Duchy of Toggenburg.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Switzerland", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cac5", "qanta_id": 23922, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two regions in this modern-day nation fought a war in the 1440s over the succession rights to the Duchy of Toggenburg. Peasants in this nation formed the League of Huttwil and rose up in 1653. The Ruetlischwur is an oath of allegiance that men in this country swore to become \"Eidgenosses.\" Its three oldest regions joined in the Federal Charter to form a league of three \"forest\" polities. Heinrich Bullinger was a reformer in this nation, where religious strife prompted the two Kappel Wars. This nation was the home of Huldrych Zwingli, who led a reformation in Zurich. For 10 points, name this canton-composed country with a longstanding policy of neutrality.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 192 ], [ 193, 289 ], [ 289, 290 ], [ 291, 390 ], [ 391, 493 ], [ 494, 572 ], [ 573, 663 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Bertrand {Russell}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this thinker rejected the Catholic view of the titular concepts as preventers of fornication and argues that weddings should not be binding until the birth of a child.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cad3", "qanta_id": 23936, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this thinker rejected the Catholic view of the titular concepts as preventers of fornication and argues that weddings should not be binding until the birth of a child. This man rebuked Meinong for not distinguishing between meaning and notation and outlines three forms of the titular distinguishing phrases in an essay that examined the phrase \"the King of France is bald.\" Another work by this author of Marriage and Morals and On Denoting responded to na\u00efve set theory formulated namesake paradox. For 10 points, name this co-author of Principia Mathematica with Alfred Whitehead.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 386 ], [ 387, 512 ], [ 513, 595 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Charles-Camille {Saint}-{Saens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Zygmunt Stojowski quipped that this composer's second piano concerto \"begins with Bach and ends with Offenbach.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Camille_Saint-Sa\u00ebns", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cae3", "qanta_id": 23952, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Zygmunt Stojowski quipped that this composer's second piano concerto \"begins with Bach and ends with Offenbach.\" One of his last compositions was a film score for The Assassination of the Duke of Guise. He dedicated to Franz Liszt his third symphony, which features an instrument mastered by Charles-Marie Widor. One of his works sets to music an Henri Cazalis poem that begins \"Zig, Zig, Zig!\" This composer used xylophones to mimic the rattling of bones in his Danse Macabre, which is similar to the \"Fossils\" movement of a work that also uses a slow can-can dance in the \"Tortoises\" movement. For 10 points, name this composer of The Carnival of the Animals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 111, 202 ], [ 203, 312 ], [ 313, 394 ], [ 395, 595 ], [ 596, 661 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ernest Miller {Hemingway}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters contracts gonorrhea from a sales girl while riding in a taxicab.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ernest_Hemingway", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550caf0", "qanta_id": 23965, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's characters contracts gonorrhea from a sales girl while riding in a taxicab. Another of his characters is an American tourist in Italy who wishes to rescue the titular feline of the story she appears in. This author of \"A Very Short Story\" and \"Cat in the Rain\" wrote a story in which the protagonist returns from World War I to a place in Michigan where he used to fish. That story features this man's recurring character of Nick Adams and appeared in his collection In Our Time. In one of his novels, Robert Jordan fights in the Spanish Civil War, while in another, Santiago hooks a gigantic marlin. For 10 points, name this author of For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and the Sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 223 ], [ 224, 391 ], [ 392, 487 ], [ 488, 500 ], [ 501, 621 ], [ 622, 656 ], [ 657, 709 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{HIV} [or {human immunodeficiency virus}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Psi element of this agent is responsible for the packaging of its genome and interacts with the Gag and Rev proteins in this agent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "HIV", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb1b", "qanta_id": 24008, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Psi element of this agent is responsible for the packaging of its genome and interacts with the Gag and Rev proteins in this agent. Individuals possessing a homozygous 32 base pair deletion in the CCR5 chemokine receptor are resistant to infections by the R5 strain of this organism. The V3 loop of a glycoprotein present in them confers tropism characteristic of different strains of this agent, and it infects cells possessing a CD4 receptor such as helper-T cells and macrophages. The most common drugs that fight this agent are nucleoside analogues which inhibit the function of reverse transcriptase, an early example of which was AZT. For 10 points, identify this infectious agent which causes AIDS.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 287 ], [ 288, 487 ], [ 488, 644 ], [ 645, 709 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of {Cambodia} [or {Kampuchea}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Spanish travelers to this nation in the 1500s referred to it by the name of its former capital, Lovek.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cambodia", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb1e", "qanta_id": 24011, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Spanish travelers to this nation in the 1500s referred to it by the name of its former capital, Lovek. A ruler of this nation founded the government-in-exile called GRUNK, which brought to prominence a party in this nation that sought to turn \"New People\" into \"Old People.\" The Chenla and Funan Kingdoms once dominated this modern nation. Norodom Sihanouk was a king of this nation who was deposed by Lon Nol. It was home to an ancient kingdom led by Jayavarman and Suryavarman. For 10 points, name this modern-day country that was once home to the Angkor Wat-constructing Khmer Empire, a nation that was led by Pol Pot in the twentieth century.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 274 ], [ 275, 339 ], [ 340, 410 ], [ 411, 479 ], [ 480, 646 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Death}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one depiction of this figure, a muscular, shirtless man reaches up to him in a pose that mimics Adam in Michelangelo's Creation, while a child below him clutches at a gray woman whose lap contains a sprawling gray baby.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb33", "qanta_id": 24032, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one depiction of this figure, a muscular, shirtless man reaches up to him in a pose that mimics Adam in Michelangelo's Creation, while a child below him clutches at a gray woman whose lap contains a sprawling gray baby. In another depiction, this figure journeys past a writing snake near a solitary dead tree in front of a wooden fence. In that depiction, this figure is going the wrong way along a race track. He is the half-brother of Sleep in a Waterhouse painting, and a renaissance motif sees him sneaking up on a maiden. For 10 points, name this figure, depicted by Benjamin West and Albert Pinkham Ryder \"on a pale horse.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 222 ], [ 223, 340 ], [ 341, 414 ], [ 415, 530 ], [ 531, 633 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Heracles} [accept {Hercules}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He angrily fired an arrow at the sun, which caused Helios to give him a golden cup.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heracles", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb3b", "qanta_id": 24040, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He angrily fired an arrow at the sun, which caused Helios to give him a golden cup. This figure killed the dog Orthrus while battling an enemy with three bodies. He was served wine by Pholus, who accidentally died after touching one of this figure's arrows. After being reprimanded for errors, he killed his musical tutor Linus. He himself was killed after wearing a garment soaked with the blood of the centaur Nessus, which was given to him by his wife Deianira. He wore the invincible pelt of the Nemean Lion as a cloak after killing it. For 10 points, name this Greek hero, a son of Zeus, who notably cleaned the Augean stables and killed the Hydra as part of his twelve labors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 161 ], [ 162, 257 ], [ 258, 328 ], [ 329, 464 ], [ 465, 540 ], [ 541, 682 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Importance of Being {Earnest}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A character in this play talks about \"agricultural depression,\" an epidemic among the aristocracy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb3f", "qanta_id": 24044, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A character in this play talks about \"agricultural depression,\" an epidemic among the aristocracy. Another character has refuted Anabaptist views in four unpublished sermons. That character, Dr. Chasuble, is in love with the governess Miss Prism, who eventually reveals that she once lost a baby by placing it in a handbag. Gwendolen's cousin loves Cecily and later reveals that he escapes obligations by visiting a fictitious friend named Bunbury, while at the end of this play Lady Bracknell reveals Jack's real name. For 10 points, name this comedy in which Jack and Algernon Moncrieff both pretend to be the character referenced in the title, a comedy by Oscar Wilde.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 174 ], [ 175, 323 ], [ 324, 519 ], [ 520, 671 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Friedrich Wilhelm {Nietzsche}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author claimed that there is no right to hold a bird of prey accountable for being a bird of prey.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb42", "qanta_id": 24047, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author claimed that there is no right to hold a bird of prey accountable for being a bird of prey. Ernst Haeckel latched onto this philosopher's idea of the \"world riddle.\" A renowned translator and interpreter of this philosopher's works was Walter Kaufman. This thinker chastised his prior love of Wagner in an \"attempt at self-criticism\" appended to a work in which he contrasted the Dionysian and Apollonian aspects of the title art form. He described the \"blond beast\" in his treatment of ethics, On the Genealogy of Morals. For 10 points, name this philosopher who proclaimed \"God is Dead\" in The Gay Science and wrote The Birth of Tragedy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 176 ], [ 176, 177 ], [ 178, 263 ], [ 264, 447 ], [ 448, 534 ], [ 535, 651 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Franz Joseph Haydn", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He composed a set of works dedicated to Grand Duke Paul of Russia that includes pieces such as \"The Birds\" and \"How Do You Do?\" and one finale contains various pauses to confuse the audience, titled \"The Joke.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb4e", "qanta_id": 24059, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He composed a set of works dedicated to Grand Duke Paul of Russia that includes pieces such as \"The Birds\" and \"How Do You Do?\" and one finale contains various pauses to confuse the audience, titled \"The Joke.\" One of his works contains the \"Ewiger, machtiger Gott\" chorus towards the end of its \"Spring\" movement. Another set of his works are occaisonally named for his collaborator Johann Salomon, including one whose second movement contains an 8-note accompaniment by the bassoons that imitates the ticking of the title device, and another which derives its name from the loud G chord in its sixteenth measure. For 10 points, identify this composer of the\u00a0Clock\u00a0and\u00a0Surprise\u00a0symphonies.\u00a0", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 211, 314 ], [ 315, 614 ], [ 615, 690 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ivan {Turgenev}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of his short stories describes an expert huntsman who is attracted to Arina Timofeyevna, and in another short story, Vassily Vasilych describes his suffering to the narrator before comparing himself to the titular Shakespearean character.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_Turgenev", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb4f", "qanta_id": 24060, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his short stories describes an expert huntsman who is attracted to Arina Timofeyevna, and in another short story, Vassily Vasilych describes his suffering to the narrator before comparing himself to the titular Shakespearean character. In another work one of the protagonists feuds with his companion's uncle Pavel, and that protagonist is earlier rejected when he confesses his love for Anna Sergeevna. The former collection contains such stories as \"Yermolai and the Miller's Wife\" and \"Hamlet of the Schigrovsky District,\" while in the latter novel, Arkady is enthralled with the nihilistic theories of Bazarov. For 10 points, identify this author of\u00a0A Sportsman's Sketches\u00a0and\u00a0Fathers and Sons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 242 ], [ 243, 410 ], [ 411, 621 ], [ 622, 705 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Leonhard Paul {Euler} [OIL-er]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This mathematician proved the product sum identity for a real-number analogue of the Riemann zeta function and used its divergence at a value of one to show that there are infinitely many primes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb6f", "qanta_id": 24092, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This mathematician proved the product sum identity for a real-number analogue of the Riemann zeta function and used its divergence at a value of one to show that there are infinitely many primes. As n goes to infinity, the difference between the nth harmonic number and the natural log of n goes to a constant of which he is the first namesake and that is symbolized gamma. For a polyhedron, the number of vertices minus number of edges plus number of faces is equal to his namesake characteristic, chi [rhymes with \"eye\"]. He inaugurated graph theory by solving the Seven Bridges of K\u00f6nigsberg [KER-nigs-bairg] problem. For 10 points, name this prolific mathematician who discovered a constant equal to about 2.718, the usual symbol for which is his last initial.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 373 ], [ 374, 523 ], [ 524, 594 ], [ 595, 620 ], [ 621, 764 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ren\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Ghislain {Magritte}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted a man facing a mirror in whose reflection he is facing away from himself in Not to Be Reproduced.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Magritte", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb92", "qanta_id": 24127, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist depicted a man facing a mirror in whose reflection he is facing away from himself in Not to Be Reproduced. He showed a room with eight smaller images on the walls, including a nude female torso, and a cannon in the foreground, in On the Threshold of Liberty. This artist also showed a score of identical men falling from the sky near a red-roofed building in Golconde. Other paintings of his show a train coming out of a fireplace and a man with an apple in front of his face. Identify this Belgian artist who, in his The Treachery of Images, famously claimed that one of his paintings \u2026Is Not a Pipe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 270 ], [ 271, 380 ], [ 381, 488 ], [ 489, 599 ], [ 599, 613 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Wolfgang Amadeus {Mozart}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Fernando Sor's opus nine consists of variations for guitar of a theme by this composer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cb94", "qanta_id": 24129, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Fernando Sor's opus nine consists of variations for guitar of a theme by this composer. Another theme by this composer provided the basis for the variations and fugue by Max Reger. He wrote his clarinet concerto in A major for Anton Stadler, and composed a fugue based on five themes in the fourth movement of his last symphony. Tchaikovsky's fourth orchestral suite is based on works of this composer, including his setting of the Ave verum corpus. According to legend, he transcribed Giorgio Allegri's Miserere from memory at age twelve, and his works are categorized by K\u00f6chel numbers. For 10 points, name this composer of the Jupiter symphony and Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 180 ], [ 181, 328 ], [ 329, 449 ], [ 450, 588 ], [ 589, 674 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Prague Spring} [or {Prazske jaro}; or {Prazska jar}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This period was the subject of negotiations at Cierna. Those who fomented this period were angry over the lingering effects of the Slansky trials of sixteen years prior.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prague_Spring", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cba3", "qanta_id": 24144, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This period was the subject of negotiations at Cierna. Those who fomented this period were angry over the lingering effects of the Slansky trials of sixteen years prior. It was preceded by the fourth congress of the Writers Union and it saw the publication of \"The Two Thousand Words.\" Events during this period included the self-immolation of Jan Palach and the creation of the Action Program. The beginning of this period saw the replacement of Antonin Novotny. It was followed by a period of \"normalization\" under Gustav Hus\u00e1k. This period saw the introduction of programs based around \"socialism with a human face\" and it was ended by a Soviet invasion. For 10 points, name this time period sparked by the 1968 reforms of Alexander Dub?ek in the Czechoslovak capital.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 285 ], [ 286, 394 ], [ 395, 463 ], [ 464, 530 ], [ 531, 657 ], [ 658, 771 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "the {Green Knight} [accept {Sir Bertilak} de {Hautdesert} before mentioned]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As a test, this character orders his wife to attempt to seduce the rider of Gringolet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cba5", "qanta_id": 24146, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As a test, this character orders his wife to attempt to seduce the rider of Gringolet. This character respectively receives one, two, and three kisses in exchange for venison, a boar's head, and the skin of a fox. He draws blood from another character because of that character's possession of a magic girdle, before revealing that he is the host of Castle Hautdesert. At the beginning of the poem he appears in, he picks up his head and rides away after being decapitated by an axe. He reveals that he is Sir Bertilak after playing a beheading game with a member of the Round Table. For 10 points, identify this distinctively colored character from a medieval English poem named for this character and Sir Gawain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 213 ], [ 214, 368 ], [ 369, 483 ], [ 484, 583 ], [ 584, 714 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Fathers} and {Sons} [or {Otsy} i {Deti}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel takes a book of poetry out of the hands of another and replaces it with a copy of Stoff und Kraft.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fathers_and_Sons_(novel)", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cbaf", "qanta_id": 24156, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel takes a book of poetry out of the hands of another and replaces it with a copy of Stoff und Kraft. That latter character is overheard and laughed at for playing Schubert's Die Erwartung on a cello. Sitnikoff introduces two characters to Madame Odintsoff. Frogs are collected for dissection by one character in this work, who ends up dying after cutting himself during an autopsy on a typhus-infected corpse. At the end of this novel, the characters Katya and Fenichka are married to Arkady and Kirsanoff. For 10 points, name this Russian work that features the nihilist Bazaroff and was written by Ivan Turgenev.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 225 ], [ 226, 282 ], [ 283, 435 ], [ 436, 532 ], [ 533, 640 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Zoroastrianism} [accept word forms; accept {Ahura Mazdaism} before read]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This religion holds that digging nine holes surrounded by twelve furrows, filling the holes with water, and sprinkling the water ritually on an unclean man will exorcise evil beings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cbb2", "qanta_id": 24159, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This religion holds that digging nine holes surrounded by twelve furrows, filling the holes with water, and sprinkling the water ritually on an unclean man will exorcise evil beings. This belief system fears beings that can be thwarted by invocations to Zam, Atar, and Apas, or earth, fire, and water. A set of beings feared by this belief system cannot distinguish between truth and falsehood, known as asha and druj. This religion fears demons called Daevas, the avoidance of which is the subject of the Vendidad, which is part of the holy text called the Avesta. For 10 points, name this dualistic Persian religion that reveres Ahura Mazda.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 301 ], [ 302, 418 ], [ 419, 565 ], [ 566, 643 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{World War I} [or the {Great} War]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The volunteer \"four-minute men\" gave speeches supporting this war.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "World_War_I", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cbd1", "qanta_id": 24190, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The volunteer \"four-minute men\" gave speeches supporting this war. During this war, the American Protective League conducted illegal raids on supposed \"slackers.\" Propaganda supporting this war was disseminated by a committee led by George Creel. The Nye Committee's investigation into the profits munitions companies made from this war helped lead to policy of isolationism embodied in three Neutrality Acts. The speech entering the United States into this war declared that \"the world must be made safe for democracy.\" For 10 points, name this war that prompted the creation of the League of Nations and took place during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 162 ], [ 163, 246 ], [ 247, 409 ], [ 410, 520 ], [ 521, 657 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "unemployment", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The NAIRU model for this phenomenon is advocated by Milton Friedman and proposes a baseline for it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Unemployment", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cbd8", "qanta_id": 24197, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The NAIRU model for this phenomenon is advocated by Milton Friedman and proposes a baseline for it. Edmund Phelps's investigations into it yielded an expectations-augmented form of one model of it. Causes of this include sectoral shift, which has frictional and structural forms. Arthur Okun proposed that economic output decreases by two to three percentage points for every one percentage point this rate increases. Excluding changes from business cycles yields the natural rate of this phenomenon, and William Phillips observed a correlation between an increase in wages with a decrease in this. For 10 points, name phenomena in which willing people are unable to find jobs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 197 ], [ 198, 279 ], [ 280, 417 ], [ 418, 598 ], [ 599, 677 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Gerard Manley {Hopkins}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet described his work as \"the roll, the rise, the carol, the creation\" in his \"To R.B,\" which was addressed to the compiler and popularizer of his work, Robert Bridges.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gerard_Manley_Hopkins", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cbed", "qanta_id": 24218, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet described his work as \"the roll, the rise, the carol, the creation\" in his \"To R.B,\" which was addressed to the compiler and popularizer of his work, Robert Bridges. He wrote of a man who suffered from \"Fatal four disorders\" and concludes that \"seeing the sick endears them to us, us too it endears\" in a poem about the death of a farrier. This poet praised \"the achieve of; the mastery of the thing!\" in a poem dedicated \"to Christ our Lord\" which describes the flight of a \"dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon.\" He wrote of his appreciation for \"All things counter, original, spare, strange\" in a poem which opens \"Glory be to God for dappled things.\" For 10 points, name this Catholic priest and poet of \"Felix Randal,\" \"The Windhover,\" and \"Pied Beauty.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 349 ], [ 350, 411 ], [ 412, 512 ], [ 513, 652 ], [ 653, 757 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Alexander II} [prompt on {Alexander}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler replaced the Third Department with a secret police force called the Okhrana which was headed by his interior minister Loris Melikof.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_II_of_Russia", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cbf4", "qanta_id": 24225, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler replaced the Third Department with a secret police force called the Okhrana which was headed by his interior minister Loris Melikof. This ruler banned the use of the Ukranian language with the Ems Ukaz and banned Polish after he put down the January Uprising. He signed the Aigun Treaty with Qing China and initiated the Zemstvo system. After winning battles at Pleven and Shipka Pass, he signed the Treaty of San Stefano with the Ottoman Empire. This man was assassinated by the terrorist group People's Will after his Emancipation Reform of 1861freed the serfs. For 10 points, name this Russian tsar who reigned from 1855 to 1881.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 270 ], [ 271, 347 ], [ 348, 457 ], [ 458, 574 ], [ 575, 643 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Unbearable Lightness} of {Being} [or {Nesnesiteln\u00e1 Lekhost Byti}; or {L'Insoutenable L\u00e9g\u00e8rit\u00e9}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel ponders choosing between \"the woman from the bulrush basket or the woman from Plato's myth,\" and that character abides by the \"rule of threes\" in his relationships with women.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Unbearable_Lightness_of_Being", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cbf9", "qanta_id": 24230, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel ponders choosing between \"the woman from the bulrush basket or the woman from Plato's myth,\" and that character abides by the \"rule of threes\" in his relationships with women. While in Geneva, one character in this novel falls in love with the university professor Franz, who is obsessed with the kitsch he finds in the movement called \"The Great March.\" The protagonist's favorite mistress is the painter Sabina, who ends up in California at this work's end. Its protagonist has a son named Simon and dies with Tereza in a car accident. For 10 points, Tomas's life just before the Prague Spring is chronicled in what Milan Kundera novel?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 203 ], [ 204, 381 ], [ 381, 487 ], [ 488, 565 ], [ 566, 666 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Charles {Ives}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The second movement of this composer's fourth violin sonata depicts boys throwing rocks into a creek in a section marked Allegro conslugarocko.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Ives", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cbfd", "qanta_id": 24234, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The second movement of this composer's fourth violin sonata depicts boys throwing rocks into a creek in a section marked Allegro conslugarocko. He mocked James Henderson's book What is Good Music? by writing his Three Page Sonata. One of this composer's works includes movements about a boy who falls asleep and dreams about encountering soldiers and a statue commemorating the soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts regiment; those movements are titled \"Putnam's Camp\" and \"The St. Gaudens' in Boston Common.\" This composer's second piano sonata is divided into movements called \"Emerson,\" \"Hawthorne,\" \"The Alcotts,\" and \"Thoreau.\" For 10 points, name this American modernist composer of Three Places in New England and the Concord Sonata.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 176 ], [ 177, 196 ], [ 197, 230 ], [ 231, 506 ], [ 507, 628 ], [ 628, 737 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Bose}-{Einstein} condensates [or {BECs}; prompt on {condensates}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The critical kinetic temperature in these systems is about three times h-bar squared times number density to the two-thirds, divided by the particle mass; that value is obtained by integrating the underlying particle distribution function maximum over wavevectors.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bose\u2013Einstein_condensate", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cc0c", "qanta_id": 24249, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The critical kinetic temperature in these systems is about three times h-bar squared times number density to the two-thirds, divided by the particle mass; that value is obtained by integrating the underlying particle distribution function maximum over wavevectors. A semi-classical model of these systems has each additional particle adding the ground state energy, so the Hamiltonian of these systems includes a term of the ground state potential times the square modulus of the wave function, as can be seen in the Gross-Piatevskii equation. That equation gives their ground state wave functions. Lasers can be used to create soliton trains in these materials, which may allow for the creation of extremely precise gyroscopes. They were first successfully created using rubidium in 1995 by Cornell and Wieman. For 10 points, name these compact, degenerate states formed near absolute zero from particles with integer spins.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 264 ], [ 265, 543 ], [ 544, 598 ], [ 599, 728 ], [ 729, 811 ], [ 812, 925 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ferdinand Victor Eug\u00e8ne {Delacroix} (duh-lah-KWAH)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A dead hand pokes out between some rocks in this artist's painting of a Turkish warrior and an open-armed woman representing the title country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cc17", "qanta_id": 24260, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A dead hand pokes out between some rocks in this artist's painting of a Turkish warrior and an open-armed woman representing the title country. John Constable's The Hay Wain influenced the background of another of his paintings that depicts an Ottoman soldier amongst the survivors of a massacre. This artist of Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi and The Massacre at Chios also painted a man in a top hot and boy wielding two pistols following a (*) bare-chested woman holding a tri-color flag. For 10 points, name this painter of Liberty Leading the People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 296 ], [ 297, 494 ], [ 495, 558 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ferdinand Victor Eug\u00e8ne {Delacroix}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this artist's works, knights on horseback look down at pleading residents of the titular burning city.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cc18", "qanta_id": 24261, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this artist's works, knights on horseback look down at pleading residents of the titular burning city. In one painting by this artist of The Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople, a woman with outspread arms and open palms leans on the titular object in Greece on the Ruins of (*) Missolonghi. In another work by this artist, Turkish troops carry off women. In one of his paintings, a nude woman lies on a massive red bed as the titular tyrant's slaves kill the rest of the horses and harem. In another, a man wearing a top hat and a young boy raising a pistol stand next to the titular bare-breasted woman during the July Revolution. For 10 points, name this French artist of The Massacre at Chios, The Death of Sardanapalus, and Liberty Leading the People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 308 ], [ 309, 372 ], [ 373, 506 ], [ 507, 649 ], [ 650, 773 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ferdinand Victor Eug\u00e8ne {Delacroix}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This painter showed Turkish warriors around wounded civilians of the namesake island in Massacre at Chios.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cc1c", "qanta_id": 24265, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This painter showed Turkish warriors around wounded civilians of the namesake island in Massacre at Chios. He depicted an Assyrian king watching soldiers destroy his possessions and kill his concubines in a painting based on a Byron play, Death of Sardanapalus. Another of his works shows a man in a top hat holding a rifle and a boy holding two pistols. For 10 points, who painted a semi-nude woman carrying the French flag through piles of debris and bodies, Liberty Leading the People?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 261 ], [ 262, 354 ], [ 355, 488 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Atalanta} ", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This daughter of King Iasos gave birth to Parthenopaios, one of the Seven Against Thebes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Atalanta", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cc2c", "qanta_id": 24281, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This daughter of King Iasos gave birth to Parthenopaios, one of the Seven Against Thebes. This woman killed two centaurs named Rhoecus and Hylaeus. After a man killed her uncles Plexippus and Toxeus, he died when his mother burned the stick that was tied to his life. In another story, this woman and her lover made love in a temple of Cybele's, prompting her to turn them into lions. This woman joined Meleager in the Calydonian boar hunt, and only married after Hippomenes begged Aphrodite to help him beat her at a contest. For 10 points, name this huntress who married Hippomenes after he beat her in a footrace with the help of golden apples.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 147 ], [ 148, 267 ], [ 268, 384 ], [ 385, 526 ], [ 527, 647 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "James {Joyce}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One story by this author is punctuated by the sound of corks popping out of bottles placed next to a fire, and ends with Crofton approving a poem recited by Joe Hynes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Joyce", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cc49", "qanta_id": 24310, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One story by this author is punctuated by the sound of corks popping out of bottles placed next to a fire, and ends with Crofton approving a poem recited by Joe Hynes. In another story by this author, Maria loses a plum cake on a tram and sings \"I Dreamt That I Dwelt in Marble Halls\" after touching a \"soft wet substance\" while blindfolded. This author described the sudden revelations that strike many of his characters as \"epiphanies.\" In another of this author's stories, Bartell D'Arcy's song \"The Lass of Aughrim\" causes the protagonist's wife Gretta to remember her young lover Michael Furey. For 10 points, name this author of \"Clay,\" \"Ivy Day in the Committee Room,\" and \"The Dead,\" which appear in his collection Dubliners.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 341 ], [ 342, 438 ], [ 439, 599 ], [ 600, 733 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Tin Drum} [or {Die Blechtrommel}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the grocer Greff hangs himself in an ingenious manner that involves a counterweight of potatoes and a cacophony of noise.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cc53", "qanta_id": 24320, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, the grocer Greff hangs himself in an ingenious manner that involves a counterweight of potatoes and a cacophony of noise. The protagonist is arrested after Gottfried von Vittlar's testimony, and one character in this novel dies because he falls in love with a ship's figurehead named Niobe. Another character dies by choking when he swallows a party pin. The protagonist's lovers include Sister Dorothea, whose severed finger he later finds, and Maria, who gives birth to his son Kurt. The protagonist of this novel can shatter glass with his voice and stops growing at the age of three. For 10 points, name this novel about Oskar Matzerath [MAHT-zer-aht] by G\u00fcnter Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 305 ], [ 306, 369 ], [ 370, 500 ], [ 501, 602 ], [ 603, 687 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Andrew {Jackson}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One political cartoon about this man shows him \"slaying the many headed monster,\" one head of which wears a top hat with the word \"Penn.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Andrew_Jackson", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cc8a", "qanta_id": 24375, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One political cartoon about this man shows him \"slaying the many headed monster,\" one head of which wears a top hat with the word \"Penn.\" This president nominated John McLean to the Supreme Court, and the case Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge was heard during his administration. This man was accused of bigamy by opponents due to a misunderstanding about a divorce from Lewis Robards by this man's wife, Rachel. A deranged English housepainter named Richard Lawrence would have assassinated this president had both of Lawrence's pistols not misfired. He won his first term four years after losing to John Quincy Adams in the \"corrupt bargain.\" For 10 points, name this seventh President of the United States.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 284 ], [ 285, 417 ], [ 418, 556 ], [ 557, 648 ], [ 648, 714 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Russia} [or the {Russian Federation}; do not accept or prompt on \"{Soviet Union}\" or \"{USSR}\"]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country was home a group of painters known as the Wanderers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cc93", "qanta_id": 24384, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country was home a group of painters known as the Wanderers. One artist from this country depicted a maid holding a doorknob and old woman rising in surprise as her gaunt son returns from political exile in the painting They Did Not Expect Him. An artist from this country wrote the treatise Concerning the Spiritual in Art, and another created a poster in which the word \"KLINOM\" appears above the title geometric figure, which is \"beating\" the \"whites.\" This country was home to an artist who cast his lot with the Donkey's Tail and Jack of Diamonds movements before painting White on White and founding Suprematism. El Lissitzky is from this country, which spawned the movement of Constructivism. For 10 points, name this country, home to Kasimir Malevich, Ilya Repin, and Wassily Kandinsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 249 ], [ 250, 460 ], [ 461, 623 ], [ 624, 704 ], [ 705, 799 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Quetzalcoatl} [or {White Tezcatlipoca,} but {do not accept or prompt} on {Tezcatlipoca} itself]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One aspect of this god was worshiped in an airtight cylindrical temple, represented all the cardinal directions, and blew the sun and moon into place.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cca1", "qanta_id": 24398, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One aspect of this god was worshiped in an airtight cylindrical temple, represented all the cardinal directions, and blew the sun and moon into place. In one story, this god slept with his celibate priestess sister, burning himself to death in shame. This god's heart became the morning star, the twin brother of Venus. This god created the fifth cycle of mankind by letting blood flow from his penis into a meal of ground-up bones of previous races. This analogue of Kukulcan and rival of Tezcatlipoca was mistaken for a horse-riding conquistador. For 10 points, name this feathered serpent from Aztec mythology, who was mistaken for Hernan Cortes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 250 ], [ 251, 319 ], [ 320, 450 ], [ 451, 548 ], [ 549, 649 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Carlos {Fuentes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, a historian hired to write General Llorente's memoirs seduces his employer's niece, only for her to turn into the old widow Consuelo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carlos_Fuentes", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ccb1", "qanta_id": 24414, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this author, a historian hired to write General Llorente's memoirs seduces his employer's niece, only for her to turn into the old widow Consuelo. In another novel by this author, Ixca Cienfuegos searches for human sacrifices to appease his mother Teodula Moctezuma. One of this author's title characters is comforted by Padilla playing tapes of his former transactions. That character appears in a novel in which he marries Catalina after his true love Regina is killed by Pancho Villa, and becomes a tycoon after the Mexican Revolution. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of Aura, Where the Air is Clear, and The Death of Artemio Cruz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 282 ], [ 283, 386 ], [ 387, 554 ], [ 555, 658 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Nikolay {Rimsky}-{Korsakov}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this composer's operas, a queen emerges from a tent and sings the \"Hymn to the Sun,\" and the warnings emitted by the title object are represented by a muted trumpet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cd1f", "qanta_id": 24524, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this composer's operas, a queen emerges from a tent and sings the \"Hymn to the Sun,\" and the warnings emitted by the title object are represented by a muted trumpet. In the third act of one of this composer's operas, acrobats perform the \"Dance of the Tumblers\" for Berendey. This composer wrote an opera in which Lel and Mizgir compete for the love of the title character, the daughter of Forest Sprite and Grandfather Frost. In his final opera, the disastrous invasion of Shemakhan results in the murders of the Astrologer and King Dodon, who is pecked to death by the title bird. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Golden Cockerel and The Snow Maiden, whose opera The Legend of Tsar Saltan contains \"The Flight of the Bumblebee.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 285 ], [ 286, 436 ], [ 437, 592 ], [ 593, 756 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John {Locke}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This writer said that teaching music would be in the last place of his teaching priorities, and he titled his first chapter \"Hardening the body\" in his book Some Thoughts Concerning Education.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Locke", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cd35", "qanta_id": 24546, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This writer said that teaching music would be in the last place of his teaching priorities, and he titled his first chapter \"Hardening the body\" in his book Some Thoughts Concerning Education. In another work, he attempted to dif- ferentiate between \"a ruler of a commonwealth, a father of a family, and a captain of a galley.\" He did that after show- ing that the story of Adam and Eve did not support absolute monarchy. In another work, this writer put in the paren- thetical remark, \"For white paper receives any characters.\" Name this seventeenth century philosopher who wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Two Treatises of Government.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 327 ], [ 328, 421 ], [ 422, 528 ], [ 529, 653 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Erik {Erikson}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This writer used Ingmar Bergman's film Wild Strawberries to analyze issues faced by elderly people.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Erik_Erikson", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cd51", "qanta_id": 24574, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This writer used Ingmar Bergman's film Wild Strawberries to analyze issues faced by elderly people. Many years ear- lier, this person wrote about the development through introspection achieved by both Sigmund Freud and Martin Lu- ther in his work Young Man Luther. A one-time patient of Anna Freud, he wrote that children can perceive what peo- ple really mean and that they reward love and take revenge on hatred in his book Childhood and Society. In his work In- sight and Responsibility, he wrote about the development of hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity, love, care, and wisdom as the virtues people develop during their lives. Name this developmental psychologist who wrote about eight conflicts that people face at different stages of their lives.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 264 ], [ 265, 448 ], [ 449, 640 ], [ 641, 762 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Leo Lev Nikolayevich {Tolstoy}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, Maslova is sent to Siberia after she is impregnated by Nekhyludov, and in another the husband of Praskovya Fedorovna is injured while putting up curtains.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cd67", "qanta_id": 24596, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this author, Maslova is sent to Siberia after she is impregnated by Nekhyludov, and in another the husband of Praskovya Fedorovna is injured while putting up curtains. Another novel contains the marriages of Boris Drubetskoy to Julie and Nicholas Rostov to Mary, and it ends with the marriage of Pierre Bezukhov to Natasha. That work begins at a party thrown by Anna Pavlovna Scherer, who has a conversation with Prince Vasili Kuragin. This author also wrote about a woman whose brother Stiva cheats on his wife Dolly and who eventually gets run over by a train. Identify this author of Resurrection, The Death of Ivan Ilyich, War and Peace, and Anna Karenina.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 184, 339 ], [ 340, 451 ], [ 452, 578 ], [ 579, 676 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Henrik Johan {Ibsen}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this writer contains the line, \"I have read enough about this literature to disapprove of it,\" spoken by Pastor Manders.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henrik_Ibsen", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cd85", "qanta_id": 24626, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this writer contains the line, \"I have read enough about this literature to disapprove of it,\" spoken by Pastor Manders. In that work, the carpenter Jakob turns out not to be the father of the maid Regina, who falls in love with Oswald. In another work by this writer, a young historian who was raised by two of his aunts after his parents died marries a general's daughter who tells Judge Brack that her husband should enter politics. In another work by this writer, Dr. Rank and Kristine Linde pay a visit to the Helmers shortly before Krogstad blackmails Nora. Identify this creator of Ghosts, Hedda Gabler, and A Doll's House who was a Norwegian playwright.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 248 ], [ 249, 447 ], [ 448, 575 ], [ 576, 673 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Marc {Chagall} (shuh-GAHL) [or Moishe {Chagall}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One painting by this artist has at its bottom a yellow heart in his blue hand and a yellow face and a blue face look- ing in opposite directions from the same head.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marc_Chagall", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cd8f", "qanta_id": 24636, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One painting by this artist has at its bottom a yellow heart in his blue hand and a yellow face and a blue face look- ing in opposite directions from the same head. That work, which also shows somebody parachuting near a white Eiffel Tower, is Paris Through the Window. Another work by this artist, in which the title figure is wearing a purple coat and has his feet on the roofs of two different houses, is The Green Violinist. Another work by this artist has a glowing tree at the bottom held by a hand with a ring on its index finger. The biggest faces in that work belong to a green person and a white goat. Name this artist born in what is now Belarus (beh-lah-ROOS) who created many stained glass works in addition to painting I and the Village.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 269 ], [ 270, 428 ], [ 429, 537 ], [ 538, 611 ], [ 612, 751 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Hungary} [accept {Magyarorsz\u00e1g} or {Magyar K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g} before \u201c{Magyars}\u201d]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's 1848 revolution was inspired by a speech by Lajos Kossuth (LA-joshe KO-shoot), but on October 6, 1849, its Prime Minister and its Thirteen Martyrs of Arad were executed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cd99", "qanta_id": 24646, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's 1848 revolution was inspired by a speech by Lajos Kossuth (LA-joshe KO-shoot), but on October 6, 1849, its Prime Minister and its Thirteen Martyrs of Arad were executed. Its Andrew the Second was a leader of the Fifth Crusade, and this is the modern country most closely associated with the \u00c1rp\u00e1d dynasty that ruled from the 9th through 14th centuries. It was ruled for several years by Miklos Horthy until he stood up to the Nazis during World War Two and by J\u00e1nos K\u00e1d\u00e1r (YA-noshe ka-dar) after he agreed to oppose Imre Nagy (IM-ray NOJ-ee) and the Revolution of 1956. Name this nation consisting mainly of Magyars that from 1867 to 1918 was part of a Dual Monarchy with Austria.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 367 ], [ 368, 584 ], [ 585, 695 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Joseph-Maurice {Ravel}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Based on the poems of Aloysius Bertrand, this composer wrote a collection consisting of Ondine (AHN-deen), Le Gibet, and Scarbo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurice_Ravel", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cd9f", "qanta_id": 24652, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Based on the poems of Aloysius Bertrand, this composer wrote a collection consisting of Ondine (AHN-deen), Le Gibet, and Scarbo. The rhapsody by this composer contains a Feria and a Malaguena and probably was inspired by his Basque (bask) mother. Those works are Gaspard de la nuit and Spanish rhapsody. Another piece by this composer has a snare drum rhythm and a single theme played louder and louder by different sets of instruments; it was originally a ballet composed for Ida Rubenstein. Name this rival of Claude Debussy (DEH-byoo-see) who composed Bolero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 246 ], [ 247, 303 ], [ 304, 492 ], [ 493, 562 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Giuseppe {Verdi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Some of the arias associated with this composer are \"Nium Mi Tema\", \"O Figli Miei\", (oh FEE-lee MEE-ay) and \"Se Quel Guerrier Io Fossi\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Verdi", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cdf7", "qanta_id": 24740, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some of the arias associated with this composer are \"Nium Mi Tema\", \"O Figli Miei\", (oh FEE-lee MEE-ay) and \"Se Quel Guerrier Io Fossi\". One opera by this composer is about a former pirate elected Doge (DOHJ) at the same time he learns that the mother of his child has died. Another work by this composer with a libretto by Francesco Maria Piave (pee-AH-vay) is about the tragic love between Alfredo Germont and Violetta Val\u00e9ry. Another work by this composer begins with the high priest Ramfis telling the warrior Radames (ra-DAHM-ays) that Egypt will fight with Ethiopia, but Radames falls in love with an Ethiopian slave. Name this composer of Simon Boccanegra, Otello, Macbeth, La Traviata, and Aida (i-EE-duh).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 274 ], [ 275, 428 ], [ 429, 623 ], [ 624, 714 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Samuel {Beckett}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character created by this writer demands to be given pap, and he and his wife live in trashcans.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Beckett", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ce05", "qanta_id": 24754, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character created by this writer demands to be given pap, and he and his wife live in trashcans. Another char- acter from this writer celebrates his 69th birthday by listening to a recording he made thirty years earlier and then making a new tape describing the past year. Another one of this writer's characters, who responds to both the names Abel and Cain, falls down and cannot get up after he becomes blind. That character has a slave named Lucky. Identify this playwright who wrote Endgame and Krapp's Last Tape and who wrote about Pozzo, Vladimir, and Estragon in Waiting for Godot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 276 ], [ 277, 416 ], [ 417, 456 ], [ 457, 593 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Cat} on a {Hot Tin Roof}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "According to a character in this play, Susie McPheeters had tobacco juice spit in her face and Papa Flynn manipu-", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cat_on_a_Hot_Tin_Roof", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ce55", "qanta_id": 24834, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to a character in this play, Susie McPheeters had tobacco juice spit in her face and Papa Flynn manipu- lated the stock market. In this work, Dixie, Trixie, Buster, Sonny, and Polly are the children of Mae and Gooper, and Mae is pregnant with their sixth child, which is in contrast to the childless marriage of Gooper's brother. Gooper and his brother Brick are not telling their father, Big Daddy, about his cancer, and Brick's wife Maggie wants very badly to have children. Identify this play about the Pollitt family by Tennessee Williams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 137 ], [ 138, 339 ], [ 340, 486 ], [ 487, 553 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Dmitri Dmitriyevich {Shostakovich}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this composer, which features a duet by xylophone and accordion and consists of eight pieces which can be played in any order, was formerly known as Suite for Jazz Orchestra Number Two but is now known as Suite for Variety Orchestra.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dmitri_Shostakovich", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ce66", "qanta_id": 24851, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this composer, which features a duet by xylophone and accordion and consists of eight pieces which can be played in any order, was formerly known as Suite for Jazz Orchestra Number Two but is now known as Suite for Variety Orchestra. This composer's fifth symphony, which has repeated A notes, received a half hour ovation at its premier in 1937. Due in part to his ballet The Limpid Stream, this writer was harshly criticized in a newspaper article titled \"Muddle Instead of Music\". Name this composer whose 13th symphony, based on the poetry of Yevgeny Yevtu- shenko, is nicknamed \"Babi Yar\", and who also composed the opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 245 ], [ 246, 358 ], [ 359, 384 ], [ 385, 495 ], [ 496, 676 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jawaharlal {Nehru}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man controversially arrested and later released his old ally, Sheikh Abdullah, and paid dearly for relying on the military competency of B.M. Kaul, leading this man's country to lose the Aksai Chin region in a war with its northeastern neighbor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jawaharlal_Nehru", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ceb1", "qanta_id": 24926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man controversially arrested and later released his old ally, Sheikh Abdullah, and paid dearly for relying on the military competency of B.M. Kaul, leading this man's country to lose the Aksai Chin region in a war with its northeastern neighbor. Historical writings by this man, who delivered the \"Tryst with Destiny\" speech, include the autobiographical Towards Freedom and a collection of letters to his (*) daughter organized into Glimpses of World History. The highest office held by this co-founder of the Non-Aligned Movement was later held by that daughter as well as by his grandson, though both were assassinated. A leader of the Congress Party along with Mahatma Gandhi, for 10 points, name this first prime minister of India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 250 ], [ 251, 465 ], [ 466, 627 ], [ 628, 741 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{pragmatism}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An \"analytic\" form of this philosophy is advocated by contemporary proponents like Robert Brandom.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pragmatism", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550ceb5", "qanta_id": 24930, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An \"analytic\" form of this philosophy is advocated by contemporary proponents like Robert Brandom. One advocate of this philosophy proposed the three categories of feeling, reaction, and representation in the paper \"On a New List of Categories.\" An interpretation of this philosophy assuming the presence of a \"final vocabulary\" was put forth by the author of Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, Richard (*) Rorty. This system grew from the papers \"The Fixation of Belief\" and \"How to Make our Ideas Clear,\" written by its founder, Charles S. Pierce. Arguing that truth and value are determined by practicality. For 10 points, name this philosophical school expounded in a namesake lecture series by William James.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 244 ], [ 244, 245 ], [ 246, 415 ], [ 416, 551 ], [ 552, 612 ], [ 613, 715 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Emile {Zola}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's novels ends when Felicite burns a physician's papers, which held the formula for a serum that would cure all hereditary diseases.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Zola", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cec7", "qanta_id": 24948, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's novels ends when Felicite burns a physician's papers, which held the formula for a serum that would cure all hereditary diseases. One of his title characters captivates the banker Steiner with her performance in the play The Blonde Venus and causes George Hugon to commit suicide by rejecting his marriage proposal. This author of L'Assomoir wrote a novel about (*) Chaval's affair with Catherine Maheu, which climaxes with a strike in the mining town of Montsou led by Etienne Lantier. The newspaper L'aurore published a tract by this author of Nana branding the French government as anti-Semitic. For 10 points, name this French author of Germinal who defended Albert Dreyfus in J'Accuse!", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 336 ], [ 337, 507 ], [ 508, 619 ], [ 620, 711 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Edvard Hagerup {Grieg}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer based four\u00a0Symphonic Dances\u00a0on folk music collected by Ludvig Lindeman, while a sarabande, a gavotte, and a rigadoun are among the five pieces \"in olden style\" found in his suite celebrating a countryman's birth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cefe", "qanta_id": 25003, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer based four\u00a0Symphonic Dances\u00a0on folk music collected by Ludvig Lindeman, while a sarabande, a gavotte, and a rigadoun are among the five pieces \"in olden style\" found in his suite celebrating a countryman's birth. A timpani roll followed by a crashing chord opens his piano concerto in A minor, while he included such pieces as \"To Spring,\" \"Erotikon,\" \"Arietta,\" and \"Wedding Day at (*) Troldhaugen\" in a set of short works for piano called Lyric Pieces. His most famous work is a suite that includes the movements \"Anitra's Dance,\" \"Morning Mood,\" and \"In the Hall of the Mountain King.\" For 10 points, identify this Norwegian composer of the\u00a0Peer Gynt\u00a0Suite.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 226 ], [ 227, 468 ], [ 469, 602 ], [ 603, 674 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{heat} capacity [or {specific heat} capacity]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The contribution to this quantity by spin waves in a ferromagnet arises from a k-squared dispersion relation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heat_capacity", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf07", "qanta_id": 25012, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The contribution to this quantity by spin waves in a ferromagnet arises from a k-squared dispersion relation. An early model of this quantity fails to predict third power low temperature dependence because it assumes every atom is an independent harmonic oscillator. One relation approximates this quantity in the high (*) temperature limit as three times Boltzmann's constant times particle number; that model, named for Debye, improved the Dulong-Petit law relating this quantity from crystal lattice vibrations. The ideal gas constant is equal to the difference between this quantity calculated at constant pressure and at constant volume. For 10 points, name this quantity, the amount of energy required to change a body's temperature by a given amount.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 266 ], [ 267, 514 ], [ 515, 642 ], [ 643, 757 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{alkynes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These compounds and ketones are given in a fragmentation of alpha, beta epoxyketones.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkyne", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf2d", "qanta_id": 25050, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These compounds and ketones are given in a fragmentation of alpha, beta epoxyketones. This functional group can be installed on a pseudohalide by a palladium catalyst in the Sonogashira reaction, and they are synthesized from aldehydes in the Corey-Fuchs reaction. Reacting these compounds with a lead-poisoned palladium catalyst named for (*) Lindlar reduces them to alkenes. The smallest stable cyclic example of these compounds has eight carbons, and the simplest example of these compounds is acetylene. For 10 points, name these compounds characterized by a triple bond between two carbons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 264 ], [ 265, 376 ], [ 377, 507 ], [ 508, 595 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Robert Browning", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote of a god who \"dwelleth i' the cold o' the moon\" in a satire of Calvinism subtitled \"Natural Theology in the Island.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Browning", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf38", "qanta_id": 25061, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote of a god who \"dwelleth i' the cold o' the moon\" in a satire of Calvinism subtitled \"Natural Theology in the Island.\" The speaker of another of his poems considers the \"twenty-nine distinct damnations\" he'll use to trap a hated colleague. The speaker of one of his poems has \"a sudden thought of one so pale\" upon looking into the eyes of his paramour. This author of (*) \"Caliban upon Setebos\" described the speaker's hatred of Brother Lawrence in his \"Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister\" and described Fra Pandolf's painting of a woman whose heart was \"too soon made glad\" in his best-known work. For 10 points, identify this author of the dramatic monologues \"Porphyria's Lover\" and \"My Last Duchess.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 255 ], [ 256, 369 ], [ 370, 614 ], [ 615, 720 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Milton {Cage}, Jr.", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer frequently employed mesostics in works like Empty Words and based \u00c9tudes Australes and Atlas Eclipticales on star charts.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Cage", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf44", "qanta_id": 25073, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer frequently employed mesostics in works like Empty Words and based \u00c9tudes Australes and Atlas Eclipticales on star charts. A group of works by this man are labeled by the amount of performers required, his so-called Number Pieces. This student of Henry Cowell created Music of Changes, which broke new ground in the field of (*) aleatory music. This man composed the Sonatas and Interludes for an instrument he invented, while he called for variable-speed turntables and radios tuned to different stations in his Imaginary Landscapes. For 10 points, identify this inventor of the prepared piano, an avant-garde American composer who called for a pianist to sit at the piano and play nothing in his 4'33\" (\"four minutes, thirty-three seconds\").", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 243 ], [ 244, 357 ], [ 358, 547 ], [ 548, 756 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{cosine}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Malus' law gives the transmitted intensity of polarized light as the square of this function of the polarizer's angle relative to the incoming light.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trigonometric_functions", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf50", "qanta_id": 25085, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Malus' law gives the transmitted intensity of polarized light as the square of this function of the polarizer's angle relative to the incoming light. In Compton scattering, the wavelength shift is proportional to 1 minus this function of the scattering angle. The intensity observed from a Lambertian surface is proportional to this function of the angle between the observer and the surface normal. This function's hyperbolic version describes the shape of a freely hanging chain supported at both ends and subject to a uniform gravitational force. The dot product of two vectors is given by the product of their magnitudes times this function of the angle between them. For 10 points, identify this trigonometric function whose square plus the square of the sine is always 1.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 259 ], [ 260, 399 ], [ 400, 549 ], [ 550, 671 ], [ 672, 777 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William Gerald {Golding}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, Tanakil and Liku become close before Liku is sacrificed, and Lok witnesses the death of most of his tribe at the hands of a more evolved species.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Golding", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf54", "qanta_id": 25089, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, Tanakil and Liku become close before Liku is sacrificed, and Lok witnesses the death of most of his tribe at the hands of a more evolved species. Another work by this author opens with the destruction of The Wildebeest and ends with Mr. Campbell and Mr. Davidson noticing that the title character, who hallucinated being (*) stranded on Rockall, failed to kick off his seaboots. This author of The Inheritors and Pincher Martin wrote about the characters Samneric [Sam 'n Eric] and a conch shell used as a symbol of power in his most famous work. For 10 points, name this author who described the struggle between Jack and Ralph after a group of boys are stranded on an island in Lord of the Flies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 406 ], [ 407, 574 ], [ 575, 726 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Death of a Salesman}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work mentions that he would like to plant a garden in his yard after hearing about the \"Florida idea,\" after which he is reminded of an appointment at Frank's Chop House later that evening.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_of_a_Salesman", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf5a", "qanta_id": 25095, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work mentions that he would like to plant a garden in his yard after hearing about the \"Florida idea,\" after which he is reminded of an appointment at Frank's Chop House later that evening. Bernard recounts the story of a character in this play burning sneakers with the University of Virginia's logo on them, which took place after a visit in Boston led to the discovery of an (*) affair. That character is fired by Howard Wagner during this play, which sees a hallucination of the fortune-seeking Ben addressed by his brother, the titular figure. A car crash ends the life of that husband of Linda and father of Biff and Happy in, for 10 points, what play about the demise of Willy Loman, written by Arthur Miller?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 211 ], [ 212, 411 ], [ 412, 570 ], [ 571, 738 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Spain} [or {Espana}; accept equivalent answers like \u201cthe {Spanish Republic},\u201d etc.]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A set of works inspired by this country was followed by the Je t'aime and Open Window series, and prominently features turpentine-diluted black paint.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf61", "qanta_id": 25102, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A set of works inspired by this country was followed by the Je t'aime and Open Window series, and prominently features turpentine-diluted black paint. An infant suckles a disturbingly full-breasted figure in The Bearded Woman Breastfeeding, a work by a leader of its tenebrist school. This country produced an artist who crafted The Sun, the Moon, and One Star, a mesh sculpture found in (*) Chicago's Loop, and a portrait of an amorphous canine under a ladder, Dog Barking at the Moon. This country was famously \"elegized\" by Robert Motherwell and produced Jusepe de Ribera, Juan Gris, Joan Miro, another artist who drew from Manet to paint Demoiselles d'Avignon and depicted a massacre of its citizens in Guernica. For 10 points, name this homeland of Picasso.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 284 ], [ 285, 486 ], [ 487, 716 ], [ 717, 762 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This economist's namesake principle of effective demand determines levels of output and employment when not governed by Say's Law, while the equilibrium level of GDP is depicted in the diagram of his namesake \"cross.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf63", "qanta_id": 25104, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This economist's namesake principle of effective demand determines levels of output and employment when not governed by Say's Law, while the equilibrium level of GDP is depicted in the diagram of his namesake \"cross.\" He proposed the use of he bancor as a world currency at the (*) Bretton Woods conference and saw his ties with the Bloomsbury group strained over his work for the Treasury, which led to his Economic Consequences of the Peace. Broad governmental fiscal policies and central bank actions are supported to eliminate private-sector inefficiencies in this man's namesake school of economics. For 10 points, name this liberal British economist and author of The Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 443 ], [ 444, 604 ], [ 605, 716 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Unbearable Lightness} of {Being} [or {Nesnesiteln\u00e1 lehkost byt\u00ed}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work is killed after trying to fight a group of men in Cambodia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Unbearable_Lightness_of_Being", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf66", "qanta_id": 25107, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work is killed after trying to fight a group of men in Cambodia. Another chooses to inherit only a hat from her parents and secures a promotion for a younger character, who goes from the darkroom to working as a photographer. A leg tumor ends the life of a dog in this work, which sees one protagonist become a (*) window washer after refusing to retract an article under government pressure. That owner of the Karenin also has an affair with Franz's lover Sabina, who is told by Simon that a car accident has claimed the lives of Tomas and Tereza after they move to the countryside from Prague. For 10 points, name this seminal work of Czech author Milan Kundera.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 247 ], [ 248, 414 ], [ 415, 617 ], [ 618, 686 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Hay Wain}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the foreground of this work, a brown and white dog walks along the banks of a clear body of water. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Hay_Wain", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cf7b", "qanta_id": 25128, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the foreground of this work, a brown and white dog walks along the banks of a clear body of water. A boat is half obscured in the rushes on the right of this work, while smoke emerges from the chimney of a house with a crumbling roof on the left side of this work. Two black oxen pull a rickety conveyance across a shallow stream in the center of this work, and two young men ride in the title vehicle. For 10 points\u2014name this landscape painting by John Constable.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 103, 270 ], [ 270, 409 ], [ 409, 470 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Maximilian Carl Emil {Weber}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker claimed that cities were closed communities in an essay in Economy and Society.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Max_Weber", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cfda", "qanta_id": 25223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker claimed that cities were closed communities in an essay in Economy and Society. One work by this man examines \"nonlegitimate domination\" and claims that legitimate authority can stem from tradition, law, or charisma. Another of his works discusses Richard Baxter in its fourth chapter and the origins of pietism in \"The Religious Foundations of Worldly Ascetism.\" That book by this author of (*) Politics as a Vocation claims that the self-disciplined \"vocational calling\" of predestination led to the growth of the \"iron cage\" of the titular economic concept. For 10 points, name this German sociologist who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 229 ], [ 230, 376 ], [ 377, 573 ], [ 574, 678 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Constantin {Brancusi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist created an oak sculpture entitled King of Kings for a \"Temple of Meditation\" that was never built.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550cfec", "qanta_id": 25241, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist created an oak sculpture entitled King of Kings for a \"Temple of Meditation\" that was never built. His The Prayer was designed for a funerary monument, and he crafted a stylized depiction of a mythical creature in his Maiastra. Stone stools surround a barren circle in a war memorial created by this artist, The Table of Silence, grouped along with his (*) Kiss Gate in an installation at Targu Jiu. Other works include a scandalously phallic depiction of a woman called Princess X and a rhombus-module tower, The Endless Column. He is best known for a series of sixteen works that use one smooth curve to depict the flight of the titular avian. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 239 ], [ 240, 411 ], [ 412, 541 ], [ 542, 657 ], [ 658, 718 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{enthalpy} [accept {H} until it is read; do not accept or prompt on \"{lowercase} '{h}'\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity remains constant in the Joule-Thomson effect. It equals internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Enthalpy", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d004", "qanta_id": 25265, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity remains constant in the Joule-Thomson effect. It equals internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume. The Gibbs Free Energy is given by this quantity minus the product of temperature and entropy. For a multi-step reaction, it can be calculated independently of the pathway and is equal to the sum of its changes in each step according to (*) Hess's Law. It is positive for an endothermic reaction. For 10 points, name this \"heat content\" of a thermodynamic system, symbolized capital H.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 220 ], [ 221, 378 ], [ 379, 422 ], [ 423, 511 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jakob Ludwig Felix {Mendelssohn} Bartholdy", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's second symphony in B flat major was written as \"praise-song\" to celebrate a technological anniversary, as was his Gutenberg Cantata.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d017", "qanta_id": 25284, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's second symphony in B flat major was written as \"praise-song\" to celebrate a technological anniversary, as was his Gutenberg Cantata. Sections like \"The Shadow of Death\" and \"The Night is Departing\" comprise one of this man's symphonies, while another contains a notable tarantella and saltarello in the final movement. Clarinets and a solo flute quote a Bach cantata in his fifth symphony, which contains the \"Dresden (*)\u00a0Amen.\" This man's third symphony was informed by a trip that also produced a work evoking Fingal's Cave, the Hebrides Overture. The \"Reformation,\" \"Scottish,\" and \"Italian\" symphonies were composed by, for 10 points, what man whose work also includes a notable Wedding March\" from incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 329 ], [ 330, 438 ], [ 438, 560 ], [ 561, 760 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Golgi} apparatus [or {Golgi body}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Percolozoa are distinguished among protozoans by a lack of this organelle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Golgi_apparatus", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d029", "qanta_id": 25302, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Percolozoa are distinguished among protozoans by a lack of this organelle. This organelle contains apoptosis-related proteins like GAAP and the Bcl-2 group, and one key process associated with it sees xylose links formed between glycosaminoglycans. Pectins and sphingolipids are (*) produced in this organelle, which is responsible for tagging lysosome-bound molecules with mannose-6-phosphate. The COPII protein directs vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cis- side of this organelle, which is formed by cisternae. For 10 points, name this organelle that synthesizes macromolecules and modifies proteins, named for an Italian physiologist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 195 ], [ 196, 248 ], [ 249, 394 ], [ 395, 526 ], [ 527, 651 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Islamic Republic of {Pakistan}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One province in this country recently saw the controversial Nizam-e-adl regulations implemented to assuage local complaints about the slow administration of justice.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pakistan", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d03f", "qanta_id": 25324, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One province in this country recently saw the controversial Nizam-e-adl regulations implemented to assuage local complaints about the slow administration of justice. That province is home to the southern terminus of the Karakoram Highway, as well a more famous transit route running from Jamrud to Torkham, passing through Landi Kotal on the Durand Line. The Swat district and the city of (*) Peshawar are found in that North-West Frontier Province, whose Hasba Bill was opposed by Iftikhar Chaudhry, the head of this country's Supreme Court and major political rival of its President. The PPP continues to challenge the long rule of Pervez Musharraf in, for 10 points, what country with capital at Islamabad?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 354 ], [ 355, 388 ], [ 389, 392 ], [ 393, 585 ], [ 586, 709 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Egypt} [or {Misr}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Anti-colonial sentiment in this country was fueled by the 1906 Denshawai Incident.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d042", "qanta_id": 25327, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Anti-colonial sentiment in this country was fueled by the 1906 Denshawai Incident. Wilfrid Blunt wrote a \"secret history\" of the occupation of this country, which was achieved when a victory at Tel el-Kabir easily quashed the Urabi Revolt. This country was subsequently administered by Lord Cromer, who technically only advised Tawfiq and Abbas Hilmi. Those (*) khedives were the descendants of an ethnically Albanian governor who made cotton this country's staple crop and created the army that won the Battle of Konya. That man, Muhammad Ali, also killed the last of this country's Mamluks, who had been defeated when Napoleon invaded. For 10 points, name this African country whose cities include Alexandria and Cairo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 239 ], [ 240, 351 ], [ 352, 520 ], [ 521, 637 ], [ 638, 721 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{semiconductor} [prompt on {diode} before \u201c{MOSFET}\u201d; prompt on {transistor} before \u201c{thyristor}\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One property of a structure formed by two of these materials may be calculated as the difference in the electron affinities by Anderson's rule; those structures were suggested for use in lasers by Herbert Kroemer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Semiconductor", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d067", "qanta_id": 25364, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One property of a structure formed by two of these materials may be calculated as the difference in the electron affinities by Anderson's rule; those structures were suggested for use in lasers by Herbert Kroemer. These materials are maximally efficient light emitters if the top and bottom of two structures describing these materials occur for the same value of the Fermi wave vector. Amorphous examples of this type of material form interfaces with (*) insulators and feature localized and extended states separated by a \"mobility edge.\" They may be classified as N or P type based on their mobile charge character. These materials are also characterized by the size of the energy difference between their valence and conduction bands. For 10 points, name these materials that have resistance between that of resistors and conductors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 214, 386 ], [ 387, 539 ], [ 539, 618 ], [ 619, 738 ], [ 739, 837 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{horses}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Ed Kienholz included a television in his sculpture\u00a0To Mourn A Dead", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horse", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d084", "qanta_id": 25393, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Ed Kienholz included a television in his sculpture\u00a0To Mourn A Dead [This], and the earliest British hill-figure is a depiction of this found at Uffington.\u00a0 These animals are depicted in Alfred Stieglitz's\u00a0The\u00a0Terminal, and sculptures depicting this animal include Francois Girardon's\u00a0Marcus Curtius Throwing himself into the Flames\u00a0and the Classical-era\u00a0Regisole.\u00a0 A study of this animal in motion, created with a zoopraxiscope, was conducted by Edward Muybridge and proved that the \"flying\" posture assumed by these animals in Gericault's\u00a0Epsom Derby\u00a0was impossible.\u00a0 For 10 points, name this animal featured in Donatello's\u00a0Gattamelata, Frederic Remington's\u00a0Bronco Buster\u00a0and numerous other equestrian statues.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 156 ], [ 156, 365 ], [ 365, 569 ], [ 569, 711 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Guy de {Maupassant}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this man, the soldier Georges Duroy becomes a leading journalist and political figure with the help of Madeleine Forestier.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Guy_de_Maupassant", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d093", "qanta_id": 25408, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this man, the soldier Georges Duroy becomes a leading journalist and political figure with the help of Madeleine Forestier. In a story by this author, a man is accused of stealing a wallet after bending down to pick up the title piece of string. This author of Bel Ami set many of his stories during the (*) Franco-Prussian War. He wrote a story about the devastating realization that the title item is a fake after Madame Loisel loses it at a party. For 10 points, name this French short story writer who authored \"The Necklace.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 261 ], [ 262, 344 ], [ 345, 466 ], [ 467, 546 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{ether}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As heterocyclic chemical compounds, rings containing multiples of this functional group are useful as phase transfer catalysts.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d0a3", "qanta_id": 25424, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As heterocyclic chemical compounds, rings containing multiples of this functional group are useful as phase transfer catalysts. A special, especially reactive class of these can be formed by the reaction of trifluoroperacetic acid with an alkene. Other classes of this functional group include ketals and acetals. Its 120 degree bond angle results in a dipole. A common synthesis technique features the deprotonation of an alcohol, which subsequently reacts with an alkyl-halide. Other means of synthesis include Ullman condensation and the dehydration of alcohols. Used to link the monomers of carbohydrates, this functional group also serves as a both a Lewis and an Bronstead base. For 10 points, identify this functional group which is an alkoxy-substitued alkyl, alkene, or alkyne: an oxygen atom linking the carbons of two hydrocarbons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 246 ], [ 247, 313 ], [ 314, 360 ], [ 361, 479 ], [ 480, 565 ], [ 566, 684 ], [ 685, 842 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "IR spectroscopy [or {infrared} spectroscopy]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Preparation of certain polymers for this technique typically involves dissolving in a non-hygroscopic solvent before applying the sample to a cell.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Infrared_spectroscopy", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d0b2", "qanta_id": 25439, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Preparation of certain polymers for this technique typically involves dissolving in a non-hygroscopic solvent before applying the sample to a cell. Preparing solids may involve pushing the sample through a die press to generate a translucent material for this technique or combining the sample with a mulling agent such as Nujol prior to application on potassium bromide salt plates. This technique produces a spectrum with a fingerprint region and characteristic absorbance leads to stretching and bending of bonds in molecules in this technique. It produces a broad peak for alcohols around 3300 inverse centimeters. For 10 points, name this spectroscopic technique using wavelength slightly longer than that of visible light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 383 ], [ 384, 547 ], [ 548, 618 ], [ 619, 728 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{alcohol} [or {hydroxyl}; accept equivalents]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A xanthate intermediate is eliminated to give the syn product in an elimination of this functionality to alkenes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alcohol", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d0d7", "qanta_id": 25476, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A xanthate intermediate is eliminated to give the syn product in an elimination of this functionality to alkenes. The synthesis of molecules with two of this functionality can be achieved by reaction with iodate or via osmium tetroxide. This functionality reacts with triphenylphosphine and DEAD in the to give esters, and they may be formed without rearrangement from alkenes in a reaction using a boron reagent named for Brown. Tertiary ones are formed when ketones react with Grignard reagents, and secondary ones form from the reduction of ketones. For 10 points, name this functionality, whose methyl type will make you go blind and whose ethyl type is produced in fermentation in plants.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 236 ], [ 237, 429 ], [ 430, 552 ], [ 553, 693 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "stomach", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This organ is separated into right and left halves by the angular incisure, below which lies its antrum, where G cells and D cells are located.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stomach", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d0df", "qanta_id": 25484, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This organ is separated into right and left halves by the angular incisure, below which lies its antrum, where G cells and D cells are located. One part of this organ features glands that form polyps in Cowden's syndrome, and \"magic looping\" takes place under parasympathetic control in that same part, its fundus, where gases can accumulate. Folds in the walls of this organ are called rugae, and its chief cells secrete pepsinogen. This organ's contents are prevented from flowing into the next by the pyloric sphincter; those contents are often called chyme. Hormones characteristic of this organ include gastrin, and its interior is maintained at pH as low as four. For 10 points, name this digestive system component between the esophagus and small intestine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 342 ], [ 343, 433 ], [ 434, 561 ], [ 562, 669 ], [ 670, 764 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Howl}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One image in this poem describes men \"who walked all night with their shoes full of blood\" before finding a room full of \"steamheat and opium.\"\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Howl", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d115", "qanta_id": 25538, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One image in this poem describes men \"who walked all night with their shoes full of blood\" before finding a room full of \"steamheat and opium.\"\u00a0 Another image contemplates men that \"ate lamb stem of the imagination\" and dreamed \"of the pure vegetable kingdom.\"\u00a0 It compares sailors to \"American seraphim\" before describing a \"blond and naked angel\" in a Turkish bath.\u00a0 The second part of this poem recites names for one figure such as \"the incomprehensible prison\" and \"whose fate is a cloud of sexless hydrogen\" while the third part is a plea to another figure in Rockland--those figures are Moloch and Carl Solomon respectively.\u00a0 For 10 points, name this Ginsberg poem that begins \"I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 145, 262 ], [ 262, 369 ], [ 369, 632 ], [ 632, 744 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ludwig {Mies} van der Rohe", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He designed a Expressionism-inspired triangular skyscraper with a radical curtain wall for a 1921 competition, but it was never completed.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d11a", "qanta_id": 25543, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He designed a Expressionism-inspired triangular skyscraper with a radical curtain wall for a 1921 competition, but it was never completed.\u00a0 In addition to his Friedrichstrasse proposal, this contributor to the magazine G and artistic director of the Weissenhof project had a certain Chicago project financed by developer Herbert Greenwald.\u00a0 This architect of the Lake Shore Drive Apartments created a 1951 dwelling similar to the residence of his sometime collaborator, the all-glass Farnsworth house.\u00a0 This proponent of \"skin and bones\" architecture worked with Philip Johnson on his most famous project on Park Avenue, and is known for the quote \"Less is more\".\u00a0 For 10 points, name this German architect of the Barcelona Pavillion and the Seagram Building, director of the Bauhaus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 140, 341 ], [ 341, 503 ], [ 503, 665 ], [ 665, 784 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jackson {Pollock}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this man's paintings shows diamonds flowning from a gash inflicted on a third eye by the title figure's triangular yellow dagger.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jackson_Pollock", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d11d", "qanta_id": 25546, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's paintings shows diamonds flowning from a gash inflicted on a third eye by the title figure's triangular yellow dagger. Another of this man's paintings shows an African mask and rooster lined along the top and a jackal at bottom, all flanked by two totem poles.The painter of\u00a0The Moon Woman Cuts the Circle, this man's\u00a0Guardians of the Secret\u00a0is a part of his Accabonac Creek series, which, along with the\u00a0Sounds in the Grass\u00a0series, was created at the Long Island studio he shared with Lee Krassner. He claimed \"there is no accident\" with regards to works like\u00a0Blue Poles. For 10 points, name this \"action painter\" who developed the drip technique, used for works such as\u00a0Autumn Rhythm\u00a0and\u00a0Lavender Mist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 278 ], [ 278, 517 ], [ 518, 590 ], [ 591, 722 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Derek {Walcott}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote about \"days I have held,/ days I have lost,/ days that outgrow, like daughters,/ my harbouring arms\" in\u00a0Midsummer, while his musical\u00a0The Capeman, based on the gang member of the same name, was co-written with Paul Simon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Derek_Walcott", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d143", "qanta_id": 25584, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote about \"days I have held,/ days I have lost,/ days that outgrow, like daughters,/ my harbouring arms\" in\u00a0Midsummer, while his musical\u00a0The Capeman, based on the gang member of the same name, was co-written with Paul Simon. In another one of his works, he wrote \"I'm just a red nigger who love the sea, / I had a sound colonial education, / I have Dutch, nigger and English in me, / and either I'm nobody, or I'm a nation\", a sentiment that exemplifies his literature, including\u00a0The Schooner Flight, while he is perhaps most known for his epic poem which tells stories of Achille and Hector and their feud over Helen, and of the mad Dennis Plunkett, Helen's former employer,\u00a0Omeros. For 10 points, name this St. Lucian poet who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1992.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 229 ], [ 230, 429 ], [ 430, 688 ], [ 689, 777 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John {Steinbeck}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel in which everything goes bad for the protagonist after the tree holding his father's soul is killed by his religious brother.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Steinbeck", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d148", "qanta_id": 25589, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a novel in which everything goes bad for the protagonist after the tree holding his father's soul is killed by his religious brother. In another work, the protagonist's grandfather tells a story about how his horses were stolen by Indians, much to the chagrin of Carl Tiffin. In addition to\u00a0To a God Unknown\u00a0and\u00a0The Leader of the People,\u00a0this author wrote a work in which the Pirate buys a candle for St. Francis as thanks for his dog's health with the help of Pilon and Danny. In another work, the events surrounding a former preacher's death force the male protagonist to flee, carrying on Jim Casy's mission of social justice. For 10 points, name this 1962 Nobel laureate, the author of\u00a0Tortilla Flat\u00a0and\u00a0The Grapes of Wrath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 293 ], [ 294, 495 ], [ 496, 647 ], [ 648, 746 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Chile}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Among this country's possessions are two islands named for saints, San Felix and San Ambrosio, which make up two of the four Desventuradas, or Unfortunate, Islands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chile", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d14e", "qanta_id": 25595, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Among this country's possessions are two islands named for saints, San Felix and San Ambrosio, which make up two of the four Desventuradas, or Unfortunate, Islands. This country also owns two islands whose names are inspired by a work of Daniel Defoe, the whole group of which are named after the Spaniard who discovered them and San Felix and San Ambrosio. In addition to the Juan Fernandez Islands, which include Alexander Selkirk and Robinson Crusoe Islands, this country possesses another Pacific Ocean island known for its moai. For 10 points, what is this country that owns Easter Island, with its capital at Santiago?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 357 ], [ 358, 533 ], [ 534, 624 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Raphael} ({Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino})", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this man's portraits depicts the cross eyed cardinal Tommaso Inghirami.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Raphael", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d14f", "qanta_id": 25596, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's portraits depicts the cross eyed cardinal Tommaso Inghirami. The death of Grifonetto Baglione prompted his mother Atalanta to commission this man's\u00a0Entombment\u00a0or\u00a0Deposition, though his earliest recorded commission was for the\u00a0Baronci Altarpiece. The aid of his pupil Gianfrancesco Penni is apparent in works like\u00a0Madonna of the Blue Diadem\u00a0and the\u00a0Madonna of Loreto. His mistress, the bakeress Margherita Luti, is often identified as the subject of portraits like\u00a0La Donna Velata\u00a0and\u00a0La Fornarina.\u00a0Julius II commissioned frescoes for a set of four rooms in the Palace of the Vatican, including those of the Stanza della Segnatura, wherein this man depicted Michelangelo as a moody Heraclitus. For 10 points, name this painter of\u00a0The School of Athens.\u00a0", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 263 ], [ 264, 384 ], [ 385, 515 ], [ 516, 710 ], [ 711, 768 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{alkenes} [or {olefins}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One method of producing this functional group involves an elimination and then expulsion of sulfur dioxide from an alpha-halo sulfone in the Ramberg-Backlund reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkene", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d17c", "qanta_id": 25641, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One method of producing this functional group involves an elimination and then expulsion of sulfur dioxide from an alpha-halo sulfone in the Ramberg-Backlund reaction. Also produced form the treatment of tosylhydrazones with strong base in the Bamford-Stevens reaction, this functional group changes positions in the Cope rearrangement. Shrock carbenes and Fischer carbenes catalyze a reaction switching the substituents of two of these compounds, and Lindlar's catalyst is used to produce their cis examples stereoselectively. They are most easily produced in Zaitsev elimination of alkyl halides, and two of them are crossed in a namesake metathesis. For 10 points, name these compounds with formula CnH2n, the simplest example of which is ethylene.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 336 ], [ 337, 527 ], [ 528, 652 ], [ 653, 751 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Tartuffe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At this play's conclusion a character known simply as \"The Officer\", a proxy for the nation's monarch, is used as a\u00a0dues\u00a0ex machina.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tartuffe", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1a3", "qanta_id": 25680, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At this play's conclusion a character known simply as \"The Officer\", a proxy for the nation's monarch, is used as a\u00a0dues\u00a0ex machina. In act Three, one character in this work is able to escape punishment, in spite of the informed eavesdropper\u00a0Damis hiding under a table, by calling himself \"a guilty man\". That title character, who is arranged to be wed to Mariane, uses the trust in him placed by the head of household to take a strongbox of incriminating letters and leverage it in an\u00a0attempt to seize Orgon's estate. For ten points, this is what play about a pseudo-religious hypocrite, one of the best know\u00a0plays of Moliere?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 304 ], [ 305, 518 ], [ 519, 627 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "trees", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Polish notation developed by Lukasiewicz can be practically treated by representing operations by these mathematical entities.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tree", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1ac", "qanta_id": 25689, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Polish notation developed by Lukasiewicz can be practically treated by representing operations by these mathematical entities. These entities can be represented numerically by Prufer codes, and Cayley's theorem states that for a given n, there are exactly n to the n-2 of these. The subset of those n vertices that are pendant in on of these objects is equal to two plus the sum of the degree of each vertex minus two. The zig, zig-zag, and zig-zig steps create the \"splay\" variety of these entities, while Prim's algorithm is useful for determining the minimum spanning kind. For 10 points, identify these acyclic, connected graphs which consist of a series of roots and leaves.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 282 ], [ 283, 422 ], [ 423, 580 ], [ 581, 683 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Janus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Dupuis traced the characteristics of St. Peter back to the ancient mythology of this deity, including both figures' associations with a rod.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Janus", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1bd", "qanta_id": 25706, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Dupuis traced the characteristics of St. Peter back to the ancient mythology of this deity, including both figures' associations with a rod. A temple devoted to this deity in Argiletum has his hands pointed in a position some say maybe represents the number 355, and he was once associated with Ani. This deity claimed that he used to be called Chaos because he was \"of the first world\", and in one story, he successfully pursues Cardea. Sometimes called Clusius or Patulcius in ancient times,\u00a0he was said to have caused a volcanic eruption to prevent retribution for the Rape of the Sabine Women. Celebrated by Ovid as \"the only god who is able to see behind him\", the doors to his temple were probably kept open during times of war. For 10 points, identify this two-faced Roman deity, who gives his name to the first month of the Roman calendar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 299 ], [ 300, 437 ], [ 438, 597 ], [ 598, 734 ], [ 735, 847 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Voltaire} [or {Francois}-{Marie Arouet}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An \"apparition of an invisible bust\" of this man appears in a work by Dali, the Slave Market, and the Dada movement in Zurich was centered on a cabaret Hugo Ball named for him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Voltaire", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1bf", "qanta_id": 25708, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An \"apparition of an invisible bust\" of this man appears in a work by Dali, the Slave Market, and the Dada movement in Zurich was centered on a cabaret Hugo Ball named for him. A poem about this figure states \"Yes, the fight / Against the false and the unfair / Was always worth it. So was gardening. Civilize.\" \u00a0Besides that W. H. Auden poem, Nancy Mitford authored a popular history about him \"in Love\", and Ian Davidson has written a recent history on him \"In Exile\", including his role in the Calas Affair. He is seated wearing a Greek robe in a sculpture done in his final months of life by Jean-Antoine Houdon. This lover of Mme. Chatelet himself authored the plays Zaire, Oedipe and Mahomet. For 10 points, name this creator of Dr. Pangloss from Candide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 210 ], [ 210, 282 ], [ 283, 300 ], [ 301, 313 ], [ 313, 510 ], [ 511, 616 ], [ 617, 635 ], [ 636, 698 ], [ 699, 761 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{infrared spectroscopy} [or {IR spectroscopy}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The attenuated total reflection type of this can be used on compounds with a low surface area, while the diffuse reflectance type can be used to study samples that are not sufficiently transparent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Infrared_spectroscopy", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1cd", "qanta_id": 25722, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The attenuated total reflection type of this can be used on compounds with a low surface area, while the diffuse reflectance type can be used to study samples that are not sufficiently transparent. The multiplex advantage explains the use of the Fourier Transform type of this. Diatomic bonds are generally not found in the fingerprint region, and the stretching seen using this technique generally occurs at higher frequencies than the bending. Most types of this use some sort of absorption, because each bond in the molecule will absorb only its characteristic frequency. For 10 points, name this type of analytical technique, which categorizes compounds based on the frequency of the vibration of its bonds when exposed to radiation of waves longer than those of visible light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 277 ], [ 278, 445 ], [ 446, 574 ], [ 575, 781 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Guy de Maupassant", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of his early short stories, a severed hand of an executed criminal causes its owner to go mad, and in another, a monkey at a typewriter types a manuscript about metempsychosis, again causing the owner to go mad.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Guy_de_Maupassant", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1d0", "qanta_id": 25725, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his early short stories, a severed hand of an executed criminal causes its owner to go mad, and in another, a monkey at a typewriter types a manuscript about metempsychosis, again causing the owner to go mad. Besides \"The Dead Hand\" and \"Doctor Heraclius Gloss\", his first success was published in the collection Evenings at Medan and recounted a prostitute who offered her fellow passengers her food and slept with a Prussian officer to continue the journey, but is given a cold shoulder by the other passengers afterward. Another story has Mathilde working for ten years to replace a paste piece of jewelry she had thought real and lost. For 10 points, name this French writer, author of \"Boule de Suife\" and \"The Necklace.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 218 ], [ 219, 533 ], [ 534, 649 ], [ 650, 736 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Yasunari Kawabata", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, one character has an abortion, while her husband's mistress gets pregnant, although she says the child is not his.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1da", "qanta_id": 25735, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this author, one character has an abortion, while her husband's mistress gets pregnant, although she says the child is not his. In that work, the protagonist hears the titular sound in his dreams, and in another in which the title character discovers that her parents abandoned her when she meets her twin. One novel has Kikuji dominated by Chicako, which prevents his love for a young woman with the titular kimono. In addition to The Sound of the Mountain and The Old Capital, another novel involves a tragic relationship between a geisha and Shimamura, and begins with the line \"The train came out of the long tunnel into\" the titular location.\" The earth lay white under the night sky.\" For 10 points, name this Japanese author of Thousand Cranes and Snow Country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 322 ], [ 323, 432 ], [ 433, 663 ], [ 663, 706 ], [ 707, 784 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Greece} [or the {Hellenic Republic}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one post-World War II conflict involving this nation, 30,000 children were taken from it by DSE forces into the Soviet Bloc.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Greece", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1e0", "qanta_id": 25741, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one post-World War II conflict involving this nation, 30,000 children were taken from it by DSE forces into the Soviet Bloc. That struggle took a decisive turn when Tito closed the Yugoslav borders to the DSE, ultimately forcing them to flee to Tashkent. A notable member of this nation's Parliament founded the International Commission for D\u00e9tente and Peace before he was assassinated by clubbing. The July Apostasy in this country would ultimately result in the rise of regime of \"the colonels\" during a period known as The Seven Years. Name this nation that celebrates Ohi Day in honor of Prime Minister Metaxas' rejection of an ultimatum from Mussolini, currently led, for 10 points, by George Papandreou of the Panhellenic Socialist Party with capital at Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 257 ], [ 258, 401 ], [ 402, 541 ], [ 542, 770 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Krishna}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He was born in a prison cell on a day known as Janmashtami, shortly followed by his supernatural escape to the care of his foster parents in Vrindavana.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Krishna", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1e5", "qanta_id": 25746, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was born in a prison cell on a day known as Janmashtami, shortly followed by his supernatural escape to the care of his foster parents in Vrindavana. Upon rescuing the 16,000 maidens held by the demon Narakasura, he married all of them in order to preserve their social status. Often depicted as a child eating butter or playing the flute, he held a hill up above the residents of his town to shelter them from a storm. Duryodhana chose this deity's army for the Kauravas after he refused to raise a weapon in the Kurukshetra. The Pandavas, however, chose him as he served as Arjuna's charioteer, to whom he delivered the Bhagavad Gita. For 10 points, name this incarnation of Vishnu, generally shown alongside his consort, Radha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 280 ], [ 281, 422 ], [ 423, 529 ], [ 530, 639 ], [ 640, 733 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Aureliano} Buendia [prompt on \u201c{Buendia}\u201d before it is read]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Chronologically, the first character by this name was an ancestor before the beginning of the work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1e8", "qanta_id": 25749, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Chronologically, the first character by this name was an ancestor before the beginning of the work. The first character introduced in the work was born with his eyes open, having wept in his mother's womb. The one known as the second goes insane searching for buried treasure, eventually dying of throat cancer. He and his wife Petra are buried in each other's graves due to confusion at the funeral. Seventeen of them were fathered by one of them, each marked by a permanent cross on their foreheads, and each assassinated by the government. For 10 points, give the shared name of people including the Colonel, who has fought in 32 civil wars, all part of the Buendia family in One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 205 ], [ 206, 311 ], [ 312, 400 ], [ 401, 542 ], [ 543, 735 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Maurya} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Greeks Megasthenes and Deimachus were sent as ambassadors to the first and second rulers of this polity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurya_Empire", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d1fe", "qanta_id": 25771, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Greeks Megasthenes and Deimachus were sent as ambassadors to the first and second rulers of this polity. Demetrius I of Bactria began his devastating invasion of this empire after a coup overthrew their last ruler; his new empire would share the region with the Sunga Empire founded by the leader of that coup. The first ruler of this empire was advised by the author of a treatise on statecraft called the Arthashastra, Chanakya. That ruler consolidated his power by defeating Magadha, and he left a vast empire to his son Bindusara. This empire's third ruler was so sickened by his expansive military conquests that he built thousands of stupas and famously converted to Buddhism. For 10 points, name this Indian empire founded by Chandragupta and later ruled by Asoka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 314 ], [ 315, 434 ], [ 435, 538 ], [ 539, 686 ], [ 687, 775 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Benjamin {Britten}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this composer features fast circular flute patterns, high piano, and bell figurations and demonstrates the composers influence from Balinese gamelan music.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benjamin_Britten", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d234", "qanta_id": 25825, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this composer features fast circular flute patterns, high piano, and bell figurations and demonstrates the composers influence from Balinese gamelan music. In addition to The Prince of the Pagodas, another work starts with bells and a chantlike chorus and features the use of the tritone as a unifying device. Another work's third movement begins in a ABA form and the violins begin the sentimental theme over a G pedal in the cellos and basses and is in the form of a saraband. Yet another work spotlights each instrument in the orchestra and is subtitled Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Purcell. He is also known for operas such as Peter Grimes. For 10 points, name this English composer most famous for his War Requiem, Simple Symphony, and The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 321 ], [ 322, 490 ], [ 491, 612 ], [ 613, 662 ], [ 663, 801 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Walter {Scott}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The title character of one of this writer's works is only able to redeem himself after destroying Constance de Beverly to marry Clare de Clare by dying valiantly in battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walter_Scott", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d23b", "qanta_id": 25832, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title character of one of this writer's works is only able to redeem himself after destroying Constance de Beverly to marry Clare de Clare by dying valiantly in battle. In addition to writing the epic poem Marmion, this author also inspired many musical works; in particular, an opera by Rossini inspired by a poem featuring a battle between Roderick Dhu and James Fitz-James. In addition to The Lady of the Lake, this author also wrote several novels in the Waverley series. These works include one in which the title character kills the protagonist's cousin, eventually allowing him to marry his other cousin Diana, and another, in which the title character saves the life of Rebecca, but ends up marrying Rowena. For 10 points, who is this Scottish author of Rob Roy and Ivanhoe?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 380 ], [ 381, 479 ], [ 480, 719 ], [ 720, 786 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{uncertainty} principle [do not accept \u201cHeisenberg Uncertainty Principle\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In special relativity, such a relationship exists between energy and time as a result of the Robertson\u2013Schr\u00f6dinger relation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncertainty_principle", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d24c", "qanta_id": 25849, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In special relativity, such a relationship exists between energy and time as a result of the Robertson\u2013Schr\u00f6dinger relation. In harmonic analysis, viewing a function and its Fourier transform as conjugate variables on the time-frequency domain will result in the inequality that the infinite integral of the squares of the time and position of the function multiplied by that of its Fourier transform is greater than 1 over 16 pi squared, resulting in a formalized statement of this principle. The most famous version of this principle results when one notes that the wave functions of the momentum and position are Fourier transform pairs, resulting in serious complications in experimentation at the particle level. For 10 points, what is this physical principle whose quantum analog was formulated by a student of Niels Bohr in 1926?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 493 ], [ 494, 717 ], [ 718, 836 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Max {Weber}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker wrote a work in which the title institution limited economic development by encouraging adjustment to adversity rather than innovation and promoting insulating family ties.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Max_Weber", "proto_id": "5476992fea23cca90550d24f", "qanta_id": 25852, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker wrote a work in which the title institution limited economic development by encouraging adjustment to adversity rather than innovation and promoting insulating family ties. He also wrote an essay in which the title profession is something lived for, or something lived off of, and the third section of a work by him discusses charismatic, traditional, and rational-legal types of the title concept. In addition to The Religion of China and Politics as a Vocation, and \"The Types of Authority and Imperative Co-ordination\", part of The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, this man also wrote a book in which one of the title concepts resulted in more thriftiness and higher productivity, resulting in stronger development of the title economic system. For 10 points, who is this German sociologist and political scientist, who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 411 ], [ 412, 771 ], [ 772, 903 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "ethers", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Molecules of this type are often made using an alumina catalyst, but a side product of an alkene is also produced in that process.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d28e", "qanta_id": 25915, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Molecules of this type are often made using an alumina catalyst, but a side product of an alkene is also produced in that process. Jain and Pillai found that when phenol is added to that reacting system, the rate of alkene production is greatly increased, while the rate of production of these is reduced drastically. When an aldehyde is placed in an acidic alcohol solution an acetal is often formed, which contains two of this functional group. One common synthesis of one of these uses an SN2 mechanism in which an alkoxide attacks an alkyl halide, named after Williamson, and due to their low reactivity they are used as solvents in the Grignard reaction. For 10 points, name this functional group which consists of an oxygen single-bonded to two carbon atoms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 317 ], [ 318, 446 ], [ 447, 659 ], [ 660, 764 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Fibonacci} numbers", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Carmichael proved that large ones of these do not share prime factors with other ones, and Wall-Sun-Sun primes are necessarily these.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fibonacci_number", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d2c0", "qanta_id": 25965, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Carmichael proved that large ones of these do not share prime factors with other ones, and Wall-Sun-Sun primes are necessarily these. Matiyasevich's disproof of Hilbert's tenth problem relied on these values to show that Diophantine equations have solutions that can grow exponentially, and a pair of them give the Euclidean algorithm its worst-case runtime. Their generating function is x divided by 1 minus x minus x squared, and every positive integer can be written as the sum of non-consecutive ones of these according to Zeckendorf's theorem. The Lucas numbers obey a similar rule as them, and one formula for generating them relies on the Golden Ratio, known as Binet's formula. Defined recursively by summing the previous two numbers in the sequence, for 10 points, name these numbers that begin 1, 1, 2, 3, 5\u2026", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 358 ], [ 359, 548 ], [ 549, 685 ], [ 686, 818 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sir {Gawain} and the {Green} Knight", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The first and last alliterative lines of this work state that it takes place it after the siege of Troy, and Adam, Solomon, Samson, and David are listed as exemplars by one character in this work, who praises the idea of loving women, but not trusting them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d2d2", "qanta_id": 25983, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first and last alliterative lines of this work state that it takes place it after the siege of Troy, and Adam, Solomon, Samson, and David are listed as exemplars by one character in this work, who praises the idea of loving women, but not trusting them. One character in this work encourages his guests to try to get a hood placed on a spear, in a game which parallels this work's central plot. The two title characters of this work agree to exchange their winnings for three days, earning one many kisses, but the failure of one character to give up an enchanted belt results in that character receiving a cut on his neck, when the title characters meet again at a chapel to finish another game. Attributed to the Pearl Poet, this is, for 10 points, what work which features a beheading-game between a knight of the Round Table and a colorful warrior?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 257 ], [ 258, 398 ], [ 399, 700 ], [ 701, 856 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Niccolo {Machiavelli}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author praises the Parlements of France in a work centering on the French monarchy, and has characters like Luigi Alamanni and Fabrizio Colonna engage in a Socratic Dialogue.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Niccol\u00f2_Machiavelli", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d2e4", "qanta_id": 26001, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author praises the Parlements of France in a work centering on the French monarchy, and has characters like Luigi Alamanni and Fabrizio Colonna engage in a Socratic Dialogue. In one play by this author, the title character disguises himself as a doctor and convinces Nicia to give the titular plant to his daughter Lucrezia in this hope that it will kill the first man she sleeps with. Besides that play about Callimaco, The Mandrake, in his most famous work this author praises the actions of Agathocles of Syracuse and claims \"the arms of others either fall off you, or weigh you down or squeeze you\" in a citation of the story of David and Saul used to illustrate the problem of using mercenary troops. The author of The Discourses on Livy, for 10 points, name this writer who claimed that fear is more advantageous than love in The Prince.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 390 ], [ 391, 710 ], [ 711, 848 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ethics", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One axiom in this book states that it's impossible that an effect can follow if \"no definite cause be granted\", and the author claims he does not know how to reckon a man who hangs himself in a section on Buridan's Ass.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethics_(Spinoza)", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d2e9", "qanta_id": 26006, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One axiom in this book states that it's impossible that an effect can follow if \"no definite cause be granted\", and the author claims he does not know how to reckon a man who hangs himself in a section on Buridan's Ass. The author's example of a circle that exists in nature and an idea of a circle being \"one and the same thing\" is summarized in its Seventh Proposition, namely \"the order and connection of ideas is the same as the order and connection of things\". This work's first section contains a series of definitions, including one where God is understood to be \"a being absolutely infinite\", eventually implying that \"except God, no substance can be or be conceived\". Containing sections like \"Of Human Bondage\" and \"Of the Nature and Origin of the Mind\" and presented in Geometric Order, for 10 points, name this magnum opus by the author of Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, Baruch Spinoza.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 465 ], [ 466, 676 ], [ 677, 899 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Milton {Cage}, {Jr.}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An early percussive work by this composer repeated the 16 measure theme of 4-3-2-3-4 several times.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Cage", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d2eb", "qanta_id": 26008, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An early percussive work by this composer repeated the 16 measure theme of 4-3-2-3-4 several times. Besides First Construction for 6 Percussionists, another of his compositions is divided into six classes including country, city and amplified sounds, the last of which included crickets chirping; that work is the Fontana Mix. A ballet written by him divides each of the four movements into nine sections with proportional durations called The Seasons. Another one of his works was composed for any instrument and the performer is instructed not to play the instrument during the entire duration of the piece throughout the three movements. The composer of Roaratorio, for 10 points, name this American composer of Four Minutes and Thirty Three Seconds.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 326 ], [ 327, 454 ], [ 454, 643 ], [ 643, 755 ] ], "tournament": "Princeton Buzzerfest", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Horus ", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity is identified with the crocodile god Khenty-khety, and tricked his rival into eating semen and raced him in a boat made of fake stone.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horus", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d2ee", "qanta_id": 26011, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity is identified with the crocodile god Khenty-khety, and tricked his rival into eating semen and raced him in a boat made of fake stone. Conceived either by a golden phallus or by divine fire, he bit off that rival's genitals, explaining why the desert is infertile. His eyes represented the sun and moon, and Wedjat was associated with this god, the patron of the pharaohs. His left eye, a symbol of protection, was torn out by his evil uncle Set. For 10 points, name this falcon-headed Egyptian sky god, a son of Isis and Osiris.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 275 ], [ 276, 383 ], [ 384, 457 ], [ 458, 540 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Wuthering Heights}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this work throws hot applesauce in the face of a boy who made fun of his hair length, and boasts about turning Hareton into an ignorant brute.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wuthering_Heights", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d304", "qanta_id": 26033, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this work throws hot applesauce in the face of a boy who made fun of his hair length, and boasts about turning Hareton into an ignorant brute. One character in this novel is bitten by a bulldog while walking the moors, and becomes acquainted with the Lintons. That character eventually dies after Edgar's altercation with her love interest, which leads her love interest to elope with Isabella. After being tyrannized by Hindley, the protagonist returns to Thrushcrosse Grange to find Catherine Earnshaw. For 10 points, name this novel about a gypsy Heathcliff, by Emily Bront\u00eb.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 278 ], [ 279, 413 ], [ 414, 523 ], [ 524, 597 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Great Gatsby}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, Dan Cody mentors the narrator as a young child.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Great_Gatsby", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d313", "qanta_id": 26048, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, Dan Cody mentors the narrator as a young child. Its narrator meets the drunken \"Owl-Eyes\" in the title character's residence, and Ewing Klipspringer mooches off the title character. The title character convinces the protagonist of his glory by showing his war medal, and introduces him to Jewish mafia kingpin Meyer Wolfshiem. George Wilson shoots the title character for cheating with his wife, instead of Tom. For 10 points, name this novel about the title character's love for Daisy Buchanan narrated by Nick Carraway, by F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 196 ], [ 197, 341 ], [ 342, 426 ], [ 427, 560 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Frank Lloyd {Wright}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's buildings had an exterior featuring patinated copper, the Price Tower, his only realized skyscraper.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Lloyd_Wright", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d316", "qanta_id": 26051, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's buildings had an exterior featuring patinated copper, the Price Tower, his only realized skyscraper. The Jacobs House has the characteristic L-shape of this architect's Usonian style. He designed the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, and a New York art museum resembling a coiled white ribbon. He designed his Wisconsin summer home, Taliesin, as well as house featuring cantilevered concrete floors, made for Edgar Kaufmann. For 10 points, name this American Prairie School architect who designed Fallingwater.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 201 ], [ 202, 302 ], [ 303, 433 ], [ 434, 519 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Carmen ", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This opera's second act includes the prelude \"Les Dragons d'Alcala.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carmen", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d319", "qanta_id": 26054, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This opera's second act includes the prelude \"Les Dragons d'Alcala.\" Act II opens at Lillas Pastia's inn and sees Danca\u00efre and Remendado tell Frasquita, Merc\u00e9d\u00e8s, and the main character to dispose of their contraband. The main character earlier escapes from Lieutenant Zuniga by singing the \"Seguidilla\" aria, seducing her guard, Don Jos\u00e9. The title character claims that \"Love is a rebellious bird\" in the \"Habanera\" aria, and Escamillo the bullfighter sings the Toreador song. For 10 points, name this opera about a gypsy working in a cigarette factory, by Georges Bizet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 67, 68 ], [ 69, 217 ], [ 218, 339 ], [ 340, 478 ], [ 479, 573 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Louis XIV} of France", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler mandated the baptism of slaves and banished Jews with his Code Noir, and built a retirement home for injured war veterans.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Louis_XIV_of_France", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d323", "qanta_id": 26064, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler mandated the baptism of slaves and banished Jews with his Code Noir, and built a retirement home for injured war veterans. This man's reign saw uprisings ended by the Peace of Rueil, the two Frondes. He closed down Protestant schools and revoked the Edict of Nantes by issuing the Edict of Fountainbleau, and fought for nine years against the League of Augsburg. He was advised by finance minister Colbert and Cardinal Mazarin, and had built the palace of Versailles. For 10 points, name this long-ruling \"Sun King\" of France.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 210 ], [ 211, 373 ], [ 374, 478 ], [ 479, 537 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{quartz} [prompt on {silicate}, prompt on {silicon dioxide} or {silica}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Cristobalite and tridymite are polymorphs of this mineral, along with its hexagonal beta variety.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quartz", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d32c", "qanta_id": 26073, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Cristobalite and tridymite are polymorphs of this mineral, along with its hexagonal beta variety. A felsic mineral, it lies below muscovite at the bottom of Bowen's reaction series. One variety with planar deformation features is often present in nuclear bomb impact sites and at the K-T boundary, the shocked variety. Like topaz, it exhibits piezoelectricity. Gold ore sometimes occurs in veins of this mineral. It comes in many colored varieties, including onyx, citrine, agate, and amethyst. For 10 points, name this silicate mineral with a Mohs hardness of 7.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 181 ], [ 182, 318 ], [ 319, 360 ], [ 361, 412 ], [ 413, 494 ], [ 495, 563 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Count of {Monte Cristo} or Le {Comte} de {Monte Cristo}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the Saint-M\u00e9rans are the first victims of H\u00e9lo\u00efse's poisoning rampage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Count_of_Monte_Cristo", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d33e", "qanta_id": 26091, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, the Saint-M\u00e9rans are the first victims of H\u00e9lo\u00efse's poisoning rampage. Barrois drinks the bromine meant for Valentine's paralyzed grandfather. The protagonist saves Valentine after Maximilien confesses his love. The protagonist falls in love with Hayd\u00e9e. The Count of Morcerf, also known as Fernand Mondego, marries Merc\u00e9d\u00e8s. The protagonist discovers Abb\u00e9 Faria's fortune and adopts the title alias while seeking revenge for false imprisonment in the Ch\u00e2teau d'If by Villefort. For 10 points, name this novel about Edmond Dant\u00e8s, by Alexander Dumas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 157 ], [ 158, 226 ], [ 227, 269 ], [ 270, 340 ], [ 341, 493 ], [ 494, 565 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The War of {1812}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One conflict in this battle saw forces under Stephen van Rensselaer unsuccessfully attack Queenston Heights, leading to the death of defender Isaac Brock.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_1812", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d344", "qanta_id": 26097, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One conflict in this battle saw forces under Stephen van Rensselaer unsuccessfully attack Queenston Heights, leading to the death of defender Isaac Brock. One war simultaneous to this one saw its namesakes' Red Sticks faction attack the southeastern US, the Creek War. This war was sparked by Macon's Bill No. 2, and Tecumseh died during its Battle of the Thames. Its bloodiest battle took place at Lundy's Lane. One side in this war sacked Washington D.C., burning down the White House. For 10 points, name this war in which Andrew Jackson defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans after its official end at the Treaty of Ghent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 268 ], [ 269, 363 ], [ 364, 412 ], [ 413, 487 ], [ 488, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Ra} or {Re}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The all-black bull Mnevis was a manifestation of this deity, whose soul was represented by the Bennu bird.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ra", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d34f", "qanta_id": 26108, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The all-black bull Mnevis was a manifestation of this deity, whose soul was represented by the Bennu bird. The grandfather of Geb and Nut, he fathered Tefnut and is either the husband or father of Hathor. In the form of a cat, he repeatedly slays an evil serpent. Riding a barge each night, he would defeat Apep, the demon of darkness, before turning back towards the east. He was sometimes combined with Atum, Horus, or Amun. For 10 points, name Egyptian sun god.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 204 ], [ 205, 263 ], [ 264, 373 ], [ 374, 426 ], [ 427, 464 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Eugene {O'Neill}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote about a \"busted Ingersoll,\" a blue-collar laborer named Yank.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d35a", "qanta_id": 26119, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote about a \"busted Ingersoll,\" a blue-collar laborer named Yank. In another work, Robert Mayo dies of pneumonia in a ravine. He wrote about Smithers and the title character, Brutus, who is shot by a silver bullet. In addition to The Hairy Ape, Beyond the Horizon, and The Emperor Jones, he wrote about Theodore \"Hickey\" Hickman's murder of his wife in a play set in Harry Hope's bar, and about the tubercular Edmund and morphine-addicted Mary in a play about the Tyrones. For 10 points, name this author of The Iceman Cometh and Long Day's Journey into Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 136 ], [ 137, 225 ], [ 226, 483 ], [ 484, 571 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{glaciers} [prompt on ice {sheets}, {ice shelves}, or {ice caps}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Glenn-Nye law governs these objects' movement, which can be facilitated by basal sliding.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glacier", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d360", "qanta_id": 26125, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Glenn-Nye law governs these objects' movement, which can be facilitated by basal sliding. Areas affected by them are subject to isostatic rebound. They produce chatter marks through plucking, and affected areas are marked by kames and kettles. Sometimes featuring moulins and ogives, these features can form eskers and paternosters. They carve out U- or V-shaped valleys, as well as inlets called fjords, and leave behind drumlins and moraines. Calving on the edges of these objects produces icebergs. For 10 points, name these large frozen rivers of ice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 150 ], [ 151, 247 ], [ 248, 336 ], [ 337, 448 ], [ 449, 505 ], [ 506, 559 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Antonio {Vivaldi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's Opus 3 was a collection of twelve concertos for one, two, or four violins, titled L'Estro Armonico.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d364", "qanta_id": 26129, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's Opus 3 was a collection of twelve concertos for one, two, or four violins, titled L'Estro Armonico. He wrote three operas based on Orlando Furioso. His concertos for solo violin, including \"The Sea Storm,\" \"Pleasure,\" and \"The Hunt,\" were included in The Contest between Harmony and Invention, the first four pieces of which were accompanied by sonnets describing a goatherd with a faithful dog, lightning and fierce thunder, and icy north winds. Master of violin at a girls' orphanage, he became known as the \"Red Priest.\" For 10 points, name this Venetian composer of The Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 158 ], [ 159, 457 ], [ 458, 534 ], [ 535, 598 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "al-{Qur'an} [prompt on {suras}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This text's 24th chapter proscribes the punishment for zina and tells of a niche containing a lamp lit from the oil of a blessed olive tree.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quran", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d36b", "qanta_id": 26136, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This text's 24th chapter proscribes the punishment for zina and tells of a niche containing a lamp lit from the oil of a blessed olive tree. Verse 255 of its second chapter discusses a \"Kurs\u00ee,\" or throne, while another part tells of the Isra and Mi'raj, or the \"night journey.\" Its ninth chapter contains the sword verse and is notable for not starting with the Bismillah. Beginning with Al-Fatiha and ending with An-Nas, the Hadith supplements its interpretation. Containing 114 suras, Jibril revealed it to Muhammad. For 10 points, name this sacred text of Islam.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 276 ], [ 276, 277 ], [ 278, 372 ], [ 373, 464 ], [ 465, 518 ], [ 519, 565 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Indonesia}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation was home to the Majapahit and Sri\u00b7vi\u00b7jaya empires.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d389", "qanta_id": 26166, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation was home to the Majapahit and Sri\u00b7vi\u00b7jaya empires. This nation's capital was razed by the Dutch and renamed Batavia. This nation struggled for sovereignty with groups like Sarekat Islam, and it gained independence under \"Guided Democracy\" with the leadership of Mohammed Hatta and Sukarno. This nation hosted leftist leaders at the Bandung Conference. It was recently under the dictatorship of Suharto. Its remnant of Hindu culture is most prominent in Bali. For 10 points, name this archipelago of over 17,000 islands with a capital at Jakarta.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 128 ], [ 129, 301 ], [ 302, 363 ], [ 364, 414 ], [ 415, 470 ], [ 471, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Aristophanes ", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a play by this author, a man is denounced for polluting his tongue with \"abominable pleasures in brothels.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristophanes", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d38e", "qanta_id": 26171, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a play by this author, a man is denounced for polluting his tongue with \"abominable pleasures in brothels.\" In another play, a sycophant tries to take a Boeotian's eels and birds before he is packed into straw. He wrote about a slave blamed for a beating given by his master, Demos. That slave, Cleon, argues with a sausage seller. In one of his plays, Socrates appears hanging overhead in a basket and Pheidippides is enrolled in the Thinkery by his father Strepsiades. For 10 points, name this Greek playwright of The Knights, The Clouds, The Frogs, and Lysistrata.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 109, 213 ], [ 214, 285 ], [ 286, 334 ], [ 335, 473 ], [ 474, 570 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Franz {Schubert}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man composed for solo piano in six of his Moments Musicaux, and wrote a piano piece for four hands, Fantasia in F minor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Schubert", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d394", "qanta_id": 26177, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man composed for solo piano in six of his Moments Musicaux, and wrote a piano piece for four hands, Fantasia in F minor. He composed incidental music for Rosamunde, and a piece which features four characters sung by one vocalist. \"Death and the Maiden\" and \"Hark! Hark! the Lark\" were among his compositions in one genre which also included \"Die Erlk\u00f6nig,\" a piece later expanded into his Trout Quintet, and \"Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel.\" For 10 points, name this composer of lieder and an Eighth Symphony, left unfinished at his death.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 234 ], [ 235, 268 ], [ 269, 274 ], [ 275, 446 ], [ 447, 544 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Jainism}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Kapla is the biography of this religion's founder. Books called the Cheda contain rules for monks in\n this religion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3a6", "qanta_id": 26195, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Kapla is the biography of this religion's founder. Books called the Cheda contain rules for monks in\n this religion. The most important texts in this religion are the Agamas. Vision, knowledge, and conduct are\n the so-called \"triple gems\" of this religion. Each of this religion's prophets was smaller than the one that\n came before him; these prophets are called the 24 bridge-makers, or Tirthankars, the most recent of which\n was this religion's founder, Mahavira. Because of this religion's principle of ahimsa, some members wear\n masks to avoid accidentally inhaling and killing insects. For 10 points, name this Indian religion committed\n to non-violence.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 178 ], [ 179, 260 ], [ 261, 470 ], [ 471, 595 ], [ 596, 664 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jainism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This religion's believers practice the Four Restraints and they adhere to right vision, knowledge, and conduct, or the ratnatraya.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3a7", "qanta_id": 26196, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This religion's believers practice the Four Restraints and they adhere to right vision, knowledge, and conduct, or the ratnatraya. Followers perform the five-fold bow when they recite this religion's primary prayer, the Namokar Mantra. This religion reserves the highest level of its seven-tiered heaven for those who have obtained liberation, or moksha. It reveres twenty-four figures who have recaptured dharma and lead others towards enlightenment, and this religion requires adherence to ahimsa, or non-violence. For 10 points, name this non-violent Indian religion founded by the last tirthankara, Mahavira.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 235 ], [ 236, 354 ], [ 355, 516 ], [ 517, 612 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Jainism} [accept {Jaina}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This belief system holds that partial knowledge is attainable through different viewpoints called naya and that souls are initially omniscient but restrained by karma.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3ab", "qanta_id": 26200, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This belief system holds that partial knowledge is attainable through different viewpoints called naya and that souls are initially omniscient but restrained by karma. Among the tenets of this religion are asteya, not taking that which is not given, and satya, truth. Forgiveness can be sought through samayik and the concepts of dharma and adharma allow movement and rest. Samvara is a cessation of the accumulation of karma, and the 24 Tirthankaras acquired all knowledge. Sects of this religion include the sky-clad Digambaras and white-clad Svetambaras, both of which practice ahimsa, or non-violence. For 10 points, name this religion whose adherents follow the teachings of Mahavira.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 267 ], [ 268, 373 ], [ 374, 474 ], [ 475, 605 ], [ 606, 689 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Martin {Luther}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker posits that Satan claims all unredeemed humans in", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Luther", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3af", "qanta_id": 26204, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker posits that Satan claims all unredeemed humans in On the Bondage of the Will. Another of his works denies that Extreme Unction and Matrimony are sacraments. He wrote a work displayed prominently at Nuremberg rallies which advocates killing Jews. In addition authoring to On the Jews and their Lies and On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, he said \"Here I stand; I can do no other. God help me,\" while being tried at the Diet of Worms, and translated the Bible into German. For 10 points, name this man who railed against indulgences in the 95 Theses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 90 ], [ 91, 169 ], [ 170, 258 ], [ 259, 283 ], [ 284, 367 ], [ 367, 399 ], [ 400, 491 ], [ 492, 569 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Golden Bough}: A Study in Magic and Religion", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work discusses the names of the dead as \"Tabooed Words\" and human sacrifice in fire-festivals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Golden_Bough", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3b3", "qanta_id": 26208, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work discusses the names of the dead as \"Tabooed Words\" and human sacrifice in fire-festivals. It discusses the \"Killing of the Tree-Spirit\" with reference to a ritual murder governing the succession of Nemi's priesthood of Diana. It includes a chapter on the Corn-spirit as various animals, and compares Attis and Adonis to Osiris. With a discussion of Christian imagery removed in later editions, it was titled after an object used to gain access to the underworld in the Aeneid. For 10 points, name this work of comparative religion and mythology by James Frazer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 235 ], [ 236, 337 ], [ 338, 486 ], [ 487, 571 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Thailand ", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this modern day country, the territory of the Sukkothai kingdom was conquered by the kingdom centered on Ayutthaya, which had a king with his own royal language and who only royalty could look at.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thailand", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3ba", "qanta_id": 26215, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this modern day country, the territory of the Sukkothai kingdom was conquered by the kingdom centered on Ayutthaya, which had a king with his own royal language and who only royalty could look at. The dictator Phibun allied this nation with Japan. In this country, one king had been a monk for 26 years before opening his kingdom to invite Westerners like Anna Leonowens. That ruler, Mongkut, is part of the Chakri dynasty that still rules today, and he was also one of the nine kings in a direct line to be called Rama. This country expelled Westerners for 150 years during the time when it was called Siam by Europeans. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Bangkok.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 250 ], [ 251, 374 ], [ 375, 523 ], [ 524, 624 ], [ 625, 682 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Leonhard {Euler}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In fluid dynamics, this man's namesake equations govern inviscid flow.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3c1", "qanta_id": 26222, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In fluid dynamics, this man's namesake equations govern inviscid flow. He names a formula for the distance between a triangle's incenter and circumcenter. In topology, his namesake characteristic, chi, is the number of vertices, minus edges, plus faces, which for a polyhedron is always 2. The number of smaller natural numbers coprime to a given natural number is this man's totient function. His namesake circuit is a solution to the Bridges of K\u00f6nigsberg problem, and his namesake formula states that e to the ix equals cis x [\"sis ecks\"]. For 10 points, name this 18th century Swiss mathematician.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 154 ], [ 155, 289 ], [ 290, 393 ], [ 394, 542 ], [ 543, 601 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Islamic Republic of {Iran}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's Orumieh Lake is in danger of drying up, while the nearby Anzali Lagoon in the Gilan region is also ecologically threatened.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iran", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3cc", "qanta_id": 26233, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's Orumieh Lake is in danger of drying up, while the nearby Anzali Lagoon in the Gilan region is also ecologically threatened. Cities in this country include Mashhad, a holy city in its Razavi Khorasan Province. A mountain range here is home to Mt. Dena and Zard Kuh, the Zagros Mountains. One strait south of this country has 40% of all oil shipments go through it. That strait, the Strait of Hormuz, is shared with Oman and the UAE. For 10 points, name this country with major cities such as Esfahan and Tehran.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 223 ], [ 224, 301 ], [ 302, 378 ], [ 379, 446 ], [ 447, 525 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Awakening}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the protagonist's spouse calls Dr. Mandelet to diagnose the protagonist's odd behavior.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Awakening_(Chopin_novel)", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3cf", "qanta_id": 26236, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, the protagonist's spouse calls Dr. Mandelet to diagnose the protagonist's odd behavior. The protagonist is moved by the piano playing of a her friend, Madamoiselle Reisz, and later stays with Adele Ratignolle as she goes into labor, even though she finds it tortuous. After the protagonist's husband Leonce leaves for New York on business, she has an affair with Alcee Arobin and later drowns at sea after losing Robert Lebrun. For 10 points, name this novel about Edna Pontellier, by Kate Chopin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 282 ], [ 283, 442 ], [ 443, 512 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "semiconductors ", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These substances exhibit Shockley-Read-Hall and Auger [oh-ZHAY] recombination.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Semiconductor", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3d5", "qanta_id": 26242, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These substances exhibit Shockley-Read-Hall and Auger [oh-ZHAY] recombination. One type has a temperature dependence governed by Fermi-Dirac statistics. The intrinsic type has a small but non-zero band gap between the valence and conduction bands. Charge carriers in these materials include both electrons and holes. Their Fermi levels change after adding boron or phosphorous impurities through doping, producing their p and n types. Used in diodes and solar panels, some examples include germanium and silicon. For 10 points, name these materials with conductivities between those of conductors and non-conductors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 152 ], [ 153, 247 ], [ 248, 316 ], [ 317, 434 ], [ 435, 512 ], [ 513, 616 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "\u00c9mile {Durkheim}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man characterized social facts as exerting \"coercive power.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Durkheim", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d3ec", "qanta_id": 26265, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man characterized social facts as exerting \"coercive power.\" He wrote about organic versus mechanical solidarity and defined religion as that which classifies things as sacred or profane. This author of The Rules of the Sociological Method and Elementary Forms of Religious Life coined a term for the breakdown of norms in The Division of Labor in Society. Another work comments on differing rates of the title phenomenon among Catholics and Protestants, dividing it into fatalistic, altruistic, egotistic, and anomic types. For 10 points, name this French sociologist, author of Suicide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 192 ], [ 193, 361 ], [ 362, 529 ], [ 530, 593 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sim\u00f3n {Bol\u00edvar}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This politician's vice president was Francisco Santander, and he led a state whose divisions included Cundinamarca.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sim\u00f3n_Bol\u00edvar", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d402", "qanta_id": 26287, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This politician's vice president was Francisco Santander, and he led a state whose divisions included Cundinamarca. This man wrote a \"Reply \u2026 to a Gentleman of\" the title island in his Letter from Jamaica. He brought back an exiled Francisco Miranda. A Spanish army surrendered to him at the Battle of Boyac\u00e1, and the Battle of Pichincha was won with the help of Antonio de Sucre. He blamed the fall of the First Republic on a weak government in his Cartagena Manifesto, and assembled a congress at Angostura. For 10 points, name this Liberator of much of South America, the namesake of a country with capitals at La Paz and Sucre.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 205 ], [ 206, 250 ], [ 251, 380 ], [ 381, 509 ], [ 510, 631 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Chile}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The exploits of the Spanish heroes Rengo, Tucapel, and Lautaro are recounted by Alonso de Ercilla in this nation's founding epic, La Araucana.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chile", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d419", "qanta_id": 26310, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The exploits of the Spanish heroes Rengo, Tucapel, and Lautaro are recounted by Alonso de Ercilla in this nation's founding epic, La Araucana. Creacionismo was a Modernist literary movement created in Paris by a poet from this country, Vicente Huidobro. A more recent novelist from this nation wrote the memoir The Boom in Spanish-American Literature: A Personal History, as well as a novel in which the narrator Humberto takes on various guises, including The Mute and El Imbunche, while ostensibly telling the story of the deformed Boy, whose father Jeronimo surrounds him with freaks so he'll seem normal. Along with the author of The Obscene Bird of Night, Jose Donoso, this nation also produced the author of Crepusculario and Residence on Earth, as well as a collection of poems that includes \"Tonight I Can Write.\" For 10 points this is what nation, home to Pablo Neruda?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 253 ], [ 254, 586 ], [ 587, 608 ], [ 609, 820 ], [ 820, 878 ] ], "tournament": "Sun n Fun", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Frank Owen {Gehry} [accept {Ephraim} Owen {Goldberg}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Skansa Beacon Inc. and this architect were being sued for design and construction flaws related to moisture buildup for a recent addition to the MIT campus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Gehry", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d499", "qanta_id": 26438, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Skansa Beacon Inc. and this architect were being sued for design and construction flaws related to moisture buildup for a recent addition to the MIT campus. He entered the public conscious with corrugated cardboard furniture such as his Easy Edges Wiggle Side Chair. He designed the successor to the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, $147 million over budget, but it received praise despite heating adjacent sidewalks to over 140 degrees with its stainless steel exterior walls. One building designed by this architect circumvented legal restriction on building height by being classified as a work or art, that building is the Jay Pritzker Pavilion. His most famous deconstructivist work utilized seemingly random curves to catch the light and sits above the Nervion River. For 10 points, name this Canadian-American Pritzker prize winning architect of the Guggenheim Bilbao.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 266 ], [ 267, 486 ], [ 487, 658 ], [ 659, 782 ], [ 783, 884 ] ], "tournament": "Sun n Fun", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ralph {Vaughn Williams}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One suite, by this composer for viola, small chorus, and orchestra consists of six movements each labeled with a verse from the Song of Solomon, and takes its title from the Latin for \"flower of the field.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ralph_Vaughan_Williams", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d4b2", "qanta_id": 26463, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One suite, by this composer for viola, small chorus, and orchestra consists of six movements each labeled with a verse from the Song of Solomon, and takes its title from the Latin for \"flower of the field.\" In addition to Flos Campi, this composer stayed in the port town of King's Lynn for nearly three months collecting folk songs he later used in his Norfolk Rhapsody. The last movement of his third symphony opens with a pentatonic recitative for wordless soprano voice with muted percussion, and his second symphony opens with the harp sounding the chimes of Westminster. He wrote the score for the 1948 biopic, Scott in the Antarctic, much of which he reused in his seventh symphony, Sinfonia Antartica. For 10 points, name this English composer of The Lark Ascending and a Fantasia on Greensleeves.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 205, 206 ], [ 207, 371 ], [ 372, 576 ], [ 577, 709 ], [ 710, 805 ] ], "tournament": "Sun n Fun", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Entropy} [accept {S}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A formulation of this quantity due to Kolmogorov is derived by dividing phase space into infinitesimal hypercubes and is equal to an integral of the Lyapunov exponent over possible trajectories.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d4b9", "qanta_id": 26470, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A formulation of this quantity due to Kolmogorov is derived by dividing phase space into infinitesimal hypercubes and is equal to an integral of the Lyapunov exponent over possible trajectories. By relaxing the requirement of additivity, Renyi generalized one form of this quantity using a parameter alpha. Von Neumann's formulation of this quantity sets it proportional to the trace of the density matrix times the natural log of the density matrix, though this quantity is more commonly understood in a Gibbs state and in a form named for Shannon, where it measures the amount of information needed to encode a state. In equilibrium thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy is equal to the enthalpy minus the temperature times this quantity. For 10 points, name this quantity which, according to the second law of thermodynamics, always rises.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 306 ], [ 307, 619 ], [ 620, 740 ], [ 741, 842 ] ], "tournament": "Sun n Fun", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Peru}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Eloy Burga's return to this nation sparked conflict with the Pizarro-Rubia casta, partially caused by the discontent Antero Aspillaga, who was cast down by the Partido Civil in favor of Guillermo Billinghurst.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peru", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d4f6", "qanta_id": 26531, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Eloy Burga's return to this nation sparked conflict with the Pizarro-Rubia casta, partially caused by the discontent Antero Aspillaga, who was cast down by the Partido Civil in favor of Guillermo Billinghurst. Billinghurst was in turn overthrown by the coup of Manuel Prado and Oscar Benavides, and major political parties in this nation's history include the AP of Fernando Belaunde Terry and Victor Raul Haya de la Torre's APRA. This nation was home to the La Cantuta Massacre under a leader who also instituted anti-terrorist policies against the followers of a man calling himself President Gonzalo. For 10 points, name this country, home to the human rights abuses of both the Shining Path and Alberto Fujimori.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 430 ], [ 431, 603 ], [ 604, 716 ] ], "tournament": "Sun n Fun", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Freidrich August von {Hayek} [or {F.A. Hayek}]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this thinker labels the impact of forced saving on capital intensity the \"concertina cause\" of business cycles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Hayek", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d525", "qanta_id": 26578, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this thinker labels the impact of forced saving on capital intensity the \"concertina cause\" of business cycles. He outlined the evolutionary processes behind current moral conventions in a work that argues that universalizable laws create the maximum freedom and justice. That book by this author of Prices and Production contains a postscript that rejects the title doctrine because it offers no alternative to the current state of politics. Another work by him examines Nazi Germany and asserts that any form of collectivism and economic planning will lead to tyranny. For 10 points, name this Austrian author of The Constitution of Liberty and The Road to Serfdom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 283 ], [ 284, 454 ], [ 455, 582 ], [ 583, 679 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "kidney", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The basement membrane of these structures acquires a basket-weave appearance while they scar in Alport syndrome.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kidney", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d55e", "qanta_id": 26635, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The basement membrane of these structures acquires a basket-weave appearance while they scar in Alport syndrome. This organ contains a structure whose slit diaphragms occur in between podocytes, and one hormone produced here forms a blood pressure regulating system with angiotensin. This organ contains a structure that consists of a capillary tuft and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule called the glomerulus. This organ concentrates sodium to retain water in the loop of Henle, and it sits under the glands that produce epinephrine. For 10 points, name this organ, whose central functional unit is the nephron and which produces urine for expulsion by the bladder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 283 ], [ 284, 410 ], [ 411, 534 ], [ 535, 666 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Charles {Baudelaire}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man wrote of a figure whose \"lucid essence flames with lightnings\" as he tells God that \"Of light drawn from the holy fount\" will \"all time and all space\" braid him a mystic crown and that \"pain is the only nobility.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Baudelaire", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d566", "qanta_id": 26643, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote of a figure whose \"lucid essence flames with lightnings\" as he tells God that \"Of light drawn from the holy fount\" will \"all time and all space\" braid him a mystic crown and that \"pain is the only nobility.\" That figure, the Poet, appears in \"Benediction\" as well as a poem wherein he is compared to a \"prince of the clouds\" who pathetically lets his \"great white wings\" drag after sailors catch him. This man also created a character who \"dreams of scaffolds as he smokes his hookah pipe\"; that figure is Ennui, who is known to the hypocrite twin. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Albatross\" and \"To the Reader\", poems in his Flowers of Evil.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 221 ], [ 221, 415 ], [ 416, 563 ], [ 564, 665 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Cat on a Hot Tin Roof}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work calls Europe \"a great big auction\" before relating a story about encountering a child prostitute in Marrakech.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cat_on_a_Hot_Tin_Roof", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d57a", "qanta_id": 26663, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work calls Europe \"a great big auction\" before relating a story about encountering a child prostitute in Marrakech. Dr. Baugh prescribes morphine for that character, who has a sister named \"Miss Sally\" and asks another of this work's characters if \"chasin' poon-tang\" resulted in his sprained ankle. Another character in this play drinks until he hears a \"click\" in his head, is disgusted with the world's \"mendacity\", and never came to terms with Skipper's homosexuality. Mae and Gooper scheme to receive the inheritance of the cancer-stricken Big Daddy in, for 10 points, which play about Brick and Maggie Pollitt, a work of Tennessee Williams?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 321 ], [ 322, 494 ], [ 495, 668 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Nikita Khrushchev", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This leader ordered the development of the Hotel and Golf class missile submarines.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikita_Khrushchev", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d588", "qanta_id": 26677, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This leader ordered the development of the Hotel and Golf class missile submarines. During the \"Virgin Lands Program,\" this man attempted to plant corn in the tundra, leading to decreased agricultural production. During his leadership, the \"Anti-Party Group\" was purged. This man picked Janos Kadar as leader after crushing the revolt of Imre Nagy in Hungary. After the Cuban Missile Crisis, this man was replaced by Leonid Brezhnev. This man's notable speeches include the \"Secret Speech\", which condemned his predecessor in front of the Politburo. For 10 points, name this leader of the Soviet Union who replaced Stalin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 212 ], [ 213, 270 ], [ 271, 359 ], [ 360, 433 ], [ 434, 549 ], [ 550, 622 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Salman {Rushdie} [or {Ahmed} Salman {Rushdie}; if {you} are a {bear}, accept \u201cSalmon {Rushdie}\u201d]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character created by this man weaves a series of shawls depicting her husband's rise to power and overthrow by Raza Hyder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salman_Rushdie", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d5a0", "qanta_id": 26701, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character created by this man weaves a series of shawls depicting her husband's rise to power and overthrow by Raza Hyder. Rani and Iskander Harappa are found in a book by this man that also features Sufiya, whose outbreaks of violence lead to her beheading her husband Omar before exploding. He also created a character who dreams of Abu Simbel's deal with \"the Messenger\", Mahound, and who shoots Whisky Sisodia before throwing Alleluia Cone off a roof. This author of Shame also wrote a novel that begins with a hijacked plane exploding over the English Channel. For 10 points, identify this author of that book about Saladin Chamcha and Gibreel Farishta, The Satanic Verses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 296 ], [ 297, 459 ], [ 460, 569 ], [ 570, 682 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Thoth} [or {Djehuty}; or {Tahuti}; or {Zehuti}; or {Techu}; or {Tetu}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This deity helped resolve a dispute that brought a water goddess back from Nubia and oversaw three major battles between order and chaos.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thoth", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d5ed", "qanta_id": 26778, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity helped resolve a dispute that brought a water goddess back from Nubia and oversaw three major battles between order and chaos. One creature that served this god was a guardian of a lake of fire named Astennu. He gave Isis the words that would resurrect Osiris and once alleviated Nun's sterility by gambling with Khonsu to secure the intercalary days. One of his forms is the god of equilibrium, the baboon-headed A'an. He oversaw the ceremony in which the feather of Ma'at, his feminine counterpart, was weighed by Anubis against the heart of the deceased. For 10 points, name inventor of writing, an Egyptian god of wisdom and magic who is depicted with the head of an ibis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 219 ], [ 220, 362 ], [ 363, 430 ], [ 431, 568 ], [ 569, 687 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Clifford {Geertz}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man wrote that anthropology should focus on the mind and human nature in an essay that argues that the titular belief creates its own anxiety over the \"degradation of the mind\" caused by a lack of absolutism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Clifford_Geertz", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d5f3", "qanta_id": 26784, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote that anthropology should focus on the mind and human nature in an essay that argues that the titular belief creates its own anxiety over the \"degradation of the mind\" caused by a lack of absolutism. Another work by him critiques the application of Western political forms to the title communities that reinforce their power through a dramatic \"theater state\". This author of \"Anti Anti-Relativism\" examined the value of a certain high-stakes competition in Indonesia using a technique coined by Gilbert Ryle. For 10 points, name this American practitioner of \"thick description\" whose \"Deep Play: Notes on a Balinese Cockfight\" is in The Interpretation of Cultures.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 214, 374 ], [ 375, 523 ], [ 524, 680 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Yasunari Kawabata", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character created by this author is outraged and disheartened when his opponent commits the sealed Move 121.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d5fc", "qanta_id": 26793, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character created by this author is outraged and disheartened when his opponent commits the sealed Move 121. This author of a series of brief tales called the Palm-of-the-Hand stories wrote about a student who becomes close with a family of entertainers in \"The Dancing Girl of Izu.\" In another of his novels, the businessman Shimamura has an (*) affair with the geisha Komako in a hot spring town. For 10 points, name this Nobel prize winning Japanese author of The Master of Go and Snow Country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 286 ], [ 286, 402 ], [ 403, 501 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 16", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Moses} [or {Moshe}; or {Musa}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one tradition this figure breaks an oath to follow without questioning while on a journey with Al-Khidr.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moses", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d606", "qanta_id": 26803, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one tradition this figure breaks an oath to follow without questioning while on a journey with Al-Khidr. In another tradition, this figure receives a vision of Adam and Eve's family in his namesake book in The Pearl of Great Price. This man ordered the slaughter of Midianites to retaliate against Balak, and he mounted a brass serpent on a pole to ward off snakebites after producing water from a rock and making manna rain from heaven. This husband of Tzipporah was raised by the Pharaoh's sister and announced the arrival of ten plagues with his brother Aaron. For 10 points, name this prophet who received the Torah on Mount Sinai and led the Israelites out of Egypt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 234 ], [ 235, 440 ], [ 441, 566 ], [ 567, 674 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Philip {Glass} [the {namesake} chamber work is {Glassworks}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's third symphony was originally composed for the 19 strings in the Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra and features a chaconne as its third movement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philip_Glass", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d613", "qanta_id": 26816, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's third symphony was originally composed for the 19 strings in the Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra and features a chaconne as its third movement. His trilogy of \"portraits of nature\" consists of The Light, The Canyon, and Itaipu, while his later symphonies include the Ginsberg-inspired Plutonian Ode and the Toltec. His eponymous six-movement chamber work includes the piece \"Facades\", which was drawn from his score to Godfrey Reggio's Koyaanisqatsi. This man adapted the Hymn to the Sun and the Book of the Dead for the third of his \"portrait\" operas, Akhenaten. For 10 points, name this American minimalist who scored films like The Hours and The Truman Show.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 321 ], [ 322, 457 ], [ 458, 570 ], [ 571, 668 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "David {Hume}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker argued against relativism in the true critique of art and posited a universal \"mental\" form of the title concept in one essay in his Four Dissertations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d61e", "qanta_id": 26827, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker argued against relativism in the true critique of art and posited a universal \"mental\" form of the title concept in one essay in his Four Dissertations. Another book by this author of \"The Standard of Taste\" outlines three fundamental laws of justice. This man wrote a work narrated by Pamphilus that contains a conversation between Cleanthes, Demea, and Philo. He introduced the \"copy principle\" and posited a man able to deduce the \"missing shade of blue\" in a work that includes the sections \"Of the Origin of Ideas\" and \"Of Miracles.\" For 10 points, name this empiricist who wrote Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and A Treatise of Human Nature.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 264 ], [ 265, 374 ], [ 375, 551 ], [ 552, 667 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sergei Sergeyevich {Prokofiev}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer depicted laughter in the final \"Precipitosissimo\" section of a solo piano work that also features movements marked \"Tempestuoso\" and \"Smanioso\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d62d", "qanta_id": 26842, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer depicted laughter in the final \"Precipitosissimo\" section of a solo piano work that also features movements marked \"Tempestuoso\" and \"Smanioso\". He transformed his ballet Ala i Lolli into a suite that opens with the \"Invocation to Veles and Ala\" and features the \"Dance of the Pagan Monsters\". This composer of Sarcasms included a theme for cornet in the \"wedding\" movement of a work that also features a sleigh-bell-backed troika. For 10 points, identify this composer of the Scythian Suite and the Lieutenant Kij\u00e9 Suite who used timpani and bass drums to represent gunshots and strings to represent the titular Young Pioneer of his Peter and the Wolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 184 ], [ 185, 307 ], [ 308, 445 ], [ 446, 667 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Druze} [or {Derzi}; or {Durzi}; or {Duruz}; or {Druzim}; prompt on {al}-{Muwa??id?n}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This faith equally considers the exoteric, esoteric, and double hidden meanings within its scriptures which include the Letters of Wisdom.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Druze", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d630", "qanta_id": 26845, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This faith equally considers the exoteric, esoteric, and double hidden meanings within its scriptures which include the Letters of Wisdom. Like the Brotherhoold of Purity, this religion holds that God is everywhere, and many adherents of it deny God attributes through tanzi. Many members of this faith believe they are descended from the Prophet Jethro, and they are divided between the secular jihhal and the devout uqqal. This religion is based on the seven central principles established by Hamza, and it was founded by Hamza ibn Ali and Al-Hakim. For 10 points, name this Unitarian Ismaili religious community that accepts no converts and is symbolized by a five-color star.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 275 ], [ 276, 424 ], [ 425, 551 ], [ 552, 679 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Charlemagne}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This king defeated Widukind, who led a guerilla war against this man in Saxony.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d644", "qanta_id": 26865, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This king defeated Widukind, who led a guerilla war against this man in Saxony. He outlawed Jewish money-lending in his Capitulary for the Jews. In another war, this man defeated King Desiderius, his former father-in-law. This man ordered the beheading of 4,000 Saxons for practicing paganism in the Massacre of Verden. Important court scholars to this king included Alcuin of York. Biographers of this man include Einhard. He defeated the Lombards, who were threatening to seize Rome, thus earning the gratitude of Pope Leo III, who crowned him on Christmas Day in 800. For 10 points, name this King of the Franks known as \"the Great.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 144 ], [ 145, 221 ], [ 222, 319 ], [ 320, 382 ], [ 383, 423 ], [ 424, 570 ], [ 571, 636 ] ], "tournament": "T-Party", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "George {Washington}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one painting, this figure is cloaked in purple above a rainbow arch and sits flanked by a green-clad, horn-blowing Victoria and a blue-clad Liberty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d662", "qanta_id": 26895, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one painting, this figure is cloaked in purple above a rainbow arch and sits flanked by a green-clad, horn-blowing Victoria and a blue-clad Liberty. In addition to that Brumidi work showing his Apotheosis, this figure appears in a work in which the title person pulls back a red curtain to reveal a scene in which this figure's father demands a hatchet. The Lansdowne Portrait depicts this figure, who places his right hand on his knee as he stares to the left next to a flag-wielding James Monroe in another painting. For 10 points, name this subject of an unfinished portrait by Gilbert Stuart, who is depicted in Grant Wood's Parson Weems' Fable and in a Leutze painting Crossing the Delaware.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 356 ], [ 357, 521 ], [ 522, 699 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Gustave {Flaubert}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of one of this author's novels picks up a discarded bouquet and hands it to his crush, whom he later spurns for her husband's mistress Rosanette.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustave_Flaubert", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d6d8", "qanta_id": 27013, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of one of this author's novels picks up a discarded bouquet and hands it to his crush, whom he later spurns for her husband's mistress Rosanette. An unfinished novel of his concerns two characters that meet on a park bench and realize they are alike in every manner except for appearance. He wrote about a Hospitaller who kills his parents and ascends to heaven with a leper, and about the death of John the Baptist from Herod's point of view; those two stories form the Three Tales along with a story about an orphaned farm-girl who loves her (*) parrot Loulou. This author of Bouvard and Pecuchet and \"A Simple Heart\" wrote about the university student Frederic Moreau in one novel and about the hapless surgeon Charles in another. The latter features the title character's affairs with Leon and Rodolphe. For 10 points, name this French author of Sentimental Education and Madame Bovary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 304 ], [ 305, 578 ], [ 579, 749 ], [ 750, 823 ], [ 824, 906 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER II", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Dragons} [or {sea serpents}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of these creatures that attacked Thespiae was killed by Menestratus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dragon", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d6e5", "qanta_id": 27026, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these creatures that attacked Thespiae was killed by Menestratus. One of these creatures killed the son of Hipsipyle while she was helping the Seven Against Thebes find water, and was killed by Adrastus. Triptolemus' chariot was pulled by these creatures. Another one of these creatures, located next to an object nailed to an oak, was lulled to sleep by Medea. Another one of these creatures guarded the Golden Apples of the Hesperides and was named Ladon. The remains of another one of these, which lived near the Castilian spring, was used by its killer to create the Sparti; that example of these creatures was killed by Cadmus, who \u00a0sowed its teeth. For 10 points, name these lizard-like monsters which may or may not breathe fire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 210 ], [ 211, 262 ], [ 263, 368 ], [ 369, 464 ], [ 465, 661 ], [ 662, 743 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER II", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Ireland}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An early structure on this modern-day country has been called the Dorsey, the Dane's Cast, or the Glen of the Black Pig.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ireland", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d714", "qanta_id": 27073, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An early structure on this modern-day country has been called the Dorsey, the Dane's Cast, or the Glen of the Black Pig. This region's early code of laws allowed polygyny and divorce if the husband was impotent and was known as Brehon's Law. The 5th century chronicler Prosper of Aquitaine claimed that the first Christian bishop sent to this land was Saint Palladius, and the Romans referred to the people from this place as the Scoti. Its four ecclesiastical provinces were established in the 1152 Synod of Kells. Adrian IV's papal bull Laudabiliter was issued in response to Richard de Clare's invasion of this region. One of this land's most famous leaders consolidated his power by defeating his rival, Malachy, and would later win a major battle on Good Friday against Viking forces at Clontarf in 1014. Besides Brian Boru, another notable hero of this region was a Christian bishop, who rid this land of snakes. For ten points, name this place which really likes to celebrate St. Patrick's Day.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 241 ], [ 242, 436 ], [ 437, 515 ], [ 516, 621 ], [ 622, 809 ], [ 810, 918 ], [ 919, 1001 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER II", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Quetzalcoatl} [or Ehecatl before mention; or {Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli} before \u201c{ant}\u201d]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One form of this deity fires darts at different groups of people on different days of the week.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d736", "qanta_id": 27107, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One form of this deity fires darts at different groups of people on different days of the week. This deity once disguised himself as a black ant to steal grain from a group of red ants. In some stories, he killed himself upon being tricked into seeing another deity's reflection, and while burning on his funeral pyre his heart ascended to the heavens and a group of birds flew out of the flames. This figure, who could appear in human form wearing a pendant made of a conch shell, was tricked into sleeping with his (*) sister after getting drunk in one myth. He controls the winds in his Ehecatl form. He used his blood and some ground-up bones from Mictlan to create the race of the fifth sun, and this equivalent of Kukulcan was the enemy of Tezcatlipoca. For 10 points, name this feathered serpent of Aztec myth.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 185 ], [ 186, 396 ], [ 397, 560 ], [ 561, 603 ], [ 604, 759 ], [ 760, 817 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER II", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Shiva}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In Cambodian myth, Hari-hara is a combination of this figure and Hiranya.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shiva", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d77c", "qanta_id": 27177, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Cambodian myth, Hari-hara is a combination of this figure and Hiranya. This figure assumed the name \"conquerer of death\" when he kicked the demon Yama, and the lingam stone represents his phallus. This god drunk the poison from the world's ocean, Halahala, in order to allow the Devatas to access the immortal nectar, thus giving himself the name Neelakantam. In one story, this deity pacified Kali by climbing under her during her victory dance, and in a more famous story severed the head of an elephant to supplant his son's. For 10 points, name this father of Ganesha and husband of Parvati, the destroyer god of the Hindu Trimurti.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 199 ], [ 200, 362 ], [ 363, 531 ], [ 532, 639 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Atwood}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this writer's novels a character rooming with Ainsley and dating Peter, Marian McAlpin, finds herself unable to eat, while in another work a character who attended the Watson-Crick Institute engineers a virus before being shot by Snowman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Atwood", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d77e", "qanta_id": 27179, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this writer's novels a character rooming with Ainsley and dating Peter, Marian McAlpin, finds herself unable to eat, while in another work a character who attended the Watson-Crick Institute engineers a virus before being shot by Snowman. This author of The Edible Woman and Oryx and Crake wrote a novel which retells the Odyssey from Odysseus' wife's perspective, The Penelopiad. She wrote of Alex Thomas' affair with his wife Laura's sister Iris Chase in The Blind Assassin, and she wrote a work in which Offred and Ofglen shop together that takes place in the Republic of Gilead. For 10 points, identify this Canadian author of The Handmaid's Tale.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 248 ], [ 249, 390 ], [ 391, 592 ], [ 593, 661 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{black holes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Reissner-Nordstr\u00f6m metric describes entities of this type with an electrical charge, while the Holographic principle resolves the information paradox associated with them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d780", "qanta_id": 27181, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Reissner-Nordstr\u00f6m metric describes entities of this type with an electrical charge, while the Holographic principle resolves the information paradox associated with them. One is believed to be located near Sagittarius A* (A-Star), and they can be identified only by their mass, charge, and angular momentum according to the no-hair theorem. Non-rotating ones with a net charge of zero are labeled as the Schwarzchild variety. Some are created when a star with a core above the Chandrasekhar limit collapses, and galactic nuclei are believed to consist of the supermassive type of these. For 10 points, name these objects from which light cannot escape.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 224 ], [ 224, 430 ], [ 431, 591 ], [ 592, 657 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Mario {Vargas Llosa} [prompt on partial]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man examined Madame Bovary in his essay The Perpetual Orgy, and in one of this author's works Bonificia and Father Garcia are two characters brought to Don Anselmo's title structure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mario_Vargas_Llosa", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d797", "qanta_id": 27204, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man examined Madame Bovary in his essay The Perpetual Orgy, and in one of this author's works Bonificia and Father Garcia are two characters brought to Don Anselmo's title structure. Santiago Zavala and Ambrosio meet by chance at a dog pound in Conversation at the Cathedral, and this author of The Green House wrote a novel about conflict between the military and Antonio Conselheiro's followers in The War of the End of the World. Another of his novels features radio soap opera writer Pedro Camacho and Lucho's sister-in-law who journalist Mario falls in love with. For 10 points, name this author of Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 437 ], [ 438, 573 ], [ 574, 641 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "ferromagnetism", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Ising model maps alignment of spin in substances with this property.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ferromagnetism", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d79a", "qanta_id": 27207, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Ising model maps alignment of spin in substances with this property. Plutonium phosphorus is an example of an actinide compound with it, and scientists have observed that lithium gas is able to exhibit this property when cooled to almost absolute zero. Long range ordering phenomena cause unpaired electrons in materials with this property to spin parallel to each other. A material loses this property when it is heated past the Curie temperature, and it is explained by the idea of magnetic domains. For 10 points, name this permanent type of magnetism exhibited by nickel, cobalt, and its namesake element.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 256 ], [ 257, 375 ], [ 376, 505 ], [ 506, 613 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "War of the {Spanish Succession} [prompt on partial]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This conflict would lead to the War of the Quadruple Alliance, and several attacks on Port Royal and the Raid on Deerfield occurred on its North American front, known as Queen Anne's War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7ac", "qanta_id": 27225, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This conflict would lead to the War of the Quadruple Alliance, and several attacks on Port Royal and the Raid on Deerfield occurred on its North American front, known as Queen Anne's War. The fortress of Mons fell soon after the Battle of Malplaquet in this conflict, and Great Britain signed the \"Asiento\" with one country involved in this conflict, gaining slave trade rights. Involving the duc de Villars and the Dukes of Savoy and Marlborough, this struggle was fought over the right of a Bourbon to rule after a Hapsburg. Ending with Philip of Anjou recognized as Philip V of France, for 10 points, name this conflict ended by the Treaty of Utrecht.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 378 ], [ 379, 526 ], [ 527, 654 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Hanseatic} League [or {Hansa}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This polity was established with the defeat of Adolf II by Henry the Lion, and Visby contributed to its control of the Baltic, which ended when Ivan III closed its access to Novgorod.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hanseatic_League", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7b7", "qanta_id": 27236, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This polity was established with the defeat of Adolf II by Henry the Lion, and Visby contributed to its control of the Baltic, which ended when Ivan III closed its access to Novgorod. This confederation originally financed the Victual Brothers in their harassment of Queen Margaret of Denmark until the formation of the Kalmar Union in 1397. This polity reached its apex with the formation of the Confederation of Cologne and defeat of Valdemar IV with the Treaty of Stralsund, which granted a monopoly over the Baltic fish trade, and their decline began with the aforementioned Kalmar Union. For 10 points, name this medieval German trading alliance centered around L\u00fcbeck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 184, 341 ], [ 342, 592 ], [ 593, 674 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Cherry Orchard}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one section of this work, Pischik returns money to the protagonist after learning that Englishmen have discovered clay on his land.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Cherry_Orchard", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7b8", "qanta_id": 27237, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one section of this work, Pischik returns money to the protagonist after learning that Englishmen have discovered clay on his land. The events of this work are prompted by one character's return from Paris following her son Grisha's death. Characters in this play include one who is offered a job at a bank but eats sweets and plays billiards, Gayev, and in this play Varya fears that Trofimov and Anya have fallen in love. At the end of Act Three, Lopakhin reveals that he has bought the estate where he and Madame Ranevsky grew up. For 10 points, name this Anton Chekhov play whose title entity is eventually cut down.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 242 ], [ 243, 426 ], [ 427, 536 ], [ 537, 623 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Mao} Zedong", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He led the Autumn Harvest Uprising against his country's Nationalist Party, and he likely also ordered the Futian incident.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mao_Zedong", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7c1", "qanta_id": 27246, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He led the Autumn Harvest Uprising against his country's Nationalist Party, and he likely also ordered the Futian incident. The titular form of combat is described as \"a weapon with which we resist the Japanese\" in his On Guerrilla Warfare, and he also started a program designed to change his nation's agrarian economy into an industrialized one. Excerpts from his speeches and publications can be found in The Little Red Book, and a mausoleum dedicated to him along with a portrait are located in Tienanmen Square. For 10 points, name this man who initiated the Cultural Revolution and Great Leap Forward and served as the leader of China until 1976.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 347 ], [ 348, 516 ], [ 517, 652 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Le {Corbusier} [accept {Charles}-{\u00c9douard Jeanneret}-{Gris}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His early creations included a building whose name was a pun on Citro\u00ebn car models, the Citrohan House, and this man brainstormed a scheme for a \"Contemporary City\" for three million people.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Le_Corbusier", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7c6", "qanta_id": 27251, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His early creations included a building whose name was a pun on Citro\u00ebn car models, the Citrohan House, and this man brainstormed a scheme for a \"Contemporary City\" for three million people. He coined the phrase \"machines for living\" in reference to houses, and the section \"Eyes Which Do Not See\" appears in his essay collection in which he outlined five major points, Towards A New Architecture. This architect is known for building a church with an upturned roof in Ronchamp and a building typifying the International Style and made of reinforced concrete. For 10 points, identify this Swiss-French architect of Notre Dame du Haut and the Villa Savoye.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 279 ], [ 280, 397 ], [ 398, 559 ], [ 560, 655 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Daniel {Webster}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man authored a document defending the American right to be interested in Hungarian affairs, the Hulsemann Letter, and was criticized by Ralph Waldo Emerson following his \"Seventh of March\" speech.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Daniel_Webster", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7c8", "qanta_id": 27253, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man authored a document defending the American right to be interested in Hungarian affairs, the Hulsemann Letter, and was criticized by Ralph Waldo Emerson following his \"Seventh of March\" speech. He attacked nullification in a speech ending \"Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable!\", his Second Reply to Hayne, and this politician helped negotiate a treaty disputing the Maine-New Brunswick border named for him and Ashburton. He represented Dartmouth in Dartmouth College v. Woodward and was Secretary of State under Millard Fillmore. For 10 points, name this Massachusetts Senator and Northern member of the \"Great Triumvirate\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 201 ], [ 202, 306 ], [ 306, 450 ], [ 451, 559 ], [ 560, 654 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Michelangelo Merisi da {Caravaggio} [accept Michelangelo Merisi]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man depicts several mourners placing the dead Christ on top of a flat rock, and portrays the Virgin Mary as an old woman in his work Entombment.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Caravaggio", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7ce", "qanta_id": 27259, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man depicts several mourners placing the dead Christ on top of a flat rock, and portrays the Virgin Mary as an old woman in his work Entombment. In addition to painting Boy with a Basket of Fruit, this painter made a painting of Saint Joseph with an ass, an angel and the Madonna and Child, Rest on the Flight Into Egypt. He also painted a portrait with three dumbfounded disciples reveling at the sight of Jesus post-resurrection, The Supper at Emmaus. His best-known work shows Jesus and a beam of light pointing at the title figure surrounded by his assistants. For 10 points, name this Italian painter and master of chiaroscuro who painted The Calling of St. Matthew.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 326 ], [ 327, 458 ], [ 459, 569 ], [ 570, 676 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Pablo {Neruda} [or {Neftal\u00ed Ricardo Reyes Basoalto}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his works, Extravagario, he reflects on his youth and political affiliations by presenting the reader with an analysis of his daily life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7d0", "qanta_id": 27261, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his works, Extravagario, he reflects on his youth and political affiliations by presenting the reader with an analysis of his daily life. Another work by this man entitled Residence on Earth includes the poem \"Hymn to Celery\". In another work, he attempted to chronicle the history of the Spanish-speaking nations of Central and South America and included sections entitled \"The Conquistadors\", \"The Fugitive\", and \"A Lamp on Earth\". That work also contains a work based on a visit to the titular city, \"The Heights of Macchu Picchu\". For 10 points, name this winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature, a Chilean poet who wrote Canto General and Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 236 ], [ 237, 443 ], [ 444, 544 ], [ 545, 699 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Mauryan} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One geological site from this empire contains the Barabar Caves.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurya_Empire", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7d4", "qanta_id": 27265, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One geological site from this empire contains the Barabar Caves. This empire entered into an alliance with Seleucus I after Seleucus failed to conquer it, and received the ambassador Megasthenes from him. The adviser Chanakya wrote a treatise on military strategy for one of its leaders, the Arthashastra. Its founder overthrew the Nanda dynasty in 322 BCE, two years before his son Bindusara was born. One ruler of this empire famous for his Rock Edicts abandoned the Vedas and converted to Buddhism after conquering Kalinga. For 10 points, name this Indian empire which was founded by Chandragupta and was led by Ashoka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 64 ], [ 65, 204 ], [ 205, 305 ], [ 306, 402 ], [ 403, 526 ], [ 527, 622 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Don {Giovanni} [do not accept \"{Don Juan}\"]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The central character in this work expresses his wish to arrange a party for a group of peasants after drinking champagne.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Giovanni", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7e7", "qanta_id": 27284, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The central character in this work expresses his wish to arrange a party for a group of peasants after drinking champagne. In an aria in this opera, Don Ottavio vows to avenge the death of his betrothed's father, Fuggi, crudele fuggi, and the title character escapes death at the hands of Zerlina and Masetto only by switching clothes with his servant. At the end of this opera, Donna Elvira expresses her pity for the central character, and after he refuses to repent for his sinful life, the statue of the Commendatore drags him to hell. For 10 points, name this opera containing the Catalog Aria about the titular Spanish libertine, written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 352 ], [ 353, 539 ], [ 540, 671 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Robert Browning} [prompt on {Browning}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Ezra Pound's second Canto begins by telling this man to \"hang it all\", as \"there can be but one 'Sordello!'\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Browning", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d7ea", "qanta_id": 27287, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Ezra Pound's second Canto begins by telling this man to \"hang it all\", as \"there can be but one 'Sordello!'\" He wrote \"Grow old along with me! The best is yet to be\" in a poem appearing in his collection Dramatis Personae, and in addition to \"Rabbi ben Ezra,\" he wrote a work in which the narrator used \"one long yellow string\" of his lover's hair to strangle her. This author of \"Porphyria's Lover\" more famously wrote a poem in which the narrator's \"nine-hundred-years old name\" was ranked \"with anybody's gift\" by a woman with \"a heart too soon made glad\" painted by Fra Pandolf. For 10 points, name this English poet of dramatic monologues including \"My Last Duchess.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 142 ], [ 143, 364 ], [ 365, 582 ], [ 583, 672 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{antibodies} [or {immunoglobins}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Unlike TCRs, which are formed in a closely related process, they undergo somatic hypermutation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antibody", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d80a", "qanta_id": 27319, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Unlike TCRs, which are formed in a closely related process, they undergo somatic hypermutation. Epitopes bind to these molecules' variable regions by induced fit, and recombinase forms their light chains by deleting sections of DNA to randomly join V, D, and J gene segments. These light chains are joined to heavy ones by disulfide bridges. Their M type can be produced in response to transfusions of a different blood type, while the E type is responsible for allergic reactions. They can cause autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. For 10 points, name these immune system proteins that are produced by B cells in response to antigens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 275 ], [ 276, 341 ], [ 342, 481 ], [ 482, 556 ], [ 557, 659 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{alkenes} [or {olefins}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The butterfly mechanism describes how peroxyacids react with these compounds to form epoxides, and they can be cleaved to form ketones in ozonolysis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkene", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d80f", "qanta_id": 27324, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The butterfly mechanism describes how peroxyacids react with these compounds to form epoxides, and they can be cleaved to form ketones in ozonolysis. The polymerization of polystyrene works because polystyrene is one of these compounds. Like their sp-hybridized counterparts, they add substituents to the more substituted carbon according to Markovnikov's rule. They cannot be rotated around their identifying bond because it is formed by the overlap of nonhybridized p orbitals. Examples of them include ethylene and butene. For 10 points, name this class of hydrocarbons with formula CnH2n (read spelled out), distinguished by having at least one carbon-carbon double bond.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 236 ], [ 237, 361 ], [ 362, 479 ], [ 480, 525 ], [ 526, 675 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Eero Saarinen", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One design by this architect consists of four pavilions linked by sky-bridges and resembles a mirror, Bell Labs Holmsdel Complex, and a reinforced concrete arch supports a timber roof in his building nicknamed \"the Whale,\" Ingalls Rink.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eero_Saarinen", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d819", "qanta_id": 27334, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One design by this architect consists of four pavilions linked by sky-bridges and resembles a mirror, Bell Labs Holmsdel Complex, and a reinforced concrete arch supports a timber roof in his building nicknamed \"the Whale,\" Ingalls Rink. In addition to building the Morse College and Ezra Stiles College at Yale, this architect built the Kresge Auditorium, a thin-shell concrete building, for MIT. One of his better-known designs has a stainless steel skin and frames the Old Courthouse in St. Louis. For 10 points, name this Finnish architect who built the Dulles main terminal, the TWA Terminal, and the Gateway Arch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 236 ], [ 237, 396 ], [ 397, 499 ], [ 500, 618 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Artemis}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story, this figure killed Chione because she compared her beauty to this deity's, and another myth states that she tricked the giants Otus and Ephialtes into killing each other.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Artemis", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d83b", "qanta_id": 27368, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story, this figure killed Chione because she compared her beauty to this deity's, and another myth states that she tricked the giants Otus and Ephialtes into killing each other. Other sources state that she killed Adonis to avenge the death of Hippolytus, and she was responsible for calming the winds before Agamemnon's departure for the Trojan War for killing a sacred stag. Along with her brother, she killed the children of Niobe, and Orion was supposedly the only man she loved. For 10 points, name this sister of Apollo who turned Actaeon into a stag after he saw her bathing, the Greek goddess of the hunt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 383 ], [ 384, 490 ], [ 491, 620 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Rene {Magritte}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A pale, severed hand clutching a bird on a table before a thunderstorm appears in this artist's The Difficult Crossing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Magritte", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d842", "qanta_id": 27375, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A pale, severed hand clutching a bird on a table before a thunderstorm appears in this artist's The Difficult Crossing. He painted an artist painting a hummingbird from an egg in Clairvoyance, and he depicted the titular figure leaving a naked woman on a red couch as he pauses by a gramophone in The Menaced Assassin. This painter also painted a giant apple occupying the titular space in The Listening Room. Bowler hats and pears are recurring themes in many of his works, and a black train emerges halfway from a fireplace in Time Transfixed. For 10 points, name this Belgian surrealist and painter of The Treachery of Images, which depicts the phrase \"Ceci n'est pas une pipe.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 318 ], [ 319, 409 ], [ 410, 545 ], [ 546, 681 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Immanuel {Kant}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher stated that marriage is the union of a couple into a single moral entity in Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and Sublime, and he argues for moral relativism and defends the Three Maxims in another of his works.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d855", "qanta_id": 27394, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher stated that marriage is the union of a couple into a single moral entity in Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and Sublime, and he argues for moral relativism and defends the Three Maxims in another of his works. He synthesized rationalist and empiricist theories by defining a priori knowledge, which this author of the Metaphysics of Morals extended to the idea of sensus communis in his Critique of Judgment. In another work this thinker defines an ontological and a \"watch-maker\" proof of God's existence, and attacks the title concept's circular logic. For 10 points, name this German creator of the categorical imperative and author of Critique of Pure Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 240 ], [ 241, 439 ], [ 440, 585 ], [ 586, 694 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Orpheus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one variant on a myth involving him, he traveled to the oracle Aornum in Thesprotia, and a story about his death tells that he was torn to death on Mount Pangaion by Thracian Maenads for spurning Dionysus, while in a separate myth his singing head floated down the Hebrus River.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Orpheus", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d873", "qanta_id": 27424, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one variant on a myth involving him, he traveled to the oracle Aornum in Thesprotia, and a story about his death tells that he was torn to death on Mount Pangaion by Thracian Maenads for spurning Dionysus, while in a separate myth his singing head floated down the Hebrus River. As an Argonaut he was useful in drowning out the Sirens' voices. After his wife was bitten by a nest of snakes and died, he journeyed to the underworld to regain her, softening Hades' and Persephones' hearts with his music, but lost her a second time by looking back. For 10 points, name this great lyre player, singer, and lover of Eurydice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 281 ], [ 282, 346 ], [ 347, 549 ], [ 550, 624 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Mies} van der Rohe", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An partly translucent onyx wall appears in this man's Willa Tugendhat, and this architect constructed a work using materials like marble and travertine for the International Exposition.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d876", "qanta_id": 27427, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An partly translucent onyx wall appears in this man's Willa Tugendhat, and this architect constructed a work using materials like marble and travertine for the International Exposition. In addition to the Barcelona Pavilion, he used floor-to-ceiling glass and painted white steel to frame two slabs in his Farnsworth House, and this architect worked on a structure across from the Lever House with a bronze curtain wall, a building containing the Four Seasons Restaurant. For 10 points, name this last director of the Bauhaus who stated that \"less is more\" and collaborated with Philip Johnson on the Seagram Building.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 471 ], [ 472, 618 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Rudyard {Kipling}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's poems is the origin of the aphorism, \"the female of the species is more dangerous than the male.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rudyard_Kipling", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d880", "qanta_id": 27437, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's poems is the origin of the aphorism, \"the female of the species is more dangerous than the male.\" This author wrote about a boy who serves with Mahbub Ali and Colonel Creighton in the British Secret Service in the novel Kim. Controversial for the imperialist sentiments he espoused in \"The White Man's Burden,\" this author also created the tiger Shere Khan, who hunts a feral child named Mowgli. For 10 points, name this British author of The Jungle Book", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 114, 115 ], [ 116, 242 ], [ 243, 413 ], [ 414, 472 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Thirty Years} ' War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The city of Magdeburg was besieged ten times during this conflict, and peace settlements began after the duc d'Enghien defeated the Spanish at the Battle of Rocroi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thirty_Years'_War", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d88c", "qanta_id": 27449, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The city of Magdeburg was besieged ten times during this conflict, and peace settlements began after the duc d'Enghien defeated the Spanish at the Battle of Rocroi. Albrecht von Wallenstein was a leader on one side of this conflict, while Protestant forces were led by Oxenstierna after the death of Gustavus Adolphus. Phases of this war included the Bohemian and the Swedish, and its immediate cause was the throwing out of a window of two Habsburg diplomats known as the Second Defenestration of Prague. It eventually included most European powers except Britain. For 10 points, name this war fought mostly in the Holy Roman Empire which ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 318 ], [ 319, 505 ], [ 506, 565 ], [ 566, 683 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Mollusca} [or {Mollusks}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Evidence suggests that one organism in this phylum introduced the parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni to the Chesapeake Bay.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mollusca", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d8a5", "qanta_id": 27474, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Evidence suggests that one organism in this phylum introduced the parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni to the Chesapeake Bay. That organism is Crassostrea gigas. The laterofrontal cirri of the ctenidia in this phylum filter and retain particles. Some organisms in this phylum use byssal threads to attach themselves to a substrate. Filter feeders in this phylum excrete pseudofeces and notably lack a toothed chitinous ribbon. Important features of this phylum include an extension of the body wall which is often responsible for secreting a calcium carbonate shell, the mantle, as well as the radula. For 10 points, name this phylum containing the classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia, examples of which are snails and mussels.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 156 ], [ 157, 240 ], [ 241, 326 ], [ 327, 421 ], [ 422, 596 ], [ 597, 718 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Saturday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "War of Spanish {Succession}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One phase of this war was a revolt by a group sometimes called \"Cadets of the Cross\" against the policy of Dragonnade, and was sparked by the assassination of Fran\u00e7ois Langlade before being quenched with the Pacification of the Camisards.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d99b", "qanta_id": 27720, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One phase of this war was a revolt by a group sometimes called \"Cadets of the Cross\" against the policy of Dragonnade, and was sparked by the assassination of Fran\u00e7ois Langlade before being quenched with the Pacification of the Camisards. Following this conflict, the Dutch were given the right to build a line of fortresses in the Barrier Treaties. The most successful naval commander in this war was George Rooke, who tried to raid a treasure fleet at Vigo Bay. The British won the right to supply 4800 slaves yearly to Spanish colonies and Rooke later won a strategic victory at Velez-Malaga before capturing Gibraltar from Philip V of Spain. One side was commanded by generals like Duc de Villars, who lost the battles of Bouchain and Malpaquet to the Duke of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy. This war was sparked when Louis XIV's grandson was named heir to Charles II. For 10 points, name this war ended by the Treaty of Utrecht fought over control of an Iberian throne.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 238 ], [ 239, 349 ], [ 350, 463 ], [ 464, 645 ], [ 646, 796 ], [ 797, 873 ], [ 874, 975 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Saturday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Ming} dynasty [accept {Ming Chao}; accept {Da Ming Guo}; accept {Da Ming D\u00ecguo}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This dynasty won at the Battle of Ningyuan with Yuan Chonghuan commanding 10,000 troops against a force of over 60,000.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ming_dynasty", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d9a6", "qanta_id": 27731, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This dynasty won at the Battle of Ningyuan with Yuan Chonghuan commanding 10,000 troops against a force of over 60,000. This dynasty heavily relied on silver imports, but still forbade much naval trade with haijin because Wokou harassed the coastline. Although the first emperor of this dynasty, who was a former peasant, banned eunuchs from public participation, by the time of the Wanli emperor, eunuchs regained prominence. One emperor of this dynasty came to power twice, once as Zhengtong and again as Tianshun because he was captured by the Mongols. Although originally based in Nanjing, this dynasty's tombs are located near Beijing, the capital of this dynasty. Suffering the Tumu Crisis and ruled by the Zhu family, this dynasty's first emperor came to power as a leader of the Red Turban Rebellion to defeat the previous Yuan dynasty. For 10 points, name this last native Chinese dynasty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 251 ], [ 252, 426 ], [ 427, 555 ], [ 556, 669 ], [ 670, 844 ], [ 845, 898 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Saturday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Athena}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "While disguised as Melas, this deity was struck on the thigh and wounded by Teuthis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athena", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d9e3", "qanta_id": 27792, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While disguised as Melas, this deity was struck on the thigh and wounded by Teuthis. She gave Asclepius the blood from both the left and right sides of Medusa. She avenged the underpaid Nicandra by causing Alcinoe to tall in love with another man. The birth of Erichthonius occurred after Hephaestus's failed attempt at raping her. In her youth, she built a (*) wooden statue after accidentally killed a friend. She defeated Poseidon in one contest when his salty fountain couldn't measure up to her olive trees. She is often referred to as \"gray-eyed\" by Homer, who describes her disguising herself as Mentor and aiding Odysseus. Her mother Metis was swallowed by Zeus, causing her to emerge fully grown from his head. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of wisdom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 159 ], [ 160, 247 ], [ 248, 331 ], [ 332, 411 ], [ 412, 512 ], [ 513, 630 ], [ 631, 719 ], [ 720, 769 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Thorstein Bunde {Veblen}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "While serving as a lecturer at the University of Missouri, this man wrote about how the human instinct towards hard work was being wasted, in The Instinct of Workmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thorstein_Veblen", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d9e7", "qanta_id": 27796, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While serving as a lecturer at the University of Missouri, this man wrote about how the human instinct towards hard work was being wasted, in The Instinct of Workmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts. One of his works posits that a certain autocratic state during World War I had a temporary technological advantage over democracies, while another work is subtitled \"A Memorandum on the Conduct of Universities by Business Men.\" In addition to \"Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution\" and (*) The Higher Learning in America, he also wrote about the titular group of intellectuals assuming management positions in The Engineers and the Price System. This author of The Theory of Business Enterprise made use of the term \"pecuniary emulation\" in his most famous work, which also introduced a term that describes why some individuals spend money just for displaying their wealth. \"Conspicuous consumption\" was coined by, for 10 points, what sociologist, the author of The Theory of the Leisure Class?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 208, 434 ], [ 434, 435 ], [ 436, 507 ], [ 508, 663 ], [ 664, 891 ], [ 892, 893 ], [ 893, 1012 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Eug\u00e8ne {Delacroix}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted rifles, a rabbit, and a bird in Still Life with Lobsters, and in another painting a woman kneels on a slanted stone slab with her arms half-raised.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d9f1", "qanta_id": 27806, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist depicted rifles, a rabbit, and a bird in Still Life with Lobsters, and in another painting a woman kneels on a slanted stone slab with her arms half-raised. This painter of Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi also painted a scene from the Inferno in Barque of Dante. The title king watches as his concubines are murdered in his Death of Sardanapalus. Another work of his shows a young boy with two pistols next to a bare-breasted woman waving a tricolor flag. For 10 points, name this French painter of Massacre at Chios and Liberty Leading the People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 286 ], [ 287, 370 ], [ 371, 479 ], [ 480, 572 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{IR Spectroscopy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Especially good solvents for this procedure include carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride, though both are highly toxic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Infrared_spectroscopy", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550d9ff", "qanta_id": 27820, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Especially good solvents for this procedure include carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride, though both are highly toxic. For testing coatings and powders, this technique can be used with attenuated total reflectance. Liquids are placed between two salt plates as preparation for this technique, while solid compounds are ground in combination with (*) potassium bromide and pressed into a thin disc. This technique relies on stimulating the vibrational modes of molecules. The output from this technique is a plot of transmittance versus wavenumber in inverse centimeters and includes a \"fingerprint\" for each molecule. For 10 points, name this common lab technique for identifying functional groups in molecules using radiation wavelengths just longer than visible light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 220 ], [ 221, 403 ], [ 404, 476 ], [ 477, 623 ], [ 624, 776 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Theseus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This figure was told by the Delphic oracle that a bladder could be submerged, but it would not drown.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theseus", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da0d", "qanta_id": 27834, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure was told by the Delphic oracle that a bladder could be submerged, but it would not drown. He survived an attempted poisoning when his father recognized his sword, after that father of this man had married Medea and sent him to kill the Marathonian Bull. He was made to sit on the Chair of Oblivion during an attempt to abduct (*) Persephone, which was undertaken after his successful abduction of a young Helen with his Lapith friend Pirithous. He refused to wash Sciron's feet, instead feeding him to a giant turtle, and raped Perigune after killing her tree-bending father Sinis. His father Augeus died when he forgot to replace black sails with white ones after Ariadne helped him kill the Minotaur. For 10 points, name this king of Athens and Greek hero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 265 ], [ 266, 456 ], [ 457, 593 ], [ 594, 714 ], [ 715, 770 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William {Golding}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's novellas features a jester called The Liar and an Egyptian ruler named Great House.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Golding", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da2c", "qanta_id": 27865, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's novellas features a jester called The Liar and an Egyptian ruler named Great House. Another of his novels focuses on the priestess Arieka, who becomes the Oracle at Delphi; that work was left unfinished at his death. In addition to The Scorpion God and The Double Tongue, he also wrote about Matty, a survivor of the London bombings, and the dean Jocelin, who attempts to build the titular structure on a cathedral. This author of Darkness Visible (*) and The Spire included themes of survival and the search for order in many of his works, such as The Inheritors and a novel in which Jack steals Piggy's glasses and Ralph take care of the conch shell. For 10 points, name this British author who wrote Lord of the Flies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 237 ], [ 238, 436 ], [ 437, 468 ], [ 469, 673 ], [ 674, 742 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Egypt}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A military defeat for this country inspired a play also based on the Oedipus myth, You Killed the Monster; that same author from this country also wrote the short story collections City of Love and Ashes and The Cheapest Nights and Other Stories. \u00a0", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da3a", "qanta_id": 27879, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A military defeat for this country inspired a play also based on the Oedipus myth, You Killed the Monster; that same author from this country also wrote the short story collections City of Love and Ashes and The Cheapest Nights and Other Stories. \u00a0One novel set in this country sees the protagonist cheat on his wife Kamelia with the dancer Warda and the singer Margarete. \u00a0Besides The Beggar, a work sometimes considered this country's first novel sees the title peasant girl die of TB after her lover is conscripted; that novel is titled Zaynab. \u00a0A Nobel laureate from this country described a man who had children with names like Jesus, Moses and Muhammad in (*) Children of Gebelawi. \u00a0That same author from this country was a co-patriot of Yusuf Idris and penned works like Sugar Street and Palace Walk. \u00a0For 10 points, name this home to Naguib Mahfouz, author of the Cairo Trilogy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 248 ], [ 248, 374 ], [ 374, 549 ], [ 549, 689 ], [ 689, 809 ], [ 809, 886 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Faust} [do not accept \u201c{Dr. Faustus}\u201d]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This character rewrites the first line of the Gospel of St. John to \"In the beginning was the Deed\" after discovering a black poodle. \u00a0", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Faust", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da3f", "qanta_id": 27884, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This character rewrites the first line of the Gospel of St. John to \"In the beginning was the Deed\" after discovering a black poodle. \u00a0In one scene, this person vows to never \"stretch myself on a bed of ease\" and later obtains a \"new and vital power\" by wandering in the wilderness. \u00a0He is the title character of a play where the death of a rat is compared to that of a person dying of love by the character Brander. \u00a0A choir of angels prevent this person from downing some poison on Eastern morning, and his lover's brother, (*) Valentine, dies due to his actions. \u00a0One play titled for this character ends with the word \"Redeemed\" echoing from high, following his prayers for his lover, Gretchen. \u00a0For 10 points, name this man who makes a deal with Mephistopheles in a two-part Goethe play.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 135, 284 ], [ 284, 418 ], [ 418, 567 ], [ 567, 699 ], [ 699, 791 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "temperature", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "When curves with this quantity held constant are plotted for a van der Waals fluid, curves with this quantity below its critical value contain both a local maximum and minimum, related to a vapor-liquid transition.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Temperature", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da63", "qanta_id": 27920, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When curves with this quantity held constant are plotted for a van der Waals fluid, curves with this quantity below its critical value contain both a local maximum and minimum, related to a vapor-liquid transition. The excess Gibbs energy is divided by this variable when it is related to the natural log of the activity coefficient. This variable is found in the denominator of the compressibility factor, which forms one side of the virial equation of state. The rate of (*) heat transfer is proportional to the gradient in this quantity according to Fourier's Law. For 10 points, name this variable whose increase exponentially raises the reaction rate as shown by the Arrhenius equation and which is related to pressure and volume by the ideal gas law.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 214 ], [ 215, 333 ], [ 334, 460 ], [ 461, 567 ], [ 568, 756 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man encouraged collective farms to expel their useless members while serving as Party Chief in Ukraine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikita_Khrushchev", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da64", "qanta_id": 27921, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man encouraged collective farms to expel their useless members while serving as Party Chief in Ukraine. This man was mentored by Lazar Kaganovich, who with this man supervised construction of the Moscow Metro, and led to this man becoming Party Leader for Moscow. Later, Kaganovich along with Malenkov and Molotov opposed this man as part of the Anti-Party group. More famously, this man debated in a kitchen with (*) Richard Nixon and demanded a peace treaty between the Germanies, but failed in that endeavor, leading to the construction of the Berlin Wall. This man is best known for dealing with Kennedy in the Cuban Missile Crisis and for being succeeded by Brezhnev. For 10 points, name this man who in the \"Secret Speech\" condemned his predecessor Stalin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 268 ], [ 269, 368 ], [ 369, 564 ], [ 565, 677 ], [ 678, 767 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{echinodermata}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One class in this phylum expels their sticky cuvierian tubules through evisceration to confuse predators.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Echinoderm", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da66", "qanta_id": 27923, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One class in this phylum expels their sticky cuvierian tubules through evisceration to confuse predators. Many classes in this phylum have a calcerous duct called a stone canal, which extends from an external porous calcareous plate which takes in water from outside the body. That plate is called the madreporite, which is where sea water enters the (*) water vascular system of this phylum. An important feature of this phylum is its many small tubular projections that allow locomotion and feeding, called tube feet. This phylum begins as a bilaterally symmetric free-swimming larvae, and differs from other triptoblastic animals by undergoing metamorphosis and becoming radial symmetric. Behind Chordata, this phylum is the largest group of deteurostomes, and contains the classes Asteroidea and Holothuroidea. For 10 points, name this phylum, which contains animals such as sea cucumbers and sea stars, and whose name is Greek for \"spiny skin\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 276 ], [ 277, 392 ], [ 393, 519 ], [ 520, 691 ], [ 692, 814 ], [ 815, 949 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Bernoulli's principle} [or {Bernoulli's} equation or {Bernoulli's} law]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One application of this equation is used in speedometers of planes, called pitot-static [pih-toh] tubes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bernoulli's_principle", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da69", "qanta_id": 27926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One application of this equation is used in speedometers of planes, called pitot-static [pih-toh] tubes. One law that can be derived from this equation states that the velocity is equal to the square root of twice the product of gravity and height, called Torricelli's law. It can be used to derive why the pressure drops in a constricted section of a pipe, called the (*) Venturi effect. This equation and Newton's laws of motion can be used to explain aerodynamic forces like lift on an airplane. A consequence of this equation is that when the velocity of a liquid is faster, the pressure is lower. For 10 points, name this equation named for a Dutch-Swiss mathematician.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 273 ], [ 274, 388 ], [ 389, 498 ], [ 499, 601 ], [ 602, 674 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Three Musketeers} [or {Les Trois Mousquetaires}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel pisses off an innkeeper by trying to consume all his food and wine after barricading himself in a cellar with Grimaud, whom he had earlier taught hand signals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Three_Musketeers", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da6d", "qanta_id": 27930, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel pisses off an innkeeper by trying to consume all his food and wine after barricading himself in a cellar with Grimaud, whom he had earlier taught hand signals. One character in this novel is haunted by an event in his past in which he discovered his wife was a common criminal and tried to hang her. The protagonist of this work is served by Planchet, who helps him recover a (*) diamond brooch that the Queen had given to the Duke of Buckingham. The protagonist of this novel inadvertently schedules three duels for the same day while chasing his nemesis the \"Man from Meung,\" who turns out to be the Comte de Rochefort, an ally of Milady de Winter and Richelieu. For 10 points, name this novel in which d'Artagnan joins a group with Athos, Porthos, and Aramis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 327 ], [ 328, 474 ], [ 475, 692 ], [ 693, 790 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Dionysus} [or {Bacchus}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "According to one story, this figure is disguised as a girl and raised by Athamas of Orchomenus, who kills his own son Learchus when struck with madness by Hera.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dionysus", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da82", "qanta_id": 27951, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to one story, this figure is disguised as a girl and raised by Athamas of Orchomenus, who kills his own son Learchus when struck with madness by Hera. That tale also describes how a pomegranate tree springs up from his blood when he is torn apart and boiled by Titans. In another story, this deity takes refuge with Thetis and sets a drought on the land of the Edones before making king Lycurgus slice up his own son thinking he is cutting ivy. His mother dies when Zeus is unable to break a pledge to show himself in his full splendor, but he is (*) transplanted into his father's thigh. This son of Zeus and Semele has a group of followers responsible for killing and tearing apart Orpheus, the maenads. For 10 points, name this Greek god of wine and revelry.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 278 ], [ 279, 454 ], [ 455, 598 ], [ 599, 715 ], [ 716, 771 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{ammonia}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Tests for this compound and its salts include Nessler's solution and burning sulfur sticks.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ammonia", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da87", "qanta_id": 27956, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Tests for this compound and its salts include Nessler's solution and burning sulfur sticks. This chemical was first used to solvate electrons of alkali metals, producing brightly colored solutions. When Tollens' reagent is prepared for laboratory use, a solution containing this chemical is used to dissolve a precipitate of silver-1 oxide. It is combined with (*) oxygen to produce nitric acid in the Ostwald process, and in humans, this chemical is converted into urea for excretion. One method of producing this chemical uses methane to synthesize hydrogen gas which is then reacted with nitrogen over an iron catalyst, and is called the Haber-Bosch process. For 10 points, name this chemical with formula NH3.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 199 ], [ 199, 341 ], [ 342, 486 ], [ 487, 662 ], [ 663, 714 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Margaret Hilda {Thatcher} [accept {Baroness Thatcher}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This politician said that the Soviets \"put guns before butter, while we put just about everything before guns\" in the \"Britain Awake\" speech, which was given after rising to power during the Winter of Discontent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Thatcher", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da93", "qanta_id": 27968, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This politician said that the Soviets \"put guns before butter, while we put just about everything before guns\" in the \"Britain Awake\" speech, which was given after rising to power during the Winter of Discontent. The term \"dries\" refers to supporters of the economic policies of this leader, who fell after attempting to institute a \"Community Charge\" tax to fund local government. The IRA attempted to assassinate this prime minister in the Brighton hotel bombings. During this PM's term, (*) Augusto Pinochet's early radar warnings helped British forces defeat General Galtieri's invasion of an island group near Tierra del Fuego. For 10 points, name this Prime Minister who fought the Falklands War and was nicknamed the \"Iron Lady\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 213, 381 ], [ 382, 466 ], [ 467, 632 ], [ 633, 735 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "ribosomes", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Some aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as kanamycin, inhibit the activity of these structures.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ribosome", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550da9b", "qanta_id": 27976, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as kanamycin, inhibit the activity of these structures. The binding of certain molecules to their A-sites is facilitated by elongation factors; those molecules are later shifted to the E-site for removal. In bacteria, they recognize and bind to purine-only segments upstream of f-met called (*) Shine-Dalgarno sequences. The prokaryotic versions of these structures are composed of two subunits, 30S and 50S. They may be free-floating in the cytosol or membrane-bound within the endoplasmic reticulum, and they name the type of RNA most abundant in the cell. For 10 points, identify these tiny structures synthesized in the nucleolus, which produce polypeptide chains in translation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 242 ], [ 243, 358 ], [ 359, 446 ], [ 447, 596 ], [ 597, 721 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{linear momentum} [prompt on {p}; do not accept \"{angular momentum}\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Noether's theorem implies that because of space translation symmetry, this quantity is conserved.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Momentum", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550daa7", "qanta_id": 27988, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Noether's theorem implies that because of space translation symmetry, this quantity is conserved. In relativity, a massless particle's energy is equal to this multiplied by the speed of light. This quantity can also be found by dividing Planck's constant by the de Broglie wavelength. At non-relativistic speeds, this quantity squared divided by two times the mass gives the kinetic energy. The change in this quantity is called the (*) impulse. Newton's second law states that force is proportional to the time derivative of this quantity. For 10 points, name this quantity that can be found as the product of mass and velocity and is often denoted p.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 192 ], [ 193, 284 ], [ 285, 390 ], [ 391, 445 ], [ 446, 540 ], [ 541, 652 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{viscosity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One method to measure this property uses spring plates which are vibrated at uniform amplitude and frequency.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550daae", "qanta_id": 27995, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One method to measure this property uses spring plates which are vibrated at uniform amplitude and frequency. The energy input is then measured. The classical method to measure this quantity uses a capillary tube, and is named after (*) Stokes. This quantity is almost independent of pressure and density in gases, but increases with temperature; in liquids, however, it decreases as temperature increases. This quantity can be calculated using Newton's equation describing fluid motion, and its kinematic version is equal to the dynamic version divided by the density. It is given by the ratio of shear stress to the velocity gradient. For 10 points, name this property of a fluid measured in units of poise, the resistance of a fluid to flow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 144 ], [ 145, 244 ], [ 245, 406 ], [ 407, 569 ], [ 570, 638 ], [ 638, 745 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Emily Dickinson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet recalled using a \"Bobolink for a Chorister\" and \"an Orchard for a Dome\" in a poem about keeping the Sabbath by staying at home.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Emily_Dickinson", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dad3", "qanta_id": 28032, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet recalled using a \"Bobolink for a Chorister\" and \"an Orchard for a Dome\" in a poem about keeping the Sabbath by staying at home. The narrator of another of this poet's works claims that \"every time I speak for Him / The Mountains straight reply.\" One of her poems claims she suffers from \"a tighter breathing\" and \"zero at the bone\" whenever she encounters a snake. Another of her poems includes a pause \"before a house that seemed a swelling of the ground,\" and \"the school, where children strove at recess in the ring.\" This author of (*) \"A Narrow Fellow in the Grass\" wrote about a carriage that holds \"immortality.\" For 10 points, name this American author of \"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,\" a reclusive poet known as the \"Belle of Amherst.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 254 ], [ 254, 374 ], [ 375, 530 ], [ 531, 629 ], [ 630, 761 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "string {quartet}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Three of Mendelssohn's six examples of this form were published together in his Opus 44, and his sixth was written soon after the death of his sister Fanny.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "String_quartet", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dad4", "qanta_id": 28033, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Three of Mendelssohn's six examples of this form were published together in his Opus 44, and his sixth was written soon after the death of his sister Fanny. Smetana's first includes sections about his youth, his wife, and finally the ringing in his ears signalling his eventual deafness, and is called (*) \"From My Life.\" Beethoven's included ones named Serioso and Harp, and a piece originally meant to be the final movement of his 13th was published separately as his Grosse Fuge. Franz Schubert wrote 15 numbered ones, including his 13th, Rosamunde, and 14th, Death and the Maiden. Samuel Barber adapted the second movement of his 11th into the Adagio for Strings. For 10 points, name this common musical form, most often written for two violins, a viola, and a cello.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 307 ], [ 307, 321 ], [ 322, 482 ], [ 483, 584 ], [ 585, 667 ], [ 668, 771 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "sulfur", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Two atoms of this element are key to the function of an enzyme which converts mercuric ions to mercury using NADPH, mercuric reductase.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfur", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550db07", "qanta_id": 28084, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two atoms of this element are key to the function of an enzyme which converts mercuric ions to mercury using NADPH, mercuric reductase. Four iron atoms and four of this element form a cluster central to the mechanism of aconitase, and a lab demonstration in which a boat floats on a clear, dense gas often uses this element's hexafluoride. The radioactive form of this element was used to label the capsid of viruses in the(*) Hershey-Chase experiment. This element is the central atom of a common polar aprotic solvent, and it is used to crosslink rubber in vulcanization. The most common allotrope of this element consists of an 8-membered ring with no side chains. For 10 points, name this element whose diprotic acid is formed in the contact process.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 339 ], [ 340, 452 ], [ 453, 573 ], [ 574, 667 ], [ 668, 754 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open (Sunday)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Diego {Velazquez}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A self portrait of this artist wearing a cross on his black tunic and holding a palette can be seen in one of his paintings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diego_Vel\u00e1zquez", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550db17", "qanta_id": 28100, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A self portrait of this artist wearing a cross on his black tunic and holding a palette can be seen in one of his paintings. He included a cupid holding a mirror in his Rokeby Venus and painted the results of the siege of a Dutch town in The Surrender of Breda. This artist painted a girl stepping on a dog and a dwarf in a dress as the title attendants of the Infanta Margarita as court painter for Philip IV of Spain. For 20 points, name this Spanish painter of Las Meninas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 261 ], [ 262, 419 ], [ 420, 476 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Diego Rodr\u00edguez de Silva y {Vel\u00e1zquez}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted his Moorish servant, Juan de Pareja, in preparation for a painting of a man in red sitting on a golden throne.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diego_Vel\u00e1zquez", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550db1a", "qanta_id": 28103, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted his Moorish servant, Juan de Pareja, in preparation for a painting of a man in red sitting on a golden throne. Another of his works shows an array of lances in the top right-hand corner and Ambrosio de Spinola receiving a key from Justin Nassau. This painter of The Surrender of Breda and Portrait of Innocent X also depicted himself painting in the background of another work, in which dwarves and servants play with the Infanta Margarita. For 10 points, name this Spanish artist of Las Meninas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 265 ], [ 266, 460 ], [ 461, 516 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Districts", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Diego Vel\u00e1zquez", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one painting by this artist, two women prepare a meal of fish while, through a window, Jesus talks to two sisters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diego_Vel\u00e1zquez", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550db23", "qanta_id": 28112, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one painting by this artist, two women prepare a meal of fish while, through a window, Jesus talks to two sisters. Besides Christ in the House of Martha and Mary, he painted a god dressed in orange with a wreath on his head giving bad news to a shirtless god working with metal. In a historical work by this artist, Justinus of Nassau hands a (*) key to a man with a lot of upright spears behind him. This artist of The Forge of Vulcan and The Surrender of Breda painted Cupid holding a mirror for a reclining nude in his Rokeby Venus. He is seen wearing a black outfit with a red cross on it behind an easel in another work, which features a midget and a dog in the foreground next to a princess. For 10 points, name this Spanish Baroque artist of Las Meninas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 281 ], [ 282, 403 ], [ 404, 538 ], [ 539, 700 ], [ 701, 764 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Hadrian} [or {Adrian}; or {Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus}; or {Publius Aelius Hadrianus}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man created a confederation of Greek states called the Panhellenion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hadrian", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550db3d", "qanta_id": 28138, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man created a confederation of Greek states called the Panhellenion. A cult dedicated to his young companion Antinous (AN-tin-ooce) arose after the youth's death. This emperor saw to the completion of a massive temple of Zeus begun centuries earlier, the (*) Pantheon, after which he assumed the title Olympius. He put down the Bar Kokhba (bar COKE-buh) revolt in Judea after succeeding Trajan as emperor. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor who built a namesake wall in Northern Britain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 167 ], [ 168, 255 ], [ 256, 316 ], [ 317, 410 ], [ 411, 496 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sinclair {Lewis}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his early work's has been compared to Jack Kerouac's On the Road as the protagonist,\u00a0Claire Boltwood, travels across the country and falls in love with Milt Dagget while in another work, the protagonist marries Edward Schwirtz over Walter Babson.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sinclair_Lewis", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550db5a", "qanta_id": 28167, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his early work's has been compared to Jack Kerouac's On the Road as the protagonist,\u00a0Claire Boltwood, travels across the country and falls in love with Milt Dagget while in another work, the protagonist marries Edward Schwirtz over Walter Babson. In addition to Free Air and The Job, he wrote a novel where the protagonist reads books belonging to Doc Vickerson and works in the lab of Max Gottlieb where he discovers a bacteriophage that is effective against the plague. Another work deals with a drunk college student who becomes a Methodist minister and marries Sharon Falconer. In addition to writing Arrowsmith, he wrote about Claire Milford and Will Kennicott in the town of Gopher Prairie as well as a real estate salesman who lives in the town of Zenith. FTP, name this American author who wrote Elmer Gantry and Babbit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 253 ], [ 254, 478 ], [ 479, 588 ], [ 589, 769 ], [ 770, 835 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Titian} (accept {Tiziano Vecellio})", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Later in his career, he completed darker religious works such as Christ Carrying the Cross and The Scourging of Christ.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Titian", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550db80", "qanta_id": 28205, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Later in his career, he completed darker religious works such as Christ Carrying the Cross and The Scourging of Christ. Other works by this artist\u00a0include an armored man on a black horse with a dark background in Emperor Charles V at Muhlberg. He painted\u00a0a three-layer work featuring the Apostles on the bottom, the Virgin Mary in the middle and God at the top in Assumption of the Virgin and his mythological works include Bacchus and Ariadne, Danae, and the Rape of Europa. One of his works can be seen in a painting of paintings, the Tribuna of the Uffizi, which inspired Manet's Olympia, and features two servants in the background and a nude woman lying on a white sheet. FTP, name this Italian Renaissance artist, who painted Venus of Urbino.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 243 ], [ 244, 475 ], [ 476, 676 ], [ 677, 748 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Doppler} effect (prompt on {red shift} before it is mentioned)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Ives-Stillwell experiment saw the first detection of its transverse type.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550db96", "qanta_id": 28227, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Ives-Stillwell experiment saw the first detection of its transverse type.\u00a0In atomic physics it can describe the broadening of spectral lines and it can be used with spectral lines to estimate the temperature of distant stars. It was first discussed in the treatise \"On the coloured light of the binary stars and some other stars of the heavens\" and was tested in one form by Buys Ballot. Red shift can be\u00a0described using the relativistic form of this effect, which is typically employed to determine the speed of a submarine using sonar techniques. FTP, identify this effect that describes the change in frequency of a wave as it moves relative to an observer, typically observed in sound.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 229 ], [ 230, 391 ], [ 392, 552 ], [ 553, 693 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Neils {Bohr}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He created the correspondence principle, which states that quantum theory approximates classical mechanics with large quantum numbers. \u00a0", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Niels_Bohr", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dbb6", "qanta_id": 28259, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He created the correspondence principle, which states that quantum theory approximates classical mechanics with large quantum numbers. \u00a0He also helped formulate complementarily, which states both particle and wave properties can be\u00a0possessed, but only one can be observed at a time. His namesake distance is approximately .53 angstroms, and it measures the most likely distance from the nucleus of a Hydrogen atom to its electron.\u00a0 Part of the Manhattan project, he was a student of Rutherford and theorized that the atom was made up of a nucleus with positive charge circled by electrons. \u00a0FTP, name this Danish physicist that names a magneton and a radius and believed atomic secrets should be shared with the world at large.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 136, 282 ], [ 283, 432 ], [ 432, 591 ], [ 591, 727 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Theodore {Roosevelt} (accept {Teddy} for {Theodore,} prompt on {Roosevelt})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He created a namesake reservation on the Mexican border to prevent smuggling and he helped regulate the railroad industry by supporting the Elkins and Hepburn Acts, both of which strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theodore_Roosevelt", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dbb9", "qanta_id": 28262, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He created a namesake reservation on the Mexican border to prevent smuggling and he helped regulate the railroad industry by supporting the Elkins and Hepburn Acts, both of which strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission. He discharged all the soldiers involved in the Brownsville raid and appointed Oscar Straus as the first Jewish Cabinet member. He intervened to stop the anthracite coal strike that\u00a0threatened to leave cities without coal for the winter. His namesake corollary to the Monroe Doctrine established U.S. policing of Latin America and he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth. FTP,\u00a0identify this man who ran for president as a member of the Bull Moose party, the U.S. president that succeeded William McKinley.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 227 ], [ 228, 354 ], [ 355, 464 ], [ 465, 648 ], [ 649, 782 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Moliere} (accept {Jean}-{Baptiste Poquelin})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote an early work in which Gorgibus is informed by Sganarelle that he is \"no common doctor\" in The Flying Doctor", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moli\u00e8re", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dbd3", "qanta_id": 28288, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote an early work in which Gorgibus is informed by Sganarelle that he is \"no common doctor\" in The Flying Doctor and he also wrote The Amorous Quarrel. Lesser known works by this author include one where the title character enjoys mock marriages and another where\u00a0Agnes falls in love with Horace. In another work by this author, the gambler Cleante is in love with Marianne, the same woman who is the love interest of the titular character, Harpagon. In addition to the The School for Wives, one of this playwright's works sees Orgon deceived by the titular religious hypocrite. FTP, name this author of Misanthrope, The Miser, and Tartuffe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 165 ], [ 166, 310 ], [ 311, 464 ], [ 465, 592 ], [ 593, 655 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sir Walter {Scott}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A short story by this author sees Sir Phillip Forester view himself through the titular object in Aunt Margaret's Mirror, a work that appears in his collection The Keepsake Stories.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walter_Scott", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dbd9", "qanta_id": 28294, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A short story by this author sees Sir Phillip Forester view himself through the titular object in Aunt Margaret's Mirror, a work that appears in his collection The Keepsake Stories. One work by this author sees Dirk Hatteraick kidnap Harry Bertram while a poem by this man focuses on a stag hunt in its opening canto. In another work by this author, Diana Vernon is the love interest of Frank Osbaldistone, who meets the titular chief of the MacGregor clan while in the Scottish Highlands, set during a Jacobite Revolt. In addition to writing Guy Mannering, Lady of the Lake and Rob Roy, this author wrote a work which features a tournament held by Ashby-de-la-Zouche and sees the titular son of the Saxon Cedric fall in love with Lady Rowena. FTP, identify this author of Ivanhoe.\u00a0", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 317 ], [ 318, 519 ], [ 520, 743 ], [ 744, 781 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Paul {Cezanne}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His early dark period contained a work depicting two men, one holding a knife, over a dead body, in his The Murder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paul_C\u00e9zanne", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dbf3", "qanta_id": 28320, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His early dark period contained a work depicting two men, one holding a knife, over a dead body, in his The Murder. A later work by this artist\u00a0is characterized by thick layers of paint due to reworking and depicts a path through a small town in House of the Hanged Man, one of few works he signed. Several paintings by this artist\u00a0show groups of men gambling in The Card Players and he depicted nude women in his portraits of bathers. His Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier remains the most expensive still-life ever sold, and he depicted a certain geographical feature, with several paintings showing it from Les Lauves. FTP, name this French post-impressionist known for his paintings of Mont Sainte-Victoire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 298 ], [ 299, 435 ], [ 436, 616 ], [ 617, 706 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Diffraction} (Prompt on {Crystallography} after {X ray})", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Fraunhofer type requires the use of a Fresnel-Kirchoff integral.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffraction", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dbf7", "qanta_id": 28324, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Fraunhofer type requires the use of a Fresnel-Kirchoff integral.\u00a0A grating of this type is used to split light into its various\u00a0wavelengths, and consists of closely placed parallel slits. Patterns of it can be used to determine spacing between layers of atoms through an application of Bragg's law.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Using the de Broglie wavelength, occurrence of this for neutrons and electrons was one of the main arguments for quantum mechanics. The X-ray type of this was used to determine the shape of macromolecules like the alpha helix of proteins discovered by Linus Pauling and the double helix shape of DNA.\u00a0\u00a0FTP, name this wave phenomenon exhibited by light as it curves around a thin opening, the subject of Young's double slit experiment.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 191 ], [ 192, 305 ], [ 305, 436 ], [ 437, 607 ], [ 607, 739 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sergei {Prokofiev}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An early work by this man was originally written for a work titled Ala and Lolly while he wrote Song about the Beaver and It were better for you, Judas to accompany another work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dc09", "qanta_id": 28342, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An early work by this man was originally written for a work titled Ala and Lolly while he wrote Song about the Beaver and It were better for you, Judas to accompany another work. In addition to the Scythian Suite, this man's Opus 60 contains a troika movement written for a work based on the court of Emperor Paul. Another work by this man sees Truffaldino hired to make the Prince laugh and also sees Fata Morgana fall in love with the title fruits. In addition to Lieutenant Kije and The Love for Three Oranges, the most famous work by this man ends with one of the title characters taking another of the title character to the zoo\u00a0and sees the grandfather represented by the bassoon. FTP, identify this composer of Peter and the Wolf\u00a0", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 314 ], [ 315, 450 ], [ 451, 686 ], [ 687, 736 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Arthur {Miller}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He wrote an early work about a man named David Beeves who discovers he has great fortune and can fix any problem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arthur_Miller", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dc26", "qanta_id": 28371, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote an early work about a man named David Beeves who discovers he has great fortune and can fix any problem. That work, The Man who Had All the Luck, was criticized for its repetitious plot and was a complete failure. One work takes place inside\u00a0the mind of a man married to a woman named Maggie. That man, Quentin, is meant to be a reflection of the author's failed marriage and\u00a0appears in After the Fall.\u00a0Another of his plays takes place in the backyard of the Kellers' and was\u00a0inspired by a true story about a man who sold defective airplane parts during World War Two. In addition to writing All My Sons, one of his works concerns Biff, Happy and Willy Loman while another focuses on the Salem Witch Trials. FTP, identify this American author who wrote\u00a0The\u00a0Death of a Salesman and The Crucible. \u00a0", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 222 ], [ 223, 301 ], [ 302, 411 ], [ 412, 577 ], [ 578, 716 ], [ 717, 805 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{War}({s}) of the {Roses}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This conflict included the defeat and beheading of Henry Beaufort by John Neville at the Battle of Hexham.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wars_of_the_Roses", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dc42", "qanta_id": 28399, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This conflict included the defeat and beheading of Henry Beaufort by John Neville at the Battle of Hexham. Some historians claim it ended when supporters of the pretender Lambert Simnel were defeated at the Battle of Stoke Field, while others claim it ended when Thomas Stanley crowned his stepson at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Stanley's stepson became Henry VII, replacing Richard III, who had died in battle. This conflict spanned about thirty years in the fifteenth century and was between the Houses of Lancaster and York. Name this conflict that ended with the creation of the House of Tudor, named because of the red and white insignias used by the opposing sides.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 330 ], [ 331, 413 ], [ 414, 529 ], [ 530, 673 ] ], "tournament": "NTSS", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Philip Morris {Glass}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of this man's compositions contains a sole character named \"M\" who hears aliens tell him \"It is pointless to remember.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philip_Glass", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dceb", "qanta_id": 28568, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's compositions contains a sole character named \"M\" who hears aliens tell him \"It is pointless to remember.\" One of his operas includes a crowd of men wearing top hats and gas masks passing around cannonballs until they suffocate, and also contains a scene in which a crowd is obliterated after a rocket blasts off from the Statue of Liberty's head.\u00a0 In addition to that work that juxtaposes an (*) ice-age landing of aliens with Christopher Columbus's trip, he set poems like \"Aunt Rose\" and \"Father Death Blues\" as songs in another opera. This man composed an opera that begins by depicting the \"Kuru field of justice,\" and another of his operas alternates between Year 17 and present-day, in addition to works like\u00a01000 Airplanes on the Roof\u00a0and\u00a0The Voyage.\u00a0 For 10 points, name this composer who used the poetry of the autistic Christopher Knowles as the basis for the \"knee plays\" that make up one of his operas, the composer of\u00a0Hydrogen Jukebox,\u00a0Satyagraha,\u00a0Akhnaten, and\u00a0Einstein on the Beach.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 122, 366 ], [ 366, 555 ], [ 556, 777 ], [ 777, 1015 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Oliver Cromwell", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A Will Douglas poem claims he \"is dead, and risen, and dead again/", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oliver_Cromwell", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dd90", "qanta_id": 28733, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A Will Douglas poem claims he \"is dead, and risen, and dead again/ And risen the third time after he is slain,\" while another poem addressed to his man ends \"Help us to save free conscience from the paw/ Of hireling wolves, whose Gospel is their maw.\" Brian Kennelly analyzed the \"curse\" of this man in Irish poetry, a topic dealt with by Yeats in a poem discussing his \"murderous crew.\" Victor (*) Hugo attempted to overcome \"tottering classicism\" and \"false romanticism\" in the Preface to his 1827 drama about this man, while one of Andrew Marvell's poems about him compares him to Time, noting that he \"alone with greater vigor runs.\" Thomas Gray alluded to those poems when he paired a version of this man \"guiltless of his country's blood\" with a \"mute inglorious Milton\"; that Horatian ode claimed he could not \"cease/ The inglorious arts of peace\" upon his return from Ireland. For 10 points, name this Lord Protector.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 251 ], [ 252, 386 ], [ 386, 637 ], [ 638, 824 ], [ 825, 884 ], [ 885, 925 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Literature", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jean-Paul {Sartre}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "With Jorge Semprun, he argued against the \"new novel\" in the \"What Can Literature Do?\" debate.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Paul_Sartre", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550ddd9", "qanta_id": 28806, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "With Jorge Semprun, he argued against the \"new novel\" in the \"What Can Literature Do?\" debate.\u00a0 Earlier, he claimed that the absurdity and lack of syntactic causality employed by Meursault yields a Voltairean effect in his \"Commentary on The Stranger,\" and he refused to address poetic Beauty, favoring anti-Freduain psychoanalysis, in his book-length essay on Baudelaire. This founder of the journal Modern Times also lionized the author of Our Lady of the Flowers in (*) Saint Genet and claimed that \"reading is directed creation,\" because the public can change anything it reads due to a writer's being \"outside language,\" in his \"What is Literature?\", which applied to art a philosophyy that he had previously declared \"is a humanism\" based on the idea that \"existence precedes essence.\" For 10 points, name this French critic who also composed Dirty Hands, \"The Wall,\" Nausea, and Being and Nothingness.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 96, 372 ], [ 373, 791 ], [ 792, 908 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Literature", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Decameron}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "According to this work's preface, it was written to correct Fortune's neglect of forlorn young ladies, about whom he defends himself against being too fond at the start of its fourth section.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Decameron", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dde2", "qanta_id": 28815, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to this work's preface, it was written to correct Fortune's neglect of forlorn young ladies, about whom he defends himself against being too fond at the start of its fourth section. In its third, the characters follow a steward to an abandoned palace whose walled garden contains a tremendous sculpted fountain, where they spend the day dancing and singing. Other sections of this work see Monna Nonna demand to a bishop that if his marshal friend wishes to rape her, he must pay for the privilege; Pyrrhus convince Nicostratus that a certain (*) tree makes it appear that people are having sex, after which he takes the opportunity to screw his wife; and Gualteri pretend to be engaged to a twelve-year-old so as to test his banished peasant wife Griselda. Clever comebacks, generous action for love, and tricks women play on men are among the themes organizing this work, which are decided by Elissa, Panfilo, Dioneo, and others. For 10 points, name this collection of tales presented by aristocrats waiting out the Florentine plague by Giovanni Boccaccio.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 367 ], [ 368, 767 ], [ 768, 941 ], [ 942, 1068 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Literature", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Sophocles}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of this man's plays centers on a magical object that begins working when exposed to sunlight and includes a messenger who concocts a tale about the death of Iphitus and slavery to Queen Omphale to explain his master's long absence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sophocles", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550de22", "qanta_id": 28879, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's plays centers on a magical object that begins working when exposed to sunlight and includes a messenger who concocts a tale about the death of Iphitus and slavery to Queen Omphale to explain his master's long absence. That play ends on Mount Oeta, where Hyllus is ordered to marry Iole. This author was deified as Dexion after death; in life, he had served as a priest of Alon, introduced the worship of Asclepius, and been elected general during the Samian War. Ignoring the warnings of Chrysothemis, another of his title characters conspires with the Paedagogus and her brother to (*) avenge her father's murder. Teucer demands the proper burial of his brother, who had killed many sheep, in another play by this author of The Women of Trachis and Elektra, Ajax. His other works depict the suicides of Haemon and Eurydice, and a man who is raised by Polybus using gold brooches to put out his eyes. For 10 points, name this author of Antigone and Oedipus Tyrannus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 235 ], [ 236, 304 ], [ 305, 480 ], [ 481, 602 ], [ 602, 632 ], [ 633, 782 ], [ 783, 918 ], [ 919, 984 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Literature", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Hay Wain}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the foreground of this work, a brown and white dog walks along the banks of a clear body of water. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Hay_Wain", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550de4c", "qanta_id": 28921, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the foreground of this work, a brown and white dog walks along the banks of a clear body of water. A boat is half obscured in the rushes on the right of this work, while smoke emerges from the chimney of a house with a crumbling roof on the left side of this work. Two black oxen pull a rickety conveyance across a shallow stream in the center of this work, and two young men ride in the title vehicle. For 10 points\u2014name this landscape painting by John Constable.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 103, 270 ], [ 270, 409 ], [ 409, 470 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Tempest}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one scene in this work, a drunken sailor claims to be from the moon, causing another character to swear allegiance to him and kiss his foot. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tempest", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550de51", "qanta_id": 28926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one scene in this work, a drunken sailor claims to be from the moon, causing another character to swear allegiance to him and kiss his foot. In another scene of this work, a banquet vanishes when a harpy appears before \"three men of sin\" and angrily reprimands them for an incident that happened twelve years prior to this work. That incident led to the enslaving of a son of Sycorax and the freeing of a spirit, Ariel, who helped the protagonist of this work cause a shipwreck. For 10 points\u2014name this work, containing Trunculo, Caliban, Ferdinand, Miranda, and Prosparo, a comedy by William Shakespeare.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 145, 334 ], [ 334, 485 ], [ 485, 611 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Mann}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote one work in which sickly Prince Albrecht is the older brother of Klaus Heinrich, who is tutored by Dr. Raoul Ueberstein, while in another work by this author, the menopausal widow Rosalie dies from a metastatic tumor in her uterus after lusting after her son's American-born tutor. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Mann", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550de6c", "qanta_id": 28953, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote one work in which sickly Prince Albrecht is the older brother of Klaus Heinrich, who is tutored by Dr. Raoul Ueberstein, while in another work by this author, the menopausal widow Rosalie dies from a metastatic tumor in her uterus after lusting after her son's American-born tutor. This author of Royal Highness and The Black Swan gave a series of lectures collected as The Coming Victory of Democracy and wrote more one more well known works in which the hypnotist Cipolla is assassinated in Torre di Venere, one in which Jasiu and Tadzio have a fight on the beach in front of the protagonist, and one in which Leo Naphta is a Jesuit and Lodovico Settembrini is a student of Giosu\u00e9 Carducci. For 10 points\u2014name this author of Mario and the Magician, who wrote about Gustav von Aschenbach and Hans Castorp in his works Death in Venice and The Magic Mountain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 292 ], [ 292, 705 ], [ 705, 870 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Edgar} Allen {Poe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He addressed a \"mysterious star\" and claimed that he \"could not love except where death was mingling his with Beauty's breath\" in a poem which draws from the seventh Sura of the Qu'ran, which was collected with another poem that described the life of a Middle Eastern warlord who claimed he \"reach'd my home", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edgar_Allan_Poe", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550de80", "qanta_id": 28973, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He addressed a \"mysterious star\" and claimed that he \"could not love except where death was mingling his with Beauty's breath\" in a poem which draws from the seventh Sura of the Qu'ran, which was collected with another poem that described the life of a Middle Eastern warlord who claimed he \"reach'd my home\u2014my home no more\" after falling in love with a woman named Ada. In addition to \"Al Aaraaf\" and \"Tamerlane\", this author claimed that the best way to double your money is to fold it in half in one short poem, and in another describes a play put on by mimes for an audience of angels. This author of \"Epigram for Wall Street\" and \"The Conqueror Worm\" wrote about objects that signify youth, marriage and death in one work, and in another, describes lying down beside a tomb in the sea of a woman with bright eyes. For 10 points\u2014name this author of \"The Bells\" and \"Annabel Lee\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 307 ], [ 307, 372 ], [ 372, 592 ], [ 592, 822 ], [ 822, 886 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Jesus Christ} [accept either]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work about this character, Stephen Foxx and Professor Wilford-Smith attempt to find a videotape of him after discovering a video camera at an archaeological dig. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jesus", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550de83", "qanta_id": 28976, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work about this character, Stephen Foxx and Professor Wilford-Smith attempt to find a videotape of him after discovering a video camera at an archaeological dig. In another work, this character is the subject of a novel by a man who meets Bezdomny in a psychiatric clinic. In another work featuring this character, his childhood pal Biff tells about this character's life, while this character is told by God that he is tired of only being the God of one race while the other gods get all the glory in another work, and at the end of that work, he exclaims, \"Men, forgive Him, for He knows not what He has done\". For 10 points\u2014name this subject of works by Andreas Eschbach, The Master, Christopher Moore, and Jose Saramago, who is also the main character of the first four books of the New Testament.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 170, 282 ], [ 282, 623 ], [ 623, 811 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Saul {Bellow}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author created a narrator nicknamed \"Chick\" who is a longtime friend of the title character in one work, which also sees Sam Partiget meet the title character after he discovers he is dying of AIDS. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Saul_Bellow", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550de8b", "qanta_id": 28984, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author created a narrator nicknamed \"Chick\" who is a longtime friend of the title character in one work, which also sees Sam Partiget meet the title character after he discovers he is dying of AIDS. In another work, this author wrote about a day in the life of a middle-aged failed actor named Wilhelm Adler, while he also wrote about a Holocaust survivor who was \"sorry for all and sore at heart\". This author of Ravelstein, Seize the Day, and Mr. Sammler's Planet also wrote about the gangster Rinaldo Cantabile attempting to get the poet Charlie Citrine to sell out in one work, and another work features a character who plans to shoot Valentine and Madeleine after hearing about a woman who killed her three-year old son by throwing him against a wall. For 10 points\u2014name this author of Humboldt's Gift and Herzog, who wrote about Stella's marriage to the title character in Chicago in The Adventures of Augie March.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 205, 406 ], [ 406, 765 ], [ 765, 928 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Yasunari Kawabata", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote about Gimpei Momoi, a former schoolteacher, who has a relationship with his student Hisako in one work, while another work by this author sees Oki Toshio meet Otoko Ueno and her maid Keiko Sakami. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550de8c", "qanta_id": 28985, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote about Gimpei Momoi, a former schoolteacher, who has a relationship with his student Hisako in one work, while another work by this author sees Oki Toshio meet Otoko Ueno and her maid Keiko Sakami. In addition to The Lake and Beauty and Sadness, he wrote about a battle between Minoru Kitani and Honinbo Shusai in one work, while Old Eguchi constantly visits the title building in another work. This author of The House of the Sleeping Beauties and The Master of Go, he wrote a more well known work in which Shuichi and Fusako are the children of Yasuko and Shingo Ogata, and one in which Shimamura has an affair with Komako in the hot springs of Yuzawa. For 10 points\u2014name this author of The Sound of the Mountain and Snow Country, who described the Japanese tea ceremony in his novel Thousand Cranes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 207, 405 ], [ 405, 475 ], [ 475, 666 ], [ 666, 813 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Zen Buddhism} [prompt on {Buddhism} or {Mahayana}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Fuke sect of this religion practices suizen, while some sects of this religion practice a loud belly chant known as the katsu. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zen", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550de92", "qanta_id": 28991, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Fuke sect of this religion practices suizen, while some sects of this religion practice a loud belly chant known as the katsu. Guiyang, Linji, Caodong, Yunmen, and Fayan are known as the \"Five Houses\" of this religion, and it was founded by a man originally named Bodhitara. Shikantaza and the Zenshuji mission are commonly associated with the Soto sect of this religion, and kinhin, sesshin, and zazen are the most common forms of meditation in this religion. For 10 points\u2014name this religion, founded by Bodhidharma, which has produced a large amount of paradoxical stories and sayings, known as koans.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 132, 281 ], [ 281, 468 ], [ 468, 611 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edward {Albee}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote one play which opens with the Young Man performing calisthenics near the title object, though he reveals to the Grandmother that he is actually the Angel of Death at the end of the play. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Albee", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dead", "qanta_id": 29018, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote one play which opens with the Young Man performing calisthenics near the title object, though he reveals to the Grandmother that he is actually the Angel of Death at the end of the play. This author of The Sandbox wrote another play in which Martin Gray reveals a bestial affair to his family on the talk show \"People Who Matter\", and one play in which HIMSELF tells the story of his life to MAN and WOMAN. In addition to The Goat, or Who is Sylvia? and The Man Who Had Three Arms, he wrote a play in which Jerry attempts to frame Peter for his own murder after telling him his life story on a bench in New York City. For 10 points\u2014name this author of The Zoo Story who created the party games \"Hump the Hostess\" and \"Get the Guests\", which are played by Martha, George, Nick, and Honey in his play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 197, 418 ], [ 418, 460 ], [ 461, 630 ], [ 630, 707 ], [ 707, 810 ], [ 811, 842 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John {Milton}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote a sonnet which contains the lines, \"Their martyred blood and ashes sow o'er all the th' Italian fields where still doth sway the triple tyrant\", and one masque by this author concerns the Lady's imprisonment by the title god of mockery. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Milton", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dec2", "qanta_id": 29039, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote a sonnet which contains the lines, \"Their martyred blood and ashes sow o'er all the th' Italian fields where still doth sway the triple tyrant\", and one masque by this author concerns the Lady's imprisonment by the title god of mockery. In addition to \"On the Late Massacre in Piedmont\" and Comus, this author wrote one work in which he claims that \"he...who therefore seeks to part, is one who highly honors the married life, and would not stain it\", and another work which contains the line, \"As good almost kill a man as kill a good book: who kills a man kills a reasonable creature, God's image; but he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself, kills the image of God, as it were, in the eye\". This author of Doctrine and Disciple of Divorce and Areopagitica wrote one poem in which he claims, \"They also serve who only stand and waite\", and an elegy which contains the lines, \"Look homeward Angel now, and melt with ruth: And, O ye Dolphins, waft the helpless youth\". For 10 points\u2014name this author of \"When I Consider How My Light is Spent\" and Lycidas who wrote about the fall of Adam and Eve in his Paradise Lost.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 247 ], [ 247, 714 ], [ 714, 942 ], [ 943, 990 ], [ 990, 1138 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Cat} on a Hot {Tin} Roof", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work is hit by a hot buttered biscuit during a dinner in which a couple exchanged tactical signals while attempting to become endeared to a dying man. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cat_on_a_Hot_Tin_Roof", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550decc", "qanta_id": 29049, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work is hit by a hot buttered biscuit during a dinner in which a couple exchanged tactical signals while attempting to become endeared to a dying man. That man would later claim to have been to \"death's country\", which allows him to know that his son is lying to him about Skipper. This work ends when one character claims to be in love with another character, who drunkenly replies, \"wouldn't it be nice if that were true?\", though that first character had earlier claimed that she would stab herself in the neck if the second character would never have sex with her again. For 10 points\u2014name this work about Big Daddy, Maggie, and Brick, a play by Tennessee Williams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 174, 306 ], [ 306, 600 ], [ 600, 694 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {School} of {Athens} [accept {Scuola di Atene}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "On the left side of this work, an old man holds a baby and stares at a man in blue, who is too busy reading to take notice. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_School_of_Athens", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550ded5", "qanta_id": 29058, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "On the left side of this work, an old man holds a baby and stares at a man in blue, who is too busy reading to take notice. On the right side, two dudes in funky hats hold large gray circular objects, and one of them twirls it around his fingers like a baller. Another character in this painting balances on one leg against a wall while attempting to write something down, and next to him a character leans against the wall and reads what he's writing. In the center of this work, a scantily clad old man lies prostrate on some stone steps and reads from a piece of paper, and the two central figures walk towards him, paying no attention to anything but the copies of Timaeus and the Nicomachean Ethics they hold in their arms. For 10 points\u2014name this work depicting Plato and Aristotle and a bunch of other guys in the title location, a painting by Raphael.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 125, 263 ], [ 263, 456 ], [ 456, 733 ], [ 733, 863 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Scarlet Letter}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work goes into the woods at night to commune with the devil, and at one point attempts to get the protagonist to come with her, but is rejected. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Scarlet_Letter", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550deee", "qanta_id": 29083, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work goes into the woods at night to commune with the devil, and at one point attempts to get the protagonist to come with her, but is rejected. In addition to Mistress Hibbins, other characters in this work include one who was captured by Native Americans and delayed his trip to Boston, one whose chest is revealed to carry a stigmata in the shape of the title object after his death at the end of this work, and another whose daughter Pearl is rumored to be fathered by the devil. For 10 points\u2014name this work, containing Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Hester Prynne, a work by Nathaniel Hawthorne.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 168, 508 ], [ 508, 638 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "T.S. {Eliot} [accept \u201cThe {Hollow Men}\u201d before \u201cthis {man}\u201d]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The lines \"the eyes are not here, there are no eyes here in this valley of dying stars\" open the fourth section of one of this man's works, which also contains the lines \"here the stone images are raised, here they receive the supplication of a dead man's hand\" and describes \"eyes I dare not meet in dreams\". ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "T._S._Eliot", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550def3", "qanta_id": 29088, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The lines \"the eyes are not here, there are no eyes here in this valley of dying stars\" open the fourth section of one of this man's works, which also contains the lines \"here the stone images are raised, here they receive the supplication of a dead man's hand\" and describes \"eyes I dare not meet in dreams\". In another work by this man, the title character laments, \"I should have been a pair of ragged claws scuttling across the floors of silent seas\" and asserts that he is \"not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be\" before asking, \"do I dare eat a peach?\" That work by this author begins with an epigraph referring to Dante's meeting with Guido da Montefeltro in the Inferno, while another work by this man begins by simply noting, \"Mistah Kurtz- he dead\". For 10 points\u2014name this author of \"The Hollow Men\" and \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 311 ], [ 311, 561 ], [ 561, 751 ], [ 752, 763 ], [ 763, 856 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Eugene {Ionesco} [accept The {New Tenant} before \"{this man}\"]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Two movers continuously bring in more furniture in one of this man's plays, while in another play by this author, Archduke Duncan breaks his promises of land and titles to Banco and the title character. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Ionesco", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550def5", "qanta_id": 29090, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two movers continuously bring in more furniture in one of this man's plays, while in another play by this author, Archduke Duncan breaks his promises of land and titles to Banco and the title character. In addition to The New Tenant and MacBett, this man wrote about Marguerite and Marie, who are the wives of King Berenger I, and also created Choubert and Madeleine, who live together in a flat where nothing ever happens. This author of Victims of Duty and Exit the King wrote more well known works in which the Smiths, the Martins, Mary and the Fire Chief have a dinner party, and another in Daisy originally resists transfomartion, but eventually gives in, leaving Berenger as the only character who is not one of the title creatures. For 10 points\u2014name this author of The Bald Soprano and Rhinoceros.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 204, 426 ], [ 426, 742 ], [ 742, 808 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Hector {Berlioz}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He recycled an aria from his unfinished opera Les francs-juges as the second movement of his last symphony, The Grand Funeral and Triumphal Symphony.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hector_Berlioz", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550def6", "qanta_id": 29091, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He recycled an aria from his unfinished opera Les francs-juges as the second movement of his last symphony, The Grand Funeral and Triumphal Symphony. \"Serenade of a Mountaineer of the Abruzzi\" and \"Orgy of the Brigands\" are movements in a work he created for Paganini, while his operas include one in which Balducci suggests Fieramosca to replace the title character as the sculptor of a statue of Perseus for Pope Clement VII and an operatic adaptation of The Aeneid. In addition to composing Benvenuto Cellini, Les Troyens and Harold in Italy, he wrote a work whose movements include one in which an interplay between the oboe and the English horn represents a conversation between shepherds, \"Scene in the Fields\" and one which contains an id\u00e9e fixe in the clarinet, \"March to the Scaffold.\" For 10 points\u2014name this composer of Symphonie Fantastique.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 470 ], [ 470, 796 ], [ 797, 855 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Their {Eyes} Were Watching God", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work speaks in rhymes to his new wife and marvels at her long black hair for the first year of their marriage, but then begins to believe she has been spoiled. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Their_Eyes_Were_Watching_God", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550def7", "qanta_id": 29092, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work speaks in rhymes to his new wife and marvels at her long black hair for the first year of their marriage, but then begins to believe she has been spoiled. In addition to Logan Killicks, one character in this work becomes the mayor and postmaster of an all-black community, while another character in this work criticizes Jody's impotence in public and is beaten before killing her third husband and being acquitted of the crime by an all-white jury. For 10 points\u2014name this work in which Tea Cake is bitten by a rabid dog, causing Janie Crawford to move back to Eatonville, Florida, a work by Zora Neale Hurston.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 183, 479 ], [ 479, 641 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Red} and the {Black} [accept Le {Rouge et} le {Noir}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work recounts the tale of Queen Margot, before kissing the lips of her lover's severed head. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Red_and_the_Black", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df06", "qanta_id": 29107, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work recounts the tale of Queen Margot, before kissing the lips of her lover's severed head. Another character in this work uses pre-written love letters to woo Madame de Fervaques before being jailed for assault. In another scene in this work, Monsieur de Croisenois is killed in a duel that he fights over the honor of another character, who had been engaged to that man despite being desperately in love with the protagonist of this work. That protagonist would later shoot Madame de R\u00eanal and would be condemned to death by a jury led by Monsieur Valenod. For 10 points\u2014name this work about Julien Sorel, a novel by Stendhal.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 116, 238 ], [ 238, 467 ], [ 467, 586 ], [ 586, 655 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Great Gatsby}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One episode in this work revolves around a drunken car accident, after which one man attempts to find a gasoline station and the other announces he knows nothing about driving or mechanics. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Great_Gatsby", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df0b", "qanta_id": 29112, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One episode in this work revolves around a drunken car accident, after which one man attempts to find a gasoline station and the other announces he knows nothing about driving or mechanics. One of those men was earlier observed in the library of a large mansion during a party, and is referred to by the narrator as \"Owl Eyes\". Another character in this novel discusses the night that Rosy Rosenthal was murdered outside the Metropole before showing the protagonist his cufflinks made from human molars, and is later revealed to have fixed the 1919 World Series. For 10 points, name this work about an apprentice of Dan Cody, which features characters such as Meyer Wolfsheim, Dr. T.J. Eckelstein, Jordan Baker, and Nick Carraway, an ultra-famous novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 191, 330 ], [ 330, 566 ], [ 566, 779 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one painting by this artist, plasticine trees and shrubs stretch off on idyllic green hills in the distance, while a handplow seemingly pushes itself in the foreground. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grant_Wood", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df0f", "qanta_id": 29116, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one painting by this artist, plasticine trees and shrubs stretch off on idyllic green hills in the distance, while a handplow seemingly pushes itself in the foreground. He also painted an overdeck truss bridge in one painting of a picaresque village with a peaceful brook running through it. In addition to Fall Plowing and Stone City, he painted a horse and rider galloping past a tall white church in a darker painting of a similar town, his Midnight Ride of Paul Revere. This artist reproduced Emmanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware in the background of one more well known painting of three ugly women, one of whom holds a porcelain teacup. For 10 points\u2014name this artist of Daughters of the Revolution, who also painted a constipated-looking dude with a pitchfork in his American Gothic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 173, 297 ], [ 297, 480 ], [ 480, 664 ], [ 664, 811 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Carlos {Fuentes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote essays about \"The World of Jos\u00e9 Luis Cuevas\" and Miguel de Cervantes, and he wrote short story collections entitled The Masked Days and Song of the Blind. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carlos_Fuentes", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df12", "qanta_id": 29119, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote essays about \"The World of Jos\u00e9 Luis Cuevas\" and Miguel de Cervantes, and he wrote short story collections entitled The Masked Days and Song of the Blind. In one novel by this author, a Mexican student goes to medical school in New York, while Felipe Montero edits the memoirs of General Llorente in another novel by this author. In addition to The Crystal Frontier and Aura, he wrote a novel in which a dying tycoon recalls his involvement in the formation of the PRI and other historic events, and one novel which fictionalizes the last days of Ambrose Bierce. For 10 points\u2014name this author of The Death of Artemio Cruz and The Old Gringo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 165, 341 ], [ 341, 575 ], [ 575, 654 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Grapes} of Wrath", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work bursts into laughter upon seeing some of the fashions worn in Oklahoma City and later declares his intention to study radios before wandering off along the river. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Grapes_of_Wrath", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df16", "qanta_id": 29123, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work bursts into laughter upon seeing some of the fashions worn in Oklahoma City and later declares his intention to study radios before wandering off along the river. That character, Connie, is married to the sister of the protagonist of this work, and that sister gives birth to a stillborn child before using her milk to nurse a starving man back to health at the end of this work. This work opens with the protagonist getting out of prison and meeting Jim Casy. For 10 points\u2014name this work, containing such characters as Rose of Sharon and Tom Joad, a novel of the Great Depression by John Steinbeck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 191, 409 ], [ 409, 491 ], [ 491, 630 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Mark {Twain}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one story by this author, Adam, Moses and Buddha are considered celebrities in heaven, and that story also sees a cranberry farmer named Sandy McWilliams answer the title character's questions about heaven. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mark_Twain", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df18", "qanta_id": 29125, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story by this author, Adam, Moses and Buddha are considered celebrities in heaven, and that story also sees a cranberry farmer named Sandy McWilliams answer the title character's questions about heaven. This author of \"Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven\" co-authored a work which contains stories about Silas Hawkins, Phillip Sterling and Henry Brierly, and the title character of another work by this author proves that Chambers and Tom Driscoll were switched at birth. This co-author of The Gilded Age and author of Pudd'nhead Wilson wrote a novel in which Edward VI rescues Tom Canty from a beating by the Royal Guards. For 10 points\u2014name this author of The Prince and the Pauper, who wrote about the title character's journey down the Mississippi with the escaped slave Jim in his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 211 ], [ 211, 482 ], [ 482, 635 ], [ 635, 838 ] ], "tournament": "Chipola Lit + Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Washington {Irving}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A collection of leftover stories by this writer was published as Wolfert's Roost.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Washington_Irving", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df1b", "qanta_id": 29128, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A collection of leftover stories by this writer was published as Wolfert's Roost. This writer wrote a history of fur trading dedicated to John Jacob Astor in a novel entitled Astoria. This writer wrote of a deal for Captain Kidd's riches between Old Scratch and a titular character. In one story he depicts a group of bearded men playing a game of ninepins while another story depicts a rivalry for Katrina Van Tassel between Brom Bones and Ichabod Crane. For 10 points, name this American writer of \"The Devil and Tom Walker\" and The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon which contained \"Rip Van Winkle\" and \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 183 ], [ 184, 282 ], [ 283, 455 ], [ 456, 501 ], [ 501, 633 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{entropy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Two entities containing the same amount of this quantity were proven by Donald Ornstein to be isomorphic Bernoulli schemes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df31", "qanta_id": 29150, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two entities containing the same amount of this quantity were proven by Donald Ornstein to be isomorphic Bernoulli schemes. This quantity has a value of around eighty-seven to eighty-eight during vaporization according to Trouton's rule. It approaches negative infinity as temperature approaches zero according to the Sackur-Tetrode equation. This quantity's net change is represented by an integral in the Clausius Theorem. It remains unchanged in the Carnot cycle and Maxwell's demon violates the principle that this quantity always increases according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. For 10 points, name this physical quantity of disorder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 237 ], [ 238, 342 ], [ 343, 424 ], [ 425, 591 ], [ 592, 647 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Immanuel {Kant}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Works by this philosopher include Attempt to Introduce the Concept of Negative Magnitudes into Philosophy and The Only Possible Ground for Demonstration of the Existence of God.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df32", "qanta_id": 29151, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Works by this philosopher include Attempt to Introduce the Concept of Negative Magnitudes into Philosophy and The Only Possible Ground for Demonstration of the Existence of God. This philosopher listed out the Three Definitive Articles in his work Perpetual Peace. In three works, this philosopher posits that beauty, moral laws, and a priori truths are universal. David Hume awoke this philosopher from his dogmatic slumber which then led to the development of the categorical imperative. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who wrote Critique of Judgment, Critique of Practical Reason, and Critique of Pure Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 264 ], [ 265, 364 ], [ 365, 489 ], [ 490, 624 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian {Bach}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this composer's works was entitled after a canticle sung in the Gospel of Luke where Elizabeth is visited by Mary in this composer's Magnificat in D Minor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df33", "qanta_id": 29152, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this composer's works was entitled after a canticle sung in the Gospel of Luke where Elizabeth is visited by Mary in this composer's Magnificat in D Minor. Lieschen is the daughter of Schlendrian in one of this composer's works centering on an addiction to a titular entity in the work Coffee Cantata. This composer's other works include Mass in B Minor, The Musical Offering, and the Saint Matthew Passion. Twenty-four pairs of prelude and fugues are contained in this composer's The Well-Tempered Clavier. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Goldberg Variations, The Art of the Fugue, and the Brandenburg Concertos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 308 ], [ 309, 414 ], [ 415, 514 ], [ 515, 636 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Suleiman} Muhtesem I [or Suleiman the Magnificent; or Suleiman the Lawgiver; or Suleiman the Kanuni]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Andrea Doria was defeated by this ruler's general Hayreddin at the Battle of Preveza.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Suleiman_the_Magnificent", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df3f", "qanta_id": 29164, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Andrea Doria was defeated by this ruler's general Hayreddin at the Battle of Preveza. Along with Nikola Subric Zrinski, this leader was killed fighting in action but the news was kept a secret by this leader's general Sokollu in the aftermath of the Battle of Szigetvar. Jean Parisot de la Valette killed this leader's general Turgut Reis at the Battle of Malta. He defeated Niklas Graf Salm and Wilhelm von Roggendorf in one battle and in another battle he killed Pal Tomori and Louis II. Defeated at the Battle of Vienna while victorious at the Battle of Mohacs, for 10 points, name this son of Selim I who from 1520 to 1566 ruled as sultan of the Ottoman Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 270 ], [ 271, 362 ], [ 363, 489 ], [ 490, 665 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Charlemagne} [or Charles I the Great; or Charles the Great; or Charles le {Grand}; or {Carolus Magnus}; or {Karl der Grosse}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler agreed to set the Eider River as the southern boundary of Denmark in an agreement signed by King Hemming known as the Treaty of Heiligen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df42", "qanta_id": 29167, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler agreed to set the Eider River as the southern boundary of Denmark in an agreement signed by King Hemming known as the Treaty of Heiligen. This ruler's advancement through the Susa Valley near Mount Cenis and the Great Saint Bernard Pass led to the fleeing of Adalgis and the capture of Desiderius at the Battle of Pavia. Lupo II of Gascony, as recorded by Einhard, defeated this ruler's general Eginhard at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass which also resulted in the death of his paladin Roland. Crowned by Leo III as Holy Roman Emperor, for 10 points, name this son of Pepin the Short, grandson of Charles Martel, and brother of Carloman I.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 331 ], [ 332, 502 ], [ 503, 648 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Johann Wolfgang von {Goethe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this writer's works, the Captain unites with Charlotte after Ottilie starves herself to death leading eventually to the death of Edward in a novel entitled Elective Affinities.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df51", "qanta_id": 29182, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this writer's works, the Captain unites with Charlotte after Ottilie starves herself to death leading eventually to the death of Edward in a novel entitled Elective Affinities. Philina and Mariana become infatuated with a titular character who marries Natalia in one of this writer's novels. A pistol is supplied by Albert in another of this writer's novels where a titular character is infatuated with Charlotte. Valentin tries to convince a titular character to kill Gretchen in another of this writer's novels involving the devil. This German writer wrote Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, for 10 points, in addition to The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 186 ], [ 187, 301 ], [ 302, 423 ], [ 424, 543 ], [ 544, 672 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Publius {Ovidius} Naso", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This writer wrote a five book poem entitled Tristia that was written at about the same time as this writer's attempt at receiving a pardon in Letter from the Black Sea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ovid", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df66", "qanta_id": 29203, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This writer wrote a five book poem entitled Tristia that was written at about the same time as this writer's attempt at receiving a pardon in Letter from the Black Sea. This writer wrote a handbook on seduction that some claim may have corrupted Julia in a poem entitled Ars Amatoria. One of his poems discusses a character who transforms into a bird, named Tereus, as well as a character who becomes a swan, named Jove and a character, who becomes a star, named Caesar. For 10 points, name this Roman writer who discussed myths that dealt with main figures performing a titular action in a poem entitled Metamorphoses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 284 ], [ 285, 470 ], [ 471, 619 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Tamerlane} [or {Timur} the Lame; or {Timour} the Lame; or {Timur Lenk}; or {Tamburlaine}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Mikhail Gerasimov exhumed this ruler's body at Gur-e Amir three days before the start of Operation Barbarossa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Timur", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df6a", "qanta_id": 29207, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Mikhail Gerasimov exhumed this ruler's body at Gur-e Amir three days before the start of Operation Barbarossa. At both the Battle of the Kondurcha River and the Battle of the Terek River, this ruler defeated Tokhtamysh's Golden Horde. With Miran Shah, Khalil Sultan, and Shah Rukh, this ruler defeated Stefan Lazarevic and Bayezid I the Thunderbolt at the Battle of Ankara. This ruler built pyramids of skulls at Damascus and Baghdad and his descendant Babur later established the Mughal Dynasty of India. For 10 points, name this ruler who originated from Uzbekistan's city of Samarkand in addition to being nicknamed \"the Lame.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 234 ], [ 235, 373 ], [ 374, 505 ], [ 506, 630 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Gettysburg}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This battle was preceded by the Battle of Brandy Station, which kept J.E.B. Stuart from fighting here.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Gettysburg", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df6c", "qanta_id": 29209, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This battle was preceded by the Battle of Brandy Station, which kept J.E.B. Stuart from fighting here. This battle also saw fighting at Peach Orchard and Devil's Den. Beginning when forces under A.P. Hill met forces under John Buford, a critical moment during this battle came when Dan Sickles advanced to Emmitsburg Road and thereby left a gap in the lines that G.K. Warren and the 20th Maine barely managed to fill. This battle also included fighting at Culp's Hill and Cemetery Ridge. For 10 points, name this American Civil War battle where Union forces were commanded by George Meade and where a charge was led by Pickett.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 166 ], [ 167, 417 ], [ 418, 487 ], [ 488, 627 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{ATP} [or {adenosine triphosphate}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The enzyme that synthesizes this molecule can be inhibited by the antibiotic oligomycin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Adenosine_triphosphate", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df7a", "qanta_id": 29223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The enzyme that synthesizes this molecule can be inhibited by the antibiotic oligomycin. Fritz Lipmann first proposed the important role function this molecule has while one reaction producing this molecule occurs in the thylakoid. Along with NADPH, this molecule is produced in the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis in a process known as photophosphorylation while this molecule is also produced alongside NADH in glycolysis. Adenylate cyclase uses this molecule to produce cyclic AMP. For 10 points, name the primary biological energy currency that is found in the mitochondria.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 231 ], [ 232, 435 ], [ 436, 495 ], [ 496, 589 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "ferromagnetism", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The prevalent theory explaining this property explains its strongest state, saturation, by positing that all domains are oriented in the same direction as articulated by Pierre-Ernest Weiss.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ferromagnetism", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df80", "qanta_id": 29229, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The prevalent theory explaining this property explains its strongest state, saturation, by positing that all domains are oriented in the same direction as articulated by Pierre-Ernest Weiss. The anti- variety of this property is activated at a threshold named for Neel, and materials that exhibit this include Heusler alloys. An intensity decrease in this property after an external field has been removed and reapplied is called hysteresis, and materials lose this property at temperatures above the Curie point. Also occurring in gadolinium, cobalt, and nickel, for 10 points, name this type of magnetism named for its occurrence in iron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 325 ], [ 326, 513 ], [ 514, 640 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "benzene", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Aluminum chloride may be used to catalyze a high-pressure reaction involving this compound along with hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide in the Gattermann-Koch reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benzene", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df88", "qanta_id": 29237, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Aluminum chloride may be used to catalyze a high-pressure reaction involving this compound along with hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide in the Gattermann-Koch reaction. This compound is employed in a reaction that synthesizes acyl from this compound and 1-4 cyclohexadienes may be formed when this compound undergoes a Birch reduction. This compound can undergo Friedel-Crafts acylation or alkylation and its methyl version is known as toluene. For 10 points, name this compound with chemical formula C6H6, whose structure was proposed by Kekule.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 339 ], [ 340, 448 ], [ 449, 550 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of {Norway}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country, which at two referendums has rejected EU membership, owns the volcanic islands of Peter I and Bouvet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Norway", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df8a", "qanta_id": 29239, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country, which at two referendums has rejected EU membership, owns the volcanic islands of Peter I and Bouvet. This country experienced economic growth in the 1970s when oil at Ekofisk field was discovered, leading to the creation of the state oil company Statoil. Cities on this country's coast include Bodo, Trondheim, and Bergen, though this country's capital is found inland, slightly north of the strait of Skagerrak. With two-thirds of its area covered by the Scadanavian mountains, for 10 points, name this northern European country, well known for its fjords, with a capital at Oslo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 269 ], [ 270, 427 ], [ 428, 596 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Herman {Hesse}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this writer's novels features a man searching for the meaning of life after leaving a monastery with the aid of his teacher in this writer's novel entitled Narcissus and Goldmund.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df93", "qanta_id": 29248, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this writer's novels features a man searching for the meaning of life after leaving a monastery with the aid of his teacher in this writer's novel entitled Narcissus and Goldmund. The titular character guides Emil Sinclair to self-realization in this writer's novel entitled Demian. In one of this writer's novels, Tito is saved by Joseph Knecht while another novel depicts Pablo who loves Hermine, a woman who gets stabbed under the breast by the narcotics loving character Harry Haller. For 10 points, name this German writer who wrote The Glass Bead Game and Steppenwolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 186 ], [ 187, 289 ], [ 290, 495 ], [ 496, 581 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "George Bernard {Shaw}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this writer's plays, General Burgoyne spares the life of Dick Dudgeon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Bernard_Shaw", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df9b", "qanta_id": 29256, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this writer's plays, General Burgoyne spares the life of Dick Dudgeon. In another of this writer's plays, Raina Petkoff falls in love with a hotel owner, who she dubs as her chocolate-cream soldier, named Bluntschili. In addition to The Devil's Disciple and Arms and the Man, this writer depicted a character who is horrified when she discovers that her mother is a prostitute, named Vivie. This writer also depicted a debate between the devil and Don Juan. This writer of Mrs. Warren's Profession and Man and Superman also wrote a play following Henry Higgins' education of Eliza Doolittle. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of Pygmalion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 227 ], [ 228, 400 ], [ 401, 467 ], [ 468, 601 ], [ 602, 657 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Swan Lake}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first act of this ballet sees a celebration end with a Dance with Goblets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Swan_Lake", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df9d", "qanta_id": 29258, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first act of this ballet sees a celebration end with a Dance with Goblets. Afterwards, the protagonist sets out with Benno von Sommerstern and his tutor, Wolfgang, to go hunting. At one point in this ballet, the protagonist dances with a woman dressed in black, in contrast to another character who dresses in white. That woman is Odile, whom the protagonist fatally mistakes for his love, Odette. At the end of this ballet, Odette and her lover, Siegfried, are unable to break a curse created by the villainous Von Rothbart so they then commit suicide by jumping into the titular body of water. For 10 points, name this Peter Tchaikovsky ballet featuring white birds.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 182 ], [ 183, 320 ], [ 321, 401 ], [ 402, 528 ], [ 529, 599 ], [ 600, 672 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edward Morgan {Forster}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one short story by this writer, the character who forgets that the titular object is man-made is named Vashti in the story entitled \"The Machine Stops.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._M._Forster", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550df9f", "qanta_id": 29260, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one short story by this writer, the character who forgets that the titular object is man-made is named Vashti in the story entitled \"The Machine Stops.\" Stephen drunkenly falls onto a pair of railroad tracks but is saved by his brother named Rickie Elliot in this writer's novel entitled The Longest Journey. Charlotte Barlett is disappointed that her residence overlooks a courtyard instead of a city in the beginning of another novel by this writer. This writer depicted George Emerson and Cecil Vyse pursuing the protagonist, Lucy Honeychurch. For 10 points, name this English writer of A Room With a View who also wrote Howards End and A Passage to India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 154, 155 ], [ 156, 311 ], [ 312, 454 ], [ 455, 549 ], [ 550, 662 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Gibbs free energy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity was introduced in the 1882 work entitled On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gibbs_free_energy", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dfa6", "qanta_id": 29267, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity was introduced in the 1882 work entitled On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances. The change in this quantity classifies reactions as exergonic and endergonic, and at isobaric and isothermic conditions, the partial derivative of this quantity with respect to number of particles equals chemical potential. The change in this quantity is negative for spontaneous reactions and can be found by subtracting the product of temperature and change in entropy from the change in enthalpy. For 10 points, name this type of energy that measures the useful work of a system, named for a Yale chemist named Josiah Willard.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 326 ], [ 327, 502 ], [ 503, 632 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Vidiadhar Surajprasad {Naipaul}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this writer's novels, Emelda leaves Popo and Bogart returns to the titular location \"to be a man among men\" according to Hat in this writer's novel entitled Miguel Street.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "V._S._Naipaul", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dfaf", "qanta_id": 29276, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this writer's novels, Emelda leaves Popo and Bogart returns to the titular location \"to be a man among men\" according to Hat in this writer's novel entitled Miguel Street. Priya, unlike Sahib, advises an American marriage to a black maid for Santosh in this writer's novel entitled In a Free State. In one of this writer's novels, the former slave Metty, unlike Ferdinand, frames the illegal possession of ivory on the good hearted Salim while Shama learns to love Mohun in another novel. For 10 points, name this Trinidadian writer who wrote A Bend in the River and A House for Mr. Biswas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 308 ], [ 309, 498 ], [ 499, 600 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "George {Berkeley}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher argued that a visible square and a tangible square have nothing more in common than do a man and his name in a work entitled An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Berkeley", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dfb2", "qanta_id": 29279, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher argued that a visible square and a tangible square have nothing more in common than do a man and his name in a work entitled An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision. This philosopher argued that the existence of sensible objects is comparable to that of objects in dreams or hallucinations in a work entitled Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous. In another work, this philosopher claimed Esse es percipi or to be is to be perceived. For 10 points, name this English philosopher who wrote A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge in addition to being the namesake of a large public university in California.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 370 ], [ 371, 457 ], [ 458, 646 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Nicaragua}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Cities in this country include La Rosita and Bonanza, lying along the Baubana river before it joins with the Prinzapolca to flow into the Caribbean Sea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nicaragua", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dfb4", "qanta_id": 29281, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Cities in this country include La Rosita and Bonanza, lying along the Baubana river before it joins with the Prinzapolca to flow into the Caribbean Sea. The city of San Carlos lies on the San Juan river and the edge of this country's namesake lake, which is separated by the Amerrique Mountains from the Mosquito Coast. Leon was the previous capital of this country whose previous president Violeta Chamorro was the first democratically elected female in the Americas. Led now by Daniel Ortega, for 10 points, name this country bordering Honduras and Costa Rica, with capital at Managua.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 319 ], [ 320, 468 ], [ 469, 587 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Oscar {Wilde}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this writer's plays sees Arthur Goring save the titular character's career by blackmailing Mrs. Cheveley.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oscar_Wilde", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dfb6", "qanta_id": 29283, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this writer's plays sees Arthur Goring save the titular character's career by blackmailing Mrs. Cheveley. In addition to writing about Robert Chilthern, this writer wrote a novel in which Lord Darlington discovers the titular object, leading Mrs. Erlynne to incriminate herself to protect her daughter. In another novel by this writer, a romance between Miss Prism and Dr. Chasuble is set up by Cecily, who later marries Algernon. That play also features Jack Worthing, who is known by another name in the city. For 10 points, name this English writer of An Ideal Husband, Lady Windermere's Fan, and The Importance of Being Earnest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 309 ], [ 310, 437 ], [ 438, 518 ], [ 519, 639 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich {Hegel}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Posthumous published works of this philosopher include one with a proclamation on the \"death of art.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dfd3", "qanta_id": 29312, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Posthumous published works of this philosopher include one with a proclamation on the \"death of art.\" In addition to Lectures \"on Aesthetics\" and \"on the Philosophy of History,\" this philosopher discussed abstract right, ethics, and morality in his Elements of the Philosophy of Right. More works by this philosopher include one split into objective and subjective sections, and another which discusses self-consciousness through the master-slave dialectic. For ten points, name this philosopher who penned the Science of Logic and The Phenomenology of Spirit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 100, 101 ], [ 102, 285 ], [ 286, 457 ], [ 458, 560 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edward {Elgar}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer of Three Bavarian Dances wrote an oratorio in which the titular character's soul encounters the Angel of Agony on the way to seeing God.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dfd9", "qanta_id": 29318, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer of Three Bavarian Dances wrote an oratorio in which the titular character's soul encounters the Angel of Agony on the way to seeing God. That work by this composer forms a trilogy along with The Apostles and The Kingdom. The finale of this composer's six-movement Coronation Ode features Land of Hope and Glory, which was worked into another piece consisting of five marches, which takes its name from Othello. This composer of The Dream of Gerontius is also known for a set of fourteen pieces which include \"Dorabella\" and \"Nimrod.\" For 10 points, name this British composer of the Enigma Variations.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 234 ], [ 235, 424 ], [ 425, 546 ], [ 546, 615 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Prague Spring}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Vera Caslavska was forced to flee to Sumperk and practice gymnastics in the mountains during this event when she signed a document written by Ludvik Vaculik.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prague_Spring", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dfe4", "qanta_id": 29329, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Vera Caslavska was forced to flee to Sumperk and practice gymnastics in the mountains during this event when she signed a document written by Ludvik Vaculik. Beginning with the removal of Antonin Novotny as first secretary, this event saw the formation of groups like K 231 and KAN. Zdenek Myln\u00e1r had the most radical proposals during this event, the fate of which was decided at the Ciern\u00e1-nad-Tisou and Bratislava conferences. Ending with the ascension of Husak to first secretary, for 10 points, name this event led by Alexander Dubcek that promised \"socialism with a human face\" in Czechoslovakia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 282 ], [ 283, 428 ], [ 429, 601 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Atalanta", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This mythological figure killed the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus after they tried to rape her, and this figure caused the death of two of Althaea's brothers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Atalanta", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dfe6", "qanta_id": 29331, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This mythological figure killed the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus after they tried to rape her, and this figure caused the death of two of Althaea's brothers. This mythological figure, the mother of Parthenopaeus, was turned into a lion after she consummated her marriage in a temple of Zeus, and Medea saved her life by healing a wound suffered fighting the Colchians. Raised by a she-bear after her father abandoned her, she participated in the Calydonian boar hunt as well as being an Argonaut, but she is better known for being distracted by some golden apples while racing Hippomenes. For 10 points, name this mythological huntress known for her foot speed.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 368 ], [ 369, 588 ], [ 589, 661 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "George {Santayana}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher, though an atheist, advocates an understanding of religion while condemning those who interpret it literally in a work entitled The Life of Reason.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Santayana", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dfee", "qanta_id": 29339, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher, though an atheist, advocates an understanding of religion while condemning those who interpret it literally in a work entitled The Life of Reason. In another work, this philosopher asserts that men do not live by idealism and claims to have found epistemological truths through doubt in a work entitled Skepticism and Animal Faith. Oliver Alden's discontent with his titular faith leads to his self-destruction in this philosopher's work entitled The Last Puritan. For 10 points, name this Spanish philosopher who said, \"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 349 ], [ 350, 482 ], [ 483, 602 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Agincourt}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One side in this battle, which was preceded by the capture of Harfleur, advanced from Maisoncelles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Agincourt", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550dff7", "qanta_id": 29348, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One side in this battle, which was preceded by the capture of Harfleur, advanced from Maisoncelles. This battle, which was preceded by an order to William Randolph to hold a crossing over the Somme, ended with a slaughter of prisoners after a party led partly by Robertde Bournonville attacked one side's baggage train. Occurring during a march to Calais, Charles D'Albret led one side in this battle, which saw the French charge stymied by muddy ground and funneled by flanking trees. For 10 points, name this 1415 battle of the Hundred Years War where English archers slaughtered French knights, a victory for Henry V.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 319 ], [ 320, 485 ], [ 486, 620 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "War of the {Triple} Alliance", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The arrival of the Wasp saved diplomat Charles Washburn from arrest during this war, which included a battle at Riachuelo near Corrientes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paraguayan_War", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550e005", "qanta_id": 29362, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The arrival of the Wasp saved diplomat Charles Washburn from arrest during this war, which included a battle at Riachuelo near Corrientes. Ended by the Lomas Valentinas campaign, the only notable victory for one side in this war was at Curupayty, and this war also saw the siege of Humaita by forces led by the duke of Caxias. Beginning with the capture of Rio Grande do Sol and Mato Grosso, one side in this war was led by Bartolome Mitre. For 10 points, name this war started as a coup by the Colorado party over the Blanco party in Uruguay and fought between the titular alliance and Solano Lopez's Paraguay.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 326 ], [ 327, 440 ], [ 441, 611 ] ], "tournament": "DAFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Johann Carl Friedrich {Gauss}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his equations shows that there is no electric field in any neutrally grounded area, which is why it's safer to be in your car than outside during a lightning strike.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carl_Friedrich_Gauss", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550e00d", "qanta_id": 29370, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his equations shows that there is no electric field in any neutrally grounded area, which is why it's safer to be in your car than outside during a lightning strike. His equations also state that no monopoles exist in nature, and that most magnetic charges are dipoles. He lends his name to the surface used in finding electric fields, and he also found the formula for summing a long list of numbers at the age of 8. For 10 points, name this German scientist who contributed two of the Maxwell Equations.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 276 ], [ 277, 424 ], [ 425, 512 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Emily Dickinson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul according to this poet who wrote mostly in ballad form.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Emily_Dickinson", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550e018", "qanta_id": 29381, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Hope is the thing with feathers that perches in the soul according to this poet who wrote mostly in ballad form. A plank in reason, broke when this poet felt mourners to and fro and there was a blue, uncertain, stumbling buzz before this poet could not see to see. In her most famous poem, the titular figure with whom she passed the school, where children strove was in a carriage that held just them And Immortality. For 10 points, this is what poet of I heard a fly buzz when I died and Because I could not stop for Death.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 264 ], [ 265, 418 ], [ 419, 525 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{benzene} or {benzol} [do not accept {phenyl} or {phenol}; accept anything with {aromatic} in first sentence]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This compound can undergo the Friedel-Crafts reactions using a strong Lewis acid catalyst.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benzene", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550e043", "qanta_id": 29424, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This compound can undergo the Friedel-Crafts reactions using a strong Lewis acid catalyst. Ludwig Roselius used this compound to decaffeinate coffee in 1903. Kathleen Lonsdale, using X-ray diffraction, confirmed its cyclic structure in 1929, confirming Friedrich Kekul\u00e9's 1865 proposal on its structure when he supposedly daydreamed a snake biting its tale. Its simple derivatives include alinine and toluene, which have an amine and a methyl group attached to it, respectively. A cyclic compound with alternating single and double bonds, this is, for 10 points, what aromatic compound with formula C6H6?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 157 ], [ 158, 357 ], [ 358, 478 ], [ 479, 604 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Franz Joseph {Haydn}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer of the oratorio The Seasons also wrote a melody on which the German anthem was based, God save Franz the Emperor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550e045", "qanta_id": 29426, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer of the oratorio The Seasons also wrote a melody on which the German anthem was based, God save Franz the Emperor. His symphonies numbers 6, 7, and 8 are titled Morning, Noon, and Evening respectively, and he also wrote a series of six Paris Symphonies. His Farewell Symphony was composed when he took leave of Prince Esterhazy, but he is perhaps better known for another oratorio that depicts the birth of the world as described in the Book of Genesis. The composer of the Miracle, Military, Surprise, and Clock symphonies, for 10 points, identify this Austrian composer of the oratorio The Creation and the London Symphonies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 266 ], [ 267, 466 ], [ 467, 600 ], [ 601, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Golgi} apparatus/body/dictyosome/complex", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "PAPs are involved in the sulfation of certain molecules with the help of sulfotransferases located in this organelle, and it protects against apoptosis with a protein located within it, GAAP.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Golgi_apparatus", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550e047", "qanta_id": 29428, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "PAPs are involved in the sulfation of certain molecules with the help of sulfotransferases located in this organelle, and it protects against apoptosis with a protein located within it, GAAP. The cisternal maturation model attempts to explain the movement of molecules in this organelle, where GAG disaccharides are used to produce proteoglycans. Its trans face can produce exocytotic, secretory, or lysosomal vesicles, which contain modified molecules. Also having a cis face, for 10 points, name this organelle in which macromolecules are packaged after synthesis in ER, named after an Italian physician.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 346 ], [ 347, 453 ], [ 454, 606 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{neutrinos} [accept {antineutrinos} in the first sentence]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Clyde Cowan et. al. won the 1995 Nobel Prize for their discovery of these particles by shooting them into protons, producing neutrons and positrons.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutrino", "proto_id": "54769930ea23cca90550e04c", "qanta_id": 29433, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Clyde Cowan et. al. won the 1995 Nobel Prize for their discovery of these particles by shooting them into protons, producing neutrons and positrons. The Super-Kamiokande is an observatory built for the detection of these particles. They were first proposed by Wolfgang Pauli to preserve conservations of energy and momentum in beta decay. Although the Standard Model assumes that they are massless, their namesake oscillation between their flavors requires them to have mass. Coming in the electron, muon, and tau varieties, for 10 points, identify these particles with zero charge that rarely react with matter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 231 ], [ 232, 338 ], [ 339, 475 ], [ 476, 612 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilytch {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His Piano Concerto No. 3 was originally intended to be a symphony but was published as a one-movement Allegro brillante posthumously.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e061", "qanta_id": 29454, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His Piano Concerto No. 3 was originally intended to be a symphony but was published as a one-movement Allegro brillante posthumously. He wrote an un-numbered Manfred Symphony between his 4th and 5th, and his 7th was left unfinished at his death. The opening 36-bar Andante introduction is marked sempre marcatissimo in his Serenade for Strings, and his visit to Rome inspired his Capriccio italien. Using part of La Marseillaise in one piece that often uses canons at the end, this is, for 10 points, what Russian composer of the 1812 Overture and Symphony No. 6, Pathetique?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 245 ], [ 246, 398 ], [ 399, 576 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alexander {Hamilton}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He was the only man from New York to have signed the Constitution.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Hamilton", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e073", "qanta_id": 29472, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was the only man from New York to have signed the Constitution. During the American Revolution, he eventually got promoted to being George Washington's Chief of Staff after having been a prominent officer in the New York militia. He helped to found the Coast Guard and the US Mint while serving as Secretary of the Treasury. He wrote that governors should be appointed by the president in the Federalist Papers, which he wrote with John Jay and James Madison. For 10 points, identify this man who was killed during a duel with Aaron Burr in New Jersey in 1804.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 232 ], [ 233, 327 ], [ 328, 462 ], [ 463, 563 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "James {Monroe}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This politician was appointed Minister to France in 1794 and was able to secure the release of Thomas Paine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Monroe", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e089", "qanta_id": 29494, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This politician was appointed Minister to France in 1794 and was able to secure the release of Thomas Paine. With Pinckney, this politician attempted to negotiate a treaty with Britain over impressments as a renewal of the Jay Treaty. He sent Andrew Jackson to terminate the conflict in Florida in 1817 and saw the US gain that territory by terms of the Adams-Onis Treaty, negotiated by his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams. Overseeing the Era of Good Feelings, for 10 points, identify this US President who has a namesake doctrine that forbid further colonization in the Western Hemisphere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 234 ], [ 235, 429 ], [ 430, 596 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Venus", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This celestial body has two clusters of volcanoes called the Ishtar Terra and the Aphrodite Terra.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venus", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e091", "qanta_id": 29502, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This celestial body has two clusters of volcanoes called the Ishtar Terra and the Aphrodite Terra. Its tallest mountain, named Maxwell Mountain, lies in the Ishtar Terra and spews a lot of sulfur compounds and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It is the only planet in the Solar System that has true retrograde motion. It has the highest albedo of all planets in the solar system due to its thick atmosphere, which also leads to runaway greenhouse effect. For 10 points, name this hottest planet, the second closest to the Sun.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 245 ], [ 246, 320 ], [ 321, 457 ], [ 458, 529 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Aristotle", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He introduced the concepts of dynamis and entelecheia as potentiality and actuality, and founded the Peripatetic school.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristotle", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e094", "qanta_id": 29505, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He introduced the concepts of dynamis and entelecheia as potentiality and actuality, and founded the Peripatetic school. He claims that the namesake entity is dynamic and comes before family and individual in Politics, and examined ethos, pathos, and logos in Rhetoric. He proposed telos, or the final cause, as the purpose or end of something, along with three other causes that explained changes in nature. Stating that tragedy is supposed to invoke catharsis in one work, this is, for 10 points, what ancient Greek philosopher, author of Poetics and Nicomachean Ethics, and teacher of Alexander the Great?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 269 ], [ 270, 408 ], [ 409, 608 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Emperor {Napoleon} I ({Bonaparte}) [accept either part]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He served as a Major of Artillery during the Siege of Toulon and was promoted to brigadier-general afterwards.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Napoleon", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e0a8", "qanta_id": 29525, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He served as a Major of Artillery during the Siege of Toulon and was promoted to brigadier-general afterwards. Later, he conquered the Papal States after the Battle of the Bridge of Arcole. His Egyptian expedition saw a decisive victory for him at the Battle of Embabeh but a disastrous defeat at the hands of Horatio Nelson at the Battle of the Nile. The Battle of Borodino forced back the Grande Arm\u00e9e of \u2013 for 10 points \u2013 what French emperor whose Hundred Days came to an end with a final exile to Saint Helena after his last defeat at Waterloo?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 189 ], [ 190, 351 ], [ 352, 548 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "(Achille-)Claude {Debussy}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He composed a danced poem for orchestra titled Jeux. His only completed opera was titled Pelleas and Melisande.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e0b9", "qanta_id": 29542, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He composed a danced poem for orchestra titled Jeux. His only completed opera was titled Pelleas and Melisande. One of his suites includes such pieces as The Snow is Dancing and Golliwogg's Cakewalk and is called Children's Corner. Some of his more well-known pieces include Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun and a suite that includes some waves playing and the wind having a dialogue with the titular entity. For ten points, identify this French impressionist composer of the suite La Mer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 231 ], [ 232, 410 ], [ 411, 491 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{viscosity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One form of this property is divided by thermal diffusivity in expression of the Prandtl number.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e0cb", "qanta_id": 29560, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One form of this property is divided by thermal diffusivity in expression of the Prandtl number. When this property's value equals zero, the Navier-Stokes equations simplify into Euler's equations, and the Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to this property. Its kinematic variety is measured in stokes, while its dynamic variety is measured in poise. Newtonian fluids have a constant value of, for 10 points, what measure of a fluid's resistance to flow?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 271 ], [ 272, 364 ], [ 365, 468 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{glaciers} (accept {ice caps} or {ice sheets} or equivalents before {paternoster})", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The absence of these features can cause isostatic rebound. These features create paternoster lakes and parallel ones are responsible for ar\u00eates.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glacier", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e0d1", "qanta_id": 29566, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The absence of these features can cause isostatic rebound. These features create paternoster lakes and parallel ones are responsible for ar\u00eates. These features also create kames, which often form with kettle lakes. These features often form from firn in cirques and their retreat creates eskers and drumlins and leaves moraine. For 10 points, name these features that can be tidewater, alpine, or continental, slow-moving rivers of ice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 214 ], [ 215, 327 ], [ 328, 436 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Stephen {Crane}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this man, several men on a beach do nothing to help a lifeboat carrying a correspondent and an oiler.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stephen_Crane", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e0d5", "qanta_id": 29570, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this man, several men on a beach do nothing to help a lifeboat carrying a correspondent and an oiler. In addition to \"The Open Boat,\" this author wrote a novel in which Pete becomes the title character's lover before she becomes a prostitute and another novel in which wavering troops are led in battle by Wilson and Henry Fleming, who receives the titular wound from a rifle butt. For 10 points, name this author of Maggie: A Girl of The Streets and The Red Badge of Courage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 396 ], [ 397, 439 ], [ 440, 491 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sergei {Prokofiev}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's first symphony is nicknamed \"Classical\" for paying homage to Mozart, and he composed the score for the film Alexander Nevsky.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e0d7", "qanta_id": 29572, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's first symphony is nicknamed \"Classical\" for paying homage to Mozart, and he composed the score for the film Alexander Nevsky. One of his operas has the witch Fata Morganna cause a prince to be enamored of fruit, The Love for Three Oranges. Another of his works contains a \"troika\" the Lieutenant Kije Suite. In one of his works, the bassoon represents the title character's grandfather. For ten points, identify this composer of Peter and the Wolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 250 ], [ 251, 318 ], [ 319, 397 ], [ 398, 459 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Alexander} the Great [or {Alexander} III of {Macedon}({ia}) or {Alexander} of {Macedon}({ia}); prompt on {Alexander}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's first major victory was at the Battle of the Granicus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e0de", "qanta_id": 29579, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's first major victory was at the Battle of the Granicus. This man's father defeated the Sacred Band at Charonea, while Bessus murdered this man's nemesis after the Battle of Gaugamela and he won the Battle of Issus, defeating Darius III. This man was also tutored by Aristotle and legendarily cut the Gordian knot. For 10 points, name this Argeadian Macedonian king who laid the foundations for Hellenistic civilization with his vast conquests in the Middle East.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 246 ], [ 247, 323 ], [ 324, 472 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Richard {Wagner}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This designer of the Bayreuth [BYE-royt] Festival Theater included the \"Liebestod\" aria in Tristan and Isolde, and he composed a wedding march for Lohengrin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Wagner", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e0f2", "qanta_id": 29599, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This designer of the Bayreuth [BYE-royt] Festival Theater included the \"Liebestod\" aria in Tristan and Isolde, and he composed a wedding march for Lohengrin. His four-part opera cycle follows Siegfried and Brunnhilde, beginning with The Rhine Gold and ending with Gotterdamerung, or Twilight of the Gods. For 10 points, name this German Romantic composer of The Ring of the Nibelung, which includes the \"Ride of the Valkyries\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 304 ], [ 305, 427 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{mitochondria} [or {mitochondrion}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Decreased motor skills appear when Leigh's disease mutates this structure and copper accumulates in the liver when Wilson's disease mutates it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e0ff", "qanta_id": 29612, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Decreased motor skills appear when Leigh's disease mutates this structure and copper accumulates in the liver when Wilson's disease mutates it. This structure will release cytochrome c during apoptosis, is inwardly lined with cristae, and is the site of the Krebs cycle. For 10 points, name this organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and generates the supply of ATP, which explains its nickname, the powerhouse of the cell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 270 ], [ 271, 438 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "\u201cThe {Waste Land}\u201d", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The speaker of this poem quotes Baudelaire in calling Stetson a \"hypocrite lecteur\" after he is shown a series of tarot cards by Madame Sostris, while in A Game of Chess, Albert's speech upon returning is interspersed with the line \"hurry up please it's time.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Waste_Land", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e101", "qanta_id": 29614, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The speaker of this poem quotes Baudelaire in calling Stetson a \"hypocrite lecteur\" after he is shown a series of tarot cards by Madame Sostris, while in A Game of Chess, Albert's speech upon returning is interspersed with the line \"hurry up please it's time.\" What the Thunder Said ends with \"Shantih Shantih Shantih,\" and this poem's section The Fire Sermon includes Tiresias. For 10 points, name this poem that begins, \"April is the cruelest month,\" written by T.S. Eliot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 259 ], [ 259, 378 ], [ 379, 475 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Things Fall Apart}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel's protagonist is exiled for seven years when the accidental explosion of his gun kills a dead man's son, and that protagonist's son later converts to Christianity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Things_Fall_Apart", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e10c", "qanta_id": 29625, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel's protagonist is exiled for seven years when the accidental explosion of his gun kills a dead man's son, and that protagonist's son later converts to Christianity. This novel's sequel, centering on the protagonist's descendants, is No Longer at Ease, and the protagonist, known for being the best wrestler in Umuofia, takes part in the ritual killing of the boy Ikemefuna. For 10 points, name this novel about Nwoye's father Okonkwo, a work of Chinua Achebe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 383 ], [ 384, 469 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Leonhard {Euler}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This mathematician was the first to provide the solution pi squared over six to the Basel problem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e10e", "qanta_id": 29627, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This mathematician was the first to provide the solution pi squared over six to the Basel problem. DeMoivre's formula is a generalized form of one this man's most famous formulae, and his namesake characteristic is two for any convex polyhedral. His solution to the K\u00f6nigsberg Bridge Problem created the field of graph theory. For ten points, name this Swiss mathematician whose name lends itself to the number e.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 245 ], [ 246, 326 ], [ 327, 413 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first movement of this composer's Serenade for Strings in C is labeled \"Pezzo in sonatina form.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e10f", "qanta_id": 29628, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first movement of this composer's Serenade for Strings in C is labeled \"Pezzo in sonatina form.\" He wrote Variations on a Rococo Theme for cello and his only unnumbered symphony was based on Byron's Manfred. His second symphony is nicknamed \"Little Russian\" and his sixth is also known as \"Pathetique.\" For 10 points, name this composer who included \"Trepak\" and \"Waltz of the Flowers\" in his ballet The Nutcracker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 211 ], [ 212, 306 ], [ 307, 419 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Gustavus Adolphus} the Great [or Gustavus II; or Gustav II Adolf den Store]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man created leagues known as the Corpus Bellicum and the Corpus Evangelicum.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e11a", "qanta_id": 29639, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man created leagues known as the Corpus Bellicum and the Corpus Evangelicum. He made peace with his cousin Sigismund III, and he won the Battle of Lech. This member of the house of Vasa defeated the Count of Tilly at the Battle of Breitenfeld, and his chancellor was Axel Oxenstierna. He was sometimes known as the \"Lion of the North,\" and he died at the Battle of Lutzen. For 10 points, name this king who led Sweden at the start of the Thirty Years' War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 157 ], [ 158, 289 ], [ 290, 377 ], [ 378, 461 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Anton Pavlovich {Chekhov}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, Tusenbach dies in a duel fought over one of the title characters, and in another, Lopakhin buys the title property, which had been managed by Gaev for Madame Ranevsky.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton_Chekhov", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e11d", "qanta_id": 29642, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's works, Tusenbach dies in a duel fought over one of the title characters, and in another, Lopakhin buys the title property, which had been managed by Gaev for Madame Ranevsky. This author of Three Sisters also wrote a play in which the title character works on the estate of his niece Sonya, and this author of The Cherry Orchard told of Konstantin's love for Nina and his suicide in The Seagull. For 10 points, name this Russian playwright of Uncle Vanya.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 416 ], [ 417, 476 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John {Steinbeck}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about his cross country trip in a camper named Rocinante with his poodle in Travels With Charley.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Steinbeck", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e12c", "qanta_id": 29657, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about his cross country trip in a camper named Rocinante with his poodle in Travels With Charley. In another work by this author Coyotito is shot and the titular object is thrown into the sea by Kino. In addition to The Pearl, this author wrote a novella about the migrant workers George and Lennie and another work in which the Joad family leaves Oklahoma. For 10 points, name this author of Of Mice and Men and The Grapes Of Wrath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 218 ], [ 219, 375 ], [ 376, 451 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Great Expectations}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, one character kills the protagonist's older sister with a hammer, while Herbert Pocket teaches that protagonist to be a gentleman while he is living in London using money given to him by the enemy of Compeyson and arranged for him by the lawyer Mr. Jaggers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Great_Expectations", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e13e", "qanta_id": 29675, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, one character kills the protagonist's older sister with a hammer, while Herbert Pocket teaches that protagonist to be a gentleman while he is living in London using money given to him by the enemy of Compeyson and arranged for him by the lawyer Mr. Jaggers. In this novel, in return for the protagonist's kindness, the convict Abel Magwitch gives him a fortune, and Estella is raised to break hearts by Miss Havisham. For 10 points, name this novel about Pip by Charles Dickens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 272 ], [ 273, 432 ], [ 433, 493 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{echinoderms} [or {echinodermata}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This phylum's skeleton is composed of miniscule networks of calcium carbonate known as stereom.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Echinoderm", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e144", "qanta_id": 29681, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This phylum's skeleton is composed of miniscule networks of calcium carbonate known as stereom. These animals possess ampullae in their tube feet, which is part of their water vascular system used for feeding, moving, and breathing. Examples of this phylum include class Asteroidea. The only deuterostome phylum other than the Chordates, for 10 points, name this phylum which includes sea urchins, starfish, and sand dollars.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 232 ], [ 233, 282 ], [ 283, 425 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "pendulum", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A double one of these devices exhibits chaotic motion. Bullet speed can be calculated with a \"ballistic\" one of these devices, while a \"physical\" one has a massive rod.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pendulum", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e150", "qanta_id": 29693, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A double one of these devices exhibits chaotic motion. Bullet speed can be calculated with a \"ballistic\" one of these devices, while a \"physical\" one has a massive rod. The one of Foucault's demonstrated that the earth rotated, and it is helpful to use the approximation sin theta equals theta for problems involving this system. Exhibiting simple harmonic motion, for 10 points, name this device, the simplest of which is a bob at the end of a string.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 329 ], [ 330, 452 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Arabian Nights} [{also} accept One {Thousand} and One {Nights} before \u201c{1001}\u201d is mentioned]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first French translation of this work was by Antoine Galland, and an uncensored Victorian English version was produced by Richard Burton.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Thousand_and_One_Nights", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e153", "qanta_id": 29696, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first French translation of this work was by Antoine Galland, and an uncensored Victorian English version was produced by Richard Burton. One character in this work eats from a giant bird hatchling after his crew breaks its egg and then sees its mother destroy his ships, and another story in it features a cave used by forty thieves. Told to King Shahryar by Scheherezade to delay her execution, this is, for 10 points, what set of 1001 tales featuring characters like Ali Baba and Aladdin?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 338 ], [ 339, 495 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edgar Allan {Poe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote about \"a tintinnabulation that so musically wells\" in \"The Bells.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edgar_Allan_Poe", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e16b", "qanta_id": 29720, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote about \"a tintinnabulation that so musically wells\" in \"The Bells.\" At the end of a short story by this author, a man is sealed in by Montresor after being lured with the promise of the title wine, while in another a certain structure falls into the tarn next to it when Madeline and Roderick die. In another poem, the narrator hears \"some visitor...tapping at my chamber door;\" that visitor repeatedly says \"Nevermore.\" For 10 points, identify this author of \"The Fall of the House of Usher\" and \"The Raven.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 311 ], [ 312, 434 ], [ 435, 523 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Saint {Augustine} of Hippo", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Book 3 of one of this man's works states \"To Carthage I came\" and describes his studies there, and he blames pagans for the world's problems in another.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Augustine_of_Hippo", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e170", "qanta_id": 29725, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Book 3 of one of this man's works states \"To Carthage I came\" and describes his studies there, and he blames pagans for the world's problems in another. This man describes how he followed Manichaeism for nine years in one work, and Book 9 of that work mentions the death of this man's mother Monica. This author of City of God was baptized by Saint Ambrose of Milan. For 10 points, name this fifth century Roman saint who described his youthful sins and later conversion in his Confessions.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 299 ], [ 300, 366 ], [ 367, 490 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Gibbs} free energy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity divided by surface area is equal to surface tension.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gibbs_free_energy", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e171", "qanta_id": 29726, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity divided by surface area is equal to surface tension. For a redox reaction, this quantity is defined as the Faraday constant times the number of moles of electrons times the electric potential, and negative values of this quantity indicate that a reaction is spontaneous. Defined as the change in enthalpy minus the product of temperature and change in entropy, for 10 points, name this thermodynamic quantity symbolized G, a measure of available useful work in a system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 284 ], [ 285, 484 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Constantin {Brancusi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man completed White Negress, and he was also known for such outdoor sculptures as Table of Silence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e173", "qanta_id": 29728, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man completed White Negress, and he was also known for such outdoor sculptures as Table of Silence. He also designed a funerary pillar at Targu Jiu which stands nearly a hundred feet tall, the Endless Column. He is perhaps more famous for extremely phallic sculptures such as Princess X, and he made a large number of copies of his Sleeping Muse. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space series.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 213 ], [ 214, 351 ], [ 352, 419 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ren\u00e9 {Descartes}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this man considers the possibility of being deceived by an evil demon, and this man who believed that the soul resides in the pineal gland names a mind-body dualism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e187", "qanta_id": 29748, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man considers the possibility of being deceived by an evil demon, and this man who believed that the soul resides in the pineal gland names a mind-body dualism. This author of Meditations on First Philosophy wrote a work concerned with principles of skepticism that identified the one statement he knew without doubt, Discourse on Method. For 10 points, name this philosopher who gives his name to the rectangular coordinate system and penned the phrase \"Cogito ergo sum.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 355 ], [ 356, 489 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Daniel {Defoe} [accept Daniel {Foe}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this man recounts a 1665 epidemic, while the title character of another of this man's works escapes execution by \"pleading her belly\" and marries her brother.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Daniel_Defoe", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e188", "qanta_id": 29749, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man recounts a 1665 epidemic, while the title character of another of this man's works escapes execution by \"pleading her belly\" and marries her brother. In addition to A Journal of the Plague Year and Moll Flanders, he wrote about a man who works as a planter in Brazil before taking to the sea and finding himself stranded on an island with a number of cannibals, including one he calls Friday. For 10 points, name this author of Robinson Crusoe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 413 ], [ 414, 465 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Gioacchino {Rossini}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's operas include Semiramide and Tancredi. In one of his operas, Ninetta is accused of stealing a spoon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gioachino_Rossini", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e1a0", "qanta_id": 29773, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's operas include Semiramide and Tancredi. In one of his operas, Ninetta is accused of stealing a spoon. In another, the title character shoots an apple off the head of his son Jemmy. Besides writing The Thieving Magpie and William Tell, he composed the aria \"Largo al Factotum\" for an opera in which Count Almaviva marries Rosina with the help of Figaro. For ten points, name this composer of The Barber of Seville.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 196 ], [ 197, 368 ], [ 369, 429 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Thoth", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Some sources conflate this god with the lunar god Khonsu. Also known as Djehuty and Hermes Trismegistus, he restored Horus' eye, and his cult was centered at Hermopolis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thoth", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e1a9", "qanta_id": 29782, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some sources conflate this god with the lunar god Khonsu. Also known as Djehuty and Hermes Trismegistus, he restored Horus' eye, and his cult was centered at Hermopolis. This god served as a mediator and also wrote the Book of the Dead. His consort was Ma'at, and at the judgment of the dead, he stood beside the scales and took down the result. For 10 points, name this powerful Egyptian god of magic, wisdom, and writing often represented as a baboon or an ibis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 236 ], [ 237, 345 ], [ 346, 464 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "King {Henry VIII} of England (accept {Henry} after \"{eighth}\"; prompt on it before)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "For writing Defense of the Seven Sacraments, this ruler was given the title \"Defender of the Faith.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_VIII_of_England", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e1ab", "qanta_id": 29784, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For writing Defense of the Seven Sacraments, this ruler was given the title \"Defender of the Faith.\" This ruler followed the advice of Thomas Cromwell to pass the Acts of Supremacy and arrested Cardinal Wolsey. After being refused an annulment, he founded the Church of England. For 10 points, Anne of Cleves, Jane Seymour, Catherine of Aragon, and Anne Boleyn were some of the six wives of what English king, the eighth of his name?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 210 ], [ 211, 278 ], [ 279, 433 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Great Gatsby}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel's narrator reads a schedule in a copy of Hopalong Cassidy, and its protagonist does business with Meyer Wolfsheim. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Great_Gatsby", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e233", "qanta_id": 29920, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel's narrator reads a schedule in a copy of Hopalong Cassidy, and its protagonist does business with Meyer Wolfsheim. This novel's characters frequently drive under the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg. A golfer named Jordan Baker tells the narrator about the protagonist's love for a character who runs over Myrtle Wilson. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by Nick Carraway about the title character's love for Daisy Buchanan, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 127, 205 ], [ 206, 326 ], [ 327, 468 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Great Gatsby}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The narrator of this work assumes one character is a dentist because his buttons are made of human molars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Great_Gatsby", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e234", "qanta_id": 29921, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The narrator of this work assumes one character is a dentist because his buttons are made of human molars. In it, one character is rebuked by Michaelis for seeing the eyes of God in a billboard of T.J. Eckelburg, while another character cries over a pile of [*] colorful shirts, and is a friend to the golfer Jordan Baker. Few people attend the title character's funeral after George Wilson kills him and Wilson's wife Myrtle is run over by the idealized Daisy Buchanan. For 10 points, name this book narrated by Nick Carraway, a 1925 Jazz Age novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 322 ], [ 323, 470 ], [ 471, 573 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Great Gatsby}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, one of few people to attend the funeral of a man mentored by Dan Cody is known as Owl-Eyes, and the narrator encounters a man with molars for cufflinks who was involved in fixing the 1919 World Series.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Great_Gatsby", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e238", "qanta_id": 29925, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, one of few people to attend the funeral of a man mentored by Dan Cody is known as Owl-Eyes, and the narrator encounters a man with molars for cufflinks who was involved in fixing the 1919 World Series. The mechanic Wilson is among those watched by the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleberg, and Wilson's wife Myrtle is killed by Daisy Buchanan. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by Nick Carraway about his friend, the former James Gatz, by F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 217, 348 ], [ 349, 470 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Great Gatsby}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The title character is visited by Henry Palmetto, who kills himself with a train, and Ripley Snell, whose right hand was run over by Ulysses Swett's automobile.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Great_Gatsby", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e239", "qanta_id": 29926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title character is visited by Henry Palmetto, who kills himself with a train, and Ripley Snell, whose right hand was run over by Ulysses Swett's automobile. Francis Cugat designed the cover for this novel that features a gypsy who moves her hand like a Frisco. One character plays \"ONE THINGS' FOR SURE AND NOTHING'S SURER / THE RICH GET RICHER AND THE POOR GET CHILDREN,\" a song called \"The Love Nest,\" while another reads The Rise and Fall of the Colored Empires. That reader breaks the nose of his mistress when they discuss whether she has any right to say his wife's name, where the McGees are in attendance and the narrator gets drunk for the second time in his life. Another character in this novel wears cuff links made of molars and rigs the 1919 World Series. For ten points, West Egg is the partial setting of what Nick Carraway narrated Jazz Age novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 264 ], [ 265, 318 ], [ 318, 320 ], [ 321, 328 ], [ 329, 337 ], [ 338, 374 ], [ 374, 469 ], [ 470, 677 ], [ 678, 773 ], [ 774, 891 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Alzheimer's} disease", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Free radical peroxidation of apolipoprotein E has been linked to this disease and the drug Namenda treats its symptoms by acting as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alzheimer's_disease", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e269", "qanta_id": 29974, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Free radical peroxidation of apolipoprotein E has been linked to this disease and the drug Namenda treats its symptoms by acting as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. It has recently been discovered that individuals possessing a single mutated copy of the APP (*) gene are resistant to this disease. It is commonly associated with the presence of abnormal microtubule-associated tau proteins which form neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid aggregates. For 10 points, name this neurodegenerative disease associated with memory loss and dementia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 309 ], [ 310, 465 ], [ 466, 558 ] ], "tournament": "FICHTE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Charles-Camille {Saint}-{Sa\u00ebns}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He made an opera about Henry VIII, and an early film score for The Assassination of the Duke of Guise.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Camille_Saint-Sa\u00ebns", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e280", "qanta_id": 29997, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He made an opera about Henry VIII, and an early film score for The Assassination of the Duke of Guise. One of his violin concertos uses Cuban rhythms, the Havanaise, and his symphonies include one nicknamed for an instrument in two of its sections, the (*) pipe organ. One of his works uses a poem by Henri Cazalis beginning \"Zig, zig, zig\", while another contains the movements \"Royal March of the Lion\" and \"The Swan\". For 10 points, name this composer of Danse Macabre and The Carnival of the Animals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 268 ], [ 269, 420 ], [ 421, 504 ] ], "tournament": "FICHTE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "centaurs", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of them shared his name with the husband of the Oceanid Electra and father of the harpies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Centaur", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e2b3", "qanta_id": 30048, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of them shared his name with the husband of the Oceanid Electra and father of the harpies. Another of them fell off a cliff and impaled himself on an ash-tree, and a female one killed herself to join in death her husband (*) Cyllarus. In addition to Dictys, one of them possessed a jar of wine which indirectly led to the another being struck by an arrow poisoned with Hydra blood. Battlers of the Lapiths, for 10 points, name this race of beings including Pholus, Nessus, and Chiron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 238 ], [ 239, 385 ], [ 386, 488 ] ], "tournament": "FICHTE", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Cyrus II} or {Cyrus} the {Great}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Berosus argues that this man died while fighting Dahae archers, but he may have died against Queen Tomyris.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cyrus_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e31d", "qanta_id": 30154, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Berosus argues that this man died while fighting Dahae archers, but he may have died against Queen Tomyris. Advised by Harpagus, he fought against Croesus at Thymbra and at Sardis, but this son of Mandane was also able to defeat Nabonidus, thus ending the Babylonian Empire. This ender of the Babylonian Captivity squared off against the Median and Lydian Empire, has a namesake Cylinder discussing how he pleased Marduk, For ten points, name this Achaemenid Empire founder that began the Persian Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 274 ], [ 275, 421 ], [ 422, 504 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Inflation", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Robert Gordon's triangle model analyses three reasons why this phenomenon occurs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inflation", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e320", "qanta_id": 30157, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Robert Gordon's triangle model analyses three reasons why this phenomenon occurs. One variety of it arises when there is a there is a numerical difference between aggregate demand and aggregate supply. This concept and unemployment are linked in the Philips Curve. Coming in cost-push and demand-pull varieties, monetarism believes it to be caused by increases in the money supply. For ten points, name this economic whose hyper variety currently exists in Zimbabwe because they are drastically increasing the supply of money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 201 ], [ 202, 266 ], [ 266, 384 ], [ 384, 528 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Guiseppe {Verdi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his arias is \"God, you could have lashed at me\" and he set Count Moor in Saxony in his opera The Bandits.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Verdi", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e330", "qanta_id": 30173, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his arias is \"God, you could have lashed at me\" and he set Count Moor in Saxony in his opera The Bandits. After his first opera Oberto, he completed requiems for Manzoni and his compatriot Gioacchino Rossini. This composer of The Force of Destiny and The Sicilian Vespers created Sparafucile and Gilda. Beyond composing Don Carlos, he depicted Radames and the titular princess being buried alive. For ten points, name this Italian composer of Don Carlos, Falstaff, Rigoletto, and Aida.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 217 ], [ 217, 312 ], [ 312, 407 ], [ 407, 495 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Aaron {Copland}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He won an Academy Award for The Heiress on his fourth nomination.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aaron_Copland", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e332", "qanta_id": 30175, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He won an Academy Award for The Heiress on his fourth nomination.\u00a0 Among his Socialist-themed works were Into The Street May First and an article about proletarian music for The New Masses.\u00a0 His symphonies include a Short Symphony and an Organ Symphony, and Something Wild and his Clarinet Concerto showed jazz influences.\u00a0 His ballets include Hear Ye, Hear Ye!, a satire of the American judicial system, and several more famous works.\u00a0 For ten points, name this American composer of Billy The Kid, Rodeo, and Appalachian Spring,\u00a0 as well as the Fanfare for the Common Man.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 67, 120 ], [ 121, 191 ], [ 191, 324 ], [ 324, 352 ], [ 353, 437 ], [ 437, 573 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edward Franklin {Albee} III", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, Bernie's friend Jack tries to get the title character into a hospital for white people only, and in another Leslie and Sarah as two lizards dissatisfied with their life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Albee", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e344", "qanta_id": 30193, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, Bernie's friend Jack tries to get the title character into a hospital for white people only, and in another Leslie and Sarah as two lizards dissatisfied with their life. He wrote of women named A, B, C, who are the same person. This author also wrote a play where games like humiliate the hosts and bringing up baby are played George and Martha. For ten points, name this author of The Death of Bessie Smith, Seascape, Three Tall Women, and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 258 ], [ 259, 376 ], [ 377, 503 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Greece} or ({Hellenic Republic})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's poetry include and The Deck Diary and Diary of an Invisible April.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Greece", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e348", "qanta_id": 30197, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's poetry include and The Deck Diary and Diary of an Invisible April. One author from here wrote What are we waiting for, assembled in the forum? in Waiting for the Barbarians. Another author from here described Judas calling Jesus Christ a traitor all humans, and a novel about Madame Hortense's lover, Zorba the miner. For ten points, name this country home to Constantine Cavafy and Nikos Kazantzakis..", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 157 ], [ 158, 188 ], [ 189, 332 ], [ 333, 417 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Mayans} (accept stuff like {Maya peoples})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Zaculeu was a capital for a subset of this group, who was ruled by Kaibil B'alam and called the Mam people.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maya_civilization", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e366", "qanta_id": 30227, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Zaculeu was a capital for a subset of this group, who was ruled by Kaibil B'alam and called the Mam people. One dynasty that ruled it was founded by K'uk' B'alam who fathered a ruler called \"11 Rabbit.\" Chan Bahlum II, the son of Pecal the Great was another ruler. Pedro de Alvarado conquered Tecun Uman in their decline. The Pyramid of the Soothsayer at Uxmal illustrates their architecture. For ten points, name this Mesoamerican civilization known for their calendar and Chichen Itza.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 202 ], [ 203, 264 ], [ 265, 321 ], [ 322, 392 ], [ 393, 487 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "superconductors", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Kondo effect gives a key characteristic that these materials.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Superconductivity", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e398", "qanta_id": 30277, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Kondo effect gives a key characteristic that these materials. A London penetration depth is the distance a magnetic field penetrates in a material of this type which John Schrieffer partially explained. Their Type II variety contain Abrikosov vortices, and their defining characteristic can be modeled using Landau-Ginzberg theory. They exhibit the Meissner Effect, contain Cooper Pairs, and are subject to BCS theory. YBCO is an example of one found at high temperatures. For ten points, name these substances that have 0 resistance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 206 ], [ 207, 335 ], [ 336, 424 ], [ 424, 477 ], [ 478, 539 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Henrik {Ibsen}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this person, Consul Bernick allows a rotting, barely-floating ship to sail, but discovers later that his son was a stowaway on that boat.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henrik_Ibsen", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e3a5", "qanta_id": 30290, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this person, Consul Bernick allows a rotting, barely-floating ship to sail, but discovers later that his son was a stowaway on that boat. In another work by this writer, Doctor Stockmann tries to put out a warning about contaminated water, but his words fall on deaf ears. In addition to The Pillars of Society and An Enemy of the People, he described a syphilitic young man named Oswald who unknowingly tries to court his half sister. Another play concerns rival historians George Tessman and Eilert Lovberg and their wives, one of whom kills herself at the end with her father's pistol. For ten points, name this playwright of Ghosts and Hedda Gabler, a Norwegian.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 287 ], [ 288, 450 ], [ 451, 603 ], [ 604, 681 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Zoroastrianism} (accept {Mazdaism})", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Its calendar has its 28th day be called \"Earth\" and its 29th day \"Sacred Invocation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e3b1", "qanta_id": 30302, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its calendar has its 28th day be called \"Earth\" and its 29th day \"Sacred Invocation.\" It holds that the bottom half of the universe was the second of the seven creations and one hero of it discovers fire in a rock. That hero is Hoshang, a descendant of Gayomard. Sinners will be punished for three days in the end, as Saoshyant will square off against evil. Its follwers pray in front of Fire Temples and their dead reside in towers of silence. For ten points, name this religion whose texts like Visperard and Yasna are found in the Avesta, which relates tales about Ahura Mazda, founded by a namesake Persian prophet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 84, 214 ], [ 215, 263 ], [ 264, 358 ], [ 359, 447 ], [ 447, 621 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Bose}-{Einstein} Condensate", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This is a generalized form of the Tonks-Girardeau gas. Feschbach Resonances can be found in this gas that is at the center of the Thomas-Fermi Equation, a case of the Gross-Pitaevski Equation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bose\u2013Einstein_condensate", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e3b2", "qanta_id": 30303, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This is a generalized form of the Tonks-Girardeau gas. Feschbach Resonances can be found in this gas that is at the center of the Thomas-Fermi Equation, a case of the Gross-Pitaevski Equation. Sometimes formed using rubidium, Cornell and Wiemann first synthesized this double-eponymous material. For ten points, name this state of matter cooled to extremely low temperatures, named for an Indian and German Scientist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 295 ], [ 296, 417 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "William {James}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After his study of art with William Hunt, he abandoned painting for medicine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_James", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e3bf", "qanta_id": 30316, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After his study of art with William Hunt, he abandoned painting for medicine. He moved toward pluralistic philosophy, which he expounded in early works such as The Sentiment of Rationality and The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy. His Principles of Psychology presented the idea of a stream of thought, and he suggested that the truth is a species of the good. For ten points, name this Harvard philosopher, author of Pragmatism and The Varieties of Religious Experience.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 252 ], [ 253, 382 ], [ 383, 493 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Night Watch} (accept {Company} of {Captain Frans Banning Cocq} and {Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenhurch}, but mock anyone who says that for being a showoff)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It was commissioned by 18 people, whose names appear on a shield in the background. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Night_Watch", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e3c6", "qanta_id": 30323, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It was commissioned by 18 people, whose names appear on a shield in the background. Some of them apparently didn't pay full price and only their faces appear in the background above the main figures. Both words in its name are a misnomer; the people pictured are not in fact soldiers, and the layer of soot that had landed on the painting obscured the fact that it takes place in the daytime. For ten points, name this depiction of Franz Banning Cocq and his men, a masterwork of Rembrandt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 85, 202 ], [ 202, 396 ], [ 396, 493 ] ], "tournament": "From Here To Eternity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Pictures} at an {Exhibition} [or {Pictures} of an {Exhibition}; or {Pictures} from an {Exhibition}; or {Kartinki s vystavki}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One movement of this work ends with a four-measure passage marked \"Meno mosso sempre capriccioso,\" whose final measure, marked \"poco accelerando,\" transitions into a B octave played in the bass register that begins the following movement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e3cf", "qanta_id": 30332, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One movement of this work ends with a four-measure passage marked \"Meno mosso sempre capriccioso,\" whose final measure, marked \"poco accelerando,\" transitions into a B octave played in the bass register that begins the following movement. In another movement of this work, the left hand mainly alternates between a G-sharp, D-sharp, G-sharp chord and a B, D-sharp, B chord, and the pianist plays with extreme force in a section marked \"con tutta forza.\" Another movement in this work is marked \"Allegro con brio, feroce,\" and begins with the right hand playing an F-sharp octave and a G, then a whole rest, then two F-sharp octaves and a G. In an early movement of this piece, four measures marked \"velocissimo\"\u00a0 represent the cry of a being with\u00a0deformed legs. In another movement of this piece, octave tremolos played by the left hand represent softly glowing skulls, accompanied by the left hand playing the melody that opens this piece in a minor key. That melody begins with the right hand playing the notes G, F, B-flat, C F D, C F D, B-flat, C, G, F. For 10 points, name this piano suite which includes the movements\u00a0?\u00a0\"Con mortuis in lingua mortua,\" \"Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks,\" \"The Gnome,\" and \"The Great Gate of Kiev,\" composed by\u00a0Modest Mussorgsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 238 ], [ 239, 453 ], [ 454, 640 ], [ 641, 761 ], [ 762, 955 ], [ 956, 1057 ], [ 1058, 1127 ], [ 1127, 1265 ] ], "tournament": "Gaddis II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Alexander} the {Great}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A medieval legend about this figure saw him take a dog that would float, a cat that would purify the air and a cock that would crow when it was day undersea with him in a glass sphere so that he wouldn't drown.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e419", "qanta_id": 30406, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A medieval legend about this figure saw him take a dog that would float, a cat that would purify the air and a cock that would crow when it was day undersea with him in a glass sphere so that he wouldn't drown. His sister, after losing the plant of immortal life, jumps overboard and is transformed into a mermaid at the bottom of the sea; that sister, later known as Gorgona, will destroy sailors during a storm if they do not acknowledge he still rules the world. Sometimes called \"The Two Horned One\", in Arabic traditions he was said to be a son of Darab. In Christian traditions, he supposedly entered into Heaven by grabbing on to some griffins. Another legend about this figure sees him being shown a basalt statue of his alleged father Nectanebo, and in some accounts he pulled a pin out of a relic residing in Telmissus in Phrygia. For 10 points, name this historical figure who legendarily cut the Gordian Knot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 211, 465 ], [ 466, 559 ], [ 560, 651 ], [ 652, 840 ], [ 841, 921 ] ], "tournament": "Gaddis II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Japan} [or {Nippon}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This country's women's liberation movement was jumpstarted on October 21, 1970, when female demonstrators marched through its capital carrying signs like \"A housewife and a prostitute are raccoons in the same den.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e467", "qanta_id": 30484, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's women's liberation movement was jumpstarted on October 21, 1970, when female demonstrators marched through its capital carrying signs like \"A housewife and a prostitute are raccoons in the same den.\" This country's police attacked members of the feminist Red Wave Society during a May Day parade in 1921. After World War II, this country's feminist movement was led by the National Federation of Regional Women's Organizations, while this country's Fighting Women Group was formed in the 1970s to protect abortion rights. During the 1920s, this country's New Women's Association successfully lobbied for the repeal of article five of its\u00a0Peace Police Law. This country legalized birth control pills because of protests from groups like the Pink Helmet Brigade, and feminists in this country use an system of communication outside the mass media called the minikomi. Feminists in this country often protest against the ideology of \"good wife, wise mother,\" or ? Ryosai kenbo. For 10 points, name this country which granted women's suffrage in 1945 thanks to the efforts of Fusae Ichikawa, where feminists fight against the image of women as geisha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 213, 319 ], [ 320, 536 ], [ 537, 670 ], [ 671, 880 ], [ 881, 989 ], [ 990, 1162 ] ], "tournament": "Gaddis II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Yom Kippur} [accept {Day} of {Atonement} before mentioned]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One custom associated with this holiday involves swinging a chicken around one's head, followed by its slaughtering.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yom_Kippur", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e476", "qanta_id": 30499, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One custom associated with this holiday involves swinging a chicken around one's head, followed by its slaughtering. On this holiday, one goat is dedicated to Hashem and another is sent to Azazel [uh-ZEY-zuhl]. Also on this holiday, the Book of Jonah is read during the afternoon services. The fifth service, which marks the end of this holiday, is Neilah [nuh-ee-LAH], and a prayer chanted on the Eve of this holiday declares the annulment of all unfulfilled vows made to God, and is known as the Kol Nidre. Occuring five days before Sukkot, it is marked by about 25 hours of fasting. Observed on the tenth of Tishri, for 10 points what is this Jewish \"Day of Atonement\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 210 ], [ 211, 289 ], [ 290, 508 ], [ 509, 585 ], [ 586, 672 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Great Expectations}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel meets a character obsessed with \"portable property\" who refers to his father as \"The Aged Parent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Great_Expectations", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e495", "qanta_id": 30530, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this novel meets a character obsessed with \"portable property\" who refers to his father as \"The Aged Parent.\" The main character befriends Wemmick while working in the law firm of Herbert Pocket. In one scene the protagonist is nearly killed by the blacksmith Orlick in the same place where he had earlier met a man named \"Provis\" at the beginning of the novel. Mr. Jaggers gives the protagonist money sent from his benefactor Abel Magwitch. The protagonist of this novel falls in love with Estella while visiting the spinster Miss Havisham who was abandoned on her wedding day. For 10 points, name this novel about Pip, written by Charles Dickens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 127, 214 ], [ 215, 380 ], [ 381, 460 ], [ 461, 597 ], [ 598, 667 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edgar {Degas}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this artist's works, one man reads a newspaper while the rest of the men in suits around him tend to the white material on the central table.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edgar_Degas", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e49a", "qanta_id": 30535, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this artist's works, one man reads a newspaper while the rest of the men in suits around him tend to the white material on the central table. This man painted The Young Spartans and The Cotton Exchange in New Orleans. He depicted a woman in brown with a white hat staring into space sitting beside a green drink on the table in The Absinthe Drinker. This artist also painted an old man standing with a cane in the middle of a wooden floor surrounded by girls in white tutus. For 10 points, identify this French artist of The Dance Class who was known for his depictions of ballerinas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 227 ], [ 228, 359 ], [ 360, 484 ], [ 485, 594 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "time", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work with this concept in its title suggests that the other title concept results from philosophers improperly translating the unextended into the extended.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Time", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e49d", "qanta_id": 30538, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work with this concept in its title suggests that the other title concept results from philosophers improperly translating the unextended into the extended. This concept was paired with\u00a0\"Free Will\"\u00a0in that book by Henri Bergson, which introduces the concept of \"duration.\" Another work with this concept in the title introduces Dasein [da-zyne], and holds that this concept \"reveal[s] itself as the horizon of being.\" For 10 points, name this concept paired with\u00a0\"Being\"\u00a0in a work by Martin Heidegger, which may be considered in terms of subjective past and future.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 276 ], [ 277, 421 ], [ 422, 569 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich {Hegel}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this philosopher's works supposedly contains the origin of a namesake logical method, which he called \"speculative triads.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e4a3", "qanta_id": 30544, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this philosopher's works supposedly contains the origin of a namesake logical method, which he called \"speculative triads.\" This thinker contrasted sublated qualities with an object's determinate being in his Science of Logic. This philosopher wrote a work, featuring the master-slave consciousness, about the attainment of \"Absolute Knowledge.\" This author of The Philosophy of Right is best known for creating a concept that describes how thesis and antithesis clash to form a synthesis. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who wrote The Phenomenology of Spirit and pioneered the concept of dialectics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 129, 130 ], [ 131, 233 ], [ 234, 351 ], [ 351, 352 ], [ 353, 496 ], [ 497, 619 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Robert {Schumann}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a composition about a giant coffin in which he will bury all his bad songs, which serves as the final section of his song cycle Dichterliebe.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Schumann", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e4a8", "qanta_id": 30549, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer wrote a composition about a giant coffin in which he will bury all his bad songs, which serves as the final section of his song cycle Dichterliebe. His first symphony includes a third movement scherzo originally called \"merry playmates\" and takes its title from an Adolph Boettger poem. This composer's third symphony was partially inspired by the archbishop of Cologne. This composer borrowed an E.T.A. Hoffman character for his Kreisleriana, and also wrote the piano works Carnaval and Papillons. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Spring Symphony and the Rhenish Symphony, who was married to Clara Wieck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 300 ], [ 301, 384 ], [ 385, 512 ], [ 513, 634 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{pressure}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity may assume a negative value when considering the cosmological constant, the Casimir effect, and transpiration.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pressure", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e4aa", "qanta_id": 30551, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity may assume a negative value when considering the cosmological constant, the Casimir effect, and transpiration. Hydraulic devices work because a change in this quantity in one part of an incompressible fluid is transmitted to all parts of that fluid, allowing the amplification of work, a statement known as Pascal's principle. This quantity is often measured by a manometer and is therefore sometimes given in millimeters of mercury, a unit equal to the torr. For 10 points, name this quantity, which is equal to n times R times T over V by the ideal gas law and is defined as the force exerted per unit area.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 340 ], [ 341, 473 ], [ 474, 623 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Peter Paul {Rubens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This painter depicted three men on horseback about to plunge spears into the title beast while a man tries to stab a crocodile in his Hippopotamus Hunt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_Paul_Rubens", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e4b4", "qanta_id": 30561, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This painter depicted three men on horseback about to plunge spears into the title beast while a man tries to stab a crocodile in his Hippopotamus Hunt. This artist depicted a fountain with water gushing from the breasts of a statue of Venus on the right side of his The Garden of Love. This artist included Disembarkation at Marseilles in his Marie de Medici Cycle. He painted the central panel of a triptych in The Cathedral of Our Lady in Antwerp that shows Christ being taken down after the crucifixion. For 10 points, name this Flemish painter of Descent from the Cross.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 286 ], [ 287, 366 ], [ 367, 507 ], [ 508, 575 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Thomas Stearns {Eliot}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A poem intended as a preface for this author's most famous work sees its speaker claim \"I am an old man, a dull head among windy spaces.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "T._S._Eliot", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e4b7", "qanta_id": 30564, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A poem intended as a preface for this author's most famous work sees its speaker claim \"I am an old man, a dull head among windy spaces.\" This author of \"Gerontion\" also depicted a man who asks \"do I dare to eat a peach?\" and realizes that he can \"hear the mermaids singing, each to each.\" Another of his poems features a nightingale singing \"'Jug Jug' to dirty ears\" and concludes in a section that includes the Sankrit for \"give, be merciful, control yourself\" and ends \"shantih shantih shantih.\" For 10 points, name this author of poems like \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" and \"The Waste Land.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 136, 137 ], [ 138, 289 ], [ 290, 498 ], [ 499, 604 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Erik {Erikson}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker studied Sioux children on the Pine Ridge Reservation, and he worked with Alfred Kroeber studying the Yurok Indians of California.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Erik_Erikson", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e4c4", "qanta_id": 30577, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker studied Sioux children on the Pine Ridge Reservation, and he worked with Alfred Kroeber studying the Yurok Indians of California. This thinker discusses the origin of \"militant nonviolence,\" in one work, and in another he discussed how the title figure broke from religious establishment. This author of the psychohistories Gandhi's Truth and Young Man Luther elucidated a concept regarding the loss of the continuity of \"personal sameness.\" For 10 points, identify this author of Childhood and Society, a psychologist who theorized eight stages of psychosocial development and coined the term \"identity crisis.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 301 ], [ 302, 453 ], [ 453, 625 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{distillation} [accept word forms]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A device for accomplishing one form of this process uses a pressure-equalized addition funnel instead of a revolving stand of test tubes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Distillation", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e4cd", "qanta_id": 30586, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A device for accomplishing one form of this process uses a pressure-equalized addition funnel instead of a revolving stand of test tubes. The ideal number of plates for one form of this is given by the Fenske equation and may be found graphically with the McCabe-Thiele method. That aforementioned device, called Perkin's triangle, permitted the vacuum form of this process. Its extractive form features the addition of a separation solvent to break azeotropes, and its fractional form is used for separations of less than twenty-five Kelvin. For 10 points, name this process for separating mixtures of liquids with different boiling points.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 277 ], [ 278, 374 ], [ 375, 542 ], [ 543, 641 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Christopher {Marlowe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author featured the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre and the Duke of Guise in his historical work The Massacre at Paris, and he dramatized Piers Galveston and the title king in Edward II.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Christopher_Marlowe", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e4ce", "qanta_id": 30587, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author featured the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre and the Duke of Guise in his historical work The Massacre at Paris, and he dramatized Piers Galveston and the title king in Edward II. This author wrote a work in which Ithamore betrays the title character, leaving him to defend the title location from an army of Turks. This author wrote a poem in which the narrator notes \"we will all the pleasures prove\" if the addressee would \"come live with me and be my love.\" The author of \"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love,\" for 10 points, identify this Elizabethan author of The Jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 328 ], [ 329, 473 ], [ 473, 474 ], [ 475, 615 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "St. Thomas {Aquinas}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this thinker's works is structured as a series of objection and responses, and that work introduced the \"unmoved mover\" argument.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Aquinas", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e4d7", "qanta_id": 30596, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this thinker's works is structured as a series of objection and responses, and that work introduced the \"unmoved mover\" argument. At the behest of Urban IV he wrote Against the Errors of the Greeks. This man's best known work is divided into thirty-four sections that make up three larger books titled \"Theology,\" \"Ethics\" and \"Christ.\" This man originated the \"Doctrine of Double Effect\" to motivate just war theory. This theologian studied under Albertus Magnus and he is sometimes called \"Doctor Angelicus.\" This man's best known works offers five arguments for the existence of God. For 10 points, identify this Christian theologian who wrote Summa Theologica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 205 ], [ 206, 342 ], [ 342, 343 ], [ 344, 424 ], [ 425, 517 ], [ 518, 593 ], [ 594, 671 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Madame Bovary", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel had a wife named Heloise Dubuc, who later died from a hemorrhage after that character moved to Tostes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e509", "qanta_id": 30646, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel had a wife named Heloise Dubuc, who later died from a hemorrhage after that character moved to Tostes. The protagonist of this novel meets her husband after he set her father's broken leg. The protagonist of this novel is unable to pay off debts to Monsieur Lheureux. One character in this novel is convinced Homais to perform a risky operation on the club foot of a stable boy. The protagonist of this novel carries on affairs with Leon Dupuis and Rudolphe Boulanger. Ending with the title character's suicide by swallowing arsenic, for 10 points, identify this novel about Charles and the title woman, Emma, a work by Gustave Flaubert.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 216 ], [ 217, 295 ], [ 296, 406 ], [ 407, 496 ], [ 497, 665 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Franz {Lizst}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer may have adapted the overture of his chorale Les Quatre Elements for his tone poem Les Preludes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Liszt", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e50e", "qanta_id": 30651, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer may have adapted the overture of his chorale Les Quatre Elements for his tone poem Les Preludes. This composer's \"Bagatelle without tonality\" is sometimes included in a work whose first movement is subtitled \"The Dance in the Village Inn\" and borrows its program from Nicholas Lenau's Faust. In addition to The Mephisto Waltzes, he is best known for composing a set of nineteen piano works including pieces titled \"Heroide Elegiaque\" and \"The Rakoczy March.\" For 10 points, name this piano virtuoso who wrote the Hungarian Rhapsodies.\u00a0\u00a0", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 305 ], [ 306, 472 ], [ 473, 550 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Rameses} II [or {Rameses} the {Great}, prompt on \u201c{Rameses}\u201d]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man constructed a temple at Beit el-Wali to commemorate his campaigns in Nubia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ramesses_II", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e511", "qanta_id": 30654, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man constructed a temple at Beit el-Wali to commemorate his campaigns in Nubia. This ruler signed a peace treaty with the king Hattusili III roughly fifteen years after he fought Muwatallis II\u00a0 and the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh. This son of Seti I constructed the largest tomb in the Valley of the Queens for his wife Nefertari. Ruling for sixty-six years in the thirteenth century B.C., for 10 points, identify this Egyptian pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty known for his temples at Abu Simbel and for being identified with the pharaoh in the Biblical book of Exodus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 240 ], [ 241, 340 ], [ 341, 581 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Donatello} [accept Donato {di Niccol\u00f2} di Betto Bardi]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist used perspective to show several layers of arches in his gilded bronze bas relief depicting the Feast of Herod.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Donatello", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e533", "qanta_id": 30688, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist used perspective to show several layers of arches in his gilded bronze bas relief depicting the Feast of Herod. This sculptor depicted a figure who has a wing on a piece of armor that he wears on the inside of his right leg. This artist sculpted a bald prophet in his piece Habbakuk, which acquired the nickname \"Zuccone\" meaning \"pumpkin-head.\" This man also did a sculpture showing the intellectual Erasmo de Narni sitting on a horse. One of this sculptor's works shows a prepubescent boy with long curly hair who wears a helmet. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance sculptor of the Gattamelata and the bronze David.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 236 ], [ 237, 356 ], [ 356, 448 ], [ 449, 543 ], [ 544, 638 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alexander {Hamilton}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man led a club that attempted to make Paterson, New Jersey a model industrial city called the Society for the Advancement of Useful Manufacturers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Hamilton", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e53d", "qanta_id": 30698, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man led a club that attempted to make Paterson, New Jersey a model industrial city called the Society for the Advancement of Useful Manufacturers. This author of the Continentalist Papers was replaced in his best-known job by Oliver Wolcott and Albert Gallatin and advocated the assumption of state debt and the founding of the first National Bank, and with Madison and Jay he wrote the Federalist Papers. For ten points, name this first Secretary of the Treasury, who appears on the $10 bill and was shot by Aaron Burr.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 410 ], [ 411, 525 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Ottoman} Empire [or {Osmanli Beylik}; or {Osmanli Devleti}; accept {Sublime Porte} until mention]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This empire's \"Tulip Era\" saw major reforms, and its army was modernized during the \"Auspicious Incident.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ottoman_Empire", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e540", "qanta_id": 30701, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This empire's \"Tulip Era\" saw major reforms, and its army was modernized during the \"Auspicious Incident.\" Its second most important official worked in a building called the \"Sublime Porte\" and had the title \"Grand Vizier.\" It won the Battle of Mohacs against Hungary, but was defeated by King Jan Sobieski of Poland when it tried to capture Vienna. Its leaders include one nicknamed \"the Magnificent,\" and under Mehmet II, this empire captured Constantinople in 1453 and renamed it Instanbul. For ten points, name this Islamic empire in modern-day Turkey.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 105, 223 ], [ 224, 349 ], [ 350, 493 ], [ 494, 556 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Inca} [accept equivalents that mention the {Inca} people]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This culture's deities include the moon god Coniraya and the goddess Cavillace, who bore Coniraya's child after eating some fruit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e544", "qanta_id": 30705, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This culture's deities include the moon god Coniraya and the goddess Cavillace, who bore Coniraya's child after eating some fruit. Another god of this people creates rain by shaking his jug, which contains the Milky Way. The chief god of this people brought a flood called the Unu Pachakuti and disappeared after walking across sea foam, and his children included Pachamama, Mama Quilla, and the sun god Inti. For 10 points, identify this culture who worshipped the gods Ilyapa and Viracocha, and who considered Manco Capac to be the first king of Cuzco.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 220 ], [ 221, 409 ], [ 410, 554 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Soren {Kierkegaard}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher wrote a work that opens with a dinner party where each attendee gives a demoralizing speech on love.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "S\u00f8ren_Kierkegaard", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e546", "qanta_id": 30707, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher wrote a work that opens with a dinner party where each attendee gives a demoralizing speech on love. This author of Stages on Life's Way discusses the parable of Agnes and the merman in a work that contemplates, \"Is there a teleological suspension of the ethical?\" as one of its four Problemata. He wrote a work that compares the paths of the Knight of Infinite Resignation and the Knight of Faith. This philosopher loved Regine Olsen and used the pseudonyms Johannes de Silentio and Victor Eremita. For 10 points, identify this Danish philosopher who wrote Fear and Trembling and Either-Or.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 312 ], [ 313, 415 ], [ 416, 516 ], [ 517, 608 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Charlemagne} [or Charles the {Great}; or {Carolus Magnus}; or {Karl der Grosse}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler hired Alcuin of York to promote literacy among his people.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e562", "qanta_id": 30735, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler hired Alcuin of York to promote literacy among his people. Widukind led a long guerilla war against him in Saxony. He defeated Prince Adalchis and King Desiderius when he invaded Italy to drive out the Lombards, who had been threatening the Pope. His empire was eventually split between his grandsons, who included Lothair and Charles the Bald, and this man received his greatest honor from Pope Leo III on Christmas Day. For 10 points, name this man crowned Holy Roman Emperor in the year 800, a King of the Franks who united Western Europe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 125 ], [ 126, 257 ], [ 258, 432 ], [ 433, 553 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Lord {Byron} [accept {George Gordon}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet notes \"even I regained my freedom with a sigh\" in the poem \"The Prisoner of Chillon.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lord_Byron", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e57e", "qanta_id": 30763, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet notes \"even I regained my freedom with a sigh\" in the poem \"The Prisoner of Chillon.\" This poet wrote a poem that observes, \"the Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold\" as well as a poem claiming \"all that's best of dark and bright meet in her aspect and her eyes.\"\u00a0 This poet wrote \"The Destruction of Sennacherib\" and \"She Walks in Beauty.\" This poet is best known for writing a poem about the titular Spanish figure in a seventeen-canto unfinished poem. For 10 points, name this Romantic poet who died fighting in the Greek War of Independence and wrote Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 283 ], [ 283, 358 ], [ 359, 472 ], [ 473, 613 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Berthold {Brecht}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a play in which Leocadia Begbick advertises the title location, which is the home of Fatty the Bookkeeper.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertolt_Brecht", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e582", "qanta_id": 30767, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a play in which Leocadia Begbick advertises the title location, which is the home of Fatty the Bookkeeper. In another of his plays Arkadi narrates the story of Grusha. This man worte the plays Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny and The Caucasian Chalk Circle. This author wrote about Shui Ta and the prostitute Shen Te in The Good Woman of Szechuan. Another of his plays involves Eilif, Kattrin, and Swiss Cheese, the children of Anna Fierling, who operates a canteen during the Thirty Years War. For 10 points, identify this dramatist who collaborated with Kurt Weill on The Threepenny Opera and wrote Mother Courage and Her Children.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 185 ], [ 186, 281 ], [ 282, 371 ], [ 372, 518 ], [ 519, 657 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Marcel {Duchamp}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist created a work featuring malic molds in which nine male figures lie next to a coffee grinder on the bottom half with a woman on the top.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Duchamp", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e598", "qanta_id": 30789, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist created a work featuring malic molds in which nine male figures lie next to a coffee grinder on the bottom half with a woman on the top. This artist's work Why Not Sneeze? was ostensibly created by his alter ego Rose Selavy. This artist of The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even created a work signed R. Mutt and painted a work that was called \"an explosion in a shingle factory\" at the Armory Show. For 10 points, identify this artist who painted Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 and created readymades, like a urinal called Fountain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 236 ], [ 237, 293 ], [ 294, 419 ], [ 420, 557 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Catherine} the Great [or {Catherine II}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "With the help of the Scottish Admiral Grieg, this ruler won a war against King Gustav III of Sweden.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catherine_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e599", "qanta_id": 30790, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "With the help of the Scottish Admiral Grieg, this ruler won a war against King Gustav III of Sweden. At the Battle of Chesme, this ruler's navy sank an entire Turkish fleet, resulting in the favorable Treaty of Kucuk-Kaynarca. This ruler helped make Stanislaw Poniatowski the King of Poland and had a notable advisor named Grigory Orlov. This ruler conquered the Crimean Peninsula with the help of General Potemkin and helped plan the partitions of Poland with Frederick the Great and Maria Theresa. For 10 points, name this famed tsarina of Russia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 226 ], [ 227, 337 ], [ 338, 499 ], [ 500, 549 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "ethers", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Claisen rearrangement operates on allyl vinyl examples of this functionality, a special type of which is created using a sulfur ylide in the Corey-Chaykovsky reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5ad", "qanta_id": 30810, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Claisen rearrangement operates on allyl vinyl examples of this functionality, a special type of which is created using a sulfur ylide in the Corey-Chaykovsky reaction. Some cyclic examples of this functionality are known as oxiranes, minimal examples of which result from the reaction of an alkene with mCPBA. One type of this functional group useful in phase transfer are the crown ones. Grignard reagents are stored in one member of this functional group. One synthesis of them reacts an alkyl halide with an alkoxide ion in an SN2 mechanism and is named for Williamson. Coming in a diethyl variety once used as an anaesthetic, for 10 points, name this functionality with two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 313 ], [ 314, 392 ], [ 393, 461 ], [ 462, 576 ], [ 577, 720 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Golgi} apparatus [or {Golgi body}; or {Golgi complex}; prompt on {dictyosomes}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This organelle is responsible for the production of chondroitin sulfate, a group that binds to serine residues, as it is the site of glycosaminoglycan synthesis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Golgi_apparatus", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5c6", "qanta_id": 30835, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This organelle is responsible for the production of chondroitin sulfate, a group that binds to serine residues, as it is the site of glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Retrograde transport from this organelle requires COPI [cop-one] proteins, and the spiral-shaped protein dynamin pinches vesicles off of it. Called dictyosomes in plants, they consist of stacks called cisternae. With a cis face opposite the endoplasmic reticulum and a trans face open to the cytoplasm, for 10 points, name this site of macromolecule processing, an organelle named for an Italian scientist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 240 ], [ 241, 302 ], [ 303, 373 ], [ 374, 568 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Poland}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote a novel in four parts titled after seasons about the Boryna family and Jagna entitled The Peasants.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poland", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5c8", "qanta_id": 30837, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author from this country wrote a novel in four parts titled after seasons about the Boryna family and Jagna entitled The Peasants. A work of nonfiction by a poet from this country begins with a discussion of the Murti-Bing pills in a novel entitled Insatiability by an author from this country. That nonfiction work is The Captive Mind. Another author from this country wrote a trilogy of historical novels including With Fire and Sword, as well as one that sees the victory of King Jagiello over the title group at Grunwald. That author of The Knights of the Cross is better known outside this country for a novel about Nero's Rome, Quo Vadis. For 10 points, name this home to Czes?aw Mi?osz and Henryk Sienkiewicz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 298 ], [ 299, 340 ], [ 341, 529 ], [ 530, 648 ], [ 649, 720 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Robert Browning", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At the end of one poem in this man's collection, Men and Women, the title character \"yet dauntless\" sets his slug-horn to his lips and blows.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Browning", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5ce", "qanta_id": 30843, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the end of one poem in this man's collection, Men and Women, the title character \"yet dauntless\" sets his slug-horn to his lips and blows. In addition to \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came,\" he wrote about a man who wraps Porphyria's yellow hair around her neck and strangles her. He is best known for a work in which Duke of Ferrara reflects upon a woman who had \"a heart too soon made glad, too easily impressed\" and did not appreciate the Duke's \"nine-hundred years old name.\" For 10 points, what British poet wrote dramatic monologues including \"My Last Duchess\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 286 ], [ 287, 485 ], [ 486, 573 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Rene Descartes", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man discovered a method of determining the maximum number of positive and negative roots a polynomial can have, which is known as his namesake rule of signs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5e0", "qanta_id": 30861, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man discovered a method of determining the maximum number of positive and negative roots a polynomial can have, which is known as his namesake rule of signs. He is considered to have founded analytic geometry by publishing his La Geometrie, and created the x, y, z axis notation on the standard rectangular coordinate system, which is also sometimes named for him. For 10 points, name this French mathematician and philosopher who may be better known for the statement \"I think, therefore I am.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 369 ], [ 370, 500 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Leonhard {Euler}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An equation for the loading of beams in physics is named for Daniel Bernoulli and this man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5ea", "qanta_id": 30871, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An equation for the loading of beams in physics is named for Daniel Bernoulli and this man. This man's contributions to graph theory included determining an equation to relate the number of edges, faces and vertices of a convex polyhedron, and he determined that no solution existed for the Seven Bridges of K\u00f6nigsberg problem. For 10 points, name this Swiss mathematician, who lent his name to the base of the natural logarithm, e.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 327 ], [ 328, 432 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jean-Paul {Sartre}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author, who founded the monthly review Les Temps Modernes (lay temm mah-DERNZ) with his lover and Merleau-Ponty, wrote about a scholar in Bouville who tries to distract himself from a peculiar sensation by reading Balzac and studying the Marquis de Rollebon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Paul_Sartre", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5ed", "qanta_id": 30874, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author, who founded the monthly review Les Temps Modernes (lay temm mah-DERNZ) with his lover and Merleau-Ponty, wrote about a scholar in Bouville who tries to distract himself from a peculiar sensation by reading Balzac and studying the Marquis de Rollebon. After talking with the Self-Taught Man at a caf\u00e9, that character, Antoine Roquetin, accepts that his existence is the cause of his nausea. In one play by this author, Garcin, Inez, and Estelle torture each other after their death and bring about the revelation that \"Hell is other people.\" For 10 points, what French existentialist penned Being and Nothingness and No Exit?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 263 ], [ 264, 402 ], [ 403, 553 ], [ 554, 637 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Aquinas}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "As part of this man's disagreement with Siger of Brabant, this thinker wrote \"On the Unicity of Intellect\", a tract criticizing Averroes (AV-err-OH-ess).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Aquinas", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5ee", "qanta_id": 30875, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As part of this man's disagreement with Siger of Brabant, this thinker wrote \"On the Unicity of Intellect\", a tract criticizing Averroes (AV-err-OH-ess). Despite not being Jewish, he wrote a critique of Christian heresies titled Contra Gentiles (jen-TEEL-ace), or Against the Gentiles (this time, pronounced as in English). The Second Vatican Council called this man the \"Perpetual Philosopher.\" This student of Albertus Magnus divided his major work into sections on Ethics, Christ, and Theology. For 10 points, name this Scholastic medieval theologian, the author of Summa Theologica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 323 ], [ 324, 394 ], [ 394, 497 ], [ 498, 586 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edvard Hagerup {Grieg}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer included an \"Air\" marked \"andante religioso\" as well as a \"Sarabande\" and \"Gavotte\" in his suite celebrating the playwright Ludvig Holberg.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5f0", "qanta_id": 30877, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer included an \"Air\" marked \"andante religioso\" as well as a \"Sarabande\" and \"Gavotte\" in his suite celebrating the playwright Ludvig Holberg. A timpani roll leads to an A minor chord to start the only piano concerto of this composer of Lyric Pieces. This composer wrote a movement depicting trolls in a suite that also includes \"Anitra's Dance\" and \"Morning Mood\" For 10 points, name this composer who included \"In the Hall of the Mountain King\" in his Peer Gynt Suite, a Norwegian.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 261 ], [ 262, 375 ], [ 376, 494 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Catherine} the {Great} [or {Catherine II} of Russia; or {Yekaterina Velikaya}; or {Yekaterina II}; prompt on {Catherine}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler wrote the six hundred and fifty-five article Nakaz, or instruction, for a Legislative Commission making reforms in this ruler's country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catherine_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5f5", "qanta_id": 30882, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler wrote the six hundred and fifty-five article Nakaz, or instruction, for a Legislative Commission making reforms in this ruler's country. With the help of Grigory Orlov, this ruler overthrew her husband, Peter III, to take the throne. This woman's time in power included the Pugachev rebellion. This empress took part in the partitions of Poland, and this ruler started the collection of art at the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. For 10 points, name this German-born woman who became empress of Russia in the eighteenth century.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 244 ], [ 245, 304 ], [ 305, 444 ], [ 445, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alexander {Pope}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote about a lady whose \"soul aspire above the vulgar flight of low desire\" in \"Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Pope", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e5f6", "qanta_id": 30883, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote about a lady whose \"soul aspire above the vulgar flight of low desire\" in \"Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady.\" In another work by this author, death of Elkanah Settle allows Dulness to crown Tibbald. This author wrote a satire in which the gnome Umbriel has to visit the Cave of Spleen and collect items after the sylphs are thrown into disarray by the title action, in which the Baron cuts off a lock of Belinda's hair. The Dunciad and An Essay on Man was written by, for 10 points, what author of The Rape of the Lock?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 134, 224 ], [ 225, 445 ], [ 446, 545 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Doppler} effect [or {Doppler} shift; do not accept \"{red shift}\" or \"{blue shift}\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Hippolyte Fizeau discovered this effect independently from its namesake in 1848.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e601", "qanta_id": 30894, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Hippolyte Fizeau discovered this effect independently from its namesake in 1848. In spectral lines, this effect causes a namesake \"broadening.\" In astronomy, it can be used to calculate radial velocities of neighboring galaxies. When two astronomical objects are moving away from each other, this effect produces red shift. Its applications include sonar and radar. For 10 points, name this effect in which the apparent frequency of a wave changes with the relative velocity of the observer to the source.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 142 ], [ 142, 228 ], [ 229, 323 ], [ 324, 365 ], [ 366, 505 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Langston {Hughes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's poems asks \"Can you love an eagle/ Wild or tame?\" and ends with an instruction to kill the title figure \"and let his soul run wild.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e619", "qanta_id": 30918, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's poems asks \"Can you love an eagle/ Wild or tame?\" and ends with an instruction to kill the title figure \"and let his soul run wild.\" This poet wrote that he likes Bach, bop, and Bessie in \"Theme for English B.\" Another of his works features a \"Negro\" with \"ebony hands\" playing a \"drowsy syncopated tune,\" and is called \"The Weary Blues.\" In another poem, this author wonders whether the title concept would \"stink like rotten meat\" or \"dry up like a raisin in the sun.\" For 10 points, name this poet of the Harlem Renaissance who wrote \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers\" and \"A Dream Deferred.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 231 ], [ 232, 359 ], [ 360, 491 ], [ 492, 610 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This economist wrote a Treatise on Probability, and argued against deflation policies in A Tract on Monetary Reform.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e634", "qanta_id": 30945, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This economist wrote a Treatise on Probability, and argued against deflation policies in A Tract on Monetary Reform. He criticized the Treaty of Versailles in The Economic Consequences of the Peace, and wrote about the consumption function in another work. In that work, this man proposed that a combination of tax cuts and increased government spending could counteract a depression. For 10 points, name this British economist who wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 256 ], [ 257, 384 ], [ 385, 492 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John Maxwell {Coetzee}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a recent novel by this author, Susan Barton joins Friday and Cruso on an island before trying to have the title character", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "J._M._Coetzee", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e63d", "qanta_id": 30954, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a recent novel by this author, Susan Barton joins Friday and Cruso on an island before trying to have the title character Foe write her story. The Magistrate narrates another novel by this man, in which his town is invaded by a group from the Third Bureau, led by Colonel Joll. In another work by this man, a hare-lipped gardener gardener carries his mother's ashes from Cape Town to Prince Albert. For 10 points, name this author of Waiting for the Barbarians and The Life and Times of Michael K, a Nobel laureate from South Africa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 145 ], [ 146, 280 ], [ 281, 401 ], [ 402, 536 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edward William {Elgar}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man inserted a quote from Piers Plowman into his overture called \"In a London Town.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e641", "qanta_id": 30958, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man inserted a quote from Piers Plowman into his overture called \"In a London Town.\" One of his oratorios is based on a Cardinal Newman poem. He composed the \"Cockaigne Overture\" and \"The Dream of Gerontius.\" This composer included \"E.D.U.\" as part of his finale in a set of fourteen variations that supposedly contains a hidden theme. \"Land of Hope and Glory,\" from a set of marches by this composer, is often played at graduations. For 10 points, name this English composer of the Enigma Variations and Pomp and Circumstance Marches.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 88, 146 ], [ 147, 213 ], [ 214, 342 ], [ 342, 438 ], [ 439, 540 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis {Borges} Acevedo", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author describes some fictional works of Herbert Quain and an almost-identical version of Don Quixote written by Pierre Menard.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jorge_Luis_Borges", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e656", "qanta_id": 30979, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author describes some fictional works of Herbert Quain and an almost-identical version of Don Quixote written by Pierre Menard. This author collected those stories with one about the German spy Yu Tsun, who uncovers clues about an enimga left by Ts'ui Pen, \"The Garden of the Forking Paths.\" This author also wrote about an object which reveals the entire universe when viewed, \"The Aleph,\" and about an unending hexagonal structure containing all 410 page books in every character combination conceivable, \"The Library of Babel.\" For 10 points, name this Argentine author who collected those stories in Ficciones.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 295 ], [ 295, 535 ], [ 536, 619 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Federico Garc\u00eda {Lorca}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The title character of one play by this author is a childless woman who kills her husband Juan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Federico_Garc\u00eda_Lorca", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e66a", "qanta_id": 30999, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title character of one play by this author is a childless woman who kills her husband Juan. In one play by this author, Leonardo and the Groom kill each other. Those plays, Yerma and Blood Wedding, make up two-thirds of this author's \"rural trilogy,\" along with a play about the sickly Angustias, the submissive Amelia, and the defiant Adela, all daughters of the title character. For 10 points, name this Spanish playwright of The House of Bernarda Alba.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 163 ], [ 164, 384 ], [ 385, 459 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Fran\u00e7ois {Chopin}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The third movement of this composer's second piano sonata in B-flat minor contains an often-performed funeral march.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric_Chopin", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e67b", "qanta_id": 31016, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The third movement of this composer's second piano sonata in B-flat minor contains an often-performed funeral march. This composer popularized a musical form developed by John Field with his short piano nocturnes, and wrote an etude played only on black keys. This Romantic composer predominantly composed pieces for the piano such as the Heroic Polonaise, the Fantasie-Improptu in C sharp minor, and the Revolutionary Etude. For 10 points, name this nineteenth century Polish composer of the Minute Waltz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 259 ], [ 260, 425 ], [ 426, 506 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "William Carlos {Williams}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote about Identity, \"the Man,\" and \"the City\" in his five-book epic about the New Jersey town Paterson.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Carlos_Williams", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e680", "qanta_id": 31021, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote about Identity, \"the Man,\" and \"the City\" in his five-book epic about the New Jersey town Paterson. He's not W.H. Auden, but he used short stanzas to describe Landscape with the Fall of Icarus in his \"Pictures from Breughel.\" He writes \"they were delicious/so sweet/and so cold\" as his excuse for eating someone else's plums in \"This Is Just To Say.\" His best-known poem is about an object \"glazed with rainwater beside the white chickens,\" and opens with the line \"so much depends on.\" For 10 points, name this poet who wrote \"The Red Wheelbarrow.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 241 ], [ 242, 345 ], [ 345, 366 ], [ 367, 502 ], [ 503, 565 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Hermann {Hesse}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in one novel by this author idolizes his friend's mother Frau Eva and takes spiritual lessons from Pistorius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e68b", "qanta_id": 31032, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in one novel by this author idolizes his friend's mother Frau Eva and takes spiritual lessons from Pistorius. This author set one of his novels in Castalia, where Joseph Knecht earns the title Magister Ludi due to his excellence at the title activity. This author wrote about Emil Sinclair in Demian and ended another novel in the Magic Theater, where the protagonist is taken by Pablo and where he murders Hermine. Kamala instructs the title character of one of this author's novels in the ways of love, but that character becomes a ferryman instead, reaching enlightenment. For 10 points, name this German author of Steppenwolf and Siddhartha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 265 ], [ 266, 429 ], [ 430, 589 ], [ 590, 659 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Carnival} of {the Animals}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This piece features a parody of a tune from Orpheus in the Underworld, and one movement quotes from \"Ah!", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Carnival_of_the_Animals", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e699", "qanta_id": 31046, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This piece features a parody of a tune from Orpheus in the Underworld, and one movement quotes from \"Ah! vous dirai-je, Maman\" (voo dee-RAY-zhuh, ma-MA) and \"Una Voce Poco Fa.\" (OO-nuh VOW-chay POH-Koh fah) The violins are the only instruments that play in the movement \"Personages with Long Ears.\" Its composer reused a xylophone theme representing dancing skeletons from the \"Fossils\" section for his Danse Macabre, and a cello solo features in one of its most famous movements, \"The Swan.\" For 10 points, name this composition whose movements depict various animals, by Camille Saint-Saens (San-Sawn).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 175 ], [ 175, 206 ], [ 207, 297 ], [ 297, 492 ], [ 493, 604 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Herman {Melville}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The architecht Bannadonna is killed by his automaton in this man's story \"The Bell-Tower.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Herman_Melville", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6a3", "qanta_id": 31056, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The architecht Bannadonna is killed by his automaton in this man's story \"The Bell-Tower.\" Another story in this author's Piazza Tales features a character who dies of starvation in prison after repeating the phrase \"I would prefer not to.\" In that work, Ginger Nut delivers cakes for Nippers and Turkey, who work in an office owned by the narrator. In his most famous novel, Fedallah, Tashtego, and Queequeg serve as harpooners for Captain Ahab and meet the narrator, who instructs readers to \"Call me Ishmael.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"Bartleby the Scrivener\", Billy Budd, and Moby Dick.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 240 ], [ 241, 349 ], [ 350, 512 ], [ 513, 600 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Gilgamesh} [or {Bilgames}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure's companion cuts down a tree in the Cedar Forest after killing Humbaba, which occurs before this figure rejects a goddess's advances, causing the goddess to send the Bull of Heaven to ravage the land.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gilgamesh", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6a8", "qanta_id": 31061, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure's companion cuts down a tree in the Cedar Forest after killing Humbaba, which occurs before this figure rejects a goddess's advances, causing the goddess to send the Bull of Heaven to ravage the land. This figure walks on the ocean floor to obtain a plant which Utnapishtim told him would grant immortality. Earlier, he commands all of Uruk to mourn a wild-man, his companion Enkidu. This two-thirds god and one-thirds human figure has story that is told in twelve tablets as one of the earliest epics. For 10 points, name this hero of Mesopotamian myth.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 213, 319 ], [ 320, 395 ], [ 396, 514 ], [ 515, 566 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Henry {James}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, a character learns about the mysterious deaths of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel from Mrs. Grose.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_James", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6aa", "qanta_id": 31063, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, a character learns about the mysterious deaths of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel from Mrs. Grose. This author of The Golden Bowl wrote about Austin and Catherine Sloper, residents of Washington Square, and in a longer novel he wrote about the rejection of Caspar Goodwood and Florentine courtship of Gilbert Osmond by Isabel Archer. The Ambassadors and The Portrait of a Lady were written by this author, who wrote a short ghost story about Miles and Flora. For 10 points, name this author of The Turn of the Screw.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 360 ], [ 361, 485 ], [ 486, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Nighthawks}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This painting contains a closed, dark, shop, whose upper windows have their blinds halfway down.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nighthawks", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6b2", "qanta_id": 31071, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This painting contains a closed, dark, shop, whose upper windows have their blinds halfway down. This painting contains two large condiment dispensers on a container, behind which lies a man in a white hat and white uniform. The central building of this painting contains an advertisement for five cent Phillies cigars, and other figures in this painting include a woman in red and two identical men with hats and navy blue suits. Painted by the artist of Chop Suey and Automat, for 10 points, name this Edward Hopper painting depicting a lonely diner.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 224 ], [ 225, 430 ], [ 431, 552 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Spanish}-{American} War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This war broke out in part due to reaction against the actions of General Weyler.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spanish\u2013American_War", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6ca", "qanta_id": 31095, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This war broke out in part due to reaction against the actions of General Weyler. Pulitzer and Hearst's yellow journalism is often credited with bringing one side into this war. Ended by the Treaty of Paris, this war included Admiral George Dewey's victory in Manila Bay. This conflict was sparked in part by the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor. For 10 points, name this war which led to the transfer of control of Guam, which also included the exploits of the Rough Riders at the Battle of San Juan Hill.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 177 ], [ 178, 271 ], [ 272, 355 ], [ 356, 515 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "William {Wordsworth}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet notes that he'd \"rather be/A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn\" in his sonnet", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Wordsworth", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6d9", "qanta_id": 31110, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet notes that he'd \"rather be/A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn\" in his sonnet \"The World is Too Much With Us.\" This poet wrote \"Strange fits of passion have I known\" and \"A Slumber Did my Spirit Seal,\" which are some of his \"Lucy Poems.\" This poet described an outing with his sister Dorothy, when he saw \"a host of golden daffodils,\" in his poem \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.\" Another of his poems notes that \"five years have past\" since he saw the title church on the banks of the Wye. For 10 points, name this Romantic poet of \"Tintern Abbey,\" who wrote Lyrical Ballads with Coleridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 119 ], [ 120, 246 ], [ 247, 387 ], [ 388, 497 ], [ 498, 598 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ernest Miller {Hemingway} [accept \"{Hills} Like {White Elephants}\" before \"{this author}\" is read]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Jig and \"The American\" drink Anis del Toro in a Madrid train station in this author's \"Hills Like White Elephants,\" which appears in the collection Men Without Women along with some Nick Adams stories, such as \"The Killers.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ernest_Hemingway", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6e0", "qanta_id": 31117, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Jig and \"The American\" drink Anis del Toro in a Madrid train station in this author's \"Hills Like White Elephants,\" which appears in the collection Men Without Women along with some Nick Adams stories, such as \"The Killers.\" In one of this author's novels, the narrator walks home in the rain after Catherine Morland delivers a stillborn baby. This man wrote about Michael Campbell's engagement to Lady Brett Ashley in Pamplona in a work narrated by Jake Barnes, and in another work, Manolin is apprenticed to a fisherman who idolizes Joe DiMaggio, Santiago. For 10 points, name this author of A Farewell to Arms, The Sun Also Rises, and The Old Man and the Sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 224 ], [ 225, 343 ], [ 344, 558 ], [ 559, 662 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sylvia {Plath}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, \"Betsy from Kansas\" and Doreen are guest editors, and crab meat gives a group food poisoning at a lunch for Lady Day magazine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sylvia_Plath", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6ec", "qanta_id": 31129, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, \"Betsy from Kansas\" and Doreen are guest editors, and crab meat gives a group food poisoning at a lunch for Lady Day magazine. One of this writer's poems ends \"you bastard, I'm through\" after stating \"There's a stake through your fat black heart.\" In this author's only novel, Dr. Gordon and Dr. Nolan are psychiatrists at the mental institution of the main character, a college student named Esther Greenwood. For 10 points, name this poet of \"Daddy\" and author of The Bell Jar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 278 ], [ 279, 441 ], [ 442, 510 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John Ernst {Steinbeck} Jr.", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a book in which Dakin is one of a group of fruit pickers caught up in a strike led by Jim Nolan, called In Dubious Battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Steinbeck", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6f6", "qanta_id": 31139, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a book in which Dakin is one of a group of fruit pickers caught up in a strike led by Jim Nolan, called In Dubious Battle. In another of this author's works, treasure is sought on Saint Andrew's eve by Joe Portagee and Pilon, who, along with Danny, inhabit Tortilla Flat. Mack and his gang trying to throw a party for Doc in this author's Cannery Row. This author wrote a novel in which Ivy and Sairy Wilson accompany the central family, \"Rose of Sharon\" breastfeeds a starving man, and the Joad family flees Oklahoma for California. For 10 points, name this author of The Grapes of Wrath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 289 ], [ 290, 369 ], [ 370, 551 ], [ 552, 607 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{recursion} [or {recursivity}; or {recursive functions}; accept word forms]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One function exhibiting the \"mu\" type of this technique that isn't also of the \"primitive\" type is the Ackermann function.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Recursion", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6f8", "qanta_id": 31141, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One function exhibiting the \"mu\" type of this technique that isn't also of the \"primitive\" type is the Ackermann function. The stack space used by this technique can be decreased by using the \"tail\" type of it. It is often used to implement the factorial function, solve the Towers of Hanoi problem, and calculate the Fibonacci sequence. For 10 points, name this programming technique, often contrasted with iteration, in which a function calls itself.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 210 ], [ 211, 337 ], [ 338, 452 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John {Adams} [prompt on {Adams}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man defended the British soldiers accused of carrying out the Boston Massacre.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Adams", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e6fa", "qanta_id": 31143, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man defended the British soldiers accused of carrying out the Boston Massacre. In the First Continental Congress, this man nominated George Washington to be commander of the Continental Army. This politician appointed Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence. During this man's presidency, the Quasi-War with France occurred, having been sparked by the XYZ affair. The Alien and Sedition Acts were passed by, for 10 points, what Federalist president, the second president of the United States?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 196 ], [ 197, 281 ], [ 282, 386 ], [ 387, 515 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Adeline Virginia {Woolf}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character created by this author has an affair with the art student Florinda, and another is born during the reign of Elizabeth I as a man and ends up a published author in 1928 as a woman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Virginia_Woolf", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e702", "qanta_id": 31151, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character created by this author has an affair with the art student Florinda, and another is born during the reign of Elizabeth I as a man and ends up a published author in 1928 as a woman. This author of Jacob's Room and Orlando wrote that a woman must have the title asset and money if she is to write fiction, and wrote a novel about Septimus Smith, who meets Clarissa Dalloway. The best known work of this author of A Room of One's Own includes Lily Briscoe, a painter who portrays James and Mrs. Ramsay, who owns a summer home on the Scottish isle of Skye. For 10 points, name this author of To the Lighthouse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 385 ], [ 386, 565 ], [ 566, 600 ], [ 601, 619 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "linear {momentum}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Free-particle solutions to the Schrodinger equation are eigenstates of this quantity's namesake operator.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Momentum", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e711", "qanta_id": 31166, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Free-particle solutions to the Schrodinger equation are eigenstates of this quantity's namesake operator. For massless objects, this quantity is equal to the energy over the speed of light. The change in this quantity is known as impulse, and it is conserved in both inelastic and elastic collisions. The original formulation of Newton's Second Law states that its first derivative is equal to force. For 10 points, identify this product of mass and velocity, denoted p.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 189 ], [ 190, 300 ], [ 301, 400 ], [ 401, 470 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Golgi} apparatus [or any reasonable synonyms for \"apparatus,\" e.g. Golgi {body} or Golgi {entity}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This entity's functions include synthesizing sphingomyelin and adding sulfate groups to tyrosine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Golgi_apparatus", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e71c", "qanta_id": 31177, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This entity's functions include synthesizing sphingomyelin and adding sulfate groups to tyrosine. It creates clathrin-coated vesicles that send proteins to other parts of the cell. This organelle has cis and trans faces, and consists of stacked, flattened disks called cisternae. For 10 points, name this organelle, which is found near the endoplasmic reticulum, packages and sorts newly created proteins, and is named after an Italian scientist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 180 ], [ 181, 279 ], [ 280, 446 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "George Bernard {Shaw}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one play by this author, Tom Broadbent lets a pig drive a car in hopes of publicizing his bid to become an Irish Member of Parliament.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Bernard_Shaw", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e733", "qanta_id": 31200, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one play by this author, Tom Broadbent lets a pig drive a car in hopes of publicizing his bid to become an Irish Member of Parliament. This author of John Bull's Other Island wrote a play in which Crofts proposes to Vivie, the daughter of a brothel-owner, and he also wrote of Andrew Undershaft's marriage to a character who inherits an armaments factory. For 10 points, name this author of Mrs. Warren's Profession and Major Barbara, who wrote of attempts to make a Cockney girl into a little lady in his Pygmalion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 358 ], [ 359, 519 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Brave New World}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel is disgraced when an ugly, decrepit woman addresses him as \"Tomikin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brave_New_World", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e755", "qanta_id": 31234, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel is disgraced when an ugly, decrepit woman addresses him as \"Tomikin.\" The son of that character, whose entire education consists of reading Shakespeare, commits suicide in a lighthouse in this novel after refusing to appear before the Arch Community Singster or have sex with Lenina. The characters in this novel live in a society where Bokanovksy and Podsnap processes are essential, and where people are divided from alphas to epsilons. Featuring Mustapha Mond, who contemplates exiling Bernard Marx but spares John the Savage, for 10 points, name this dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 96, 311 ], [ 312, 466 ], [ 467, 616 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "George Frideric {Handel} [or Georg Friderich {H\u00e4ndel}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a movement entitled \"La Rejouissance\" that is played three times in a work he composed to commemorate the Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle, catalogued as HWV 351.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e76c", "qanta_id": 31257, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer wrote a movement entitled \"La Rejouissance\" that is played three times in a work he composed to commemorate the Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle, catalogued as HWV 351. The final movement of his fifth harpsichord suite is known as The Harmonious Blacksmith. He composed a coronation anthem called Zadok the Priest. One of his works was premiered on a barge on the Thames. He also wrote an oratorio that features the choruses \"For Unto Us A Child Is Born\" and \"Hallelujah \". For 10 points, name this composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks, Water Music, and Messiah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 265 ], [ 266, 322 ], [ 323, 379 ], [ 380, 434 ], [ 434, 445 ], [ 446, 481 ], [ 482, 575 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Madame {Bovary}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Heloise Dubuc is the first wife of one character in this novel, whose daughter Berthe is sent to work on a cotton mill at its end, in part because of a mounting debt that the title figure could not pay back to the morally bankrupt Lhereux.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e773", "qanta_id": 31264, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Heloise Dubuc is the first wife of one character in this novel, whose daughter Berthe is sent to work on a cotton mill at its end, in part because of a mounting debt that the title figure could not pay back to the morally bankrupt Lhereux. A failed surgery on the club-footed Hippolyte drives the central figure deeper into her affair with Rodolphe, who she later replaces with Leon after meeting with him in Rouen. The title woman of this novel dies painfully after ingesting Homais's arsenic. Charles is the hapless husband of, for 10 points, the title woman of what Gustave Flaubert novel?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 239 ], [ 240, 415 ], [ 416, 494 ], [ 495, 592 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Lolita", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The narrator of this novel moves to Ramsdale, where he considers killing a woman in Hourglass Lake.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lolita", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e77f", "qanta_id": 31276, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The narrator of this novel moves to Ramsdale, where he considers killing a woman in Hourglass Lake. That narrator keeps a diary that needs a magnifying glass to decode, and his wife Charlotte figures it out before she runs into a car. At the end of this work, the protagonist is found in Alaska with the last name Schiller. The narrator kills the author of The Nymph, Claire Quilty, after being stalked across America with the title character, and, at opening of this novel, he describes the title character as the \"light of my life, fire of my loins.\" For 10 points, name this novel about Humbert Humbert's affair with the \"nymphet\" Dolores Haze, by Vladimir Nabokov.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 234 ], [ 235, 323 ], [ 324, 552 ], [ 553, 668 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "A {Streetcar} Named Desire", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character of this play gets evicted from the Flamingo Hotel and fantasizes about Shep Huntleigh.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "A_Streetcar_Named_Desire", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e789", "qanta_id": 31286, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character of this play gets evicted from the Flamingo Hotel and fantasizes about Shep Huntleigh. In one scene of this play, a character angrily throws a radio out of the window and leaves two women to seek refuge with the upstairs neighbor Eunice. This play ends with Steve dealing a hand of poker, as one character who yells \"Fire!\" to avoid having sex with Mitch is led to an asylum while saying that she has \"always depended on the kindness of strangers.\" For 10 points, name this play in which Stanley rapes his wife Stella's sister, Blanche Dubois (doo BWAH), a work by Tennessee Williams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 251 ], [ 252, 462 ], [ 463, 598 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Arab Republic of {Egypt} [or {Jumhuriah Misr al}-{'Arabiyah}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation's first Prime Minister, Saad Zaghlul, was overthrown in 1952 by the Free Officers Movement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e796", "qanta_id": 31299, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation's first Prime Minister, Saad Zaghlul, was overthrown in 1952 by the Free Officers Movement. This modern nation's capital was the capital of the Fatimid dynasty. This country's ancient city of Luxor contains its Valley of the Kings. Following Alexander the Great's conquest of this nation, the Ptolemaic dynasty was installed. This nation's rulers have included Gamal Nasser and Anwar Sadat. For 10 points, name this nation which fought the Six-Day War with Israel, and whose unsuccessful invasion by Napoleon culminated in the Battle of the Nile.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 172 ], [ 173, 243 ], [ 244, 337 ], [ 338, 402 ], [ 403, 558 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q1", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Tin Drum} [{Die Blechtrommel}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At one point in this novel, the protagonist plays jazz at the club Onion Cellar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7ae", "qanta_id": 31323, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At one point in this novel, the protagonist plays jazz at the club Onion Cellar. Earlier, the protagonist of this work claims that he is Jesus and leads the Dusters in stealing government supplies from offices. In this work, Agnes dies from eating fish obsessively and Alfred dies by swallowing a Nazi party pin. Like the clown Bebra, the protagonist of this work refuses to grow past age three remains a dwarf. For 10 points, Oskar Matzerath constantly holds the title instrument in what first work of the Danzig Trilogy, written by G\u00fcnter Grass?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 210 ], [ 211, 312 ], [ 313, 411 ], [ 412, 547 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Nikita {Krushchev}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man supervised the completion of the Moscow subway system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikita_Khrushchev", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7b0", "qanta_id": 31325, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man supervised the completion of the Moscow subway system. A period known as this man's \"thaw\" occurred after he gave the Secret Speech denouncing the excesses of his predecessor. In 1960, this man banged his shoe on a desk during a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly. For 10 points, name this Soviet leader who engaged in the Kitchen Debate with Richard Nixon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 184 ], [ 185, 285 ], [ 286, 378 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{endoplasmic} reticulum [or ER]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The KDEL retention sequence signals which proteins remain in this organelle, and one of this organelle's functions is glycosylation (gly-COSS-ill-AY-shun) of proteins.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Endoplasmic_reticulum", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7b1", "qanta_id": 31326, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The KDEL retention sequence signals which proteins remain in this organelle, and one of this organelle's functions is glycosylation (gly-COSS-ill-AY-shun) of proteins. COPI (cop one) and COPII (cop two) proteins aid in transporting proteins between the Golgi body and this organelle. The presence or absence of ribosomes on the surface of these organelles determines whether they are of the \"rough\" or \"smooth\" variety. For 10 points, name this organelle that helps fold and transport proteins.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 283 ], [ 284, 419 ], [ 420, 494 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "William {Blake}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author created his own mythology that includes Orc, the creative passion, and Urizen, the tradition.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Blake", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7ba", "qanta_id": 31335, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author created his own mythology that includes Orc, the creative passion, and Urizen, the tradition. This author wrote two collections of poetry which both include poems titled \"Divine Image\" and \"The Chimney Sweeper.\" He wrote another poem that asks \"What immortal hand or eye, could frame thy fearful symmetry!\" of a creature \"burning bright in the forests of the night.\" For 10 points, name this author who wrote Songs of Innocence and Experience, a collection that contains his poems \"The Lamb\" and \"The Tyger.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 223 ], [ 224, 377 ], [ 377, 520 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "\"The {Waste Land} \"", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The speaker of this poem asks if the corpse Stetson has planted in a garden has begun to sprout, in a section of this poem set on London Bridge in the \"Unreal City.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Waste_Land", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7c2", "qanta_id": 31343, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The speaker of this poem asks if the corpse Stetson has planted in a garden has begun to sprout, in a section of this poem set on London Bridge in the \"Unreal City.\" Another section of this poem describes Tiresias as an \"old man with wrinkled dugs.\" That section, \"The Fire Sermon,\" precedes a short section of this poem entitled \"Death by Water.\" Its final section, \"What the Thunder Said,\" ends with a repetition of the Sanskrit word \"shantih.\" For 10 points, name this poem which begins \"April is the cruellest month,\" written by T.S. Eliot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 248 ], [ 248, 346 ], [ 346, 347 ], [ 348, 446 ], [ 447, 544 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Inca", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One figure from the myth of these peoples was a god of thunder and lightning Illapa, who originated from the province of Collasuyu, while Apus were said to be the spirits of mountains.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7c3", "qanta_id": 31344, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One figure from the myth of these peoples was a god of thunder and lightning Illapa, who originated from the province of Collasuyu, while Apus were said to be the spirits of mountains. Their legendary founder emerged from the cave Puma Orco, after which he was instructed to build a temple to their sun god Inti. That man, Manco Capac, was sometimes also said to be the direct descendant of Viracocha, while another story says that he instead emerged from the waters of Lake Titicaca. For ten points, name this people indigenous to South America whose capital was Cuzco.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 306 ], [ 307, 312 ], [ 313, 484 ], [ 485, 570 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Henry {James}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, the Pococks comes to Paris when Chad chooses to remain with Madame Vionnet rather than return to New England.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_James", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7c4", "qanta_id": 31345, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, the Pococks comes to Paris when Chad chooses to remain with Madame Vionnet rather than return to New England. Lambert Strether is one of the title character of this author's The Ambassadors. Mrs. Grose is a housekeeper of an estate at Bly in another work by this author, in which ghosts named Peter Quint and Miss Jessel terrorize the children Miles and Flora. For 10 points, name this author who created Isabel Archer and wrote \"The Turn of the Screw\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 218 ], [ 219, 388 ], [ 389, 481 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Shintoism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the fortune-telling scheme of this belief system, kichi (KEY-CHEE) signifies a blessing, while kyo signifies a curse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shinto", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7c5", "qanta_id": 31346, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the fortune-telling scheme of this belief system, kichi (KEY-CHEE) signifies a blessing, while kyo signifies a curse. Honden and Torii (TO-REE-EE) make up the places of worship of this religion, the most famous of which is the Ise (EE-SAY) Shrine. \"The way of the gods\" is the literal name of this religion, although its objects of worship are spirits called kami. For 10 points, Amaterasu is the chief deity of what animistic religion of Japan?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 250 ], [ 251, 367 ], [ 368, 448 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ezra {Pound}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote about a hedonist who tried to \"resuscitate the dead art/", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ezra_Pound", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7d8", "qanta_id": 31365, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote about a hedonist who tried to \"resuscitate the dead art/Of poetry\" in Hugh Selwyn Mauberly. His other works include the collection Cathay and the two-line poem \"In A Station of the Metro.\" He translated a poem by a Chinese poet who allegedly drowned while trying to embrace the moon. For 10 points, name this expatriate poet who translated Li Po's \"The River Merchant's Wife\" and never finished his long poem The Cantos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 71, 106 ], [ 107, 203 ], [ 204, 298 ], [ 299, 435 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Coriolis} effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The E\u00f6tv\u00f6s effect is the vertical component of this phenomenon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coriolis_force", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7db", "qanta_id": 31368, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The E\u00f6tv\u00f6s effect is the vertical component of this phenomenon. It becomes negligible when the dimenstionless quantity also known as the Kibel number, the Rossby number, is large. Its strength is proportional to the velocity of an objects and the angular velocity of the frame. For 10 points, what effect, which accounts for atmospheric and oceanic current, occurs when a rotating frame of reference creates a fictitious force that causes projectiles to appear deflected?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 179 ], [ 180, 277 ], [ 278, 471 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alfred, Lord {Tennyson}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet described Nature as \"red in tooth and claw\" in an elegy written for Arthur Henry Hallam.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7e0", "qanta_id": 31373, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet described Nature as \"red in tooth and claw\" in an elegy written for Arthur Henry Hallam. This author wrote \"I hope to see my Pilot face to face\" in a poem that represents the journey of the soul after death with the image of a sailor \"crossing the bar.\" This author of Idylls of the King commemorated a tragic charge at the Battle of Balaclava with the lines \"half a league, half a league / half a league onward / all in the valley of death / rode the six hundred.\" For 10 points, name this Victorian poet of \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 263 ], [ 264, 475 ], [ 476, 553 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Karl {Marx}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker wrote that the point of philosophy is not to interpret the world but to change it in his Theses on Feuerbach.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Karl_Marx", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7e5", "qanta_id": 31378, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker wrote that the point of philosophy is not to interpret the world but to change it in his Theses on Feuerbach. This author of The Critique of the Gotha Program claims that all history is the \"history of class struggles\" in a work that begins by stating that a \"spectre is haunting Europe\". For 10 points, name this German philosopher who exclaimed \"workers of the world, unite!\" in Das Kapital and, with Fredrick Engels, wrote The Communist Manifesto.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 301 ], [ 302, 463 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{pendulums}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of these devices named for Persoz can measure a sample's hardness.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pendulum", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7f1", "qanta_id": 31390, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these devices named for Persoz can measure a sample's hardness. The double type of this object is a classic example of chaotic behavior. A useful approximation when working with these objects involves assuming that \"sin theta equals theta.\" These objects have period approximately equal to \"two pi times the square root of quantity length over gravitational acceleration.\" These devices exhibit simple harmonic motion, and one of these was used to show the rotation of the earth by Leon Foucault. For 10 points, name these devices consisting of a weight suspended from a pivot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 143 ], [ 144, 246 ], [ 246, 378 ], [ 378, 503 ], [ 504, 584 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Louis XIV} [accept {Sun King} before read; prompt on {Louis}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One invasion under this ruler led to the death by beating of Cornelis and Johan de Witt before the treaty of Nijmegen ended the Dutch War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Louis_XIV_of_France", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7fc", "qanta_id": 31401, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One invasion under this ruler led to the death by beating of Cornelis and Johan de Witt before the treaty of Nijmegen ended the Dutch War. That war led to the ascension to power of this man's longtime enemy, William III. Charles II's granting of Spain to this ruler's grandson sparked the War of the Spanish Succession. This man revoked the rights given to Protestants in his country by Henry IV in the Edict of Nantes in his own Edict of Fontainebleau. For 10 points, name this French monarch, whose long rule led to his being named the Sun King.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 220 ], [ 221, 319 ], [ 320, 453 ], [ 454, 547 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian {Bach} [prompt on {Bach}; prompt on {Johann Bach}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer used strings to accompany the words of Jesus, creating a so-called \"halo\" effect, in his setting of the sufferings of Christ.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7fe", "qanta_id": 31403, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer used strings to accompany the words of Jesus, creating a so-called \"halo\" effect, in his setting of the sufferings of Christ. This composer wrote fifteen Two-Part Inventions for his pupils, as well as choral works such as the St. Matthew Passion. Glenn Gould specialized in playing works of this composer, such as The Art of the Fugue [FYOOG] and the Goldberg Variations. For 10 points, name this eighteenth-century German composer of The Well-Tempered Clavier [kluh-VEER] and the Brandenburg Concertos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 260 ], [ 261, 385 ], [ 386, 517 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Artemis}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After the death of Meleager, this figure transformed his sisters into guinea hens.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Artemis", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e7ff", "qanta_id": 31404, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After the death of Meleager, this figure transformed his sisters into guinea hens. This deity accidentally killed the nymph Callisto after she had been turned into a bear. This deity was caught bathing and turned her gawker, Actaeon, into a stag. With her brother, this goddess killed the children of Niobe for offending this goddess's mother, Leto. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of the moon and the hunt, the twin sister of Apollo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 171 ], [ 172, 246 ], [ 247, 349 ], [ 350, 441 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Mughal} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this dynasty fell to his death down several steps in his library and had reclaimed his empire from the usurper Sher Shah Suri.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mughal_Empire", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e806", "qanta_id": 31411, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ruler of this dynasty fell to his death down several steps in his library and had reclaimed his empire from the usurper Sher Shah Suri. The golden age of this dynasty occurred under an illiterate king whose court included the \"Nine Jewels,\" including Birbal. The jizya tax for non-Muslims was reinstated by this dynasty's emperor Aurangzeb (ore-ANG-zehb), the son of a ruler who erected a public monument for his wife Mumtaz. This empire was founded by the Afghani ruler Babur and ruled by Shah Jahan and Akbar. For 10 points, name this late-medieval Islamic empire in India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 262 ], [ 263, 429 ], [ 430, 515 ], [ 516, 579 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Joseph-Maurice {Ravel}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer opened his Piano Concerto in G with a whip crack.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurice_Ravel", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e81e", "qanta_id": 31435, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer opened his Piano Concerto in G with a whip crack. He wrote a technically difficult movement about an imp named \"Scarbo\" in his Gaspard de la Nuit. [gas-PAR de la noo-WEE] He also wrote a dance for piano about a Spanish infanta, Pavane for a Dead Princess. He orchestrated Mussorgsky's [muh-SORG-skees] Pictures at an Exhibition. This man repeated a Spanish dance theme over a snare drum ostinato [ah-stuh-NAH-tow] in one of his most played works. For 10 points, name this French Impressionist composer of Bolero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 160 ], [ 161, 184 ], [ 185, 269 ], [ 270, 342 ], [ 343, 460 ], [ 461, 526 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Saul {Bellow} [or {Solomon Bellows}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters has a custody battle with Madeleine over their daughter June.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Saul_Bellow", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e827", "qanta_id": 31444, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's characters has a custody battle with Madeleine over their daughter June. That character created by this author writes unsent letters to such people as President Eisenhower. This author of Humboldt's Gift and Herzog wrote a book in which Eugene visits the Wariri tribe and leaves Africa with a lion cub. Another of this author's books is a picaresque tale of a Chicago Jew who is the brother of Simon and Georgie and serves in World War II. For 10 points, name this author of Henderson the Rain King and The Adventures of Augie March.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 193 ], [ 194, 323 ], [ 324, 460 ], [ 461, 554 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Valentin Louis Georges Eug\u00e8ne Marcel {Proust}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The narrator of this author's most famous work discovers that Albertine Simonet was a lesbian after her death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Proust", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e82a", "qanta_id": 31447, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The narrator of this author's most famous work discovers that Albertine Simonet was a lesbian after her death. That work by this author has volumes such as Sodom and Gomorrah and Within a Budding Grove, and opens with memories brought on by the consumption of a tea-soaked madeleine. For 10 points, name this French author who discussed the narrator's childhood memories in the section Swann's Way of his monumental work In Search of Lost Time.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 283 ], [ 284, 444 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Rastafarianism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This religion's texts include the Holy Piby, and one of this religion's saints is Marcus Garvey.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rastafari", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e833", "qanta_id": 31456, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This religion's texts include the Holy Piby, and one of this religion's saints is Marcus Garvey. This religion advocates \"livity,\" which involves drumming ceremonies called bingis. This religion uses the vegetarian I-tal diet. Followers of this religion believe that they are captives in Babylon. This religion draws its name from the belief that Haile Selassie is the Second Coming of Christ. It promotes wearing the colors red, green, gold, and black, along with dreadlocks. For 10 points, name this Jamaican religion that advocates using ganja for meditation and was the inspiration for reggae music.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 180 ], [ 181, 226 ], [ 227, 296 ], [ 297, 393 ], [ 394, 476 ], [ 477, 603 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Aristotles", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker argued that adherence to a \"Doctrine of the Mean\" between excess and deficiency was the ultimate expression of virtue in his Nichomachean Ethics.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristotle", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e83f", "qanta_id": 31468, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker argued that adherence to a \"Doctrine of the Mean\" between excess and deficiency was the ultimate expression of virtue in his Nichomachean Ethics. This thinker outlined the material, formal, efficient, and final causes of nature in one work. This man defined the genre of tragedy and stated that the aim of poetry and art is representation, or mimesis in another work. For 10 points, identify this ancient Greek philosopher, author of Metaphysics, Rhetoric, and Poetics, the most famous student of Plato.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 253 ], [ 254, 380 ], [ 381, 516 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "To Kill A Mockingbird", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Items that two characters in this book discover in a knot in a tree include figurines carved in soap and mint gum.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "To_Kill_a_Mockingbird", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e842", "qanta_id": 31471, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Items that two characters in this book discover in a knot in a tree include figurines carved in soap and mint gum. One character is convicted of rape despite the fact that a withered arm proves he could not have committed the crime, and that man, Tom, is defended by the protagonist's father. The book's title action is declared to be a sin by that man, Atticus. For 10 points, name this book about Scout Finch, a novel by Harper Lee.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 292 ], [ 293, 362 ], [ 363, 434 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Chile}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation's capital was founded by Pedro de Valdivia, who defeated the native Mapuche people.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chile", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e84b", "qanta_id": 31480, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation's capital was founded by Pedro de Valdivia, who defeated the native Mapuche people. This nation contains the world's largest copper mines at Chuquicamata and Escondida. This nation's most important seaport, Valparaiso, houses its legislature. Easter Island is owned by this nation, which splits Tierra del Fuego with its eastern neighbor. It controls Cape Horn, the southernmost point in South America. For 10 points, name this long, narrow country on the Pacific, which lies west of the Andes and Argentina, and has its capital at Santiago.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 180 ], [ 181, 254 ], [ 255, 350 ], [ 351, 414 ], [ 415, 553 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the {Wealth} of {Nations}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The fourth book of this work is entitled \"Of Systems of Political Economy,\" and argues against mercantilism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Wealth_of_Nations", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e857", "qanta_id": 31492, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The fourth book of this work is entitled \"Of Systems of Political Economy,\" and argues against mercantilism. Its first section uses a pin factory to illustrate the concept of the division of labor. This work also introduced the concept that individuals pursuing their own interests promote the good of the market, which he called the \"invisible hand.\" For 10 points, name this work published in 1776 by the economist Adam Smith.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 197 ], [ 198, 350 ], [ 350, 428 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{diffusion} [or {effusion} before \"{osmosis}\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One law governing this process sets the flux proportional to a certain spatial derivative and is named after Adolph Fick.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e85b", "qanta_id": 31496, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One law governing this process sets the flux proportional to a certain spatial derivative and is named after Adolph Fick. For a gas, the rate of this process is proportional to the square root of molar mass by Graham's Law. When water undergoes this process by moving across a semipermeable (SEM-\"eye\"-PER-mee-uh-bull) membrane, it is called osmosis. For 10 points, name this process in which a compound moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 223 ], [ 224, 350 ], [ 351, 477 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Mexico} [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation is home to the volcanoes Iztaccihuatl (ISS-TACK-see-WAT-el) and Popocatepetl (PO-po-COT-uh-PET-el).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e869", "qanta_id": 31510, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation is home to the volcanoes Iztaccihuatl (ISS-TACK-see-WAT-el) and Popocatepetl (PO-po-COT-uh-PET-el). Another volcano here is a cinder cone that first appeared as a hole in a corn field and within 10 years grew 9,012 feet. The Bay of Campeche borders this country, whose tourist destinations include Cozumel, Cabo San Lucas, Tijuana (tee-WAHN-uh), and Cancun. For 10 points, name this country in which Ciudad Juarez (SEE-oo-dad WAR-ez) sits on the other side of the Rio Grande from Texas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 232 ], [ 233, 369 ], [ 370, 498 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The economic model named for this thinker is based on the multiplier effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e873", "qanta_id": 31520, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The economic model named for this thinker is based on the multiplier effect. This economist argued that increased private saving leads to a higher interest rate in his refutation of Say's Law, and attacked the Treaty of Versailles in The Economic Consequences of the Peace. His theory that increased government spending can cure recessions was applied by Franklin Roosevelt in the Great Depression. For 10 points, name this British economist who advanced his ideas in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 273 ], [ 274, 398 ], [ 399, 522 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of {Norway} [or {Kongeriket Norge}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Treaty of Kiel ceded this country to Sweden. This country's king Harold Hardrada lost the Battle of Stamford Bridge.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Norway", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e87d", "qanta_id": 31530, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Treaty of Kiel ceded this country to Sweden. This country's king Harold Hardrada lost the Battle of Stamford Bridge. This country was traditionally ruled by kings named Haakon. This nation was converted to Christianity under its king St. Olaf. During World War II, this country was led by the Nazi collaborator Vidkun Quisling. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country whose capital is Oslo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 180 ], [ 181, 247 ], [ 248, 331 ], [ 332, 400 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Russia}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One composer from this country wrote a piece subtitled \"An Oriental Fantasy.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e883", "qanta_id": 31536, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One composer from this country wrote a piece subtitled \"An Oriental Fantasy.\" Another man composed a Black Mass Sonata and a White Mass Sonata. The Scythian Suite was composed by a man from here, as well as a piece in which Emperor Paul demands that Lieutenant Kije be brought to him. Islamey is a work by a composer from this country, which is also home to the composers of In the Steppes of Central Asia and a certain \"Eastern Festival Overture.\" For 10 points, name this country home to Alexander Borodin and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 143 ], [ 144, 284 ], [ 285, 374 ], [ 375, 447 ], [ 447, 536 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "mitochondria", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Damage to one component of this organelle may cause Leber optic atrophy, and its membrane contains a protein whose release triggers caspase nine and thereby induces apoptosis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e8a5", "qanta_id": 31570, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Damage to one component of this organelle may cause Leber optic atrophy, and its membrane contains a protein whose release triggers caspase nine and thereby induces apoptosis. That protein, called cytochrome (SY-toe-krome) c, is essential to a transport process that ends with ATP synthase. The electron transport chain, which takes place in this organelle, uses the redox potential of NADH and FADH2 to generate ATP from fuel. For 10 points, name these cellular power plants, whose cristae and matrix host glycolysis (gly-CALL-ih-sis).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 290 ], [ 291, 427 ], [ 428, 536 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Elizabeth} I", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler reinstated the Supremacy Act of 1534 and issued the Thirty-Nine Articles in an attempt to move this monarch's country away from Catholicism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Elizabeth_I_of_England", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e8b0", "qanta_id": 31581, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler reinstated the Supremacy Act of 1534 and issued the Thirty-Nine Articles in an attempt to move this monarch's country away from Catholicism. One plot against this ruler involved a marriage to the Duke of Norfolk. Another plot involved the machinations of Sir Francis Walsingham. The Ridolfi and Babington Plots against this leader eventually led her to have Mary, Queen of Scots, executed. For 10 points, name this English queen whose rule followed that of Bloody Mary, and who was famed for her virginity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 223 ], [ 224, 289 ], [ 290, 400 ], [ 401, 517 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Bahai}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Nineteen Day Fast is a practice of this religion, and its calendar is divided into nineteen nineteen-day months.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e8b5", "qanta_id": 31586, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Nineteen Day Fast is a practice of this religion, and its calendar is divided into nineteen nineteen-day months. The Hands of the Cause of God are the successor's of Shoghi Effendi in this religion. Its supreme governing body is the Universal House of Justice and is located in Haifa, Israel. An offshoot of the teachings of the Bab, this religion was founded by Baha Ullah. For 10 points, name this religion that believes that the world's great religions are all manifestations of God.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 202 ], [ 203, 296 ], [ 297, 378 ], [ 379, 490 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Peter} the {Great} [or {Peter} I of Russia; prompt on {Peter}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man traveled incognito as part of his country's Grand Embassy to the West, during which he learned shipbuilding skills in the Netherlands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e8dc", "qanta_id": 31625, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man traveled incognito as part of his country's Grand Embassy to the West, during which he learned shipbuilding skills in the Netherlands. This ruler was forced to rule with his half-brother Ivan V for a time due to the influence of the streltsy. This man enforced a beard tax on noblemen in his country. This ruler found military success in the Great Northern War, which allowed him to build his \"Window to the West\" on the Neva. For 10 points, name this westernizing tsar of Russia who was responsible for building the city of St. Petersburg.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 251 ], [ 252, 309 ], [ 310, 435 ], [ 436, 549 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Meiji} Restoration [or {Meiji period}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The 1889 Constitution was instituted following this event, whose principles were laid out in the Charter Oath.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Meiji_Restoration", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e8f4", "qanta_id": 31649, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The 1889 Constitution was instituted following this event, whose principles were laid out in the Charter Oath. A slogan used by supporters of this event was \"Enrich the country and strengthen the military.\" The country in which this event took place greatly expanded its manufacturing capabilities and railroad network following this event. For 10 points, name this movement which ended the Tokugawa Shogunate and restored imperial rule to Japan, named for the emperor who took power.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 206 ], [ 207, 340 ], [ 341, 484 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Stephen Crane", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story by this author, Pat Scully watches on as a Swede fights a cowboy and is stabbed by a gambler.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stephen_Crane", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e8fc", "qanta_id": 31657, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story by this author, Pat Scully watches on as a Swede fights a cowboy and is stabbed by a gambler. In another of this author's stories, the correspondent, the cook, the oiler, and the captain brave the ocean. One novel by this author of \"The Blue Hotel\" and \"The Open Boat\" ends with the death of the titular \"girl of the streets,\" Maggie. Another of this author's novels sees Henry Fleming get the titular wound during the Civil War. For 10 points, name this American author who wrote The Red Badge of Courage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 216 ], [ 217, 347 ], [ 348, 442 ], [ 443, 519 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sir Edward William {Elgar}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man was inspired by a visit to Alassio to compose his overture In the South, and he depicted his friends in movements like \"C.A.E\" and \"Nimrod\" in another work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e903", "qanta_id": 31664, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man was inspired by a visit to Alassio to compose his overture In the South, and he depicted his friends in movements like \"C.A.E\" and \"Nimrod\" in another work. He also wrote a march that contains a trio that is used as the melody of \"Land of Hope and Glory.\" This man composed an oratorio based on a Cardinal Neuman poem, The Dream of Gerontius. For 10 points, name this Briton who composed the Engima Variations and the Pomp and Circumstance Marches.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 263 ], [ 263, 351 ], [ 352, 457 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sylvia {Plath} [or {Victoria Lucas}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote that \"dying is an art like anything else. I do it exceptionally well.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sylvia_Plath", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e90e", "qanta_id": 31675, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote that \"dying is an art like anything else. I do it exceptionally well.\" Another of this woman's works opens with \"You do not do, you do not do anymore, black shoe.\" That work by this author calls the title character \"Panzer man\" and announces \"I'm through!\" Those works, \"Lady Lazarus\" and \"Daddy,\" were collected in this woman's Ariel. This author also wrote a novel in which Buddy Willard dates a girl who undergoes shock treatment after trying to kill herself. For 10 points, name this creator of Esther Greenwood and author of The Bell Jar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 180 ], [ 180, 274 ], [ 275, 353 ], [ 354, 480 ], [ 481, 561 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jack {London} [or {John Griffith Chaney}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story by this author, Tom King remembers humiliating the old prizefighter Stowsher Bill after losing a fight to Sandel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jack_London", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e958", "qanta_id": 31749, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story by this author, Tom King remembers humiliating the old prizefighter Stowsher Bill after losing a fight to Sandel. In addition to \"A Piece of Steak,\" this man wrote a dystopian work about Avis Ererhard's description of a fascist monopoly organization in The Iron Heel. The Macedonia stole the seals of the title character's ship the Ghost in another of this author's novels. For 10 points, name this author of The Sea Wolf, who also wrote The Call of the Wild and White Fang.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 280 ], [ 281, 386 ], [ 387, 487 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Samuel {Barber}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Literary inspired compositions by this man include his overture to Sheridan's The School for Scandal and an opera based on the work of James Agee, Knoxville: Summer of 1914.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Barber", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e968", "qanta_id": 31765, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Literary inspired compositions by this man include his overture to Sheridan's The School for Scandal and an opera based on the work of James Agee, Knoxville: Summer of 1914. One of this man's works was prominently featured in the Oliver Stone film Platoon, and he also composed the opera Vanessa. For 10 points, name this American composer of Adagio for Strings,", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 296 ], [ 297, 362 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alexander {Hamilton}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This politician wrote the \"Camillus\" essays and drafted George Washington's farewell address.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Hamilton", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e96e", "qanta_id": 31771, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This politician wrote the \"Camillus\" essays and drafted George Washington's farewell address. This man proposed government policies of assuming all wartime debts and subsidizing industry in his \"Report on Public Credit\" and \"Report on Manufactures.\" This proponent of a strong federal government was killed in a duel by Aaron Burr. For 10 points, name this Founding Father who rebuilt the American economy as the first Secretary of the Treasury.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 248 ], [ 248, 249 ], [ 250, 331 ], [ 332, 445 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "\u00c9mile \u00c9douard Charles Antoine {Zola}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote Nana as part of his twenty-volume series titled Les Rougon-Macquart.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Zola", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e96f", "qanta_id": 31772, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote Nana as part of his twenty-volume series titled Les Rougon-Macquart. That series contains this author's novel about a coal mining strike called Germinal. This author is best-known for an letter to Felix Faure published in Georges Clemenceau's newspaper. That letter by this author states that an act of espionage was committed by Major Esterhazy and that anti-Semitism resulted in the banishment to Devil's Island. For 10 points, name this French author who defended Alfred Dreyfus in his letter J'Accuse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 171 ], [ 172, 271 ], [ 272, 432 ], [ 433, 523 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "violin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This instrument is the soloist in Eduard Lalo's Symphonie Espagnole.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Violin", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e97c", "qanta_id": 31785, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This instrument is the soloist in Eduard Lalo's Symphonie Espagnole. Felix Mendelssohn wrote a concerto for this instrument that has been played by Sarah Chang. J.S. Bach wrote a Chaconne in one of his Partitas for this instrument that has four strings tuned G-D-A-E. Itzhak Perlman plays this instrument. Twenty Four Caprices for this instrument inspired Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini. Two of these instruments are found in a string quartet. For 10 points, name this instrument that is higher pitched than the cello and viola.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 160 ], [ 161, 305 ], [ 306, 403 ], [ 404, 459 ], [ 460, 544 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q2", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Marc-Joseph du Fresne was killed in this nation that was originally called Staten Landt by the first European to land here at Murderer's Bay.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_Zealand", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e9ac", "qanta_id": 31833, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Marc-Joseph du Fresne was killed in this nation that was originally called Staten Landt by the first European to land here at Murderer's Bay. During the 1830s, it was home to a series of Musket Wars that led to the enslavement of many of the people of the Chatham Islands. In 1835, it saw a declaration of independence signed under the auspices of James Busby. William Hobson oversaw what was in effect its annexation into Great Britain via the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi. Home to the Maori (may-\"OAR\"-ee), this is, for 10 points, what nation with North and South islands home to the cities of Auckland and Wellington?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 272 ], [ 273, 360 ], [ 361, 469 ], [ 470, 615 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Pallas {Athena} [accept {Athene}; accept {Pallas}; accept {Minerva} before read]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity was nurtured in Zeus's stomach when Zeus swallowed her mother Metis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athena", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e9d6", "qanta_id": 31875, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity was nurtured in Zeus's stomach when Zeus swallowed her mother Metis. This deity engaged in a contest in which Poseidon created the first horse, and she became the namesake of a city after she offered the first olive tree. The head of the Gorgon Medusa is at the center of this goddess's shield, the Aegis. The Roman equivalent of this goddess is Minerva. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of knowledge and justice, the namesake of a Greek city-state.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 232 ], [ 233, 316 ], [ 317, 365 ], [ 366, 466 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{ozone} [accept {O3} before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Old rubber tires often \"crack\" when exposed to this compound, whose concentration is reported in Dobson units.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ozone", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e9e5", "qanta_id": 31890, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Old rubber tires often \"crack\" when exposed to this compound, whose concentration is reported in Dobson units. The Chapman cycle describes the production and degradation of this compound, which at low temperatures forms a dark blue liquid. It takes its name from the Greek \"to smell,\" and its odor can be observed during lightning strikes. In the atmosphere, this compound is broken down by compounds called chlorofluorocarbons (KLOR-oh-FLOOR-oh-CAR-buns). For 10 points, name this compound that forms a namesake layer in the atmosphere that shields the Earth from ultraviolet light, with formula O3.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 239 ], [ 240, 339 ], [ 340, 456 ], [ 457, 600 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Peter} I of Russia [or {Peter} the Great of Russia; or {Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov}; prompt on", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler occupied Finland in a period known as the Greater Wrath, Following his selection by the Duma, a rebellion of the Streltsy was led by his future regent, Sofia Alekseyevna.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e9ea", "qanta_id": 31895, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler occupied Finland in a period known as the Greater Wrath, Following his selection by the Duma, a rebellion of the Streltsy was led by his future regent, Sofia Alekseyevna. He fought the battles of Narva and Poltava in a conflict ended by the Treaty of Nystad, the Great Northern War against Sweden. This leader implemented a tax on beards and promoted European dress and customs. For 10 points, name this modernizign tsar of Russia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 308 ], [ 309, 389 ], [ 390, 442 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alfred Lord {Tennyson}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet was inspired by Measure to Measure to write about a woman who mourns \"'My life is dreary, he cometh not\" while waiting for Angelo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550e9f6", "qanta_id": 31907, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet was inspired by Measure to Measure to write about a woman who mourns \"'My life is dreary, he cometh not\" while waiting for Angelo. This author of \"Mariana\" wrote about a creature that lives \"Below the thunders of the upper deep\" in \"The Kraken.\" This poet was inspired by Arthurian legend to write his collection The Idylls of the King. This author wrote one poem about a figure who decides \"To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield\" and another about a group who \"rode into the valley of death.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"Ulysses\" and \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 201 ], [ 201, 254 ], [ 254, 346 ], [ 347, 510 ], [ 510, 593 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Franz Peter {Schubert}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He set a sequence of Wilhelm Mueller's poetry to music in Die Schoene Muellerin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Schubert", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ea03", "qanta_id": 31920, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He set a sequence of Wilhelm Mueller's poetry to music in Die Schoene Muellerin. He also set Mueller's poems such as \"The Hurdy-Gurdy Man\" in his Winterreise (vin-tur-EYE-suh) or Winter Journey. This composer reworked his piece Die Forelle (DEE for-EL-uh) into a quintet. Dietrich Fisher-Deskau recorded his songs, including \"The Erlking.\" His second-to-last symphony has only two movements and an incomplete scherzo. For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of the Trout Quintet and his eighth symphony, the Unfinished, also famed for his lieder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 194 ], [ 195, 271 ], [ 272, 339 ], [ 340, 417 ], [ 418, 549 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Aida", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this opera, a grand concertato finale to Act Two includes \"Gloria all'Egitto.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aida", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ea06", "qanta_id": 31923, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this opera, a grand concertato finale to Act Two includes \"Gloria all'Egitto.\" In Act One, the title character sings \"Ritorna Vincitor\" (ree-TOR-nah VEEN-kuh-tor). \"O Patria Mia\" is an aria in this opera about the title character's homeland, which is at war with her captors. This opera includes the characters Amonasro and Ramfis. This opera concludes with Amneris at the tomb of Radames, where he dies along with the title character, a slave. For 10 points, name this opera, named after an Ethiopian princess and set in Egypt, by Guiseppe Verdi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 168 ], [ 168, 278 ], [ 279, 334 ], [ 335, 447 ], [ 448, 550 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation is home to the Buddhist monuments of Borobudur and Prambanan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ea19", "qanta_id": 31942, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation is home to the Buddhist monuments of Borobudur and Prambanan. This country also shares an island with a nation with capital at Dili, Timor, and controls the islands which were the destination of Ferdinand Magellan, the Moluccas, or Spice Islands. This nation is also home to a volcano whose eruption created the Year Without a Summer, Mount Krakatoa. Its western province of Aceh was devastated by a tsunami in 2004. For 10 points, name this nation which includes the islands of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo with capital at Jakarta.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 258 ], [ 259, 362 ], [ 363, 428 ], [ 429, 541 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Anne {Bradstreet}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author addresses a subject who, if asked, should say that its father did not exist and that its mother threw it from her door due to poverty, in her poem \"The Author to Her Book.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anne_Bradstreet", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ea5c", "qanta_id": 32009, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author addresses a subject who, if asked, should say that its father did not exist and that its mother threw it from her door due to poverty, in her poem \"The Author to Her Book.\" A posthumous collection of her poems contains \"To My Dear and Loving Husband,\" but she had gained some notice during her lifetime when her brother-in-law John Woodbridge published some of her manuscripts. For 10 points, name this early American poet, who lamented the loss of her possessions in Upon the Burning of Our House, and whose works were collected in The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up In America.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 183, 232 ], [ 232, 389 ], [ 390, 588 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "William {Wordsworth}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one sonnet, this poet remembers pausing in the morning to feel a \"calm so deep\" caused by \"all that mighty heart...lying still.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Wordsworth", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ea65", "qanta_id": 32018, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one sonnet, this poet remembers pausing in the morning to feel a \"calm so deep\" caused by \"all that mighty heart...lying still.\" In addition to \"Sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge,\" this poet wrote that he'd rather \"be a pagan, suckled in a creed outworn\" in another sonnet. In one poem, this poet claims that a \"green pastoral landscape\" is \"more dear...for thy sake\" when addressing his sister Dorothy. That poem begins \"five years have passed.\" This poet of \"The World is Too Much with Us\" wrote that he \"wandered lonely as a cloud\" in \"Daffodils.\" For 10 points, name this British poet of \"Tintern Abbey.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 282 ], [ 283, 412 ], [ 413, 454 ], [ 454, 559 ], [ 560, 617 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Koran} [or {Qur'an}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It can be divided into thirty ajza (AJ-zah) each containing two ahzab (AH-zahb), or into seven stations called manazil (MAH-nah-zeel).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quran", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ea75", "qanta_id": 32034, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It can be divided into thirty ajza (AJ-zah) each containing two ahzab (AH-zahb), or into seven stations called manazil (MAH-nah-zeel). Translated by Salman the Persian and Robert of Ketton, it is analyzed spiritually through tawil (tah-WEEL) and its commentary is known as tafsir (TAHF-seer). Its second chapter tells of how Samiri constructed the golden calf and was banished after Moses's return. Each of its chapters except the ninth opens with the basmala (bahs-MAHL-lah); those 114 chapters are known as suras. For 10 points, name this holy text of Islam.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 292 ], [ 293, 398 ], [ 399, 515 ], [ 516, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{spleen}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Though it is not the kidneys, the tissue surrounding arteries in this organ is called a Malpighian (mal-PEE-gee-uhn) body.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spleen", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ea99", "qanta_id": 32070, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Though it is not the kidneys, the tissue surrounding arteries in this organ is called a Malpighian (mal-PEE-gee-uhn) body. One type of tissue in this organ is made up of Cords of Billroth. Along with the liver and bone marrow, the body stores ferritin (FAIR-it-in) bound iron in this organ. The two main types of tissue in this organ meet at the \"marginal zone.\" Along with the thymus, this part of the lymphatic system is the only organ that contains efferent lymphatic vessels. This organ is made up of red pulp and white pulp. For 10 points, name this organ that removes old red blood cells from the blood.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 188 ], [ 189, 290 ], [ 291, 362 ], [ 363, 479 ], [ 480, 529 ], [ 530, 609 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Thorstein Bunde {Veblen}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker defined sabotage as the \"conscientious withdraw of efficiency\" and noted businessmen's profit-seeking as an example.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thorstein_Veblen", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eaaf", "qanta_id": 32092, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker defined sabotage as the \"conscientious withdraw of efficiency\" and noted businessmen's profit-seeking as an example. He expressed his hope for technocracy in The Engineers and the Price System. This writer criticized esoteric learning without meaning in a work whose title group develops out of barbarism. War, hunting, and sports support a certain predatory group according to, for 10 points, what economist, who attacked \"pecuniary emulsion\" and \"conspicuous consumption\" in The Theory of the Leisure Class?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 206 ], [ 207, 318 ], [ 319, 522 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NASAT Tryout Set", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Milan {Kundera}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about a character who is forced to become a window cleaner after publishing an article about Oedipus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Milan_Kundera", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eace", "qanta_id": 32123, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about a character who is forced to become a window cleaner after publishing an article about Oedipus. In that novel, the protagonists own a dog that dies of cancer, named Karenin. Franz and (*) Sabina are characters created by this author in a novel whose protagonists die when they are crushed while changing a tire. In a novel featuring Tomas and Teresa, this author wrote about a female photographer taking pictures of tanks rolling in to crush the Prague Spring. For 10 points, name this Czech author of The Unbearable Lightness of Being.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 197 ], [ 198, 335 ], [ 336, 484 ], [ 485, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Along with John Hicks, this man developed a theory of normal backwardation in futures trading.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eae4", "qanta_id": 32145, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Along with John Hicks, this man developed a theory of normal backwardation in futures trading. This man led the British delegation at the Breton Woods Conference; after an earlier postwar settlement, he denounced the heavy (*) reparations placed on Germany in his Economic Consequences of the Peace. He introduced the concept of demand-determined economic output in a work describing how government fiscal policy could regulate extremes in business cycles. For 10 points, name this author of the General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 299 ], [ 300, 456 ], [ 457, 546 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Freya}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure once disguised her lover Ottar as a boar, and she owns a falcon skin that allows the wearer to transform into a bird.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Freyja", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eae6", "qanta_id": 32147, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure once disguised her lover Ottar as a boar, and she owns a falcon skin that allows the wearer to transform into a bird. Her mother Skaoi is the goddess of winter and archery. The giant Thrym refused to return Mjolnir unless he was allowed to marry this figure, who rides in a chariot drawn by (*) cats. She receives half of all slain warriors in her hall, Folkvangr, and Loki once stole her necklace Brisingamen. For 10 points, identify this Norse goddess of love and beauty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 184 ], [ 185, 312 ], [ 313, 422 ], [ 423, 485 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "inflation", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The costs that make responding to this phenomenon irrational are termed either menu costs or shoeleather costs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inflation", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eaf2", "qanta_id": 32159, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The costs that make responding to this phenomenon irrational are termed either menu costs or shoeleather costs. The NAIRU (NAY-roo) gives the lowest possible level of unemployment at which this phenomenon increases. The real interest rate on a loan is calculated by subtracting the rate of this phenomenon from the (*) nominal interest rate. The relationship between this phenomenon and unemployment is shown in the Phillips Curve. It is measured by the Consumer Price Index. For 10 points, name this general rise in prices over time.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 115 ], [ 116, 215 ], [ 216, 341 ], [ 342, 431 ], [ 432, 475 ], [ 476, 534 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Ra} [or {Re}; or {Re}-{Horakhty}; or {Amun}-{Re}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Isis once poisoned this god in order to blackmail him into divulging his true name.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ra", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eaf8", "qanta_id": 32165, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Isis once poisoned this god in order to blackmail him into divulging his true name. Another story says that Thoth had to make 1,077 pleas in order to convince the goddess representing his eye to return home. Mehen and Set helped defend this god when he traveled on the barque (\"BARK\") Mandjet, during which time he was attacked by the (*) serpent Apep. He sent Hathor to Earth in the form of Sekhmet to punish man, and he was often syncretized with Amun. For 10 points, identify this Egyptian god of the sun.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 207 ], [ 208, 284 ], [ 285, 352 ], [ 353, 454 ], [ 455, 508 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Saint {Paul} [or {Saul} of {Tarsus}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man was lowered over a wall in a basket to escape from a city where he had been greeted by Ananias.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paul_the_Apostle", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eafe", "qanta_id": 32171, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man was lowered over a wall in a basket to escape from a city where he had been greeted by Ananias. He brought food from Antioch to Jerusalem to help relieve a famine; like his mission to Cyprus, that journey was undertaken with (*) Barnabas. He participated in the stoning of St. Stephen, but converted to Christianity after hearing a voice ask \"Why do you persecute me?\" on the road to Damascus. For 10 points, name this author of epistles to the Romans, Corinthians, and several other groups, who along with Peter is the main focus of the Acts of the Apostles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 247 ], [ 248, 402 ], [ 403, 568 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Justinian} I [or {Justinian} the Great; prompt on {Justinian}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler's Syrian treasurer Peter Barsymes speculated recklessly on grains and set up a silk monopoly.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Justinian_I", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb10", "qanta_id": 32189, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler's Syrian treasurer Peter Barsymes speculated recklessly on grains and set up a silk monopoly. His general Mundus helped put down a rebellion led by Hypatius that began at the (*) Hippodrome. Tribonian revised this man's namesake legal code, and Procopius wrote a Secret History in which he attacked this ruler's empress as a tyrannical harlot. He sent Narses and Belisarius to put down the Nika Riots and constructed the Hagia Sophia. For 10 points, name this husband of Theodora, a Byzantine emperor known as \"the Great.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 201 ], [ 202, 354 ], [ 355, 445 ], [ 446, 533 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Cnidaria", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Some of these organisms possess ptychocysts (TIKE-oh-sists), which help to create the tube in which they live.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cnidaria", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb1d", "qanta_id": 32202, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some of these organisms possess ptychocysts (TIKE-oh-sists), which help to create the tube in which they live. This phylum is characterized by the presence of nematocysts, which are (*) poison-injecting organelles. This phylum's body plan includes a jelly-like middle layer called the mesoglea, and its two body forms are the polyp, like sea anemones, and medusa, like the Portuguese man-of-war. For 10 points, name this phylum that includes corals and jellyfish, named for its stinging cells.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 214 ], [ 215, 395 ], [ 396, 493 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{I and the Village}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A man in this painting wears a green hat and carries a scythe next to a woman in a blue skirt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I_and_the_Village", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb22", "qanta_id": 32207, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A man in this painting wears a green hat and carries a scythe next to a woman in a blue skirt. A scene at the left of thing painting depicts a woman in a green skirt milking a white (*) cow. The curving horizon at the back of this painting contains a row of houses, two of which are upside-down. Two overlarge figures loom at the left and right of this painting, and one of those figures holds a tree in his hand at the bottom middle of this work. For 10 points, name this painting that shows a lamb nose-to-nose with a green-faced man, a work of Marc Chagall.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 190 ], [ 191, 295 ], [ 296, 447 ], [ 448, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Raphael} [or {Raffaello Sanzio}; or {Raffaello Santi}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted Jesus floating above an altar, while doctors of the church and saints like Thomas Aquinas discuss the Eucharist, in one of the Pope's stanzae.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Raphael", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb31", "qanta_id": 32222, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted Jesus floating above an altar, while doctors of the church and saints like Thomas Aquinas discuss the Eucharist, in one of the Pope's stanzae. That work, The Disputation of the Sacrament, is found in the same building as a work of this painter that shows (*) Plato holding his Timaeus. He painted Pythagoras, Aristotle, Diogenes, and Heraclitus in one work. Two contemplative putti, or angels, appear at the bottom of his Sistine Madonna. For 10 points, name this Renaissance painter of The School of Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 305 ], [ 306, 377 ], [ 378, 458 ], [ 459, 528 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Alexander} the Great [or {Alexander III}; or {Alexander} of {Macedonia}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While his father was attacking Byzantium, this man defeated the Maeci.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb3d", "qanta_id": 32234, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While his father was attacking Byzantium, this man defeated the Maeci. He served as commander of the left flank at the Battle of Chaeronea, and was responsible for defeating the Sacred Band of Thebes. He occupied Babylon after winning the battle of (*) Gaugamela. He also won a battle at Issus as part of his war against the Persian king Darius the third. After his death, the Diadochi ruled the Macedonian empire he created. For 10 points, name this son of Philip the Great who created a Hellenistic empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 200 ], [ 201, 263 ], [ 264, 355 ], [ 356, 425 ], [ 426, 508 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Charlemagne} [or {Carolus Magnus}; or {Carolus Augustus}; or {Karl der Grosse}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He maintained a system of missi dominici to keep subordinate rulers from getting too powerful.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb51", "qanta_id": 32254, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He maintained a system of missi dominici to keep subordinate rulers from getting too powerful. His primary contemporary biographer listed him as seven feet tall, but his remains reveal that he was only six feet, three inches tall. After conquering the Avars, he started a Drang nach Osten to expand Christianity to the east, and also defeated (*) Basques near Roncesvalles, an incident described in the Song of Roland. For 10 points, name this Frankish king, son of Pepin the Short, who, in 800 CE, was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 230 ], [ 231, 418 ], [ 419, 540 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{electronegativity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This can be measured on the Allen scale. One method of calculating this quantity defines it as the average of ionization energy and electron affinity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electronegativity", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb59", "qanta_id": 32262, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This can be measured on the Allen scale. One method of calculating this quantity defines it as the average of ionization energy and electron affinity. On the periodic table, it increases as one goes up and to the (*) right, so that cesium has the lowest value for this quantity and fluorine the highest. For 10 points, name this quantity which can also be described by the Mulliken and Pauling scales and describes an atom's ability to attract electrons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 303 ], [ 304, 454 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Peter} the {Great} [or {Peter} I; prompt on {Peter}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's country was attacked by Ahmed III in the Pruth campaign.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb5b", "qanta_id": 32264, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's country was attacked by Ahmed III in the Pruth campaign. This leader avenged an earlier loss at Narva by crushing the forces of Charles (*) XII at the battle of Poltava, thus winning the Great Northern War against Sweden. This ruler wrestled boyars to the ground to cut off their beards and boasted about his ability in dentistry, shoe-making and boat building. For 10 points, name this westernizing tsar who built a namesake city to replace Moscow as the Russian capital.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 232 ], [ 233, 372 ], [ 373, 483 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Rudyard {Kipling}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One novel by this author includes an aging holy man who seeks \"The River of the Arrow.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rudyard_Kipling", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb5c", "qanta_id": 32265, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One novel by this author includes an aging holy man who seeks \"The River of the Arrow.\" This author wrote a novel about the spoiled railway heir Harvey Cheyne who takes a job with the fishing boat We're Here after falling overboard. This author wrote a poem in which the narrator admits \"You're a better man than I am\" to a native (*) water carrier. This author of Captain's Courageous and \"Gunga Din\" wrote about an orphan's participation in the Great Game in Kim. For 10 points, name this author of The Jungle Book.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 86, 87 ], [ 88, 196 ], [ 197, 232 ], [ 233, 349 ], [ 350, 465 ], [ 466, 517 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Otto von {Bismarck} [accept {Otto Eduard Leopold von Bimarck}; prompt on {Iron Chancellor}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This politician negotiated the Reinsurance Treaty to bolster the Three Emperors League and carefully edited a communique sent by Count Benedetti.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_von_Bismarck", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb6c", "qanta_id": 32281, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This politician negotiated the Reinsurance Treaty to bolster the Three Emperors League and carefully edited a communique sent by Count Benedetti. He claimed that the great questions of his age would not be resolved by \"speeches and majority decisions,\" but by (*) \"iron and blood.\" This man expelled the Jesuits, and this practitioner of Realpolitik doctored the Ems Dispatch to prompt the Franco-Prussian War. For 10 points, name this instigator of the Kulturkampf who presided over the unification of Germany as the \"Iron Chancellor\" of Prussia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 280 ], [ 280, 410 ], [ 411, 547 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Sicily} [or {Sicilia}; or the Kingdom of the {Two Sicilies}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Rule over this place was secured by the Peace of Caltabellotta, which made it part of the Angevin Empire.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sicily", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb73", "qanta_id": 32288, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Rule over this place was secured by the Peace of Caltabellotta, which made it part of the Angevin Empire. A namesake \"kingdom\" of this place was founded by Robert Guiscard after the Normans expelled the Moors from this island. In classical times, this island was where the (*) tyrants Hieron and Dionysus ruled; in the Middle Ages, a revolt against the abuses of Charles of Anjou was known as its namesake \"Vespers.\" For 10 points, name this island, which was governed in ancient times from Syracuse and in 1860 was joined politically to the rest of Italy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 226 ], [ 227, 416 ], [ 417, 556 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Brazil} [or {Brasil}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Under the slogan \"fifty years of progress in five,\" this country experienced rapid economic growth during the 1950s rule of Juscelino Kubitschek (JOO-cell-EE-no COO-bit-CHECK).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb80", "qanta_id": 32301, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Under the slogan \"fifty years of progress in five,\" this country experienced rapid economic growth during the 1950s rule of Juscelino Kubitschek (JOO-cell-EE-no COO-bit-CHECK). This country's monarchy was overthrown in a coup led by Deodoro da Fonseca, who became its first president. The Great Depression helped this country's longtime dictator (*) Getulio Vargas take power. In 1822, this country's first emperor, Pedro I, declared its independence from Portugal. For 10 points, name this South American country discovered by Pedro Cabral.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 284 ], [ 285, 376 ], [ 377, 465 ], [ 466, 541 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "David Herbert {Lawrence}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this writer's novels, Richard Lovatt Somers visits Sydney, Australia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "D._H._Lawrence", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550eb9b", "qanta_id": 32328, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this writer's novels, Richard Lovatt Somers visits Sydney, Australia. Besides Kangaroo, he wrote about an anarchist blowing up a flute in Aaron's Rod. John Field gives Gertrude a Bible and (*) Paul has affairs with Miriam Leivers and the suffragette Clara Dawes in this man's novel centered on the Morel family. The adultery between Mellors and Sir Clifford's wife in another of his works led to an obscenity trial in Britain. For 10 points, name this novelist of Sons and Lovers and Lady Chatterley's Lover.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 160 ], [ 161, 198 ], [ 199, 202 ], [ 203, 321 ], [ 322, 436 ], [ 437, 518 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{endoplasmic} reticulum [or ER]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Important proteins in this organelle include UGGT, protein disulfide isomerase, and calnexin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Endoplasmic_reticulum", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ebb0", "qanta_id": 32349, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Important proteins in this organelle include UGGT, protein disulfide isomerase, and calnexin. Cells in muscles contain a modified form of this organelle that stores calcium. A retention signal for this organelle is KDEL, and, in this organelle, initial N-glycosylation is performed. This organelle plays a critical role in the (*) folding of some proteins and thus the signal recognition particle targets growing polypeptides and the attached ribosome to this organelle. For 10 points, name this organelle that comes in rough and smooth forms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 173 ], [ 174, 282 ], [ 283, 470 ], [ 471, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich {Hegel}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Walter Kaufmann offered a \"reinterpretation\" of this thinker, whose works inspired an Alexander Kojeve book about \"reading\" him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ebbc", "qanta_id": 32361, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Walter Kaufmann offered a \"reinterpretation\" of this thinker, whose works inspired an Alexander Kojeve book about \"reading\" him. This man claimed that the title concept progressed westward from Asia to Europe, bypassing Africa, in his Lectures on the Philosophy of History. He wrote the first volume of a planned \"System of Science,\" which claims that all power relationships can be boiled down to the (*) dialectic. For 10 points, name this German idealist who wrote works like the Philosophy of Right and The Phenomenology of Spirit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 273 ], [ 274, 416 ], [ 417, 502 ], [ 503, 535 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{mollusca} [or {molluscs}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Studying this phylum outside of Paris inspired Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of evolution of acquired traits.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mollusca", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ebc3", "qanta_id": 32368, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Studying this phylum outside of Paris inspired Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of evolution of acquired traits. The anatomy of this phylum contains a dorsal body wall that can excrete a calcium carbonate protective layer. In addition to a \"mantle,\" all organisms in this phylum contain a structure that facilitates motility, called a (*) \"foot.\" The \"bivalve\" organisms of this phylum typically excrete shells. For 10 points, name this largest marine animal phylum that contains classes of gastropods and cephalopods, and whose members include squids and clams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 220 ], [ 221, 343 ], [ 343, 409 ], [ 410, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jesus {Christ} [or {Jesus} Christ; or clear-knowledge equivalents]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a painting by El Greco, this man wears a red tunic which is about to be ripped off by a man in green.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jesus", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ebd1", "qanta_id": 32382, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a painting by El Greco, this man wears a red tunic which is about to be ripped off by a man in green. In addition to that painting of \"the disrobing\" of this figure, he is depicted with extremely foreshortened feet in Andrea Mantegna's painting of his (*) corpse. Caravaggio controversially depicted him without a beard in The Supper at Emmaus, and also painted him calling Matthew to become one of his disciples. For 10 points, name this common subject of religious paintings showing his crucifixion by the Romans.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 266 ], [ 267, 416 ], [ 417, 518 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Thomas Ruggles {Pynchon}, Jr.", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about a party held by Meatball Mulligan in the short story \"Entropy,\" which appears in his collection Slow Learner.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Pynchon", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ebed", "qanta_id": 32410, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about a party held by Meatball Mulligan in the short story \"Entropy,\" which appears in his collection Slow Learner. A muted post horn is the symbol of the Trystero corporation in a novel by this author about (*) Oedipa Maas. He also wrote a novel beginning \"A screaming comes across the sky\" dealing with the construction of German V-2 rockets and centering on Tyrone Slothrop. For 10 points, name this author of The Crying of Lot 49 and Gravity's Rainbow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 242 ], [ 243, 395 ], [ 396, 474 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Mary Flannery {O'Connor}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story by this author, Julian accompanies his bigoted mother, Mrs. Chestney, on an integrated bus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Flannery_O'Connor", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ebf2", "qanta_id": 32415, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story by this author, Julian accompanies his bigoted mother, Mrs. Chestney, on an integrated bus. This author wrote a novel in which Enoch Emery steals a mummy from a museum while working with the preacher Hazel Motes. This author of (*) \"Everything that Rises Must Converge\" and Wise Blood wrote a short story in which the Grandmother takes her family to Red Sammy's Diner before being killed by the Misfit. For 10 points, name this exemplar of the Southern Gothic style who wrote \"A Good Man is Hard to Find.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 225 ], [ 226, 415 ], [ 416, 518 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Eugene {Delacroix} ({del}-{uh}-{CWAH}) [or Ferdinand Victor Eugene {Delacroix}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This painter depicted treasures lining the floor and soldiers stabbing writhing concubines as a monarch in white and gold reclines on a bed in his The Death of Sardanapalus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ebfa", "qanta_id": 32423, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This painter depicted treasures lining the floor and soldiers stabbing writhing concubines as a monarch in white and gold reclines on a bed in his The Death of Sardanapalus. This artist also executed a work that includes dead revolutionaries on the ground and a boy waving two (*) pistols. Central to that painting is a bare-breasted woman who holds a musket in one hand and the tricolored French flag in the other. For 10 points, name this French painter of Liberty Leading the People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 289 ], [ 290, 415 ], [ 416, 486 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Giuseppi {Garibaldi}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man led a legion of the navy during the Uruguayan Civil War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Garibaldi", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ebfc", "qanta_id": 32425, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man led a legion of the navy during the Uruguayan Civil War. He objected to the granting of Savoy and Nice (NEECE) to France under the terms of the Treaty of Villafranca, which contributed to his dislike of (*) Camillo Cavour. The annexation of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies by Sardinia resulted from this man's Expedition of the Thousand. For 10 points, name this figure of the Risorgimento (ree-SOR-jee-MEN-toh) who led the Red Shirts as part of his campaign to unify Italy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 231 ], [ 232, 346 ], [ 347, 483 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edvard {Grieg}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He commemorated \"the founder of Danish literature\" by composing the Holberg Suite. \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ec08", "qanta_id": 32437, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He commemorated \"the founder of Danish literature\" by composing the Holberg Suite. \"Wedding Day at Troldhaugen\" and \"March of the Trolls\" are part of his piano Lyrical Pieces. \"Solveig's Song,\" (*) \"Morning Mood\" and \"In the Hall of the Mountain King\" are in the first suite of his most notable work. For 10 points, name the romanticist composer of the incidental music for Peer Gynt, a play by Henrik Ibsen, a fellow Norwegian.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 84, 177 ], [ 177, 300 ], [ 301, 428 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John Maxwell {Coetzee}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, the Magistrate attempts to return a crippled, blinded girl to her people following Colonel Joll's brutality.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "J._M._Coetzee", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ec09", "qanta_id": 32438, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this author, the Magistrate attempts to return a crippled, blinded girl to her people following Colonel Joll's brutality. This author of Waiting for the Barbarians wrote about Lucy welcoming her father David Lurie to her home, after David loses his job as a professor for (*) seducing a student. For 10 points, name this South African author of Disgrace and a work about a harelipped gardener, Life & Times of Michael K.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 311 ], [ 312, 436 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Meiji} restoration [or {Meiji Ishin}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This movement consulted with German academic Rudolf von Gneist to create a constitution.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Meiji_Restoration", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ec0e", "qanta_id": 32443, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This movement consulted with German academic Rudolf von Gneist to create a constitution. One uprising against this movement was led by Saigo and was called the Satsuma rebellion. An important document of this movement was the (*) Charter Oath. Reforms resulting from this movement included the repartitioning of the daimyo's land. The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown and the emperor was returned to power during, for 10 points, what nineteenth century movement which Westernized Japan?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 178 ], [ 179, 243 ], [ 244, 330 ], [ 331, 487 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Lord of the Flies", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Two characters in this work claim they have found a beast when they come upon the body of a downed pilot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lord_of_the_Flies", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ec1b", "qanta_id": 32456, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two characters in this work claim they have found a beast when they come upon the body of a downed pilot. A silent conversation in this work seems to take place between Simon and an animal head on a pole. Two groups form early on in this novel, one of which is originally made up only of (*) choir boys. One rule created in it gives the right of speech to the holder of a conch shell. A boulder in this novel kills Piggy, who sides with Ralph against Jack. For 10 points, name this novel about a group of boys stranded on an island, by William Golding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 204 ], [ 205, 303 ], [ 304, 384 ], [ 385, 456 ], [ 457, 552 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "violin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Forty-two etudes for this instrument were written by Rodolphe Kreutzer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Violin", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ec2e", "qanta_id": 32475, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Forty-two etudes for this instrument were written by Rodolphe Kreutzer. Beethoven wrote a sonata for piano and this instrument for Kreutzer. Yehudi Menuhin performed Elgar's concerto for this instrument with the composer conducting. This instrument was played professionally by Isaac (*) Stern, Jascha Heifetz, and Fritz Kreisler. Itzhak Pearlman plays this instrument. Two of them appear in a string quartet. For 10 points, name this wooden instrument played with a bow, which is higher pitched than a cello or viola.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 140 ], [ 141, 232 ], [ 233, 330 ], [ 331, 369 ], [ 370, 409 ], [ 410, 518 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Mead}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This anthropologist studied female-dominated tribes in Papua New Guinea, including the Arapesh and the Tchambuli [cham-BOO-li], in her book Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "54769931ea23cca90550ec2f", "qanta_id": 32476, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This anthropologist studied female-dominated tribes in Papua New Guinea, including the Arapesh and the Tchambuli [cham-BOO-li], in her book Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. Derek (*) Freeman considered the results of her most famous study to be an \"anthropological myth.\" That study investigated adolescence in a village on the island of Tau. For 10 points, name this American anthropologist who wrote Coming of Age in Samoa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 195 ], [ 196, 287 ], [ 287, 359 ], [ 360, 442 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The Last {Supper} [or {Il Cenacolo}; or {L'ultima cena}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One version of this scene depicts a washer-woman with her hand in a bucket, looking at two male servants clad in blue and green.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Last_Supper", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec3a", "qanta_id": 32487, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One version of this scene depicts a washer-woman with her hand in a bucket, looking at two male servants clad in blue and green. That version of this scene shows a cloud of ethereal spirits around a lamp at the upper left, and places the main participants of this scene on a diagonal axis. In addition to (*) Tintoretto's rendition, another painting of this event shows an effeminate John to the left of a blue-sashed figure who holds his palms upward on a long table. For 10 points, name this depiction of Christ's final meal.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 289 ], [ 290, 308 ], [ 309, 468 ], [ 469, 527 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "George Bernard {Shaw}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author grouped some of his plays into such divisions as Plays Pleasant, Plays Unpleasant, and Plays for Puritans.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Bernard_Shaw", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec64", "qanta_id": 32529, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author grouped some of his plays into such divisions as Plays Pleasant, Plays Unpleasant, and Plays for Puritans. The title character of one play by this man is engaged to the scholar Adolphus Cusins and debates accepting money from the munitions manufacturer Andrew (*) Undershaft. Another play by this author includes the Hungarian Nepommuck and Colonel Pickering, who bets against Henry Higgins' ploy to turn a cockney flower seller into a lady. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of Major Barbara who wrote of Eliza Doolittle in Pygmalion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 287 ], [ 288, 453 ], [ 454, 555 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Rene {Descartes} (day-CART)", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man argued against empiricism by noting that melting wax changes some of the wax's qualities, yet we know it is the same wax.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec66", "qanta_id": 32531, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man argued against empiricism by noting that melting wax changes some of the wax's qualities, yet we know it is the same wax. This man was asked by Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia to explain how an immaterial soul can cause a body to move in a correspondence. He claimed that he could (*) doubt everything except the fact that he exists. He is the namesake of a belief in mind-body dualism. For 10 points, name this author of Discourse on the Method and Meditations on First Philosophy, who is credited with saying \"I think, therefore I am.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 262 ], [ 263, 340 ], [ 341, 393 ], [ 394, 544 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edward Estlin {Cummings}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote about a conscientious objector who \"was more brave than me, more blond than you\" in his poem \"i sing of Olaf glad and big.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._E._Cummings", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec6e", "qanta_id": 32539, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote about a conscientious objector who \"was more brave than me, more blond than you\" in his poem \"i sing of Olaf glad and big.\" Zulu and the jester Surplice (sur-PLEECE) are among the characters in La Ferte Mace (fert MOSS) concentration camp in this author's autobiographical novel (*) The Enormous Room. Another poem by this man begins \"anyone lived in a pretty how town.\" For 10 points, name this American poet who often shunned traditional punctuation and capitalization.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 316 ], [ 317, 385 ], [ 386, 486 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Thorstein {Veblen}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In his best-known work, this economist argued that sports such as football result in a \"one-sided return to barbarism.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thorstein_Veblen", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec75", "qanta_id": 32546, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In his best-known work, this economist argued that sports such as football result in a \"one-sided return to barbarism.\" He wrote a work on \"the conduct of universities by business men\" titled The Higher Learning In America. He also wrote about the (*) \"captains of industry\" in The Theory of Business Enterprise. For 10 points, name this Norwegian-American economist who coined the term \"conspicuous consumption\" in The Theory of the Leisure Class.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 223 ], [ 224, 312 ], [ 313, 448 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edvard {Munch}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man painted a woman dressed in black holding the hand of a bedridden girl, in a work based on the death of his sister.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Munch", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec7e", "qanta_id": 32555, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man painted a woman dressed in black holding the hand of a bedridden girl, in a work based on the death of his sister. This painter of The Sick Child created a work showing a red-haired woman comforting a man, called Love and Pain. That work has mistakenly become called Vampire, and is part of this man's (*) Frieze of Life series. Another of his works from that series shows two figures on the left under a red sky, behind a face-grabbing central figure with his mouth agape. For 10 points, name this Norwegian painter of The Scream.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 236 ], [ 237, 337 ], [ 338, 482 ], [ 483, 540 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This economist criticized his country's decision to return to the gold standard in \"The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec82", "qanta_id": 32559, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This economist criticized his country's decision to return to the gold standard in \"The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill.\" That title paralleled this economist's earlier criticism of the Treaty of Versailles, The Economic Consequences of the (*) Peace. This man's best-known work argued against liquidationism, claiming that governments could stimulate the economy through deficit spending. For 10 points, name this British economist who wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 127, 258 ], [ 259, 396 ], [ 397, 504 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{pendulums} [or large amplitude {pendulums}; or {double pendulums}; or simple {pendulums}; or", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The approximation for the period of these objects must include an infinite expansion when dealing the large amplitude variety of this object.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pendulum", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec8a", "qanta_id": 32567, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The approximation for the period of these objects must include an infinite expansion when dealing the large amplitude variety of this object. Chaotic systems can be displayed by setting a large one of these into motion. The period of the (*) simple type of this object equals two pi times the square root of its length over gravity. One type of this object is used to show the rotation of the earth and is named for Foucault (foo-KOH). For 10 points, name this physical object often demonstrated using a swinging mass suspended by a string.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 219 ], [ 220, 332 ], [ 333, 435 ], [ 436, 540 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Dylan Marlais {Thomas}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet remembers when \"I was young and easy under apple boughs\" and concludes \"I sang in my chains like the sea\" in his \"Fern Hill.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dylan_Thomas", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec8b", "qanta_id": 32568, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet remembers when \"I was young and easy under apple boughs\" and concludes \"I sang in my chains like the sea\" in his \"Fern Hill.\" He wrote another poem that describes \"wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight\" and how \"blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay.\" In that poem, he claims that (*) \"old age should burn and rave\" and urges \"rage, rage against the dying of the light.\" For 10 points, name this Welsh-born poet of \"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 279 ], [ 280, 398 ], [ 399, 483 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Gamal Abdel {Nasser}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This politician decried the forced removal of Ali Maher as an attack on his nation's sovereignty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gamal_Abdel_Nasser", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec98", "qanta_id": 32581, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This politician decried the forced removal of Ali Maher as an attack on his nation's sovereignty. After his country's defeat in a war with Israel, this man united with Muhammad Naguib to lead the Free Officers movement in a rebellion against the monarchy. Later, his undertaking of the (*) High Dam project in part caused the resulting reservoir to be named for him. His nationalization of a major waterway sparked the Suez Canal Crisis. For 10 points, name this Egyptian president and pan-Arab leader who was succeeded by Anwar Sadat.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 255 ], [ 256, 366 ], [ 367, 437 ], [ 438, 535 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Quetzalcoatl} ({ket}-{ZAL}-{co}-{ahh}-{tl})", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god threw himself onto a funeral pyre and then became the planet Venus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ec9e", "qanta_id": 32587, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god threw himself onto a funeral pyre and then became the planet Venus. He mixed the bones from the previous four worlds with his own blood to create humanity. The twin brother of this god is a dog-faced lightning deity named (*) Xolotl (SHO-lot-el). This god was once exiled by the \"smoking mirror\" Tezcatlipoca (TEZ-kat-lee-poe-kah). Because this god had light skin and a light beard, believers made the grave mistake of confusing this feathered serpent with Hernan Cortes (cor-TEZ). For 10 points, name this chief deity of the Aztecs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 164 ], [ 165, 255 ], [ 256, 340 ], [ 341, 490 ], [ 491, 542 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "War of {1812}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During this war, Phineas Riall declared \"Those are regulars, by God!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_1812", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550eca2", "qanta_id": 32591, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During this war, Phineas Riall declared \"Those are regulars, by God!\" Congreve rockets were used during the Battle of Bladensburg in this war. Oliver Perry declared \"We have met the enemy and they are ours\" after the Battle of (*) Lake Erie during this war. It was instigated due to the impressment controversy and the \"land hunger\" of the \"War Hawks.\" It included the burning of the White House, and was ended by the Treaty of Ghent. For 10 points, name this war between the U.S. and Britain, which began in the namesake year.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 142 ], [ 143, 257 ], [ 258, 351 ], [ 351, 434 ], [ 435, 527 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sigmund {Freud} [or Sigismund Schlomo {Freud}]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author claims that \"diffusion\" gives an organism a \"death-wish\" in a book explaining \"Eros\" and \"Thanatos\" titled Beyond the Pleasure Principle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sigmund_Freud", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ecab", "qanta_id": 32600, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author claims that \"diffusion\" gives an organism a \"death-wish\" in a book explaining \"Eros\" and \"Thanatos\" titled Beyond the Pleasure Principle. Another work by this author gives examples such as Otto's administration of some chemicals that caused an infection, which is called (*) \"Irma's Injection.\" Another of this man's patients was known as Anna O. For 10 points, name this psychologist who proposed a division of the psyche into the \"id,\" \"ego,\" and \"superego,\" and who wrote The Interpretation of Dreams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 306 ], [ 307, 358 ], [ 359, 516 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Claude Oscar {Monet} [do not accept \"Manet\"]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man painted boats at Le Havre (LAV-ruh) in a picture of a sunrise.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Monet", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ecb6", "qanta_id": 32611, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man painted boats at Le Havre (LAV-ruh) in a picture of a sunrise. He painted poppies near Argenteuil (ar-jen-TWEE) as a recurrent theme. One series of paintings by this man shows the Cathedral at Rouen at different times of day. He painted twenty-five images of (*) haystacks at different times of the year. He painted his pond with a Japanese bridge at his estate in Giverny (zhee-VAIR-nee), as well as Impression: Sunrise. For 10 points, name this impressionist painter of the Waterlilies series.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 142 ], [ 143, 234 ], [ 235, 313 ], [ 314, 430 ], [ 431, 504 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of {Mali} [or the {Mali Empire}; or the {Manding Empire}; or {Manden Kurafa}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This empire's capital moved from Niani to Kangaba after the reign of Mahmud III.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mali_Empire", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ecd4", "qanta_id": 32641, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This empire's capital moved from Niani to Kangaba after the reign of Mahmud III. It developed after a victory at the battle of Kirina over Sumanguru by this empire's founder, (*) Sundiata Keita. Another ruler of this kingdom was so rich that his gold-strewn pilgrimage to Mecca caused prices to shoot up in Cairo. For 10 points, name this West African kingdom, once ruled by Mansa Musa from the city of Timbuktu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 174 ], [ 175, 194 ], [ 195, 313 ], [ 314, 412 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Pablo {Neruda} [or Neftali Ricardo {Reyes Basoalto}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet acknowledged that \"if little by little you stop loving me I shall stop loving you little by little\" in \"If You Forget Me.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ecd9", "qanta_id": 32646, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet acknowledged that \"if little by little you stop loving me I shall stop loving you little by little\" in \"If You Forget Me.\" This man noted \"maybe January light will consume my heart\" in his poem \"I Do Not Love You Except Because I Love You.\" This poet wrote of a \"body of a woman\" with \"white hills, white thighs\" in the first of his (*) Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair. He included the section \"The Heights of Macchu Picchu\" in his collection Canto general. For 10 points, name this communist Chilean poet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 131, 205 ], [ 205, 222 ], [ 223, 229 ], [ 230, 249 ], [ 249, 387 ], [ 388, 475 ], [ 476, 524 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{San Francisco}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Surrounding this city are Yerba Buena Island and a revitalized neighborhood called Treasure Island.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "San_Francisco", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ecdf", "qanta_id": 32652, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Surrounding this city are Yerba Buena Island and a revitalized neighborhood called Treasure Island. Hunter Point was the site of its large naval shipyard and tourists typically enjoy seafood at its (*) Fisherman's Wharf. One section of this city is known as the Castro District and it contains the oldest Chinatown in North America. For 10 points, name this California city whose other major sites include Alcatraz Island and the Golden Gate Bridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 220 ], [ 221, 332 ], [ 333, 449 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "I. M. {Pei} [or {Ieoh Ming Pei}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Along with James Freed, this man designed a building in which forty-five-degree angle beams support dark tinted glass.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I._M._Pei", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ece5", "qanta_id": 32658, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Along with James Freed, this man designed a building in which forty-five-degree angle beams support dark tinted glass. This designer of the Jarvits Center also worked on projects like the Fragrant City Hotel and Hancock Tower. One of his buildings is supported by five steel columns to resemble growing (*) bamboo shoots. He consulted Feng Shui masters for his Bank of China Tower. He truncated a pyramid for his design to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. For 10 points, name architect who designed the pyramid entrance at the Louvre, who is Chinese-American.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 226 ], [ 227, 321 ], [ 322, 381 ], [ 382, 454 ], [ 455, 558 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sylvia {Plath}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote, \"Perfection is terrible, it cannot have children,\" in a poem that discusses pregnancy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sylvia_Plath", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ece6", "qanta_id": 32659, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote, \"Perfection is terrible, it cannot have children,\" in a poem that discusses pregnancy. This author of the poem \"The Munich Mannequins\" also wrote about \"you do not do, you do not do\" to open a poem about a man \"with a Meinkampf look.\" Philomena Guinea provides financial support for the protagonist of this writer's (*) only novel, in which a girl obsessed with the Rosenbergs undergoes psychiatric treatment with Dr. Nolan. For 10 points, name this American author who wrote about magazine intern girl Esther Greenwood in The Bell Jar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 253 ], [ 254, 443 ], [ 444, 555 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{angular momentum} [do not accept or prompt on \"momentum\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In light atoms, the spin and orbital types of this quantity are coupled by Russell-Saunders coupling.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Angular_momentum", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ece7", "qanta_id": 32660, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In light atoms, the spin and orbital types of this quantity are coupled by Russell-Saunders coupling. Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are used in the addition of this quantity. According to Noether's [NUH-ters] theorem, this quantity is conserved in (*) rotationally invariant systems. The time derivative of this quantity is equal to torque. For 10 points, name this quantity that is symbolized L and is the rotational analogue of linear momentum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 172 ], [ 173, 281 ], [ 282, 338 ], [ 339, 444 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Burrhus Frederic {Skinner}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this man explains verbal acts known as \"mands.\" Another work by this psychologist argues that the prevalence of a belief in free will has limited the possibility for social engineering.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B._F._Skinner", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ecef", "qanta_id": 32668, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man explains verbal acts known as \"mands.\" Another work by this psychologist argues that the prevalence of a belief in free will has limited the possibility for social engineering. This psychologist wrote Verbal Behavior and (*) Beyond Freedom and Dignity. He also invented an air crib for infants and experimented on pigeons. For 10 points, name this American behaviorist, who created a namesake box to research operant conditioning.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 273 ], [ 274, 343 ], [ 344, 451 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Zoroastrianism} [accept {Zarathustraism} until read]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Haoma plant plays an important role in this religion. In it, the idea of chaos and disorder is known as Druj and a group of divine spirits is called the (*) Amesha Spenta.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ecf6", "qanta_id": 32675, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Haoma plant plays an important role in this religion. In it, the idea of chaos and disorder is known as Druj and a group of divine spirits is called the (*) Amesha Spenta. This religion's evil spirit is referred to as Angra Mainyu. Adherents of this religion believe in exposing corpses to the elements, typically in structures known as Towers of Silence. The holy text of this religion is known as the Avesta, and its supreme deity is Ahura Mazda. For 10 points, name this dualistic Persian religion, whose founder is alternately called Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 235 ], [ 236, 359 ], [ 360, 452 ], [ 453, 554 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Kenya}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country is the setting of The Flame Trees of Thika. In another novel set in this country, Inspector Godfrey attempts to solve the murder of Chui, Kimeria, and Mzigo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenya", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ecf9", "qanta_id": 32678, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country is the setting of The Flame Trees of Thika. In another novel set in this country, Inspector Godfrey attempts to solve the murder of Chui, Kimeria, and Mzigo. That novel, Petals of Blood, is by this country's most famous novelist, (*) Ngugi wa Thiong'o. Another novel set in this country begins, \"I had a farm in Africa, at the foot of the Ngong Hills;\" parts of that novel depict the author's views toward the Masai, Kikuyu, and other natives of this country. For 10 points, name this present-day country that provided the setting for Isak Dinesen's Out of Africa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 244 ], [ 244, 246 ], [ 247, 265 ], [ 266, 472 ], [ 473, 577 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{carbon dioxide} [or CO2 before it is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This substance is combined with organomagnesium (or-GAN-oh-mag-NEEZ-ee-um) bromides to give carboxylic (CAR-box-ILL-ick) acids.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carbon_dioxide", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed02", "qanta_id": 32687, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This substance is combined with organomagnesium (or-GAN-oh-mag-NEEZ-ee-um) bromides to give carboxylic (CAR-box-ILL-ick) acids. As a supercritical fluid, it is used to decrease the viscosity of crude oil. Ethanol and this substance are produced in the (*) fermentation of glucose by yeast. Its structure is predicted to be linear due to its two double bonds. In the presence of water, this triatomic substance is in equilibrium with carbonic acid. For 10 points, name this gas, symbolized CO2 (see oh two).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 204 ], [ 205, 289 ], [ 290, 358 ], [ 359, 447 ], [ 448, 506 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Vincent Willem {van Gogh}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man painted three depictions of his bedroom in a house he shared with Paul Gauguin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vincent_van_Gogh", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed10", "qanta_id": 32701, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man painted three depictions of his bedroom in a house he shared with Paul Gauguin. This painter depicted a mustachioed man in front of a pool table while other patrons huddle at tables in his The Night Caf\u00e9. He showed a woman pouring out four cups of coffee in a work that shows (*) peasants at the dinner table. Another work by this man shows a cedar tree and the church spire of Saint-Remy (sahn reh-MEE) jutting into the swirling sky. For 10 points, name this Dutch Post-Impressionist who painted The Potato Eaters and The Starry Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 213 ], [ 214, 318 ], [ 319, 443 ], [ 444, 545 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Henrik Johan {Ibsen}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This playwright wrote about a woman who forges her father's signature to get money from Krogstad.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henrik_Ibsen", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed23", "qanta_id": 32720, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This playwright wrote about a woman who forges her father's signature to get money from Krogstad. In one of this man's plays, waste pollutes baths that employ Dr. Thomas Stockmann. This man wrote a play where Judge (*) Brack discovers the owner of a pistol that Eilert Lovborg used to kill himself. George Tessman's wife shoots herself in a play by this author of An Enemy of the People. Torvald Helmer, a bank manager, is left by his wife Nora in another play by, for 10 points, what author of Hedda Gabler and A Doll's House ?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 180 ], [ 181, 218 ], [ 219, 298 ], [ 299, 387 ], [ 388, 528 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Prague}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One movement named after this city attempted to implement the reforms of Ota Sik; following the destruction of that movement, Gustav Husak ascended to power in this city.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prague", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed25", "qanta_id": 32722, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One movement named after this city attempted to implement the reforms of Ota Sik; following the destruction of that movement, Gustav Husak ascended to power in this city. This city was home to the suspicious death of Jan Masaryk. In another event in this city, followers of Jan (*) Hus threw seven people out of a window onto pikes; two hundred years later a similar event in this city sparked the Thirty Years' War. For 10 points, name this city home to a 1968 \"Spring\" liberalization movement and three Defenestrations.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 229 ], [ 230, 416 ], [ 417, 521 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 11", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Suleiman} I [or {Suleiman} the {Magnificent}; or {Suleiman} the {Just}; prompt on {Suleiman}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During this man's rule, the Haseki Complex was completed under the supervision of this man's great architect, Sinan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Suleiman_the_Magnificent", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed31", "qanta_id": 32734, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During this man's rule, the Haseki Complex was completed under the supervision of this man's great architect, Sinan. This ruler exiled his one time favorite, Gulbehar, at the behest of his future wife, Roxelana. One battle won by this man resulted in the death of Louis II of Hungary, the battle of (*) Mohacs. This leader revised the kanun of his country, resulting in his receiving the nickname \"the Lawgiver.\" For 10 points, name this ruler who scared Europe with his siege of Vienna in 1529 and whose ruling period proved to be the height of power of the Ottoman Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 211 ], [ 212, 310 ], [ 311, 411 ], [ 411, 574 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Cuba}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One leader of this country made the \"History Will Absolve Me Speech\" after a disastrous attack on the Moncada Barracks.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cuba", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed34", "qanta_id": 32737, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One leader of this country made the \"History Will Absolve Me Speech\" after a disastrous attack on the Moncada Barracks. Another leader of this country came to power in the Sergeant's Revolt. Pierre Soule's ploy to purchase this nation was outlined in the (*) Ostend Manifesto. The United States supported this nation's dictator Fulgencio Batista, and had earlier warred with this nation's colonizer after the Maine exploded in its capital's harbor. For 10 points, name this Caribean subject of a long standing US embargo, ruled until recently by Fidel Castro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 190 ], [ 191, 276 ], [ 277, 448 ], [ 449, 559 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Garden} of {Earthly Delights}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The top of this painting shows a flying fish with a rod dangling a red sphere over it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed35", "qanta_id": 32738, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The top of this painting shows a flying fish with a rod dangling a red sphere over it. At the bottom of this work, a human carries a clam containing another human inside. The middle panel of this work depicts nudes dancing in a sphere, and depicts many (*) strawberries and owls. Its right panel contains a knife protruding from two human ears as well as people being crucified on musical instruments in hell. For 10 points, name this triptych portraying people hedonistically enjoying sensual pleasure in the title location, painted by Hieronymus Bosch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 170 ], [ 171, 279 ], [ 280, 409 ], [ 410, 554 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John {Milton}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author declared \"hence vain deluding joys\" in a poem hailing the goddess Melancholy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Milton", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed43", "qanta_id": 32752, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author declared \"hence vain deluding joys\" in a poem hailing the goddess Melancholy. This author of the companion poems \"L'Allegro\" and \"Il Penseroso\" wrote \"Who kills a man kills a\u2026 creature, God's image; but he who destroys a good book...kills the image of God\" in an essay arguing in favor of freedom of the (*) press. This author wrote an epic poem beginning \"Of man's first disobedience, and the fruit / of that forbidden tree,\" which describes a meeting of devils like Beelzebub in Pandemonium where Satan resolves to tempt mankind. For 10 points, name this British author of Areopagitica and Paradise Lost.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 326 ], [ 327, 543 ], [ 544, 618 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alexander {Hamilton}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure refuted Samuel Seabury in The Farmer Refuted and supported Alexander MacDougall's lobbying in the Newburgh conspiracy, ultimately calling for the revision of the Articles of Confederation while in Princeton.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Hamilton", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed4f", "qanta_id": 32764, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure refuted Samuel Seabury in The Farmer Refuted and supported Alexander MacDougall's lobbying in the Newburgh conspiracy, ultimately calling for the revision of the Articles of Confederation while in Princeton. Madison objected strenuously to the general welfare clause in his (*) Report on Manufactures. This native of Nevis and founder of the New York Post was second in command of the army during the Quasi-War with France. For 10 points, name this first treasury secretary, a staunch Federalist murdered by Aaron Burr.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 313 ], [ 314, 435 ], [ 436, 531 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Pictures} of an {Exhibition} [or {Pictures} at an {Exhibition}; or {Pictures} from an {Exhibition}; or", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The fifth movement of this piece uses staccato notes to represent the dancing of unhatched birds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed55", "qanta_id": 32770, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The fifth movement of this piece uses staccato notes to represent the dancing of unhatched birds. In the second to last movement of this suite, a series of rapidly rising octaves represents the flight of a witch. This suite's movements are interspersed with (*) Promenades representing the composer walking to view Victor Hartmann's paintings, such as The Great Gate of Kiev, which inspired the name of this work. For 10 points, name this suite by Modest Mussorgsky which represents its movements as pieces in the title art gallery.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 212 ], [ 213, 413 ], [ 414, 532 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Heisenberg uncertainty} principle [or {Heisenberg uncertainty principle}; or {Heisenberg}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This statement does not hold if velocity at time zero is known and the time of interest is the past.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncertainty_principle", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed71", "qanta_id": 32798, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This statement does not hold if velocity at time zero is known and the time of interest is the past. It is illustrated by a thought experiment involving a gamma-ray microscope, in which a photon and electron collide. A corollary to this statement involves (*) energy and time, and one side of this inequality is h bar over two. For 10 points, give this statement that there is a minimum product of the inaccuracies of measuring a particle's momentum and position, which is named after a German physicist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 216 ], [ 217, 327 ], [ 328, 504 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ludwig Josef Johann {Wittgenstein}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this thinker's works argues that a private language is not possible using a thought experiment about a beetle in a box.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Wittgenstein", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed72", "qanta_id": 32799, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this thinker's works argues that a private language is not possible using a thought experiment about a beetle in a box. That work by this philosopher asserts that both games and languages have a family resemblance. Besides writing Philosophical (*) Investigations, he inspired the Vienna Circle with a short work of highly subdivided propositions numbered one to seven, concluding that \"whereof one cannot speak, one must pass over in silence.\" For 10 points, name this German philosopher of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 221 ], [ 222, 450 ], [ 450, 530 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "the {sun} [or {Sol}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Homestake experiment confirmed that this object emits neutrinos.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sun", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed7a", "qanta_id": 32807, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Homestake experiment confirmed that this object emits neutrinos. The SOHO mission was launched to observe this object, whose magnetic field flips every eleven years. This object emits spicules from its chromosphere and mass ejections of plasma from its (*) corona. Its photosphere contains areas of low temperature that appear dark, its namesake \"spots.\" For 10 points, name this star which contains ninety-nine percent of the mass of the solar system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 169 ], [ 170, 268 ], [ 269, 358 ], [ 359, 456 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Constantin {Brancusi} [accept {variants} on the {pronunciation} \"{BRIN}-{koosh}\"]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist's works include a limestone disk surrounded by twelve chairs and a gate that features bisected circles-within-circles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed7f", "qanta_id": 32812, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist's works include a limestone disk surrounded by twelve chairs and a gate that features bisected circles-within-circles. Those works, The Table of Silence and The Kiss Gate, can be found near the town of Targu Jiu, along with another of his works, a huge tower made of rhomboid iron modules. He adapted his Maiastra series to create sculptures that used elongated marble and bronze shapes to capture the pure essence of (*) flight. For 10 points, identify this Romanian sculptor who created The Endless Column and Bird in Space.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 301 ], [ 302, 441 ], [ 442, 538 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "William {Faulkner}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this author's last novel, Ned bribes Lightning to win a race with a fish, and Boon Hogganbeck marries the prostitute Miss Corrie.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Faulkner", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed80", "qanta_id": 32813, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this author's last novel, Ned bribes Lightning to win a race with a fish, and Boon Hogganbeck marries the prostitute Miss Corrie. This author wrote a short story ending with the image of a \"long strand of iron-gray hair\" in a bed next to a man killed with arsenic marked \"For Rats,\" Homer Barron. Besides writing The (*) Reivers and \"A Rose for Emily,\" this author wrote a book partly narrated by the mentally retarded Benjy and the suicidal Quentin Compson. For 10 points each, name this author from Mississippi who used Yoknapatowpha County as the setting of his novels As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Fury.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 299 ], [ 300, 461 ], [ 462, 617 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Francisco Jos\u00e9 de {Goya} y Lucientes", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist portrayed the power of irrationality in his painting of a sleeping man surrounded by bats and owls.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Francisco_Goya", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed85", "qanta_id": 32818, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist portrayed the power of irrationality in his painting of a sleeping man surrounded by bats and owls. This artist included that work, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, in his series of Capriccios. He painted a man in a white shirt standing with his arms raised in the air while facing a line of French (*) soldiers about to fire, and his depiction of Saturn Devouring His Son is part of his Black Paintings. For ten points, name this Spanish artist of The Nude Maja and The Third of May, 1808.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 211 ], [ 212, 382 ], [ 383, 422 ], [ 423, 508 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Hermann {Hesse}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, the protagonist is blackmailed by Franz Kromer after lying about stealing apples.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed91", "qanta_id": 32830, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, the protagonist is blackmailed by Franz Kromer after lying about stealing apples. In addition to that novel about the organist Pistorius and the student Emil Sinclair, this author wrote a novel set in Castalia in which Joseph Knecht earns the title of Magister Ludi. This author of (*) Demian wrote a novel in which Hermine is stabbed in Pablo's Hall of Mirrors by Harry Haller. In another of his novels, the title prince learns enlightenment from the ferryman Vasudeva. For 10 points, name this German author of The Glass Bead Game, Steppenwolf, and Siddhartha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 294 ], [ 295, 406 ], [ 407, 498 ], [ 499, 590 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Magic Flute} [or {Die Zauberfl\u00f6te}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This opera's aria \"Hell's vengeance boils in my heart\" reaches a high F6, and is sung by a character who, along with Monostatos, tries to destroy a temple in the final scene.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed9a", "qanta_id": 32839, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This opera's aria \"Hell's vengeance boils in my heart\" reaches a high F6, and is sung by a character who, along with Monostatos, tries to destroy a temple in the final scene. Another character is a birdcatcher who is reunited with his similarly-named lover at the end of this opera. During this opera, Sarastro sings a prayer to Isis and Osiris in order to protect (*) Tamino, who must undergo an ordeal to win Pamina. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera about the Queen of the Night, Papagena, and Papageno, who is given the title instrument.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 282 ], [ 283, 418 ], [ 419, 545 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Aleksandr {Pushkin}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Pyotr Grinyov is the main character in this author's romanticized view of Pugachev's Rebellion, The Captain's Daughter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Pushkin", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ed9b", "qanta_id": 32840, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Pyotr Grinyov is the main character in this author's romanticized view of Pugachev's Rebellion, The Captain's Daughter. He adapted the story of Don Juan in The Stone Guest, which, like his play Mozart and Salieri, was collected in his collection Little Tragedies. After a storm floods the Neva, Evgeny curses a statue of the Peter the Great, causing it to come to life, in this author's poem The (*) Bronze Horseman. This author died after dueling his wife's lover, but not before writing a verse novel about the poet Vladimir Lensky's death in a duel. For 10 points, name this Russian author of Eugene Onegin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 263 ], [ 264, 391 ], [ 392, 416 ], [ 417, 552 ], [ 553, 610 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edgar Allan {Poe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's poems is set \"down by the dank tarn of Auber/", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edgar_Allan_Poe", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550eda8", "qanta_id": 32853, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's poems is set \"down by the dank tarn of Auber/ In the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir,\" and ends with the speaker encountering his dead lover's grave. In another of his poems, angels perform \"the tragedy, Man,\" and affirm that its hero is \"The Conqueror Worm.\" This author of (*) \"Ulalume\" wrote a poem about a woman who \"loved with a love that was more than love\" in \"a kingdom by the sea\" before being killed by jealous angels, and a poem whose speaker mourns Lenore before hearing a \"tapping\" at his \"chamber door.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"Annabel Lee\" who wrote about a bird that repeats \"Nevermore\" in \"The Raven.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 169 ], [ 170, 279 ], [ 280, 537 ], [ 538, 648 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ruth {Benedict} [accept {Ruth Fulton}]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This anthropologist wanted to study a living and functioning folklore and found a disagreement between that folklore and the culture of one society in the work Zuni Mythology.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ruth_Benedict", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550edc2", "qanta_id": 32879, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This anthropologist wanted to study a living and functioning folklore and found a disagreement between that folklore and the culture of one society in the work Zuni Mythology. Another work by this anthropologist described the Zuni as Apollonian, while the (*) Kwakiutl were Dionysian and the Dobu schizophrenic. Another work by this woman distinguished between shame and guilt cultures. For 10 points, name this American anthropologist and student of Franz Boas, who wrote the works Patterns of Culture and The Chrysanthemum and the Sword.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 311 ], [ 312, 386 ], [ 387, 539 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{weak} nuclear force [or {weak} interaction]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The CKM matrix explains several reactions mediated by this interaction, which Cronin and Fitch showed violates CP symmetry and which Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg showed emerged from the breaking of an SU(2)", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Weak_interaction", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550edc3", "qanta_id": 32880, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The CKM matrix explains several reactions mediated by this interaction, which Cronin and Fitch showed violates CP symmetry and which Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg showed emerged from the breaking of an SU(2) x U(1) gauge symmetry. Madame Wu's experiment that demonstrated parity violation relied on a (*) pion decay mediated by this force, and this force governs the conversion of an up quark into a superposition of down quarks. For 10 points, name this force essential to nuclear decays, mediated by the W and Z bosons, which has much less influence over subatomic particles than the one mediated by gluons, the strong force.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 229 ], [ 230, 428 ], [ 429, 626 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Scotland}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country fought Norway in the Battle of Largs under King Alexander III.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Scotland", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550edc7", "qanta_id": 32884, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country fought Norway in the Battle of Largs under King Alexander III. It's centuries old pact with France was known as the Auld Alliance. Mary of Guise married one king of this country who died just after losing the battle of Solway Moss. This country's reformation was pioneered by the galley slave and (*) Presbyterianism founder John Knox. England's Stuart dynasty began when James VI of this country became James I of England. For 10 points, name this formerly independent British country found to the north of England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 143 ], [ 144, 244 ], [ 245, 309 ], [ 310, 311 ], [ 311, 313 ], [ 314, 348 ], [ 349, 436 ], [ 437, 529 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Fyodor Mikhaylovich {Dostoyevsky}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a story about a German whose crocodile swallows the narrator's friend alive.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fyodor_Dostoevsky", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550edcd", "qanta_id": 32890, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a story about a German whose crocodile swallows the narrator's friend alive. Makar and Varvara exchange letters in this author's novel Poor Folk, and another of his novels depicts the life of convicts in Siberia. This author of The (*) House of the Dead described the parable of the Grand Inquisitor in a novel about Smerdyakov, who murders Ivan Karamazov. Another novel by this author centers on the murder of a pawnbroker by Raskolnikov. For 10 points, name this Russian author of Crime and Punishment.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 230 ], [ 231, 374 ], [ 375, 457 ], [ 458, 522 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Irwin Allen {Ginsberg}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem, this author wrote \"America it's them bad Russians\" and \"America I've given you all", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Allen_Ginsberg", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550edef", "qanta_id": 32924, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem, this author wrote \"America it's them bad Russians\" and \"America I've given you all and now I'm nothing.\" In another poem, this author describes grabbing a \"skeleton thick\" sunflower and sticking it at his side. This author wrote \"lord lord lord caw caw caw\" at the end of an elegy for his mother Naomi, (*) \"Kaddish.\" Another of his poems repeats \"I'm with you in Rockland,\" denounces Moloch, and begins \"I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness.\" For 10 points, name this American beat generation poet of \"A Supermarket in California\" and \"Howl.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 116 ], [ 116, 223 ], [ 224, 330 ], [ 331, 478 ], [ 479, 578 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Milan {Kundera}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, a postcard sent to Marketa with the message \"Long Live Trotsky\" gets Ludvik Jahn in trouble with his country's authorities.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Milan_Kundera", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee02", "qanta_id": 32943, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's novels, a postcard sent to Marketa with the message \"Long Live Trotsky\" gets Ludvik Jahn in trouble with his country's authorities. A dog named Karenin dies of a tumor in another of this author's novels, which begins by rejecting Nietzsche's concept of eternal recurrence. In his best-known novel, the university professor Franz has an affair with Sabina, the mistress of Tomas, after (*) Prague Spring. For 10 points, name this Czech author of The Joke and The Unbearable Lightness of Being.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 296 ], [ 297, 427 ], [ 428, 516 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Abraham Harold {Maslow}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This psychologist wrote about \"The Need for Creative People\" in his posthumously published essay collection, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Abraham_Maslow", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee1e", "qanta_id": 32971, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This psychologist wrote about \"The Need for Creative People\" in his posthumously published essay collection, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. In that book, he also explains the \"Jonah complex.\" After reading The (*) Organism by Kurt Goldstein, this psychologist created a concept that he arranged with esteem, belonging, safety, and physiological concerns. For 10 points, name this psychologist who put \"self-actualization\" atop of a pyramid that must be fulfilled in order, called his namesake \"hierarchy of needs.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 197 ], [ 198, 360 ], [ 361, 520 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Attila} the Hun", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man and his elder brother negotiated a peace treaty at Margus after he razed Singidunum.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Attila", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee1f", "qanta_id": 32972, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man and his elder brother negotiated a peace treaty at Margus after he razed Singidunum. Honoria sent him a ring asking him to save her from an arranged marriage, and this man murdered his brother and co-ruler Bleda. Theodosius II negotiated tribute to this man, and he was planning to invade (*) the eastern Roman empire when he died on his wedding night. Valentinian the third allied with the Visigoth Theodoric the first to defeat this man at the Catalaunian Planes near Chalons. For 10 points, name this \"scourge of God\" and ruler of the Huns.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 221 ], [ 222, 361 ], [ 362, 487 ], [ 488, 552 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Johannes {Vermeer}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this artist's paintings, a woman's face can be seen in a mirror as she sits at a virginal, and in a similarly themed painting, three people crowd around a piano.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Vermeer", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee31", "qanta_id": 32990, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this artist's paintings, a woman's face can be seen in a mirror as she sits at a virginal, and in a similarly themed painting, three people crowd around a piano. In addition to The Concert and The Music Lesson, this artist created a painting in which a female in blue representing Clio is being painted by the artist, known as The Art of Painting. This artist may have used a (*) camera obscura to achieve the extremely realistic lighting in his paintings, include one of a woman wearing a blue head scarf and the title piece of jewelry. For 10 points, name this seventeenth century Dutch painter of Girl with a Pearl Earring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 357 ], [ 358, 547 ], [ 548, 636 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{reflection}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Oren-Nayar model describes the diffuse of this phenomonenon, which is assumed to be Lambertian in simple models, and which occurs when surfaces are not smooth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Reflection_(physics)", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee41", "qanta_id": 33006, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Oren-Nayar model describes the diffuse of this phenomonenon, which is assumed to be Lambertian in simple models, and which occurs when surfaces are not smooth. That type contrasts with the (*) specular type. This phenomenon is absent when the angle of incidence of a particular ray is Brewster's angle. The \"law of\" this phenomenon states that the angle of incidence and its namesake angle are equal. For 10 points, name this optical phenomenon whose total internal type occurs beyond the critical angle, which involves waves being bounced back to its origin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 211 ], [ 212, 306 ], [ 307, 404 ], [ 405, 563 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{ether}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One subclass of these compounds was shown by Charles Pedersen to allow potassium permanganate to dissolve in benzene.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee45", "qanta_id": 33010, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One subclass of these compounds was shown by Charles Pedersen to allow potassium permanganate to dissolve in benzene. This functionality, produced in the Ullman reaction, is exemplified by tetrahydrofuran, and its polycyclic form is its crown variety. An alkyl halide reacts with an alkoxide ion to produce these compounds in the Williamson synthesis, and they are defined by the presence of an (*) oxygen atom bonded to two aryl or alkyl groups. For 10 points, name these compounds whose diethyl variety was once used as an anesthetic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 251 ], [ 252, 446 ], [ 447, 536 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "William {Wordsworth}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote a long autobiographical poem involving an ascent of Mount Snowdon, as well as a poem asserting \"the child is father of the man.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Wordsworth", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee4b", "qanta_id": 33016, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote a long autobiographical poem involving an ascent of Mount Snowdon, as well as a poem asserting \"the child is father of the man.\" His poems \"Strange fits of passion have I known\" and \"A slumber did my spirit seal\" were dedicated to Lucy. This author of (*) \"Ode: Intimations of Immortality\" wrote a poem inspired by a \"host of golden daffodils,\" \"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,\" and co-wrote Lyrical Ballads along with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. For 10 points, name this English Romantic poet of \"The Prelude\" and \"Tintern Abbey.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 252 ], [ 253, 457 ], [ 458, 542 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Bernoulli's} principle", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This equation is applied to find delta-P in one derivation of the Kutta-Joukowski theorem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bernoulli's_principle", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee56", "qanta_id": 33027, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This equation is applied to find delta-P in one derivation of the Kutta-Joukowski theorem. A limited derivation of this statement can be found by integrating Euler's equation, and a special version of this statement manifests itself in the Venturi effect. Pitot tubes use this principle to measure (*) velocity. It states that the conservation of energy mandates that the sum of kinetic energy density, potential energy density, and pressure is a constant along a streamline, under a steady flow with incompressible fluids. For 10 points, name this principle named for a Swiss scientist, which helps explain how an airfoil creates lift.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 255 ], [ 256, 311 ], [ 312, 523 ], [ 524, 636 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{dogs} [or {clear}-{knowledge} equivalents]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of Goya's Black Paintings depicts one of these creatures drowning in sand.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee57", "qanta_id": 33028, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of Goya's Black Paintings depicts one of these creatures drowning in sand. One of them is present at the titular event in Courbet's Burial at Ornans, and one stands on the bank of a river in Constable's The Hay Wain. One representing fidelity appears at the bottom of The (*) Arnolfini Wedding, and another lies at the foot of a bed in Venus of Urbino. For 10 points, name these creatures who, in a series by C.M. Coolidge, are depicted playing poker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 220 ], [ 221, 356 ], [ 357, 455 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Felix {Mendelssohn}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's piano pieces include three \"Venetian boat songs,\" \"Spinning Song,\" and \"Spring Song.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee5d", "qanta_id": 33034, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's piano pieces include three \"Venetian boat songs,\" \"Spinning Song,\" and \"Spring Song.\" This composer's fourth symphony ends with a lively saltarello, and his short piano pieces are collected in his Songs Without Words. This composer wrote a Bergomask representing the dance of (*) Nick Bottom and a famous Wedding March based on a Shakespeare play set in the forest of Arden. For 10 points, name this nineteenth century German composer of the \"Italian\" symphony and incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 100, 101 ], [ 102, 233 ], [ 234, 390 ], [ 391, 527 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Poland} [or Rzeczpospolita {Polska}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A novel from this country focuses on Dr. Pimko, who turns the kidnapped writer Johnnie into a young boy, and is called Ferdydurke.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poland", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee63", "qanta_id": 33040, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A novel from this country focuses on Dr. Pimko, who turns the kidnapped writer Johnnie into a young boy, and is called Ferdydurke. An author from this country wrote the historical novel The Teutonic Knights and a novel about Nero's arbiter Petronius, (*) Quo Vadis. The title character of Sophie's Choice is from this country, which was the birthplace of Isaac Bashevis Singer. For 10 points, name this country home to Witold Gombrowicz and Henryk Sienkiewicz, which is the setting of all novels about Auschwitz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 265 ], [ 266, 377 ], [ 378, 512 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 8", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sergei Vasilievich {Rachmaninoff}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer reused a triplet motif from his Romance for Piano for Six Hands in the second movement of a work by him, which begins with piano chords and low Fs that resemble the tolling of (*) bells.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Rachmaninoff", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee80", "qanta_id": 33069, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer reused a triplet motif from his Romance for Piano for Six Hands in the second movement of a work by him, which begins with piano chords and low Fs that resemble the tolling of (*) bells. Another work by this composer is based on a painting by Arnold Bocklin and uses the Dies Irae theme. This composer wrote variations on a violin caprice in his Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini. For 10 points, name this Russian Romantic composer of The Isle of the Dead.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 301 ], [ 302, 392 ], [ 393, 468 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Herbert {Hoover}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His scientific innovations, including the extraction of zinc from tailings in the \"froth flotation\" process, were published in his book Principles of Mining.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Herbert_Hoover", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee81", "qanta_id": 33070, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His scientific innovations, including the extraction of zinc from tailings in the \"froth flotation\" process, were published in his book Principles of Mining. During World War I, he was the head of the U.S. Food Administration, a position that vaulted him into the Supreme Economic Council after the war, and enabled him to set up a Quaker relief group to help with the logistics of distributing food in Europe. His support of Warren Harding led to his appointment as Secretary of (*) Commerce, a post which he left to run against the first Catholic candidate, Al Smith, for President. For 10 points, name this President under whose single term the Great Depression began.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 410 ], [ 411, 584 ], [ 585, 671 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{phosphorus} [or {P}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "High pressures are usually needed to synthesize this element's black allotrope, while its violet allotrope is sometimes named after Johann Hittorf, who was the first to recrystallize it from molten lead.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Phosphorus", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ee8c", "qanta_id": 33081, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "High pressures are usually needed to synthesize this element's black allotrope, while its violet allotrope is sometimes named after Johann Hittorf, who was the first to recrystallize it from molten lead. In its red allotrope, one of its usual tetrahedral bonds is broken, allowing bonding with neighboring tetrahedrons and a more stable structure. Its (*) white allotrope has alpha and beta forms depending on the temperature and is the most volatile and reactive allotrope; hence its use as an additive in napalm. For 10 points, name this chemical element, number 15, which was used in early matches.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 203 ], [ 204, 347 ], [ 348, 514 ], [ 515, 601 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{electronegativity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity can be calculated by taking the nuclear charge and dividing it by the square of the covalent radius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electronegativity", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550eea2", "qanta_id": 33103, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity can be calculated by taking the nuclear charge and dividing it by the square of the covalent radius. Another way to calculate this property involves calculating the square root of three types of bond dissociation energies. This property is often calculated as the average (*) of electron affinity and the first ionization energy. It is calculated by the Mullikan Scale, and francium has the lowest value for this property. It was first proposed by Linus Pauling, who gave fluorine a value of 4.0. For 10 points, name this tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a covalent bond.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 236 ], [ 237, 343 ], [ 344, 436 ], [ 437, 510 ], [ 511, 610 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "David {Hume}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a posthumously published work of this philosopher, a skeptic named Philo discusses the nature of God.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550eeb2", "qanta_id": 33119, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a posthumously published work of this philosopher, a skeptic named Philo discusses the nature of God. This philosopher was so loathed in his day for his near-atheism that a woman once refused to pull him out of a bog, in which he was drowning, until he recited the Lord's Prayer. This author of (*) Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion put forth his opinion on miracles in a reworking of the first book of his Treatise of Human Nature, entitled the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. For 10 points, name this Scottish empiricist of the eighteenth century.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 282 ], [ 283, 492 ], [ 493, 564 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edgar {Degas}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Late in his career, this artist painted many scenes of nude women bent over a circular metallic tub.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edgar_Degas", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550eec0", "qanta_id": 33133, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Late in his career, this artist painted many scenes of nude women bent over a circular metallic tub. This artist differed from other major Impressionists by not painting \"en plein air.\" This artist created wax sculptures such as (*) Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, and depicted a melancholy woman wearing a light peach-colored dress sitting in front of a glass of alcohol in The Absinthe Drinker. For 10 points, name this French painter who drew bodies in motion in his many paintings of ballet dancers and racehorses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 184 ], [ 184, 185 ], [ 186, 397 ], [ 398, 519 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Francois-Auguste-Rene {Rodin}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist created a bronze sculpture of a headless, armless figure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550eecb", "qanta_id": 33144, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist created a bronze sculpture of a headless, armless figure. In another work, he showed six men about to sacrifice themselves. The Falling Man, The Prodigal Son, and Ugolino are works included in a sculpture group by this man. This sculptor of Monument to Balzac was accused of using a (*) live model for his The Age of Bronze, and he also created The Burghers of Calais. Paolo and Francesca da Rimini kiss and a man holds his chin in sculptures from this man's The Gates of Hell. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 135 ], [ 136, 235 ], [ 236, 380 ], [ 381, 489 ], [ 490, 546 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of {Belgium}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's independence movement began after a performance of an opera about a revolution in Naples, The Mute Girl of Portici.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Belgium", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550eed2", "qanta_id": 33151, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's independence movement began after a performance of an opera about a revolution in Naples, The Mute Girl of Portici. Swedish U.N. leader Dag Hammarskjold (HAM-err-skyold) was attempting to reach a settlement between this European country and one of its colonies during the 1961 plane crash which claimed Hammarskjold's life. This country was responsible for the (*) \"rubber atrocities\" and supplied the United States with uranium during its time governing the Congo. For 10 points, name this country, led by three kings named Leopold, which continues to suffer linguistic struggles between French and Flemish speakers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 338 ], [ 339, 480 ], [ 481, 632 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edgar Allan {Poe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's poems describes the title entity as a \"vulture, whose wings are dull realities\" and a \"true daughter of Old Time.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edgar_Allan_Poe", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550eee2", "qanta_id": 33167, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's poems describes the title entity as a \"vulture, whose wings are dull realities\" and a \"true daughter of Old Time.\" Poems by this author of \"Sonnet To Science\" and \"Ulalume\" (OO-la-LOO-may) include one describing mimes eaten by the \"crawling shape\" of \"The (*) Conqueror Worm\" and one set in a \"kingdom by the sea.\" This poet of \"Annabel Lee\" describes the \"tintinnabulation\" of \"The Bells\" and opens another poem with \"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,\" describing a creature fond of saying \"nevermore.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"The Raven.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 331 ], [ 331, 332 ], [ 333, 550 ], [ 551, 596 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Oscar {Wilde}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one drama by this man, the title character finds a secret bank book after a tip from the Duchess of Berwick; that book shows that her husband has been giving money to another woman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oscar_Wilde", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef05", "qanta_id": 33202, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one drama by this man, the title character finds a secret bank book after a tip from the Duchess of Berwick; that book shows that her husband has been giving money to another woman. That work by this man ends when the title object is returned by Mrs. Erlynne to her daughter, Margaret. This man also wrote a work in which it is revealed that Miss (*) Prism left a handbag with a baby in a train station. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of Lady Windermere's Fan and The Importance of Being Ernest, whose only novel was The Picture of Dorian Gray.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 288 ], [ 289, 406 ], [ 407, 558 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{recursion} [or word forms {such} as {recursive}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Ackermann function cannot be expressed without using this procedure, and every effectively calculable function is general this by Church's thesis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Recursion", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef08", "qanta_id": 33205, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Ackermann function cannot be expressed without using this procedure, and every effectively calculable function is general this by Church's thesis. All functions defined by course-of-values this are primitive this, and operations expressed using the \"tail\" form of this may easily be translated into (*) iteration. Binary search uses this process to repeatedly divide a list into halves. Often used to calculate elements of the Fibonacci sequence or values of the factorial function, for 10 points, name this process wherein a function calls itself.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 317 ], [ 318, 390 ], [ 391, 552 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "the {bystander} effect [accept {Kitty Genovese effect} before \"{Kitty Genovese}\" is read]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Ringelmann effect is partly responsible for this phenomenon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bystander_effect", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef25", "qanta_id": 33234, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Ringelmann effect is partly responsible for this phenomenon. It was first scientifically demonstrated in experiments involving a person with epilepst and smoke filling up a room, conducted by Darley and Latane. Good Samaritan Laws are aimed at reducing it. Winston Moseley killed its most famous (*) victim, Kitty Genovese, who was stabbed to death despite the presence of many neighbors. diffusion of responsibility leads to, for 10 points, what social phenomenon, that occurs when the presence of other people reduces helping behavior?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 64 ], [ 65, 214 ], [ 215, 260 ], [ 261, 392 ], [ 393, 541 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "G\u00fcnter {Grass}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this man, a group of boys often swim around a minesweeping ship, in which Mahlke finds a sanctuary from ridicule about his large Adam's apple.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "G\u00fcnter_Grass", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef38", "qanta_id": 33253, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this man, a group of boys often swim around a minesweeping ship, in which Mahlke finds a sanctuary from ridicule about his large Adam's apple. In another work by this author, a raid on a post office results in the execution of Jan Bronski. In that work by this man, the main character's father dies by swallowing a political (*) badge. A main character created by this author receives a certain musical object at age three, when he decides to stop growing. For 10 points, name this German author of the Danzig trilogy, which includes Cat and Mouse and The Tin Drum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 254 ], [ 255, 350 ], [ 351, 471 ], [ 472, 580 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Salman {Rushdie}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man incorporated characters created by other authors, including Fitzgerald's T.J. Eckleburg, Heller's Yossarian, and Roth's Nathan Zuckerman, into his novel about Ormus Cama and Vina Apsara's rock band VTO,", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salman_Rushdie", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef64", "qanta_id": 33297, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man incorporated characters created by other authors, including Fitzgerald's T.J. Eckleburg, Heller's Yossarian, and Roth's Nathan Zuckerman, into his novel about Ormus Cama and Vina Apsara's rock band VTO, The (*) Ground Beneath Her Feet. The large-eared Aadam (ah-dahm) and \"Parvati the witch\" are among the title group of another novel by this author, which partially takes place at Mary Pereira's pickle factory and features Saleem Sinai trying to lead all the people born as India achieved independence. For 10 points, name this author of Midnight's Children and The Satanic Verses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 211 ], [ 212, 244 ], [ 245, 513 ], [ 514, 592 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Portugal} [or {Portuguese Republic}; or {Rep\u00fablica Portuguesa}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this nation was killed during an attempted invasion at the Battle of the Three Kings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Portugal", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef65", "qanta_id": 33298, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ruler of this nation was killed during an attempted invasion at the Battle of the Three Kings. This nation received a new constitution during the long dictatorship of economist Ant\u00f3nio (*) Salazar. One dynasty in this country was started by John IV, who ended Spanish rule of this nation and created the Braganza dynasty. Alexander VI gave this country rights to lands east of a line of demarcation in the Treaty of Tordesillas (TOR-day-SEE-yass). For 10 points, name this Iberian nation, whose explorers included Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco de Gama.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 201 ], [ 202, 325 ], [ 326, 451 ], [ 452, 552 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Chicago}, Illinois", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava designed a namesake \"Spire\" for this city.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chicago", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef6c", "qanta_id": 33305, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava designed a namesake \"Spire\" for this city. This city is also the site of the Robie House, an exemplar of the Prairie Style. William Le Baron Jenney designed the Home Insurance building in this city, and a series of temporary buildings designed here by Daniel Burnham was known as the (*) White City. Frank Gehry designed this city's recently completed Millennium Park. For 10 points, name this city whose suburb of Oak Park was home to much of Frank Lloyd Wright's work, and which contains the building formerly known as the Sears Tower.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 160 ], [ 161, 336 ], [ 337, 405 ], [ 406, 574 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Golgi} apparatus [or {Golgi bodies}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Thing bound for this organelle are enclosed in COPI (COPE-one) or COPII (COPE-two).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Golgi_apparatus", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef71", "qanta_id": 33310, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Thing bound for this organelle are enclosed in COPI (COPE-one) or COPII (COPE-two). Proteoglycans are formed here via glycosylation. It is divided into cis, medial, and trans compartments, and in this organelle, mannose-6-phosphate is (*) added to proteins destined for the lysosome. It receives proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them before their final destination. For 10 points, name this organelle that sorts and ships proteins, name for its Italian discoverer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 132 ], [ 133, 283 ], [ 284, 397 ], [ 398, 496 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Three Musketeers} [or {Les Trois Mousquetaires}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the servant Grimaud has learned to communicate with hand signals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Three_Musketeers", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef7a", "qanta_id": 33319, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, the servant Grimaud has learned to communicate with hand signals. The maid Kitty falls in love with the protagonist of this novel, whose assassination is pardoned in advance by a priest. This novel was followed by the sequels The (*) Vicomte of Bragelonne and Twenty Years After. The puritan jailer Felton is no match for the charms of the antagonist of this novel, who conspires with Cardinal Richelieu to reveal the queen's affair. For 10 points, name this novel in which Milady De Winter is foiled by Aramis, Athos, Porthos, and D'Artagnan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 201 ], [ 202, 287 ], [ 288, 294 ], [ 295, 448 ], [ 449, 558 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{trumpet}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Wagner designed the bass version of this instrument, which is pitched an octave below the version tuned in F.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trumpet", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef80", "qanta_id": 33325, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Wagner designed the bass version of this instrument, which is pitched an octave below the version tuned in F. This instrument plays a solo in Charles Ives's The Unanswered Question. Variants of this instrument are the flugelhorn and cornet. (*) Fanfares often employ this instrument, which has three valves. This instrument was performed by Ornette Coleman, Dizzy Gillespie, and Louis Armstrong. For 10 points, name this brass instrument that is neither the trombone nor the French horn.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 181 ], [ 182, 240 ], [ 241, 244 ], [ 245, 307 ], [ 308, 395 ], [ 396, 487 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "War of the {Spanish Succession}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One battle during this war occurred near the village of Offus and resulted in a loss for the Duke of Villeroi (VEE-leh-WAH) at Ramillies (RAH-mee-yay).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550ef9f", "qanta_id": 33356, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One battle during this war occurred near the village of Offus and resulted in a loss for the Duke of Villeroi (VEE-leh-WAH) at Ramillies (RAH-mee-yay). Another battle in this war was lost by the Duke of Tallard in the town of (*) Blenheim (BLEN-um). That battle in this war saw the collaboration of Eugene of Savoy and the Duke of Marlborough. This war started when a will designated the future Philip V as the heir to Charles II. For 10 points, name this war that led to Bourbon rule of its namesake country, was the last war of Louis XIV, and was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 249 ], [ 250, 343 ], [ 344, 430 ], [ 431, 588 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{titration} [or {titration} curve]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Amino acids are least soluble at the isoelectric point, a point on the curve associated with this lab technique.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Titration", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550efae", "qanta_id": 33371, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Amino acids are least soluble at the isoelectric point, a point on the curve associated with this lab technique. Finding the end point for this lab technique requires substances like (*) phenolphthalein and litmus, which are known as indicators. The curve associated with this technique has an inflection point when the amount of a reagent added from a buret is the same as the amount of analyte in the sample; that point is the equivalence point. For 10 points, name this technique that is used to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 245 ], [ 246, 447 ], [ 448, 555 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Attila} the Hun", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "According to legend, this leader wielded the powerful \"sword of Mars.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Attila", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550efb5", "qanta_id": 33378, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to legend, this leader wielded the powerful \"sword of Mars.\" This leader died of a terrible nosebleed the day after marrying Ildiko. He forced Theodosius to sign the Third Peace of Anatolius. This leader was convinced by (*) Pope Leo I to end his invasion of Italy. This leader lost the Battle of Chalons to the combined forces of the Romans and Visigoths. This leader took sole power in his empire after the death of his brother Bleda in 445 CE, and became known as the \"scourge of God.\" For 10 points, name this leader of the Huns.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 142 ], [ 143, 201 ], [ 202, 234 ], [ 235, 275 ], [ 276, 366 ], [ 367, 498 ], [ 499, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 9", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Italo {Calvino}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, Isohar is the target of Raimbau, due to a system of \"besmirched honor,\" which causes Torrismund to be sought by Agilulf.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italo_Calvino", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f001", "qanta_id": 33454, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, Isohar is the target of Raimbau, due to a system of \"besmirched honor,\" which causes Torrismund to be sought by Agilulf. In a story, a game of marbles is played with hydrogen atoms, while another sees monthly voyages to the moon done by Mr. Vhd Vhd. In addition to The [?] Non-Existent Knight and Cosmicomics, this author created a man who spies on a cheese shop, Mr. Palomar, and in another work a canon ball halves Merdado. In addition to The Cloven Viscount, he wrote about tarot cards being used in a Tavern of Crossed Destinies. \"Without Fear of Wind or Vertigo,\" is a chapter in a book by this author that begins with the reader returning a book. For ten points, name this author that imagined conversations between Marco Polo and Kublai Khan in his Invisible Cities and wrote If on a Winter's Night a Traveler.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 280 ], [ 281, 456 ], [ 457, 564 ], [ 565, 683 ], [ 684, 848 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Voltaire} or {Francois}-{Marie Arouet}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, the earth is created by an imperfect being descended from a self-perceived perfect creature, leading Demiurgos to be subjected to Demogorgon's wit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Voltaire", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f014", "qanta_id": 33473, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, the earth is created by an imperfect being descended from a self-perceived perfect creature, leading Demiurgos to be subjected to Demogorgon's wit. In a novel, Setoc is the owner of the title character who loses an eye and is unable to marry Semire, but ends up marrying a woman sold to Ogul from Abrogad, Astarte. In a story, this author depicted a man from Saturn and his friend from [?] Sirius visiting the planet Earth, the latter of which is the title giant. In another work, this author created a character that calls Paradise Lost a rambling commentary on the first book of Genesis. In addition to \"Plato's Dream,\" Zadig, and \"Micromegas,\" the title character is accompanied by Cacambo and Cunegonde in another work. For ten points, name this author of Candide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 345 ], [ 346, 420 ], [ 421, 494 ], [ 495, 620 ], [ 621, 754 ], [ 755, 799 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Ambassadors}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One lawyer in this novel has a \"sacred rage,\" while another character responds to all nonsensical things with \"Oh, oh, oh!\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Ambassadors", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f01b", "qanta_id": 33480, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One lawyer in this novel has a \"sacred rage,\" while another character responds to all nonsensical things with \"Oh, oh, oh!\" In the ninth book, the protagonist imagines himself in a sunken boat, and he had failed [?] Gloriani's test to see if he blends into society. The protagonist confides in Bilham and meets an associate of Mamie at the Notre Dame Cathedral, which gives him the resolve to ignore a telegram telling him to return home, prompting Sarah Pocock to come to Europe. The protagonist travels with Mr. Waymarsh to serve in the title occupation for his beloved. For ten points, name this Henry James novel which sees Madame de Vionnet supposedly poisoning the culture of Chad Newsome, which prompts a rescue by Lewis Lambert Strether.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 125, 216 ], [ 217, 266 ], [ 267, 481 ], [ 482, 573 ], [ 574, 746 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Octavio {Paz}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man published his Charles Eliot Norton Lectures as Children of the Mire, and wrote the essay collection The Siren and the Seashell.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Octavio_Paz", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f027", "qanta_id": 33492, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man published his Charles Eliot Norton Lectures as Children of the Mire, and wrote the essay collection The Siren and the Seashell. This man argued that natives of his home country, chases, mocks, courts, and hugs death, and he also stated that poetry is written with a situation between tautness and resolve, as indicated by the two title instruments of another essay. This poet was made ambassador to India, which figured into his work about Hanuman, the titular Monkey Grammarian. This author of The Bow and the Lyre that implored \"gate of our being, awaken me, bring dawn\" imagined a \"willow of crystal\" in a work whose lines correspond to every day of the Aztec Calendar. For ten points, name this Mexican author of The Labyrinth of Solitude and The Sun Stone, a 1990 Nobel Laureate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 374 ], [ 375, 488 ], [ 489, 681 ], [ 682, 793 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Don Quixote}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character associated with this man kisses the feet of a man dressed in all green, while this character accuses the owner of a prophesizing ape, Master Peter, of being associated with the devil and asks that ape about an experience in a cave which features a heart being given to Bellerma.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f028", "qanta_id": 33493, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character associated with this man kisses the feet of a man dressed in all green, while this character accuses the owner of a prophesizing ape, Master Peter, of being associated with the devil and asks that ape about an experience in a cave which features a heart being given to Bellerma. This man is informed that his brain is melting as evidenced by milk curds. This man is nearly arrested by a man of the Holy Brotherhood, and had earlier mistaken a wash basin, as equipment for Mambrino. This man is beaten by the White Moon Knight, and then goes home as ordered by Carrasco. This figure that is carried by Rocinante mistakes Aldonza for Dulcinea. For ten points, name this character that tilts at windmills, assisted by Sancho Panza.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 292 ], [ 293, 367 ], [ 368, 495 ], [ 496, 583 ], [ 584, 655 ], [ 656, 742 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Aristophanes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Some of this man's lesser known dramas includes The Frying-Pan Men and one in which supply boats complain about their jobs, Merchant Ships.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristophanes", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f04d", "qanta_id": 33530, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some of this man's lesser known dramas includes The Frying-Pan Men and one in which supply boats complain about their jobs, Merchant Ships. One of his plays features the title characters trying to pass a law making all men sleep with an ugly woman before a beautiful one. One of his plays begins with a net encompassing a house, and yet another sees a farmer ride up to heaven on a dung beetle. Another play sees his rival author collaborate with Mnesilochus after angering the titular peoples. He also wrote about a sausage seller besting Paphalagonian and the phrase \"Brekekekex koax koax,\" is uttered in hell by the titular beings in another of his plays. For ten points, name this Athenian Old Comedian who wrote about women giving up sex in Lysistrata.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 271 ], [ 272, 394 ], [ 395, 494 ], [ 495, 658 ], [ 659, 757 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Great Gatsby}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The title character is visited by Henry Palmetto, who kills himself with a train, and Ripley Snell, whose right hand was run over by Ulysses Swett's automobile.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Great_Gatsby", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f04e", "qanta_id": 33531, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title character is visited by Henry Palmetto, who kills himself with a train, and Ripley Snell, whose right hand was run over by Ulysses Swett's automobile. Francis Cugat designed the cover for this novel that features a gypsy who moves her hand like a Frisco. One character plays \"ONE THINGS' FOR SURE AND NOTHING'S SURER / THE RICH GET RICHER AND THE POOR GET CHILDREN,\" a song called \"The Love Nest,\" while another reads The Rise and Fall of the Colored Empires. That reader breaks the nose of his mistress when they discuss whether she has any right to say his wife's name, where the McGees are in attendance and the narrator gets drunk for the second time in his life. Another character in this novel wears cuff links made of molars and rigs the 1919 World Series. For ten points, West Egg is the partial setting of what Nick Carraway narrated Jazz Age novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 264 ], [ 265, 318 ], [ 318, 320 ], [ 321, 328 ], [ 329, 337 ], [ 338, 374 ], [ 374, 469 ], [ 470, 677 ], [ 678, 773 ], [ 774, 891 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Virginia {Woolf}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author explored an interaction between G.F. Watts and Alfred Tennyson in a play set on the Isle of Wight, Freshwater.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Virginia_Woolf", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f061", "qanta_id": 33550, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author explored an interaction between G.F. Watts and Alfred Tennyson in a play set on the Isle of Wight, Freshwater. A biography of Richard Alardyce being produced by Katherine Hillberry and a creature owned by the Mitford family then the Brownings are two elements of her novels Night and Day and Flush. This author wrote about Rachel Vinrace and Lucy Swithin in the novels The Voyage Out and Between the Acts in addition to writing about Macalester accompanying James, Camilla, and Mrs. Ramsay to the title structure on the Isle of Skye. In another story, the title phenomena serve as a backdrop for the soliloquies of Louis, Neville, and Bernard. For ten points name this author of To the Lighthouse and The Waves.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 310 ], [ 311, 545 ], [ 546, 655 ], [ 656, 690 ], [ 691, 723 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Saul {Bellow} or really Saul {Bello} (but let's also take Solomon {Bellows})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author about Kirby Allbee accosting magazine editor Asa Leventhal in his novel The Victim.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Saul_Bellow", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f067", "qanta_id": 33556, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author about Kirby Allbee accosting magazine editor Asa Leventhal in his novel The Victim. This author whose first novel is in a diary form of Ava's husband Joseph waiting to go off to war also showed a man who experiences fantasmo imperium, Albert Corde. Another of his novels sees the title character spending an evening with Clara Spohr, using explosives against a bunch of frogs in a reservoir, and wrestling against Itelo. This author of Dangling Man and The Dean's December, wrote a novel whose first paragraph quotes Heraclitus about character being fate before the protagonist goes off to Mexico and raising an iguana. For ten points, name this Chicago author that created a man who married Stella, Augie March.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 260 ], [ 261, 434 ], [ 434, 632 ], [ 633, 725 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Three Musketeers}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One sequel to this novel sees the protagonists escaping from prison by passing messages through tennis balls.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Three_Musketeers", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f073", "qanta_id": 33568, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One sequel to this novel sees the protagonists escaping from prison by passing messages through tennis balls. This novel features a Protestant guard who says \"God has willed it so\" after executing an escape plan successfully. In addition to John Felton, one character in this novel impersonates a lover when writing letters to arrange liaisons in the dark, in a plan involving the maid Kitty. One of the protagonists married a woman who stole a gold communion plate before running away from a nunnery, and that woman has a fleur-de-lis on her back. This novel that begins with a man bragging about his horse to Milady's companion sees Monseur de Treville unable to view Dartagnan's letter of reference. For ten points, identify this novel featuring Aramis, one of the title figures in a work written by Alexandre Dumas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 225 ], [ 226, 392 ], [ 393, 548 ], [ 549, 702 ], [ 703, 819 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Harold Athol Lanigan {Fugard}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This descriptor of Willie Seopolo that wrote about Andre Huguenet performing Oedipus Rex pictured a horse being pulled up from a well in Dimetos also wrote the work Playland.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athol_Fugard", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f079", "qanta_id": 33574, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This descriptor of Willie Seopolo that wrote about Andre Huguenet performing Oedipus Rex pictured a horse being pulled up from a well in Dimetos also wrote the work Playland. Johnie cares for his railway worker father in his Hello and Goodbye, and he wrote of Vicky and Lionel in Victory, which is similar in setting to his Valley Song. This author that wrote about Marius Buleveld and Helen Martins depicted Styles giving a long monologue in his plays The Road to Mecca and Sizwe Banzi is Dead. This author of Boesman and Lena that wrote about Morris and Zachariah showed Sam and Willy in a play about the title character Hatty. For ten points, name this author of Blood Knot and Master Harold...and the Boys.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 336 ], [ 337, 495 ], [ 496, 629 ], [ 630, 710 ] ], "tournament": "Mahfouz Memorial Lit", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Louis XIV}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Henry Gissey depicted this man wearing gold and taking a ballet pose in a painting of him as Apollo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Louis_XIV_of_France", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f0c3", "qanta_id": 33648, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Henry Gissey depicted this man wearing gold and taking a ballet pose in a painting of him as Apollo. St. Martin's Abbey and the spire of St. Brice can be seen in a depiction of this man's army camp in a painting by Adam Fran van der Meulen, and his army is seen crossing the Rhine in a painting by Joseph Parrocel. His family surround him as mythological characters in a depiction by Jean Nocret and he was the subject of various busts and sculptures by Antoine Coysevox. His visits to Gobelins factory as well as his resolution of his war with the Dutch were painted by Charles Le Brun, who also painted this man's apotheosis. Another depiction of this man shows him surrounded by a canopy of red and gold, while he wears an ermine lined robe of dark blue, decorated with the golden fleur de lis of the Bourbon family. The subject of various portraits by Hyacinthe Rigaud, for 10 points, name this King of France.\u00a0", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 314 ], [ 315, 471 ], [ 472, 627 ], [ 628, 819 ], [ 820, 914 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open KLEE Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sergei {Prokofiev}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This composer was convinced to add a jovial coda to his final symphony, which originally ended with the melancholy ticking of the glockenspiel and xylophone, while he derived the structure of his second symphony from Beethoven's last piano sonata.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f130", "qanta_id": 33757, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer was convinced to add a jovial coda to his final symphony, which originally ended with the melancholy ticking of the glockenspiel and xylophone, while he derived the structure of his second symphony from Beethoven's last piano sonata. In addition to creating The Children's Symphony, the first movement of this composer's sixth symphony features an oboe theme marked \"dolce e segnando,\" which reappears as a reminder of the \"pains of war\" in the final movement written in the ostensibly cheerful key of E-flat major. This composer's best-known symphony opens with a modern version of the \"Mannheim Rocket\" before the main theme is surprisingly repeated not in the expected dominant key of D-major but a whole tone lower in C Major. This composer uses a clumsy Gavotte instead of the graceful minuet in the third movement of his first symphony written in 1917 \"in the style of Haydn.\" For 10 points, name this composer of the Classical Symphony who included a noted \"troika\" movement in his suite about the fictional officer Lieutenant Kije and he also wrote Peter and the Wolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 247 ], [ 248, 529 ], [ 530, 744 ], [ 745, 896 ], [ 897, 1090 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open KLEE Fine Arts", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "\u201cThe {Waste Land}\u201d", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This work describes a \"Shakespeherian Rag\" as \"so elegant/ So intelligent.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Waste_Land", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f149", "qanta_id": 33782, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work describes a \"Shakespeherian Rag\" as \"so elegant/ So intelligent.\" In one section of this work, \"a current under the sea\" picks the bones of a man who is \"a fortnight dead,\" and another section describes a chair in the light of a \"sevenbranched candelabra.\" This work's second section repeats the line \"HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIME.\" The speaker meets Stetson on London Bridge during this work, which sees Tireisias complain about his \"wrinkled dugs.\" This work's final section ends with a quote from the Upanishads and is called \"What the Thunder Said.\" For 10 points, name this poem that begins \"April is the cruellest month,\" by T.S. Eliot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 77, 266 ], [ 266, 311 ], [ 312, 321 ], [ 322, 328 ], [ 329, 339 ], [ 339, 457 ], [ 457, 560 ], [ 560, 650 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Teapot} Dome Scandal", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This event was preceded by a presidential order that reversed a transfer of authority in the Daniels bill, and the role of one man involved in it would lead to the investigation of money given by the Thomson-Urrutia Treaty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Teapot_Dome_scandal", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f160", "qanta_id": 33805, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This event was preceded by a presidential order that reversed a transfer of authority in the Daniels bill, and the role of one man involved in it would lead to the investigation of money given by the Thomson-Urrutia Treaty. Another man associated with it was earlier involved in the inquiry into the Ballinger-Pinchot affair. One man associated with it avoided jail time but resigned as Secretary of the Navy, Edwin Denby. For 10 points, name this event that stemmed from Edward Doheny and Harry Sinclair being granted rights to naval reserve lands by Interior Secretary Albert Fall, a scandal named for a Wyoming oil reserve, during the Harding administration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 223 ], [ 224, 325 ], [ 326, 422 ], [ 423, 661 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Australia}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The WACA stadium can be found in a city in the southern portion of this country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Australia", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f176", "qanta_id": 33827, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The WACA stadium can be found in a city in the southern portion of this country. The basin of one lake in this country contains cities such as Marreem. \"Shires\" along the longest river in this country include Deniliquin and Wakool, while sights in one city in this country include the Paddy's Market and Harbour Bridge. This country's interior contains such sites as Alice Springs and Uluru. One delta in this country is formed by the Murray and Darling rivers, while the lake in this country is Lake Eyre and its largest mountain is Mount Kosciuszko. For 10 points, name this country that contains states such as New South Wales and Victoria.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 151 ], [ 152, 319 ], [ 320, 393 ], [ 393, 552 ], [ 553, 644 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Things {Fall Apart}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Enoch unmasks an elder in one scene in this novel, and one character decides to add a section on the last scene of the book to his own book, titled after \"The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Things_Fall_Apart", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f186", "qanta_id": 33843, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Enoch unmasks an elder in one scene in this novel, and one character decides to add a section on the last scene of the book to his own book, titled after \"The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes.\" The protagonist of this work often declares that \"when a man says yes, his chi also says yes,\" and in one scene, he beats his wife during the Week of Peace. One character sacrifices Ikemefuna after treating him well for many years, and other characters in this novel include Nwoye, the protagonist's son, who converts to Christianity. Okonkwo commits suicide after a failed revolt against colonial powers in, for 10 points, which work of Chinua Achebe?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 354 ], [ 355, 532 ], [ 533, 650 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ludwig van {Beethoven}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His Seventh Symphony premiered\u00a0on a double feature with a work that commemorated the Battle of Vittoria, his Wellington's Victory overture.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_van_Beethoven", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f196", "qanta_id": 33859, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His Seventh Symphony premiered\u00a0on a double feature with a work that commemorated the Battle of Vittoria, his Wellington's Victory overture. Friedrich Witt was found to be the actual composer of a C Major work originally attributed to this man, the Jena Symphony. He wrote an overture for the Kotzebue play The Ruins of Athens that includes his \"Turkish March\", while his poco moto bagatelle in A minor is called F\u00fcr Elise. His challenging piano works include the Diabelli Variations and the Hammerklavier Sonata, while he originally dedicated his third symphony to a \"Great Man\" and dubbed that work Eroica. For 10 points, identify this composer who adapted the Schiller poem \"Ode to Joy\" in his ninth symphony and composed the Moonlight Sonata.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 262 ], [ 263, 305 ], [ 306, 422 ], [ 423, 607 ], [ 608, 745 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ben {Jonson}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man was the first to translate John Barclay's poem Argenis, and the title character of one of his works is revealed to be a man by Dauphine, after Morose marries the title character.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ben_Jonson", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f1a3", "qanta_id": 33872, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man was the first to translate John Barclay's poem Argenis, and the title character of one of his works is revealed to be a man by Dauphine, after Morose marries the title character. This author of Epicene and collaborated with John Marston and George Chapman on Eastward Ho! He also wrote about Littlewit, Winwife, and Dame Purecraft attending the title event, while the title character of another work attempts to convince Corbaccio and Corvino of his impending death. In his best known work, Sir Pertinax Surly sees through the opreations of Doctor Subtle and Face, who dupe people such as Epicure Mammon. For 10 points, identify this author of Bartholomew Fair, Volpone and The Alchemist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 280 ], [ 281, 475 ], [ 476, 613 ], [ 614, 697 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Luigi Pirandello", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man described a character who has an epitelioma near his mustache, and the Agazzi family watch the conflict between Signora Frolla and Signor Ponza over Signora Ponza's identity in another work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Luigi_Pirandello", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f1fd", "qanta_id": 33962, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man described a character who has an epitelioma near his mustache, and the Agazzi family watch the conflict between Signora Frolla and Signor Ponza over Signora Ponza's identity in another work. In addition to The Man With the Flower in His Mouth and Right you are! (If you think you are), he wrote about a guy who goes to Monte Carlo and is mistaken for being dead, The Late Mattea Pascal, and a work in which a man who falls off of a horse believes he is the title Holy Roman Emperor. Better known for a work featuring a Boy, Girl, Mother, Father, Stepdaughter, and Son, for 10 points, name this author of Enrico IV and Six Characters in Search of An Author.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 251 ], [ 252, 270 ], [ 271, 371 ], [ 372, 491 ], [ 492, 665 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Cuba}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this country gained power through the revolt of sargents by overthrowing a leader who had organized a secret police called the Porra.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cuba", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f205", "qanta_id": 33970, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ruler of this country gained power through the revolt of sargents by overthrowing a leader who had organized a secret police called the Porra. This country saw rebellions led by free black men such as Nicholas Morales and Jose Antonio Aponte in 1795 and 1812 respectively. This country also saw Carlos Manuel de Cespedes issue the Grito de Yara which led to the Ten Years War. The United States Congress also declared it did not wish to occupy this country through the Teller Amendment. For 10 points, identify this country in which Fulgencio Batista was overthrown in 1959 by Fidel Castro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 276 ], [ 277, 380 ], [ 381, 490 ], [ 491, 594 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Allen {Ginsberg}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this man's poems ends with a question regarding a boat disappearing on the \"black waters of the Lethe.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Allen_Ginsberg", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f206", "qanta_id": 33971, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's poems ends with a question regarding a boat disappearing on the \"black waters of the Lethe.\" Another of his works ends with the comment that he is putting his \"queer shoulder to the wheel,\" and he updated William Blake in a poem inspired that claims the title flower is not a train. This author of \"America\" and \"Sunflower Sutra,\" addressed another poem to Carl Solomon that contains the refrain \"I'm with you in Rockland\" and whose second section describes the nightmare Moloch. For 10 points, name this American poet who wrote about seeing \"the best minds of my generation destroyed\" in the long poem Howl.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 300 ], [ 301, 497 ], [ 498, 626 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "David {Hume}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man claimed that reason cannot answer moral quandaries and denounced asceticism in one work, and wrote of Philo and Demea's discussion of the cosmological and teleological arguments in another.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f207", "qanta_id": 33972, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man claimed that reason cannot answer moral quandaries and denounced asceticism in one work, and wrote of Philo and Demea's discussion of the cosmological and teleological arguments in another. In another work, this man asks whether moral approval is a rational or emotional response in \"Of the Understandings.\" This author of An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals and Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion wrote another work that describes the \"transgression of the laws of nature\" by a Deity in the section \"Of Miracles.\" For 10 points, name this thinker who wrote A Treatise of Human Nature and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 198 ], [ 199, 316 ], [ 317, 537 ], [ 538, 652 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Ivan IV Vasilyevich} [or {Ivan} the {Terrible}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man funded a military corps known as the streltsy, which led to the annexations of Kazan and Astrakhan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_the_Terrible", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f217", "qanta_id": 33988, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man funded a military corps known as the streltsy, which led to the annexations of Kazan and Astrakhan. At one point during this man's rule, he abdicated the throne and was replaced by Simeon Bekbulatovich. Difficulties in his later years included a botched military campaign to retake western Slavic lands in the Livonian War, and the harsh government he created called the oprichnina, a far cry from his earlier Chosen Council. He killed his own son, bringing about the downfall of the Rurik Dynasty. For 10 points, identify this Russian leader who served as the first man to take the title tsar and is best known for his rampant acts of cruelty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 211 ], [ 212, 434 ], [ 435, 507 ], [ 508, 653 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Vanity Fair}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel dies under unexplained circumstances after he takes out a large insurance policy in his lover's name.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vanity_Fair_(novel)", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f21a", "qanta_id": 33991, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel dies under unexplained circumstances after he takes out a large insurance policy in his lover's name.\u00a0 One character's lover has an affair with Sir Pitt, her husband's brother, while he is in jail for gambling debts in this work. In addition to the protagonist's failed marriage with Rawdon Crawley, this novel sees its protagonist meet her best friend at Miss Pinkerton's School, and another character marries George Osborne, although she was loved by Captain Dobbin.\u00a0 For 10 points, name this novel about Amelia Sedley and Becky Sharp, a work by William Makepeace Thackeray.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 131, 257 ], [ 258, 498 ], [ 498, 604 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Sir Vidiahar Surajprasad} [V.S.] {Naipaul}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's novels, the main character nearly crashes into two Jehovah's Witnesses after running over a dog.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "V._S._Naipaul", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f220", "qanta_id": 33997, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's novels, the main character nearly crashes into two Jehovah's Witnesses after running over a dog. One of his non-fictional works contrasts Venezuela's war for independence with an aging conquistador's search, his The Loss of El Dorado. Another of his works features Mr. Popo and the poet B. Wordsworth, who never complete any of their projects. Another of his novels sees the \"big man\" spell trouble for Salim's new shop. The title character of another of his works must put up with his overzealous Tulsi family he marries into. For 10 poitns, name this Trinidadian author of A Bend in the River and A House for Mr. Biswas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 255 ], [ 256, 364 ], [ 365, 441 ], [ 442, 548 ], [ 549, 643 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jacques Louis {David}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of his paintings shows several men in the nude preparing for battle as the titular Spartan king stares calmly at the viewer, and he depicted several people holding staffs with the title symbols in another work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jacques-Louis_David", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f224", "qanta_id": 34001, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his paintings shows several men in the nude preparing for battle as the titular Spartan king stares calmly at the viewer, and he depicted several people holding staffs with the title symbols in another work. This artist of Leonidas at Thermopylae and The Distribution of the Eagles also painted The Portrait of Madame Recamier. In one of his paintings the title character points upward while holding a cup as several people turn away in grief, while another shows some sorrowful women in the background as three young men raise their arms to make a pledge. For 10 points, identify this dude who painted The Death of Socrates and The Oath of the Horatii.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 214 ], [ 215, 334 ], [ 335, 563 ], [ 564, 660 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Eugene Gladstone {O'Neill}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's works sees Captain Bartlett learn that he had killed a man to protect a buried treasure that turns out to be a chest of worthless trinkets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f22a", "qanta_id": 34007, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's works sees Captain Bartlett learn that he had killed a man to protect a buried treasure that turns out to be a chest of worthless trinkets. In another work, this author described a man who recites Baudelaire to a prostitute named Fat Violet. This author of Gold wrote of a man who encounters the \"little formless fears,\" a railway car porter who becomes a dictator sought by Smithers and Lem. He also wrote of Mary's descent into morphine addiction, and of the patrons of Harry Hope's bar who deal with their \"pipe dreams.\" For 10 points, name this author of The Emperor Jones, Long Day's Journey into Night, and The Iceman Cometh.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 262 ], [ 263, 413 ], [ 414, 544 ], [ 545, 652 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{alkynes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "They are formed from an aryl halide and an organocopper reagent in the Castro Stephens reaction, and the addition of azides to one of them is an example of a \"click chemistry\" reaction studied by Sharpless.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkyne", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f233", "qanta_id": 34016, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "They are formed from an aryl halide and an organocopper reagent in the Castro Stephens reaction, and the addition of azides to one of them is an example of a \"click chemistry\" reaction studied by Sharpless. The products of the Corey-Fuchs reaction also have these groups, and they can be produced via an E2 elimination of vicinal dihalides. In the presence of Mercury sulfate and a catalytic amount of acid, water is added across these functional groups to yield ketones, and the terminal types have a pKa of about 25. For 10 points, identify these functional groups which contain carbon-carbon triple bonds, whose best known example is acetylene or ethyne.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 340 ], [ 341, 518 ], [ 519, 657 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "e.e {cummings} [or Edward Estlin {Cummings}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He claimed that \"kindness and goodness do not make a fellow tall\" in \"Lily has a Rose,\" and retold the story of Little Eva and Eliza in his ballet Tom.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._E._Cummings", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f242", "qanta_id": 34031, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He claimed that \"kindness and goodness do not make a fellow tall\" in \"Lily has a Rose,\" and retold the story of Little Eva and Eliza in his ballet Tom. He wrote of males who \"cannot chat of this and that\" in \"the boys i mean are not refined.\" He told of a man \"more blond than you\" who \"will not kiss your ... flag\" in his \"I Sing of Olaf, Glad and Big.\" He wrote of \"someones marrying their everyones/ laughing their cryings\" in one work, and told of a French concentration camp run by Appolyon in World War I in a work based on Pilgrim's Progress. For 10 points, name this author of \"Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town\" and The Enormous Room.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 242 ], [ 243, 354 ], [ 355, 549 ], [ 550, 643 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Swan} Lake [or {Lebed\u00ednoye \u00d3zero}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Riccardo Drigo altered the score for the most popular staging of this work, which was co-choreographed by Lev Ivanov and Marius Petipa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Swan_Lake", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f263", "qanta_id": 34064, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Riccardo Drigo altered the score for the most popular staging of this work, which was co-choreographed by Lev Ivanov and Marius Petipa. That score kept the first-act \"Dance with Goblets.\" In its second act, one main character puts down his loaded crossbow and learns about the father of Odile, the evil sorcerer Von Rothbart. Its ends as two characters kill themselves, breaking the spell that turned the princess Odette into the title animal. For 10 points, name this ballet by Pyotr Tchaikovsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 186 ], [ 186, 325 ], [ 326, 443 ], [ 444, 497 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sigmund {Freud}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man was influenced by his studies at Salpetriere under Jean-Martin Charcot, who described physical diseases with neurological bases.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sigmund_Freud", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f26d", "qanta_id": 34074, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man was influenced by his studies at Salpetriere under Jean-Martin Charcot, who described physical diseases with neurological bases. His daughter Anna expanded on his theory of the defense mechanism, and he proposed the concept of the \"death drive\" in Beyond the Pleasure Principle. He theorized the psyche in terms of the superego, ego, and id, and he developed five stages of psychosexual development. For 10 points, name this Austrian psychologist and founder of psychoanalysis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 287 ], [ 288, 408 ], [ 409, 486 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{temperature} [accept {T}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Legendre transform of internal energy to yield Helmholtz free energy involves the product of entropy and this quantity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Temperature", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f26e", "qanta_id": 34075, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Legendre transform of internal energy to yield Helmholtz free energy involves the product of entropy and this quantity. Heat capacity, according to the Debye model, is proportional to the cube of this quantity, and the average kinetic energy of an ideal gas is three-halves times Boltzmann's constant times this quantity. If it has a high value when changes in enthalpy and entropy are both positive, this quantity drives the spontaneity of a reaction. That is because change in Gibbs' free energy is equal to change in enthalpy minus this times change in entropy. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in Kelvins.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 325 ], [ 326, 456 ], [ 457, 568 ], [ 569, 623 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John {Keats}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this author describes the appearance of Porphyro on the title holiday and, in another, Hermes is assisted in his search for a nymph by the titular serpent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Keats", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f275", "qanta_id": 34082, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this author describes the appearance of Porphyro on the title holiday and, in another, Hermes is assisted in his search for a nymph by the titular serpent. In addition to \"Eve of St. Agnes\" and \"Lamia,\" this author of \"On First Looking into Chapman's Homer\" also wrote a poem about a knight abandoned by the titular \"La Belle Dame Sans Merci.\" The title figure of another of this man's poems \"wast not born for death\" and another states that \"Beauty is truth, truth beauty.\" For 10 points, name this British Romantic poet of \"Ode to a Nightingale\" and \"Ode on a Grecian Urn.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 354 ], [ 354, 486 ], [ 487, 587 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sandro {Botticelli} [or Alessandro Botticelli]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's paintings, a nearly-ethereal golden crown is being placed on the Virgin Mary's head by two angels, and this man also painted Saint Augustine meditating in a studio full of books, globes, and drawers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sandro_Botticelli", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f2a7", "qanta_id": 34132, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's paintings, a nearly-ethereal golden crown is being placed on the Virgin Mary's head by two angels, and this man also painted Saint Augustine meditating in a studio full of books, globes, and drawers. This artist of Madonna of the Magnificat also created a work in which the three Graces dance in a forest while Zephyr grabs Chloris, who stands with Flora. This artist also depicted the central figure of that painting rising from the sea on a giant shell in another work. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance artist of Primavera and The Birth of Venus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 220 ], [ 221, 376 ], [ 377, 492 ], [ 493, 581 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Jainism} [accept {Jaina}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This belief system holds that partial knowledge is attainable through different viewpoints called naya and that souls are initially omniscient but restrained by karma.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f2be", "qanta_id": 34155, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This belief system holds that partial knowledge is attainable through different viewpoints called naya and that souls are initially omniscient but restrained by karma. Among the tenets of this religion are asteya, not taking that which is not given, and satya, truth. Forgiveness can be sought through samayik and the concepts of dharma and adharma allow movement and rest. Samvara is a cessation of the accumulation of karma, and the 24 Tirthankaras acquired all knowledge. Sects of this religion include the sky-clad Digambaras and white-clad Svetambaras, both of which practice ahimsa, or non-violence. For 10 points, name this religion whose adherents follow the teachings of Mahavira.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 267 ], [ 268, 373 ], [ 374, 474 ], [ 475, 605 ], [ 606, 689 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jean-Jacques {Rousseau}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this philosopher debunks the conception of children as essentially being small versions of adults.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f2d2", "qanta_id": 34175, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this philosopher debunks the conception of children as essentially being small versions of adults. In another work, the collective of all citizens is viewed as a separate body from the government known as the state when passive and the sovereign when active. In that work, this philosopher stresses the importance of expressing the general will and states that citizens secure liberation from the state of nature by entering in the titular agreement. For 10 points, name this French author of Emile and The Social Contract.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 271 ], [ 272, 463 ], [ 464, 536 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Wuthering Heights}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the cook Zillah saves the narrator from dogs, and the narrator later breaks a window pane during a dream in which a ghost begs to be let inside.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wuthering_Heights", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f2d7", "qanta_id": 34180, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, the cook Zillah saves the narrator from dogs, and the narrator later breaks a window pane during a dream in which a ghost begs to be let inside. Isabella's child Linton is married to that character's daughter but dies soon afterwards, according to the story told by Ellen Dean to Mr. Lockwood at the former home of Edgar Linton, Thrushcross Grange. Hareton eventually inherits the property of his father Hindley, the brother of Catherine Earnshaw. For 10 points, name this novel by Emily Bronte featuring Heathcliff, an orphan who for a time owns the title estate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 363 ], [ 364, 462 ], [ 463, 579 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jacques-Louis {David} [\u201cda-veed\u201d]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's works features women weeping while the title figure sits alone pondering executions he has ordered, The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jacques-Louis_David", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f2e4", "qanta_id": 34193, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's works features women weeping while the title figure sits alone pondering executions he has ordered, The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons. Another work sees a young man in red holding a cup to the title figure while covering his face, and another work by this artist of The Tennis Court Oath and The Death of Socrates is framed by three arches, under one of which stand Roman triplets. This man also painted a stabbed man dying in his bathtub. For 10 points, name this French Neoclassicist painter of The Oath of the Horatii and The Death of Marat.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 416 ], [ 417, 474 ], [ 475, 579 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Shogunate}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One holder of this rank fought against Go-Daigo after breaking away from the Kemmu Restoration.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tokugawa_shogunate", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f2ed", "qanta_id": 34202, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One holder of this rank fought against Go-Daigo after breaking away from the Kemmu Restoration. This position ruled via the bakufu, or tent government. One dynasty of this rank was founded after the Battle of Sekigahara and ordered subordinates to leave their families in Edo as hostages. A different dynasty was founded by Minamoto no Yoritomo, and the founder of the final one was a lieutenant of Hideyoshi. Several different dynasties held this title, such as the Ashikaga, Kamakura, and Tokugawa. For 10 points, name this highest military position in feudal Japan, whose name derived from a title meaning \"barbarian-quelling generalissimo.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 151 ], [ 152, 288 ], [ 289, 349 ], [ 350, 409 ], [ 410, 500 ], [ 501, 644 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alfred, Lord {Tennyson}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One collection by this author includes the story of Lynette and Gareth, and another of his poems describes an idyllic land from The Odyssey.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f2ef", "qanta_id": 34204, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One collection by this author includes the story of Lynette and Gareth, and another of his poems describes an idyllic land from The Odyssey. The speaker of another poem asks God to \"make [him] wise,\" and this man wrote \"Idylls of the King\" and \"The Lotos-Eaters.\" This author of \"In Memoriam A.H.H.\" closed all of his collections with \"Crossing the Bar\" and wrote a poem which sees the title figure resolve \"to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.\" For 10 points, name this British poet of \"Ulysses\" who described a group who had \"but to do and die\" in \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 263 ], [ 264, 455 ], [ 456, 594 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Hedda Gabler}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work dies in a brawl at Mademoiselle Diana's, leading to a threat of investigation by a man who had earlier accompanied the title character's husband to a bachelor party.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hedda_Gabler", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f2f4", "qanta_id": 34209, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work dies in a brawl at Mademoiselle Diana's, leading to a threat of investigation by a man who had earlier accompanied the title character's husband to a bachelor party. The title character insists on a lengthy honeymoon and feels threatened when books written by the lover of Thea reduce her husband's chance at a professorship. The title character destroys the manuscript of Eilert Lovberg before committing suicide with one of her father's pistols to avoid scandal. For 10 points, name this play by Henrik Ibsen whose title character is the wife of George Tessman.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 352 ], [ 353, 491 ], [ 492, 590 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Noam {Chomsky}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker illustrated one of his major theories with a \"phase structure tree\" relating words and phrases in a sentence, and he proposed that the abstract \"deep structure\" of sentences could be related to the \"surface structure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Noam_Chomsky", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f2fa", "qanta_id": 34215, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker illustrated one of his major theories with a \"phase structure tree\" relating words and phrases in a sentence, and he proposed that the abstract \"deep structure\" of sentences could be related to the \"surface structure.\" This thinker also attacked behaviorist theories of language as a learned habit in his review of Skinner's Verbal Behavior. Languages with phrase structure which can be computed by Turing machines form the Type-0 tier of his grammar hierarchy, and he theorized that a precise set of rules could predict all of the grammatically possible sentences in a language. For 10 points, name this author of Cartesian Linguistics and Syntactic Structures and theorist of transformational-generative grammar, a noted MIT linguist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 230 ], [ 230, 231 ], [ 232, 354 ], [ 355, 592 ], [ 593, 749 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto {Dal\u00ed} i Dom\u00e8nech", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this artist's paintings depicts a slave market in which the face of Voltaire is formed by people in the background, and in another painting, the leg of the ghost of Vermeer forms a table with a wine bottle on it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salvador_Dal\u00ed", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f2ff", "qanta_id": 34220, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this artist's paintings depicts a slave market in which the face of Voltaire is formed by people in the background, and in another painting, the leg of the ghost of Vermeer forms a table with a wine bottle on it. Numerous works of his include elephants with hilariously spindly legs, and his paintings include Swans Reflecting Elephants and The Hallucinogenic Toreador. Along with Luis Bu\u00f1uel, he created the film An Andalusian Dog. Another of his works is paired with a \"disintegration\" of the same work and shows melting clocks, some with insects on them. For 10 points, name this Catalan Surrealist artist of The Persistence of Memory.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 376 ], [ 377, 439 ], [ 440, 564 ], [ 565, 645 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Great Expectations}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, Bentley Drummle marries a childhood friend of the protagonist, and the protagonist lives with a relative of that friend's guardian, Herbert Pocket, after leaving the home of the blacksmith Joe Gargery.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Great_Expectations", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f300", "qanta_id": 34221, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, Bentley Drummle marries a childhood friend of the protagonist, and the protagonist lives with a relative of that friend's guardian, Herbert Pocket, after leaving the home of the blacksmith Joe Gargery. Arthur Compeyson is revealed to be the man who deserted Mr. Provis' child's guardian, a recluse who dies in a fire. As a child, the protagonist gives a man a pork pie and a file, and in return, Abel Magwitch, the father of a girl left in the care of Miss Havisham, Estella, becomes the protagonist's benefactor. For 10 points, name this novel by Charles Dickens about the orphan Pip.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 217, 332 ], [ 333, 528 ], [ 529, 600 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{pulsars} [prompt on {neutron} star]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The lighthouse model describes the misalignment of the axes of these entities.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pulsar", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f303", "qanta_id": 34224, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The lighthouse model describes the misalignment of the axes of these entities. One of these objects forms the center of the Crab Nebula and serves as the source of its synchotron radiation. A subclass of these without a companion star and powered by magnetic field decay is called the magnetar. These objects discovered by Anthony Hewish and his student Jocelyn Bell are a subset of neutron stars and were originally dubbed \"Little Green Men.\" Originally hypothesized to be rapidly-spinning neturon stars, for 10 points, name these ultra-dense spinning balls which regularly emit radiation as they spin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 189 ], [ 190, 294 ], [ 295, 443 ], [ 444, 603 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Soren {Kierkegaard}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this philosopher equated the Christian concept of sin with human despair, and in another, he introduced the \"knight of infinite resignation\" while elaborating variations on the story of Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "S\u00f8ren_Kierkegaard", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f314", "qanta_id": 34241, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this philosopher equated the Christian concept of sin with human despair, and in another, he introduced the \"knight of infinite resignation\" while elaborating variations on the story of Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac. In addition to The Sickness Unto Death and Fear and Trembling, he wrote a work including the diary of Johannes the Seducer compiled by Victor Eremita which contrasts the ethical and aesthetic ways of life. For 10 points, name this existentialist Danish philosopher who wrote Either/Or.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 228 ], [ 229, 434 ], [ 435, 511 ], [ 511, 514 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Marduk", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This mythological figure's son Nabu was a god of wisdom who controlled the fates of humans, and his consort was Zarpanit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marduk", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f32f", "qanta_id": 34268, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This mythological figure's son Nabu was a god of wisdom who controlled the fates of humans, and his consort was Zarpanit. After his greatest victory had been accomplished with a net and arrows, this god received 50 powerful names. As a child, he played with four winds given to him by Anu, which irritated a monster he would later face. His cult surpassed that of Enlil after his patron city gained power. He snatched the Tablets of Destiny from the usurper Kingu, out of whose blood humans were made. In the Enuma Elish, this god kills the sea dragon Tiamat. For 10 points, name this supreme god of the Babylonian pantheon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 230 ], [ 231, 336 ], [ 337, 405 ], [ 406, 501 ], [ 502, 559 ], [ 560, 624 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "electronegativity", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Sanderson's version of this property allows estimation of bond energies due to known bond lengths, while the Allred-Rochow scale define it in terms of covalent radius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electronegativity", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f336", "qanta_id": 34275, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Sanderson's version of this property allows estimation of bond energies due to known bond lengths, while the Allred-Rochow scale define it in terms of covalent radius. A small difference in this quantity leads to a polar covalent bond, while a large difference results in an ionic bond. The Mulliken scale defines it as the mean of electron affinity and ionization energy, while the more common Pauling scale sets the greatest value at 4.0. For 10 points, name this property defined as the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 286 ], [ 287, 440 ], [ 441, 541 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "String {Quartet}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Antonin Dvorak's twelfth work of this form in F major is entitled the \"American,\" and Schubert's lied Death and the Maiden was adapted into his fourteenth of these.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "String_quartet", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f33a", "qanta_id": 34279, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Antonin Dvorak's twelfth work of this form in F major is entitled the \"American,\" and Schubert's lied Death and the Maiden was adapted into his fourteenth of these. Beethoven's Grosse Fuge is a single-movement one of these, and sixty-eight were written by Joseph Haydn, who, in addition to being called the \"Father of the Symphony,\" is credited as the \"Father of\" this form. For 10 points, name this genre of chamber music played by an ensemble usually consisting of two violins, a viola, and a cello.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 374 ], [ 375, 501 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Samuel {Beckett}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's works sees its title character ponder Mahood and Worm, and another features the title character on his sixty-ninth birthday listening to a recording of himself at thirty-nine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Beckett", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f33b", "qanta_id": 34280, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's works sees its title character ponder Mahood and Worm, and another features the title character on his sixty-ninth birthday listening to a recording of himself at thirty-nine. In addition to The Unnameable, part of a trilogy, and Krapp's Last Tape, this man wrote a play in which Nell and Nagg live in trash cans, Hamm can't stand, and Clov can't sit, and one in which Vladimir and Estragon consider hanging themselves and meet Lucky and Pozzo while performing the title action. For 10 points, name this author of Endgame and Waiting for Godot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 197, 499 ], [ 500, 565 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Michel {Foucault}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this philosopher, the reforms of the Tuke brothers and Philippe Pinel are partially blamed for a new theory of the central concept based on opposing reason.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michel_Foucault", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f340", "qanta_id": 34285, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this philosopher, the reforms of the Tuke brothers and Philippe Pinel are partially blamed for a new theory of the central concept based on opposing reason. In another work, Bentham's panopticon is used to interpret the modern prison system. That earlier work analyzes the modern psychiatrist as a method for secluding in silence people with the titular malady, and he wrote The Will to Knowledge as the first volume of his The History of Sexuality. For 10 points, name this French philosopher who wrote Discipline and Punish and Madness and Civilization.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 256 ], [ 257, 464 ], [ 465, 570 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "O. {Henry} [accept William Sydney {Porter}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The title character of one of this author's short stories annoys his captors Bill Driscoll and Sam Howard, who eventually return him to Ebenezer Dorset.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "O._Henry", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f353", "qanta_id": 34304, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title character of one of this author's short stories annoys his captors Bill Driscoll and Sam Howard, who eventually return him to Ebenezer Dorset. In addition to \"The Ransom of Red Chief,\" this author wrote a short story in his collection The Four Million in which Della looks at herself in a pierglass. That story sees her buy a fob after selling her hair, and Jim selling his watch to buy her a comb. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Gift of the Magi.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 244 ], [ 245, 310 ], [ 311, 409 ], [ 410, 468 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{echinodermata} [or {echinoderms}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One grouping under this phylum, distinguished by a concentrically arranged skeleton, lives on waterlogged wood and is called sea daisies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Echinoderm", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f369", "qanta_id": 34326, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One grouping under this phylum, distinguished by a concentrically arranged skeleton, lives on waterlogged wood and is called sea daisies. These animals possess snapping structures used to keep away small organisms, the pedicellaria, as well as an ambulacral system, used for respiration, locomotion, and defense, and based on water pressure. That water vascular system drives structures used for feeding and gas exchange, the tube feet. This phylum's members have imperfect radial symmetry of five parts, and include sea cucumbers, urchins, and sand dollars. Name this phylum that also includes the class asteroidea\u2014sea stars\u2014with a name that comes from the Greek for \"spiny skin\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 341 ], [ 342, 436 ], [ 437, 558 ], [ 559, 681 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Nikolai Vasilievich {Gogol}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, a civil servant believes himself to have intercepted love letters between two dogs that are having an affair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Gogol", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f378", "qanta_id": 34341, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's works, a civil servant believes himself to have intercepted love letters between two dogs that are having an affair. That same titular character also took part in an imaginary coronation ceremony when he thought himself heir to the throne of Spain. Another of this author's works sees the a corrupt Mayor bamboozled by a man named Khlestakov. He is probably most famous for his sometimes silly short stories including one where a man's nose comes off his face and runs away. Identify this author and playwright behind Diary of a Madman, The Inspector General, Dead Souls, The Overcoat, and The Nose.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 269 ], [ 270, 363 ], [ 364, 495 ], [ 496, 620 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Antonio Lucio {Vivaldi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's opera Agrippo was re-discovered in 2006, and he composed three concertos for sopranino recorder that are often played on the piccolo today.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f37c", "qanta_id": 34345, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's opera Agrippo was re-discovered in 2006, and he composed three concertos for sopranino recorder that are often played on the piccolo today. This early proponent of the clarinet composed a three-act opera adaptation of the Ludovico Ariosto epic Orlando Furioso, but he is more famous for more than 300 concertos, including a set from The Contest Between Harmony and Invention that opens with the composer's own poetry and includes La Primavera. Identify this prominent Venetian baroque red-headed orphanage teacher, the composer of The Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 459 ], [ 460, 564 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Las {Meninas} [or The {Maids} of {Honor}; accept The {Family} of {Philip IV} before mentioned]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the introduction to The Order of Things, Michel Foucault analyzes this work, noting that the window depicted on the right side balances the object consuming the left side, between which lie a St. Andrew's cross about the central figure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Las_Meninas", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f3bd", "qanta_id": 34410, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the introduction to The Order of Things, Michel Foucault analyzes this work, noting that the window depicted on the right side balances the object consuming the left side, between which lie a St. Andrew's cross about the central figure. Paradoxically, this painting's vanishing point is at the bent elbow of a man in the doorway at the rear. That doorway is on a wall that includes five dark paintings, surrounding a stark white-outlined mirror that impossibly reflects a king and his wife, Mar\u00eda. Name this painting that depicts the dwarf-surrounded family of the Spanish king Philip IV, including the Infanta Margarita, a work by Diego Vel\u00e1zquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 239 ], [ 240, 344 ], [ 345, 500 ], [ 501, 651 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "St. {Paul} of Tarsus [or {Saul} of Tarsus]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At one point, this figure confronts Peter about his reluctance to eat a meal with Gentiles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paul_the_Apostle", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f3c9", "qanta_id": 34422, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At one point, this figure confronts Peter about his reluctance to eat a meal with Gentiles. This man was also notable for preaching openly for Barnabus, and for making five separate trips to Jerusalem. In one of his writings, he noted the importance of \"faith, hope, and love\", but that \"the greatest of these is love\", and he had earlier had a conversion experience while on the road to Damascus. Name this former tax collector, a figure of the New Testament who wrote several of its books in epistle form, including Titus, Ephesians, and First and Second Corinthians.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 201 ], [ 202, 397 ], [ 398, 569 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Wilhelm Richard {Wagner}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a cycle of five songs, beginning with \"The Angel\" and ending with \"Dreams\", based on the poetry of Mathilde Wesendonck.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Wagner", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f3dd", "qanta_id": 34442, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer wrote a cycle of five songs, beginning with \"The Angel\" and ending with \"Dreams\", based on the poetry of Mathilde Wesendonck. One of his early works, based on Shakespeare'sMeasure for Measure, is known in English as The Ban on Love. Some of his best-known songs are \"Entrance of the Guests\" and \"Liebestod\", and his only well-known comedy is about Eva Pogner, who is supposed to marry the winner of a singing contest in Nuremberg. His works are performed annually at the Bayreuth (bi-ROIT) Festival, especially Parsifal, Das Rheingold, The Valkyrie,Siegfried, and G\u00f6tterd\u00e4mmerung (gur-tur-DU-mu-rung). Name this German opera composer of the Ring cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 246 ], [ 247, 444 ], [ 445, 615 ], [ 616, 666 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Tokugawa} shogunate", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Battle of Sekigahara marked the rise of this Japanese regime, when the founder of this regime defeated Toyotomi clan loyalists.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tokugawa_shogunate", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f3e0", "qanta_id": 34445, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Battle of Sekigahara marked the rise of this Japanese regime, when the founder of this regime defeated Toyotomi clan loyalists. This regime technically controlled about twenty-five percent of Japan, including its major cities and gold mines, and also licensed all foreign trade, though its influence was far greater. During this government's rule, all foreign traders were expelled, with only a small number of Dutch and Chinese merchants allowed in Nagasaki. Name this last shogunate that lasted from 1603 to 1868 and fell during the Meiji Restoration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 320 ], [ 321, 463 ], [ 464, 557 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Teapot Dome} scandal [accept reasonable equivalents for \u201c{scandal}\u201d]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Senator John B. McKendrick introduced a resolution in response to this event, which sparked the McGrain v. Daugherty decision and an investigation by Thomas J. Walsh.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Teapot_Dome_scandal", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f3e4", "qanta_id": 34449, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Senator John B. McKendrick introduced a resolution in response to this event, which sparked the McGrain v. Daugherty decision and an investigation by Thomas J. Walsh. In this event, Edward L. Doheney made a grab for Elk Hills and Buena Vista, California, and, as Robert LaFollette's investigation uncovered, Harry F. Sinclair gave $300,000 to the Secretary of the Interior. As a result, Albert B. Fall did some jail time for accepting the bribe. Name this scandal that rocked the Warren G. Harding administration and involved the illegal leasing of the namesake Wyoming oil fields.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 373 ], [ 374, 445 ], [ 446, 581 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Francis Scott Key {Fitzgerald}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One short story by this author focuses on a Parisian man who tries to reconnect with his daughter Honoria but often ends up in the Ritz Hotel bar; that story is \"Babylon Revisited\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "F._Scott_Fitzgerald", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f3ea", "qanta_id": 34455, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One short story by this author focuses on a Parisian man who tries to reconnect with his daughter Honoria but often ends up in the Ritz Hotel bar; that story is \"Babylon Revisited\". He also wrote a novel about three generations of the Patch family in which Anthony inherits 75 million dollars from Adam, only to live a static and unmotivated life. He also wrote a book about the troublesome marriage between Dick and Nicole Diver. Those novels are The Beautiful and the Damned and Tender is the Night. Name this author who also wrote about George and Myrtle Wilson and Daisy and Tom Buchanan in The Great Gatsby.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 347 ], [ 348, 430 ], [ 431, 501 ], [ 502, 612 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "King {David} [or {Dawud}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's sons raped his own half-sister, Tamar; that was Amnon, who was subsequently put to death by servants under the command of one of this man's other sons.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f3ef", "qanta_id": 34460, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's sons raped his own half-sister, Tamar; that was Amnon, who was subsequently put to death by servants under the command of one of this man's other sons. He was confronted by Nathan about the sinful way he gained one of his wives involving the murder of Uriah. Saul unsuccessfully sabotaged this man's relationship with his friend Jonathan, and his namesake \"shield\" is a hexagram. Descended from Ruth, name this king who supposedly wrote most of the Psalms, married Bathsheba with whom he fathered Solomon, and conquered Goliath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 276 ], [ 277, 397 ], [ 398, 546 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ralph {Vaughan Williams}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer set Robert Louis Stevenson poems, including \"Whither Must I Wander?\" in his Songs of Travel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ralph_Vaughan_Williams", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f3f6", "qanta_id": 34467, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer set Robert Louis Stevenson poems, including \"Whither Must I Wander?\" in his Songs of Travel. The first and longest of this composer's symphonies includes text from Leaves of Grass, while each of the five movements of this composer's seventh symphony open with quotes, the last of which begins \"I do not regret this journey,\" from the journal of Robert Scott. This composer of Sea Symphony and Sinfonia Antarctia is also known for his opera Sir John in Love, which includes the Fantasia on Greensleeves. Name this British composer of Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 372 ], [ 373, 516 ], [ 517, 584 ] ], "tournament": "NTV", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Incans", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of these people's goddesses became pregnant after eating fruit containing sperm from their moon god Coniraya, after which she and her son jumped into the sea and turned into rocks.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f457", "qanta_id": 34564, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these people's goddesses became pregnant after eating fruit containing sperm from their moon god Coniraya, after which she and her son jumped into the sea and turned into rocks. One god of these people was said to wear shining clothes and to carry the Milky Way in a jug, from which he would dispense rain. Their god Supay was the king of a race of demons and the ruler of the underworld, known to them as Uku Pacha. In addition to the weather god Ilyap'a, their deities included the benevolent sun god Inti. For 10 points, name these people whose creator god Viracocha was the grandfather of Manco Capac, the legendary first king of Cuzco.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 313 ], [ 314, 423 ], [ 424, 454 ], [ 455, 509 ], [ 510, 515 ], [ 516, 647 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Baha'i}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One important symbol of this religion is the nine-pointed star containing the \"Greatest Name.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f463", "qanta_id": 34576, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One important symbol of this religion is the nine-pointed star containing the \"Greatest Name.\" Their calendar consists of nineteen months, each with nineteen days, with an extra four to five so-called \"Days of Ha.\" This faith's most prominent text is the Kitab-i-Aqdas, and Shoghi Effendi was appointed successor to its line until the Universal House of Justice could be formed. It was founded by a Persian nobleman who assumed a name from the Arabic for \"door,\" the Baab. For 10 points, name this religion that praises one of its earliest adherents, the Baha'ullah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 93, 94 ], [ 95, 213 ], [ 213, 378 ], [ 379, 472 ], [ 473, 566 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{ketones}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One method of reducing these compounds enantioselectively is known as the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reaction, and in aqueous solutions, they usually exist in equilibrium with enols.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ketone", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f47b", "qanta_id": 34600, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One method of reducing these compounds enantioselectively is known as the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reaction, and in aqueous solutions, they usually exist in equilibrium with enols. Applying the Jones oxidizing agent to secondary alcohols is a more common way of creating these compounds. The simplest example of one is often used in cleanup following organic experiments due to its rapid evaporation, and these compounds are distinguished from a similar type of compound by the presence of two alkyl groups bonded to the central carbon. For 10 points, name this type of carbonyl compound, the simplest type of which is acetone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 283 ], [ 284, 532 ], [ 533, 623 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Bel Marduk} [accept {Amar}-{utu}, {Merodach}, or {Mardochaios}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The two chief temples to this figure were at Esagila and Etemenanki, and the planet of Jupiter, known as Nibiru, was sacred to him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marduk", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f48c", "qanta_id": 34617, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The two chief temples to this figure were at Esagila and Etemenanki, and the planet of Jupiter, known as Nibiru, was sacred to him. This deity subdued the mushussu, a winged serpent that was later ridden by his son Nabu. Female figures in his life include his mother Damkina and his wife Sarpanitu, and he assigned the Annunaki to their proper positions. This god created humans from the blood of another figure; he also reclaimed the Tablet of Destinies from that figure, the demon general Kingu. For 10 points, identify this hero of the Enuma Elish, made chief god of Babylon as a reward for slaying the dragon Tiamat.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 220 ], [ 221, 354 ], [ 355, 497 ], [ 498, 620 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Achilles} [accept {Achilleus}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While fighting an impervious foe, he killed Menoetes to make sure his arm was still strong, and he ended up just pummeling that man, Cygnus, until he became a swan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Achilles", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f496", "qanta_id": 34627, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While fighting an impervious foe, he killed Menoetes to make sure his arm was still strong, and he ended up just pummeling that man, Cygnus, until he became a swan. He may have assumed the name Aissa while hiding in the court of Lycomedes, and some of his famous actions include killing the Amazon Penthiselia and fighting the river-god Scamander. For 10 points, name this figure whose death was brought about by an Apollo-guided arrow, and whose armor was the subject of a spat between Ajax and Odysseus, the greatest Greek warrior in the Trojan War who was killed at his only vulnerable point, his heel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 347 ], [ 348, 605 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Their Eyes Were Watching God}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first chapter of this novel shows the protagonist viewing a pear tree with her grandmother, and the protagonist is later compared to a \"rut in the road, beaten down by wheels.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Their_Eyes_Were_Watching_God", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f49e", "qanta_id": 34635, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first chapter of this novel shows the protagonist viewing a pear tree with her grandmother, and the protagonist is later compared to a \"rut in the road, beaten down by wheels.\" Most of this novel is related as a story from the protagonist to a woman who consoles her for her sore feet, Phoebe. A climactic scene in this novel occurs when the protagonist and her husband are caught in a hurricane in Florida, and shortly thereafter, that husband is bit by a rabid dog and is shot. The protagonist of this novel gets married to Logan Killicks, Joe Starks, and Tea Cake Woods. For 10 points, identify this novel about Janie Crawford, a novel by Zora Neale Hurston.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 179, 297 ], [ 298, 483 ], [ 484, 577 ], [ 578, 665 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Milan {Kundera}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this author described a young poet whose only friend in school is the janitor's son and who is pampered by his mother Maman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Milan_Kundera", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f4b6", "qanta_id": 34659, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this author described a young poet whose only friend in school is the janitor's son and who is pampered by his mother Maman. In addition to that novel about Jaromil, Life is Elsewhere, he wrote a work describing Tamina's attempt to retrieve her love letters. In his first novel one character serves six years of hard labor after the interception of a letter that included the comment, \"Optimism is the opium of the people!\" This author of The Book of Laughter and Forgetting and The Joke also wrote a work ending with the death of Tomas and Tereza in a car accident. For 10 points, name this Czech author who wrote The Unbearable Lightness of Being.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 271 ], [ 272, 436 ], [ 437, 579 ], [ 580, 662 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{ferromagnetism}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The quantum mechanical description of it was developed by Heisenberg using his namesake exchange Hamiltonian.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ferromagnetism", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f4bd", "qanta_id": 34666, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The quantum mechanical description of it was developed by Heisenberg using his namesake exchange Hamiltonian. This phenomenon arises from direct exchange interactions to minimize Coulomb repulsion, and the first theory explaining it was based on internal alignment of spin states and was developed by Peter Weiss. The induced magnetic field becomes permanent even after the external one is removed in hysteresis associated with this phenomenon, which disappears above the Curie point. For 10 points, identify this type of magnetic behavior exhibited by materials like nickel, cobalt, and iron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 313 ], [ 314, 484 ], [ 485, 593 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{chromatography} [accept {column chromatography} until \u201c{glass}\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one variation of this technique, ligands reversibly react with proteins which may be tagged with polyhistidine residues.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chromatography", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f4d8", "qanta_id": 34693, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one variation of this technique, ligands reversibly react with proteins which may be tagged with polyhistidine residues. That is usually followed by CIPP. Another form of it is performed on glass coated with an adsorbent material like silica gel, which can also line the insides of capillary tubes useful in this technique after vaporizing the gas. In addition to the thin layer and capillary gas types, this can be performed through a stationary phase of charged particles in the ion exchange type. For 10 points, identify this technique separating substances based on their chemical properties, such as the pigments of a plant into its constituent colors in the paper type.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 157 ], [ 158, 351 ], [ 352, 502 ], [ 503, 678 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Henry's law", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The concentration-dependent activity coefficient is equal to this law's associated constant divided by pressure, and a high value of that constant has applications for easy air-stripping of chemicals from water.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry's_law", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f4e0", "qanta_id": 34701, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The concentration-dependent activity coefficient is equal to this law's associated constant divided by pressure, and a high value of that constant has applications for easy air-stripping of chemicals from water. It is equivalent to Raoult's Law for ideal mixtures, but for non-ideals, it works best when dissolved mole fraction approaches zero. This law is useful in explaining noble gas solubility in silicate melts and the Bends experienced by deep-sea divers. For 10 points, name this law, which states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 211 ], [ 212, 344 ], [ 345, 462 ], [ 463, 607 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{precession}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Llewellyn Thomas has a relativistic type of this phenomenon named for him and in general relativity a form of this occurs when a small body orbits a large rotating one, called frame dragging or the Lense-Thirring effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Precession", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f4e7", "qanta_id": 34708, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Llewellyn Thomas has a relativistic type of this phenomenon named for him and in general relativity a form of this occurs when a small body orbits a large rotating one, called frame dragging or the Lense-Thirring effect. General relativity can also explain this process for the perihelion of mercury and the Larmor type is when the magnetic moment does not stay in the direction of the magnetic field. Occurring when torque is applied to a spinning object and related to nutation, this is, for 10 points, what motion of the spin axis of an object demonstrated in a spinning top.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 220 ], [ 221, 401 ], [ 402, 578 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Perseus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man founded the kingdom of Mycenae, which was later ruled by his sons, including Sthelenus and Electryon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f4e8", "qanta_id": 34709, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man founded the kingdom of Mycenae, which was later ruled by his sons, including Sthelenus and Electryon. He was raised by the fisherman Dictys after washing up on the island Seriphos after being put to sea in a box with his mother. On his most famous adventure, he received an adamantine sword from Hermes and a polished shield from Athena, after which the Hesperidae gave him directions to find the Graeae. He used the helmet of Hades to escape after slaying the sister of Stheno and Euryale. For 10 points, identify this hero and son of Danae who rescued Andromeda and killed the Gorgon Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 237 ], [ 238, 413 ], [ 414, 499 ], [ 500, 602 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Derek {Walcott}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote about wiping his hand on the \"napkin of brutish necessity\" and asked \"How can I face this slaughter and be cool?", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Derek_Walcott", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f4f5", "qanta_id": 34722, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote about wiping his hand on the \"napkin of brutish necessity\" and asked \"How can I face this slaughter and be cool? How can I turn from Africa and live?\" in one poem. The corporal puts Makak in the third of three cages in the beginning of another of this author's works. In addition to \"A Far Cry from Africa\" and Dream on Monkey Mountain, he wrote a work in which his heart halted at the sight of the Feast of Levi and he also wrote a long work that features Helen, Ma Kilman, and Philoctete. For 10 points, name this author of Tiepelo's Hound and a modern reinterpretation of the Odyssey entitled Omeros, a Trinidadian poet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 166 ], [ 167, 179 ], [ 180, 283 ], [ 284, 506 ], [ 507, 639 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Maurice {Ravel}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's Piano Concerto in G opens with a whip crack, and he wrote an opera in which a clockmaker named Torquemada's sensual wife Concepcion lusts after muscular couriers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurice_Ravel", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f529", "qanta_id": 34774, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's Piano Concerto in G opens with a whip crack, and he wrote an opera in which a clockmaker named Torquemada's sensual wife Concepcion lusts after muscular couriers. Another of his operatic works sees a child punished for mistreating his toys. This composer of The Spanish Hour and The Child and the Enchantments also dedicated a Pavane to the Princesse de Polignac and wrote a difficult piano piece called \"Gaspard de la Nuit.\" He wrote another work that begins with a flute solo and was originally a ballet choreographed by Ida Rubenstein. For 10 points, name this composer of a repetitive work based on a Spanish dance, Bolero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 251 ], [ 252, 436 ], [ 437, 549 ], [ 550, 638 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Vanity Fair}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel rejects Glorvina O'Dowd despite pressure from his commanding officer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vanity_Fair_(novel)", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f54c", "qanta_id": 34809, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel rejects Glorvina O'Dowd despite pressure from his commanding officer. The protagonist is embarrassed when she lives with her former gardener Charles Raggles, and infuriates Miss Jemima when she flings a dictionary into the mud given to her as a graduation gift from Miss Pinkerton's Academy. William Dobbin marries a woman distraught because she never said good bye to her late husband, who died in the Battle of Waterloo, George Osborne, while the protagonist has a failed marriage with Rawdon Crawley. For 10 points, name this novel about Amelia Sedley and Becky Sharp written by William Makepeace Thackeray.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 319 ], [ 320, 531 ], [ 532, 638 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Cyrus} the {Great} [or {Cyrus} II; or {Cyrus} the {Elder}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The military exploits of this man led Ahmose II to seek an alliance with Battus III and other Greek rulers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cyrus_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f587", "qanta_id": 34868, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The military exploits of this man led Ahmose II to seek an alliance with Battus III and other Greek rulers. A magus named Gaumata pretended to be one of this man's sons, Smerdis, while his more famous son lost an army at the Siwa Oasis after defeating Egypt at Pelusium. This father of Cambyses II denounced his foe Nabonidus in a namesake cuneiform document, having earlier defeated Astyages and taken Ecbatana, breaking away from Median rule. More famously, he won at Pteria and Lydia, defeating the wealthy king Croesus and annexing Lydia. For 10 points, identify this Achaemenid, considered the founder of the Persian Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 270 ], [ 271, 444 ], [ 445, 542 ], [ 543, 629 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Eugene {Ionesco}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works the death of Dany compels the protagonist to leave the \"radiant city.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Ionesco", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f5a7", "qanta_id": 34900, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works the death of Dany compels the protagonist to leave the \"radiant city.\" In another of his works, Roberta II suggests the word \"cat\" be used to designate every concept before she marries Jack.\u00a0In this addition to Exit the King and The Killer, this author wrote a play in which Elizabeth relates an astonishing event in her life when she saw a man bend over to tie his shoelaces before the fire chief interrupts a dinner party between the Martins and Smiths. For 10 points, name this absurdist dramatist who created the character Berenger and wrote the plays The Bald Soprano and Rhinoceros.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 220 ], [ 221, 485 ], [ 486, 618 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Arrhenius} Equation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A stretched exponential form of this equation is useful in cases involving variable range hopping, and one theoretical basis for it comes from the Trautz-Lewis theory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arrhenius_equation", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f5ac", "qanta_id": 34905, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A stretched exponential form of this equation is useful in cases involving variable range hopping, and one theoretical basis for it comes from the Trautz-Lewis theory. A modification of this equation has a constant of proportionality equal to Boltzmann's constant divided by Planck's constant and is based on the transition state theory of Eyring and Polyani. One quantity in this equation is equal to the product of the collision frequency and steric factor, which multiplies an exponent of activation energy. For 10 points, name this equation developed by a Swedish chemist that gives the rate of a reaction based on the activation energy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 359 ], [ 360, 510 ], [ 511, 641 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{dogs} [accept {canines} or equivalents]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Velazquez depicted a white one on a chair in his portrait of Prince Felipe Prospero, and Frida Kahlo did a self-portrait with a tiny Itzcuintli one.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f5ad", "qanta_id": 34906, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Velazquez depicted a white one on a chair in his portrait of Prince Felipe Prospero, and Frida Kahlo did a self-portrait with a tiny Itzcuintli one.\u00a0 One appears in front of a canvas, between a young boy and a female nude in Courbet's Artist's Studio, while a spotted one appears near the shore of The Hay Wain.\u00a0 One of these animals is depicted with stop-motion inspired leg movement in a Giacomo Balla Futurist painting showing its \"dynamism.\"\u00a0 For 10 points, name this type of creature that C.M. Coolidge depicted in A Friend in Need playing poker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 150, 313 ], [ 313, 447 ], [ 447, 551 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Langston {Hughes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a monologue in which the speaker comments she has \"been climbin' on\" and \"sometimes goin' in the dark\" after declaring, \"I'll tell you: / Life for me ain't been no crystal stair.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f5c6", "qanta_id": 34931, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a monologue in which the speaker comments she has \"been climbin' on\" and \"sometimes goin' in the dark\" after declaring, \"I'll tell you: / Life for me ain't been no crystal stair.\" In addition to \"Mother to Son,\" this poet wrote the collections Fine Clothes to Jew and The Dream Keeper and a poem ending with a discussion about a person who \"slept like a rock or a man that's dead\" that centers on the speaker seeing a man \"swaying to and fro on his rickety stool\" when the speaker was \"Down on Lennox Avenue the other night.\" For 10 points, name this Harlem Renaissance poet, who wrote \"The Weary Blues\" and \"A Dream Deferred.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 543 ], [ 544, 645 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Count Leo Nikoleyivich {Tolstoy}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters is not given consent to marry the cook Ustinya by his father because the marriage would lessen his productivity, and that character dies when he slips off the roof of his employer's house while clearing snow.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f5e7", "qanta_id": 34964, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's characters is not given consent to marry the cook Ustinya by his father because the marriage would lessen his productivity, and that character dies when he slips off the roof of his employer's house while clearing snow. In addition to writing \"Master and Man\" and \"Alyosha the Pot,\" another of his characters imagines being trapped in a black bag, and is given morphine by his footman Peter while being comforted by Gerasim, while the subplot of another novel is the romance between Kitty and Konstanin Levin.\u00a0For 10 points, name this author of\u00a0The Death of Ivan Ilyich, who wrote about the lover of Count Vronsky in Anna Karenina.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 240 ], [ 241, 530 ], [ 531, 652 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Cat on a Hot Tin Roof}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An argument at the end of this play's first act is interrupted by a child firing his toy pistol.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cat_on_a_Hot_Tin_Roof", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f5ea", "qanta_id": 34967, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An argument at the end of this play's first act is interrupted by a child firing his toy pistol. One character in this play pinpoints his disgust with the \"mendacity\" of the world as the reason he drinks until he hears a \"click\" after discussing why he was jumping hurdles at his old high school. One character in this play kicks Mae and Gooper out of the dining room so he can have a conversation in which he learns that his spastic colon is actually cancer and he forces his son to discuss his relationship with his dead friend Skipper. For 10 points, name this play in which Maggie tries to convince her husband Brick Pollitt to sleep with her, by Tennessee Williams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 296 ], [ 297, 538 ], [ 539, 670 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "David {Ricardo}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Thinkers in this man's \"Neo\" school include Vladimir Dmitriev and Piero Sraffa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Ricardo", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f5f6", "qanta_id": 34979, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Thinkers in this man's \"Neo\" school include Vladimir Dmitriev and Piero Sraffa. This man advocated technology as a way to combat a \"stationary state\" in a chapter of his magnum opus entitled \"On Machinery.\" Robert Torrens popularized another idea of this man that states that the equilibrium of real income is near the subsistence level. For 10 points, name this author of The High Price of Bullion and Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, an economist who advocated trading cloth and win in theorizing comparative advantage, and has a namesake \"Iron Law of Wages.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 206 ], [ 207, 337 ], [ 338, 574 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Birds", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Morris Day and the Time recorded a song titled after a dance named for one of these, and Bob Marley wrote a song about \"Three Little\" ones of these.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bird", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f61b", "qanta_id": 35016, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Morris Day and the Time recorded a song titled after a dance named for one of these, and Bob Marley wrote a song about \"Three Little\" ones of these. The alternate title for the Beatles' song \"Norwegian Wood\" mentions one of these animals, and in its opening line, the song \"Close to You\" made famous by the Carpenters posits why these \"suddenly appear\". The Trashmen sang about \"Surfin'\" one of for 10 points, what animal whose misspelled name is a band most famous for \"Eight Miles High\" and covers of \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" and \"Turn, Turn, Turn\", a \"Free\" one of which is featured in a Lynyrd Skynyrd song.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 353 ], [ 354, 607 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{C\u00fachulainn} (prompt on \u201c{Setanta}\u201d)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The weapon of this mythological figure was a gift from Aiofe and forged from the bone of a sea monster.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "C\u00fa_Chulainn", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f637", "qanta_id": 35044, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The weapon of this mythological figure was a gift from Aiofe and forged from the bone of a sea monster. He once fell in love with the fairy Fand, although Manann\u00e1n used his cloak to make them forget the entire affair. He was harassed by the goddess Morrigan after rejecting her, and his death came at hands of Lugaid after eating dog meat. He had fourteen pupils total, and he was trained by the woman-warrior Sc\u00e1thach. He fought the Connacht army of Queen Maeve single-handedly during the Cattle Raid of Cooley. For 10 points, what nephew of Conchobar fought with the spear Gae Bulg and led the Knights of the Red Branch in the Irish myth?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 217 ], [ 218, 339 ], [ 340, 419 ], [ 420, 512 ], [ 513, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Edward Estlin {Cummings}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author states that \"the way to hump a cow is not / to get yourself a stool\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._E._Cummings", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f644", "qanta_id": 35057, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poem by this author states that \"the way to hump a cow is not / to get yourself a stool\". In another, two of the title characters \"came home with a smooth round stone\" and \"befriended a stranded star\". In addition to \"maggie and molly and millie and may,\" he wrote about a man who was, \"unless statistics lie . . . more brave than me: more blond than you\" in a poem about \"a conscientious object-or\", \"i sing of Olaf glad and big\". He talked about his time in a French concentration camp in his book The Enormous Room. For 10 points, name this author of \"r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r\" and \"anyone lived in a pretty how town,\" best known for his unusual typography and capitalization.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 205 ], [ 206, 318 ], [ 319, 435 ], [ 436, 522 ], [ 523, 680 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Hooke's} law (or {equation}) of elasticity", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Cauchy generalized this statement to higher dimensions and related the two quantities involved to each other via the compliance matrix and the stiffness matrix.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hooke's_law", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f654", "qanta_id": 35073, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Cauchy generalized this statement to higher dimensions and related the two quantities involved to each other via the compliance matrix and the stiffness matrix. The ratio of the two quantities involved is also known as mu, or Lam\u00e9's second parameter. It can be derived in 3 dimensions using Poisson's ratio and the Young modulus. Sensitive to temperature and loading rate, rubber is a notable exception to this law. Stated as F equals negative kx, it states that stress is directly proportional to strain. Containing the spring constant, for 10 points, name this law of elasticity named after a British physicist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 250 ], [ 251, 329 ], [ 330, 415 ], [ 416, 505 ], [ 506, 613 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Baruch {Spinoza} (accept Benedictus {Spinoza})", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He claimed that the three heads of Good that men pursue are riches, fame, and pleasure in a work examining the differences between false, fictitious, and doubtful ideas, On the Improvement of Understanding.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baruch_Spinoza", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f65a", "qanta_id": 35079, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He claimed that the three heads of Good that men pursue are riches, fame, and pleasure in a work examining the differences between false, fictitious, and doubtful ideas, On the Improvement of Understanding. He argued that prophets are not necessarily intelligent but simply imaginative and emphasized that religion should stay out of politics in Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, but his only work published under his name was about his contemporary, Descartes. His definition of God as Being with infinitely many attributes appeared in a work in \"geometric order\" and reflects his pantheism. For 10 points, name this Dutch Jew who wrote Ethics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 459 ], [ 460, 590 ], [ 591, 643 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Pablo {Neruda} or {Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author was \"wounded by the wandering scent\" in a poem which takes its title from Rudyard Kipling, \"The White Man's Burden\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f661", "qanta_id": 35086, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author was \"wounded by the wandering scent\" in a poem which takes its title from Rudyard Kipling, \"The White Man's Burden\". One poem in his most famous collection states \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines\", while another one begins, \"The memory of you emerges from the night around me\". His collections include Twilight and Rings. The last part of one of his poems is addressed to an \"iceman of Andean tears\" and \"an Amazon of buried jaguars\"; that is \"The Heights of Machu Picchu\", the second part of his Canto General. For 10 points, name this Chilean author of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 183 ], [ 184, 295 ], [ 296, 339 ], [ 340, 529 ], [ 530, 613 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Anton {Chekhov}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author depicted a banker who wages two million rubles that a lawyer can not stay in solitary confinement for fifteen years in The Bet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton_Chekhov", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f668", "qanta_id": 35093, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author depicted a banker who wages two million rubles that a lawyer can not stay in solitary confinement for fifteen years in The Bet. Dmitri tries to separate Von Diderits from the woman he meets at Yalta, Anna Sergeyevna, in his \"The Lady with a Dog.\" His plays include one in which a man in love with Nina Zarechnaya, Konstantin Treplev, commits suicide after killing the title character, and one which sees Madame Ranevskaya auction off the title area of land to Lopakhin in order to pay off the mortgage. For 10 points, name this Russian playwright of The Seagull and The Cherry Orchard.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 258 ], [ 259, 514 ], [ 515, 597 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Guy de {Maupassant}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about two title characters who quarrel over the fidelity of their mother after L\u00e9on Mar\u00e9chal dies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Guy_de_Maupassant", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f67e", "qanta_id": 35115, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about two title characters who quarrel over the fidelity of their mother after L\u00e9on Mar\u00e9chal dies. In another novel, Madeleine Forestier agrees to marry the main character, who is ridiculed by his colleagues at the newspaper office because she writes his articles for him. In addition to Pierre and Jean and Bel Ami, he wrote about an effeminate German soldier in Mademoiselle Fifi. One of his short stories is about a title prostitute who caves in and sleeps with travelling Prussians in T\u00f4tes, and another in which Mathilde Loisel loses the title object at a ball and buys a much more expensive version. For 10 points, name this author of Boule de Suif and The Necklace.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 290 ], [ 291, 400 ], [ 401, 623 ], [ 624, 690 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Alan Mathison {Turing}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Along with one co-developer of lambda calculus, this man names a statement based on Hilbert's En\u00b7tschei\u00b7dungs\u00b7problem, which relates calculable and computable functions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alan_Turing", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f684", "qanta_id": 35121, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Along with one co-developer of lambda calculus, this man names a statement based on Hilbert's En\u00b7tschei\u00b7dungs\u00b7problem, which relates calculable and computable functions. One of his proposals was challenged by John Searle, who said that programs like Weizenbaum's ELIZA are akin to a non-Chinese speaker using a dictionary. He developed the bombe to solve the Enigma cipher. A busy beaver is an example of a hypothetical device named for him, consisting of an infinitely long tape and a head which can read and write to the tape, his namesake machine. For 10 points, name this British computer scientist whose namesake test evaluates a machine's ability to appear intelligent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 322 ], [ 323, 373 ], [ 374, 550 ], [ 551, 675 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Franz {Boas}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This scholar's gift for music allowed him to write \"On Alternating Sounds.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Boas", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6a3", "qanta_id": 35152, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This scholar's gift for music allowed him to write \"On Alternating Sounds.\" He worked with Rudolf Virchow at the Royal Ethnological Museum in Berlin, and earlier, he analyzed the impact of geography on the Inuit in Baffin Island. He went to British Columbia to study the Kwakiutl Indians and learned about potlach. Believing that cultures are too complex to be analyzed from a singular perspective, he used archaeology and language in his four-field approach. For 10 points, what American author of The Mind of Primitive Man established the department of anthropology at Columbia and taught people like Zora Neale Hurston and Margaret Mead?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 229 ], [ 230, 314 ], [ 315, 459 ], [ 460, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Eero Saarinen", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Many of this man's works were produced by family friends Hans and Florence Knoll, including one with a white frame and red cushion, the iconic Tulip chair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eero_Saarinen", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6a6", "qanta_id": 35155, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Many of this man's works were produced by family friends Hans and Florence Knoll, including one with a white frame and red cushion, the iconic Tulip chair. Collaborating with the president of the Cranbrook Academy of Art, he designed the Kleinhans Music Hall in Buffalo, New York. The roof of another of his buildings has 1/8th of a sphere, and serves as a concert hall in MIT. His other works include the General Motors Technical Center, the TWA flight center in New York, and Dulles International Airport Terminal near Washington, D.C. For 10 points, name this architect who designed the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, a man of Finnish descent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 280 ], [ 281, 377 ], [ 378, 537 ], [ 538, 652 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Gottfried Wilhelm {Leibniz}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, the alter ego of this man attacks the empiricist position of Philalethes, arguing in favor of innatism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6a8", "qanta_id": 35157, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, the alter ego of this man attacks the empiricist position of Philalethes, arguing in favor of innatism. That alterego, Theophilus, rejects the \"tabula rasa\" in a work meant to rebut Locke, New Essays on Human Understanding. He also proposed that there is no physical causation; rather God designed everything to occur the way it does and created \"pre-established harmony.\" This author of Theodicy and Monadology also believed in \"sufficient reason,\" a concept for which he was satirized in Candide as Dr. Pangloss, a character who maintains the faith that he lives in the best of all worlds. For 10 points, name this rationalist who invented calculus independently of Newton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 236 ], [ 237, 384 ], [ 384, 385 ], [ 386, 604 ], [ 605, 688 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "William {James}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This scholar contrasted dead choices with genuine choices, which are live, forced, and momentous, and he argued that some propositions must be accepted without prior evidence in \"The Will to Believe.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_James", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6b6", "qanta_id": 35171, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This scholar contrasted dead choices with genuine choices, which are live, forced, and momentous, and he argued that some propositions must be accepted without prior evidence in \"The Will to Believe.\" He rejected monism and proposed a multi-verse in A Pluralistic Universe. His most famous work questions whether a man chasing a squirrel around a tree is going around the squirrel, and his Gifford lectures were collected in his The Varieties of Religious Experience. For 10 points, name this American philosopher who coined the term \"stream of consciousness\" and wrote Pragmatism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 273 ], [ 274, 467 ], [ 468, 581 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John {Donne}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's poems says, \"Our hands were firmly cemented / By a fast balm\", while another asks, \"Alas!", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Donne", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6bb", "qanta_id": 35176, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's poems says, \"Our hands were firmly cemented / By a fast balm\", while another asks, \"Alas! Alas! who's injured by my love?\" and begins, \"For God's sake hold your tongue\". In addition to \"The Ecstasy\" and \"The Canonization\", he tells the title character to \"Divorce me, untie, or break that knot again\" in \"Batter my heart, three-person'd God\". His collections include one of essays, Meditations, and one of poetry which calls the title character a \"slave to Fate\" and says that, after \"One short sleep past\", \"thou shalt die\". For 10 points, name this author of \"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning\" and a set of 19 Holy Sonnets, including \"Death, be not proud\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 190 ], [ 191, 363 ], [ 364, 546 ], [ 547, 681 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Rigoletto [KK]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, Giovanna is asked to \"safely guard this tender blossom\" in \"Veglia, o donnma, questo fiore\", but that character, being in love with a man she knows as Gualtier Mald\u00e9, sings \"Caro nome che il mio cor\" after his \"E il sol dell' anima, la vita e amore\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rigoletto", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6bc", "qanta_id": 35177, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, Giovanna is asked to \"safely guard this tender blossom\" in \"Veglia, o donnma, questo fiore\", but that character, being in love with a man she knows as Gualtier Mald\u00e9, sings \"Caro nome che il mio cor\" after his \"E il sol dell' anima, la vita e amore\". Marullo, Ceprano, and Borsa give a blindfolded man a ladder so they can kidnap his supposed lover, acting out Count Monterone's curse. The kidnapped Gilda is actually that blindfolded man's daughter, and Gualtier turns out to be the Duke of Mantua. For 10 points, name this opera with a canzone about the fickleness of women, \"La donna \u00e8 mobile\", in which Sarafucile is hired to kill the Duke by the titular hunchbacked jester, a work by Guiseppe Verdi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 264 ], [ 265, 399 ], [ 400, 513 ], [ 514, 718 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Hall} effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A circular version of it is called the Corbino effect, and it can be measured using the Van der Pauw method.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hall_effect", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6c2", "qanta_id": 35183, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A circular version of it is called the Corbino effect, and it can be measured using the Van der Pauw method. Used in a type of spacecraft thruster, two versions of it differ in whether the filling factor nu is integral or rational. A thin copper film can be used as a namesake probe, to measure large magnetic fields on the order of one tesla. With thermal, spin, and quantum varieties, it occurs because the Lorentz force pushes charge carriers to one side of the conductor, producing a measurable voltage. Used to determine the sign of the charge carriers, for 10 points, name this effect in which a perpendicular potential difference arises in a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 231 ], [ 232, 343 ], [ 344, 507 ], [ 508, 703 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jean {Piaget}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In his semi-clinical studies, he sought to gain \"spontaneous convictions\" out of his subjects through unexpected questions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Piaget", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6dc", "qanta_id": 35209, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In his semi-clinical studies, he sought to gain \"spontaneous convictions\" out of his subjects through unexpected questions. His constructivist position was that reality is developed not through copying but through construction, and he concluded that assimilation and accommodation are ways to achieve cognitive equilibrium. This proponent of genetic epistemology named new skills and knowledge as schema, and he wrote The Language and Thought of the Child and The Origin of Intelligence in Children. For 10 points, pre\u00b7operational and sensori\u00b7motor are two of the stages in the theory of cognitive development of what Swiss psychologist?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 323 ], [ 324, 499 ], [ 500, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Henri {Matisse}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He introduced \"painting with scissors\", and that technique involving paper cut collages was used in Beasts of the Sea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henri_Matisse", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6e1", "qanta_id": 35214, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He introduced \"painting with scissors\", and that technique involving paper cut collages was used in Beasts of the Sea. A hundred such prints were collected in the book Jazz, while his paintings included one depicting a woman on the right setting the table, which is decorated with a red and blue pattern that runs onto the walls of the room as well. His portrait of his wife is known for the prominent feature running down her nose. Besides The Green Stripe, he depicted five figures holding hands against a background of green and blue, performing the titular action. For 10 points, name this French painter of Harmony in Red and The Dance, the founder of Fauvism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 349 ], [ 350, 432 ], [ 433, 568 ], [ 569, 665 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{diffusion} (prompt on \u201c {effusion} \u201d until \u201c semiconductors \u201d is read)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Knudsen type occurs at low pressures in porous media and is governed by the Einstein-Smoluchowski relation, while the Bohm type occurs in plasmas acted upon by a magnetic field.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6f8", "qanta_id": 35237, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Knudsen type occurs at low pressures in porous media and is governed by the Einstein-Smoluchowski relation, while the Bohm type occurs in plasmas acted upon by a magnetic field. Used in doping semiconductors, it is governed by two laws named after Adolf Fick. Another law states that the rate at which it occurs is inversely proportional to the square root of the particles' masses. That law is named after the man who first studied it in liquids and gases, Thomas Graham. When it causes a solvent to move through a semi-permeable membrane, it is called osmosis. Caused by the random collisions of particles, for 10 points, name this transport phenomenon resulting in a net flow of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 263 ], [ 264, 386 ], [ 387, 476 ], [ 477, 566 ], [ 567, 759 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Grant DeVolson {Wood}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this artist's works shows a boy holding a football and wearing the title piece of clothing, Plaid Sweater.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grant_Wood", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f6fb", "qanta_id": 35240, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this artist's works shows a boy holding a football and wearing the title piece of clothing, Plaid Sweater. He painted three chickens, one of which is standing up with an elongated neck, in Adolescence. One of his works shows the title biographer drawing back the curtain as a man in red bends a cherry tree while his son, George Washington, points at an axe, Parson Weems' Fable. A lithograph of Emmanuel Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware sits behind three ugly old women, one holding tea, in his Daughters of Revolution, while his most famous work shows a farmhouse behind a staid woman and a bald man holding a pitchfork. For 10 points, name this Iowan painter of American Gothic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 208 ], [ 209, 386 ], [ 387, 638 ], [ 639, 697 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "triangles [LC]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Erd?s [EHR-dish]-Mordell inequality applies to these entities, and in one of these, the Nagel point is the isotomic conjugate of the Gergonne point.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Triangle", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f706", "qanta_id": 35251, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Erd?s [EHR-dish]-Mordell inequality applies to these entities, and in one of these, the Nagel point is the isotomic conjugate of the Gergonne point. Kimberling also cataloged the Spieker center and the Feuerbach point for one of these. The de Longchamps point for one lies on the Euler line, along with the nine point center, orthocenter, and circumcenter. Their area can be calculated using Heron's formula, and in non-Euclidean geometries, the sum of their angles differs from the usual 180 degrees. In ones with a right angle, the side-lengths can be calculated with the Pythagorean theorem. For 10 points, name these three-sided polygons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 239 ], [ 240, 360 ], [ 361, 505 ], [ 506, 598 ], [ 599, 646 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Swan Lake}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In Act I of this work, the protagonist's tutor gets drunk and completely misses when he tries to kiss a dancing village girl.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Swan_Lake", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f707", "qanta_id": 35252, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Act I of this work, the protagonist's tutor gets drunk and completely misses when he tries to kiss a dancing village girl. That tutor, Wolfgang, accompanies the protagonist along with Benno von Sommerstern in celebrating his birthday, only to have the Princess-Mother come in and scold her son about his riotous living. The three proceed to go on a hunt, where the protagonist falls in love, only to later pledge his love to an evil double, Odile, who is the evil von Rothbart's daughter. For 10 points, name this work featuring Prince Siegfried and Odette, who dive into the titular locale and die once they realize they cannot be together in life, a ballet by Pyotr Tchaikovsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 322 ], [ 323, 491 ], [ 492, 683 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Gabriel {Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters has a testicle the size of an ox kidney, fathers five thousand premature children, and is the unnamed General in The Autumn of the Patriarch.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gabriel_Garc\u00eda_M\u00e1rquez", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f70c", "qanta_id": 35257, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's characters has a testicle the size of an ox kidney, fathers five thousand premature children, and is the unnamed General in The Autumn of the Patriarch. Angelica Vicario causes her brothers to kill Santiago Nasar in his Chronicle of a Death Foretold. A veteran of the Thousand Days War, who hopes to receive the pension promised for him fifteen years earlier, appears in No One Writes to the Colonel. Miss Lynch has an affair with Juvenal Urbino in one novel, and the history of the town Macondo is described in his most famous work. For 10 points, name this Columbian author of Love in the Time of Cholera and One Hundred Years of Solitude.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 271 ], [ 272, 421 ], [ 422, 554 ], [ 555, 662 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Bernoulli's} principle, effect, law, or equation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Kutta-Joukowski theorem is derived from this result, and Ludwig Prandtl used Euler's equation to expand it to non-ideal states.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bernoulli's_principle", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f710", "qanta_id": 35261, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Kutta-Joukowski theorem is derived from this result, and Ludwig Prandtl used Euler's equation to expand it to non-ideal states. Pitot tubes measure velocity and are based on this result, and the Venturi Effect is essentially an expression of this law for an incompressible fluid bottlenecked in a pipe. During a hurricane, windows tend to explode outwards than inwards because of this. Due to the conservation of energy, an increase in kinetic energy necessarily causes a decrease in pressure energy. For 10 points, name this principle, named after a Swiss mathematician, which explains the lift which allows airplanes to operate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 306 ], [ 307, 389 ], [ 390, 504 ], [ 505, 634 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Giovanni Lorenzo {Bernini}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his buildings, he put pilasters instead of chapels at the ends of the transverse axis, and his later works include Amalthea with the Infant Zeus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f711", "qanta_id": 35262, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his buildings, he put pilasters instead of chapels at the ends of the transverse axis, and his later works include Amalthea with the Infant Zeus. Besides the Santa Andrea del Quirinale, Rome contains his Fountain of the Bees as well as his Fountain of the Four Rivers. Better known for the baldacchino at St. Peter's, his most famous work is surrounded by life size reliefs of members of the Cornaro family and sees gilded rays rain down on the title figure as a spear-bearing angel stands over her. For 10 points, name this creator of the Ecstacy of St. Theresa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 278 ], [ 279, 509 ], [ 510, 573 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{blue}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Japanese tradition, a dragon of this color guards the eastern signs of the zodiac, while in Christian art Cherubim are traditionally dressed in robes of this color, in contrast to the red robes of Seraphim.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Blue", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f72a", "qanta_id": 35287, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Japanese tradition, a dragon of this color guards the eastern signs of the zodiac, while in Christian art Cherubim are traditionally dressed in robes of this color, in contrast to the red robes of Seraphim. Among the Ancient Hebrews, this color was made from the hilazon snail. Halahala, a poison created during the churning of the ocean, turned Shiva's throat this color, which is also the color of the non-white parts of a tzitzit, or fringe to a Jewish prayer shawl. For ten points, name this color of Vishnu, as well as of the sky and the sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 280 ], [ 281, 472 ], [ 473, 550 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Isis} [accept: {Ese}; {Eset}; \u2018{usat}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The last pagan temple in Egypt, which was shut down by the Byzantine general Narses, was dedicated to this deity and located at Philae.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isis", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f73b", "qanta_id": 35304, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The last pagan temple in Egypt, which was shut down by the Byzantine general Narses, was dedicated to this deity and located at Philae. This deity is associated with the tyet symbol, also called the \"knot\" of this figure. This figure was the only god who knew how to cure a snakebite, and by causing a snake to bite Ra forced Ra to grant this figure power over magic and life and death. Later, this figure used wax and gold to fashion a penis, with which she was then impregnated. This goddess is often depicted with her infant son, who would defeat Seth, the killer of her husband. For ten points, name this mother of Horus, the queen of the Egyptian gods.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 221 ], [ 222, 386 ], [ 387, 480 ], [ 481, 582 ], [ 583, 657 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{death}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Wendish and Slavic mythology, Flins was the god of this phenomenon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f754", "qanta_id": 35329, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Wendish and Slavic mythology, Flins was the god of this phenomenon. Ah Puch, a deity decorated with bells and associated with owls, was the god of this for Mayans, while the Incan god of this was named Supay and ruled the realm of Uca Pacha. Egyptian gods of this phenomenon include one depicted as a green falcon, Sokar. The Aztec god of this and thunder sometimes takes the form of a dog, Xolotl, and leads people to Mictlan. In Greek myth, those to whom this happened went to Hades. For ten points, name this phenomenon associated with the Grim Reaper, the end of life.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 244 ], [ 245, 324 ], [ 325, 430 ], [ 431, 488 ], [ 489, 575 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{horse} [accept: {ashva} from an {adhvaryu priest} before \u201c{ashvamedha}\u201d]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The opening line of the Brhadaranyaka Upanishad states that this animal's head is the dawn before going on to compare each of its body parts to something and telling a story about death transforming himself into this animal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horse", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f783", "qanta_id": 35376, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The opening line of the Brhadaranyaka Upanishad states that this animal's head is the dawn before going on to compare each of its body parts to something and telling a story about death transforming himself into this animal. Uchaishravas was a flying animal of this kind that emerged from the churning of the milk ocean and was eventually acquired by Indra. The ashvamedha ceremony involved mimicked copulation between this animal and the queen and functioned as a kingship ritual that ended in this animal's sacrifice, a key ceremony in Vedic and Proto-Indo-European religion whose sacrificial victims would be selected for prowess in racing. For ten points, name this animal that says \"neigh\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 224 ], [ 225, 357 ], [ 358, 643 ], [ 644, 695 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jean-Paul {Sartre}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker used the example of a classmate who claimed that he could not rightfully fail an agregation, while the titular person passed in order to show, \"if the Jew did not exist, the anti-Semite would invent him.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Paul_Sartre", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f7b9", "qanta_id": 35430, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker used the example of a classmate who claimed that he could not rightfully fail an agregation, while the titular person passed in order to show, \"if the Jew did not exist, the anti-Semite would invent him.\" A psychoanalytic presentation of a playwright who became a ward of the French State is contained in this author's Saint Genet, Actor and Martyr. Raymond Aron claimed that this thinker was attempting an impossible union of Kierkegaard and Marx in his work, Search for a Method, which would later serve as introduction to a longer work on applying that method through \"dialectic circularity.\" In another work subtitled \"An Essay Phenomenological Ontology,\" he outlines the in-itself and for-itself categories of being and describes the vertigo or anguish in the face of radical choice as mauvaise foi, or bad faith. For 10 points, name this French existentialist philosopher who had a tumultuous relationship with Simon de Beauvoir.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 362 ], [ 363, 607 ], [ 607, 831 ], [ 832, 948 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Thor} [accept: {Donar}; {Donner}; {Tror}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "According to one text, this god's son is Loridi and his teacher was Loricus, whom this god slew at the age of twelve, while a different text claims that this god was raised by Hlora and Vingnir.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f7c7", "qanta_id": 35444, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to one text, this god's son is Loridi and his teacher was Loricus, whom this god slew at the age of twelve, while a different text claims that this god was raised by Hlora and Vingnir. This god rescued Aurvandil the Bold, the husband of the sorceress Groa, causing part of a shield to be stuck in his head, and one Poetic Edda consists entirely of this god arguing with the ferryman Harbath. This father of Thurd has the servant Thalfi, and he caused the deaths of Alviss and Hrungnir. The Grimnismol states that the best of halls is this god's hall of Bilskirnir, from which he can be pulled by two goats on his chariot. For ten points, name this husband of Sif and serial slayer of giants, the Norse god of thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 401 ], [ 402, 495 ], [ 496, 631 ], [ 632, 728 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Quetzalcoatl", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow, a creature of this name serves as a mount for a fleaman. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f7ee", "qanta_id": 35483, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow, a creature of this name serves as a mount for a fleaman. The Digi-Egg of Light helps Wormmon evolve into a Digimon whose name derives from this deity. A Marvel character of this name helped warn Thor about Demogorge the God Eater, while for some reason this deity was living under New York in a 1982 horror film starring Michael Moriarty. Unmanned Aircraft Systems created a flying machine based on a pterosaur named for this deity, notable for its long neck. For ten points, name this god, whose Marvel representation retells the famous myth that he was identified with Conquistador Hernando Cortez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 90, 185 ], [ 185, 374 ], [ 374, 496 ], [ 496, 636 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Odin} [or {Wodinaz}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story, this god disguises himself as the farmhand Bolverk in a successful attempt to retrieve the Mead of Poetry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odin", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f807", "qanta_id": 35508, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story, this god disguises himself as the farmhand Bolverk in a successful attempt to retrieve the Mead of Poetry. This god sits atop the \"high place\" of Hlidskjalf, and that which he cannot see is recalled to him by his two ever-circling ravens, Hugin and Munin. This god, who hung from the world tree on the spear Gungnir to earn mastery of the runes, will be swallowed whole by the wolf Fenrir at Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this one-eyed chief god of the Norse pantheon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 269 ], [ 270, 415 ], [ 416, 482 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Fran\u00e7ois-Auguste-Ren\u00e9 {Rodin} (roh-DAN)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist's depiction of the god Iris is missing both an arm and a head and was incorporated into The Apotheosis of Victor Hugo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f809", "qanta_id": 35510, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist's depiction of the god Iris is missing both an arm and a head and was incorporated into The Apotheosis of Victor Hugo. Romantically involved with the sculptor Camille Claudel, he also created a monument to the martyrs of a French city besieged during the Hundred Years' War, The Burghers of Calais (kuh-LAY). This sculptor's (*) The Gates of Hell includes miniature versions of The Kiss and a sculpture of Dante resting his chin on a clenched fist. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 320 ], [ 321, 340 ], [ 341, 460 ], [ 461, 517 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 17", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ralph Vaughan Williams", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His compositions for string orchestra include a Partita for Double Orchestra and a Concerto Grosso for student performers, in which the orchestra is split into groups according to skill level.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ralph_Vaughan_Williams", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f87e", "qanta_id": 35627, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His compositions for string orchestra include a Partita for Double Orchestra and a Concerto Grosso for student performers, in which the orchestra is split into groups according to skill level. Sergei Rachmaninoff was supposedly moved to tears at the premiere of this composer's setting of lines from The Merchant of Venice for sixteen vocal soloists, Serenade to Music. His first symphony is the choral Sea Symphony, while his seventh symphony includes a spoken excerpt from Captain Scott's journal and is titled Sinfonia Anarctica, and his second symphony is titled A London Symphony. For 10 points, who is this British composer of The Lark Ascending and Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 369 ], [ 370, 585 ], [ 586, 693 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Nicaragua}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country contains the ancient footprints of Acahualinca, which were made in volcanic ash, and its Bosawas Biosphere Reserve protects the Western Hemisphere's second largest rainforest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nicaragua", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f88d", "qanta_id": 35642, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country contains the ancient footprints of Acahualinca, which were made in volcanic ash, and its Bosawas Biosphere Reserve protects the Western Hemisphere's second largest rainforest. Diriangen led the Chorotegas of this country in their resistance to the Conquistador Gil Gonzalez Davila, and its old capital was destroyed by an eruption of Momotombo. The largest port on the east coast of this country is named after a Dutch pirate, Abraham Blauvelt, and once served as the capital of its Mosquito Coast. This nation leased its Corn Islands to the United States in the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty in 1914, and its former capital of Granada served as the seat of government for the filibuster William Walker. Bordered by Costa Rica and Honduras, for 10 points, name this Central American nation with capital at Managua.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 188 ], [ 189, 357 ], [ 358, 511 ], [ 512, 708 ], [ 709, 819 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Ozone}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Four atoms of this compound can react with 3 carbon subnitride atoms to form nitrogen gas, and it can also be used to decompose urea and transform cyanides to cyanates.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ozone", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f8a3", "qanta_id": 35664, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Four atoms of this compound can react with 3 carbon subnitride atoms to form nitrogen gas, and it can also be used to decompose urea and transform cyanides to cyanates. Natural and nitrile rubber experience cracking when reacted with this compound, which can be created via the cold plasma method. This compound is quantified in Dobson units when analyzed by spectrophotometry, and one reaction that uses this compound passes through a pair of five-member ring intermediates in the Crigee mechanism, and is used to cleave alkenes to carbonyls. Consisting of a bent molecular geometry with two bonds of order 1.5, this compound is also produced via arc discharge and lightning. For 10 points, name this compound present in a namesake layer of the earth's atmosphere, with formula O3.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 297 ], [ 298, 543 ], [ 544, 676 ], [ 677, 782 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Thebes", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "With the help of Archbishop Simon Atumano, Juan de Urtubia was able to wrest control of this city from the Catalan Company in the fourteenth century.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thebes,_Greece", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f8a7", "qanta_id": 35668, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "With the help of Archbishop Simon Atumano, Juan de Urtubia was able to wrest control of this city from the Catalan Company in the fourteenth century. While in an alliance with Argos, this city lost the Battle of Coronea to Agesilaus II, although at the start of that conflict this city defeated Sparta at the Battle of Haliartus and killed Lysander. This city won a pyrrhic victory at the Battle of Mantinea, at which three of its generals died, one of whom had earlier pioneered the use of the oblique order tactic in the Battle of Leuctra. At the Battle of Chaeronea, this city's Sacred Band was finally defeated at the hands of Phillip II and Alexander the Great. For 10 points, name this city in Boetia, the most powerful Greek city-state prior to the death of its general Epaminondas and the subsequent conquest by Macedonia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 349 ], [ 350, 541 ], [ 542, 666 ], [ 667, 830 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of {Thailand} [or {Ratcha Anachak Thai}]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country's southernmost province of Patani has been the site of insurgency since 2004.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thailand", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f8b1", "qanta_id": 35678, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's southernmost province of Patani has been the site of insurgency since 2004. The Tenasserim Hills along this country's western border contain the Three Pagodas Pass, and this country was once home to a state known as Lanna, which was also called the Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields. This country's eastern region of Isan rests on the Khorat Plateau, and Chiang Mai is its largest city in the north. This country's capital lies on the Chao Phraya River, which flows into its namesake gulf, an arm of the South China Sea. This country's capital was moved to Thonburi by Taksin after the sacking of Ayutthaya. This country shares the Kra Isthmus with its western neighbor Myanmar, and the Malay Peninsula with Malaysia. Once known as Siam, for 10 points, name this country of Southeast Asia with capital at Bangkok.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 297 ], [ 298, 413 ], [ 414, 534 ], [ 535, 621 ], [ 622, 731 ], [ 732, 827 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Hydrogen {bonding}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the Zimm-Bragg model, these interactions are responsible for moving molecules from the C state to the H state, and a double version of this phenomenon was discovered by Brown and Haseltine between certain metallic compounds and acidic groups.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hydrogen_bond", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f8b4", "qanta_id": 35681, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the Zimm-Bragg model, these interactions are responsible for moving molecules from the C state to the H state, and a double version of this phenomenon was discovered by Brown and Haseltine between certain metallic compounds and acidic groups. A bifurcated form of this phenomenon is present when two centers are involved, while a carbonylated aza-crown ether will show the low-barrier type of them. Histidine stabilizes O2 in a bent position above the porphyrin ring of hemoglobin using them. This interaction is responsible for the dimerization of carboxylic acids and the negative azeotropy of hydrogen flouride solutions, and their increased occurence in GC-rich DNA gives those segments their stability. Its responsible for giving alpha helices their shape, and also grants water its high boiling point. For 10 points, name this non-covalent interaction in which an electronegative acceptor pulls on a donor containing a namesake atom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 245 ], [ 246, 401 ], [ 402, 495 ], [ 496, 710 ], [ 711, 810 ], [ 811, 942 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Hera", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This figure allowed Biton and Cleobis to die in their sleep after they pulled a cart to a festival in their honor, and this figure had Jason and Medea kill Pelias for murdering Sidero.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hera", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f901", "qanta_id": 35758, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure allowed Biton and Cleobis to die in their sleep after they pulled a cart to a festival in their honor, and this figure had Jason and Medea kill Pelias for murdering Sidero. Also responsible for killing Lamia's children, this figure kidnapped the Goddess of Childbirth to prevent Leto from going into labor, but eventually let her go. She created the milky way while nursing the infant Heracles, and later condemned Heracles to his 12 labors at the hands of Eurystheus. The mother of Ares, Hebe, and Eris, this figure asked about the creator of a jewel worn by Thetis, discovering that Hephaestus had surivived her knocking him out of Olympus. Also responsible for turning Tieresias into a woman, for 10 points, name this long-suffering wife of Zeus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 345 ], [ 346, 480 ], [ 481, 654 ], [ 655, 761 ] ], "tournament": "THUNDER", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Cry}, the {Beloved Country}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work recalls a twelve-year-old boy who died crossing the street while he waits at the Carisbrooke train station and has some money stolen by a boy who promises to help him arrive in Sophiatown.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f919", "qanta_id": 35782, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work recalls a twelve-year-old boy who died crossing the street while he waits at the Carisbrooke train station and has some money stolen by a boy who promises to help him arrive in Sophiatown. That character also tests the integrity of his son's fianc\u00e9e by making false advances; that son has fallen in with a criminal who claims to have a blessed crowbar, Johannes Pafuri. Other characters include the protagonist's politician brother John and sister Gertrude, for whom he leaves Ndotsheni to find. Arthur Jarvis is murdered by Absalom in, for 10 points, which novel about Stephen Kumalo written by Alan Paton?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 215 ], [ 216, 396 ], [ 397, 522 ], [ 523, 634 ] ], "tournament": "U. of Georgia CCC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Joseph {Conrad} or {Teodor} Josef {Korzienowski}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, Razumov is sent to Geneva as a spy after betraying Haldin to the authorities, and in another, Schomberg's false promise of treasure incites Jones to kill Axel Heyst.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Conrad", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f91c", "qanta_id": 35785, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's works, Razumov is sent to Geneva as a spy after betraying Haldin to the authorities, and in another, Schomberg's false promise of treasure incites Jones to kill Axel Heyst. In addition to Under Western Eyes and Victory, this collaborator of Ford Madox Ford also wrote about an unnamed narrator who bears a striking resemblance to the murderer Leggatt and a novel in which the protagonist sacrifices himself after the death of Dain Waris to atone for his cowardly actions aboard the Patna. Name this author of \"The Secret Sharer\" who used the adventurer Marlow to narrate Lord Jim and a novella about Kurst, Heart of Darkness.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 509 ], [ 510, 646 ] ], "tournament": "U. of Georgia CCC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{gravity} or {gravitation}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Evidence for waves produced by this force has been gathered by observing orbits of close binary pulsars, and Arthur Eddington was the first to observe the bending of light by this phenomenon, called its namesake \"lensing\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gravity", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f922", "qanta_id": 35791, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Evidence for waves produced by this force has been gathered by observing orbits of close binary pulsars, and Arthur Eddington was the first to observe the bending of light by this phenomenon, called its namesake \"lensing\". Transmitted by a yet-undetected particle that has zero rest mass, this inverse-square force of infinite range is modeled by the equation F equals G times m sub one times m sub two divided by r squared, where G is a constant measuring 6.67 x 10-11 Newton meters squared per kilogram squared. For 10 points, name this weakest of the four fundamental forces that Isaac Newton supposedly experienced when watching an apple fall.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 222 ], [ 223, 513 ], [ 514, 647 ] ], "tournament": "U. of Georgia CCC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sir Walter {Scott}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's works deals with William de la Marck's murder of the Bishop of Liege and his subsequent arrest by Charles the Bold; a subplot follows the titular archer's attempts to win the hand of Isabelle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walter_Scott", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f931", "qanta_id": 35806, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's works deals with William de la Marck's murder of the Bishop of Liege and his subsequent arrest by Charles the Bold; a subplot follows the titular archer's attempts to win the hand of Isabelle. In addition to Quentin Durward, the title character of another of this man's novels kills Rashleigh, who is scheming against the narrator, Frank Osbaldistone. That novel is part of a series that also contains Guy Mannering and The Heart of Midlothian and is entitled Rob Roy. For 10 points, name this author of the Waverley series who also wrote about a disinherited son of Cedric the Saxon who marries Rowena in Ivanhoe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 211, 369 ], [ 370, 486 ], [ 487, 632 ] ], "tournament": "U. of Georgia CCC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{China}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote a novel in which the unnamed protagonist, who is misdiagnosed with lung cancer, dreams about finding the \"Wild Man\" and the titular locale, and Ezra Pound's \"The River Merchant's Wife\" is a loose translation of a work of a poet from this nation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f938", "qanta_id": 35813, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author from this country wrote a novel in which the unnamed protagonist, who is misdiagnosed with lung cancer, dreams about finding the \"Wild Man\" and the titular locale, and Ezra Pound's \"The River Merchant's Wife\" is a loose translation of a work of a poet from this nation. An epic from this home of the author of Soul Mountain contains a pig and a river demon who accompany the Monkey King on his titular trip. For 10 points, name this nation whose literature is epitomized by the Five Classics, one of which is Journey to the West, and the works of Li Po and Gao Xingjian.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 280 ], [ 281, 418 ], [ 419, 581 ] ], "tournament": "U. of Georgia CCC", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Saul {Bellow}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, the false talent scout Maurice Venice recruits the protagonist while Dr. Tamkin takes Tommy Wilhelm's money.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Saul_Bellow", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f94f", "qanta_id": 35836, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this author, the false talent scout Maurice Venice recruits the protagonist while Dr. Tamkin takes Tommy Wilhelm's money. In another of his novels, Dr. Elya Gruner is the niece of the title one-eyed Polish Holocaust survivor. This author of Seize the Day and Mr. Sammler's Planet wrote a novel in which the title character fights for custody of Junie with his second wife Madeleine, Herzog. His most famous protagonist marries Stella after going to Mexico with Thea and working for Einhorn. For 10 points, name this Jewish author who wrote about \"an American, Chicago-born\" in his novel The Adventures of Augie March.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 241 ], [ 242, 406 ], [ 407, 506 ], [ 507, 633 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Bertrand {Russell}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher stated that the mind can gain negative knowledge via perception, and attempted to resolve the problem of negative existentials with a theory of descriptions in On Denoting.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f958", "qanta_id": 35845, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher stated that the mind can gain negative knowledge via perception, and attempted to resolve the problem of negative existentials with a theory of descriptions in On Denoting. He rejected the teleological and cosmological arguments in one work, and his namesake teapot illustrates the necessity to make scientifically unfalsifiable claims rather than to simply shift the burden of proof. In addition to A History of Western Philosophy, he wrote the aforementioned Why I Am Not a Christian, as well as Analysis of the Mind. For 10 points, name this man who collaborated with Alfred North Whitehead to write Principia Mathmathica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 401 ], [ 402, 536 ], [ 537, 642 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Bertrand {Russell}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker used the analogy of a British postal directory, in which the \"same names come twice over, once in alphabetical and once in geographical order,\" to illustrate his defense of \"neutral monism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f959", "qanta_id": 35846, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker used the analogy of a British postal directory, in which the \"same names come twice over, once in alphabetical and once in geographical order,\" to illustrate his defense of \"neutral monism.\" This author of \"On Denoting\" argued that \"acquaintance\" and \"description\" are the two ways in which we can be aware of the world, while 1897's \"An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry\" was his first publication on the subject with which he is most associated: mathematical logic. That work led to his work with his most famous collaborator, Alfred North Whitehead. FTP name this British philosopher and co-author of Principia Mathematica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 202 ], [ 202, 203 ], [ 204, 483 ], [ 484, 568 ], [ 569, 642 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Bertrand {Russell} [accept {Russell's teapot} before \u201chis namesake\u201d is mentioned]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An argument removing the burden of proof from the skeptic envisions an undetectable orbiting object, this man's namesake \"teapot\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f95b", "qanta_id": 35848, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An argument removing the burden of proof from the skeptic envisions an undetectable orbiting object, this man's namesake \"teapot\". A principal follower of logical atomism, his namesake paradox asks, \"Does the set of all sets that do not contain themselves contain itself?\" With Einstein, he names a manifesto advocating [*] nuclear disarmament, signed by many nuclear physicists, and claimed that organized churches oppose moral progress in \"Why I Am Not A Christian\". Also known for his work with Alfred Whitehead, for 10 points, name this author who attempted a logical foundation for math in his Principia Mathematica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 274 ], [ 274, 469 ], [ 470, 622 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{polymerase chain reaction}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The fidelity of this process can be increased by using Pfx or Pfu instead of one more typical reagent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymerase_chain_reaction", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f965", "qanta_id": 35858, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The fidelity of this process can be increased by using Pfx or Pfu instead of one more typical reagent. More specific types of this are called its \"nested\" and \"touchdown\" varieties, and the LATE modification made its asymmetric type more efficient. Cations such as magnesium are used to stabilize the product of this process, which is created from (*) dNTPs. Primers anneal to a template during a lower-temperature step in this technique, which was developed by Kary Mullis and which uses a special heat-resistant polymerase called Taq in order to extend DNA strands. For 10 points, name this laboratory technique used to create DNA ex vivo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 248 ], [ 249, 358 ], [ 359, 567 ], [ 568, 641 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Daniel {Webster}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man controversially supported the Fugitive Slave Act in his Seventh of March speech.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Daniel_Webster", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f966", "qanta_id": 35859, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man controversially supported the Fugitive Slave Act in his Seventh of March speech. He concluded a speech in a debate with Robert Hayne with the words, \"Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!\" This man argued that a state could not revoke a charter granted to his alma mater in the Supreme Court. As Secretary of State under (*) William Henry Harrison and John Tyler, he negotiated a treaty defining the border between Maine and Canada. For 10 points, name this orator from New Hampshire who negotiated a treaty with Baron Ashburton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 216 ], [ 217, 320 ], [ 321, 460 ], [ 461, 557 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Robert {Frost}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's poems, the speaker says \"men work together\" whether \"they work together or apart\" after discovering a clump of butterfly weed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550f9f6", "qanta_id": 36003, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's poems, the speaker says \"men work together\" whether \"they work together or apart\" after discovering a clump of butterfly weed. Another contains sections titled \"Loneliness,\" \"House Fear,\" and \"The Impulse,\" and ends with a man learning of \"finalities / beside the grave.\" In another of his poems, a boy dies after his hand is destroyed by a \"buzz-saw\" which \"snarled and rattled in the yard,\" while yet another describes a \"total sky almost without defect\" reflected by spring pools. This author commanded \"Here are your waters and your watering place / Drink and be whole again beyond confusion\" in a poem beginning \"Back out of all this now too much for us,\" \"Directive,\" and wrote about a \"singer\" who \"says the highway dust is over all\" and questions \"what to make of a diminished thing\" in \"The Oven Bird.\" The author of \"Out-, Out-\" and collections such as Mountain Interval and North of Boston, FTP, name this American poet of \"The Death of the Hired Man\" and \"Mending Wall.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 295 ], [ 296, 507 ], [ 508, 835 ], [ 836, 1007 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Literature", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Tom Jones}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The narrator claims that, because the English do not believe in genii like the Muslims do, it's difficult for him to find a way to save this character from Tyburn.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550fa1a", "qanta_id": 36039, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The narrator claims that, because the English do not believe in genii like the Muslims do, it's difficult for him to find a way to save this character from Tyburn. He discusses the merits of equality with a Gypsy-king with whom he takes shelter for the night, learns how a gambling problem and the betrayal of Watson lead to the destitution of the Man of the Hill, and gives three guineas to a novice highwayman who fails to rob him. He discovers the highwayman is Mrs. Miller's cousin when he arrives in London, where he is nearly executed for stabbing Mr. Fitzpatrick while avoiding the affections of Lady Bellaston. He is also helped by his one-time lover Mrs. Waters, who is briefly thought to be his mother before Squire Allworthy sorts things out. For 10 points, name this foundling created by Henry Fielding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 433 ], [ 434, 618 ], [ 619, 753 ], [ 754, 815 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Literature", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Mr. Edward {Rochester}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man, although unnamed, courts a woman named Antoinette, whom he later has watched by a woman named Grace, in Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jane_Eyre", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550fa61", "qanta_id": 36110, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man, although unnamed, courts a woman named Antoinette, whom he later has watched by a woman named Grace, in Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea. He dresses as a fortune teller to solicit the true feelings of one woman, while his wedding was disrupted by Mr. Mason. He also had an illegitimate child with the opera singer Celine, named Adele, and recovered from being blinded in a fire in which his first wife was killed. The owner of Thornfield Hall, for 10 points, identify this love interest and eventual husband of the protagonist of Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 263 ], [ 264, 419 ], [ 420, 565 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{mitochondria} [or {mitochondrion}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Malfunctions of this organelle include Wilson's disease, Kaerns-Sayre syndrome, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550fa62", "qanta_id": 36111, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Malfunctions of this organelle include Wilson's disease, Kaerns-Sayre syndrome, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. It can be found in long traveling chains, and the malate-aspartate shuttle is used between it and the cytosol. Its namesake uncoupling occurs in brown fat, and apoptosis is induced when cytochrome c is released from it. Its cristae are formed by its inner membrane, which is evidence of its endosymbiotic origin. For 10 points, name this organelle whose matrix is the site of the citric acid cycle, the so-called powerhouse of the cell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 231 ], [ 232, 340 ], [ 341, 433 ], [ 434, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Hungary} (accept Magyarorszag until \"Magyars\")", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's history saw the signing of the Bulla Aurea by King Andreas in 1222, and the monk Capistrano helped Janos Hunyadi of this country in the siege of Belgrade.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "54769932ea23cca90550fa83", "qanta_id": 36144, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's history saw the signing of the Bulla Aurea by King Andreas in 1222, and the monk Capistrano helped Janos Hunyadi of this country in the siege of Belgrade. A dynasty established in the early 9th Century in this\u00a0 country was defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld by Otto the Great. The 1848 Revolution in this country saw a list of 12 demands, which included secession from its Eastern Neighbor, though more recently, this country tried to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact in a revolution led by Imre Nagy. For 10 points, identify this country whose people are known as the Magyars.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 291 ], [ 292, 513 ], [ 514, 589 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Brownian} motion", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "When the Hurst parameter is not equal to one-half, it leads to the occurrence of the \"fractional\" version of this phenomenon, and Park et al proposed using Optical Serial Sectioning Microscopy to determine temperature by studying this process in nanoparticles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brownian_motion", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fa95", "qanta_id": 36162, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When the Hurst parameter is not equal to one-half, it leads to the occurrence of the \"fractional\" version of this phenomenon, and Park et al proposed using Optical Serial Sectioning Microscopy to determine temperature by studying this process in nanoparticles. This process can be described by the Langevin equation, and Jean Perrin used this phenomenon to calculate the Avogadro's constant. It was observed by its namesake in pollen grains suspended in water, and Einstein explained it using the kinetic theory of gases. For 10 points, identify this random motion of small particles in a fluid named after a Scottish Biologist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 260 ], [ 261, 391 ], [ 392, 521 ], [ 522, 628 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Candide}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A hangman's inability to tie a proper knot saves one character from death via auto-da-fe in this work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Candide", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fa9d", "qanta_id": 36170, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A hangman's inability to tie a proper knot saves one character from death via auto-da-fe in this work. A character in this novel finds his love interest and her brother working as galley slaves in Venice, and they earlier get robbed in Cadiz. At the end of the novel, everyone retires to Turkey to grow their own garden, and in another scene a teacher appears behind a bush \"instructing\" a comely young maid of Cunegonde. For ten points, identify this novel about the title character and a the philosopher Pangloss who believes this is \"the best of all possible worlds\", a work by Voltaire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 242 ], [ 243, 421 ], [ 422, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Entropy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Renyi type of this has a special case where alpha equals one which produces the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Shannon form of it.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550faac", "qanta_id": 36185, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Renyi type of this has a special case where alpha equals one which produces the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Shannon form of it.\u00a0 The Tsallis type of it is a generalization of the more common Boltzmann-Gibbs type, and it shares the same units with Boltzmann's Constant.\u00a0 One representation of it is as time's arrow.\u00a0 It approaches a minimum as the temperature nears absolute zero, while it is slated to increase over time by the Second Law of Thermodynamics.\u00a0 For 10 points, identify this measure of randomness of elements in a system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 141, 282 ], [ 282, 328 ], [ 328, 471 ], [ 471, 546 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Friedrich Wilhelm {Nietzsche}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher questioned why people followed Socrates when it was well known that Socrates was ugly in an 1888 work.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fac6", "qanta_id": 36211, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher questioned why people followed Socrates when it was well known that Socrates was ugly in an 1888 work.\u00a0 He criticized Euripides for failing to emphasize the Dionysian element compared to the Apollonian element in his first major work, The Birth of Tragedy, while he offered reasons for why he was such a great philosopher in his autobiography, Ecce Homo. He elucidated the concept of the ubermensch in one of his best known works about a figure from an eastern religion.\u00a0 A proponent of the \"will to power\", for 10 points, identify this philosopher who wrote works like Thus Spoke Zarathustra and Beyond Good and Evil, who proclaimed \"God is dead\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 121, 251 ], [ 252, 371 ], [ 372, 489 ], [ 489, 586 ], [ 587, 665 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{bystander} effect", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Latane and Darley were the first to study this phenomenon, and confirmed that as the number of subjects increased, so did the effect's impact. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bystander_effect", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550facc", "qanta_id": 36217, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Latane and Darley were the first to study this phenomenon, and confirmed that as the number of subjects increased, so did the effect's impact. The most famous example of this phenomenon was the murder of Kitty Genovese, and it can be counteracted by the victim of an attack pointing to a specific individual and asking them directly for help. For 10 points, name this effect in which a diffusion of responsibility makes people NOT intervene in an emergency situation when many others are present, acting only as the namesake onlookers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 144, 345 ], [ 345, 537 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Odysseus} [or {Ulysses}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man went with Diomedes to retrieve the bow of Philoctetes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odysseus", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fad6", "qanta_id": 36227, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man went with Diomedes to retrieve the bow of Philoctetes. Earlier, he made Palamedes look like a traitor after Palamedes revealed that he was feigning madness to avoid military service. He received a bag of winds from Aeolus which his men released, and tricked Polyphemus by adopting the name Nobody. Meanwhile, his son Telemachus was trying to ward off suitors for Penelope. For 10 points, name this hero of the Trojan War who underwent a ten-year journey to return home in a namesake epic by Homer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 191 ], [ 192, 306 ], [ 307, 381 ], [ 382, 506 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "liver", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In first trimester fetuses, this organ is the primary producer of red blood cells.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fae4", "qanta_id": 36241, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In first trimester fetuses, this organ is the primary producer of red blood cells. As blood flows into this organ through the portal vein, sugars are converted into glycogen which is stored until needed. These organs in polar bears contain toxic amounts of retinol. It secretes about a quart of bile, and a yellowness of the skin called jaundice can occur when it malfunctions. Excessive alcohol consumption can cause cirrhosis of this organ. For 10 points, name this largest gland in the body, which removes toxins from the blood.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 203 ], [ 204, 265 ], [ 266, 377 ], [ 378, 442 ], [ 443, 531 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "liver", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One part of this organ is known as the bare area, since it is not covered by the peritoneum.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550faec", "qanta_id": 36249, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One part of this organ is known as the bare area, since it is not covered by the peritoneum. This organ is the main site of red blood cell production before the bone marrow takes over, and gluconeogenesis takes place primarily in this organ. It is the site of the degradation of insulin, and it stores glycogen. It produces a substance which is stored in the gallbladder, bile. For 10 points, name this organ which can be afflicted by cirrhosis and hepatitis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 241 ], [ 242, 311 ], [ 312, 377 ], [ 378, 459 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ VHSL Regular Season", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "ethers", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These compounds can be formed by alkoxy-mercuration between an alkene and an alcohol. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550faef", "qanta_id": 36252, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These compounds can be formed by alkoxy-mercuration between an alkene and an alcohol. Their sulfurous equivalents are known as sulfides, while cyclic ones are formed by reacting an alkene with a peroxy-acid and are known as epoxides. Another cyclic class is known as the crown type, and they are most often produced in an SN2 reaction between an alkoxide and an alkyl halide, known as the Williamson synthesis. For 10 points, name this class of compounds with an oxygen atom between two carbons, whose di-ethyl variety was commonly used as an anesthetic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 87, 236 ], [ 236, 414 ], [ 414, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Wuthering Heights}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A final event in this work involves one of the characters spotting his name and the date 1500 engraved above a door.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wuthering_Heights", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fb11", "qanta_id": 36286, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A final event in this work involves one of the characters spotting his name and the date 1500 engraved above a door. Another event involves the character, Hindley forcing his sister's love interest to work the fields after his father dies. This work begins \u2018en medias re' when Mr. Lockwood sees a ghost of a woman named Catherine in the middle of the night on his way to Thrushcross Grange. Following two generations of the Earnshaw and Linton families, for 10 points, identify this novel by Emily Bronte set in the title Yorkshire manor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 239 ], [ 240, 390 ], [ 391, 538 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Peter Paul {Rubens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man began working as a diplomat and painter for the Duke of Mantua in Italy in 1600, the beginning of a career in which he was knighted twice for his works for Charles I of England and Philip IV of Spain, though he also painted for the Medicis and Hapsburgs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_Paul_Rubens", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fb15", "qanta_id": 36290, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man began working as a diplomat and painter for the Duke of Mantua in Italy in 1600, the beginning of a career in which he was knighted twice for his works for Charles I of England and Philip IV of Spain, though he also painted for the Medicis and Hapsburgs. He benefited from the Twelve Years and was able to set up a successful studio in Antwerp where he famously taught Anthony van Dyck. His altarpieces include The Raising of the Cross and, appropriately enough, The Descent from the Cross, and he painted the recently rediscovered Massacre of the Innocents. For 10 points, identify this painter of Assumption of the Virgin Mary also famous for his portrayals of voluptuous nude figures.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 263 ], [ 264, 395 ], [ 396, 567 ], [ 568, 696 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Odin} or {Woden}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one text, this man is described as an exile from Troy, leading to Thor Heyerdahl's work \"The Search for\" this man. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odin", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fb2c", "qanta_id": 36313, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one text, this man is described as an exile from Troy, leading to Thor Heyerdahl's work \"The Search for\" this man. In Saxo Grammaticus's Gautrek's Saga, King Vikar draws the short straw and is sacrificed to this god for favorable winds. He can see all from his thrown of Hlidskjald, and two of his palaces are Gladsheim and Valaskjalf. Along with his brother Vili and Vi, he slaughtered Ymir and fashioned his body into the earth. For 10 points, name this \"all father,\" the husband of Frigg and master of the ravens Hugin and Munin, the head of the Norse pantheon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 119, 240 ], [ 241, 339 ], [ 340, 436 ], [ 436, 569 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Giuseppe {Garibaldi}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At the Battle of Sant'Antonio, he fought against Juan Manuel de las Rosas after having made a trek from Rio Grande do Sul Province with his wife.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Garibaldi", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fb37", "qanta_id": 36324, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the Battle of Sant'Antonio, he fought against Juan Manuel de las Rosas after having made a trek from Rio Grande do Sul Province with his wife. He defeated a French army at the Janiculum Hill although he was later made a member of the French National Assembly for his efforts in the Franco-Prussian War. Wounded and captured at Aspromonte after fighting the Austrians, he won the battles of Milazzo and Calatafimi, securing his control over Sicily before crossing the Strait of Messina and taking Naples. Fighting for Victor Emmanuel, he captured Naples with the help of his \"red shirts.\" For 10 points each, name this liberator of Italy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 305 ], [ 306, 506 ], [ 507, 590 ], [ 591, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Myanmar} [or {Burma}]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country is home to a city that was built by such kings as Anawratha and Kyanzittha.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Myanmar", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fb44", "qanta_id": 36337, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country is home to a city that was built by such kings as Anawratha and Kyanzittha. It owns such as islands as Ramree, Preparis, and Cheduba, and the city of Sagaing is near the point at which the Chindwin branches off from this country's longest river. Indented by the Gulf of Martaban, its Shan province is home to the Salween River, and the capital lies on the Sittang River and was renamed Naypyidaw after it was decided that the former capital, site of the Shwedagon Pagoda, was too susceptible to American naval invasion. For 10 points each, name this country, the site of cities such as Mandalay and Yangon, or Rangoon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 258 ], [ 259, 532 ], [ 533, 631 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Le {Corbusier} [accept Charles-Edouard {Jeanneret}-Gris]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man defined the three types of furniture to be \"type-needs,\" \"human-limb,\" and \"type-furniture\" in his book The Decorative Art of Today, and he designed a set of tubular steel chairs for the Maison la Roche.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Le_Corbusier", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fb4b", "qanta_id": 36344, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man defined the three types of furniture to be \"type-needs,\" \"human-limb,\" and \"type-furniture\" in his book The Decorative Art of Today, and he designed a set of tubular steel chairs for the Maison la Roche. He used the ideas of the Vitruvian man and the golden mean in his Modulor system, exemplified in the Villa Garche. Father Courtier sponsored his priory at La Tourette and his Notre Dame du Haut. The \"five points\" he outlined in Towards A New Architecture were put into practice in the piloti-supported Villa Savoye. For 10 points, name this modern architect, a Swiss/French proponent of the International School.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 213, 327 ], [ 328, 407 ], [ 408, 528 ], [ 529, 625 ] ], "tournament": "Chitin", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Reflection} [accept {Shading} and {Reflectance} before \"{Lambertian}\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One type of this can be approximated with a model that incorporates hardness and which is similar to the Oren-Nayer model, the Blinn model.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Reflection_(physics)", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fbf2", "qanta_id": 36511, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One type of this can be approximated with a model that incorporates hardness and which is similar to the Oren-Nayer model, the Blinn model. The Cook-Torrance model involves terms for surface roughness and geometric attenuation and implements a four dimensional model for it, the BRDF. Another model of this process employs a namesake interpolation and combines the constants ks, kd, and ka and is known as the Phong model. The ? Lambertian model for this does not change based on the position of the viewer and is used in modeling the diffuse form of this, the opposite of the specular type of it. The angle of this is equal to the angle of incidence, while at angles larger than the critical angle, the total internal type of this occurs. FTP, identify this phenomenon commonly produced by lakes and mirrors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 284 ], [ 285, 422 ], [ 423, 428 ], [ 429, 597 ], [ 598, 739 ], [ 740, 809 ] ], "tournament": "Gaddis I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Virginia {Woolf}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author created William Rodney, who is convinced to court Cassandra Otway by his fianc\u00e9e Katherine Hilbery in Night and Day, while Rhoda jumps to her death and Neville waits to hear his beloved's footsteps on the stairs in a novel about six friends connected through Percival.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Virginia_Woolf", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fc54", "qanta_id": 36609, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author created William Rodney, who is convinced to court Cassandra Otway by his fianc\u00e9e Katherine Hilbery in Night and Day, while Rhoda jumps to her death and Neville waits to hear his beloved's footsteps on the stairs in a novel about six friends connected through Percival. In another work, Sally Seton talks with Peter Walsh and the title character learns that Septimus Smith has committed suicide, while another of her novels ends when Lily Bristow completes her portrait of Mrs. Ramsey. FTP, name this author of The Waves, To the Lighthouse and Mrs. Dalloway.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 280 ], [ 281, 496 ], [ 497, 532 ], [ 533, 569 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Chinua {Achebe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He wrote about thieves who demand one hundred pounds from Jonathan, who earns a living giving bike rides, in his \"Civil Peace.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chinua_Achebe", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fc5f", "qanta_id": 36620, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote about thieves who demand one hundred pounds from Jonathan, who earns a living giving bike rides, in his \"Civil Peace.\" Another of his novels sees one character murdered by the secret police after a joke about minting new coins with the President's face is misinterpreted as a call for a beheading, and Ikem's death convinces Chris Oroki to flee the city of Bassa and Sam's dictatorship of Kangan. Another novel sees Clara have an abortion at Obi's insistence. FTP, identify this author of Anthills of the Savannah and No Longer at Ease who wrote about Ikemefuna's sacrifice by Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 405 ], [ 406, 468 ], [ 469, 615 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Shinto", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This religion's places of worship are reached by paths called sando and contain sacred ropes with hanging flax pendants and a gohei, or wand with hanging strips of paper.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shinto", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fc60", "qanta_id": 36621, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This religion's places of worship are reached by paths called sando and contain sacred ropes with hanging flax pendants and a gohei, or wand with hanging strips of paper. Its priests wear white socks and black sandals, and today its places of worship often contain fortune vending machines, whose bad fortunes are usually tied to a pine tree, and a sacred mirror to commemorate the end of a certain dance in this faith's lore. With deities such as the fox-loving Inari, the war god Hachiman, Uzume, Susano'o, and Amaterasu, this is, FTP, what native religion of Japan?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 426 ], [ 427, 568 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Zoroastrianism} (or {Zorastrianism}; or {Zarathustrism}; accept {Mazdaism} before the last word)", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Members of this religion follow a creed known as the fravarane and refer to their faith as the Daena.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fc78", "qanta_id": 36645, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Members of this religion follow a creed known as the fravarane and refer to their faith as the Daena. One branch of this religion worships the personified concept of space-time known as Zurvan, and its holy texts include Vendidad as well as the Yasna, a liturgical codex which contains the Gathas, its oldest known documents. Other figures in it include the six archangels known as the Amesha Spenta and the mediator figure Mithras. FTP, name this religion set forth in the Avesta and containing the evil Ahriman and the good Ahura Mazda.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 326 ], [ 327, 433 ], [ 434, 539 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Nigeria}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's Cross River state boasts the richest diversity of butterfly species in the world, while its Enugu state became the center of a breakaway region in 1967 led by Emeka Ojukwu.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nigeria", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fc81", "qanta_id": 36654, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's Cross River state boasts the richest diversity of butterfly species in the world, while its Enugu state became the center of a breakaway region in 1967 led by Emeka Ojukwu. This country's Kano and Kaduna states saw religious violence as Muslims tried to institute shari'a, but the most recent violence has centered on its Delta state on the Bight of Benin, where some foreign oil workers have been kidnapped. Africa's leading oil producer and most populous country, this is, FTP, what country whose capital moved in 1991 from Lagos to Abuja?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 423 ], [ 424, 556 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{quartz}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A cubic polymorph of this mineral, cristobalite, forms metastable spheres that, when hydrated, form opal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quartz", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fc87", "qanta_id": 36660, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A cubic polymorph of this mineral, cristobalite, forms metastable spheres that, when hydrated, form opal.\u00a0One stone made of this mineral and moganite is monoclinic and has a characteristic waxy luster and is called chalcedony. Another form of this mineral, citrine, is generated upon heating a stone with iron and aluminum impurities that give it a purple color, amethyst. FTP, identify this mineral commonly found along with gold, a silicon dioxide crystal defining Mohs hardness seven and known for its rose and milky varieties.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 226 ], [ 227, 372 ], [ 373, 530 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Robert {Frost}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about Job being sainted for emancipating God in his play A Masque of Reason.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fca0", "qanta_id": 36685, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about Job being sainted for emancipating God in his play A Masque of Reason. The narrator of one of his poems says he cannot \"rub the strangeness from [his] sight\" after \"looking through a pane of glass\" that he \"held against the world of hoary grass,\" and he began one poem \"the land was ours before we were the land's.\" He wrote a poem about a boy \"too far from town to learn baseball\" who becomes \"a swinger of birches,\" and he observes that \"he is all pine and I am apple orchard\" and \"good fences make good neighbors.\" FTP, identify this poet of \"After Apple-Picking,\" \"The Gift Outright,\" \"Mending Wall,\" and \"The Road Not Taken.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 339 ], [ 340, 541 ], [ 542, 654 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Nadine {Gordimer}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "von Leisdorf has a relationship with a grocer in this author's \"Towns and Country Lovers,\" collected in Soldier's Embrace.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fcc3", "qanta_id": 36720, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "von Leisdorf has a relationship with a grocer in this author's \"Towns and Country Lovers,\" collected in Soldier's Embrace. She also wrote about Jessica Stilwell, who shelters the affair between Gideon and Ann Davis in An Occasion for Loving. One work sees Bernard Chabalier's lover Rosemarie try to understand her father Lionel's communist activism, and the title character of another novel appropriates Bam's bakkie after helping the Smales family escape a revolution against apartheid. FTP, name this author of The Burger's Daughter and July's People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 241 ], [ 242, 487 ], [ 488, 553 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Lolita", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel's protagonist plays mental games based on the word \"Quine,\" which he finds in the book", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lolita", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fce0", "qanta_id": 36749, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel's protagonist plays mental games based on the word \"Quine,\" which he finds in the book Who' Who in the Spotlight. The main character's relationship with Rita parallels his earlier solicitation of the prostitute Monique, and he is angry to learn a defrocked Russian colonel, who is reduced to driving cabs has seduced his wife Valeria. After a trip to Shirley Holmes' Camp Q the protagonist of this novel stays at an inn called The Enchanted Hunters, while earlier Frederick Beagle Jr. runs over Charlotte while she is crossing the street to mail letters that would reveal the protagonist's interest in nymphets and Dolores Haze. For 10 points, name this novel about Humbert Humbert written by Vladimir Nabokov.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 124 ], [ 125, 345 ], [ 346, 639 ], [ 640, 721 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Les {Fleurs du Mal} [or The Flowers of Evil]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One part of this work describes the title location as \"the land of hot and languorous nights . . .", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Les_Fleurs_du_mal", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fce9", "qanta_id": 36758, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One part of this work describes the title location as \"the land of hot and languorous nights . . . where the kisses are like cascades!\" In addition to \"Lesbos\", another poem in this collection is addressed to \"mother of memories, mistress of mistresses\" and is titled \"The Balcony\". One poem describes what \"the men of a crew\" do \"to amuse themselves\", and another poem talks about a figure who \"like the stab of a knife / entered my plaintive heart.\" Containing poems such as \"The Albatross\" and \"The Vampyr\", this work is dedicated to Th\u00e9ophile Gautie, and includes the sections Wine, Death, and Spleen and Ideal. For 10 points, name this decadent poetry collection by Charles Baudelaire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 135 ], [ 136, 282 ], [ 283, 451 ], [ 452, 615 ], [ 616, 690 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Sikhism}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Heretical groups to break off from this religion include the Minas sect and the Udasi sect, and each sect disagrees over which biographies of this religion's founder, called Janamsakhis, are canonical.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fcee", "qanta_id": 36763, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Heretical groups to break off from this religion include the Minas sect and the Udasi sect, and each sect disagrees over which biographies of this religion's founder, called Janamsakhis, are canonical. Its followers wear the \"five K's,\" which include a metal bracelet and a comb. This religion's leaders included Tegh Bahadur, who was martyred, and Ram Das, who founded Amritsar, but Gobind Singh was its last guru and was succeeded by the Adi Granth. FTP, identify this religion of the Indian subcontinent that was founded by Guru Nanak.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 201 ], [ 202, 279 ], [ 280, 451 ], [ 452, 538 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Grant Wood", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This painter of Death on Ridge Road and Fall Plowing became involved with the New Objectivity movement during trips to Europe and rejected abstraction, and he produced a bird's-eye view of a New England town lit by an unnatural glow in his The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grant_Wood", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd00", "qanta_id": 36781, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This painter of Death on Ridge Road and Fall Plowing became involved with the New Objectivity movement during trips to Europe and rejected abstraction, and he produced a bird's-eye view of a New England town lit by an unnatural glow in his The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere. In his masterpiece, which features a distinctive arch-shaped window, a woman stands behind the shoulder of a man whose stitched overalls mirror the shape of his pitchfork. FTP, identify this Regionalist best known for a 1930 painting of his dentist and daughter in Iowa, American Gothic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 273 ], [ 274, 445 ], [ 446, 561 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Don Quixote} de La Mancha", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel opens with Petrarchan sonnets by Phoebus and Orlando.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd04", "qanta_id": 36785, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel opens with Petrarchan sonnets by Phoebus and Orlando. Its title character wants to retire with an innkeeper, in whose inn he had reunited Cardenio and Luscinda. That title character's epitaph is written by Sanson Carrasco, who worries about his dealings with the barber and the curate. It ends after Carrasco vanquishes the title character while dressed as the Knight of the White Moon, ending his attempts to do good to honor Dulcinea. Featuring Sancho Panza, this is, FTP, what novel about a bumbling knight by Miguel de Cervantes?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 64 ], [ 65, 171 ], [ 172, 296 ], [ 297, 447 ], [ 448, 544 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "George {Berkeley}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He praised tar-water in his last work, Siris, while he attacked Newton's theory of fluxions in The Analyst.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Berkeley", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd28", "qanta_id": 36821, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He praised tar-water in his last work, Siris, while he attacked Newton's theory of fluxions in The Analyst. He wrote a discussion between a figure who represents John Locke and another figure whose name translates to \"lover of spirit\" in one work, while in A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge features his famous axiom \"esse est percipi.\" FTP, name this Idealist philosopher who wrote Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonus and who is the namesake of a university town in California.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 357 ], [ 357, 507 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Stephen {Crane}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his works a saloon with an armored bar is shot up by Scratchy Wilson when Jack Potter returns from San Antonio with the title character.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stephen_Crane", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd2a", "qanta_id": 36823, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his works a saloon with an armored bar is shot up by Scratchy Wilson when Jack Potter returns from San Antonio with the title character. Another of his novels begins with a battle between the Rum Alley children and \"howling urchins\" from Devil's Row that book concludes when Jimmie's sister becomes a prostitute. In addition to \"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky\" and Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, his best known protagonist encounters \"The Tattered Man\" and Jim Conklin before becoming the flag bearer of the 304th after earlier retreating during the Battle of Chancellorsville. FTP, name this author, who wrote about Henry Fleming in The Red Badge of Courage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 322 ], [ 323, 586 ], [ 587, 668 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{United Kingdom} (or {England}; or Great {Britain}; or {Britain})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country fought against American troops at Raisin River and Lundy's Lane, and it agreed in the 1871 Washington Treaty to submit to arbitration regarding a ship built at Birkenhead in 1862.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "England", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd31", "qanta_id": 36830, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country fought against American troops at Raisin River and Lundy's Lane, and it agreed in the 1871 Washington Treaty to submit to arbitration regarding a ship built at Birkenhead in 1862. This country agreed with the US not to colonize the Mosquito Coast in a treaty later superseded by the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. This loser at Horseshoe Bend ended a boundary dispute in the Webster-Ashburton Treaty and agreed to demilitarize the Great Lakes in the Rush-Bagot Treaty. FTP, name this European country that signed Jay's Treaty and the Treaty of Ghent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 318 ], [ 319, 473 ], [ 474, 555 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Le {Corbusier} (or {Charles}-{Edouard Jeanneret})", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Initially a designer of watches, he trained in La-Chaux-de-Fonds under Charles L'Eplattenier.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Le_Corbusier", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd3c", "qanta_id": 36841, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Initially a designer of watches, he trained in La-Chaux-de-Fonds under Charles L'Eplattenier. The Modulor, his ideal system of measurement based on the Golden Section, was used in his design for the Unit\u00e9 d'Habitation in Marseille. Many of his buildings, such as the Carpenter Center at Harvard, had been constructed on pilotis, obvious external pillars that make a building appear to float. He compared the Acropolis to automobiles and ocean liners in his most famous work, in which he declared that houses must be \"machines for living.\" FTP, name this Swiss-French architect who wrote Towards a New Architecture and designed Notre-Dame du Haut and the Villa Savoye.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 231 ], [ 232, 391 ], [ 392, 537 ], [ 537, 667 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Count Leo Nikolayevich {Tolstoy}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about an unlucky youth with the moniker \"pot\" who is beaten by his mother in \"How Much Land Does a Man Need?\", and Nikita murders the illegitimate baby he fathered with his own stepdaughter in his play The Power of Darkness.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd71", "qanta_id": 36894, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about an unlucky youth with the moniker \"pot\" who is beaten by his mother in \"How Much Land Does a Man Need?\", and Nikita murders the illegitimate baby he fathered with his own stepdaughter in his play The Power of Darkness. The title character of his last novel is a Muslim Caucasian warrior who is betrayed by his own chieftain Shamil, and in another novel Pozdnyshev murders his wife after her affair with a violinist. Along with Hadji Murad and The Kreutzer Sonata, he wrote about and a judge, who befriends Gerasim while slowly dying after bruising his side. For 10 points, name this author who wrote about Pierre Bezukhov and Natasha Rostova in War and Peace.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 242 ], [ 243, 439 ], [ 440, 581 ], [ 582, 683 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "St. {Augustine} of Hippo (accept {Aurelius Augustinus})", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He talked about the time he stole a load of pears to feed some pigs, but more famously supported infant baptism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Augustine_of_Hippo", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd78", "qanta_id": 36901, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He talked about the time he stole a load of pears to feed some pigs, but more famously supported infant baptism. He believed that lust existed in thought and not action, and wrote \"another's lust cannot pollute thee\" to the virgins who were raped during the sack of Rome by the Visigoths in 410, a tragedy that prompted him to write about the separation of heavenly and temporal affairs in City of God. A proponent of original sin, he discussed his sinful youth and conversion to Christianity in Confessions. FTP, name this Christian thinker who was bishop of Hippo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 402 ], [ 403, 508 ], [ 509, 566 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Tang} Dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This dynasty sheltered Pirooz, the heir of the last Sassanid Emperor, and was later defeated by Ziyad ibn Salih at the Battle of Talas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tang_dynasty", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd79", "qanta_id": 36902, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This dynasty sheltered Pirooz, the heir of the last Sassanid Emperor, and was later defeated by Ziyad ibn Salih at the Battle of Talas. It was interrupted by the rise of Gaozong's consort, Wu Zetian, and again during the reign of Xuanzong after the promotion of Yang Guozhong inspired an obese Sogdian to sack Luoyang and set up the Yan Dynasty in Chang'an. Known for the poetry of Li Bai and Du Fu as well as the An Lushan Rebellion, this is, FTP, what Chinese dynasty of the seventh-through-tenth centuries that eclipsed the Han and Sui?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 357 ], [ 358, 539 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Wallace {Stevens}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his poems, the persona mentions a woman who \"sang beyond the genius of the sea,\" and asks Ramon Fernandez about the lights on fishing boats.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wallace_Stevens", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd85", "qanta_id": 36914, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his poems, the persona mentions a woman who \"sang beyond the genius of the sea,\" and asks Ramon Fernandez about the lights on fishing boats.\u00a0 He begins another poem, one in which he observes the burning of \"a furious star\" in the west, a star \"for fiery boys... and for sweet-smelling virgins close to them. by addressing the \"regina of the clouds.\"\u00a0 FTP, identify this author of \"The Idea of Order at Key West,\" \"Le Monocle de Mon Oncle,\" and \"The Emperor of Ice Cream.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 152, 317 ], [ 318, 361 ], [ 361, 481 ] ], "tournament": "HFT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Henry James} [prompt on James]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He wrote about Rowland Mallet, who meets an artist enamored with Christina Light, in the novel Roderick Hudson, and Nanda Brookenham reminds Mr. Langdon of former lover Lady Julia in this author's The Awkward Age.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_James", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd98", "qanta_id": 36933, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote about Rowland Mallet, who meets an artist enamored with Christina Light, in the novel Roderick Hudson, and Nanda Brookenham reminds Mr. Langdon of former lover Lady Julia in this author's The Awkward Age. In another novel, Winterbourne's lover dies after contracting malaria during a nighttime visit to the Coliseum, and a governess thinks she sees Miss Jessel and Peter Quint's ghosts in another of his works. For 10 points, name this creator of Isabel Archer who wrote The Turn of the Screw and The Portrait of a Lady.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 214, 419 ], [ 420, 529 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Thorstein {Veblen}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker argued that scientific advances are caused by the human instinct of idle curiosity, and contrasted the instinct of workmanship with the instinct of predation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thorstein_Veblen", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fd9a", "qanta_id": 36935, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker argued that scientific advances are caused by the human instinct of idle curiosity, and contrasted the instinct of workmanship with the instinct of predation. This economist wrote that businessmen deliberately sabotage production in order to increase prices artificially in The Theory of Business Enterprise. In another work, he argued that the invention of ownership caused people to demonstrate their status through pecunairy emulation and conspicuous consumption. For 10 points, name this economist who wrote The Theory of the Leisure Class.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 321 ], [ 322, 479 ], [ 480, 557 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{electrons}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These particles were detected in a Faraday box after a nickel target was rotated, which allowed for the calculation of lattice spacing in the Davisson-Germer experiment; previously, they had been discovered in cathode rays.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electron", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fda1", "qanta_id": 36942, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These particles were detected in a Faraday box after a nickel target was rotated, which allowed for the calculation of lattice spacing in the Davisson-Germer experiment; previously, they had been discovered in cathode rays. They were the first particles to be hypothesized to exhibit spin. They were also shown to be the particles involved in carrying current in metals. For 10 points, identify these particles which orbit the nucleus of an atom and have a negative charge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 223 ], [ 224, 289 ], [ 290, 370 ], [ 371, 473 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Sigmund {Freud}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man described a middle-class girl's wish to marry a prince as unlikely in one work critical of religion; in another, he claims the title figure was a murdered relative of Akhenaten.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sigmund_Freud", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fdad", "qanta_id": 36954, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man described a middle-class girl's wish to marry a prince as unlikely in one work critical of religion; in another, he claims the title figure was a murdered relative of Akhenaten. In addition to The Future of an Illusion and Moses and Monotheism, he and Joseph Breuer described Bertha Pappenheim, who he called [*] Anna O, in \"Studies on Hysteria,\" and in another work he described manifest and latent content within the title occurrences and introduced the Oedipus complex. For 10 points, name this man who wrote The Interpretation of Dreams and divided the psyche into the Id, Ego, and Superego.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 186 ], [ 187, 481 ], [ 482, 604 ] ], "tournament": "GDS Ben Cooper Memorial", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He laid the foundation for a later work on fuzzy logic by supposing that a probability represents a truth-value between zero and one in his Treatise on Probability, though Milton Friedman preferred his A Tract on Monetary Reform, in which he wrote that \"in the long run we are all dead.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fdb6", "qanta_id": 36963, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He laid the foundation for a later work on fuzzy logic by supposing that a probability represents a truth-value between zero and one in his Treatise on Probability, though Milton Friedman preferred his A Tract on Monetary Reform, in which he wrote that \"in the long run we are all dead.\" He cast the Treaty of Versailles as \"Carthaginian\" in The Economic Consequences of the Peace. For 10 points, name this author of The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, a namesake of a mainstream school of economics concerned with aggregate demand.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 287 ], [ 288, 381 ], [ 382, 551 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "George {Berkeley}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man defended his Tory political views in his Passive Obedience, and he also wrote Advice to the Tories", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Berkeley", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fdbe", "qanta_id": 36971, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man defended his Tory political views in his Passive Obedience, and he also wrote Advice to the Tories Who Have Taken Oaths. He attacked Deism in Alciphron; or, The Minute Philosopher, advocated drinking pine tar in Siris, and believed that everything except the spiritual exists only if it can be perceived. This author of An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision explained his views in Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonus. For 10 points, name this Irish bishop who wrote the Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 129 ], [ 130, 313 ], [ 314, 435 ], [ 436, 542 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The colonizers of this nation instituted a welfare program called the Ethical Policy, and the Padri War was fought in what is now this country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fde0", "qanta_id": 37005, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The colonizers of this nation instituted a welfare program called the Ethical Policy, and the Padri War was fought in what is now this country. Budi Utomo was this country's first independence movement, and the non-aligned movement was formed here at the 1955 Bandbung Conference. The Christopher Koch novel The Year of Living Dangerously follows the overthrow of this nation's President Sukarno in 1965, after which it was led by Suharto. For 10 points, name this archipelagic nation, home to the world's largest Muslim population.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 280 ], [ 281, 439 ], [ 440, 532 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Nigeria}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A poet from this country penned the \"Elegy for Alto\" and died fighting against its government in 1967.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nigeria", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fde7", "qanta_id": 37012, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A poet from this country penned the \"Elegy for Alto\" and died fighting against its government in 1967. Another author from here wrote a novel in \"Rotten English\" titled Sozaboy; those works were penned by Christopher Okigbo and Ken Saro-Wiwa. The spirit-child Azaro is the protagonist of The Famished Road, a work by an author from this country named Ben Okri. Another of its writers penned Death and the King's Horseman and The Lion and the Jewel. For 10 points, name this home country of Wole Soyinka, whose literature often addresses the Biafran War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 242 ], [ 243, 360 ], [ 361, 448 ], [ 449, 553 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Jainism} [or {Jain dharma}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One scholar of this faith wrote the commentaries called the Naryuktis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fdfb", "qanta_id": 37032, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One scholar of this faith wrote the commentaries called the Naryuktis. Their claim over mount Shatrunjaya was protected by a decree of Jahangir. This faith believes that the earth has different kalpas, or time cycles, and this faith's teachings come from \"fordmakers\" called the twenty-four tirthankaras. Practicing \"ahimsa\" and divided into two major sects based on whether nudity is required, for 10 points, name this religion that includes the Svetambaras and Digambaras and was founded by Mahavira on principles of nonviolence.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 144 ], [ 145, 304 ], [ 305, 531 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The Importance of Being {Earnest}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this play pretends to break off a fictional relationship with someone in her diary, and that character's governess is the author of several romance novels.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe12", "qanta_id": 37055, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this play pretends to break off a fictional relationship with someone in her diary, and that character's governess is the author of several romance novels. Cecily Cardew and Gwendolyn Fairfax are the love interests of the two protagonists who later turn out to be brothers. Confusion ensues when both men take up the practice of \"bunburying.\" For 10 points name this play in which both Algernon Moncreif and Jack Worthing assume the title name, a work of Oscar Wilde.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 290 ], [ 291, 359 ], [ 360, 484 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Ireland}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This polity was unified when the Tara Confederation won the Battle of Clontarf.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ireland", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe19", "qanta_id": 37062, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This polity was unified when the Tara Confederation won the Battle of Clontarf. In the seventeenth century, it was the site of the Battle of Drogheda (DROH-duh) and the Battle of the Boyne. Its later leaders included Daniel O'Connell and Charles Parnell, and it finally gained self-government after the passage of the Home Rule Act. The site of the Ulster Rebellion, this country is home to the political parties Fianna Fail and Sinn Fein. For 10 points, name this country which suffered a terrible potato famine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 189 ], [ 190, 332 ], [ 333, 439 ], [ 440, 513 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Martin {Heidegger}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man argued that creation was a special type of participating in society in \"On the Origins of the Work of Art,\" found in Poetry, Language, and Thought.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Heidegger", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe1a", "qanta_id": 37063, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man argued that creation was a special type of participating in society in \"On the Origins of the Work of Art,\" found in Poetry, Language, and Thought. Like Max Weber, he gave a noted address at Freiburg, though his was called \"What is Metaphysics?\" The most famous work of this teacher of Hannah Arendt argued that the three fundamental human features are factuality, existentiality, and fallenness. The author who articulated his idea of sein and dasein, for 10 points, name this Nazi- sympathizing philosopher who wrote Being and Time.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 254 ], [ 255, 405 ], [ 406, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Gettysburg}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first fighting in this battle broke out when men in Henry Heth's division encountered William Gamble's brigade along Chambersburg Pike.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Gettysburg", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe1d", "qanta_id": 37066, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first fighting in this battle broke out when men in Henry Heth's division encountered William Gamble's brigade along Chambersburg Pike. Gamble was in Buford's division of dismounted cavalry who secured high ground at Seminary Ridge. The second day of this battle saw the bayonet charge of Chamberlain's Twentieth Maine at Little Round Top, and the third day saw the disastrous Pickett's charge. For 10 points name this Pennsylvania Civil War battle, often considered the turning point in the war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 236 ], [ 237, 398 ], [ 399, 500 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "hemoglobin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Max Perutz showed that this molecule is formed of four polypeptide chains that rearrange during its most important function.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hemoglobin", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe2e", "qanta_id": 37083, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Max Perutz showed that this molecule is formed of four polypeptide chains that rearrange during its most important function. The recessive disease Thalassemia results in a defective version of the alpha or beta version of this molecule. The Bohr effect deals with the results of CO-2 levels on this protein, and a point mutation from glutamate to valine on this protein's beta chain causes sickle cell anemia. For 10 points, name this oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 236 ], [ 237, 409 ], [ 410, 478 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "War of the {Spanish Succession}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of the major consequences of this war was the transfer of the asiento slave-trading privilege.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe2f", "qanta_id": 37084, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the major consequences of this war was the transfer of the asiento slave-trading privilege. The treaties of Baden and Rastatt were signed in addition to the major treaty that ended it, and a major battle in it saw Tallard's forces defeated by Eugene of Savoy and Marlborough at Blenheim. The American phase of this war was called Queen Anne's War, and it ended with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. For 10 points, name this conflict which was sparked by Louis XIV's attempts to gain power from the heir to Carlos II in a neighboring country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 294 ], [ 295, 403 ], [ 404, 546 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Theseus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Cimon received a command to retrieve this man's bones from Scyros, where he fled during an uprising led by Menestheus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theseus", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe37", "qanta_id": 37092, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Cimon received a command to retrieve this man's bones from Scyros, where he fled during an uprising led by Menestheus. A man who met him trying to steal his cattle, Pirithous, aided him in stealing Helen, and they were both imprisoned in Hades for trying to capture Persephone. He killed a man who tore people apart by tying them to pine trees and a man who cut or stretched people to fit his bed. He also received twine from Ariadne so he would not get lost in the labyrinth. For 10 points, name this Athenian king who killed Sinis, Procrustes, and the Minotaur.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 277 ], [ 278, 397 ], [ 398, 476 ], [ 477, 563 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Yasunari {Kawabata} [accept in reverse order]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's novels, the successful writer Toshio Oki meets his old flame and inspiration Otoko Ueno.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe45", "qanta_id": 37106, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's novels, the successful writer Toshio Oki meets his old flame and inspiration Otoko Ueno. Another of his novels is narrated by Uragami and features a five-month contest between Shusai and Otake. The aging Shingo worries about Kikuku's abortion in one novel, and he wrote of the middle aged Shimamura's visits to the title hot springs locale to have an affair with a geisha. For 10 points name this Japanese author of Beauty and Sadness, The Master of Go, The Sound of the Mountain and Snow Country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 214 ], [ 215, 393 ], [ 394, 518 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "A {Doll's House} [or {Et dukkehjem}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work reveals that he has \"tuberculosis of the spine\" and promises to send a card with a black cross on it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "A_Doll's_House", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe57", "qanta_id": 37124, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work reveals that he has \"tuberculosis of the spine\" and promises to send a card with a black cross on it. Doctor Rank falls in love with the main character, who, in order to finance a trip to Italy, forged her father's signature to borrow money from a man embittered by the loss of Christine Linde. That man, Nils Krogstad, blackmails the title character and is later appeased by Torvald, who apologizes for his treatment of his wife at the end of this play. Nora Helmer walks out at the end of, for 10 points, what play by Henrik Ibsen?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 321 ], [ 322, 481 ], [ 482, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Bertrand Arthur William {Russell}, 3rd Earl Russell", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man discusses the violation of the law of the excluded middle in the theories of Meinong and Frege in his \"On Denoting.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe61", "qanta_id": 37134, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man discusses the violation of the law of the excluded middle in the theories of Meinong and Frege in his \"On Denoting.\" He recanted his earlier belief that one can arrive at a single elementary fact, a belief he explicated in \"The Philosophy of Logical Atomism.\" In one essay, he answers the title religious inquiry by stating that it \"has been and still is the principal enemy of moral progress in the world.\" Author of A History of Western Philosophy and \"Why I Am Not a Christian,\" for 10 points, name this co-author of Principia Mathematica with Alfred Whitehead.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 268 ], [ 269, 416 ], [ 417, 573 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Arnold Schoenberg", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his works has a men's chorus sing the Sh'ma Yisroel, while another of his works used violin, cello, clarinet, flute, piano, and a singer using Sprechstimme.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnold_Schoenberg", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe6b", "qanta_id": 37144, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his works has a men's chorus sing the Sh'ma Yisroel, while another of his works used violin, cello, clarinet, flute, piano, and a singer using Sprechstimme. This composer of A Survivor from Warsaw and the Gurrelieder wrote a string sextet inspired by a poem about a woman whose lover is not the father of her child, written by Dehmel. This teacher of Alban Berg composed works such as Pierrot Lunaire and Transfigured Night. For 10 points, identify this composer who developed serialism and atonality in such works as Moses and Aron and devised the twelve-tone technique.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 341 ], [ 342, 431 ], [ 432, 578 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Langston {Hughes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He was accused of anti-Semitism for a poetry collection which was titled after pawnbrokers, Fine Clothes to the Jew.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe86", "qanta_id": 37171, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was accused of anti-Semitism for a poetry collection which was titled after pawnbrokers, Fine Clothes to the Jew. One poem describes the title music as a \"raggy tune\" and a \"drowsy syncopated tune\" and in another poem the narrator's \"soul has grown deep\" after he \"bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young.\" In perhaps his most famous poem he asks if the title object \"dries up, like a raisin in the sun.\" For 10 points name this poet who asked what happened to a \"Dream Deferred,\" a leader of the Harlem Renaissance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 315 ], [ 316, 413 ], [ 414, 525 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Ottoman} Empire [prompt on {Turks} or word forms]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The subject of the Jelali Revolts, this empire used the currency Akce, and its late periods include the Tulip era and Tanzimat.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ottoman_Empire", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe97", "qanta_id": 37188, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The subject of the Jelali Revolts, this empire used the currency Akce, and its late periods include the Tulip era and Tanzimat. Its early capitals included Sogut, Bursa and Edirne, and this entity was victorious at the battles of Chaldiran, Nicopolis and Varna, while its military units included Sipahi cavalry and a group massacred in the Auspicious Incident, the Janissaries. Governed by Grand Viziers and founded by Osman, for 10 points, name this empire, whose rulers included Mehmed II and Suleiman the Magnificent, which ruled from modern-day Turkey.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 377 ], [ 378, 556 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Hay Wain}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work of this name depicts a skull, dog and the Wayfarer while another part of the same work shows the expulsions from Heaven and the Garden of Eden.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Hay_Wain", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fe9f", "qanta_id": 37196, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work of this name depicts a skull, dog and the Wayfarer while another part of the same work shows the expulsions from Heaven and the Garden of Eden. Another work of this name received a gold medal from Charles X upon its entry into the Paris Salon and depicts Willy Lott's Cottage near Flatford Mill. A farmer guides an ox-driven wagon across the River Stour during harvest in that English landscape. For 10 points, provide this title which identifies both a Hieronymus Bosch work and a later painting by John Constable.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 304 ], [ 305, 404 ], [ 405, 524 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Henry's} Law", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This law becomes inapplicable when excess chemical potential of solute is relatively constant, and effects such as H-bond percolation are negligible.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry's_law", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fea8", "qanta_id": 37205, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This law becomes inapplicable when excess chemical potential of solute is relatively constant, and effects such as H-bond percolation are negligible. The temperature variance of its namesake constant can be found using the Van't Hoff-Arrhenius relation. This law's namesake \"region\" is located at the bottom left of an activity-composition diagram, and it works best with low solute concentration and low partial pressures. For 10 points, name this law relating the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid to the partial pressure of the gas above that liquid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 253 ], [ 254, 423 ], [ 424, 555 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Zoroastrianism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One cultic fire for this faith was called Farnbag and was transported to Kabulistan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550feaa", "qanta_id": 37207, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One cultic fire for this faith was called Farnbag and was transported to Kabulistan. The spherical primal man in this faith is Gayomart, and one heresy in this faith believes that time created the two major gods and is called Zurvanism. The founder of this faith wrote the hymns the Gathas, and the Parsi followers of this religion place their dead on dakhmas, or towers of silence, instead of using burial or cremation. With the holy text called the Avesta, for 10 points, name this Persian religion focusing on the evil Ahriman and his counterpart Ahura Mazda.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 236 ], [ 237, 420 ], [ 421, 562 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Chinua {Achebe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his novels, Captain Winterbottom's imprisonment of the priest Ezeulu causes widespread famine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chinua_Achebe", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fecc", "qanta_id": 37241, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his novels, Captain Winterbottom's imprisonment of the priest Ezeulu causes widespread famine. In another of his novels, Clara Okeke falls in love with the protagonist, Michael Obiajulu, after he returns from an English education sponsored by the Umofia Progressive Union. The town of Umofia is also the setting of his most famous work, in which the wrestler Okonkwo realizes he cannot fight European encroachment. For 10 points, name this author of Arrow of God, No Longer at Ease, and Things Fall Apart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 282 ], [ 283, 424 ], [ 425, 473 ], [ 474, 515 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "determinant", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Binet-Cauchy multiplication theorem applies to these functions, and the Sylvester theorem about this function was published without a proof.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Determinant", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fed7", "qanta_id": 37252, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Binet-Cauchy multiplication theorem applies to these functions, and the Sylvester theorem about this function was published without a proof. Successive differentiation is used to determine linear independence in the Wronskian type of this function. It can also be broken down to smaller cases by finding the cofactors and related minors. Cramer's rule uses ratios of these functions to solve linear equations, and if it is equal to zero, a matrix is called \"singular.\" For 10 points, identify this quantity, which for a 2 by 2 matrix is given by ad minus bc.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 252 ], [ 253, 341 ], [ 342, 472 ], [ 473, 562 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Leviathan}, or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first section of this work is a follow-up to its author's De Cive, and the fourth and final section of this work bashes clergymen who mix Aristotle with scripture as a \"confederacy of deceivers\" who would usher in the \"Kingdom of Darkness.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fedb", "qanta_id": 37256, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first section of this work is a follow-up to its author's De Cive, and the fourth and final section of this work bashes clergymen who mix Aristotle with scripture as a \"confederacy of deceivers\" who would usher in the \"Kingdom of Darkness.\" Also containing sections \"Of Man\" and \"Of a Christian Common-Wealth,\" it concludes that an absolute monarchy is the best form of government. For 10 points, name this tome which labels human existence in the state of war \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short,\" written by Thomas Hobbes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 244 ], [ 245, 385 ], [ 386, 535 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{dragons}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of these named Kur may have carried off the goddess Ereshkigal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dragon", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fef6", "qanta_id": 37283, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these named Kur may have carried off the goddess Ereshkigal. In China, they are called lung and represent yang, and Pliny the Elder claimed that Indian elephants were at war with these. One named Fafnir was slewn by Sigurd, and Cadmus slew one and then sowed its teeth to sprout an army. The one protecting the apples of the Hesperides is named Ladon, while the patron saint of England slew one, as did Bel. For 10 points, name these mythological reptiles killed by George that sometimes breathe fire and protect hordes of gold.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 192 ], [ 193, 294 ], [ 295, 414 ], [ 415, 535 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Sergei {Prokofiev}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his incidental scores for a play includes the movements \"Roma militaria\" and \"The Eclipse of Cleopatra.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff07", "qanta_id": 37300, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his incidental scores for a play includes the movements \"Roma militaria\" and \"The Eclipse of Cleopatra.\" That work is his Egyptian Nights, and his first symphony in D major uses a Gavotte movement and is known as the Classical symphony. This composer also depicted \"Capulets and Montagues\" in his Romeo and Juliet. The composer of the Scythian Suite, for 10 points, name this composer of the \"Lieutenant Kije Suite\" and a work where the oboe portrays a duck, \"Peter and the Wolf.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 110, 243 ], [ 244, 321 ], [ 322, 487 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Garden of Earthly Delights", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the lower right of this painting, a group of people, pierced by swords, huddle next to a large rabbit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff08", "qanta_id": 37301, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the lower right of this painting, a group of people, pierced by swords, huddle next to a large rabbit. The upper right shows a pair of large ears pierced by an arrow under a burning landscape. Its left is far more peaceful, depicting Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. When this work is closed, the exterior panels show the world on the third day of creation, but it may be more striking for the giant strawberries and bird-headed monster eating men in the \"hell\" panel. For 10 points, name this triptych by Hieronymus Bosch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 195 ], [ 196, 272 ], [ 273, 474 ], [ 475, 529 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "\u201cThe {Love Song} of {J. Alfred Prufrock\u201d}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The narrator of this poem wonders if he will \"Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis\" and he wonders whether it would be worthwhile to say \"I am Lazarus, come from the dead.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Love_Song_of_J._Alfred_Prufrock", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff0a", "qanta_id": 37303, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The narrator of this poem wonders if he will \"Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis\" and he wonders whether it would be worthwhile to say \"I am Lazarus, come from the dead.\" The narrator claims he \"should have been a pair of ragged claws\" and that he has measured out his \"life with coffee spoons,\" and this poem opens with an invitation to \"go through half deserted streets.\" For 10 points, name this poem in which \"the women come and go, speaking of Michelangelo,\" a work of T.S. Eliot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 390 ], [ 391, 502 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Aristophanes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's lost plays include The Frying-Pan Men and The Storks.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristophanes", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff14", "qanta_id": 37313, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's lost plays include The Frying-Pan Men and The Storks. In one of his extant plays, Trygaeus flies to Mount Olympus on a dung beetles to liberate the title figure. In addition to Peace, he wrote of the farmer Dicaeopolis, who opens a market for Athens's enemies to the chagrin of the title charcoal burners, Acharnians. He also wrote about the burning of Sophocles's school, the Thinkery, and the building of a city in the clouds called Cloudcuckooland. For 10 points name this ancient Greek Old Comedy playwright of The Clouds and The Birds.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 64 ], [ 65, 172 ], [ 173, 328 ], [ 329, 462 ], [ 463, 551 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Immanuel {Kant}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man cites overhanging cliffs and thunder clouds as examples of how nature is \"dynamically sublime,\" arguing that \"organized beings\" are \"natural ends\" in one work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff19", "qanta_id": 37318, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man cites overhanging cliffs and thunder clouds as examples of how nature is \"dynamically sublime,\" arguing that \"organized beings\" are \"natural ends\" in one work. In addition to \"On the Use of Teleological Principles in Philosophy\", he introduced the notion of a maxim to supplement his idea of a priori basis for morality in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. This man also discussed the agreeable and the beautiful in The Critique of Judgment. For 10 points, name this philosopher who introduced the \"categorical imperative\" and authored The Critique of Pure Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 372 ], [ 373, 457 ], [ 458, 580 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "specific {heat} capacity", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Unlike the Einstein model, the Debye model properly models how this quantity changes for a substance as temperature decreases, though for higher temperatures it may be derived from a crystal's lattice vibrations through the Law of Dulong and Petit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heat_capacity", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff1c", "qanta_id": 37321, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Unlike the Einstein model, the Debye model properly models how this quantity changes for a substance as temperature decreases, though for higher temperatures it may be derived from a crystal's lattice vibrations through the Law of Dulong and Petit. For a monatomic ideal gas, it is three halves times the ideal gas constant, while that factor is seven-halves for a diatomic ideal gas. For 10 points, identify this quantity, the amount of energy necessary to increase the temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by a unit amount.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 248 ], [ 249, 384 ], [ 385, 534 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Publius Aelius {Hadrianus}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Early in his reign, this man's advisor Attiantus persuaded him to execute Lusius Quietus, and he later created a parliament known as the Panhellenion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hadrian", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff1f", "qanta_id": 37324, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Early in his reign, this man's advisor Attiantus persuaded him to execute Lusius Quietus, and he later created a parliament known as the Panhellenion. The builder of a villa at Tibur, this man had the architect Apollodorus of Damascus put to death for describing his blueprints as \"pumpkins.\" This man married Vibia Sabina at the behest of Pompeia Plotina, and he later faced the rebellion of Simon bar Kokhba in Judaea. For 10 points, name this predecessor of Antoninus Pius and successor to Trajan, a Roman Emperor for whom a namesake British wall was built.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 291 ], [ 291, 420 ], [ 421, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ 4Q 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Mali} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The founder of this empire was born to a hunchbacked woman and refused to walk for the first seven years of his life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mali_Empire", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff3a", "qanta_id": 37351, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The founder of this empire was born to a hunchbacked woman and refused to walk for the first seven years of his life. That man established this empire after victory over Sumanguru Kante at the Battle of Kirina, and was named Sundiata Keita. The most famous leader of this empire devalued gold on his way to perform the Hajj. For 10 points, name this African empire led by Mansa Musa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 240 ], [ 241, 324 ], [ 325, 383 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Somalia}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The ancient Kingdom of Punt is thought to have been in this country, and before the Soviet Union ended its alliance with this country during its conflict with Ethiopia, the Ogaden War, it had the largest military in Africa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Somalia", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff4b", "qanta_id": 37368, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The ancient Kingdom of Punt is thought to have been in this country, and before the Soviet Union ended its alliance with this country during its conflict with Ethiopia, the Ogaden War, it had the largest military in Africa. Operation Restore Hope was a humanitarian mission in this country during the rule of General Mohamed Farrah, and the Transitional Federal Government was given control of this country in 2003. This country has been in a civil war since 1991, and a battle fought in its capital is the subject of the book Black Hawk Down. For 10 points, name this African nation where Richard Phillips was taken hostage, infamous for piracy on its coast, with capital at Mogadishu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 223 ], [ 224, 415 ], [ 416, 543 ], [ 544, 686 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Constantine} I [or {Constantine} the {Great}; or {Flavius Valerius Constantinus}; prompt on", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This emperor disbanded the Praetorian Guard and replaced them with the Palatini Comitenses.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantine_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff55", "qanta_id": 37378, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This emperor disbanded the Praetorian Guard and replaced them with the Palatini Comitenses. Before one decisive battle against Maxentius, this emperor saw a chi rho in the sky with the inscription \"In this sign, you will conquer.\" After defeating his rival Licinius, this emperor made Byzantium his capital and renamed it after himself. This emperor convoked the (*) Council of Nicea and promulgated the Edict of Milan to increase religious toleration. For 10 points, name this fourth century emperor who ended the persecution of Christians.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 198 ], [ 198, 230 ], [ 231, 336 ], [ 337, 452 ], [ 453, 541 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 15", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Constantine I} [or {Constantine} the {Great}; or {Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus}; prompt", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A decree that this leader co-promulgated with Licinius granted toleration in his lands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantine_the_Great", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff5c", "qanta_id": 37385, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A decree that this leader co-promulgated with Licinius granted toleration in his lands. He besieged the city of Marseille and may have forced its commander to commit suicide. That commander, Maximian, had a son who also fought against this man in a battle wherein that son, (*) Maxentius, died by drowning. This man had a vision of a cross in the sky on which was written, \"In this sign you will conquer,\" before that battle at Milvian Bridge. For 10 points, name this fourth century Roman emperor who was the first Christian emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 174 ], [ 175, 277 ], [ 278, 306 ], [ 307, 443 ], [ 444, 534 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Tournament 10", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "electronegativity", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Sanderson defined it as the ratio of atomic number to atomic volume, divided by the expected ratio as extrapolated from noble gas data.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electronegativity", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff6d", "qanta_id": 37402, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Sanderson defined it as the ratio of atomic number to atomic volume, divided by the expected ratio as extrapolated from noble gas data. Another measure of it is based on the square root of differences in ionic resonance energy between two elements, while Mulliken defines it as the average of first ionization energy and electron affinity. For 10 points, name this tendency of an atom to attract electrons of other atoms to itself, for which fluorine has a value of 4.0 according to the Pauling scale.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 339 ], [ 340, 501 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Eero Saarinen", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One design by this architect consists of four pavilions linked by sky-bridges and resembles a mirror, Bell Labs Holmsdel Complex, and a reinforced concrete arch supports a timber roof in his building nicknamed \"the Whale,\" Ingalls Rink.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eero_Saarinen", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff76", "qanta_id": 37411, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One design by this architect consists of four pavilions linked by sky-bridges and resembles a mirror, Bell Labs Holmsdel Complex, and a reinforced concrete arch supports a timber roof in his building nicknamed \"the Whale,\" Ingalls Rink. In addition to building the Morse College and Ezra Stiles College at Yale, this architect built the Kresge Auditorium, a thin-shell concrete building, for MIT. One of his better-known designs has a stainless steel skin and frames the Old Courthouse in St. Louis. For 10 points, name this Finnish architect who built the Dulles main terminal, the TWA Terminal, and the Gateway Arch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 236 ], [ 237, 396 ], [ 397, 499 ], [ 500, 618 ] ], "tournament": "TJ NAREN", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Eero Saarinen", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Many of this man's works were produced by family friends Hans and Florence Knoll, including one with a white frame and red cushion, the iconic Tulip chair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eero_Saarinen", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff7b", "qanta_id": 37416, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Many of this man's works were produced by family friends Hans and Florence Knoll, including one with a white frame and red cushion, the iconic Tulip chair. Collaborating with the president of the Cranbrook Academy of Art, he designed the Kleinhans Music Hall in Buffalo, New York. The roof of another of his buildings has 1/8th of a sphere, and serves as a concert hall in MIT. His other works include the General Motors Technical Center, the TWA flight center in New York, and Dulles International Airport Terminal near Washington, D.C. For 10 points, name this architect who designed the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, a man of Finnish descent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 280 ], [ 281, 377 ], [ 378, 537 ], [ 538, 652 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Fibonacci} numbers or sequence", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Zeckendorf representation describes integers as the sum of these, and they can be found by Binet's formula. \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fibonacci_number", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff7c", "qanta_id": 37417, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Zeckendorf representation describes integers as the sum of these, and they can be found by Binet's formula. \"z over the quantity 1 minus z minus z squared\" is their generating function, and they are a case of the Lucas sequence. Euclid's algorithm is slowest for these since their ratio is given by a continued fraction with all 1's, which converges to the golden ratio at infinity. They give the number of ways to tile a 2 by n strip and model reproducing rabbits. For 10 points, name these numbers equal to the sum of the two previous ones, beginning 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, etc.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 109, 228 ], [ 229, 382 ], [ 383, 465 ], [ 466, 587 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Voltaire} [or Francois-Marie {Arouet} de {Voltaire}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his plays, Polyphonte is a tyrant who wishes to marry the title widow of Cresphontes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Voltaire", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ff81", "qanta_id": 37422, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his plays, Polyphonte is a tyrant who wishes to marry the title widow of Cresphontes. In addition to Merope, this man created Cador, who helps queen Astarte of Babylon escape with her lover, the Prime Minister. In another of his works, Paquette gives a venereal disease to the teacher of a man who is separated from his servant Cacambo after being expelled from Thunder ten Tronck. For 10 points, name this creator of Zadig as well as a novel about Dr. Pangloss entitled Candide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 220 ], [ 221, 391 ], [ 392, 489 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Arnold Schoenberg", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He set fifteen George Stefan poems in his Book of the Hanging Gardens, while the Rose quartet premiered his first Kammersymphonie.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnold_Schoenberg", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ffac", "qanta_id": 37465, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He set fifteen George Stefan poems in his Book of the Hanging Gardens, while the Rose quartet premiered his first Kammersymphonie. In one work of his, a men's chorus sings the \"Sh'ma Yisroel\" prayer, and another used the vocal style Sprechstimme. This composer of the Gurrelieder wrote a string sextet depicting a Dehmel poem, Transfigured Night, and well as Pierrot Lunaire. For 10 points, name this composer who developed both serialism and atonality, and instructed Anton Webern and Alban Berg.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 246 ], [ 247, 375 ], [ 376, 497 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "cosine", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This function's hyperbolic version is given by \"e to the x plus e to the negative x, all over 2,\" which can be used to describe catenaries.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trigonometric_functions", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ffd0", "qanta_id": 37501, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This function's hyperbolic version is given by \"e to the x plus e to the negative x, all over 2,\" which can be used to describe catenaries. The first two terms of its Taylor series are \"1 minus x squared over 2,\" and the natural log of this function is found in the integral of the tangent. Its namesake law states \"c squared equals a squared plus b squared minus 2ab\" times this function applied to gamma. The dot product is defined in terms of, for 10 points, what trigonometric function that is the reciprocal of the secant, and is given by adjacent over hypotenuse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 290 ], [ 291, 406 ], [ 407, 569 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Eugene {O'Neill}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this author sees a strait-laced architect put on the mask of his dead friend Dion Anthony, and in another work by this author, Dr. Ned Darrell impregnates Nina Leeds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ffd5", "qanta_id": 37506, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this author sees a strait-laced architect put on the mask of his dead friend Dion Anthony, and in another work by this author, Dr. Ned Darrell impregnates Nina Leeds. This author of The Great God Brown and Strange Interlude wrote expressionistic plays about Yank Smith and Brutus Jones, as well as a play about the arrival of Theodore Hickman to Harry Hope's Bar. For 10 points, name this playwright of The Hairy Ape and The Iceman Cometh, the first American playwright to win the Nobel Prize.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 375 ], [ 376, 505 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{piano}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Henry Cowell is credited with one innovation to this instrument, and that innovation was used in a work entitled Bacchanale.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Piano", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ffdb", "qanta_id": 37512, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Henry Cowell is credited with one innovation to this instrument, and that innovation was used in a work entitled Bacchanale. In Les Noces, Stravinsky scored four of them to be used as percussion instruments, while a concerto for it was written for Nicolai Rubinstein to perform. Other performers of it include Emmanuel Ax, and John Cage made use of the \"prepared\" kind of this instrument. Coming with a sustain petal, it can be upright or grand, and Beethoven wrote 32 sonatas for it, including the \"Moonlight.\" For 10 points, name this keyboard instrument.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 278 ], [ 279, 388 ], [ 389, 511 ], [ 512, 557 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Diego {Vel\u00e1zquez}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He painted a dog next to a patriarch being told by five of his sons about one's death in Joseph's Bloody Coat, and he painted the British signing a treaty with the Dutch in The Surrender at Breda.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diego_Vel\u00e1zquez", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550ffec", "qanta_id": 37529, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He painted a dog next to a patriarch being told by five of his sons about one's death in Joseph's Bloody Coat, and he painted the British signing a treaty with the Dutch in The Surrender at Breda. Francis Bacon modeled his Head Surrounded by Slabs of Beef on this man's portraits of Innocent X, and he painted the royal couple in a mirror and himself painting a scene that includes some dwarves and servants attending to the Infanta Margerita. The court painter of Philip IV, for 10 points, name this Spanish painter of Las Meninas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 197, 227 ], [ 228, 443 ], [ 444, 532 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "War of the Spanish Succession", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Shortly after the end of this conflict, the New Plant Decrees were issued, and early battles in it include Chiari and Carpi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fff0", "qanta_id": 37533, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Shortly after the end of this conflict, the New Plant Decrees were issued, and early battles in it include Chiari and Carpi. One battle in this conflict, fought between the Dyle and Mehaigne rivers, saw a victory for Count Overkirk over the Duke of Villeroi, while another took place near Oberglau and resulted in defeat for Maximilian II Emmanuel and the Duke of Tallard. The battles of Ramillies and Blenheim, which were won by Eugene of Savoy and the Duke of Marlborough, were part of, for 10 points, what conflict ended by the Treaty of Utrecht.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 372 ], [ 373, 549 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Hermann {Hesse}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Hans Giebenrath befriends Hermann Heilner and drowns after sinking into mental illness in one of this author's works, and another of his works tells of the title character's prodding of Emil Sinclair to spiritual realization; those works are Beneath the Wheel and Demian.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fff8", "qanta_id": 37541, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Hans Giebenrath befriends Hermann Heilner and drowns after sinking into mental illness in one of this author's works, and another of his works tells of the title character's prodding of Emil Sinclair to spiritual realization; those works are Beneath the Wheel and Demian. Mozart judges one of this author's characters after he meets Pablo and stabs Hermine in the Magic Theater. This author wrote about Joseph Knecht, who succeeds Thomas van der Trave as Magister Ludi. For 10 points, name this author of The Glass Bead Game, Der Steppenwolf, and Siddhartha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 271 ], [ 272, 378 ], [ 379, 469 ], [ 470, 558 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Robert {Schumann}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He wrote a \"musical fairy tale\" for chorus and orchestra in Der Rose Pilgerfahrt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Schumann", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90550fffb", "qanta_id": 37544, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote a \"musical fairy tale\" for chorus and orchestra in Der Rose Pilgerfahrt. He left unfinished a series of variations on Paganini's \"Campanella\" theme, and he wrote piano works about the characters of Florestan and Eusebius in his \"Davidsbundler.\" His piano collections include Pappilons, and this composer of Carnaval wrote a symphony in E-flat depicting the Cologne Cathedral, as well as another in B-flat named for a season. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Spring and Rhenish symphonies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 253 ], [ 254, 433 ], [ 434, 512 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Waterloo}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At this battle, the Earl of Uxbridge lead a heavy cavalry charge and routed heavy cuirassiers guarding the left flank of d'Erlon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Waterloo", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510012", "qanta_id": 37567, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At this battle, the Earl of Uxbridge lead a heavy cavalry charge and routed heavy cuirassiers guarding the left flank of d'Erlon. It immediately followed an encounter involving Marshall Grouchy at Wavre, and much of the fighting at this battle occurred at Plancenoit. The first battle of its namesake campaign occurred at Quatre Bras, and it was preceded by the Battle of Ligny, which was a loss for Gebhard von Blucher. For 10 points, name this 1815 victory for the Duke of Wellington, which resulted in Napoleon's final exile.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 267 ], [ 268, 420 ], [ 421, 528 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Titian}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man depicted the heads of Marco Vecellio, his son Orazio, and himself above those of a dog, wolf and lion in Allegory of Prudence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Titian", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510015", "qanta_id": 37570, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man depicted the heads of Marco Vecellio, his son Orazio, and himself above those of a dog, wolf and lion in Allegory of Prudence. This man created two works for the Frari Basilica, Assumption of the Virgin and the Pesaro Madonna. Another work shows a cheetah-drawn chariot on the island of Naxos and is entitled Bacchus and Ariadne. His most famous work was created for the marriage of Giulia Varano to Guidobaldo della Rovere, and depicts a dog and a nude woman lying on a bed. For 10 points, name this Venetian artist of Venus of Urbino.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 235 ], [ 236, 338 ], [ 339, 484 ], [ 485, 545 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Hardy}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poem by this man concludes that \"those purblind Doomsters had as readily strewn / Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain,\" and another describes hearing a bird's spontaneous song while leaning \"upon a coppice gate.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Hardy", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551001f", "qanta_id": 37580, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poem by this man concludes that \"those purblind Doomsters had as readily strewn / Blisses about my pilgrimage as pain,\" and another describes hearing a bird's spontaneous song while leaning \"upon a coppice gate.\" In addition to \"Hap\" and \"The Darkling Thrush,\" this man wrote several novels, including one in which Damon Wildeve drowns while trying to save Eustacia Vye, the wife of Clym Yeobright. For 10 points, identify this author of The Return of the Native, in addition to Jude the Obscure and Tess of the d'Urbervilles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 217, 402 ], [ 403, 530 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{torque}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Gyroscopic precession is also called this induced precession, and Poinsot's ellipsoid models another kind of precession called this-free.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Torque", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510020", "qanta_id": 37581, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Gyroscopic precession is also called this induced precession, and Poinsot's ellipsoid models another kind of precession called this-free. Deformation due to this creates a shearing stress and is called torsion. Equal to the product of the moment of inertia and the angular acceleration, it is also the time derivative of the angular momentum. For 10 points, identify this pseudo-vector quantity proportional to the cross product of the force applied and the lever arm, a rotational analogue of force.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 210 ], [ 211, 342 ], [ 343, 500 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{A Doll's House}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A porter delivers a Christmas tree during this play, and the maid Anne Marie takes care of the children Ivar, Bobby, and Emma.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "A_Doll's_House", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551003e", "qanta_id": 37611, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A porter delivers a Christmas tree during this play, and the maid Anne Marie takes care of the children Ivar, Bobby, and Emma. A terminally ill but wealthy doctor is secretly in love with the protagonist, who had forged her husband's name on a loan that funded his year in Italy. The protagonist convinces her husband to hire Christine Linde for a bank job, but that action results in the firing of Nils Krogstad. For 10 points, name this play in which Torvald Helmer is left by Nora, a work of Henrik Ibsen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 279 ], [ 280, 413 ], [ 414, 508 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Burma} [or {Myanmar}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation's war with Britain saw the victory of Charles Grant and Archibald Campbell, which resulted in the Treaty of Yandabo, and during World War II, the Chindits of Orde Wingate fought here.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Myanmar", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510046", "qanta_id": 37619, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation's war with Britain saw the victory of Charles Grant and Archibald Campbell, which resulted in the Treaty of Yandabo, and during World War II, the Chindits of Orde Wingate fought here. The location of the early kingdoms of Taungoo and Konbaung, this country was ruled by U Nu after its independence until an overthrow by Ne Win. Ruled since 1992 by Than Shwe, for 10 points, name this Asian nation from which both the Nobel Peace Prize recipient Aung San Su Kyi and former Secretary General of the United Nations, U Thant, are from.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 339 ], [ 340, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{angular momentum} [do not accept or prompt on \"momentum\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantum mechanical operator arises out of a solution to the spherical harmonics, and its eigenvalues are equal to h bar squared times its namesake quantum number times that number plus one.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Angular_momentum", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510048", "qanta_id": 37621, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantum mechanical operator arises out of a solution to the spherical harmonics, and its eigenvalues are equal to h bar squared times its namesake quantum number times that number plus one. For a rotating body, kinetic energy is equal to its square over twice the moment of inertia. For 10 points, identify this vector quantity that is given by the radius from the axis of rotation times mass times velocity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 287 ], [ 288, 413 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{endoplasmic} reticulum [or ER]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One process that occurs in this structure is divided into O-linked and N-linked varieties.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Endoplasmic_reticulum", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510054", "qanta_id": 37633, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One process that occurs in this structure is divided into O-linked and N-linked varieties. The chaperone BiP is localized to this structure's lumen, and in liver cells, it detoxifies hydrophobic chemicals. Other functions of this organelle include the breakdown of glycogen, lipid synthesis, and disulfide bond formation. It consists of a network of vesicles and channels, which are sometimes covered by ribosomes. For 10 points, name this cell organelle that comes in smooth and rough varieties.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 205 ], [ 206, 321 ], [ 322, 414 ], [ 415, 496 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "halogens", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Superatoms are considered to be \"pseudo\" varieties of them, and one compound consisting of two of them notably cleaves carbon-silicon bonds in organic reactions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Halogen", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551005c", "qanta_id": 37641, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Superatoms are considered to be \"pseudo\" varieties of them, and one compound consisting of two of them notably cleaves carbon-silicon bonds in organic reactions. The Tyrian purple dye features two of them at the ends of benzene rings, and a radioactive one was synthesized by barraging bismuth with alpha particles. Hypocalcaemia results from a spill of an acid of one, which is in both Freon and Teflon. Consisting of astatine, bromine, and the most electronegative element, for 10 points, name this chemical group also containing iodine and fluorine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 315 ], [ 316, 404 ], [ 405, 552 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of {Sweden}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the north of this country, the Torne River forms part of its eastern border, and the city of Umea is the largest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sweden", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551006e", "qanta_id": 37659, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the north of this country, the Torne River forms part of its eastern border, and the city of Umea is the largest. With its highest point at Kebnekaise, this nation controls the islands of Oland and Gotland, while its largest bodies of water include lakes Vattern and Vanern. Home to large cities including Uppsala, Malmo and Gothenburg, this country is bordered on the south by the Oresund strait and the Kattegat, and to its east lies the Gulf of Bothnia. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country with capital at Stockholm.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 277 ], [ 278, 459 ], [ 460, 532 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Italo {Calvino}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's short story \"A King Listens\" is found in his collection Under the Jaguar Sun.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italo_Calvino", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510074", "qanta_id": 37665, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's short story \"A King Listens\" is found in his collection Under the Jaguar Sun. One novel by this man centers on a group of mute travelers telling stories with Tarot cards, and another is titled after the hiding place of Pin. In addition to Castle of Crossed Destinies and Path to the Nest of Spiders, this man wrote a \"heraldic trilogy\" that begins with The Cloven Viscount, and a second-person novel which stars The Reader. For 10 points, identify this Italian author of Cosmicomics, Invisible Cities, and If on a winter's night a traveler.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 234 ], [ 235, 434 ], [ 435, 551 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Golden Bough}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work discusses \"Tabooed Acts\" and \"Tabooed Persons,\" and Ludwig Wittgenstein notably wrote some Remarks on it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Golden_Bough", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551008e", "qanta_id": 37691, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work discusses \"Tabooed Acts\" and \"Tabooed Persons,\" and Ludwig Wittgenstein notably wrote some Remarks on it. It divides one of its major subjects into contagious, sympathetic, and homeopathic varieties, and it opens by the discussing \"The King of the Wood,\" who was killed by his successor. It discusses Adonis, Balder, and Osiris as examples of sacrifice myths, and it derives its title from an object used in the Aeneid to gain entrance to the underworld. For 10 points, name this \"Study of Magic and Religion,\" a work by Scottish anthropologist James Frazer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 297 ], [ 298, 464 ], [ 465, 568 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Jesus Christ} [either or {both} names acceptable]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "William Holman Hunt used Elizabeth Siddal to model this person's hair for the painting The Light of the World.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jesus", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055100a4", "qanta_id": 37713, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "William Holman Hunt used Elizabeth Siddal to model this person's hair for the painting The Light of the World. Bellini painted three men asleep behind this person in Agony in the Garden. Three women kneel around the central figure in a Yellow version of this person painted by Paul Gaugain. Rogier van der Weyden painted this man's Deposition, and he appears in the center of da Vinci's The Last Supper. For 10 points, name this religious figure, who appears in two Rubens paintings of his \"elevation to\" and \"descent from\" the cross.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 186 ], [ 187, 290 ], [ 291, 403 ], [ 404, 534 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{index of refraction} [or {refractive} index]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "When a strong electric field acts on a transparent substance, variation of this quantity gives rise to the Kerr effect, which produces birefringence of a transverse beam of light.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Refractive_index", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055100a5", "qanta_id": 37714, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When a strong electric field acts on a transparent substance, variation of this quantity gives rise to the Kerr effect, which produces birefringence of a transverse beam of light. When light passes through two materials that share an interface and have different values for this property, Snell's law gives the angles of incidence and refraction. For 10 points, name this quantity that equals the ratio between the velocity of light in a vacuum and the velocity of light in a medium.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 346 ], [ 347, 483 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{surface tension}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The E\u00f6vt\u00f6s rule states that this property decreases as temperature increases.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Surface_tension", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055100b3", "qanta_id": 37728, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The E\u00f6vt\u00f6s rule states that this property decreases as temperature increases. The Young-Laplace equation relates pressure to the total vertical force produced by this phenomenon as a function of the radius of curvature. Emulsifying agents belong to a class of compounds that decrease this property, surfactants, and within a capillary, a meniscus forms as a result of this phenomenon. For 10 points, name this property of fluids, which arises from the attraction between molecules located on the liquid's surface with each other and nearby molecules.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 219 ], [ 220, 384 ], [ 385, 550 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Thatcher}, {Baroness} of {Kesteven}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This politician first assumed party leadership by defeating William Whitelaw, having gained fame as Secretary of State for Education and Science under Edward Heath.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Thatcher", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055100be", "qanta_id": 37739, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This politician first assumed party leadership by defeating William Whitelaw, having gained fame as Secretary of State for Education and Science under Edward Heath. Following the \"Winter of Discontent,\" this individual defeated Labour leader James Callaghan. Although widely praised in the wake of the Falklands War, a 1989 poll tax was so unpopular that she was replaced as Conservative Party leader by John Major. For 10 points, name this \"Iron Lady,\" the first female prime minister of Great Britain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 258 ], [ 259, 415 ], [ 416, 503 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Emile {Zola}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a short story in which the title character sees himself being buried alive, only to escape and find his wife remarried a few weeks later, \"The Death of Olivier Becaille.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Zola", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055100ca", "qanta_id": 37751, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a short story in which the title character sees himself being buried alive, only to escape and find his wife remarried a few weeks later, \"The Death of Olivier Becaille.\" This author wrote novels about a woman who drives Georges Hugon to suicide and about Etienne Lantier, who survives the collapse of a mine. His novel Nana is part of his cycle of twenty-one novels called Les Rougon- Macquart. For 10 points, name this French author and founder of naturalism, the author of Germinal and a letter protesting the Dreyfus affair, J'Accuse!", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 187, 327 ], [ 328, 413 ], [ 414, 556 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Mead}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author collaborated with Gregory Bateson on Balinese Character: A Photographic Analysis, and Derek Freeman was a critic of this author of Male and Female.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055100d5", "qanta_id": 37762, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author collaborated with Gregory Bateson on Balinese Character: A Photographic Analysis, and Derek Freeman was a critic of this author of Male and Female. Research with Reo Fortune into the Manus of New Guinea is described in part of this author's autobiographical book Blackberry Winter, and this cultural determinist wrote a book examining Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies. For 10 points, name this author of Coming of Age in Samoa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 396 ], [ 397, 455 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{mitochondria} [accept {mitochondrion}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One neurometabolic disorder resulting from a mutation in these structures is called Leigh's disease, and a malfunction in them can also result in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055100d6", "qanta_id": 37763, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One neurometabolic disorder resulting from a mutation in these structures is called Leigh's disease, and a malfunction in them can also result in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. These structures contain channel proteins called porins, and they release cytochrome C during apoptosis. They contain two membranes, with folds in the inner one called cristae. These organelles may have originated as endosymbiotic prokaryotes, and they possess their own DNA. For 10 points, name these organelles that produce energy in animal cells.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 287 ], [ 288, 359 ], [ 360, 458 ], [ 459, 532 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Aida", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the second act of this opera, a mezzo-soprano sings \"Vieni: sul crin ti piovano\" to try to forget her jealousy; earlier, she and two other members of a love triangle sing the trio \"Veni, o diletta appressati.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aida", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055100e8", "qanta_id": 37781, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the second act of this opera, a mezzo-soprano sings \"Vieni: sul crin ti piovano\" to try to forget her jealousy; earlier, she and two other members of a love triangle sing the trio \"Veni, o diletta appressati.\" This opera's title character sings the arias \"Ritorna vincitor\" and \"O patria mia,\" and it includes a \"Triumphal March\" celebrating a military victory. Though Amonasro escapes to his native land in the third act, the princess Amneris condemns her fianc\u00e9, an Egyptian officer, to capture and death. For 10 points, Radames is buried alive with an Ethiopian princess in what opera by Verdi?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 211 ], [ 211, 364 ], [ 365, 510 ], [ 511, 600 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Philippines}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Andres Bonifacio led this country's fight for independence, which grew out of the execution of the leader of the Propaganda Movement, Jose Rizal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philippines", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055100f7", "qanta_id": 37796, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Andres Bonifacio led this country's fight for independence, which grew out of the execution of the leader of the Propaganda Movement, Jose Rizal. The Nacionalista Party was founded here by Sergio Osmena, and it was home to the revolutionary organization Katipunan. Granted limited independence by the Tydings-McDuffie Act, this country later saw the People Power Revolution. Led early on by Emilio Aguinaldo, it was later ruled by Ferdinand Marcos. For 10 points, name this Pacific country which passed to American hands during the Spanish-American War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 264 ], [ 265, 374 ], [ 375, 448 ], [ 449, 553 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Francis Scott Key {Fitzgerald}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Sally Carrol Happer flees to the South from her fianc\u00e9 Harry Bellamy in this author's story \"The Ice Palace.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "F._Scott_Fitzgerald", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055100f9", "qanta_id": 37798, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Sally Carrol Happer flees to the South from her fianc\u00e9 Harry Bellamy in this author's story \"The Ice Palace.\" He wrote about Horace Tarbox in \"Head and Shoulders,\" which along with \"The Cut-Glass Bowl\" appears in his collection Flappers and Philosophers. He wrote about the relationship between Gloria and Anthony Patch's relationship in The Beautiful and Damned, and wrote a novel set in West Egg. For 10 points, name this author who created the characters Jordan Baker, Daisy Buchanan, and Nick Carraway in The Great Gatsby.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 254 ], [ 255, 398 ], [ 399, 526 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Miles {Davis}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist recorded the albums Sorcerer and Nefertiti with his second quintet, which included Ron Hancock, Tony Williams, Wayne Shorter, and Herbie Hancock.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Miles_Davis", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510106", "qanta_id": 37811, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist recorded the albums Sorcerer and Nefertiti with his second quintet, which included Ron Hancock, Tony Williams, Wayne Shorter, and Herbie Hancock. He collaborated with Gil Evans on an album based on Rodrigo's Concerto De Aranjuez for Guitar and Orchestra, Sketches of Spain. This musician fused jazz and rock on Bitches Brew, and recorded the songs \"Freddie Freeloader\" and \"So What\" for an album that pioneered modal jazz. For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter who recorded Kind of Blue.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 285 ], [ 286, 386 ], [ 386, 434 ], [ 435, 501 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{endoplasmic reticulum} [accept {ER}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In addition to causing the retrieval of v-SNARE proteins, the coat protein COP I targets proteins for this organelle, while COP II targets proteins exiting this organelle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Endoplasmic_reticulum", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551010b", "qanta_id": 37816, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In addition to causing the retrieval of v-SNARE proteins, the coat protein COP I targets proteins for this organelle, while COP II targets proteins exiting this organelle. The common sequence KDEL marks proteins for retention in this organelle, and most proteins synthesized in one type of this organelle undergo glycosylation. Ribosomes are present on the surface of one type of this organelle. For 10 points, name this organelle that comes in rough and smooth forms and provides a transport network throughout the cell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 327 ], [ 328, 395 ], [ 396, 521 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Pictures} of an {Exhibition} [or {Pictures} at an {Exhibition}; or {Pictures} from an {Exhibition}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One piece in this work represents pale light radiated from skulls by adapting this suite's opening theme to a minor key.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551010d", "qanta_id": 37818, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One piece in this work represents pale light radiated from skulls by adapting this suite's opening theme to a minor key. Another ends with four measures played \"velocissimo\" and \"con tutta forza\" to represent the cry of a dwarf walking on deformed legs. In addition to \"Con Mortuis in Lingua Mortua\" and \"The Gnome,\" this suite includes a piece which represents the flight of Baba Yaga, \"The Hut on Fowl's Legs.\" It includes \"Promenades\" representing the composer walking to view the paintings of Victor Hartmann. For 10 points, name this suite by Modest Mussorgsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 253 ], [ 254, 411 ], [ 411, 513 ], [ 514, 566 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Kurt {Vonnegut}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's novels, the narrator is forced to shoot a dachshund \"immobilized by dropsical fat\" that belongs to Resi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kurt_Vonnegut", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510111", "qanta_id": 37822, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's novels, the narrator is forced to shoot a dachshund \"immobilized by dropsical fat\" that belongs to Resi. Many of his short stories were collected in Bagombo Snuff Box, and he wrote a novel in which a race of furry, seal-like beings replaces humans after an apocalypse, Galapagos. This author also wrote a novel about Malachi Constant's journey to a moon of Saturn, and a novel about a man \"unstuck in time,\" Billy Pilgrim. For 10 points, name this author of The Sirens of Titan and Slaughterhouse-Five.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 300 ], [ 301, 443 ], [ 444, 523 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Sinclair {Lewis}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's novels is set in Grand Republic, where the title character discovers that he is one-thirty-second black.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sinclair_Lewis", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551012a", "qanta_id": 37847, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's novels is set in Grand Republic, where the title character discovers that he is one-thirty-second black. In addition to Kingsblood Royal, this author wrote about a student of Max Gottlieb in a novel about a doctor who discovers the X Principle, Arrowsmith. His title characters include a womanizing Methodist preacher and a realtor who realizes that he has sacrificed his dreams for mindless conformity and boosterism in Zenith. For 10 points, name this American author of Babbitt and Main Street.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 277 ], [ 278, 449 ], [ 450, 518 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{diffraction} [accept {Fresnel diffraction} before \u201c{Fraunhofer}\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The magnitude of one type of this phenomenon is governed by a namesake v-parameter given by the Cornu Spiral, and its Fraunhofer type occurs for Fresnel number less than one.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffraction", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510132", "qanta_id": 37855, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The magnitude of one type of this phenomenon is governed by a namesake v-parameter given by the Cornu Spiral, and its Fraunhofer type occurs for Fresnel number less than one. Bragg's law explains how x-rays experience it when meeting crystals, and the Davisson-Germer experiment showed that electrons experience it. It can be explained by Huygens ' Principle, and constructive interference illustrated that it happens to light in Young's double-slit experiment, showing its wave nature. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a wave bends around an obstacle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 315 ], [ 316, 486 ], [ 487, 564 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Franz Joseph {Haydn}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Clarice and Ecclitico are united in this composer's opera The World in the Moon, and he composed an opera after Orlando Furioso called The Paladin Orlando.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510151", "qanta_id": 37886, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Clarice and Ecclitico are united in this composer's opera The World in the Moon, and he composed an opera after Orlando Furioso called The Paladin Orlando. His final piano sonata in E-flat major is often considered his greatest. His works are organized in the Hoboken catalogue, and he composed an oratorio after the book of Genesis called The Creation. A repetitive chord pattern appears in his hundred and first symphony, \"Clock,\" and a shocking sforzando gives a nickname to his \"Surprise\" symphony. For 10 points, name this prolific Austrian composer known as the \"father of the symphony.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 228 ], [ 229, 353 ], [ 354, 502 ], [ 503, 593 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Henrik {Ibsen}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about the son of Albert Allmers, who is killed by the mysterious Rat Wife, in Little Eyolf.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henrik_Ibsen", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510153", "qanta_id": 37888, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about the son of Albert Allmers, who is killed by the mysterious Rat Wife, in Little Eyolf. Irene and the sculptor Arnold Rubek are killed by an avalanche in this author's final play, When We Dead Awaken. He wrote a play in which Dr. Stockmann is ostracized after discovering that some baths are contaminated, An Enemy of the People, as well as a play about the wife of Abel Tesman, Hedda Gabler. For 10 points, name this playwright who wrote about Nora Helmer in A Doll's House.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 222 ], [ 223, 414 ], [ 415, 497 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Jackson {Pollock}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Uncharacteristic of the techniques this artist adopted later in his career was his The She-Wolf, as was the predominantly yellow, orange, and blue Moby-Dick.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jackson_Pollock", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510155", "qanta_id": 37890, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Uncharacteristic of the techniques this artist adopted later in his career was his The She-Wolf, as was the predominantly yellow, orange, and blue Moby-Dick. He painted a work whose turquoise undertones are covered by a web of black interspersed with white and orange stripes, Full Fathom Five. His works have been found to display elements of self-similarity common to fractals and include Lavender Mist. For 10 points, name this artist, nicknamed Jack the Dripper for his innovative style of drip painting.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 294 ], [ 295, 405 ], [ 406, 508 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "James {Monroe}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's wife helped rescue Madame Lafayette from prison, and this man published Conduct of the Executive,", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Monroe", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510157", "qanta_id": 37892, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's wife helped rescue Madame Lafayette from prison, and this man published Conduct of the Executive, In the Foreign Affairs of the United States, which defended this man's opposition to Jay's Treaty while he served as minister to France. Along with Robert Livingston, this man signed the documents of the Louisiana Purchase, and his Secretary of State John Quincy Adams helped formulate a foreign policy named for this man. For 10 points, name this president who put forth a policy of non-interference of European powers in the affairs of the Americas, his namesake doctrine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 245 ], [ 246, 431 ], [ 432, 583 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "George Bernard {Shaw}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's plays, Zoo argues for the death of short-livers after the brothers Barnabas devise a way to live three hundred years, and in another, Larry Doyle and Tom Broadbent go to Ireland.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Bernard_Shaw", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510159", "qanta_id": 37894, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's plays, Zoo argues for the death of short-livers after the brothers Barnabas devise a way to live three hundred years, and in another, Larry Doyle and Tom Broadbent go to Ireland. In addition to Back to Methuselah and John Bull's Other Island, he wrote about Vivie's estrangement from her mother on learning she owns several brothels in Mrs. Warren's Profession. In another of his plays, Colonel Pickering wagers that a Cockney flower girl can't be taught to speak like a lady by Henry Higgins. For 10 points, name this British playwright of Pygmalion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 202 ], [ 203, 385 ], [ 386, 517 ], [ 518, 575 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Aaron {Copland}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He was inspired by Four Saints in Three Acts to write El Salon Mexico, and his clarinet concerto unusually contains only two movements linked by a cadenza.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aaron_Copland", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510170", "qanta_id": 37917, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was inspired by Four Saints in Three Acts to write El Salon Mexico, and his clarinet concerto unusually contains only two movements linked by a cadenza. He wrote a ballet including movements like \"Mexican Dance\" and \"The Open Prairie,\" as well as one depicting the death in a gunfight of the title character. One of his most famous pieces uses neither woodwinds nor strings and was dedicated to the World War II efforts of the titular \"common man,\" while another included variations on \"Simple Gifts.\" For 10 points, name this American composer of Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 311 ], [ 312, 504 ], [ 505, 580 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Japan}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote about a Calcutec who discovers that a scientist in a laboratory beneath a sewer installed a separate consciousness in his brain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551017c", "qanta_id": 37929, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author from this country wrote about a Calcutec who discovers that a scientist in a laboratory beneath a sewer installed a separate consciousness in his brain. Another author from this country wrote a novel about a stuttering acolyte who burns down a religious building. The authors of Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World and The Temple of the Golden Pavilion are from this country, the setting of \"In a Grove\" and \"Rashomon.\" For 10 points, name this island nation home to Murakami Haruki, Mishima Yukio, and Akutagawa Ryunosuke.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 274 ], [ 275, 442 ], [ 443, 546 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Poseidon", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god was the father of the Argonaut Nauplios by the Danaid Amymone, and his seduction of Iphimedeia produced two giants that imprisoned Ares in a bronze jar before being outwitted by Artemis and killing each other, Otus and Ephialtes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poseidon", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510189", "qanta_id": 37942, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god was the father of the Argonaut Nauplios by the Danaid Amymone, and his seduction of Iphimedeia produced two giants that imprisoned Ares in a bronze jar before being outwitted by Artemis and killing each other, Otus and Ephialtes. Zeus allowed this man to sleep with Eurynome; that union produced a hero that would slay the Chimera, Bellerophon. In some myths he is the father of Theseus. For 10 points, name this Greek god whose wife Amphitrite presumably minded his dalliances with mortal women less than Hera did, the Greek god of the sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 238 ], [ 239, 353 ], [ 354, 398 ], [ 398, 551 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Wolfgang Amadeus {Mozart}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist composed variations on Gluck's \"Unser dummer P\u00f6bel meint\" and \"Salve tu, Domine.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551018b", "qanta_id": 37944, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist composed variations on Gluck's \"Unser dummer P\u00f6bel meint\" and \"Salve tu, Domine.\" This composer imitated the song of a starling in a sextet whose score is rife with incorrect notes, A Musical Joke, and dedicated six string quartets to Joseph Haydn, the last of which is nicknamed \"Dissonance.\" He abandoned his unfinished opera Zaide to compose Idomeneo, and his works are catalogued by Kochel numbers. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Prague, Haffner, and Jupiter symphonies, as well as Eine Kleine Nachtmusik and The Magic Flute.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 305 ], [ 306, 414 ], [ 415, 558 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "distillation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Some types of this technique use devices named for Claisen or Vigreux, the former of which reduces the effects of \"bumping.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Distillation", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510192", "qanta_id": 37951, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some types of this technique use devices named for Claisen or Vigreux, the former of which reduces the effects of \"bumping.\" The McCabe-Thiele method optimizes parameters such as the location of feed trays and the number of necessary stages. Azeotropes cannot be separated using this technique, whose \"vacuum\" form occurs at low pressure and whose \"fractional\" form involves multiple condensers. For 10 points, name this method of purifying mixtures of liquids by separating them by boiling point.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 241 ], [ 242, 395 ], [ 396, 497 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Robert {Schumann}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His oratorio Paradise and the Peri borrows from Thomas Moore's Lalla-Rookh.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Schumann", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551019a", "qanta_id": 37959, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His oratorio Paradise and the Peri borrows from Thomas Moore's Lalla-Rookh. This composer declared \"Hats off, gentleman--a genius!\" after hearing Chopin's compositions, and dedicated his solo piano work Kreisleriana to Chopin. Other piano pieces by this man include Carnival and Scenes from Childhood. This composer's third symphony has five rather than the usual four movements, and was nicknamed after a river near the composer's home, the \"Rhenish.\" For 10 points, name this composer of the \"Spring\" Symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 131 ], [ 132, 226 ], [ 227, 301 ], [ 302, 452 ], [ 453, 512 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{antibodies} [or {antibody}; accept {gamma globulins}; accept early {immunoglobulins}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These structures can act as opsonins by binding to other molecules, making them easier to phagocytose.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antibody", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055101a3", "qanta_id": 37968, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These structures can act as opsonins by binding to other molecules, making them easier to phagocytose. The A form is found in colostrums and breast milk, and transfusion reactions are mediated by the M form. Monoclonal ones may be used to treat cancers. These structures consist of two heavy chains and two light chains. For 10 points, name these structures that are produced by B cells, sometimes called immunoglobulins, and bind to antigens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 207 ], [ 208, 253 ], [ 254, 320 ], [ 321, 443 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Umberto {Eco}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man collaborated with Richard Rorty and others on Interpretation and Overinterpretation, and wrote a history of the belief in a primordial tongue, The Search for the Perfect Language.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Umberto_Eco", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055101a4", "qanta_id": 37969, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man collaborated with Richard Rorty and others on Interpretation and Overinterpretation, and wrote a history of the belief in a primordial tongue, The Search for the Perfect Language. A man who can only remember books he has read is the focus of his The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loanna. The search for a lost volume of Aristotle and the attempts by Jorge of Burgos to suppress blasphemy are exposed by William of Baskerville in one of his novels. For 10 points, name this semiotician and author of The Name of the Rose and Foucault's Pendulum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 188 ], [ 189, 292 ], [ 293, 452 ], [ 453, 549 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{dogs}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Mary Cassatt's Portrait of a Little Girl depicts one of these sleeping on a chair next to the reclining title figure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055101a8", "qanta_id": 37973, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Mary Cassatt's Portrait of a Little Girl depicts one of these sleeping on a chair next to the reclining title figure. One of these investigates a puddle of blood below the titular satyr in Titian's The Flaying of Marsyas. A black one stands at the center of Georges Seurat's Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, and one sleeps on the bed in Titian's Venus of Urbino. For 10 points, name this animal, examples of which play poker in works by Cassius Coolidge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 221 ], [ 222, 380 ], [ 381, 472 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Perseus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In some stories this figure is descended from Lynceus and Hypermnestra, one of the Danaids.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055101ac", "qanta_id": 37977, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In some stories this figure is descended from Lynceus and Hypermnestra, one of the Danaids. While at an athletic contest in Larissa, he threw a discus into the crowd, fulfilling a prophecy by killing Acrisius. Raised by the fisherman Dictys, he received a silver wallet from the Hyperboreans after taking the one eye shared by the three Graeae. While in Ethiopia he rescued Andromeda, and his mother was put to sea in a chest after being impregnated by a shower of gold. For 10 points, name this son of Danae who used Hermes' winged sandals to kill Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 211 ], [ 211, 345 ], [ 346, 471 ], [ 472, 557 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Federico Garcia {Lorca}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote of a \"mighty chained king, robed in janitor's cloth\" in \"The King of Harlem,\" part of his review of a 1930 American visit, \"Poet in New York.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Federico_Garc\u00eda_Lorca", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055101cc", "qanta_id": 38009, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote of a \"mighty chained king, robed in janitor's cloth\" in \"The King of Harlem,\" part of his review of a 1930 American visit, \"Poet in New York.\" Sylvia is rejected by Boybeetle in his play The Butterfly's Evil Spell. This author of \"Lament for the Death of a Bullfighter\" described Leonardo Felix abducting his cousin in one play. Another play has an all-female cast and focuses on the time of mourning at the title structure. For 10 points, name this author, who was killed in the Spanish Civil War and wrote Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 159, 232 ], [ 233, 346 ], [ 347, 442 ], [ 443, 571 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Claude {Debussy}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The fourth movement of this composer's string quartet in G major opens with solo cello.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055101cd", "qanta_id": 38010, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The fourth movement of this composer's string quartet in G major opens with solo cello. This man, whose works are categorized by Lesure numbers, based one of his operas on a Maeterlinck play, Pelleas and Melisande. Another suite by this composer has movements like \"Passepied\" and \"Menuet,\" Suite Bergamasque. This man also wrote a piece based on a poem by Mallarm\u00e9, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. For 10 points, name this Impressionist composer of Clair de Lune.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 214 ], [ 215, 309 ], [ 310, 402 ], [ 403, 468 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Franz {Liszt}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Despite the fact that he was ordained as a priest, this composer had numerous affairs with students and admirers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Liszt", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055101f1", "qanta_id": 38046, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Despite the fact that he was ordained as a priest, this composer had numerous affairs with students and admirers. Pieces like \"La Campanella\" and \"La Chasse\" appear in another set of his virtuoso works, Grandes Etudes de Paganini. He drew from the story of Faust for his Mephisto Waltz, and this composer is also known for the etude Un sospiro. The piano tells the story of a titular Ukranian in \"Mazeppa,\" the fourth of this man's Transcendental Etudes. For 10 points, name this composer who recalled his home country in his Hungarian Rhapsodies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 230 ], [ 231, 344 ], [ 345, 454 ], [ 455, 547 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Spain} [or {Espana}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One composer from this country wrote a \"serenade concerto\" for harp, as well as a concerto called Fantasy for a Gentleman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055101f5", "qanta_id": 38050, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One composer from this country wrote a \"serenade concerto\" for harp, as well as a concerto called Fantasy for a Gentleman. One composer from here created a ballet in which the ghost of Candela's former lover tries to keep her from Carmelo, Love, the Magician. That composer also wrote a work called Nights in the Gardens of this country, and another composer wrote a piece about it called Iberia. For 10 points, name this country, home to composers like Pablo Sarasate and Manuel de Falla.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 259 ], [ 260, 396 ], [ 397, 489 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ NSC 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Polymers} (take {polymerization} or really anything involving the word {polymer})", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Flory-Huggins theory models these substances when put in solution and they are the subject of the Krotky-Porod worm like chain model.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymer", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551021f", "qanta_id": 38092, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Flory-Huggins theory models these substances when put in solution and they are the subject of the Krotky-Porod worm like chain model. Their stiffness is measured with the persistence length, equal to one half the Kuhn length, which is used to model them as random walks. The Carothers equation gives their degree in the step-growth reactions used to create them, while the free radical mechanism is often used for chain-growth, or addition reactions. For 10 points, name these compounds, examples of which include nylon and which are composed of repeating monomers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 274 ], [ 275, 454 ], [ 455, 569 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Antonio {Vivaldi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Among this composer's operas are Orlando Furioso and Skanderbeg, which details the exploits of the Albanian hero.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510237", "qanta_id": 38116, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Among this composer's operas are Orlando Furioso and Skanderbeg, which details the exploits of the Albanian hero. His Mandolin Concerto in C is one of the most important compositions for that instrument, and this prolific composer also wrote 37 bassoon and several hundred violin concertos. Nicknamed the Red Priest, he is known for his teaching work at the Ospedale della Pieta. He is most famous for a composition based on sonnets that depict a sleeping shepherd, a harvest festival and a stroll in the snow, movements titled \"La Primavera,\" \" L'Autumno\" and \"L'Inverno.\" For 10 points, name this Italian composer of such works as The Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 290 ], [ 291, 379 ], [ 380, 573 ], [ 574, 650 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich {Hegel}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man was criticized for his essay \"Difference\", in which he supported fellow editor of The Critical Journal of Philosophy, Friedrich von Schelling.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510249", "qanta_id": 38134, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man was criticized for his essay \"Difference\", in which he supported fellow editor of The Critical Journal of Philosophy, Friedrich von Schelling. Another work by this man claims that \"subjective\" type of the title concept does a better job than \"objective\" type in his Science of Logic. This man believed that private property was an \"embodiment of personality\" and an \"abstract right\", and he also believed that humans were led by the idea of an \"ethical life\", ideas which he put in his work Philosophy of Right. The most famous work of this man claims that the highest level of consciousness is Absolute Knowledge. For 10 points, name this man who wrote Phenomenology of Spirit, a man most famous for his dialectic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 292 ], [ 293, 520 ], [ 521, 623 ], [ 624, 724 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{William} Carlos {Williams}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet expressed the need for the arts under a socialist system in the introduction to his collection The Wedge, which includes the poem \"A Sort of Song.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Carlos_Williams", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551024e", "qanta_id": 38139, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet expressed the need for the arts under a socialist system in the introduction to his collection The Wedge, which includes the poem \"A Sort of Song.\" Another of his poems inspired his friend Charles Demuth to paint I Saw the Figure Five in Gold. His epic poem in five books about a New Jersey city called Paterson, but he is best known, for a poem entitled \"this is just to say,\" in which the persona apologizes for eating something \"so sweet / and so cold\" and another about something \"glazed with rainwater.\" For 10 points, identify this imagist author of a poem about \"the plums that were in the icebox\" and \"the red wheelbarrow.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 222 ], [ 223, 253 ], [ 254, 518 ], [ 519, 641 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Eakins}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist produced a number of wax sculptures of horses and a series of stop-motion photographs with Edward Muybridge.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Eakins", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510261", "qanta_id": 38158, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist produced a number of wax sculptures of horses and a series of stop-motion photographs with Edward Muybridge. His paintings include one that features his friend rowing and another that depicts a group of nude students at the title location. In addition to Max Schmitt in a Single Scull and The Swimming Hole, he created a painting that was rejected by the 1876 Centennial Exposition and depicts a demonstration at Jefferson Medical College. For 10 points, name this 19th-century Philadelphia artist, painter of The Gross Clinic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 251 ], [ 252, 451 ], [ 452, 539 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Magic Flute}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This opera includes a paen to the gods sung by a sorcerer titled \"O Isis und Osiris.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510268", "qanta_id": 38165, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This opera includes a paen to the gods sung by a sorcerer titled \"O Isis und Osiris.\" Papageno discovers that his beloved Papagena is actually an old woman rather than a young and beautiful girl, but the pair are reunited, along with the protagonists Tamino and Pamina. At one point, Pamina is instructed to kill the sorcerer Sarastro or be cursed by her mother, Sarastro's rival. This opera is best-known for its challenging aria \"Der Holle Rache,\" often called the \"Queen of the Night\" aria. For 10 points, what is this opera by Mozart involving a titular instrument with certain powers?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 84, 269 ], [ 270, 380 ], [ 381, 493 ], [ 494, 589 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of The {Wealth} of {Nations}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work asserts a connection between the beauty of Irish prostitutes in London and their potato-rich diets; the author also describes a traveler's visit to the Golconda diamond mines.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Wealth_of_Nations", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551026e", "qanta_id": 38171, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work asserts a connection between the beauty of Irish prostitutes in London and their potato-rich diets; the author also describes a traveler's visit to the Golconda diamond mines. Book III of this work notes that the trade between the country and the city leads a crude product to a more refined state in a section on the progress of opulence, while Book V advances the author's ideas about the proper method of taxation. However, this work's most important concept is that people working toward their own self-interest will inadvertently provide beneficial effects, such as the division of labor exemplified by a pin factory. For 10 points, name this work that introduced the concept of the \"invisible hand\", written by Adam Smith.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 429 ], [ 429, 633 ], [ 634, 739 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Aristophanes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, three unattractive, old women fight over who gets to have sex with one character first, while Chremes excitedly supports the new female dictator of the state, Praxagora. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristophanes", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510274", "qanta_id": 38177, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's works, three unattractive, old women fight over who gets to have sex with one character first, while Chremes excitedly supports the new female dictator of the state, Praxagora. In addition to Ecclesiazusae, one of his works features Trygaeus using a dung beetle as a steed to meet Zeus. In another of his works, the slave Xanthias is forced to walk around the River Acheron even though his master Dionysus is ferried across to meet the playwright Euripides, all while croaking can be heard from the titular animals. For 10 points, name this Greek playwright of The Peace and The Frogs who wrote of the title character spearheading a sex strike in Lysistrata.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 199, 310 ], [ 310, 540 ], [ 540, 682 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Tale of {Genji} (accept {Genji} monogatari)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Doris G. Bargen wrote a work analyzing the significance of the possessing spirits of this work. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tale_of_Genji", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510283", "qanta_id": 38192, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Doris G. Bargen wrote a work analyzing the significance of the possessing spirits of this work. Characters are often addressed by their post or the colors of their clothing. Its 42nd chapter, entitled \"Vanished into the Clouds,\" is left blank, implying the title character's death. The protagonist of this novel gains favor with the emperor after reciting some of his poetry and performing the \"Wave of the Blue Sea\" dance. The title character fools around with Utsuemi and Yugao much to the dismay of his wife, Princess Aoi. Centering on the love affairs of a Japanese prince, for 10 points, identify this eleventh century novel by Murasaki Shikibu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 97, 174 ], [ 175, 286 ], [ 286, 427 ], [ 428, 530 ], [ 531, 655 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Cambodia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Lon Nol led a 1970 military coup in this country, which began a five year civil war.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cambodia", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510288", "qanta_id": 38197, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Lon Nol led a 1970 military coup in this country, which began a five year civil war. This country's Prince Sihanouk attempted to control a Communist movement that involved Son Sen and Ieng Sary. After the fall of Lon Nol, the new Communist government attempted to establish an egalitarian agricultural society and ordered the killing of thousands of \"new people.\" For 10 points, name this country whose current prime minister is Hun Sen, site of a genocide under Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 194 ], [ 195, 363 ], [ 364, 485 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Garden} of {Earthly Delights}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one corner of this work, a man offers up an apple to a bird he is balancing on his feet, while in another corner, a woman can be seen holding what looks like an oversized pear.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551028c", "qanta_id": 38201, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one corner of this work, a man offers up an apple to a bird he is balancing on his feet, while in another corner, a woman can be seen holding what looks like an oversized pear. This work also depicts a pair of ears placed together near a fire, and a man is held fast to an overturned table by a dagger pierced through his hand. In another part of this work, an enormous bird feeds a group of humans standing under a branch, and nearby a man is carrying a large mussel shell containing another man. More notably, a man with tree-like arms has a round disk on his head that carries a group of creatures, and Jesus holds the hand of Eve in the Garden of Eden. For 10 points, name this triptych that depicts scenes from Eden and Hell on the side panels, a creation of Hieronymus Bosch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 330 ], [ 331, 500 ], [ 501, 661 ], [ 661, 785 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "the {Sun}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Lugh, a Celtic depiction of this object, joins the Tuatha de Danaan in fighting the Fomorii.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sun", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055102bb", "qanta_id": 38248, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Lugh, a Celtic depiction of this object, joins the Tuatha de Danaan in fighting the Fomorii. In Incan myth, the god of this was married to the earth goddess Pachamama, and sent his children to teach mankind to be civilized. In Chinese tradition, Hou Yi is believed to have used arrows to destroy nine of them. The Japanese god of this had a brother who cut through her roof and dropped a dead horse through, causing her to hide in a cave. The Egyptian one fights a never ending battle against Apep, and the Greeks depicted it as a chariot. For 10 points, name this object, represented by such deities as Inti, Amaterasu, and Ra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 223 ], [ 224, 311 ], [ 311, 439 ], [ 440, 542 ], [ 542, 630 ] ], "tournament": "NNT", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Bertrand {Russell}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man discussed phrases which describe objects we are not acquainted with in his essay \"On Denoting.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510350", "qanta_id": 38395, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man discussed phrases which describe objects we are not acquainted with in his essay \"On Denoting.\" He argued that objects are inferred by logical constructs that are formed from quanta of sensation in his 1918 lectures on Logical Atomism. This author of Why I am not a Christian found a paradox in Frege's theory, wherein a set cannot be a member of a set of all sets that are not members of themselves. For 10 points, identify this philosopher who collaborated with Whitehead on the Principia Mathematica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 244 ], [ 245, 409 ], [ 410, 512 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Robert {Browning} [accept \"{Two in the Campagna}\" before \"this author\" is read]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The speaker discerns \"Infinite passion, and the pain / Of finite hearts that yearn\" in this author's poem \"Two in the Campagna.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Browning", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510374", "qanta_id": 38431, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The speaker discerns \"Infinite passion, and the pain / Of finite hearts that yearn\" in this author's poem \"Two in the Campagna.\" That poem appears in a collection of this author's poetry beginning with \"Love Among the Ruins,\" Men and Women. A jealous monk describes his hatred for Brother Lawrence in this author's poem \"Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister,\" and his dramatic monologues include \"Fra Lippo Lippi\" and \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came.\" For 10 points, name this British poet of The Ring and the Book and \"My Last Duchess.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 240 ], [ 241, 454 ], [ 455, 540 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Hedda Gabler}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At the beginning of this play, one character is threatened with firing after she leaves her bonnet on a chair, and another character is delighted by slippers that are embroidered by his invalid Aunt Rina.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hedda_Gabler", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510388", "qanta_id": 38451, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the beginning of this play, one character is threatened with firing after she leaves her bonnet on a chair, and another character is delighted by slippers that are embroidered by his invalid Aunt Rina. In the third act, Thea is angry at the loss of a manuscript that she calls her \"child,\" and the title character convinces that character to die \"beautifully\" and gives him one of her father's pistols. Eilert Lovborg, is the competitor of George Tesman in, for 10 points, what Ibsen play, in which the blackmail attempt of Judge Brack leads to the title character's suicide?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 405 ], [ 406, 578 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "George {Santayana} [accept Jorge Agustin Nicolas Ruiz de {Santayana} y Borras]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Ezra Pound compared this man's manner of pronunciation to Benito Mussolini's in his 81st Canto.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Santayana", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551038b", "qanta_id": 38454, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Ezra Pound compared this man's manner of pronunciation to Benito Mussolini's in his 81st Canto. He divided existence into Essence, Matter, Truth, and Spirit in one work, and he described himself as an \"aesthetic Catholic\" in his essay \"Reason in Religion\" from his collection The Life of Reason. For 10 points, name this philosopher of The Realms of Being and The Sense of Beauty who contrasts doubt with the belief in the senses in Skepticism and Animal Faith and noted that \"those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 295 ], [ 296, 540 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Emily Dickinson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's poems notes that \"Orpheus' Sermon captivated /", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Emily_Dickinson", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055103a8", "qanta_id": 38483, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's poems notes that \"Orpheus' Sermon captivated / It did not condemn\" after calling the Bible \"an antique volume / written by faded men.\" In other poems, this author asserted \"after great pain, a formal feeling comes\" and that \"the Brain\u2014is wider than the sky.\" This author \"surmised the Horses Heads / Were toward Eternity\" at the end of another poem, and compared hope to \"the thing with feathers / that perches in the soul.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"Because I could not stop for Death\" and \"I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 155 ], [ 156, 279 ], [ 280, 444 ], [ 444, 548 ], [ 549, 562 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "friction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity is time dependent in models where Tresca plasticity is assumed, while Archard's model for this assumes uses a term for shear stress instead of the Bowden-Tabor model, which takes into account the area of the asperities.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friction", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055103ab", "qanta_id": 38486, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity is time dependent in models where Tresca plasticity is assumed, while Archard's model for this assumes uses a term for shear stress instead of the Bowden-Tabor model, which takes into account the area of the asperities. The dry form of it is independent of velocity according to Coulomb's law, and Amonton's law states that this quantity is proportional to the normal force. Existing in static and kinetic forms, for 10 points, identify this force that opposes motion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 233 ], [ 234, 388 ], [ 389, 482 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Mayans} [or {Mayas}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this culture's mythology, creating humanity took three tries; mud-based people simply dissolved, while wooden men were destroyed by the one-legged weather god.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maya_civilization", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055103ae", "qanta_id": 38489, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this culture's mythology, creating humanity took three tries; mud-based people simply dissolved, while wooden men were destroyed by the one-legged weather god. Also in their myths, the demon Seven Macaw was killed with a blowgun by someone who survived the trials of Cold House and Razor House in Xibalba (shih-BALL-buh). The hero twins Hunahpu and Xbalanque (shih-buh-LAHN-kay) are prominent in this group's epic. For 10 points, identify this culture whose gods include Chac and whose myths are contained in the Popol Vuh.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 324 ], [ 325, 380 ], [ 380, 417 ], [ 418, 526 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Gibbs Free Energy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity can be written as the sum of the chemical potential of each component of the system times number of particles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gibbs_free_energy", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055103df", "qanta_id": 38538, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity can be written as the sum of the chemical potential of each component of the system times number of particles. Its change is equal to the negative product of Faraday's constant, the electric potential, and number of moles of electrons, which is useful in deriving the Nernst equation. It can also be measured by subtracting the product of temperature and entropy from the enthalpy, and when this quantity is less than zero, a reaction proceeds spontaneously. For 10 points, name this quantity, the amount of useful work that can be obtained from a system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 298 ], [ 299, 472 ], [ 473, 569 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Cherry Orchard} [or {Vishnyovy sad}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this play is nicknamed \"Twenty-Two Calamities,\" and the main character rips up her foreign telegrams, pronouncing, \"I'm done with Paris.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Cherry_Orchard", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055103ee", "qanta_id": 38553, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this play is nicknamed \"Twenty-Two Calamities,\" and the main character rips up her foreign telegrams, pronouncing, \"I'm done with Paris.\" Boris earns a great fortune when profitable \"white clay\" is discovered on his land, and the \"eternal student\" Peter Trofimov decides to live with Anna. It ends when Firs is abandoned in a locked house, includes Lopakhin, who acquires, from Madame Ranevsky, the title area. For 10 points, name this play which ends with the sounds of axes swinging, written by Anton Chekov.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 153, 306 ], [ 307, 427 ], [ 428, 527 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Death} in {Venice} ({Der Tod} in {Venedig})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The title event of this work is preceded by Jasiu winning a wrestling match against an opponent who walks into the sea, and its protagonist has a nightmare about flute-playing forces of the \"strangergod.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_in_Venice", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551042a", "qanta_id": 38613, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title event of this work is preceded by Jasiu winning a wrestling match against an opponent who walks into the sea, and its protagonist has a nightmare about flute-playing forces of the \"strangergod.\" A street singer convinces that protagonist that he only has to fear sirocco, contradicting the British agent's warnings that Lido Beach is infested with Indian cholera. Thus, the main character does not warn the Polish family he has observed of the danger. For 10 points, Tadzio causes the title event upon Gustav von Aschenbach in what Thomas Mann novella?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 203 ], [ 203, 204 ], [ 205, 373 ], [ 374, 461 ], [ 462, 562 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Erik Homburger {Erikson}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man studied the cultural dimension of human problem-solving by observing the Yurok Indians in northern California.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Erik_Erikson", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510439", "qanta_id": 38628, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man studied the cultural dimension of human problem-solving by observing the Yurok Indians in northern California. He published his major theory in 1950's Childhood and Society and went on to write \"psychohistories\" of Gandhi and Martin Luther. Stagnation, doubt, and despair are some of the negative options he posited in his model. For 10 points, name this man who coined the term \"identity crisis\" to explain each central conflict in his eight-stage model of human development.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 249 ], [ 250, 338 ], [ 339, 485 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Marc Zakharovich {Chagall} [accept Mojsa Zaharavic {Sagalu}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this man sees a crowd gather around a red circle while a blue angel carries a man in the foreground.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marc_Chagall", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551043f", "qanta_id": 38634, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man sees a crowd gather around a red circle while a blue angel carries a man in the foreground. In another work, a man in blue adjusts the white veil of a woman in a red dress while a goat plays a violin. In addition to The Creation of Man and La Mariee, he created stained glass windows at Notre Dame de Reims and painting in which a burning synagogue is at the right of the title event. A green man and an upside-down woman are major elements of another work. For 10 points, identify this artist of White Crucifixion and I And The Village.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 221 ], [ 222, 405 ], [ 406, 478 ], [ 479, 558 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Mughal} Empire/Dynasty etc", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During this dynasty, a saint named Chishti was honored by the building of Fathpur Sikri.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mughal_Empire", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510476", "qanta_id": 38689, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During this dynasty, a saint named Chishti was honored by the building of Fathpur Sikri. A succession controversy during it was decided at the Battle of Deorai, and one of its rulers faced a rebellion from his son Khurram. One of its rulers founded an ecumenical faith known as Din-i-Ilahi, but another reinstituted the jizya tax on non-Muslims. Its founder established this empire with his victory at Panipat and was succeeded by Humayun. For 10 points, Aurangzeb, Jahangir, and Akbar all ruled what Muslim dynasty of India that was founded by Babur?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 222 ], [ 223, 345 ], [ 346, 439 ], [ 440, 551 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Ludwig Josef Johann {Wittgenstein}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One interpretation of this thinker's work posits a \"Rule-Following Paradox\" and is titled \"[This Man] on Rules and Private Language\" by Saul Kripke.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Wittgenstein", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551047d", "qanta_id": 38696, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One interpretation of this thinker's work posits a \"Rule-Following Paradox\" and is titled \"[This Man] on Rules and Private Language\" by Saul Kripke. This philosopher's lecture notes contain sections that discuss only technical words used in construction, and posit a \"family resemblance\" between objects, and are dubbed the \"Blue and Brown Books.\" He theorized \"language-games\" in one work, and claimed \"that which we cannot speak of, we must pass over in silence\" at the end of another. For 10 points, name this man who wrote the Philosophical Investigations and the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 347 ], [ 348, 487 ], [ 488, 599 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{precession}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "NMR-related imaging is based on the fact that resonant frequencies of nuclei experience the Larmor type of this and are proportional to magnetic field strength.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Precession", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510481", "qanta_id": 38700, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "NMR-related imaging is based on the fact that resonant frequencies of nuclei experience the Larmor type of this and are proportional to magnetic field strength. For the torque-induced type, one can calculate velocity of this by dividing torque by spin angular momentum, a quantity often computed for the gyroscopic type and important in gyrocompasses. For 10 points, name this phenomenon where the axis of a rotating object changes direction, which can be applied in astronomy to Earth's changing axis as it revolves and rotates.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 351 ], [ 352, 529 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Gustave {Flaubert}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His final, unfinished novel concerns two Parisian Clerks who move into the country near Chavignolles to pursue every kind of intillectual stimulation and failing miserably.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustave_Flaubert", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055104a1", "qanta_id": 38732, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His final, unfinished novel concerns two Parisian Clerks who move into the country near Chavignolles to pursue every kind of intillectual stimulation and failing miserably. Related to that work, Bouvard and Pecuchet, is\u00a0his Dictionary of Recieved Ideas, which is a\u00a0spoof\u00a0of the 2nd French empire. Another novel's focus is a Carthaginian priestess,\u00a0(*) Salammbo. His most famous works center on the selfless maid Felicite,\u00a0 the autobiographical Frederic Moreau, and\u00a0the\u00a0bored Norman wife\u00a0Dr.\u00a0Charles\u00a0who commits adultery and suicide. FTP\u00a0name this French\u00a0author of A Simple Heart, A Sentimental Education, and Madame Bovary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 296 ], [ 297, 361 ], [ 362, 532 ], [ 533, 623 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{bystander} effect or {bystander} apathy or {Kitty Genovese} effect or {Kitty Genovese} syndrome", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It was first demonstrated in the laboratory in a 1968 study by Darley and Latane, in which participants heard audio recordings of different voices and were told that their microphones would be off until it was their turn to speak.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bystander_effect", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055104c4", "qanta_id": 38767, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It was first demonstrated in the laboratory in a 1968 study by Darley and Latane, in which participants heard audio recordings of different voices and were told that their microphones would be off until it was their turn to speak. A famous example of it occurred on March 13, 1964, when a young woman returning to her home in Rego Park, Queens, was approached by Winston Mosely, who repeatedly stabbed her and (*) raped her while she was dying, in an attack that lasted half an hour. The New York Times reported that there were 38 witnesses. It is an example of diffusion of responsibility leading to social loafing. Sometimes it can be caused by pluralistic ignorance, or groupthink, where each person concludes from the inaction of others that the other people don't think help is needed. FTP, name this psychological phenomenon in which people are less likely to give help in a life-threatening situation when others are present.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 230 ], [ 231, 483 ], [ 484, 541 ], [ 542, 616 ], [ 617, 790 ], [ 791, 932 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "George {Orwell} or Eric {Blair}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He wrote about Gordon Comstock and Dorothy Hare in two of his earlier novels, Keep the Aspidistra Flying and A Clergyman's Daughter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Orwell", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055104ef", "qanta_id": 38810, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote about Gordon Comstock and Dorothy Hare in two of his earlier novels, Keep the Aspidistra Flying and A Clergyman's Daughter.\u00a0He told of his childhood in an autobiographical essay published three years after his death, Such, Such Were the Joys and described his experiences among poor miners in northern England in The Road to (*) Wigan Pier. He warned against using overly obtuse and meaningless speech in his essay Politics and the English Language using the example of \"a not unblack dog\". His first book talked about his time in the title cities, Down and Out in Paris and London, and other works based in his travels include Homage to Catalonia and Burmese Days. His most famous works include characters like Parsons, Syme, and Boxer, and, more centrally, Napoleon and Winston Smith. FTP name this author of Animal Farm and 1984.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 349 ], [ 350, 499 ], [ 500, 674 ], [ 675, 795 ], [ 796, 841 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Atalanta", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It is alleged that she had an affair with Ares that resulted in the birth of Parthenopaeus, and the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus tried to rape her.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Atalanta", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055104ff", "qanta_id": 38826, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It is alleged that she had an affair with Ares that resulted in the birth of Parthenopaeus, and the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus tried to rape her.\u00a0 Her father Iasus abandoned her because he wanted a boy, but a she-bear was sent so she couls suckle.\u00a0 Her face was \u00d2too boyish for a girl, but too girlish for a boy,\u00d3 and she was a child, her fortune said that marriage would be her ruin.\u00a0 Toxeus and Plexippus were killed over a gift to this figure by their nephew, and Rhea made her and her husband into the lions that pull her chariot after she failed to pay her respects to Venus, as Hippomenes was lent three (*) golden apples in his race with this hunter, who killed any who challenged her to a foot race and lost.\u00a0 FTP, Meleager killed his uncles over a gift to what mythical female hunter?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 149, 251 ], [ 251, 315 ], [ 316, 388 ], [ 388, 720 ], [ 720, 795 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Mark {Twain} or Samuel Langhorne {Clemens}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his works is about an old man with \"white hair descending/in a frothy cataract\" who gives a speech to conscripts about the horrors they were praying to inflict on their enemy entitled The War Prayer, while he explains his problems learning \"The Awful German language\" in an epilogue to one of his more famous works.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mark_Twain", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510521", "qanta_id": 38860, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his works is about an old man with \"white hair descending/in a frothy cataract\" who gives a speech to conscripts about the horrors they were praying to inflict on their enemy entitled The War Prayer, while he explains his problems learning \"The Awful German language\" in an epilogue to one of his more famous works. He wrote a work about Joan of Arc dictating memoirs to Sieur Louis and a collaboration with Charles Dudley Warner which gave its name to (*) The Gilded Age. More famous works are The Tramp Abroad and some that follow a boy who meets Injun Joe in a cemetary and another vagrant son of a drunk who runs away on a raft with the slave Jim. FTP name this author of the books about St. Petersburg, Missouri, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 322 ], [ 323, 479 ], [ 480, 658 ], [ 659, 789 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Omar {Khayyam}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His collaboration with other astronomers led to the creation of the Jalali Calendar, more accurate than the Gregorian and computed from the vernal equinox.\u00a0 ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rubaiyat_of_Omar_Khayyam", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551052c", "qanta_id": 38871, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His collaboration with other astronomers led to the creation of the Jalali Calendar, more accurate than the Gregorian and computed from the vernal equinox.\u00a0 In mathematics, he developed a method to solve cubic equations by intersecting a conic section with a circle, as explained in his 1070 Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra, and his criticism of The Elements (*) may have contributed to the development of non-Euclidean geometry.\u00a0 However, he was most notable for composing over a thousand quatrains, many of which were translated by Edward Fitzgerald in 5 editions.\u00a0 FTP, name this Persian polymath poet whose most famous line from his Rubaiyat may be, A jug of wine, a loaf of bread, and thou.\u00a0", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 157, 448 ], [ 448, 585 ], [ 585, 712 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Mauryan} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The second ruler of this empire extended its boundaries to Mysore and once asked Antiochus for some dried figs, wine, and a Sophist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurya_Empire", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510573", "qanta_id": 38941, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The second ruler of this empire extended its boundaries to Mysore and once asked Antiochus for some dried figs, wine, and a Sophist. Its final ruler led this empire's final southward expansion, conquering Kalinga, while the first leader drove back the invading forces of Seleucus and crossed the Indus River to capture Macedonian territory near Persia. For 10 points, name this Indian empire featuring the reigns of Chandragupta I and Ashoka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 352 ], [ 353, 442 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Swan Lake} or {Lebedinoje osero}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Inspirations for the program of this work, whose most familiar version was produced by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov after the composer's death, included Pushkin's Tzar Saltan and the composer's opera Undine, whose music was recycled for its famous love duet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Swan_Lake", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510578", "qanta_id": 38946, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Inspirations for the program of this work, whose most familiar version was produced by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov after the composer's death, included Pushkin's Tzar Saltan and the composer's opera Undine, whose music was recycled for its famous love duet. The central female is kidnapped by the evil sorcerer Rothbart, who tricks the prince into pledging his fidelity to Odile, and her parents' tears form the titular location. In most versions, Odette then dies or is condemned to remain away from Siegfried in the form of the titular bird. For 10 points, name this ballet, the first by Tchaikovsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 258 ], [ 259, 430 ], [ 431, 544 ], [ 545, 603 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{ATP} [or {adenosine triphosphate}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Instead of DNA gyrase, the anti-tuberculosis drug R207910 inhibits the production of this molecule.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Adenosine_triphosphate", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510583", "qanta_id": 38957, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Instead of DNA gyrase, the anti-tuberculosis drug R207910 inhibits the production of this molecule. The drugs suramin and caffeine are antagonists of this molecule in its role as a neurotransmitter, and F-0 and F-1 complexes make up its namesake synthase, which is bound to inner mitochondrial membranes. The protein myosin couples the hydrolysis of this molecule with motion, and it is usually required for active transport. For 10 points, name this primary energy carrier in cells, an alternative of which is GTP.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 304 ], [ 305, 425 ], [ 426, 515 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{esters}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These compounds are produced stereospecifically in a reaction named for Mitsunobu, and their most well-known syntheses in organic chemistry are named for Fischer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ester", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551058d", "qanta_id": 38967, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These compounds are produced stereospecifically in a reaction named for Mitsunobu, and their most well-known syntheses in organic chemistry are named for Fischer. Acetylcholine is degraded by the cleavage of this type of bond, two of which form the phospho- variety linking nucleic acids. When heated, these compounds yields glycerin and soap in saponification, and they can all be written in the form -COOR. For 10 points, name these compounds that often have fruity aromas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 288 ], [ 289, 408 ], [ 409, 475 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Eugene {O'Neill}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Major Cornelius Melody is the focus of his proposed nine-play cycle, A Tale of Possessors Dispossessed, but only the first play, A Touch of the Poet, was completed in his lifetime.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510591", "qanta_id": 38971, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Major Cornelius Melody is the focus of his proposed nine-play cycle, A Tale of Possessors Dispossessed, but only the first play, A Touch of the Poet, was completed in his lifetime. Jim is a black man married to the white woman Ella in this author's story of racial tensions, All God's Chillun Got Wings, and other works by this author of Anna Christie include ones featuring Nina Leeds and Harry Hope. He included both \"The Haunted\" and \"Homecoming\" in his trilogy, Mourning Becomes Electra. For 10 points, name this American playwright of Strange Interlude and The Iceman Cometh, who also wrote the autobiographical Long Day's Journey Into Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 401 ], [ 402, 491 ], [ 492, 647 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Noam {Chomsky}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man proposed the idea that children learn a language by gradually incorporating PLD into their own hypothesis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Noam_Chomsky", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510599", "qanta_id": 38979, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man proposed the idea that children learn a language by gradually incorporating PLD into their own hypothesis. While a student under Zellig Harris, he developed a model differentiating between subconscious control, called competence, and actual use, which he called performance. In addition to the language acquisition device and transformational-generative grammar, this man included the nonsensical \"Colorless green ideas sleep furiously\" in his seminal work Syntactic Structures. For 10 points, name this linguist, a professor emeritus of MIT.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 283 ], [ 284, 487 ], [ 488, 551 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Jean-Jacques {Rousseau}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this man argued against the idea that Geneva would be better off with a theatre, and another stresses the superior value of the nascent society.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055105c5", "qanta_id": 39023, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man argued against the idea that Geneva would be better off with a theatre, and another stresses the superior value of the nascent society. In addition to writing Discourse on Inequality, this man contributed music articles to Diderot's Encyclop\u00e9die. He believed that the individual is essentially good, but is usually warped by society, and his works include Reveries of a Solitary Walker and Emile: or, On Education. His most famous work proposed an elective aristocracy form of government and asserts that \"man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains.\" For 10 points, name this French philosopher, the author of The Social Contract.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 267 ], [ 268, 435 ], [ 436, 577 ], [ 578, 657 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Robert Lee {Frost}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He wrote about a boy who loses his hand and then his life in one work, and one of this man's poems describes how \"Leaf subsides to leaf, so Eden sank to grief.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055105d8", "qanta_id": 39042, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote about a boy who loses his hand and then his life in one work, and one of this man's poems describes how \"Leaf subsides to leaf, so Eden sank to grief.\" The narrator of another poem states that from what he's \"tasted of desire\" he would choose one of the title methods of destruction in \"Fire and Ice\", and he claimed that \"One could do worse than be a swinger of birches\" in a poem titled \"Birches\". For 10 points, name this poet of \"Out, Out\", \"Nothing Gold Can Stay\", \"The Gift Outright\", and \"The Mending Wall.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 408 ], [ 409, 523 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{black holes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Gamma ray bursts may be a result of these objects colliding with neutron stars, and one theory attempting to model these posits that the only externally observable qualities they can have are mass, angular momentum, and electric charge.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055105f3", "qanta_id": 39069, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Gamma ray bursts may be a result of these objects colliding with neutron stars, and one theory attempting to model these posits that the only externally observable qualities they can have are mass, angular momentum, and electric charge. In addition to being defined by the no hair theorem, a type of radiation that may be emitted from rotating ones may yet provide the first evidence of quantum gravity.\u00a0By definition, any mass which is compressed to smaller than its Schwarzchild radius forms, for 10 points, what astronomical bodies, whose gravity is so strong, even light cannot escape once it crosses the event horizon?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 236 ], [ 237, 403 ], [ 404, 623 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{collagen}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The biosynthesis of one type of it involves binding by the chaperone protein Hsp47, and it stains blue in Masson's trichrome stain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Collagen", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055105f5", "qanta_id": 39071, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The biosynthesis of one type of it involves binding by the chaperone protein Hsp47, and it stains blue in Masson's trichrome stain. Auto-antibodies bind to the alpha-three chains of the type four of it, and mutations that alter the C-terminal globular domain of certain type-IV-alpha chains can lead to Alport's syndrome. Possessing an unusually high percentage of the amino acids glycine and proline, it can be denatured to form gelatin. Consisting of three polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix, it is related to elastin. For 10 points, name this protein that is a major component of connective tissues, including tendons and cartilage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 321 ], [ 322, 438 ], [ 439, 531 ], [ 532, 646 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Ambrose {Bierce}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Carter Druse shoots his father as they fight on opposite sides of the war in one of this man's works.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ambrose_Bierce", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510622", "qanta_id": 39116, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Carter Druse shoots his father as they fight on opposite sides of the war in one of this man's works. In addition to \"A Horseman in the Sky\", he wrote of a child who stumbles upon badly wounded and disfigured retreating soldiers and is revealed to be deaf. He wrote a work in which friendship is described as \"a boat big enough to carry two in fair weather, but only one in foul,\" and that work's reception earned him the nickname \"Bitter.\" This author of \"Chickamunga\" published his most famous work before disappearing in Mexico. For 10 points, name this author of The Devil's Dictionary and a work centering on Peyton Farquar, \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 256 ], [ 257, 440 ], [ 441, 531 ], [ 532, 666 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Caravaggio} [or {Michelangelo} de Merisi before mentioned]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His Death of the Virgin was viewed to be irreverent because it shows Mary quite physically dead.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Caravaggio", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510624", "qanta_id": 39118, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His Death of the Virgin was viewed to be irreverent because it shows Mary quite physically dead. This was a few years after he completed three works for the Contarelli chapel for his best patron, Cardinal Del Monte. The head of the Knights of Malta commissioned his Beheading of St. John the Baptist and offered him protection after his slaying of Ranuccio Tomassoni over a tennis match. This master of chiaroscuro may be most well known for his tenebrism as seen in Supper at Emmaus and The Cardsharps. For 10 points, name this pugnacious artist of The Calling of St. Matthew.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 215 ], [ 216, 387 ], [ 388, 503 ], [ 504, 577 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "insulin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It consists of two polypeptide chains, one of which has an intra-chain disulfide bond and consists of 21 amino acids, the other consisting of 30 amino acids.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Insulin", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510625", "qanta_id": 39119, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It consists of two polypeptide chains, one of which has an intra-chain disulfide bond and consists of 21 amino acids, the other consisting of 30 amino acids. In the absence of it, GSK3 is active, and its receptor acts through the PI-3 kinase pathway, which causes movement of GLUT4. Forming hexamers in solution, it was discovered by Banting and Macleod, and can stimulate fat cells to make leptin. Produced by beta cells of the pancreas, for 10 points, name this hormone that maintains a stable blood-sugar level with glucagon and whose deficiency can lead to diabetes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 282 ], [ 283, 398 ], [ 399, 570 ] ], "tournament": "QuAC I", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Tezcatlipoca} BA", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This god is similar to a Mayan deity of kingship known as \"God K\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tezcatlipoca", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510651", "qanta_id": 39163, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god is similar to a Mayan deity of kingship known as \"God K\". This god is called Tepeyollotl when he takes the form of the animal associated with him. The stars of the Great Bear constellation are the footprints left by this god as he tried to approach the polar star. In a ceremony dedicated to this deity, a young man would be treated like a god for one year and then sacrificed. During the creation of the world, this god ripped off the jaw of the monster Cipactli, whose body became the Earth, but not before that monster bit off his foot. This creator of the first dogs is married to Xilonen, the goddess of corn, and this god was depicted with black and orange stripes. He ruled the world of the first sun, but was overthrown and turned into a Jaguar. He is the god of the North and of obsidian and is sometimes nicknamed for the object in his chest. For ten points, name this Lord of the Smoking Mirror, the evil brother of Quetzalcoatl.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 155 ], [ 156, 273 ], [ 274, 386 ], [ 387, 548 ], [ 549, 680 ], [ 681, 762 ], [ 763, 861 ], [ 862, 949 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich {Hegel}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A W.T. Stace work called \"The Philosophy of\" him includes a fold-out diagram of his thought, while this man's notes and papers are cited as Zusatz. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510689", "qanta_id": 39219, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A W.T. Stace work called \"The Philosophy of\" him includes a fold-out diagram of his thought, while this man's notes and papers are cited as Zusatz. \"The Owl of Minerva\" is a journal dedicated to the thought of this philosopher while A.V. Miller and J.N. Findlay are considered leading translators and explicators of this man's works. Unusual readings of this man's works include M.H. Abrams interpreting one of his major works as a Bildungsroman while Benedetto Croce explored \"what is living and what is dead\" in his philosophy. His Lectures on the Philosophy of Fine Art are less well-known than another set of lectures that discusses \"heroes\" like Caesar or Napoleon and early practitioners of the titular enterprise like Thucydides and Herodotus. Lectures on the History of Philosophy covers similar ground to, FTP, The Philosophy of Right, a book by this German thinker best-known for the Phenomenology of Spirit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 149, 150 ], [ 150, 334 ], [ 335, 532 ], [ 532, 754 ], [ 754, 822 ], [ 823, 921 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Ares} [accept: {Mars}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "During the Gigantomachy, this deity slew Mimas. By Demonice, this god may be the father of the river-god Evenus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ares", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055106ae", "qanta_id": 39256, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During the Gigantomachy, this deity slew Mimas. By Demonice, this god may be the father of the river-god Evenus. This god's sons include the man who raped Philomea, Tereus, and another one of this god's sons was turned into the swan Cygnus. This god was once kidnapped by the Aloadae, two brothers who were also giants, who chained this god to the inside of an urn until he was rescued by Hermes. One of this man's daughters was slain by Achilles at Troy; that daughter was Penthesilea, and Diomedes once wounded this god, whose other daughters include Hippolyta. This god's sisters include Hebe, the goddess of youth, and he is also the brother of Hephaestus, all of whom were born of Zeus and Hera. For ten points, name this father of Phobos and Deimos, the Greek god of war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 240 ], [ 241, 396 ], [ 397, 563 ], [ 564, 700 ], [ 701, 777 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Denmark} [accept: {Danes}, {Dane}-{land}, {Danemark}, {Danskere}]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One thinker from this country wrote a work on the role of God in European history titled The First World Chronicle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Denmark", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca9055106e9", "qanta_id": 39315, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One thinker from this country wrote a work on the role of God in European history titled The First World Chronicle. A man from this country named Boethius was a 13th century Scholastic thinker associated with the Averroist school. One Linguist from this country deciphered the Orkhon Inscriptions, unlocking the secrets of early Turkish orthography, while another Linguist from this country discovered that certain voiceless stops were voiced in early Proto-Germanic, explaining an anomaly in Grimm's Law. Apart from Vilhelm Thomsen and Karl Verner, this country was also home to a man who wrote Practice in Christianity and The Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates; that man also \"edited\" the writings of the mysterious \"Anti-Climacus\" about dispair, the titular condition in The Sickness Unto Death. For ten points, name this homeland of Soren Kierkegaard.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 230 ], [ 231, 505 ], [ 506, 818 ], [ 819, 875 ] ], "tournament": "RMP Fest", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Hungary} [or {Magyarorszag}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After World War I, this country disarmed on the orders of Mihaly Karolyi during the Aster Revolution and redefined its borders in the Treaty of Trianon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510703", "qanta_id": 39341, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After World War I, this country disarmed on the orders of Mihaly Karolyi during the Aster Revolution and redefined its borders in the Treaty of Trianon. At the end of World War II, it was led by the Arrow Cross Party of Ferenc Szalasi (FAIR-ens ZAWL-ah-see). The Nazis had earlier wrested control of this country from one-time ally (*) Miklos Horthy, who had been in power since overthrowing Bela Kun's (BEY-lo KOONZ) communist regime in 1918. After World War II, Janos Kadar (YAW-nawsh KAH-dahr) and Imre Nagy (IM-ray NOJ) seized power from Matyas Rakosi (MAHT-yash \"ROCK\"-oh-zee) before Soviet tanks stopped their 1956 attempt to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact. For 10 points, name this country that, prior to World War I, was part of a dual monarchy with Austria.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 258 ], [ 259, 417 ], [ 418, 443 ], [ 444, 662 ], [ 663, 765 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ National History Bowl", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of the {Philippines}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Batanes and Babuyan Islands are located in a strait north of this nation, whose center is governed by the Visaya administrative region.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philippines", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca90551070e", "qanta_id": 39352, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Batanes and Babuyan Islands are located in a strait north of this nation, whose center is governed by the Visaya administrative region. Containing such rivers as the Pasig and Cagayan, its highest point, Mt. Apo, is located on its second largest island. A better-known peak, however, is a volcano whose 1991 eruption was the second largest of the 20th century. Most its population lives on the islands of Mindinao and Luzon, which contains the aforementioned Mount Pinatubo. For 20 points, name this Asian nation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 257 ], [ 258, 364 ], [ 365, 478 ], [ 479, 517 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ Colonia 2", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Gamal Abdel {Nasser}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Among this man's deeds was the nationalization of the Azhar University.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gamal_Abdel_Nasser", "proto_id": "54769933ea23cca905510724", "qanta_id": 39374, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Among this man's deeds was the nationalization of the Azhar University. Early in his political career, he attempted to assassinate Muhammad Sirri Pasha. He served as the second Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement. As a member of the Free Officers, he opposed the execution of his country's overthrown monarch and later took power from Muhammad Naguib. Involved in the overthrow of King Farouk, this man also established the United Arab Republic, oversaw construction of the Aswan High Dam, and nationalized the Suez Canal. For 10 points, name this President of Egypt during the Six Day War, who was succeeded by Anwar Sadat.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 152 ], [ 153, 223 ], [ 224, 361 ], [ 362, 532 ], [ 533, 634 ] ], "tournament": "MW GSAC XVII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Doppler effect [or Doppler shift; prompt on red shift or blue shift after \"may appear\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An experiment verifying one form of this phenomenon involved measuring the frequencies of gamma rays being produced by a spinning centrifuge.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "5476a047ea23cca905510758", "qanta_id": 39387, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "An experiment verifying one form of this phenomenon involved measuring the frequencies of gamma rays being produced by a spinning centrifuge. Another experiment testing this phenomenon involved looking for longer wavelengths on a spectrograph because of a relativistic term. Those experiments, verifying the transverse and relativistic forms of this effect, were performed by Kundig and by Ives and Stillwell. Astronomical objects may appear red or blue because of this effect. For 10 points, name this effect in which the motion of a wave-emitting source relative to an observer causes an apparent change in the wave's frequency.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 274 ], [ 275, 409 ], [ 410, 477 ], [ 478, 630 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "France [or French Republic; or R\u00e9publique francaise]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One film from this country sees Captain von Rauffenstein reluctantly shoot a prisoner-of-war when he tries to escape from Wintersborn.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "France", "proto_id": "5476a048ea23cca905510764", "qanta_id": 39399, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "One film from this country sees Captain von Rauffenstein reluctantly shoot a prisoner-of-war when he tries to escape from Wintersborn. Another filmmaker from here created a character who divorces Christine Darbon in Love on the Run. In another work, that character is sent to a work camp after stealing a typewriter and is named Antoine Doinel. Another film from here focuses on the events after the Humphrey Bogart-admiring Michel shoots a police officer. Such films as The 400 Blows and Breathless are part of this country's \"New Wave\" movement. For 10 points, name this home country of Jean-Luc Goddard and Francois Truffaut.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 232 ], [ 233, 344 ], [ 345, 456 ], [ 457, 547 ], [ 548, 628 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Alexander the Great [or Alexander III of Macedon; or Megas Alexandros; prompt on Alexander]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man was exiled after he threw a cup at Attalus for calling him a bastard at a banquet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476a048ea23cca905510766", "qanta_id": 39401, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classic", "text": "This man was exiled after he threw a cup at Attalus for calling him a bastard at a banquet. He poured rocks into the sea to build a bridge over the Mediterranean and besiege the island city of Tyre. This man's army defeated King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes during his conquest of Punjab. After his death, this man's generals fought over his holdings in the Wars of the Diadochi. He won great victories at Issus and Gaugamela, where he defeated Darius III to take over the Persian Empire. For 10 points, name this son of Philip II, a ruler of Macedon known for his vast Asian conquests.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 198 ], [ 199, 295 ], [ 296, 386 ], [ 387, 495 ], [ 496, 593 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote \"soul more white never through martyrdom of fire was led to its repose\" in a poem about the death of his wife.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow", "proto_id": "5476a049ea23cca905510775", "qanta_id": 39416, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author wrote \"soul more white never through martyrdom of fire was led to its repose\" in a poem about the death of his wife. A character described by this author of \"Cross of Snow\" ignores \"the secret dread of the lonely belfry and the dead.\" In that work by this author, he promises \"you shall hear\" about a figure who instructs his friend to light \"one if by land, and two if by sea.\" This author also wrote of a man who created the red-headed woodpecker before marrying Minnehaha in a work that opens \"by the shores of Gitcheegoomee.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"Paul Revere's Ride\" and \"The Song of Hiawatha.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 245 ], [ 245, 390 ], [ 391, 540 ], [ 540, 623 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "John Maynard Keynes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "To illustrate his points, this man used the example of a beauty contest run by a newspaper and a parable about bananas that are only good for a short time.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476a049ea23cca905510779", "qanta_id": 39420, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "To illustrate his points, this man used the example of a beauty contest run by a newspaper and a parable about bananas that are only good for a short time. This man stated that the interest rate that made the value of future returns on a capital good equal to its purchase price was the marginal efficiency of capital. The Absolute Income Hypothesis is based on this man's consumption function. This man also introduced the notion of aggregate demand. The author of The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, for 10 points, name this economist who advocates an active government in the economy through actions such as stimulus spending during a deficit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 318 ], [ 319, 394 ], [ 395, 451 ], [ 452, 665 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sun [or Sol]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Time variances of the differential rotation of this body create \"jet streams\" below the surface known as torsional oscillations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sun", "proto_id": "5476a049ea23cca90551078c", "qanta_id": 39439, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Time variances of the differential rotation of this body create \"jet streams\" below the surface known as torsional oscillations. Features of this body in the x-ray spectrum such as Moreton waves were observed by the Yohkoh experiment. The Ulysses spacecraft studied the magnetic field lines of this body. The tacholine separates the larger, inner radiative zone of this body from its outer convective zone. This body is surrounded by its corona, and variations in the magnetic field of this star create its namesake flares. For 10 points, name this star, which is the closest one to Earth.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 234 ], [ 235, 304 ], [ 305, 406 ], [ 407, 523 ], [ 524, 589 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "alkynes", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of these compounds yields keto-enol tautomers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkyne", "proto_id": "5476a04aea23cca90551078f", "qanta_id": 39442, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of these compounds yields keto-enol tautomers. Oxidative cleavage of these compounds with potassium permanganate yields carboxylic acids. These compounds can be synthesized from aldehydes using an ylide (\"ee-lide\") reagent in the Corey-Fuchs reaction, and can react with Lindlar's catalyst to become more saturated. When these compounds react with dienes in the Diels-Alder reaction, the resulting cyclic structure has two double bonds. For 10 points, name this class of hydrocarbons which feature a carbon-carbon triple bond, whose simplest member, acetylene, is also known as ethyne.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 163 ], [ 164, 341 ], [ 342, 462 ], [ 463, 611 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Who's Afraid Of Virginia Woolf?", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Throughout this play, its characters reference a biology professor who is working on genetic modification in the hopes of creating a race of people who look like him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Who's_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf?", "proto_id": "5476a04aea23cca90551079a", "qanta_id": 39453, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Throughout this play, its characters reference a biology professor who is working on genetic modification in the hopes of creating a race of people who look like him. A history professor in this play wrote a failed novel about a boy who kills both of his parents. During the second act, titled \"Walpurgisnacht,\" one character announces a game of \"Get the Guests,\" and Honey gets so drunk that she sleeps on a bathroom floor, allowing her husband Nick to seduce George's wife. For 10 points, name this Edward Albee play in which Martha responds \"I am!\" to the title bastardization of a nursery rhyme.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 263 ], [ 264, 475 ], [ 476, 551 ], [ 552, 599 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Edward William Elgar", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Philosopher W. H. Whinfield was the dedicatee of this man's Serenade for Strings in E minor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "5476a04bea23cca9055107aa", "qanta_id": 39469, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Philosopher W. H. Whinfield was the dedicatee of this man's Serenade for Strings in E minor. He collaborated with his friend August Jaeger on an oratorio that depicts a man's journey through Purgatory. Jaeger was also the inspiration for the \"Nimrod\" section of a work that contains musical \"portraits\" of this composer's friends. In addition to the Dream of Gerontius, this man also wrote a set of variations on a \"hidden\" tune and a march which contains the tune \"Land of Hope and Glory,\" which is commonly played at graduations. For 10 points, name this English composer of the Enigma Variations and Pomp and Circumstance Marches.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 201 ], [ 202, 330 ], [ 331, 531 ], [ 532, 633 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker wrote a work divided into ten \"walks\" during which he reflects on his life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "5476a04bea23cca9055107ac", "qanta_id": 39471, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This thinker wrote a work divided into ten \"walks\" during which he reflects on his life. A novel by this author sees St. Preux come back into the life of Julie d'Etange. This author posited that pity is the second motivational principle of the human soul. Another book by this author of Julie, or the New Heloise includes the character Sophia and claims that cultivating natural tendencies should be the goal of education. He distinguishes between the natural and political kinds of the title concept in Discourse on Inequality, writing that \"Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains.\" For 10 points name this French enlightenment philosopher who wrote Emile and The Social Contract.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 169 ], [ 170, 255 ], [ 256, 422 ], [ 423, 593 ], [ 594, 691 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a novel by this man, the title character escapes from the vengeful James by explaining that he is too young to be the man his sister called \"Prince Charming.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oscar_Wilde", "proto_id": "5476a04bea23cca9055107bc", "qanta_id": 39487, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In a novel by this man, the title character escapes from the vengeful James by explaining that he is too young to be the man his sister called \"Prince Charming.\" In one play by this man, the title object implies one character's infidelity until her disguised mother Mrs. Erlynne claims it. In another work by this author of Lady Windermere's Fan, confusion arises from both Cecily and Gwendolen's wish to marry a man of a certain name until the lies of Algernon and Jack are revealed. For 10 points, name this author of The Importance of Being Earnest and The Picture of Dorian Gray.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 289 ], [ 290, 484 ], [ 485, 583 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt [or Teddy Roosevelt; or TR]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This President was roundly mocked for ordering the Government Printing Office to adopt simplified spellings of over 300 words.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theodore_Roosevelt", "proto_id": "5476a04cea23cca9055107c7", "qanta_id": 39498, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This President was roundly mocked for ordering the Government Printing Office to adopt simplified spellings of over 300 words. In one election, he campaigned on a platform of \"New Nationalism\" and survived a gunshot wound from John Schrank He arranged a Gentleman's Agreement with Japan to restrict Japanese immigration to the United States. This man used his \"bully pulpit\" to pass the Pure Food and Drug act and to enact the \"Square Deal.\" He unsuccessfully ran for the Bull Moose Party in the Election of 1912. For 10 points, name this trustbusting President.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 239 ], [ 240, 341 ], [ 342, 441 ], [ 442, 513 ], [ 514, 562 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Battle of Hastings", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The victors of this battle were slowed in their pursuit because of an ambush at the mal fosse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Hastings", "proto_id": "5476a04cea23cca9055107c9", "qanta_id": 39500, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "The victors of this battle were slowed in their pursuit because of an ambush at the mal fosse. The winning side used frontal attacks to weaken the enemy's shield wall, allowing them to weaken the cohesion of the losing army by barraging them with arrows. Before this battle, one side's army had been depleted in the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Harold Godwinson was killed during this battle, as depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry. For 10 points, name this 1066 battle, the key battle in the Norman conquest of England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 254 ], [ 255, 342 ], [ 343, 426 ], [ 427, 514 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Petrarch [or Francesco Petrarca]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An allegorical reading of one letter by this man relates his brother's easier struggle with faith through his choice of a direct path as opposed to this man's circuitous route up a mountain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Petrarch", "proto_id": "5476a04cea23cca9055107d4", "qanta_id": 39511, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "An allegorical reading of one letter by this man relates his brother's easier struggle with faith through his choice of a direct path as opposed to this man's circuitous route up a mountain. This author of \"The Ascent of Mount Ventoux\" also wrote an epic poem about the victory at the battle of Zama by Scipio Africanus. This humanist puns on the name of a woman he fell in love with on Good Friday in his poem \"she used to let her golden hair fly free.\" For 10 points, name this Italian poet of the Canzoniere, which contains many works of his namesake sonnet form written to Laura.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 320 ], [ 321, 454 ], [ 455, 583 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sparta [or Lacedaemon before it is read; or Lacedaemonia before it is read]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Future leaders of this state were allowed to kill their slaves in a ritual called the krypteia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sparta", "proto_id": "5476a04dea23cca9055107ea", "qanta_id": 39533, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classic", "text": "Future leaders of this state were allowed to kill their slaves in a ritual called the krypteia. This state decided foreign policy issues in a public assembly called the apella, which considered legislation brought forth by its five ephors and by the gerousia. Also known as Lacedaemon, this state lived in constant fear of revolts from its lower class, the helots. It defeated its major rival in the Peloponnesian War. For 10 points, name this Greek city-state, a rival of Athens known for its prowess in war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 259 ], [ 260, 364 ], [ 365, 418 ], [ 419, 509 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "New York City", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this city's rivers, the General Slocum caught fire, killing over 1,000 members of St. Mark's Lutheran Church.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_York_City", "proto_id": "5476a04eea23cca905510803", "qanta_id": 39558, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one of this city's rivers, the General Slocum caught fire, killing over 1,000 members of St. Mark's Lutheran Church. While in this city, Lieutenant-Governor Francis Nicholson was overthrown by the German-born militia leader Jacob Leisler. In 1863, rioters angry at the draft killed many of this city's blacks. This city was the site of Nathan Hale's execution. This city was the home of Tammany Hall, as well as the site of the Zenger trial. For 10 points, name this city, which, as capital of New Netherland, was called New Amsterdam.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 241 ], [ 242, 312 ], [ 313, 363 ], [ 364, 444 ], [ 445, 538 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of Peru [or Republica del Peru]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this country, discontent with the regime of Augusto Bernardino Leguia gave Victor Haya de la Torre the support of the lower classes for his party APRA.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peru", "proto_id": "5476a04eea23cca90551080a", "qanta_id": 39565, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In this country, discontent with the regime of Augusto Bernardino Leguia gave Victor Haya de la Torre the support of the lower classes for his party APRA. A more recent president of this country ran for the party Cambio 90. This country's current currency is the nuevo sol, which was introduced at one million times the value of its former currency. This country suffered frequent terrorist attacks by the Shining Path, which were combated by its president, Alberto Fujimori. For 10 point, name this Andean country whose capital is Lima.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 223 ], [ 224, 349 ], [ 350, 475 ], [ 476, 537 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Thor", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After this figure wins a duel at Griotunagardar, the volva Groa heals him until this figure tells her how he helped her husband across the Elivagar River.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476a04fea23cca90551081a", "qanta_id": 39581, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "After this figure wins a duel at Griotunagardar, the volva Groa heals him until this figure tells her how he helped her husband across the Elivagar River. When this figure was carrying Aurvandil, he broke off a frozen toe and made it a star. This god got a whetstone lodged in his head when he and his servant Thialfi fought Hrungnir, after which only this god's son by Jarnsaxa was able to lift Hrugnir's foot. This figure goes fishing with Hymir for the monster this god duels at Ragnarok named Jormungandr. His chariot is pulled by a pair of goats. For 10 points, name this father of Magni and Modi, husband of golden-haired Sif, wielder of the hammer Mjolnir, and Norse god of thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 241 ], [ 242, 411 ], [ 412, 509 ], [ 510, 551 ], [ 552, 689 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "quartz", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The alpha type of this mineral crystallizes trigonally and the beta type crystallizes hexagonally.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quartz", "proto_id": "5476a050ea23cca905510828", "qanta_id": 39595, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "The alpha type of this mineral crystallizes trigonally and the beta type crystallizes hexagonally. Cristobalite has the same chemical formula but different crystal structure than this mineral. One type of this mineral created in high pressures is abundant near the K-T boundary. This mineral is found under muscovite on the Bowen's Reaction Series, and, like Topaz, this mineral is piezoelectric. Forms of this mineral include amethyst, and trace amounts of titanium create the rose type of this mineral. For 10 points, name this mineral that scores a 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, and which is composed of silicon dioxide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 192 ], [ 193, 278 ], [ 279, 396 ], [ 397, 504 ], [ 505, 623 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Japan [or Nihon; or Nippon]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Metabolism architecture movement was founded in this country, whose first Pritzker Prize winner incorporated hyperbolic parabolas into his design of St. Mary's Cathedral in its capital.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "5476a050ea23cca90551082b", "qanta_id": 39598, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "The Metabolism architecture movement was founded in this country, whose first Pritzker Prize winner incorporated hyperbolic parabolas into his design of St. Mary's Cathedral in its capital. An airport located here is modeled after an airplane and is built on an artificial island. A museum built here saw its architect dig into a nearby mountain. In addition to an airport designed by Renzo Piano and I.M. Pei's Miho Museum, this country has a building that, due to several innovative features, survived a large 1923 earthquake. That building is Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel. For 10 points, name this country where many Kenzo Tange-designed buildings can be found in Toyko.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 280 ], [ 281, 346 ], [ 347, 528 ], [ 529, 582 ], [ 583, 680 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "David Hume", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker argued that monotheism is the result of competition between religions in his Natural History of Religion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "5476a050ea23cca905510837", "qanta_id": 39610, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This thinker argued that monotheism is the result of competition between religions in his Natural History of Religion. Another concept named for this man concerns the difference between \"relations of ideas\" and \"matters of fact.\" The distinction between descriptive and normative propositions is central to this thinker's criticism of ethics, and he criticized inductive reasoning using his namesake fork. For 10 points, name this Scottish thinker who discussed a missing shade of blue and the is/ought problem in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 228 ], [ 228, 405 ], [ 406, 496 ], [ 496, 599 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Madame Butterfly [or Madama Butterfly]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this opera, the duet \"Viene la sera\" is sung after the female lead has an angry confrontation with one of her relatives.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madama_Butterfly", "proto_id": "5476a050ea23cca90551083a", "qanta_id": 39613, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In this opera, the duet \"Viene la sera\" is sung after the female lead has an angry confrontation with one of her relatives. Another aria in it tells of a ship appearing on the horizon and declares that the singer will wait for a character represented by the \"Star Spangled Banner\" motif. That aria, \"Un bel di, vedremo,\" is sung just before the protagonist talks to American consul Sharpless and reveals her baby that she had with her husband. At the end of this opera, a U.S. naval officer named Pinkerton discovers that his wife, whose real name is Cio-Cio San, has killed herself in their home in Nagasaki. For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera set in Japan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 287 ], [ 288, 443 ], [ 444, 609 ], [ 610, 670 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Achilles", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This figure's father originally married a daughter of Eurytion named Antigone and was later accused of raping Acastus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Achilles", "proto_id": "5476a050ea23cca90551083d", "qanta_id": 39616, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This figure's father originally married a daughter of Eurytion named Antigone and was later accused of raping Acastus. This figure healed a king of Mysia named Telephus, and he also avenged Antilochus by killing a son of Tithonus. In addition to slaying the Ethiopian Memnon, this man killed the Amazon Penthesilea. Because of a prophecy about this figure being stronger than his father, his mother wed a mortal. This man's armor was disputed between Ajax the Greater and Odysseus before it went to his son Neoptolemus. For 10 points, name this hero whose mother, Thetis, dipped him in the river Styx, protecting all of him save for his heel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 230 ], [ 231, 315 ], [ 316, 398 ], [ 399, 412 ], [ 413, 519 ], [ 520, 642 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Charles Edward Ives", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The only complete piece from this composer's \"Men of Literature\" series is his Robert Browning Overture.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Ives", "proto_id": "5476a051ea23cca905510841", "qanta_id": 39620, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "The only complete piece from this composer's \"Men of Literature\" series is his Robert Browning Overture. His third symphony is based on church hymns. A more modern work by him uses a piece of wood to produce a large tone cluster. This man drew on popular tunes such as \"Camptown Races\" in his second symphony and also used \"Hello my Baby\" in one of his \"Two Contemplations.\" This composer paired The Unanswered Question with Central Park in the Dark and also depicted Redding, Connecticut and Boston Common in another work. For 10 points, name this American composer of Three Places in New England and the transcendentalism-inspired Concord Sonata.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 149 ], [ 150, 229 ], [ 230, 373 ], [ 373, 523 ], [ 524, 648 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Harold Pinter", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work by this man, Teddy brings his wife into his father's household, which she comes to dominate.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Harold_Pinter", "proto_id": "5476a052ea23cca90551085a", "qanta_id": 39645, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In one work by this man, Teddy brings his wife into his father's household, which she comes to dominate. During a game of blind man's bluff in a play by this author of The Homecoming, a character tries to rape Lulu after Meg and Petey Boles organize the title event for Stanley Webber, who is taken away by Goldberg and McCann. In another play by this man, two men argue about the score of a football game and lighting the kettle before they use a speaking tube to report a lack of food in the room where the hit man Ben points a gun at his partner Gus. For 10 points, name this British playwright of The Birthday Party and The Dumb Waiter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 327 ], [ 328, 553 ], [ 554, 640 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Hera", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As a favor to one of her priestesses, this figure struck that priestess' two sons, Cleobis and Biton, dead after they pulled a cart.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hera", "proto_id": "5476a052ea23cca905510863", "qanta_id": 39654, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "As a favor to one of her priestesses, this figure struck that priestess' two sons, Cleobis and Biton, dead after they pulled a cart. In the Tonaia festival, the cult image of this figure was bound with branches from the lygos tree. After losing a bet concerning whether men or women enjoyed sex more, this figure blinded a Theban seer. In another story, this goddess had a servant guard a white heifer she received as a present from her husband. One of her sons fell for nine days after being cast out of Olympus either by this cow-eyed goddess or for helping her. Her children included Eileithyia, Ares, and Hephaestus. For 10 points, name this queen of Olympus and jealous wife of Zeus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 231 ], [ 232, 335 ], [ 336, 445 ], [ 446, 564 ], [ 565, 620 ], [ 621, 688 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Simon Bolivar", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This leader proposed a fourth branch of government called a \"moral power\" to indoctrinate and police young citizens during their early education.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sim\u00f3n_Bol\u00edvar", "proto_id": "5476a052ea23cca905510865", "qanta_id": 39656, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This leader proposed a fourth branch of government called a \"moral power\" to indoctrinate and police young citizens during their early education. He was taught the ideas of rationalist philosophers by his childhood tutor, Simon Rodriguez. This leader convinced another general to retire to France in the Guayaquil Conference. After winning such battles as Boyaca and Carabobo, this man became the first president of Gran Colombia. Along with Jose de San Martin, he ousted the Spanish viceroys from Latin America. For 10 points, name this Liberator of South America.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 238 ], [ 239, 325 ], [ 326, 430 ], [ 431, 512 ], [ 513, 565 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Norway [or Kongeriket Norge]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country's southwestern region contains a large peneplain located at the Hardanger Plateau.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Norway", "proto_id": "5476a052ea23cca90551086e", "qanta_id": 39665, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This country's southwestern region contains a large peneplain located at the Hardanger Plateau. In the Jotunheim Mountains lies this country's highest point, Galdho Peak. At the southern end of the Gudbrands Valley lies this country's largest lake, Mjosa. Hydroelectric power is provided by this country's longest river, the Glomma. The Royal Society of Sciences is located in this country's port of Trondheim and the historic wooden structures of Bryggen are located in Bergen. It is largely bordered to the east by Sweden and separated by the North Sea from Denmark. For 10 points, name this country in which the Nobel Prizes are presented in its capital city, Oslo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 170 ], [ 171, 255 ], [ 256, 332 ], [ 333, 478 ], [ 479, 568 ], [ 569, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "War and Peace [or Voyna i Mir]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel is arrested when he protects an Armenian girl immediately after he saves a girl from a burning house.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_and_Peace", "proto_id": "5476a053ea23cca905510882", "qanta_id": 39685, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "The protagonist of this novel is arrested when he protects an Armenian girl immediately after he saves a girl from a burning house. After the death of five soldiers in this novel, the protagonist is placated by the folk-wisdom of the peasant Platon Karataev. In this novel, Mary offers starving peasants stored grain but has to be saved from their suspicion by Nicholas Rostov. Helene dies while her husband is away at war in this novel. That husband falls in love with Natasha after Prince Andrew's death from wounds sustained at the Battle of Borodino. For 10 points, name this Leo Tolstoy novel about Pierre Bezukhov.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 258 ], [ 259, 377 ], [ 378, 437 ], [ 438, 554 ], [ 555, 620 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Avram Noam Chomsky", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man was the first to propose a framework specified by the specifier, adjunct, and complement rules.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Noam_Chomsky", "proto_id": "5476a054ea23cca905510895", "qanta_id": 39704, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This man was the first to propose a framework specified by the specifier, adjunct, and complement rules. That method is known as X-bar theory. His namesake hierarchy consists of four types ordered by increasing specificity. In one of his works, he concludes that \"grammar is autonomous and independent of meaning\" and goes on to describe models based on a conception of language as a Markov process. Also in that work, he introduces his theory of syntax called transformational generative grammar and the phrase \"colorless green ideas sleep furiously.\" For ten points, name this author of The Sound Pattern of English and Syntactic Structures who is a professor at MIT.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 142 ], [ 143, 223 ], [ 224, 399 ], [ 400, 552 ], [ 553, 669 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sergei Prokofiev", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Boris Berman wrote a guide to playing this composer's piano sonatas, and was the first pianist to record this composer's complete piano music.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "5476a057ea23cca9055108e8", "qanta_id": 39787, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Boris Berman wrote a guide to playing this composer's piano sonatas, and was the first pianist to record this composer's complete piano music. His second piano concerto was attacked as a \"Babel of insane sounds\" after its premiere, and includes a massive first movement cadenza whose climax is marked colossale. This composer categorized all of his music into five major lines: classical, modern, motoric, lyrical, and grotesque. His \"motoric\" music includes his opus 11 toccata, which begins with the right and left hands alternatively playing repeated D's, and the third movement of his sixth piano sonata, which is grouped with his seventh and eighth piano sonatas as his \"war sonatas.\" He composed the \"Dance of the Knights\" for his ballet Romeo and Juliet. For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of the Lieutenant Kije suite and The Love for Three Oranges.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 311 ], [ 312, 429 ], [ 430, 688 ], [ 688, 689 ], [ 690, 761 ], [ 762, 863 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Tom Wingfield [prompt on Wingfield]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In the fourth scene of the play he appears in, this character tells a story about going to a magic show and seeing a magician escaping from a nailed-down coffin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Glass_Menagerie", "proto_id": "5476a059ea23cca905510906", "qanta_id": 39817, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In the fourth scene of the play he appears in, this character tells a story about going to a magic show and seeing a magician escaping from a nailed-down coffin. He calls his mother an \"ugly - babbling - witch\" for returning his DH Lawrence novel to the library, and tells her that he envies \"how lucky dead people are\" every time he wakes up to go to his job at a shoe warehouse. At the end of the play in which he appears, he begs his sister to \"blow out the candles,\" and reveals that he descended a fire escape to join the Merchant Marine. In the opening scene of the play in which he appears, this character tells the audience that it is based on his memories. The climax of that play occurs when he invites Jim O'Connor over for dinner, causing Jim to kiss and then abandon his fragile sister Laura. For ten points, name this character who narrates The Glass Menagerie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 380 ], [ 381, 543 ], [ 544, 665 ], [ 666, 805 ], [ 806, 875 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Flannery O'Connor", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of this author's short stories ends with its protagonist seeing a vision of souls ascending to heaven on a purple streak of light after shouting \"Who do you think you are?\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Flannery_O'Connor", "proto_id": "5476a066ea23cca905510a5a", "qanta_id": 40157, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One of this author's short stories ends with its protagonist seeing a vision of souls ascending to heaven on a purple streak of light after shouting \"Who do you think you are?\" at God while hosing down some hogs. That story by this author begins in a doctor's waiting room, where an acne-ridden Wellesley student throws her book Human Development at the protagonist and tells her \"Go back to hell where you came from, you old wart hog.\" In addition to writing that story about Ruby Turpin's title epiphany, this author wrote a story in which a middle-aged white woman attempts to give a black child a penny, only for that child's mother to knock her to the ground with her pocketbook. That story takes place on a bus, and ends with Julian's mother crumpling to the ground. For 10 points, name this American author of short stories such as \"Revelation\" and \"Everything That Rises Must Converge.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 212 ], [ 213, 435 ], [ 435, 436 ], [ 437, 684 ], [ 685, 772 ], [ 773, 894 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "collagen", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This protein is targeted by the drug Xiaflex, which treats Dupuytren's contracture with Clostridium-isolated enzymes that hydrolyze this protein.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Collagen", "proto_id": "5476a069ea23cca905510a95", "qanta_id": 40216, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This protein is targeted by the drug Xiaflex, which treats Dupuytren's contracture with Clostridium-isolated enzymes that hydrolyze this protein. The N-terminal domain of this protein is cleaved by proteins such as ADAMTS-2 and ADAMTS-3. Ascorbic acid both stimulates production of this protein and regulates hydroxylation of its lysine and proline residues. This protein contains a repeated Gly-X-Y motif, where X is often proline and Y is hydroxyproline. This principal component of the extracellular matrix forms a triple helix structure, which is assembled outside the cell. For 10 points, name this most abundant protein in mammals, found in hair, skin, and the organic components of bone and cartilage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 237 ], [ 238, 358 ], [ 359, 456 ], [ 457, 578 ], [ 579, 708 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Baruch de Spinoza", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker claimed that people cannot imagine life without love because it's impossible to do so in A Short Treatise on God, Man, and His Well-Being.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baruch_Spinoza", "proto_id": "5476a069ea23cca905510a98", "qanta_id": 40219, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This thinker claimed that people cannot imagine life without love because it's impossible to do so in A Short Treatise on God, Man, and His Well-Being. He used the definition of a circle to explain the distinction between definitions that describe properties of concepts and definitions that encompass the essence of an idea in On the Improvement of the Understanding. Another work questions whether the Hebrews were the only people who received prophecies from God after claiming the Torah was not written by Moses. This philosopher of Tractatus Theologico-Politicus wrote a work including the section \"Of Human Bondage\" that is laid out as a series of axioms. For 10 points, name this Dutch Jewish philosopher who wrote Ethics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 368 ], [ 369, 516 ], [ 517, 661 ], [ 662, 729 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Raymond Westerling, who was known as \"The Turk,\" led one attempted coup in this nation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "5476a069ea23cca905510aa8", "qanta_id": 40235, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Raymond Westerling, who was known as \"The Turk,\" led one attempted coup in this nation. Its independence movement included a communist insurgency culminating in the Madiun Affair and negotiations that led to the Linggajati and Renville Agreements. A change of government in this country occurred after the 30th of September Movement demonstrated outside Merdeka Palace. One of its notable post-colonial leaders outlined faith, unity, democracy, justice, and humanitarianism as his five principles, or Pancasila. That ruler espoused the doctrine of \"guided democracy.\" The PKI party ruled over this onetime Dutch colony whose leaders included Sukarno and Suharto. For 10 points, name this home to the world's largest Muslim population.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 247 ], [ 248, 369 ], [ 370, 511 ], [ 512, 566 ], [ 566, 662 ], [ 663, 734 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Neptune", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its two outermost satellites, Neso and Psamathe, have the largest orbital semimajor axes of any natural satellites in the solar system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neptune", "proto_id": "5476a06aea23cca905510ab0", "qanta_id": 40243, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Its two outermost satellites, Neso and Psamathe, have the largest orbital semimajor axes of any natural satellites in the solar system. The orbit of its third-largest moon has a ridiculous eccentricity, over .75, while the five distinct arcs of one of its rings are named Fraternite, Egalite 1 and 2, Liberte, and Courage. Its largest satellite is known for its \"cantaloupe terrain\", while it also features the Galle, Lassell, and Le Verrier rings. Its moon Galatea serves as a shepherd for its Adams ring. This planet experiences long lasting anti-cyclonic storms that are generally referred to as Great Dark Spots. Its largest moon has an unusually high albedo and exhibits cryovolcanism, and is called Triton. For 10 points, identify this planet located just inside the Kuiper Belt and named after the Roman god of the sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 322 ], [ 323, 448 ], [ 449, 506 ], [ 507, 616 ], [ 617, 712 ], [ 713, 826 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, the race horse Tamango, owned by the Deschampsneufs, is ritually killed by the narrator's father and his followers, while the narrator briefly becomes a leader on the island of Isabella.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "V._S._Naipaul", "proto_id": "5476a06aea23cca905510ab3", "qanta_id": 40246, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In one work by this author, the race horse Tamango, owned by the Deschampsneufs, is ritually killed by the narrator's father and his followers, while the narrator briefly becomes a leader on the island of Isabella. IAnother of his protagonists marries the daughter of Ramlogan and becomes a politician in Britain under the name G. Ramsay Muir, though he was born Ganesh Ramsumair. This author of The Mimic Men and The Mystic Masseur set one of his novels in a part of Africa ruled by Big Man, in which Salim sets up his shop. Another of his novels centers on a journalist and ex-signpainter who suffers under the yoke of Mai after marrying Shama Tulsi and seeks to build the title structure. For 10 points, name this Trinidadian author of A Bend in the River and A House for Mr. Biswas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 214 ], [ 215, 380 ], [ 381, 525 ], [ 526, 691 ], [ 692, 786 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Mollusca [accept mollusks]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Members of this phylum are the vectors for the spread of Schistosomiasis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mollusca", "proto_id": "5476a06aea23cca905510ab4", "qanta_id": 40247, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Members of this phylum are the vectors for the spread of Schistosomiasis. Free-swimming larvae of many species in this phylum are known as trocophores, which use cilia for propulsion until the development of a characteristic structure, and Eric Kandel won the Nobel prize for his studies of memory formation in Aplysia, which belongs to this organism. Members of this phylum possess an anterior buccal cavity containing an odontophore, which supports the main feeding structure, the radula. A true coelom and bilateral symmetry are common extant features of this phylum, while hemocyanin acts as an oxygen carrier in the hydrostatic skeleton. For 10 points, name this phylum with characteristic features like the visceral mass, head, and foot, encompassing such organisms as gastropods and cephalopods.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 351 ], [ 352, 490 ], [ 491, 642 ], [ 643, 802 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "hemoglobin [or Hb]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Because specific variants of this protein are often named after the geographic location in which they are discovered, its variants include Yakima and Kansas, each of which lacks a hydrogen bond that stabilizes one of its two stable quaternary states.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hemoglobin", "proto_id": "5476a06aea23cca905510abb", "qanta_id": 40254, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Because specific variants of this protein are often named after the geographic location in which they are discovered, its variants include Yakima and Kansas, each of which lacks a hydrogen bond that stabilizes one of its two stable quaternary states. Though the Adair and Hill equations are generally used for any enzyme, they were developed in studies of this protein. Max Perutz discovered the structure of this protein. A glutamate to valine mutation in this protein leads to its S variant, found in sickle-cell anemia. This protein has a higher affinity for carbon monoxide than its more biologically necessary substrate. For 10 points, name this protein that binds to up to four oxygen molecules and carries it through the bloodstream.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 250 ], [ 251, 369 ], [ 370, 422 ], [ 423, 522 ], [ 523, 625 ], [ 626, 740 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Rainier Maria Rilke", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet claimed \"I live my life in growing rings / which move out over the things around me\" in one work, while another of his poems states, \"And suddenly, everything is completely fire.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rainer_Maria_Rilke", "proto_id": "5476a06aea23cca905510ac2", "qanta_id": 40261, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This poet claimed \"I live my life in growing rings / which move out over the things around me\" in one work, while another of his poems states, \"And suddenly, everything is completely fire.\" One of this poet's speakers compares \"this difficult living, heavy and as if all tied up\" to the \"not-quite-finished walk\" of the titular bird. He wrote The Book of Hours and New Poems, which includes a poem whose speaker claims \"We cannot know his legendary head / with eyes like ripening fruit\" before stating, \"You must change your life.\" This poet wrote a collection with sections inspired by Picasso's Les Saltimbanques and Gaspara Stampa, which begins with the question, \"Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the Angelic Orders?\" For 10 points, name this German poet who wrote \"The Archaic Torso of Apollo\" and the Duino Elegies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 188 ], [ 188, 189 ], [ 190, 333 ], [ 334, 531 ], [ 532, 729 ], [ 730, 829 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Romance of the Three Kingdoms [or S?nguo Y?nyi]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work uses a hashish metaphor to counter an accusation that he has done his master more harm than good and is laughed at for using big words during a debate with some southern scholars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms", "proto_id": "5476a06bea23cca905510aca", "qanta_id": 40269, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One character in this work uses a hashish metaphor to counter an accusation that he has done his master more harm than good and is laughed at for using big words during a debate with some southern scholars. That character later stands on some ramparts alone, playing a zither, thus dissuading his rival from following him, while in a different episode that character captured and released a barbarian general seven times. Another character, who rides a horse named Red Hare, betrays and kills the man whom he used to serve as a bodyguard, Dong Zhuo. The victors of the Battle of Xiapi later hang Lu Bu, though before he is killed, he is almost recruited by Cao Cao. For 10 points, name this work by Luo Guanzhong, in which an oath is taken in a peach garden by Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Liu Bei during the Yellow Turban Rebellion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 421 ], [ 422, 549 ], [ 550, 665 ], [ 666, 828 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Clifford Geertz [prompt on \"Deep Play: Notes on a Balinese Cockfight\"]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this thinker discusses a ritual in which a coconut is placed in a pail of water and sinks for a period of twenty-one seconds called the \"tjeng.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Clifford_Geertz", "proto_id": "5476a06bea23cca905510ad0", "qanta_id": 40275, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One work by this thinker discusses a ritual in which a coconut is placed in a pail of water and sinks for a period of twenty-one seconds called the \"tjeng.\" In that work he discussed how babies are not permitted to crawl since society fears any association with animality, while a later section titled \"Playing with Fire\" discusses a concept from Jeremy Bentham about an action whose stakes are so high it is irrational to engage in. This thinker borrows a term from Gilbert Ryle about the difference between a twitch and a wink in an essay about \"thick description.\" For 10 points, name this anthropologist who included \"Deep Play: Notes on a Balinese Cockfight\" in Interpretations of Culture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 433 ], [ 434, 566 ], [ 566, 694 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "sulfuric acid [or H2SO4 before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the first step of the Marsh test for arsenic, this compound is combined with zinc in a Woulfe bottle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfuric_acid", "proto_id": "5476a06cea23cca905510ae1", "qanta_id": 40292, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In the first step of the Marsh test for arsenic, this compound is combined with zinc in a Woulfe bottle. Basil Valentine invented two ways to produce it, including the reaction of copperas with silica, but believed the products of those reactions to be different compounds. This compound is added to cumene hydroperoxide in the first step of the industrial synthesis of phenol and acetone. The Glover tower further refined a process that uses nitrogen dioxide as a catalyst for producing this compound; that process was replaced by one that uses a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst. Those processes are the lead chamber process and contact process. This compound is the \"acid\" found in lead-acid batteries, such as car batteries. For 10 points, name this strong acid with formula H2SO4.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 273 ], [ 274, 389 ], [ 390, 575 ], [ 576, 641 ], [ 642, 722 ], [ 723, 779 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Horus [the teardrop marking means that Horus is actually Lil' Wayne]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one story, this figure's vision was restored with gazelle milk after he was forced to hide out in a pair of oases, while in another story, he led his followers in harpooning 651 crocodiles and hippopotami outside the town of Edfu.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horus", "proto_id": "5476a06cea23cca905510aef", "qanta_id": 40306, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In one story, this figure's vision was restored with gazelle milk after he was forced to hide out in a pair of oases, while in another story, he led his followers in harpooning 651 crocodiles and hippopotami outside the town of Edfu. He was occasionally depicted sitting atop a lotus flower holding his thumb to his mouth. His hands were once recovered in a trap created by Sobek, who also saved this deity's four sons, who protected canopic jars. His incarnation as the rising sun was transformed into the Greek god of silence Harpocrates, while his teardrop-marked \"eye\" was represented by the goddess Wadjet. This god's exploits include disguising a stone boat and ejaculating into some lettuce to defeat his avuncular nemesis. For 10 points, identify this falcon-headed rival of Set, the son of Isis and Osiris.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 233 ], [ 234, 322 ], [ 323, 447 ], [ 448, 611 ], [ 612, 730 ], [ 731, 815 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Luigi Pirandello", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author outlined his theories about comedy in an essay titled simply \"Humor\", which sparked a long-lasting debate with Benedetto Croce.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Luigi_Pirandello", "proto_id": "5476a06cea23cca905510af0", "qanta_id": 40307, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This author outlined his theories about comedy in an essay titled simply \"Humor\", which sparked a long-lasting debate with Benedetto Croce. One of his works ends shortly after Baron Nuti and Michele Rocca simultaneously declare their love for Delia Moreno and her fictional counterpart Delia Morello. In another of his works, Lamberto Laudisi attempts to dissuade a group of townspeople from determining whether Ponza's wife was actually the daugher of Signora Frola. This author of Each in His Own Way and Right You Are! (If You Think You Are) penned a play in which Dr. Genoni helps break an illusion that had been maintained by Count di Nolli and a play in which a rehearsal of The Rules of the Game is interrupted by the title figures, who demand the Stage Manager give them parts. For 10 points, name this author of Enrico IV and Six Characters in Search of an Author.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 300 ], [ 301, 467 ], [ 468, 502 ], [ 503, 521 ], [ 522, 785 ], [ 786, 873 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Bertolt Brecht [or Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character created by this author is a member of the Black Straw Hats who seeks to overthrow the meat market monopolist Pierpont Mauler.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertolt_Brecht", "proto_id": "5476a06eea23cca905510b26", "qanta_id": 40361, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One character created by this author is a member of the Black Straw Hats who seeks to overthrow the meat market monopolist Pierpont Mauler. In another work by this author, Joe gets killed in a boxing match against Trinity Moses, who later serves as the prosecutor in a trial in which Fatty the Bookie is the defense attorney. Joan Dark appears in this author's Saint Joan of the Stockyards, while Leocadia Begbick runs the As-You-Like-It Tavern in a work by this man that ends with a death sentence being handed to Jimmy Gallagher. Another of his plays contains the \"Song of Great Capitulation\" and centers on Anna Fierling and her children Eilif, Kattrin, and Swiss Cheese. For 10 points, identify this proponent of epic theater whose dramatic works include Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny and Mother Courage and her Children.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 325 ], [ 326, 531 ], [ 532, 674 ], [ 675, 834 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Edvard Grieg", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer contrasts a quick \"musette\" dance with a 2/4 slower \"gavotte\" in the third movement of one work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "5476a06fea23cca905510b2f", "qanta_id": 40370, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This composer contrasts a quick \"musette\" dance with a 2/4 slower \"gavotte\" in the third movement of one work. He amended Lizst's suggestion that the second theme of the first movement be given to the trumpets rather than the cellos in a revision of his Piano Concerto in A minor, which is the only concerto he finished. His wife Nina inspired his composition \"Erotikon\" which is collected in a set that includes a worked inspired by the watchman's song in Macbeth and \"Wedding Day at Troldhaugen.\" This composer of Lyric Pieces wrote a work with the movements \"Aase's Death\" and \"Morning Mood.\" For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer of the Peer Gynt Suite, which contains \"In the Hall of the Mountain King.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 320 ], [ 321, 498 ], [ 499, 562 ], [ 562, 595 ], [ 596, 714 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Madagascar", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One leader of this nation led a rebellion against the settlement of Foulpointe and had earlier founded the non-Canadian settlement of Louisbourg.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madagascar", "proto_id": "5476a071ea23cca905510b62", "qanta_id": 40421, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One leader of this nation led a rebellion against the settlement of Foulpointe and had earlier founded the non-Canadian settlement of Louisbourg. In addition to Maurice Benyovszky, this country was led by the Merina Dynasty, which included a ruler who prohibited the practice of Christianity in this nation and punished suspected converts with poisoning in the tangena ordeal. The legendarily cruel queen Ranavalona I ruled this country, which in more recent times was controlled for a total of twenty-eight years by Didier Ratsiraka. Inspired by similar efforts in Uganda, Hitler proposed making this country a forced emigration destination for European Jews. For 10 points, name this country whose dominant ethnic group is the Malagsy, also the home of lemurs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 376 ], [ 377, 404 ], [ 405, 415 ], [ 416, 534 ], [ 535, 660 ], [ 661, 762 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Nathaniel Hawthorne", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about Violet and Peony Lindsey making a snowman who comes to life as a little girl, while in another story a man painted half red and half black tells Robin to wait at the steps of a church for one hour to see the title character.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nathaniel_Hawthorne", "proto_id": "5476a073ea23cca905510b9e", "qanta_id": 40481, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This author wrote about Violet and Peony Lindsey making a snowman who comes to life as a little girl, while in another story a man painted half red and half black tells Robin to wait at the steps of a church for one hour to see the title character. This author of \"The Snow Image\" wrote about Bartram discovering the title character has burnt himself in his lime kiln looking for the \"unpardonable sin\" in \"Ethan Brand.\" This author wrote a story about Aminadab helping Aylmer remove the titular defect from his wife Georgiana, while Reverend Hooper refuses to remove a depressing garment in \"The Minister's Black Veil.\" For 10 points, name this author who wrote \"Young Goodman Brown\" and The Scarlet Letter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 248 ], [ 249, 420 ], [ 421, 620 ], [ 621, 708 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "pendulum [accept harmonic oscillator before \"nonlinear\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Holmes and Marsden used the Melnikov formalism to show that coupling perturbations in this system render it non-integrable due to the introductions of horseshoes, which are intersections between stable and unstable manifolds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pendulum", "proto_id": "5476a074ea23cca905510bb5", "qanta_id": 40504, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Holmes and Marsden used the Melnikov formalism to show that coupling perturbations in this system render it non-integrable due to the introductions of horseshoes, which are intersections between stable and unstable manifolds. The differential equation describing the dynamics of a nonlinear one of these systems contains a term proportional to the sine of the angle, which means that displacement of such a system is proportional to an elliptic integral of the first kind. A linear variant of this system avoids that complication by Taylor expanding around the equilibrium point and assuming small-angle oscillations, which gives a period of two pi times the square root of the length over the gravitational acceleration. Also exhibiting chaos when two of these are connected in a \"double\" variant, for ten points, identify this dynamical system, a harmonic oscillator consisting of a weight on a massless rod.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 225 ], [ 226, 472 ], [ 473, 721 ], [ 722, 910 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Diels-Alder reaction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This reaction occurs twice, once intramolecularly, in the synthesis of gibberelic acid.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diels\u2013Alder_reaction", "proto_id": "5476a075ea23cca905510bcc", "qanta_id": 40527, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This reaction occurs twice, once intramolecularly, in the synthesis of gibberelic acid. Breslow showed an acceleration of this reaction in aqueous solution that is attributed to hydrophobic effects. Like aldol reactions, it can be enantioselectively catalyzed by both magnesium and copper(II) chelates of bis-oxazolines. Other popular catalysts include scandium triflate and ytterbium triflate, the latter of which is commonly used with a compound named after Danishefsky in this reaction's aza- variant. One of this reaction's namesakes also names a rule that states that endo addition is preferred in this reaction. For 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous pericyclic addition reaction in which a conjugated diene is added to a dienophile.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 198 ], [ 199, 320 ], [ 321, 504 ], [ 505, 617 ], [ 618, 742 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Ares} [prompt on {Mars} until \"Greek\"]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "Cadmus once killed this deity's dragon and had to serve this deity for eight years, after which he married Harmonia, this deity's daughter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ares", "proto_id": "5476a087ea23cca905510bde", "qanta_id": 40545, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "Cadmus once killed this deity's dragon and had to serve this deity for eight years, after which he married Harmonia, this deity's daughter. This deity was wounded by Diomedes (die-AHM- ee-dees) during the Trojan War when he appeared on the battlefield helping the Trojans. This deity's union with Aphrodite yielded Eros (AIR-ohs) and his attendants Phobos (FOE-bows) and Deimos (DAY-mows). For 10 points, which son of Zeus and Hera is the Greek god of war?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 272 ], [ 273, 389 ], [ 390, 456 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republica {Argentina} [or {Argentine Republic}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "One event in this country's history was a series of attacks on civilians and foreigners by the Videla Regime known as the Dirty War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Argentina", "proto_id": "5476a087ea23cca905510bdf", "qanta_id": 40546, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One event in this country's history was a series of attacks on civilians and foreigners by the Videla Regime known as the Dirty War. Mossad carried out an operation to capture Adolf Eichmann (ike-MON) in this country. This country fought a war against Great Britain for control of the Falkland Islands. For 10 points, identify this country whose former leaders include Nestor Kirchner (kirk-NUR) and Juan Peron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 217 ], [ 218, 302 ], [ 303, 411 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{mass} [prompt on {m;} accept {energy} before \"inertia\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mass", "proto_id": "5476a087ea23cca905510be9", "qanta_id": 40556, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity. Its rotational analogue is rotational inertia. It equals energy divided by the square of the speed of light. On Earth, it is sometimes confused with weight, though it is measured not in pounds but in grams. For 10 points, name this quantity that represents the amount of matter in an object.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 112 ], [ 113, 174 ], [ 175, 272 ], [ 273, 357 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{San Francisco,} California", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This city, home to the War Memorial Opera House, has such suburbs as Daly City.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "San_Francisco", "proto_id": "5476a088ea23cca905510bef", "qanta_id": 40562, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This city, home to the War Memorial Opera House, has such suburbs as Daly City. In it can be found Russian Hill and Lake Merced as well as Nob Hill. This city's district of Haight-Ashbury was a center of hippie culture. Its namesake body of water contains Treasure Island and Angel Island; across that bay lies Oakland. For 10 points, name this city at the south end of the Golden Gate Bridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 148 ], [ 149, 219 ], [ 220, 319 ], [ 320, 393 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Hermes", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermes", "proto_id": "5476a089ea23cca905510c11", "qanta_id": 40596, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa. In The Odyssey, this god gave Odysseus the herb, moly, to protect him from Circe's (SIR-see's) magic, and was later asked by Zeus to order Calypso to let Odysseus go free. As an infant, this deity stole Apollo's cattle and gave Apollo the lyre he had invented. For 10 points, identify this Greek messenger god often depicted with his winged sandals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 239 ], [ 240, 328 ], [ 329, 417 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "One character in this book deliberately pours syrup all over his lunch.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "To_Kill_a_Mockingbird", "proto_id": "5476a089ea23cca905510c12", "qanta_id": 40597, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One character in this book deliberately pours syrup all over his lunch. At one point, the main characters are taken to a church by their cook, Calpurnia. Mayella Ewell accuses Tom Robinson of assaulting her; Tom is defended by the protagonist's father, the best lawyer in Maycomb, Alabama. For 10 points, name this book narrated by Scout, the daughter of Atticus Finch, and written by Harper Lee.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 153 ], [ 154, 289 ], [ 290, 396 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ottoman Empire [or Osmanic Empire; or Osmanion Empire]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This empire arose when the Seljuk sultanate collapsed. It captured the capital of Hungary in 1526 during the Battle of Mohacs (mow-HOTCH).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ottoman_Empire", "proto_id": "5476a089ea23cca905510c1a", "qanta_id": 40605, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This empire arose when the Seljuk sultanate collapsed. It captured the capital of Hungary in 1526 during the Battle of Mohacs (mow-HOTCH). This nation's expansion to Greece and the Balkan Peninsula was followed by the capture of Constantinople in 1453. For 10 points, identify this empire which dissolved in the early 20th century because of the Young Turk revolution and its ill-fated alignment with Germany and Austria-Hungary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 252 ], [ 253, 429 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Frankenstein,} or the {Modern Prometheus}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this work returns home from the University of Ingolstadt to find that Justine Moritz has been accused of his brother William's murder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frankenstein", "proto_id": "5476a089ea23cca905510c21", "qanta_id": 40612, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "The protagonist of this work returns home from the University of Ingolstadt to find that Justine Moritz has been accused of his brother William's murder. The title character, whom Robert Walton discovers in the Arctic in a frame story, had earlier married Elizabeth Lavenza, who was killed on their wedding night. For 10 points, name this Mary Shelley work about a doctor and the monster he creates from dead body parts.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 313 ], [ 314, 420 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ernest Miller Hemingway", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's stories, Harry fights with his wife Helen over a gangrene infection on his leg; that story takes place on a safari.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ernest_Hemingway", "proto_id": "5476a08aea23cca905510c37", "qanta_id": 40634, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one of this author's stories, Harry fights with his wife Helen over a gangrene infection on his leg; that story takes place on a safari. He also wrote a novella about a friend of Manolin and admirer of Joe DiMaggio who fights with sharks on his way back to Havana. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Snows of Kilimanjaro,\" who also wrote about Santiago catching an enormous fish in The Old Man and the Sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 267 ], [ 268, 414 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Qur'an [or Koran]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This text was written down by Sahabas (sah-HAH-bahs) after the death of the leader that received it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quran", "proto_id": "5476a08bea23cca905510c40", "qanta_id": 40643, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This text was written down by Sahabas (sah-HAH-bahs) after the death of the leader that received it. The clarification of the meaning and significance of this document is the practice of tafsir (TAHFSEER). Its hundred and fourteen chapters are called suras (soor-AHS). It literally means \"the recitation\" and is said to have been revealed by Gabriel to Muhammad. For 10 points, what \"divinely ordained\" religious text is sacred to Muslims?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 205 ], [ 206, 268 ], [ 269, 362 ], [ 363, 439 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "People's Republic of China [or PRC; or Zhongguo; or Zhonggua Renmin Gongheguo]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The U.S. Ambassador to this nation, Jon Huntsman, resigned effective April 2011.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "5476a08bea23cca905510c48", "qanta_id": 40651, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The U.S. Ambassador to this nation, Jon Huntsman, resigned effective April 2011. Human rights activists in this country, including the currently-jailed 2010 Nobel Peace Prize winner, have signed Charter 08. Starting in March 2010, Google refused to follow this nation's Internet censorship policies. For 10 points, identify this nation whose current leader, Hu Jintao (hoo jin-\"TAO\"), visited the U.S. in January 2011.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 206 ], [ 207, 299 ], [ 300, 418 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "California", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "In November 2010, this state's voters rejected a proposition legalizing marijuana.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "California", "proto_id": "5476a08cea23cca905510c5c", "qanta_id": 40671, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In November 2010, this state's voters rejected a proposition legalizing marijuana. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals will determine the constitutionality of \"Proposition 8,\" which put a stop to gay marriages in this state. Former HP executive Carly Fiorina (fee-OH-ree-nuh) was defeated by this state's incumbent U.S. Senator, Barbara Boxer, and eBay executive Meg Whitman lost the governor's race to Jerry Brown. For 10 points, name this state formerly headed by Arnold Schwarzenegger.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 223 ], [ 224, 414 ], [ 415, 487 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Hera", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "Most stories hold that this deity, not Athena, blinded the prophet Tiresias (TYE-ree-see-uhs).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hera", "proto_id": "5476a08cea23cca905510c63", "qanta_id": 40678, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "Most stories hold that this deity, not Athena, blinded the prophet Tiresias (TYE-ree-see-uhs). She cursed the nymph Echo to repeat only what others had said. This figure gave birth to Hephaestus (heh- FESS-tuss) and later threw him out of Olympus because of his ugliness. After her husband impregnated Leto (LEE-toh), she refused to let Leto give birth on land. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess and wife of Zeus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 157 ], [ 158, 271 ], [ 272, 361 ], [ 362, 418 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "diffusion", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This process's namesake constant is used in Fick's Law and an explanation of Brownian motion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476a08cea23cca905510c6b", "qanta_id": 40686, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This process's namesake constant is used in Fick's Law and an explanation of Brownian motion. This process is used during respiration to get oxygen into blood, and it then replaces that oxygen with carbon dioxide. It is synonymous with heat conduction, and this process in water is called osmosis. For 10 points, name this process in which the random motion of particles causes them to spread to areas of lower concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 213 ], [ 214, 297 ], [ 298, 425 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Venus", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "Several \"pancake domes\" mark the surface of this body, whose other features include the Gula Mons and Sif Mons mountains.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venus", "proto_id": "5476a08dea23cca905510c86", "qanta_id": 40713, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Several \"pancake domes\" mark the surface of this body, whose other features include the Gula Mons and Sif Mons mountains. The spacecraft Vega 1 and 2 landed on this body. Due to a runaway greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature on this body is over seven hundred degrees Kelvin. For 10 points, name this home of Ishtar Terra, the most similar planet to Earth.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 170 ], [ 171, 289 ], [ 290, 370 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Las Meninas} [accept The {Maids} of {Honor}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "At the bottom right of this painting, a girl steps on a dog, while a nun stands next to a servant.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Las_Meninas", "proto_id": "5476a08eea23cca905510c8f", "qanta_id": 40722, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "At the bottom right of this painting, a girl steps on a dog, while a nun stands next to a servant. In the back, a figure is shown pausing on the stairs and looking at the central group. The king and the queen can be seen in a mirror, and the painter himself is shown holding a paint brush. For 10 points, identify this painting of the Spanish court in which maids surround the Infant Margarita, by Diego Velazquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 185 ], [ 186, 289 ], [ 290, 414 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Russian Federation [or Rossiyskaya Federatsiya]", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This nation's president declared a state of emergency after wildfires hit its western regions in July and August 2010.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "5476a08eea23cca905510c90", "qanta_id": 40723, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This nation's president declared a state of emergency after wildfires hit its western regions in July and August 2010. In June 2010, the United States arrested a SVR spy from this nation, Anna Chapman. In January 2011, this nation's Duma ratified a nuclear arms reduction treaty called New START. For 10 points, name this nation led by Dmitry Medvedev from Moscow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 201 ], [ 202, 296 ], [ 297, 364 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Chinua Achebe [or Albert Chinualumogu Achebe]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's protagonists, Odili, seeks revenge on his former mentor, the Minister of Culture.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chinua_Achebe", "proto_id": "5476a08eea23cca905510ca5", "qanta_id": 40744, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One of this author's protagonists, Odili, seeks revenge on his former mentor, the Minister of Culture. This author asserts that no work of art that \"celebrates dehumanization\" can be considered great in his essay An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness. This author created a character who becomes indebted to the Umuofia Progressive Society after procuring an abortion for Clara in a sequel to a novel in which Christian missionaries come to a Nigerian village. For 10 points, name this author who created clan leader Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 270 ], [ 271, 479 ], [ 480, 565 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "S\u00f8ren [Aabye] Kierkegaard", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker discussed original sin in a work that defines its title concept as the \"dizziness of freedom.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "S\u00f8ren_Kierkegaard", "proto_id": "5476a08fea23cca905510cab", "qanta_id": 40750, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This thinker discussed original sin in a work that defines its title concept as the \"dizziness of freedom.\" Another of his works claims that the Christian notion that individuals can have a personal relationship with God is absurd. This author of The Concept of Anxiety also published a work under the pseudonym Johannes de Silentio that uses Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac to contrast the \"knight of infinite resignation\" and the \"knight of faith.\" For 10 points, name this Danish philosopher who wrote The Sickness Unto Death and Fear and Trembling.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 231 ], [ 232, 446 ], [ 446, 549 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "speed of light [prompt on c before mention]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Electromagnetic radiation pressure is inversely proportional to this quantity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Speed_of_light", "proto_id": "5476a08fea23cca905510cad", "qanta_id": 40752, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Electromagnetic radiation pressure is inversely proportional to this quantity. The Lorentz factor can be found using an object's velocity and this quantity. Cherenkov radiation results when this value is exceeded, and its value through a particular medium constitutes a material's refractive index. The special theory of relativity states that this value is constant in all frames. Einstein proposed that energy is equal to mass times this quantity squared. For 10 points, name this quantity that is equal to about three million meters per second in a vacuum, often denoted c.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 156 ], [ 157, 298 ], [ 299, 381 ], [ 382, 457 ], [ 458, 576 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Italy", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The failed 1964 Piano Solo plot targeted the ruler of this country, which suffered through a period of political instability during which the Red Brigades kidnapped and murdered its Prime Minister, known as the Years of Lead.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italy", "proto_id": "5476a08fea23cca905510cb7", "qanta_id": 40762, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "The failed 1964 Piano Solo plot targeted the ruler of this country, which suffered through a period of political instability during which the Red Brigades kidnapped and murdered its Prime Minister, known as the Years of Lead. A constitutional referendum in this nation ended the House of Savoy's monarchy and created the First Republic in 1946. This country occupied Addis Ababa before annexing Ethiopia in 1936. For 10 points, name this country ruled during World War II by fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 225 ], [ 226, 344 ], [ 345, 412 ], [ 413, 509 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "George Gershwin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man abandoned his project of composing an opera based on S. Ansky's play The Dybbuk.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Gershwin", "proto_id": "5476a08fea23cca905510cbd", "qanta_id": 40768, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "This man abandoned his project of composing an opera based on S. Ansky's play The Dybbuk. He composed a stage work based on a novel by DuBose Heyward. Joseph Vass claims that this man based one tune from that work on the melody of Avinu Malkeinu, although the singer of that song is dismissive of \"things that you're liable to read in the Bible.\" Besides the song \"It Ain't Necessarily So,\" that work by this composer contains the songs \"Oh, Doctor Jesus,\" \"I Got Plenty o' Nuttin',\" and \"Summertime.\" For 10 points, name this composer of Porgy and Bess.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 150 ], [ 151, 346 ], [ 347, 438 ], [ 438, 463 ], [ 464, 501 ], [ 502, 554 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Walt Whitman [or Walter Whitman]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one poem by this author, the speaker glorifies \"the mechanics,\" \"the carpenter,\" and other workers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walt_Whitman", "proto_id": "5476a090ea23cca905510ccc", "qanta_id": 40783, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one poem by this author, the speaker glorifies \"the mechanics,\" \"the carpenter,\" and other workers. In another poem by this author of \"I Hear America Singing,\" the speaker laments the loss of a man who \"lies/fallen cold and dead.\" That poem was written about Abraham Lincoln, who also inspired this man's elegy \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd.\" This author also wrote a poem that begins, \"I celebrate myself, and sing myself.\" For 10 points, name this poet whose \"O Captain! My Captain!\" and \"Song of Myself\" are in his collection Leaves of Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 233 ], [ 234, 356 ], [ 356, 357 ], [ 358, 439 ], [ 440, 487 ], [ 488, 500 ], [ 501, 560 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "benzene [or C6H6 before read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One derivative of this compound is used with chloroform to extract DNA.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benzene", "proto_id": "5476a090ea23cca905510cd4", "qanta_id": 40791, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One derivative of this compound is used with chloroform to extract DNA. This compound is reacted with sodium and an alcohol to yield 1,4-cyclohexadiene in the Birch reduction. Two molecules of this compound can fuse to form naphthalene. This compound contains resonance structures of alternating single and double bonds as predicted by August Kekule. Adding a methyl group to this compound creates toluene while adding a hydroxide to it creates phenol. For 10 points, name this simplest aromatic hydrocarbon with formula C6H6.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 175 ], [ 176, 236 ], [ 237, 350 ], [ 351, 452 ], [ 453, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Eugene [Gladstone] O'Neill", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one play by this author, a female character carries on an affair with a Polynesian man named Avihenna.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "5476a090ea23cca905510cd9", "qanta_id": 40796, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one play by this author, a female character carries on an affair with a Polynesian man named Avihenna. He wrote a work in which brother and sister Peter and Hazel become engaged to Lavinia and Oren. In another play by this author, in which Don Parritt commits suicides, characters like Piet Wetjoen, Larry Slade, and Jimmy Tomorrow voice their \"pipe dreams\" as they gather in Harry Hope's bar. Christine Mannon poisons her husband Ezra in another play by this author. For 10 points, name this author of The Iceman Cometh and Mourning Becomes Elcetra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 201 ], [ 202, 396 ], [ 397, 470 ], [ 471, 553 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "titration", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This process is used to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen in water samples in the last step of the Winkler test.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Titration", "proto_id": "5476a091ea23cca905510ce0", "qanta_id": 40803, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This process is used to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen in water samples in the last step of the Winkler test. This process can be used to find the point of flocculation of a colloid in the zeta potential type. The reaction between iodine and sulfur dioxide is used in the Karl Fischer form of this process, another form of which utilizes phenolphthalein and other indicators to find the equivalence point. For 10 points, name this technique in which a burette is used to slowly add a known solution to determine the concentration of an unknown one.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 219 ], [ 220, 415 ], [ 416, 558 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "the hajj [prompt on pilgrimage to Mecca; accept Umrah before \"stoning the Devil\"]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The first version of this rite was described as \"compensatory\" in a chapter of The Sealed Nectar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hajj", "proto_id": "5476a091ea23cca905510ce1", "qanta_id": 40804, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The first version of this rite was described as \"compensatory\" in a chapter of The Sealed Nectar. Participants in this rite stay at Mina. At the conclusion of this rite, participants say a tawaf and sa'i before shaving their heads. Requirements of this rite include stoning the Devil and traveling to Mt. Arafat for a day of prayer called Wuquf. Men undergoing this rite must wear the ihram, and its central action involves circling the Kaaba seven times. For 10 points, name this fifth pillar of Islam, a pilgrimage to Mecca.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 137 ], [ 138, 231 ], [ 232, 345 ], [ 346, 455 ], [ 456, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of India", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One poet from this country wrote a work that begins \"thou hast made me endless, such is thy pleasure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "India", "proto_id": "5476a091ea23cca905510cea", "qanta_id": 40813, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One poet from this country wrote a work that begins \"thou hast made me endless, such is thy pleasure.\" One novel from this country begins with a famed actor and a voiceover artist surviving an airplane explosion and becoming an archangel and the devil, respectively. Another novel from this nation follows a clairvoyant protagonist who was born at the exact moment this nation was partitioned in two. For 10 points, name this nation, the home of Gitanjali author Rabindranath Tagore and the novelist behind The Satanic Verses and Midnight's Children, Salman Rushdie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 101, 102 ], [ 103, 266 ], [ 267, 400 ], [ 401, 566 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Max Weber [or Karl Emil Maximilian Weber]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of his lectures, this thinker stated that the \"entrepreneur\" is as \"little dispensable\" as a doctor and defined a state as the entity with a \"monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Max_Weber", "proto_id": "5476a092ea23cca905510cf7", "qanta_id": 40826, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In one of his lectures, this thinker stated that the \"entrepreneur\" is as \"little dispensable\" as a doctor and defined a state as the entity with a \"monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force.\" This author of Politics as a Vocation stressed the importance of \"charisma\" in leaders. He contrasted Jacob Fugger's ideas with Benjamin Franklin's in a work that claims that the title concept and \"vocational calling\" were forces behind the growth of the title economic system. For 10 points, name this German sociologist who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 287 ], [ 288, 477 ], [ 478, 582 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Giuseppe Verdi [or Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this man sees Zaccaria sing \"Vieni, o Levita\" accompanied by six solo cellos in Act II, in which the title character asserts he is a king and a god. \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Verdi", "proto_id": "5476a092ea23cca905510cfe", "qanta_id": 40833, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "One work by this man sees Zaccaria sing \"Vieni, o Levita\" accompanied by six solo cellos in Act II, in which the title character asserts he is a king and a god. \"Va, pensiero\" is sung by a chorus of Hebrew slaves in Nabucco, an opera by this composer, who had the title character's cabaletta \"Sempre libera\" interrupted by Alfredo's love theme in another opera. He composed the aria \"La Donna e mobile\" for an opera in which the title jester has his own daughter killed instead of the Duke of Mantua. For 10 points, name this composer of La traviata and Rigoletto.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 162, 361 ], [ 362, 500 ], [ 501, 564 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Margaret [Eleanor] Atwood", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Elaine Risley's marble titles one novel by this author, who recently published a novel about trapeze artist Ren titled The Year of the Flood.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Atwood", "proto_id": "5476a094ea23cca905510d25", "qanta_id": 40872, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Elaine Risley's marble titles one novel by this author, who recently published a novel about trapeze artist Ren titled The Year of the Flood. This author of Cat's Eye wrote a novel in which Iris Chase's sister commits suicide. In another novel by this author, the Commander's sexual assignee plays Scrabble and befriends Moira. That novel by this author centers on Offred, who lives in the dystopian Republic of Gilead. For 10 points, name this Canadian author of The Blind Assassin and The Handmaid's Tale.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 226 ], [ 227, 327 ], [ 328, 419 ], [ 420, 507 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "mass [prompt on m; do not accept \"weight\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The transfer of this property due to surface tension is known as the Marangoni effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mass", "proto_id": "5476a094ea23cca905510d28", "qanta_id": 40875, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The transfer of this property due to surface tension is known as the Marangoni effect. Wiezsacker's formula can be used to calculate this quantity for an atomic nucleus. The principle of equivalence maintains that the inertial and gravitational forms of this quantity are equal. Kinetic energy can be calculated by multiplying this quantity by velocity squared. Momentum divided by velocity is equal to this quantity, which is multiplied by acceleration to yield force. For 10 points, name this quantity, the amount of matter in an object, which is measured in kilograms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 169 ], [ 170, 278 ], [ 279, 361 ], [ 362, 469 ], [ 470, 571 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Catherine the Great [or Catherine II; prompt on Catherine]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This leader smashed the Ottoman Empire at the battle of Chesma, eventually taking Azov and the Crimea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catherine_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476a094ea23cca905510d29", "qanta_id": 40876, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This leader smashed the Ottoman Empire at the battle of Chesma, eventually taking Azov and the Crimea. After placing Stanislaw Poniatowski on the Polish throne, this protector of the Union of Lublin founded Hermitage Museum. This leader, who offered asylum to Denis Diderot so that he could finish his encyclopedia, took such men as Prince Zubov and Count Orlov as lovers. For 10 points, name this German-born enlightened despot who led the Russian Empire for 32 years.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 224 ], [ 225, 372 ], [ 373, 469 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "apoptosis [or programmed cell death/suicide before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This process can be triggered by a TNF-family protein known as the Fas ligand.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apoptosis", "proto_id": "5476a094ea23cca905510d33", "qanta_id": 40886, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "This process can be triggered by a TNF-family protein known as the Fas ligand. This process occurs exactly 131 times in the normal development of C. elegans, in which it is most commonly triggered by the ced-3 or ced-4 proteins. In humans, this process is mediated by the \"tumor suppressor gene.\" When irreparable DNA damage occurs, the p53 protein can initiate this process to prevent the mutations from being passed on. For 10 points, name this process of programmed cell suicide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 228 ], [ 229, 295 ], [ 295, 421 ], [ 422, 482 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Odin [or Wotan]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This figure, posing as Grimnir, was hung between two fires and given a drink by Agnar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odin", "proto_id": "5476a094ea23cca905510d3d", "qanta_id": 40896, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This figure, posing as Grimnir, was hung between two fires and given a drink by Agnar. In one story, he disguised himself as Bolverk and made a deal with Baugi. The ravens Huginn and Muninn rested upon his shoulders. This God's steed was fathered by Svaldifari, and had eight legs. This figure possessed the horse Sleipnir, the magic ring Draupnir, and the magic spear Gungnir. For 10 points, name this one-eyed god who retrieved the poetic mead for the gods and will be killed by Fenrir at Ragnarok, the Allfather of Norse Mythology.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 160 ], [ 161, 216 ], [ 217, 281 ], [ 282, 377 ], [ 378, 534 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of {Spain} [or Reino de {Espa\u00f1a}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One author from this country first created a character that Pushkin called the \"stone guest.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "5476a095ea23cca905510d40", "qanta_id": 40899, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "One author from this country first created a character that Pushkin called the \"stone guest.\" Another author from this country created a jester named Tristan who pretends to be a Greek merchant in a play that compares Diana of Belflor to the title animal. In another play from this country, Prince Sigismund is locked in a tower, where he imagines that his waking life is not real. For 10 points, name this country that produced the authors of The Dog in the Manger and Life is a Dream, Lope de Vega and Calderon de la Barca.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 255 ], [ 256, 381 ], [ 382, 525 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "hemoglobin [do not accept \"myoglobin\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This protein's affinity for certain substrates is decreased by 2,3-biphospho-glycerate, a result exacerbated by acidic environments in effect named for Bohr.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hemoglobin", "proto_id": "5476a095ea23cca905510d42", "qanta_id": 40901, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "This protein's affinity for certain substrates is decreased by 2,3-biphospho-glycerate, a result exacerbated by acidic environments in effect named for Bohr. The Gower type of this protein is found in embryos. A mutation in this protein occurs when glutamic acid is replaced by valine. This protein's structure consists of a porphyrin ring with a central metal atom. The mutation of this protein causes sickle-cell anemia. For 10 points, name this iron-containing protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 209 ], [ 210, 285 ], [ 286, 366 ], [ 367, 422 ], [ 423, 537 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Poland", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this country, the Bar Confederation opposed foreign rulers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poland", "proto_id": "5476a095ea23cca905510d48", "qanta_id": 40907, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "In this country, the Bar Confederation opposed foreign rulers. The first historical leader of this nation, Mieszko I, founded the Piast dynasty and was baptized in 966. Under the Jagiellon dynasty, this nation helped repel an Ottoman invasion into Europe under John III Sobieski. This country's Sanacja movement deposed Josep Pilsudski. The 1569 Union of Lublin joined this nation with Lithuania. For 10 points, name this country that underwent partitions and was invaded by Hitler in 1939.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 168 ], [ 169, 279 ], [ 280, 336 ], [ 337, 396 ], [ 397, 490 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Edgar Allan Poe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one poem by this author, the title character's beauty is compared to \"Nicean barks of yore\" and brings the speaker back \"to the glory that was Greece, and the grandeur that was Rome.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edgar_Allan_Poe", "proto_id": "5476a095ea23cca905510d55", "qanta_id": 40920, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one poem by this author, the title character's beauty is compared to \"Nicean barks of yore\" and brings the speaker back \"to the glory that was Greece, and the grandeur that was Rome.\" One short story by this author of \"To Helen\" sees its narrator, a man punished by the Inquisition, in a completely dark room with a massive hole in the center. In a poem by this author, the title figure repeats \"nevermore.\" For 10 points, name this American author who wrote \"The Pit and the Pendulum\" and the poem \"The Raven.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 185, 186 ], [ 187, 346 ], [ 347, 410 ], [ 411, 514 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet described how the seasons were \"changeless since the day she died\" in a sonnet dedicated to his wife, who perished from burns suffered in a fireplace accident.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow", "proto_id": "5476a095ea23cca905510d58", "qanta_id": 40923, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This poet described how the seasons were \"changeless since the day she died\" in a sonnet dedicated to his wife, who perished from burns suffered in a fireplace accident. This poet created a character who pauses at gravestones to see if they contain the remains of her lover Gabriel in a work that begins \"this is the forest primeval.\" Another character created by this poet is Nokomis, whose wigwam stands by the shores of Gitche Gumee. For 10 points, name this American poet of Evangeline who created Minnehaha in The Song of Hiawatha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 334 ], [ 335, 436 ], [ 437, 536 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Daoism [or Taoism]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This religion was founded by a philosopher who wrote a text emphasizing three \"jewels\" or \"treasures,\" basic virtues sometimes translated as Compassion, Moderation and Humility.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Taoism", "proto_id": "5476a096ea23cca905510d5a", "qanta_id": 40925, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This religion was founded by a philosopher who wrote a text emphasizing three \"jewels\" or \"treasures,\" basic virtues sometimes translated as Compassion, Moderation and Humility. Its founder is portrayed alongside Confucius and the Buddha in the painting \"The Vinegar Tasters.\" Its symbols include the Taijitu, which represents Yin and Yang. Its pantheon includes the Jade Emperor and its founder Lao Tzu. For 10 points, name this Chinese religion and philosophical school whose name means \"way\" or \"path.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 275 ], [ 275, 340 ], [ 341, 404 ], [ 405, 505 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Thebes", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A battle at this place saw Capaneus struck by a thunderbolt after boasting that Zeus could not stop him from burning it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thebes,_Greece", "proto_id": "5476a163ea23cca905510daf", "qanta_id": 41010, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "A battle at this place saw Capaneus struck by a thunderbolt after boasting that Zeus could not stop him from burning it. Two eventual conquerors of this city murdered their mother Eriphyle for accepting a bribe. Amphion and Zethus jointly ruled this city, whose first queen was transformed into a snake along with its founder and owned a cursed necklace. The Phoenician founder of this city had abandoned his search for Europa and followed a cow to this place before killing a dragon and sewing its teeth in the ground. For 10 points, name this city ruled by Cadmus and Oedipus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 211 ], [ 212, 354 ], [ 355, 519 ], [ 520, 578 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ezra Weston Loomis Pound", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote \"their buried bodies / Be an unlikely treasure hoard\" in an interpretive translation of the Old English poem \"The Seafarer.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ezra_Pound", "proto_id": "5476a164ea23cca905510db9", "qanta_id": 41020, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This poet wrote \"their buried bodies / Be an unlikely treasure hoard\" in an interpretive translation of the Old English poem \"The Seafarer.\" In another poem, he parodied the PRB in the section \"Yeux Glaques,\" attacked Henry James as \"Mr. Nixon,\" and described a previous version of himself whose \"true Penelope was Flaubert.\" This man heavily edited \"The Waste Land,\" which is dedicated to him. This author of \"Hugh Selwyn Mauberley\" described \"The apparition of these faces in the crowd\" in the short poem \"In a Station of the Metro.\" For 10 points, name this modernist poet, an American expatriate who supported fascism and wrote The Cantos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 324 ], [ 324, 394 ], [ 395, 508 ], [ 508, 534 ], [ 534, 643 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "magnetic field [or B]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This entity is crossed with a particle's velocity in the equation for the Lorentz force.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Magnetic_field", "proto_id": "5476a164ea23cca905510dbe", "qanta_id": 41025, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This entity is crossed with a particle's velocity in the equation for the Lorentz force. One law that gives the strength of this entity was modified to include the partial time derivative of the displacement field. The curl of this entity is equal to permeability of free space times the current density. Silver atoms were fired through an inhomogeneous version of this entity in the Stern-Gerlach experiment. This entity cannot be created by monopoles according to Gauss' law. Created by electrical currents, the strength of this entity is given by the Bios-Savart (Bee-oh Suh-var) law and Ampere's law. For 10 points, name this counterpart of the electric field, symbolized B.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 214 ], [ 215, 304 ], [ 305, 409 ], [ 410, 477 ], [ 478, 604 ], [ 605, 678 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" [or \"Prufrock\"]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poem alludes to \"To His Coy Mistress\" with lines like \"and indeed there will be time\" and \"to have squeezed the universe into a ball,\" and refers to the story of John the Baptist when its speaker claims to have seen his head \"brought in upon a platter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Love_Song_of_J._Alfred_Prufrock", "proto_id": "5476a165ea23cca905510dcc", "qanta_id": 41039, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This poem alludes to \"To His Coy Mistress\" with lines like \"and indeed there will be time\" and \"to have squeezed the universe into a ball,\" and refers to the story of John the Baptist when its speaker claims to have seen his head \"brought in upon a platter.\" The speaker of this poem states, \"I should have been a pair of ragged claws / Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.\" This poem's hesitant speaker says that he is \"not Prince Hamlet\" and asks questions such as \"Do I dare to eat a peach?\" and \"Do I dare disturb the universe?\" For 10 points, \"women come and go, talking of Michelangelo\" in what poem by T.S. Eliot?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 257 ], [ 257, 380 ], [ 380, 539 ], [ 540, 627 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Jean Piaget", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's experiments, subjects are asked which of two differently-spaced rows of the same number of pennies contains more coins.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Piaget", "proto_id": "5476a165ea23cca905510de1", "qanta_id": 41060, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In one of this man's experiments, subjects are asked which of two differently-spaced rows of the same number of pennies contains more coins. This thinker argued that his subjects used \"schemata\" to interpret the world, and, when faced with new information, had the dual options of \"assimilation\" and \"accommodation.\" This developer of \"genetic epistemology\" described the beginning of egocentrism and the development of object permanence in outlining a theory that includes formal operational and sensorimotor stages. For 10 points, name this Swiss psychologist, who outlined a four-stage model of development.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 316 ], [ 317, 517 ], [ 518, 610 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Eugene Delacroix", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man depicted an artist leaning on his elbow next to an unfinished Pieta in his Michelangelo in His Studio.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "5476a166ea23cca905510de3", "qanta_id": 41062, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This man depicted an artist leaning on his elbow next to an unfinished Pieta in his Michelangelo in His Studio. One of his paintings shows the title animal attacking the leg of a rearing horse, while another is set in a palace where concubines are being murdered in preparation for the title event. This creator of Tiger Hunt and Death of Sardanapalus is best remembered for a painting featuring a small boy pointing a gun at the sky while the title character stands on a pile of bodies and waves the French flag. For 10 points, name this artist who created Liberty Leading the People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 298 ], [ 299, 513 ], [ 514, 585 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Yom Kippur [accept Day of Atonement early]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The korbanot that takes place on this day is described in detail in the Musaf prayer at the Avodah service given by the High Priest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yom_Kippur", "proto_id": "5476a166ea23cca905510df8", "qanta_id": 41083, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The korbanot that takes place on this day is described in detail in the Musaf prayer at the Avodah service given by the High Priest. During evening prayers on this day, married men wear a white robe called a kittel. On the eve of this holiday, celebrators recite in Aramaic the renouncement of all personal vows made during the coming year. The entirety of the Book of Jonah is read during this holiday, after which a recitation of the Shema Yisrael concludes the evening services. The Kol Nidre is recited during this holiday, whose five prohibitions include the wearing of leather shoes. For 10 points, name this Jewish holiday observed on the 10th of Tishrei, known as the Day of Atonement.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 215 ], [ 216, 340 ], [ 341, 481 ], [ 482, 589 ], [ 590, 693 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Apollo", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This god's association with disease led to confusion in interpreting this god's epithet Smintheus, and this god sent the plague that swept through the Greek camp when Agamemnon initially refused to return Chryseis to her father.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apollo", "proto_id": "5476a167ea23cca905510dfb", "qanta_id": 41086, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This god's association with disease led to confusion in interpreting this god's epithet Smintheus, and this god sent the plague that swept through the Greek camp when Agamemnon initially refused to return Chryseis to her father. This god killed some Cyclopes in retaliation for the death of his son with Coronis, who had been struck down by Zeus for trying to raise Hippolytus from the dead. After mocking Eros' arrows, this god fell in love with the daughter of Peneus and pursued her until she turned into a laurel tree. For 10 points, name this figure who fathered Asclepius and pursued the nymph Daphne, the Greek god of prophecy, light, and music.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 228 ], [ 229, 391 ], [ 392, 522 ], [ 523, 652 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Spain", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The national government in this country is forcing the seventeen autonomous regions to drastically cut spending.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "5476a167ea23cca905510e00", "qanta_id": 41091, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The national government in this country is forcing the seventeen autonomous regions to drastically cut spending. Its Cajas required a bailout from its government, and in 2011 the People's Party won a majority in parliament. It has requested a bailout from the ECB, primarily because of its banks. The prime minister of this country is Mariano Rajoy, who took power after its Socialist Party under Rodriguez Zapatero enacted harsh austerity cuts. For 10 points, name this southern European country with capital at Madrid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 223 ], [ 224, 296 ], [ 297, 445 ], [ 446, 520 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Cry, the Beloved Country", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel is often referred to as umfundisi, a respectful title.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "5476a167ea23cca905510e04", "qanta_id": 41095, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The protagonist of this novel is often referred to as umfundisi, a respectful title. Minor characters in this novel include Dubula and Tomlinson, who are powerful politicians working with the protagonist's brother John. The protagonist of this novel is given lodging by Mrs. Lithebe when he journeys to a faraway city to help his sister Gertrude, after receiving a summons from the minister Theophilus Msimangu. In this novel, James Jarvis helps rebuild the village of Ixopo after his son is accidentally killed by Absalom, who is executed. For 10 points, Stephen Kumalo travels to Johannesburg in what novel by Alan Paton?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 219 ], [ 220, 411 ], [ 412, 540 ], [ 541, 623 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one cartoon, this man is depicted carrying the sword of \"preparedness\" as he casts off the wings of \"pacifism.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Einstein", "proto_id": "5476a167ea23cca905510e0d", "qanta_id": 41104, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one cartoon, this man is depicted carrying the sword of \"preparedness\" as he casts off the wings of \"pacifism.\" This founder of the International Rescue Committee co-signed a manifesto with Bertrand Russell opposing the use of nuclear weapons. After the death of Chaim Weizmann, this man was offered the presidency of Israel. This man told his friend Linus Pauling that his biggest regret was signing a letter written by Leo Szilard and addressed to Franklin D. Roosevelt, which helped lead to the Manhattan Project. For 10 points, name this scientist who developed the theory of relativity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 246 ], [ 247, 328 ], [ 329, 519 ], [ 520, 594 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Immanuel Kant", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man argued that the \"Prime Mover\" proof of God's existence contradicted itself by requiring a priori knowledge based on sense experience.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "5476a167ea23cca905510e11", "qanta_id": 41108, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This man argued that the \"Prime Mover\" proof of God's existence contradicted itself by requiring a priori knowledge based on sense experience. One of this man's works outlines a federation of free states, a law of universal hospitality, and republicanism as requirements for the title international condition. This author of \"Perpetual Peace\" offered mathematics as an example of synthetic judgments that are still a priori in a work rejecting the empiricism of David Hume, who woke this thinker from his \"dogmatic slumbers.\" For 10 points, name this German deontological philosopher behind the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals and the Critique of Pure Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 309 ], [ 310, 524 ], [ 524, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "copper", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This element is used as a catalyst in the Sandmeyer reaction, and is combined with zinc to catalyze the Simmons-Smith reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Copper", "proto_id": "5476a168ea23cca905510e1d", "qanta_id": 41120, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This element is used as a catalyst in the Sandmeyer reaction, and is combined with zinc to catalyze the Simmons-Smith reaction. This element and zinc are cofactors in superoxide dismutase. This element can be extracted from chalcocite by reacting it with oxygen gas, which creates sulfur dioxide. When in its +1 oxidation state, an atom of this element has a filled 3d orbital and an empty 4s orbital. This element accumulates in the body in Wilson's disease. With zinc, this element forms brass, and with tin, it forms bronze. For 10 points, name this transition metal with atomic number 29 and symbol Cu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 188 ], [ 189, 296 ], [ 297, 401 ], [ 402, 459 ], [ 460, 527 ], [ 528, 606 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Edvard Grieg", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer's String Quartet in G minor ends with a saltarello final movement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "5476a168ea23cca905510e2a", "qanta_id": 41133, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer's String Quartet in G minor ends with a saltarello final movement. This composer wrote a piano concerto that begins with a drumroll followed by descending notes by the soloist, and that was based off Schumann's work in the same key of A minor. This composer created an orchestral suite out of several works, such as \"Gangar\" and \"March of the Dwarves,\" which were originally from a group of sixty-six works called the Lyric Pieces. This composer's most famous work includes pieces such as \"Anitra's Dance\" and \"In the Hall of the Mountain King.\" For 10 points, name the Norwegian composer of Peer Gynt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 257 ], [ 258, 445 ], [ 446, 558 ], [ 558, 616 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Crime and Punishment", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel pretends to lend another a ten-ruble note while actually planting a hundred-ruble note on her.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Crime_and_Punishment", "proto_id": "5476a16aea23cca905510e47", "qanta_id": 41162, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "One character in this novel pretends to lend another a ten-ruble note while actually planting a hundred-ruble note on her. One character in this novel states that he is \"going to America\" before shooting himself on a bridge, while another character from this novel dreams of a pack of drunkards beating a horse to death. Characters in this novel include the alcoholic Marmeladov, his wife Katerina Ivanovna and their daughter Sonya, the prostitute to whom the protagonist confesses his murder of a pawnbroker, eventually serving an eight-year prison term in Siberia. For 10 points, identify this novel about the existential quandary of Raskolnikov, written by Fyodor Dostoyevsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 320 ], [ 321, 566 ], [ 567, 679 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work tells a story from his schoolboy days about a classmate who orders \"bergin and water\" at a bar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Who's_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf?", "proto_id": "5476a16aea23cca905510e49", "qanta_id": 41164, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One character in this work tells a story from his schoolboy days about a classmate who orders \"bergin and water\" at a bar. Another character from this play is described as a \"mousy\" girl who screams \"violence, violence!\" One character in this play kills off his son by pretending to receive a telegram about his death in a porcupine-induced car accident. Games suggested by characters in this play include \"Hump the Hostess\" and \"Get the Guests,\" and this play centers on a dysfunctional couple who invite the younger Nick and Honey to their house after a faculty party. For 10 points, identify this play about an evening at George and Martha's household by Edward Albee.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 220 ], [ 221, 354 ], [ 355, 570 ], [ 571, 671 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Sergey Sergeyevich Prokofiev", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer's ninth piano sonata, written for Sviatoslav Richter, debuted around the same time as his sixth symphony.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "5476a16aea23cca905510e51", "qanta_id": 41172, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer's ninth piano sonata, written for Sviatoslav Richter, debuted around the same time as his sixth symphony. Another composition by this man was turned into a suite from a ballet and contains movements depicting an Evil God and pagan monsters. A failed collaboration with Sergei Diaghilev resulted in that work, the Scythian Suite. He included the \"Dance of the Knights\" in a work about the Montagues and Capulets. Kettle drums imitate the hunters' guns, and French horns represent the title animal, in a work this man composed for children. For 10 points, name this composer of Romeo and Juliet and Peter and the Wolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 254 ], [ 255, 342 ], [ 343, 425 ], [ 426, 552 ], [ 553, 630 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Artemis [or Diana]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this figure's followers named Taygete was changed into a doe after she was raped by Zeus, and Buphagus was killed for thinking about raping this goddess.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Artemis", "proto_id": "5476a16aea23cca905510e52", "qanta_id": 41173, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "One of this figure's followers named Taygete was changed into a doe after she was raped by Zeus, and Buphagus was killed for thinking about raping this goddess. This figure changed Meleager's sisters into guinea fowl after his death and rescued Iphigenia from being sacrificed at Aulis. Because Oeneus failed to sacrifice to this goddess, she sent the Calydonian Boar to ravage his lands. This goddess was bathing on Mt. Cithaeron when a hunter stumbled in on her, for which she punished him by changing him into a deer and having him eaten by his own hounds. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of the hunt and the moon, a daughter of Leto and twin sister of Apollo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 286 ], [ 287, 388 ], [ 389, 559 ], [ 560, 670 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Federative Republic of Brazil", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One architect from this country won the 2006 Pritzker Prize and designed the Museum of Sculpture and the Patriarch Plaza in his home town.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "5476a16aea23cca905510e5b", "qanta_id": 41182, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "One architect from this country won the 2006 Pritzker Prize and designed the Museum of Sculpture and the Patriarch Plaza in his home town. Another architect from this country used a long ramp leading up to a circular building in his design of an art museum in Niter\u00f3i and collaborated with Le Corbusier in designing the UN Headquarters in New York. Another architect from this country, Lucio Costa, organized one city in this country in the shape of a cross or an airplane. Many of that city's buildings, such as a cathedral designed with sixteen hyperbolic columns, were designed by man behind the Pampulha project, Oscar Niemeyer. For 10 points, name this large South American country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 348 ], [ 349, 473 ], [ 474, 632 ], [ 633, 687 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Battle of Gettysburg", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "During this battle, Daniel Sickles' Third Corps was overwhelmed by James Longstreet as it defended the Peach Orchard and the Wheat Field.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Gettysburg", "proto_id": "5476a16aea23cca905510e5c", "qanta_id": 41183, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "During this battle, Daniel Sickles' Third Corps was overwhelmed by James Longstreet as it defended the Peach Orchard and the Wheat Field. On the first day of this battle, Harry Heth's division clashed with dismounted cavalry under John Buford before reinforcements under John Reynolds arrived. Edward Everett gave a two-hour speech at the site of this battle. On the second day of this battle, a bayonet charge by Joseph Chamberlain ended the successful defense of Little Round Top. The final day of this battle featured Pickett's Charge. For 10 points, name this \"high water mark of the Confederacy,\" a July 1863 Civil War battle fought in Pennsylvania.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 293 ], [ 294, 359 ], [ 360, 482 ], [ 483, 538 ], [ 539, 654 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "capacitor [accept condenser]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Trouton-Noble experiment found that a freely suspended one of these devices orients itself perpendicular to the motion of the Earth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Capacitor", "proto_id": "5476a16bea23cca905510e66", "qanta_id": 41193, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The Trouton-Noble experiment found that a freely suspended one of these devices orients itself perpendicular to the motion of the Earth. An op-amp connected to a pair of resistors and one of these devices creates a gyrator. For a spherical type of this device, one quantity equals four pi epsilon-nought over the difference of the reciprocals of the inner and outer radii. The namesake property of these devices is altered with the addition of a dielectric, and is defined as charge over voltage and is measured in Farads. For 10 points, name these devices that store charge, usually in the form of two parallel plates.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 223 ], [ 224, 372 ], [ 373, 522 ], [ 523, 619 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Catherine the Great [Accept Catherine II or Sophia of Anhalt-Zerbst until read]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One rebellion during this ruler's reign was partially put down by Peter Panin following the Battle of Kazan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catherine_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476a16bea23cca905510e71", "qanta_id": 41204, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "One rebellion during this ruler's reign was partially put down by Peter Panin following the Battle of Kazan. This monarch issued the Nakaz and established the Hermitage museum. This monarch was called the \"star of the north\" and supported Stanislaw Poniatowski. Having gained power after the assassination of Peter III, this monarch made a deal with Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great to partition Poland. Advisors to this monarch included Gregory Orlov and Gregory Potemkin. This woman was a patron of both Diderot and Voltaire. For 10 points, name this \"enlightened\" tsaritsa of Russia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 176 ], [ 177, 261 ], [ 262, 408 ], [ 409, 478 ], [ 479, 532 ], [ 533, 591 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Druze", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The initiates of this faith are called The Knowers, or uqqal, and they are the only ones with access to this religion's holy texts, The Instruction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Druze", "proto_id": "5476a16cea23cca905510e8d", "qanta_id": 41232, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The initiates of this faith are called The Knowers, or uqqal, and they are the only ones with access to this religion's holy texts, The Instruction. Although this religion eschews ritual and ceremony, its adherents revere the tombs of Sabalan and Jethro as holy sites. Founded during the caliphate of al-Hakim, this faith is symbolized by a five-pointed star of green, yellow, red, white, and blue. After a feud with the Maronite Christians, many members of this faith moved to Mt. Hauran in Syria. For 10 points, identify this monotheistic religion that grew out of Islam and is practiced in Israel, Lebanon, and Syria.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 268 ], [ 269, 398 ], [ 399, 498 ], [ 499, 620 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Antonin Leopold Dvorak", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer's 12th string quartet includes the birdsong of a scarlet tanager and begins with a viola introducing a theme while the first and second violin play repeated 16th notes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton\u00edn_Dvo\u0159\u00e1k", "proto_id": "5476a16eea23cca905510eb8", "qanta_id": 41275, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer's 12th string quartet includes the birdsong of a scarlet tanager and begins with a viola introducing a theme while the first and second violin play repeated 16th notes. This man composed a tone poem in which a young lady has her hands, feet, and eyes removed; that piece is The Golden Spinning Wheel. In addition to writing the \"American\" string quartet, this composer wrote a symphony that inspired the song \"Going Home\" and was based off African-American spirituals. For 10 points, name this Czech composer of Symphony No. 9 \"From the New World.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 314 ], [ 315, 482 ], [ 483, 562 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Friedrich August von Hayek", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker distinguished between the development of goods across time and goods in various stages of production in 3-dimensional diagrams, which proved confusing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Hayek", "proto_id": "5476a171ea23cca905510f00", "qanta_id": 41347, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This thinker distinguished between the development of goods across time and goods in various stages of production in 3-dimensional diagrams, which proved confusing. He wrote a three-volume work whose sections included The Mirage of Social Justice and The Political Order of a Free People. He argued that a certain form of government \"cannot possibly do what it promises\" in The Fatal Conceit. He said that a desirable society should have a market with \"spontaneous order\" that emerges when people do what they want within a legal framework, which he called catallaxy. In one work, this author of Law, Legislation, and Liberty and The Pure Theory of Capital argued that central planning leads societies down the title path eroding personal freedom. For 10 points, name this Austrian-born economist who wrote The Road to Serfdom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 288 ], [ 289, 392 ], [ 393, 567 ], [ 568, 747 ], [ 748, 827 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ganesha", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After being picked up and thrown to the ground by this figure, one of his enemies vomits blood and is granted mercy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ganesha", "proto_id": "5476a172ea23cca905510f20", "qanta_id": 41379, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "After being picked up and thrown to the ground by this figure, one of his enemies vomits blood and is granted mercy. This figure once slashed the face of the moon because it laughed when a snake frightened his mount, throwing him to the ground and causing the food in his stomach to spill out. This figure walked around his parents three times in order to win a race around the world, because according to him, his parents were the world. This husband of Siddhi and Buddhi rode on a mouse and suffered an injury inflicted by his uncle Sani, although in another account it was his father who attacked him with his third eye for preventing entry into a room where his mother was taking a bath. For 10 points, name this Hindu remover of obstacles, the son of Parvati to whom Brahma gave an elephant's head to replace his own severed one.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 293 ], [ 294, 438 ], [ 439, 691 ], [ 692, 834 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Egypt", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A British force under Alexander MacKenzie-Fraser held one city in this nation for several months before withdrawing in defeat.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "5476a172ea23cca905510f29", "qanta_id": 41388, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A British force under Alexander MacKenzie-Fraser held one city in this nation for several months before withdrawing in defeat. One military leader from this nation had a French chief of staff named Joseph S\u00e8ve and won victories at Homs and Konya. This nation's fleet was destroyed at the Battle of Navarino, where they were helping the Ottomans. In that war, and a later one against the Ottomans ended by the Treaty of London, this nation's forces were led by Ibrahim Pasha. Later, forces from this country allied with the English under Lord Kitchener to defeat the Mahdists and gain territory to their south in the Battle of Omdurman. For 10 points, name this nation ruled in the nineteenth century by Muhammad Ali, a North African country whose cities include Alexandria and Cairo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 246 ], [ 247, 345 ], [ 346, 474 ], [ 475, 635 ], [ 636, 783 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Taoism [or Daoism]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one neat ritual from this religion, a floormat is painted with a map of the stars and the practitioner \"paces the void\" from star to star.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Taoism", "proto_id": "5476a172ea23cca905510f2a", "qanta_id": 41389, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In one neat ritual from this religion, a floormat is painted with a map of the stars and the practitioner \"paces the void\" from star to star. Attaining immortality in this religion can be done by closing your eyes and matching the sun to your heart and matching the moon to your kidneys to absorb their essence. In this religion the root of a human being is said to reside in the \"lower cinnabar field,\" in contrast with the brain, which is the seat of the soul and is called the \"Muddy Pellet.\" The central deities in this religion are known as the Three Pure Ones. An \"uncut block\" is used as a metaphor for a state of always doing what is natural also known as \"action without action\" or wu wei. For 10 points, name this religion founded by Laozi, whose name literally translates as the \"way\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 311 ], [ 312, 494 ], [ 494, 566 ], [ 567, 698 ], [ 699, 796 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Jan Vermeer", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one painting by him, a blue-and-white porcelain bottle sits to the right of the title figure, who is dressed in yellow and a holds a wine-glass in her left hand, as a man in red with an off-kilter hat leans over her shoulder and puts his hand on her breast.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Vermeer", "proto_id": "5476a173ea23cca905510f34", "qanta_id": 41399, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In one painting by him, a blue-and-white porcelain bottle sits to the right of the title figure, who is dressed in yellow and a holds a wine-glass in her left hand, as a man in red with an off-kilter hat leans over her shoulder and puts his hand on her breast. In another painting by him, a white jug stands on an Oriental rug-like table cloth to the right of a blue chair, next to which lies a bass viol. In that painting by him, a woman's face is seen in the reflection of a mirror as she plays the virginal. The subject of his most famous portrait wears a blue-and-yellow headdress and the title piece of jewelry on her barely visible left ear. For 10 points, name this Flemish painter of The Procuress, The Music Lesson, and Girl with a Pearl Earring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 260 ], [ 261, 405 ], [ 406, 510 ], [ 511, 647 ], [ 648, 755 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Derek Alton Walcott", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's poems includes such instructions like \"Give wine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Derek_Walcott", "proto_id": "5476a173ea23cca905510f35", "qanta_id": 41400, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One of this author's poems includes such instructions like \"Give wine. Give bread... peel your own image from the mirror. Sit. Feast on your life.\" He described how \"the adulterer hear[s] Nausicaa's name in every gull's outcry\" in a poem ending \"The classics can console. But not enough.\" Another of this author's poems consists of a tour through the \"stones only, the disjecta membra\" of a place where \"a smell of dead limes quickens in the nose/The leprosy of empire.\" This author of \"Love after Love\" and \"Sea Grapes\" is best known for a poem in which Maud, wife of Major Plunkett, dies of cancer. This author wrote \"Ruins of a Great House\" and an epic poem about the fishermen Achille and Hector, who represent characters from the Iliad. For 10 points, name this author of Omeros, a poet from St. Lucia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 121 ], [ 122, 126 ], [ 127, 146 ], [ 146, 147 ], [ 148, 187 ], [ 188, 271 ], [ 272, 288 ], [ 289, 446 ], [ 446, 447 ], [ 447, 469 ], [ 469, 600 ], [ 601, 741 ], [ 742, 807 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Eugene Delacroix", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of his paintings, a picture of a vase of flowers is drawn on the white wall to the left of a black, gold, and orange cabinet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "5476a174ea23cca905510f4f", "qanta_id": 41426, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In one of his paintings, a picture of a vase of flowers is drawn on the white wall to the left of a black, gold, and orange cabinet. In the bottom left corner of one of his works, an African man with a red turban clasps the jeweled bridle of a bucking white horse. One of his paintings shows three women and a servant gathered around a hookah. At the bottom of another painting by him, a man holds a dagger to a nude woman's throat as the title king reclines on a giant pink cushion and watches impassively. In another of his paintings, a boy waving pistols and a man in a top hat with a musket flank the title figure, who stands bare-breasted, waving a French flag. For 10 points, name this painter of Women of Algiers, The Death of Sardanapalus and Liberty Leading the People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 264 ], [ 265, 343 ], [ 344, 507 ], [ 508, 666 ], [ 667, 778 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "free radicals", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Type Ia ribonucleotide reductases use a tyrosine based example of this form in their R2 subunits to reduce NDPs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Radical_(chemistry)", "proto_id": "5476a177ea23cca905510f96", "qanta_id": 41497, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Type Ia ribonucleotide reductases use a tyrosine based example of this form in their R2 subunits to reduce NDPs. B12-utilizing enzymes such as diol dehydrogenase that make use of these in their mechanism coordinate 5 prime deoxyadenosine to cobalt. Two of these substances, Fremy's Salt and TEMPO, are oxidizing agents. Zinc triphenylmethyl chloride was reacted with benzene by Moses Gomberg to produce one of these. EPR spectroscopy is used to study these molecules. Heat and light can induce the formation of these which can drive the polymerization of alkenes. They are produced by the homolytic cleavage of bonds. Antioxidants stop the production of these molecules. For 10 points, name these molecules that have an unpaired electron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 248 ], [ 249, 319 ], [ 320, 416 ], [ 417, 467 ], [ 468, 563 ], [ 564, 617 ], [ 618, 670 ], [ 671, 738 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Belgium [accept Koninkrijk Belgi\u00eb or Royaume de Belgique or K\u00f6nigreich Belgien]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the 1950s in this country, the socialist Leo Collard set off a second \"school war\" by requiring that teachers possess degrees.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Belgium", "proto_id": "5476a178ea23cca905510fa4", "qanta_id": 41511, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "In the 1950s in this country, the socialist Leo Collard set off a second \"school war\" by requiring that teachers possess degrees. The St. Michael's Agreement made a federal state out of this country, whose independence movement broke out after a performance of La Muette de Portici. L\u00e9on Degrelle founded a fascist movement in this country called Rexism. One of its rulers, who used the Force Publique to subjugate its colonial subjects, was accused by the Casement Report of cutting off the hands of natives who did not produce enough rubber. In 1950, one king of this country abdicated in favor of his son, Baudouin. Fighting here during World War I occurred at Ypres (EE-pruh) and Flanders. For 10 points, name this country whose king Leopold II colonized the Congo Free State.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 282 ], [ 283, 354 ], [ 355, 543 ], [ 544, 618 ], [ 619, 693 ], [ 694, 780 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Isis [or Aset]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This deity was once lodged by a poor woman after a noblewoman slammed her front door upon seeing her entourage, but she nonetheless cured the noblewoman's son, the victim of this deity's servants.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isis", "proto_id": "5476a179ea23cca905510fc6", "qanta_id": 41545, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This deity was once lodged by a poor woman after a noblewoman slammed her front door upon seeing her entourage, but she nonetheless cured the noblewoman's son, the victim of this deity's servants. She breathed a sweet perfume onto the maidservants of a queen, who unwittingly interrupted this goddess's ritual to make the queen's son immortal by thrusting him into a pile of burning logs. Lychnapsia commemorated the time this goddess spent in darkness with torchlight looking for her husband, who got stuck in a cedar tree in the kingdom of Byblos. Thanks to a passing fish, this goddess had to fashion a golden phallus as a replacement for the fourteenth piece of her husband's body. For 10 points, name this goddess who used a snake to coax Ra to reveal his secret name and reassembled her husband Osiris.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 197, 388 ], [ 389, 549 ], [ 550, 685 ], [ 686, 808 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Gian Lorenzo Bernini", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist never finished the second figure in a sculpture whose first figure holds the sun in her right hand and rests her left foot on the earth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini", "proto_id": "5476a17aea23cca905510fd6", "qanta_id": 41561, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist never finished the second figure in a sculpture whose first figure holds the sun in her right hand and rests her left foot on the earth. He began his Truth Unveiled by Time after he was attacked for his failure to properly construct two towers at St. Peter's Basilica, for which he designed the baldacchino and the Chair of St. Peter. This artist sculpted a harp at David's feet, as he leans back to swing his sling, while another of his sculptures depicts one of the title figures turning into a laurel tree. His most famous work depicts four black marble columns and an angel holding a spear pointed towards the titular saint. For 10 points, name this Italian Baroque sculptor of Apollo and Daphne and The Ecstasy of Saint Theresa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 346 ], [ 347, 521 ], [ 522, 640 ], [ 641, 745 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Republic of {South Africa} [accept {RSA} or Republike van {Suid}-{Afrika;} if someone gives an answer in what sounds like a Bantu language, glare at them and look it up on Wikipedia, which lists the name of the country in all eleven official languages at the top of the sidebar]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country's largest city contains a skyscraper made to look like a diamond at 11 Diagonal Street and is home to soccer teams like Kaizer Chiefs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "South_Africa", "proto_id": "5476a17bea23cca905510ffd", "qanta_id": 41599, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This country's largest city contains a skyscraper made to look like a diamond at 11 Diagonal Street and is home to soccer teams like Kaizer Chiefs. Another of its cities lies near False Bay, so named because people confused it with Table Bay, and once saw a forced clearing of its District Six. A narrow coastal region in this nation is separated from the interior by the Great Escarpment. A loose analogue of white trash in this country is called zef. Cities in its south include Stellenbosch and Port Elizabeth. This country's Witwatersrand is the source of the Limpopo River. Durban is the largest city in its province of KwaZulu-Natal, and its Gauteng province includes one of its three capitals, Pretoria. For 10 points, name this country where Afrikaans is spoken in cities like Johannesburg and Cape Town.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 294 ], [ 295, 389 ], [ 390, 452 ], [ 453, 513 ], [ 514, 578 ], [ 579, 710 ], [ 711, 812 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "War of 1812", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Naval forces prepared for one battle in this conflict by massing near Tangier Island.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_1812", "proto_id": "5476a17cea23cca90551100e", "qanta_id": 41616, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Naval forces prepared for one battle in this conflict by massing near Tangier Island. Sackett's Harbor was of strategic importance in this war, which saw the heroics of Laura Secord. Another battle in this conflict occurred after a failed rendezvous with Isaac Chauncey, and saw Gordon Drummond and Phineas Riall win a costly victory. Unrest leading to this war was partly caused by the Orders in Council, and before it, one side gained allies due to a raid on Prophetstown. The Battle of Bladensburg allowed one belligerent to enter the capital of the other. For 10 points, name this conflict which saw battles at Lundy's Lane and Lake Erie, as well as the burning of Washington, a war between the United States and the United Kingdom named for the year in which it began.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 182 ], [ 183, 334 ], [ 335, 474 ], [ 475, 559 ], [ 560, 773 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "William the Conqueror [accept William I of England or William the Bastard; accept William II of Normandy until mentioned]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler propped up the independence of Morgannwg and Gwynllwg as buffer states between his kingdom and that of Rhys ap Tewdwr.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_the_Conqueror", "proto_id": "5476a17dea23cca905511022", "qanta_id": 41636, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This ruler propped up the independence of Morgannwg and Gwynllwg as buffer states between his kingdom and that of Rhys ap Tewdwr. He gave border regions to relatively autonomous Marcher Lords. Earlier, with Henry I of France, he had put down a rebellion at Val-es-Dunes. He was advised by Lanfranc of Pavia in a campaign blessed by Pope Alexander II. This ruler died after the Siege of Mantes, where he fell off a horse. His advisor, William of St. Calais, compiled a census. He defeated the victor at Stamford Bridge in a clash depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry, in which that loser, Harold Godwinson, was killed. For 10 points, name this duke of Normandy who ordered the compilation of the Doomsday Book and whose victory at Hastings paved the way for him to take over England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 192 ], [ 193, 270 ], [ 271, 350 ], [ 351, 420 ], [ 421, 475 ], [ 476, 612 ], [ 613, 777 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "John Keats", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet addresses a \"fair creature of an hour\" in a poem that concludes \"I sit alone and think 'til love and fame and nothingness do sink.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Keats", "proto_id": "5476a17eea23cca905511039", "qanta_id": 41659, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This poet addresses a \"fair creature of an hour\" in a poem that concludes \"I sit alone and think 'til love and fame and nothingness do sink.\" In a response to another poet's \"Alastor,\" this man wrote of an Indian maid singing about the entourage of Bacchus in part of a longer poem. This poet of \"When I have fears that I may cease to be\" composed a love sonnet beginning \"Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art.\" This author wrote to \"think not of them, thou hast thy music too\" while describing a \"season of mists and mellow fruitfulness\" in one poem, and in another the speaker comments \"the sedge is withered from the lake\" and recounts dreaming of \"pale kings\" after being enthralled by the title figure. For 10 points, name this author of \"To Autumn\" and \"La Belle Dame Sans Merci\" who wrote that \"beauty is truth, truth beauty\" in \"Ode on a Grecian Urn.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 140, 282 ], [ 283, 385 ], [ 386, 421 ], [ 421, 422 ], [ 423, 718 ], [ 719, 753 ], [ 754, 870 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Romeo and Juliet", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "One of this work's title characters crashes a party in an attempt to win the love of Rosaline.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romeo_and_Juliet", "proto_id": "5476a180ea23cca90551106e", "qanta_id": 41712, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One of this work's title characters crashes a party in an attempt to win the love of Rosaline. At that party he meets the other title character, who is the cousin of Tybalt. At the end of this play, Prince Escalus pronounces peace in Verona between the two central families. For 10 points, name this play about the feud between the Montagues and Capulets, written by William Shakespeare.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 173 ], [ 174, 274 ], [ 275, 387 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "prime numbers [or primes]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prime_number", "proto_id": "5476a180ea23cca905511074", "qanta_id": 41718, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez). According to Goldbach's conjecture, every integer greater than two can be expressed as a sum of two of them. Every positive integer can be expressed as a factorization of these numbers. For 10 points, identify these natural numbers whose only divisors are themselves and one.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 195 ], [ 196, 272 ], [ 273, 362 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "ribosomes", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The antibiotic erythromycin works by disrupting this organelle, which contains E, P, and A sites on its large subunit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ribosome", "proto_id": "5476a180ea23cca905511076", "qanta_id": 41720, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The antibiotic erythromycin works by disrupting this organelle, which contains E, P, and A sites on its large subunit. The parts of this organelle are assembled at nucleoli (noo-klee-OH-lye), and when bound to a membrane, these create the rough ER. Codons are translated at this organelle where the tRNA and mRNA meet. For 10 points, name this organelle that is the site of protein synthesis", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 248 ], [ 249, 318 ], [ 319, 391 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Johann Sebastian Bach} [accept {Coffee Cantata} before \"cantata\" is read]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "Lieschen [lee-shen] is addicted to coffee in a cantata by this composer of the Notebook for Anna Magdalena.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "5476a181ea23cca905511085", "qanta_id": 41735, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Lieschen [lee-shen] is addicted to coffee in a cantata by this composer of the Notebook for Anna Magdalena. Gounod's [goo-noh's] Ave Maria is based on a prelude from this composer's Well-Tempered Clavier, and Mendelssohn revived his setting of the St. Matthew Passion. The Art of Fugue was composed by, for 10 points, what German Baroque composer of the Goldberg Variations and the Brandenburg Concertos?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 268 ], [ 269, 404 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "George Washington", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This man was targeted in the Conway Cabal, which was partially due to his losses at Germantown and Brandywine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "5476a182ea23cca9055110b8", "qanta_id": 41786, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This man was targeted in the Conway Cabal, which was partially due to his losses at Germantown and Brandywine. He declared political parties to be a \"frightful despotism\" and warned against engaging in \"entangling alliances\" in his Farewell Address, after which his former Vice President John Adams became President. For 10 points, name this leader of the Continental Army who became the first President of the United States.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 316 ], [ 317, 425 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Jack {London}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters kills his rival Spitz while working for Francois (frahn-SWAH) and Perrault (pair-OHL).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jack_London", "proto_id": "5476a183ea23cca9055110c4", "qanta_id": 41798, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One of this author's characters kills his rival Spitz while working for Francois (frahn-SWAH) and Perrault (pair-OHL). Another of his characters is taken to Santa Clara, California, where he saves Judge Scott from a murderer. The central figure of one of his novels avenges the killing of his master Thornton before going on to lead a wolf pack; that figure is the Buck from The Call of the Wild. For 10 points, name this author of White Fang.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 225 ], [ 226, 396 ], [ 397, 443 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Athens [or Athenai]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "A building in this city contained as many as 17,000 stone seats and a circular proscenium, and an annual festival in this city included a competition between three writers of tragedies and satyr plays.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athens", "proto_id": "5476a184ea23cca9055110e1", "qanta_id": 41827, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classic", "text": "A building in this city contained as many as 17,000 stone seats and a circular proscenium, and an annual festival in this city included a competition between three writers of tragedies and satyr plays. Plays such as The Birds and Antigone (ann-TIH-goh-nee) were performed at the annual City Dionysia (dye-oh- NEES-yah) in, for 10 points, what city whose residents included the actor Thespis and the playwrights Aristophanes (air-iss-TAH-fah-neez) and Sophocles?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 201 ], [ 202, 461 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "James Langston Hughes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This poet commented on a literary assignment in \"Theme for English B.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "5476a185ea23cca9055110eb", "qanta_id": 41837, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This poet commented on a literary assignment in \"Theme for English B.\" Another of his poems asks if \"a dream deferred\" \"dr[ies] up like a raisin in the sun.\" He wrote about the Euphrates, Congo, and Nile in \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers.\" In his most famous poem, he mentions the \"droning\" of \"a drowsy syncopated tune.\" For 10 points, name this African-American poet of the Harlem Renaissance who wrote \"The Weary Blues.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 157 ], [ 158, 236 ], [ 237, 318 ], [ 319, 420 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "In the Admirable Campaign, this man issued the Cartagena (CAR-tah-HAY-nuh) Manifesto and the Decree of War to the Death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sim\u00f3n_Bol\u00edvar", "proto_id": "5476a185ea23cca9055110f0", "qanta_id": 41842, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In the Admirable Campaign, this man issued the Cartagena (CAR-tah-HAY-nuh) Manifesto and the Decree of War to the Death. This victor at the Battle of Boyaca (boy-YAH-cah) defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Carabobo, helping Venezuela achieve its independence. He met with Jos\u00e9 de San Mart\u00edn at Guayaquil (GUY-ah-keel) and was the first president of Gran Colombia. For 10 points, name this South American leader known as \"the Liberator.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 262 ], [ 263, 366 ], [ 367, 439 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Rene {Descartes} [{accept Descartes' Rule of Signs before} \"Rule\"]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The number of positive real roots of a polynomial can be found by this man's Rule of Signs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "5476a185ea23cca9055110f9", "qanta_id": 41851, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The number of positive real roots of a polynomial can be found by this man's Rule of Signs. His philosophical works include the Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy. He is the namesake of the standard x-y coordinate system. For 10 points, give this French philosopher and mathematician whose most famous attributed quote is \"cogito ergo sum,\" or, \"I think, therefore I am.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 184 ], [ 185, 242 ], [ 243, 392 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "the {moon}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "Vast amounts of data concerning this body were gathered by the Clementine mission.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moon", "proto_id": "5476a185ea23cca9055110fc", "qanta_id": 41854, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Vast amounts of data concerning this body were gathered by the Clementine mission. Rilles are faults found on the surface of this body. The Tycho Crater and Montes Pyrenaeus (MON-tays pee-reh-NAYuss) are found here. Its movement is calculated using sidereal and synodic periods. This body's surface contains several maria (MAH-ree-ah), including the Sea of Tranquility. For 10 points, name this celestial body that revolves around Earth.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 135 ], [ 136, 215 ], [ 216, 278 ], [ 279, 369 ], [ 370, 437 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Republica Argentina [or Argentine Republic]", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The president of this nation, Kristina Fernandez de Kirchner, was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in December, 2011.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Argentina", "proto_id": "5476a186ea23cca905511106", "qanta_id": 41864, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The president of this nation, Kristina Fernandez de Kirchner, was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in December, 2011. This nation accused Great Britain of violating international rules when they allowed oil drilling about 300 miles east of the Strait of Magellan, off the coast of the Falkland Islands. For 10 points, name this South American nation where a 2011 law banned protest marches in the capital of Buenos Aires.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 299 ], [ 300, 418 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "New {Zealand}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This nation's Bay of Plenty is the home of a sphenodont (SFEE-noh-dahnt) reptile called the tuatara.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_Zealand", "proto_id": "5476a186ea23cca905511114", "qanta_id": 41878, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This nation's Bay of Plenty is the home of a sphenodont (SFEE-noh-dahnt) reptile called the tuatara. Its regions include Otago and Canterbury, whose chief city, Christchurch, was the site of a 2011 earthquake. The Cook Strait, which divides its North and South Islands, is the site of its capital, Wellington. For 10 points, the Maori people are the native inhabitants of what Pacific island nation east of Australia?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 209 ], [ 210, 309 ], [ 310, 417 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Mayans", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "These people recorded their rulers' accomplishments on tetun using the only complete written language of the pre-Columbian Americas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maya_civilization", "proto_id": "5476a186ea23cca905511116", "qanta_id": 41880, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "These people recorded their rulers' accomplishments on tetun using the only complete written language of the pre-Columbian Americas. Leaders of these people include Pakal (pah-KAHL) the Great and Hunac Ceel (HOO-nahk KEEL) and their myths are collected in the Popol Vuh (POE-pohl VUH). For 10 points, identify this Mesoamerican civilization that created the Long Count calendar and had cities at Tikal (tee- KAHL) and Chichen Itza (CHEE-chen EET-zah).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 206 ], [ 207, 285 ], [ 286, 451 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Sikhism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "After initiation into the Khalsa (KAHL-sah) in this religion, adherents must wear a wooden comb, known as the \"kanga\"(KAHN-gah), and a steel bracelet, known as the \"kara\" (KAH-rah), which are two of the five K's.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "5476a187ea23cca905511127", "qanta_id": 41897, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "After initiation into the Khalsa (KAHL-sah) in this religion, adherents must wear a wooden comb, known as the \"kanga\"(KAHN-gah), and a steel bracelet, known as the \"kara\" (KAH-rah), which are two of the five K's. Arjun (AR-joon) Dev compiled this religion's holy text, the Adi Granth, which contains many of the sayings of the first leader, or guru, of this religion. For 10 points, identify this religion founded by Nanak, whose adherents are mostly found in the Punjab region.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 213, 228 ], [ 229, 367 ], [ 368, 478 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Marcel Duchamp", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This artist of The Bridge Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors, Even drew a mustache and goatee on a Mona Lisa in L.H.O.O.Q.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Duchamp", "proto_id": "5476a187ea23cca90551112b", "qanta_id": 41901, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist of The Bridge Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors, Even drew a mustache and goatee on a Mona Lisa in L.H.O.O.Q. His Nude Descending a Staircase, No.2 was compared to an \"explosion in a shingle factory.\" His series of readymades includes an overturned urinal inscribed \"R. Mutt.\" For 10 points, name this Dada artist of Fountain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 151 ], [ 152, 208 ], [ 208, 209 ], [ 210, 285 ], [ 286, 335 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Attila} the {Hun}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This leader defeated General Arnegisclus (ar-neh-GISS-kluss) at the Battle of the Utus shortly before destroying the city of Marcianopolis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Attila", "proto_id": "5476a188ea23cca905511136", "qanta_id": 41912, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This leader defeated General Arnegisclus (ar-neh-GISS-kluss) at the Battle of the Utus shortly before destroying the city of Marcianopolis. He withdrew after the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains against armies under the command of Flavius Aetius (FLAY-vee-us AY-tee-us) and Theodoric (THEE-oh-DORick) I of the Visigoths. This man shared power with his brother Bleda (BLAY-duh) until Bleda's death around 445. For 10 points, identify this man nicknamed the Scourge of God, leader of the Huns.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 320 ], [ 321, 408 ], [ 409, 491 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Alfred the Great", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this king's orders established political subdivisions in his country that are now called boroughs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476a188ea23cca905511142", "qanta_id": 41924, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One of this king's orders established political subdivisions in his country that are now called boroughs. This leader's coronation occurred during a visit to Pope Leo IV ordered by his father, Aethelwulf. With the Danish king Guthrum, this leader signed a treaty demarcating a region known as the Danelaw. This leader's victory at the Battle of Eddington slowed down the Viking conquest of Britain. This ruler's kingdom of Wessex led the process of Anglo-Saxon unification. For 10 points, name this only English king with the epithet \"the Great.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 204 ], [ 205, 305 ], [ 306, 398 ], [ 399, 473 ], [ 474, 546 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{hydrogen bonding} [or H bonding; prompt on hydrogen; prompt on H]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This type of interaction was first proposed in a 1920 paper by Latimer and Rodebush.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hydrogen_bond", "proto_id": "5476a188ea23cca905511149", "qanta_id": 41931, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This type of interaction was first proposed in a 1920 paper by Latimer and Rodebush. The presence of this type of interaction is preferred in E2 and SN2 but not E1 and SN1 reactions. Protein secondary structure involves this type of interaction between different atoms in the amide backbone. In ice, this type of interaction is important in determining the crystal structure formed. It also causes water to have a high boiling point. For 10 points, name this interaction that requires both a donor and acceptor of the namesake simplest element.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 182 ], [ 183, 291 ], [ 292, 382 ], [ 383, 433 ], [ 434, 544 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ben Jonson [or Benjamin Jonson]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A work by this writer tells of Littlewit's friends Quarlous and Winwife, who try to woo Dame Purecraft.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ben_Jonson", "proto_id": "5476a189ea23cca90551114e", "qanta_id": 41936, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "A work by this writer tells of Littlewit's friends Quarlous and Winwife, who try to woo Dame Purecraft. He wrote a poem that begins, \"Drink to me only with thine eyes.\" This author of \"To Celia\" wrote a play in which Corbaccio is convinced to disown Bonario by the protagonist's assistant Mosca. In another play by this author, Face and Subtle become entangled in a plan to fleece Sir Epicure Mammon by pretending to turn metal into gold. For 10 points, name this English dramatist who wrote Bartholomew Fair, The Alchemist, and Volpone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 168 ], [ 169, 295 ], [ 296, 438 ], [ 439, 537 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Scotland [or Alba; accept United Kingdom or UK before \"Independence\"]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country's worst school shooting occurred at Dunblane. One invasion of this country, a few decades after it became a part of a larger country, began at Prestonpans and climaxed at Culloden.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Scotland", "proto_id": "5476a189ea23cca905511157", "qanta_id": 41945, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This country's worst school shooting occurred at Dunblane. One invasion of this country, a few decades after it became a part of a larger country, began at Prestonpans and climaxed at Culloden. This country's War of Independence saw it face off against Edward II. One leader of this country resigned as Guardian after the battle of Falkirk. Before ruling England, the House of Stuart ruled this country. For 10 points, name this country whose leaders include Robert the Bruce, Mary, and William Wallace, which joined with England in the 1707 Act of Union.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 263 ], [ 264, 340 ], [ 341, 403 ], [ 404, 555 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One this author's sonnets, written after the death of his wife in a tragic fireplace accident, declares that seasons are \"changeless since the day she died.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow", "proto_id": "5476a189ea23cca905511162", "qanta_id": 41956, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One this author's sonnets, written after the death of his wife in a tragic fireplace accident, declares that seasons are \"changeless since the day she died.\" One poem by this author begins with the line, \"This is the forest Primeval.\" This author of \"The Cross of Snow\" and Evangeline wrote about a character who is married to Minnehaha and lives in Gitchee Gumee. In another poem, he perpetuated the \"one if by land, two if by sea\" myth about a silversmith during the American Revolution. For 10 points, name this poet of The Song of Hiawatha and Paul Revere's Ride.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 156, 233 ], [ 233, 234 ], [ 235, 364 ], [ 365, 489 ], [ 490, 567 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Pictures at an Exhibition [or Kartinki s vystavki ; or Pictures from an Exhibition]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This work opens with a G, F, B-flat, C, F, D motif that returns in several of the interludes between the movements.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "proto_id": "5476a18aea23cca90551116a", "qanta_id": 41964, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This work opens with a G, F, B-flat, C, F, D motif that returns in several of the interludes between the movements. Its first full movement opens by depicting a gnome running on crooked legs, while another movement evinces the feelings arising from exploring the Paris catacombs by lamplight. This piece, originally composed for solo piano, was orchestrated by Maurice Ravel. It includes the movements \"The Old Castle\" and \"The Great Gate of Kiev.\" For 10 points, a series of Victor Hartmann paintings inspired what work by Modest Mussorgsky?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 292 ], [ 293, 375 ], [ 376, 448 ], [ 449, 542 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "energy [accept kinetic energy; or potential energy; or internal energy]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The average value of this quantity is related to the temperature of a substance by the equipartition theorem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Potential_energy", "proto_id": "5476a18bea23cca905511189", "qanta_id": 41995, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The average value of this quantity is related to the temperature of a substance by the equipartition theorem. In thermodynamics, the change in this quantity is equal to the heat added minus the work done by the system. Its value for a photon is Planck's constant times frequency. The total form of this quantity is represented by the Hamiltonian operator. One type of this quantity can be found on earth by taking the mass of the object times little-g times the height. For 10 points, name this quantity, the ability of a system to do work, which can be potential or kinetic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 218 ], [ 219, 279 ], [ 280, 355 ], [ 356, 469 ], [ 470, 575 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Yom Kippur} [or Day of Atonement before mentioned]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "On this day alone, the Kohen Gadol wore white linen robes while pronouncing the Tetragrammaton.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yom_Kippur", "proto_id": "5476a18bea23cca90551118d", "qanta_id": 41999, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "On this day alone, the Kohen Gadol wore white linen robes while pronouncing the Tetragrammaton. Its worship service ends with the Ne'ila and involves reading the Book of Jonah. This day, which features five prayers beginning with the Kol Nidre, takes place on the Tenth of Tishrei, ending the High Holy Days. It occurs five days before Sukkot and nine days after Rosh Hashanah. For 10 points, worshipers seek God's forgiveness while abstaining and fasting on what Jewish Day of Atonement?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 176 ], [ 177, 308 ], [ 309, 377 ], [ 378, 488 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Australia", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A community in this country raises a \"black white-feller,\" Gemmy Fairley, in David Malouf's Remembering Babylon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Australia", "proto_id": "5476a18cea23cca90551119b", "qanta_id": 42013, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A community in this country raises a \"black white-feller,\" Gemmy Fairley, in David Malouf's Remembering Babylon. Three sisters from this country trek home to Jigalong in the Doris Pilkington story \"Follow the Rabbit- Proof Fence.\" A glass church floats down the Bellinger River in this country in the novel Oscar and Lucinda. For 10 points, name this country, the home of Peter Carey and Thomas Keneally, whose The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith describes the challenges of this country's aboriginal populace.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 196 ], [ 197, 230 ], [ 231, 325 ], [ 326, 505 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Perseus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man was the father of Sthenalus and the grandfather of the man who sent Heracles on his Twelve Labors, Eurystheus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "5476a18cea23cca9055111b0", "qanta_id": 42034, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This man was the father of Sthenalus and the grandfather of the man who sent Heracles on his Twelve Labors, Eurystheus. This man, who founded Mycenae, was born after his mother was impregnated by a golden shower. Polydectes sent him on a quest during which he borrowed winged sandals, an invisibility helmet, and a reflective shield. He killed a sea monster who was about to eat Andromeda, whom he would later marry. For 10 points, name this Greek hero who cut off the head of Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 212 ], [ 213, 333 ], [ 334, 416 ], [ 417, 484 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the title character's mother dies of scarlet fever when he is seventeen, passing the disease to the protagonist's future wife Elizabeth, who is eventually killed on her honeymoon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frankenstein", "proto_id": "5476a18cea23cca9055111b3", "qanta_id": 42037, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "In this novel, the title character's mother dies of scarlet fever when he is seventeen, passing the disease to the protagonist's future wife Elizabeth, who is eventually killed on her honeymoon. In a letter in this novel, explorer Robert Walton asks, \"What can stop the determined heart and resolved will of man?\" Its protagonist studies at the University of Ingolstadt. The De Lacey family adopts a character in this novel who kills Henry Clervel and eventually flees to the Arctic. For 10 points, the title doctor creates a monster in what novel by Mary Shelley?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 313 ], [ 314, 370 ], [ 371, 483 ], [ 484, 564 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Porifera [or poriferans; or sea sponges before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "\"Glass\" species of this phylum's class Hexactinellida have silica structural elements.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sponge", "proto_id": "5476a18dea23cca9055111bb", "qanta_id": 42045, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "\"Glass\" species of this phylum's class Hexactinellida have silica structural elements. Its members have small amebocytes that carry food to the gelatinous mesohyl from their feeding cells, which have a flagellum surrounded by a collar. Those feeding cells, called choanocytes, line these organisms' inner chambers, whose outlets are called osculua. These sessile suspension feeders have structures based on spicules and were once used as cleaning tools. For 10 points, name this phylum of porous organisms, the simplest animals, which are also called sponges.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 235 ], [ 236, 348 ], [ 349, 453 ], [ 454, 559 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Los Angeles [or LA]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The weakness of this city's educational system was the subject of the McCone Report.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Los_Angeles", "proto_id": "5476a18dea23cca9055111c0", "qanta_id": 42050, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "The weakness of this city's educational system was the subject of the McCone Report. In this city, William Parker called the National Guard after Marquette Frye's arrest. One event in this city began after the Sleepy Lagoon case, and involved sailors beating Mexican Americans. This city, the location of unrest that popularized the phrase \"Burn, baby, burn,\" was where Stacey Koon and three other police officers were videotaped beating an African-American man in 1992. For 10 points, name this city that faced the Zoot Suit Riots, Watts Riots, and Rodney King Riots.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 170 ], [ 171, 277 ], [ 278, 470 ], [ 471, 568 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "E.M. Forster [or Edward Morgan Forster]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, Ronny Heslop breaks up Cyril Fielding's tea party.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._M._Forster", "proto_id": "5476a18dea23cca9055111c3", "qanta_id": 42053, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In one of this author's novels, Ronny Heslop breaks up Cyril Fielding's tea party. One of his title characters seeks the assistance of the hypnotist Lasker Jones to cure his homosexuality. In another novel by this author, Lucy meets George in Italy and exchanges accommodations with him, allowing her to look onto the river Arno. This author of Maurice created Dr. Aziz, who is accused of assaulting the British woman Adela Quested in the Marabar Caves, in another novel. For 10 points, name this British novelist who wrote A Room with a View and A Passage to India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 188 ], [ 189, 329 ], [ 330, 471 ], [ 472, 566 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Thirty Years' War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "During this war, the end of the House of Gonzaga resulted in the War of the Mantuan Succession.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thirty_Years'_War", "proto_id": "5476a18dea23cca9055111c7", "qanta_id": 42057, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "During this war, the end of the House of Gonzaga resulted in the War of the Mantuan Succession. During this war, the Edict of Restitution was passed by a ruler who, along with Count Tilly, defeated the Bohemians at the Battle of White Mountain. The Second Defenestration of Prague precipitated this conflict, whose participants included Albrecht von Wallenstein and Gustavus Adolphus. For 10 points, name this conflict between Catholics and Protestants that ended with the signing of the Peace of Westphalia, a war lasting from 1618 to 1648.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 244 ], [ 245, 384 ], [ 385, 541 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Gioachino [Antonio] Rossini", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one opera by this composer, a character sings \"Deh, tu reggi in tal momento\" and is accused of stealing a silver spoon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gioachino_Rossini", "proto_id": "5476a18eea23cca9055111d4", "qanta_id": 42070, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In one opera by this composer, a character sings \"Deh, tu reggi in tal momento\" and is accused of stealing a silver spoon. This composer, who described Ninetta in The Thieving Magpie, wrote an opera whose title character assists Count Almaviva in marrying Rosina and sings the aria \"Largo al factotum.\" In another of his operas, the title Swissman sings the aria \"Sois immobile\" while shooting an apple off the head of his son Jemmy. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of The Barber of Seville and William Tell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 301 ], [ 301, 433 ], [ 434, 518 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Japan [or Nihon-koku; or Nippon-koku]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this country, a sacred mirror is housed inside a temple that is rebuilt every twenty years.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "5476a18eea23cca9055111d9", "qanta_id": 42075, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In this country, a sacred mirror is housed inside a temple that is rebuilt every twenty years. One deity from this country was offended by her brother's noise and hid in a cave, but was lured out by a sensuous dance. A god in this country's myth system gave birth to a storm god from his nose, a moon god from his right eye, and a sun goddess from his left eye after failing to retrieve his sister-wife from Yomi, the underworld. Deities in this country's myth system are called kami. For 10 points, name this island country that is home to the deities Izanagi and Amaterasu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 216 ], [ 217, 429 ], [ 430, 484 ], [ 485, 575 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Republic of Colombia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A \"Marshall Plan\" for this country was proposed by its president Andres Pastrana, leading this country to secure aid from the Clinton administration.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Colombia", "proto_id": "5476a18eea23cca9055111e5", "qanta_id": 42087, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A \"Marshall Plan\" for this country was proposed by its president Andres Pastrana, leading this country to secure aid from the Clinton administration. This country's rejection of the Hay-Herran Treaty led the U.S. to support the independence movement of its northern neighbor. Alvaro Uribe sought to suppress the growing of coca in this country, which is home to the FARC guerrillas. For 10 points, name this Latin American country that formerly controlled Panama, which was home to Pablo Escobar's Medellin cocaine cartel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 275 ], [ 276, 382 ], [ 383, 522 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "France [or French Republic; or R\u00e9publique Francaise]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A poem by an author from this country compares the poet whose \"giant wings prevent him from walking\" to a sea bird.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "France", "proto_id": "5476a18fea23cca9055111fa", "qanta_id": 42108, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "A poem by an author from this country compares the poet whose \"giant wings prevent him from walking\" to a sea bird. The poet of \"The Albatross\" hailed from this country and penned a poetry collection that contains the section \"Spleen and Ideal.\" The Parnassian poetry movement began in this country, which is also home to two poets, formerly homosexual lovers, who penned the Saturnine Poems and A Season in Hell. For 10 points, name this home country of Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud, and Fleurs du Mal author Charles Baudelaire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 245 ], [ 246, 413 ], [ 414, 530 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "London", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In 1858, this city experienced a \"Great Stink\" that resulted in the construction of a new sewer system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "London", "proto_id": "5476a190ea23cca905511204", "qanta_id": 42118, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In 1858, this city experienced a \"Great Stink\" that resulted in the construction of a new sewer system. One building in this city is home to at least six ravens at all times because it is believed that the monarchy will fall if they leave. Thomas Bloodworth served as a mayor of this city during a year in which a plague and a fire struck, events chronicled in Samuel Pepys's diary. A heavy poll tax sparked a rebellion in this city that was led by Wat Tyler. For 10 points, name this city home to Buckingham Palace and Trafalgar Square, the capital of the United Kingdom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 239 ], [ 240, 382 ], [ 383, 459 ], [ 460, 572 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "triangles (prompt on \"complete graph\", accept complete 3-graph or complete graph on 3 vertices)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "According to Turan's Theorem, one of these entities is necessarily formed if four times the number of edges in a graph is greater than the number of vertices squared.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Triangle", "proto_id": "5476a190ea23cca905511216", "qanta_id": 42136, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "According to Turan's Theorem, one of these entities is necessarily formed if four times the number of edges in a graph is greater than the number of vertices squared. Every two-coloring on a complete 6-graph forms two monochrome examples of these entities. Three lines concur in one of these figures if the conditions for Ceva's [\"CHAY-va's] Theorem are met, and the areas of these figures can be found using (*) Heron's formula. The laws of sines and cosines hold true for these shapes, whose areas are equal to base times height over two. For ten points, name these three-sided figures, which come in equilateral and isosceles varieties.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 256 ], [ 257, 429 ], [ 430, 540 ], [ 541, 639 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Alfred, Lord Tennyson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's poems begins \"On either side of the river lie / Long fields of barley and rye\" before describing the plight of a woman who must weave without looking at the world around her.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "proto_id": "5476a191ea23cca905511223", "qanta_id": 42149, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One of this man's poems begins \"On either side of the river lie / Long fields of barley and rye\" before describing the plight of a woman who must weave without looking at the world around her. Another of his works ends by noting that \"though much is taken, much abides\" followed by an oath to \"strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.\" This poet of \"The (*) Lady of Shalott\" and \"Ulysses\" claimed in another poem that, \"Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all.\" This author of In Memoriam A.H.H. wrote a work in which a group rides into \"the valley of death.\" For ten points, name this British poet of \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 337 ], [ 337, 458 ], [ 459, 492 ], [ 493, 507 ], [ 508, 589 ], [ 589, 667 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Aztecs", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Marriage ceremonies in this culture involved a matchmaker tying the groom's cape to the bride's blouse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aztec", "proto_id": "5476a191ea23cca905511226", "qanta_id": 42152, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Marriage ceremonies in this culture involved a matchmaker tying the groom's cape to the bride's blouse. The city-state of Cholula allied with this empire in an attempt to defeat one army. Friar Bernardino compiled the Florentine Codex to describe the customs of these people, who fought the (*) Flower Wars to acquire sacrificial captives. Before defeating a force assisted by La Malinche during La Noche Triste, this civilization intentionally damaged the bridges leading to their capital Tenochtitlan. For ten points, identify this Meso-American empire, once led by Moctezuma and conquered by the Spanish under Cortes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 187 ], [ 188, 339 ], [ 340, 503 ], [ 504, 620 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Walter \"Walt\" Whitman", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author instructs to play certain instruments \"through the windows\" and \"through doors,\" while another addresses an Alabaman he-bird who visits Paumanok Beach as a \"solitary guest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walt_Whitman", "proto_id": "5476a191ea23cca90551122b", "qanta_id": 42157, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One poem by this author instructs to play certain instruments \"through the windows\" and \"through doors,\" while another addresses an Alabaman he-bird who visits Paumanok Beach as a \"solitary guest.\" This author of \"Beat! Beat! Drums!\" also \"sound[ed] [his] barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world\" in another poem. A more famous work by this author of (*) \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\" states that he \"mourn'd\" after the \"the great star early droop'd,\" referring to the death of Abraham Lincoln. For ten points, name this American author who included \"Song of Myself\" and \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\" in his Leaves of Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 196, 197 ], [ 198, 219 ], [ 220, 225 ], [ 226, 232 ], [ 232, 249 ], [ 250, 315 ], [ 316, 504 ], [ 505, 647 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "feldspars [accept specific types]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One group of these minerals is further divided into a sanidine variety, and these minerals can be distinguished from a similar group of minerals because these minerals cleave across planes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Feldspar", "proto_id": "5476a192ea23cca905511245", "qanta_id": 42183, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "One group of these minerals is further divided into a sanidine variety, and these minerals can be distinguished from a similar group of minerals because these minerals cleave across planes. These minerals have a K-type and are exemplified by labradorite. Members of this group of minerals have varying number of aluminum and silicon atoms, but all of these minerals have eight oxygen atoms. One subset of these minerals has a value of 6 on the Mohs hardness scale, and on the Bowen's reaction series, these minerals make up the continuous branch. For 10 points, name these minerals that make up a majority of the Earth's crust, which are classified as orthoclase or plagioclase", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 254 ], [ 255, 390 ], [ 391, 546 ], [ 547, 677 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Atalanta", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This figure bore a son who was simultaneously suckled alongside Telephus, and that son later joined the Seven Against Thebes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Atalanta", "proto_id": "5476a192ea23cca905511246", "qanta_id": 42184, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This figure bore a son who was simultaneously suckled alongside Telephus, and that son later joined the Seven Against Thebes. This mother of Parthenopaeus dispatched the lusty centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus, and she was presented a prize that signaled the end of King Oeneus's woes by a man whose life ended with the burning of brush. Either Melanion or Hippomenes made use of golden apples to trip her up, thus earning her hand in marriage. This figure was exposed on a mountain at youth by her father Iasus and survived by being suckled by a she-bear. For 10 points, name this huntress whom Meleager presented the pelt of the Calydonian boar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 332 ], [ 333, 439 ], [ 440, 551 ], [ 552, 642 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Jean Piaget", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man wrote about how science helps Sebastian overcome a religious crisis in the autobiographical Recherche.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Piaget", "proto_id": "5476a193ea23cca90551125c", "qanta_id": 42206, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This man wrote about how science helps Sebastian overcome a religious crisis in the autobiographical Recherche. In one of his studies, he used the \"three-mountains problem\" to demonstrate his theory of egocentrism. This man's most notable theory was critiqued by Lev Vygotsky, whose \"zone of proximal development\" theory contradicted this man's set hierarchy. This author of The Grasp of Consciousness argued that subjects use assimilation and accommodation to create symbolic and behavioral schemata. Conservation of numbers, classification, and seriation are traits of the concrete operational stage of this man's four-stage theory of cognitive development. For 10 points, name this Swiss psychologist noted for his studies with children.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 214 ], [ 215, 359 ], [ 360, 501 ], [ 502, 659 ], [ 660, 740 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Virginia Woolf", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One novel by this author chronicles Percival's death in India and the subsequent conversations it inspires amongst six school friends.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Virginia_Woolf", "proto_id": "5476a194ea23cca905511273", "qanta_id": 42229, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One novel by this author chronicles Percival's death in India and the subsequent conversations it inspires amongst six school friends. Nick Green writes a parody of the title character, who is sent by King James II as an ambassador to Constantinople in another of this author's novels. The title character of that work by this author is the fictional writer of the poem \"The Oak Tree,\" and turns into a woman over the course of the novel. The title character of another novel by this member of the Bloomsbury Group admires the fact that Septimus was able to take his own life, and entertains characters such as Sally Seton and Peter Walsh at a party. For 10 points, name this female author of The Waves, Orlando and Mrs. Dalloway.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 285 ], [ 286, 438 ], [ 439, 650 ], [ 651, 730 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "glycolysis", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The product of this pathway is acted upon by a complex which includes enzymes such as dihydrolipol transacetylase, which is symbolized E2 [\"e two\"]. PFK-1 phosphorylates a terminal hydroxyl group in the second of two \"priming\" steps of this process.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glycolysis", "proto_id": "5476a195ea23cca905511288", "qanta_id": 42250, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The product of this pathway is acted upon by a complex which includes enzymes such as dihydrolipol transacetylase, which is symbolized E2 [\"e two\"]. PFK-1 phosphorylates a terminal hydroxyl group in the second of two \"priming\" steps of this process. Most enzymes in this pathway require magnesium cations, and a five membered ring is made from a six membered ring in the second step of this process. Aldolases yield the DHAP and G3P intermediates of this process. This process is divided into energy investment and payoff phases, and 2 molecules each of ATP and NADH are given off by this process. For 10 points, name this cellular pathway in which glucose is converted into pyruvate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 249 ], [ 250, 399 ], [ 400, 463 ], [ 464, 597 ], [ 598, 684 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Benjamin Britten", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a setting for \"Now sleeps the crimson petal\" which he combined with other pieces to become a Serenade for Tenor, Horn, and Strings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benjamin_Britten", "proto_id": "5476a195ea23cca905511292", "qanta_id": 42260, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer wrote a setting for \"Now sleeps the crimson petal\" which he combined with other pieces to become a Serenade for Tenor, Horn, and Strings. This composer included a \"dance of death\" in the Dies Irae section of a work that commemorated the Mikado dynasty titled Sinfonia da Requiem. He wrote a work that begins with the chorus and bells in a three minute tritone of F# and C; that work, which also contains a setting of \"Anthem for Doomed Youth\", is his War Requiem. He also composed a work consisting of variations and a fugue on a theme from Purcell's Abdelazar that highlights individual instruments of the orchestra. For 10 points, name this composer of The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 293 ], [ 294, 477 ], [ 478, 631 ], [ 632, 711 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Cuchulainn [or Setanta before mentioned]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a fit of rage this hero slaughtered swans and stags and mounted them on his chariot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "C\u00fa_Chulainn", "proto_id": "5476a196ea23cca90551129b", "qanta_id": 42269, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In a fit of rage this hero slaughtered swans and stags and mounted them on his chariot. This man's modesty was abused to quell his anger as he was thrust in vessels of water after he averted his gaze from a group of bare breasted women. This figure demanded that his only son should never reveal his name and he killed that son by Aife despite warnings from his wife Emer. This father of Connla thrust a leather ball down the throat of a hound after a smith released it at a banquet for this man's uncle Conchobar. After that, this person adopted his more familiar name to replace Setanta, his given name. He wields a spear made of sea monster bones, the Gae Bulga. For 10 points, name this son of Lugh and victor of the Cattle Raid of Cooley, an Irish hero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 236 ], [ 237, 372 ], [ 373, 514 ], [ 515, 605 ], [ 606, 665 ], [ 666, 758 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Edvard Hagerup Grieg", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the third section of one work, this composer grouped rhythms in patterns of 13, 22, and 27 notes and continued into a 'hurling' dance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "5476a196ea23cca90551129f", "qanta_id": 42273, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "In the third section of one work, this composer grouped rhythms in patterns of 13, 22, and 27 notes and continued into a 'hurling' dance. This composer included a \"Valse Impromptu\" and a piece called \"Butterfly\" in one collection that opens with \"Arietta.\" This composer, whose Piano Concerto in A Minor was inspired by Schumann's, opened one piece with a flute and oboe playing a melody that symbolizes the rising of the sun. This composer, who used Bach's Third Orchestral Suite as the basis for his Holberg Suite, wrote incidental music that includes the movements \"Morning Mood\" and \"In the Hall of the Mountain King.\" For 10 points, name this composer of Lyric Pieces and the Peer Gynt Suite, who hailed from Norway.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 256 ], [ 257, 426 ], [ 427, 622 ], [ 623, 721 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Carmen", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The title character of this opera sings the aria \"Les tringles des sistres tintaient\" to entertain an antagonist, and one character compares love to a rebellious bird before throwing an object at her future lover, who works under Lieutenant Zuniga.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carmen", "proto_id": "5476a197ea23cca9055112b2", "qanta_id": 42292, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "The title character of this opera sings the aria \"Les tringles des sistres tintaient\" to entertain an antagonist, and one character compares love to a rebellious bird before throwing an object at her future lover, who works under Lieutenant Zuniga. One protagonist of this opera receives a letter from his dying mother asking him to marry Micaela. The second act of this opera is set in Lillas Pastia's inn, where Dancaire and Remendado plan their next exploit. The fate motif plays as the title character's doom is predicted when her friends play cards. The title character of this opera throws away her ring at Escamillo's bull fight, which makes Don Jose stabs her. For 10 points, name this work that contains the Haba\u00f1era, an opera about a gypsy written by Georges Bizet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 248 ], [ 249, 347 ], [ 348, 461 ], [ 462, 554 ], [ 555, 668 ], [ 669, 775 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Baha'i", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In October of 1985, members of this religion were given a document that foretold the coming of a \"Supreme Tribunal\" that would advise all kings and leaders.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "5476a197ea23cca9055112b6", "qanta_id": 42296, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In October of 1985, members of this religion were given a document that foretold the coming of a \"Supreme Tribunal\" that would advise all kings and leaders. That document, which praised the formation of the League of Nations, cited this religion's founder, who foretold the \"planetization of mankind\". That founder of this religion spent four months in the Black Pit and wrote its sacred text the Kitab-i-Aqdas while in exile in Acre. Houses of worship in this religion are nine-sided and have a central dome. A shrine to its founder was built by the Guardian Shoghi Effendi at Haifa. This religion believes that there was a series of Messengers of God from Abraham to the Bab. For 10 points, name this religion founded by Baha'u'llah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 301 ], [ 302, 434 ], [ 435, 509 ], [ 510, 584 ], [ 585, 677 ], [ 678, 735 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Nernst Equation [accept Butler-Volmer equation until mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Deviations from this equation are modeled by an equation which includes a term proportional to the log of the current density, and when that deviation is low, the Stern Geary equation modifies this equation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nernst_equation", "proto_id": "5476a197ea23cca9055112c2", "qanta_id": 42308, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Deviations from this equation are modeled by an equation which includes a term proportional to the log of the current density, and when that deviation is low, the Stern Geary equation modifies this equation. Another modification of this equation predicts that current will increase exponentially with applied voltage, and this equation corrects for the fact that the concentrations of reactants are seldom at one molar. This equation is modified by the Tafel and the Butler-Volmer equations. This equation calculates the change in potential as RT over nF times the ln of the reaction quotient. For 10 points, name this equation that calculates the reduction or oxidation potential of one half cell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 208, 419 ], [ 420, 491 ], [ 492, 593 ], [ 594, 698 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "insulin [accept insulin-like growth factors]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A precursor of this molecule is made up of three distinct portions, one of which is cleaved off by a peptidase.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Insulin", "proto_id": "5476a198ea23cca9055112ca", "qanta_id": 42316, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "A precursor of this molecule is made up of three distinct portions, one of which is cleaved off by a peptidase. This molecule's receptor functions as a tyrosine kinase. A set of growth factors alternatively called somatomedins get their name because they are structurally similar to this molecule. This molecule indirectly promotes fatty acid synthesis because the liver has an upper limit on the amount of glycogen it can store. Binding of this molecule to its receptor causes the movement of glucose transporters to the cell membrane. Glucagon has the opposite effect as this molecule. For 10 points, name this hormone produced in the Islets of Langerhans, whose production or reception is faulty in diabetics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 168 ], [ 169, 297 ], [ 298, 429 ], [ 430, 536 ], [ 537, 587 ], [ 588, 712 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Madame Bovary", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work enjoys making napkin rings on his lathe and is the town tax collector.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476a198ea23cca9055112cd", "qanta_id": 42319, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "One character in this work enjoys making napkin rings on his lathe and is the town tax collector. The lawyer Guillaumin offers to help this novel's protagonist in exchange for sex but the protagoinst deals with Lheureux independently. Justin loves this novel's protagonist and is the assistant to Homais, who argues with Bournisien. Heloise Dubuc was the first wife of a doctor in this novel who botches an operation on Hippolyte's leg. The title character of this novel has affairs with Rodolphe and Leon and lives in Yonville. Because of her debts, this novel's title character takes arsenic to commit suicide. For 10 points, name this novel about Emma, the wife of Charles, written by Gustave Flaubert.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 234 ], [ 235, 332 ], [ 333, 436 ], [ 437, 528 ], [ 529, 612 ], [ 613, 705 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Antonin Leopold Dvorak", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A violin in the treble range on a pentatonic scale represents the song of the Scarlet Tanager in one work by this composer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton\u00edn_Dvo\u0159\u00e1k", "proto_id": "5476a198ea23cca9055112d2", "qanta_id": 42324, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "A violin in the treble range on a pentatonic scale represents the song of the Scarlet Tanager in one work by this composer. The horn theme in one of this composer's works is in E-flat minor, a semitone below the overriding theme. In that same work by this composer, the English horn theme is in D-flat major in a portion whose words were written later by William Arms Fisher as the song \"Goin' Home.\" This composer created six movements of \"fleeting thoughts\" in his Piano Trio in E Minor called \"Dumky.\" One work by this composer calls for four hands on the piano and features two sousedkas and opens with a furiant. This composer of Rusalka featured the tune of \"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot\" in one work. For 10 points, name this composer of the Slavonic Dances and Symphony from the New World.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 229 ], [ 230, 400 ], [ 401, 503 ], [ 503, 504 ], [ 505, 617 ], [ 618, 703 ], [ 704, 793 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "special relativity [prompt on relativity, but do NOT accept or prompt on \"general relativity\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this theory, the dot product must be redefined in order to make it an invariant.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Special_relativity", "proto_id": "5476a198ea23cca9055112d7", "qanta_id": 42329, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "In this theory, the dot product must be redefined in order to make it an invariant. In it, total energy and momentum are unified into a 4-vector. Tests for this theory include particle lifetime experiments and space isotropy measurements. Many effects that occur as a result of this theory involve a term equal to the inverse square root of one minus beta squared. It explains length contraction, and time dilation using the aforementioned Lorentz factor. It states that there is no absolutely stationary frame of reference, and an equation relating energy and mass is derived from this theory. For 10 points, name this theory which states that the speed of light is the same in all inertial reference frames, proposed by Albert Einstein before general relativity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 145 ], [ 146, 238 ], [ 239, 364 ], [ 365, 455 ], [ 456, 594 ], [ 595, 764 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Rastafarianism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This religion believes that one may \"overstand\" something while not understanding it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rastafari", "proto_id": "5476a199ea23cca9055112e2", "qanta_id": 42340, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This religion believes that one may \"overstand\" something while not understanding it. Its eating practices are heavily based on Revelation 22:2, which speaks of the \"leaves of the tree\" and the \"healing of the nation.\" It is based on the teachings of Howell and meets for Groundings where reasonings occur. Its adherents celebrate the holiday of Nyabingi and follow a strict dietary code known as Ital. The Lion of Judah is sacred to this religion along with texts like The Promise Key and The Holy Piby. Babylon is an oppressive force that is contrasted with Zion in this religion that reveres Hailie Selassie. For 10 points, name this Jah-worshipping religion that ritually smokes ganja.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 217 ], [ 217, 306 ], [ 307, 402 ], [ 403, 504 ], [ 505, 611 ], [ 612, 689 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "John Milton Cage Jr.", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this composer's works was inspired by James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and is titled The Wonderful Widow of Eighteen Springs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Cage", "proto_id": "5476a19aea23cca905511305", "qanta_id": 42375, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One of this composer's works was inspired by James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and is titled The Wonderful Widow of Eighteen Springs. He wrote the music for Syvilla Fort's dance piece Bacchanale. This man collaborated with Lejaren Hiller to write HPSCHD (\"Harpsichord\"). This composer used the I Ching to create a piece titled Music of Changes. He claimed it was possible to give \"a single pianist the equivalent of an entire percussion orchestra\" when he coined the term prepared piano. This composer of the Imaginary Landscape series had his most famous work premiered by David Tudor, who opened the keyboard lid of his piano to mark the end of the first movement. For 10 points, name this American composer whose 4'33'' features the performer not playing anything.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 190 ], [ 191, 265 ], [ 266, 339 ], [ 340, 482 ], [ 483, 661 ], [ 662, 762 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "photoelectric effect [accept Hertz effect before mention]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Duane-Hunt law describes an inverse form of this phenomenon produced by the bremsstrahlung.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Photoelectric_effect", "proto_id": "5476a19aea23cca90551130e", "qanta_id": 42384, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The Duane-Hunt law describes an inverse form of this phenomenon produced by the bremsstrahlung. The stopping potential is typically used in experimental measurements of this phenomenon. Millikan was able to measure Planck's constant to within 0.5% precision in a series of experiments on this effect. The change in energy of a certain particle due to it is independent of intensity of the incident radiation. It can only occur when the work function is less than the product of Planck's constant and the frequency of the incident light. For 10 points, name this effect in which photons eject electrons from a metal plate, whose explanation won Einstein the 1905 Nobel Prize.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 185 ], [ 186, 300 ], [ 301, 408 ], [ 409, 536 ], [ 537, 674 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Thorstein Bunde Veblen [or Torsten Bunde Veblen]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "While working on his doctorate, this man wrote such joking essays as \"A Plea for Cannibalism\" and he wrote a more serious essay arguing economics is not an evolutionary science.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thorstein_Veblen", "proto_id": "5476a19bea23cca90551131b", "qanta_id": 42397, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "While working on his doctorate, this man wrote such joking essays as \"A Plea for Cannibalism\" and he wrote a more serious essay arguing economics is not an evolutionary science. In one work, this man attempted to trace many modern practices to the \"barbarian temperament,\" which gives rise to such archetypical concepts as the \"instinct of workmanship,\" the desire to create \"anthropomorphic cults,\" and the practice of \"pecuniary emulation.\" Products that become more desired as they increase in price and scarcity are known as the namesake goods of this man, who theorized that purchases made out of a desire for social visibility constitute \"conspicuous consumption.\" For 10 points, name this sociologist who authored The Theory of the Leisure Class.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 442 ], [ 443, 670 ], [ 671, 753 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Aaron Copland [accept Horace Everett or Erik Johns until \"Horace Everett\"]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, the postman Mr. Splinters delivers a graduation dress for the senior Laurie Moss.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aaron_Copland", "proto_id": "5476a19bea23cca905511325", "qanta_id": 42407, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In one of this man's works, the postman Mr. Splinters delivers a graduation dress for the senior Laurie Moss. Another of his works ends with a section featuring the Bride and her husband \"quiet and strong in their new house\" after earlier listening to a revivalist and his followers. This collaborator with Horace Everett on The Tender Land created a work that includes such sections as \"Corral Nocturne\" and \"Saturday Night Waltz.\" One of his other works utilized variations on the Shaker melody \"Simple Gifts,\" while another of this composer's works ends with a section titled \"Hoe-Down\" and premiered with Agnes DeMille dancing the role of the Cowgirl. For 10 points, name this composer of the ballets Appalachian Spring and Rodeo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 283 ], [ 284, 431 ], [ 431, 655 ], [ 656, 734 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "collagen", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This protein is not affected in Williams syndrome, but lysyl oxidase produces aldehyde groups important to its function.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Collagen", "proto_id": "5476a19cea23cca90551132d", "qanta_id": 42415, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "This protein is not affected in Williams syndrome, but lysyl oxidase produces aldehyde groups important to its function. Integrins serve as cell surface receptors to fibronectin and this protein, and mutations in genes coding for this protein affect glomorular structure and kidney activity in Alport syndrome. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy because it is required for the synthesis of hyrdoxyproline which, along with proline and glycine, makes up most of this protein. This protein is made up of a left handed triple helix, and this protein mineralizes to form bone. For 10 points, name this most abundant protein in the human body, which makes up most connective tissue.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 310 ], [ 311, 474 ], [ 475, 572 ], [ 573, 677 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Salvador Dal\u00ed [accept Salvador Dom\u00e8nec Felipe Jacinto Dal\u00ed i Dom\u00e8nech, Marquis de P\u00fabol]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this artist's paintings is set on a balcony near a sea and shows a series of objects flying off of a kitchen table.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salvador_Dal\u00ed", "proto_id": "5476a19cea23cca905511339", "qanta_id": 42427, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "One of this artist's paintings is set on a balcony near a sea and shows a series of objects flying off of a kitchen table. This artist made one work which shows his wife's face made up of a series of floating balls, and another painting by this artist of Still Life, Fast Moving shows a procession of elephants walking towards the title figure, who hold ups a cross to a long-legged horse. This artist painted Galatea of the Spheres and The Temptation of St. Anthony, and the background of another of his paintings shows the central objects draped across a ledge and a tree. For 10 points, name this artist of The Persistence of Memory.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 266 ], [ 267, 389 ], [ 390, 574 ], [ 575, 636 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Republic of Italy", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One philosopher from this country proposed that there are two forms of magic: one is used to consummate the power of demons, the other is used to fully realize natural philosophy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italy", "proto_id": "5476a19cea23cca90551133a", "qanta_id": 42428, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "One philosopher from this country proposed that there are two forms of magic: one is used to consummate the power of demons, the other is used to fully realize natural philosophy. That thinker argued that figures like Adam can become an angel or a rock in a work that introduces his 900 Theses, his \"Oration on the Dignity of Man.\" Another man from this country popularized Francis Bacon with his \"On the Study Methods of Our Times\" and wrote a work analyzing a statue of Metaphysics in front of a statue of Homer that represents poetry. That work argues that civilization proceeds through the age of the divine, then heroes, then man, and is called The New Science. For 10 points, name this home country of Pico della Mirandola and Giambattista Vico.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 331 ], [ 332, 537 ], [ 538, 666 ], [ 667, 751 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Mary Flannery O'Connor", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, Rayber's son Bishop is drowned when Young Tarwater tries to baptize him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Flannery_O'Connor", "proto_id": "5476a19cea23cca90551133c", "qanta_id": 42430, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one novel by this author, Rayber's son Bishop is drowned when Young Tarwater tries to baptize him. In another novel, Onnie Jay Holly begins to preach and Enoch searches for a friend while the protagonist tries to seduce Sabbath Lily Hawks. This author wrote about Hazel Motes starting his own Church Without Jesus. Julian borrows matches from a well-dressed black man on the bus and his mother tries to give Carver a penny in one story by this author. A monkey lives in a tree outside The Tower where Red Sammy says the title phrase of another work by this author in which the cat Pitty Sing frightens Bailey and he rolls the car. Hiram and Bobby Lee shoot the family and the Misfit kills the grandmother on their way to Florida in one storyl by this author of Everything That Rises Must Converge. For 10 points, name this author of A Good Man is Hard to Find.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 242 ], [ 243, 317 ], [ 318, 454 ], [ 455, 633 ], [ 634, 800 ], [ 801, 863 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Bela Viktor Janos Bartok", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, several tramps recruit a girl to perform a seduction game on the title figure, who seems to mysteriously survive being stabbed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B\u00e9la_Bart\u00f3k", "proto_id": "5476a19dea23cca905511349", "qanta_id": 42443, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "In one of this man's works, several tramps recruit a girl to perform a seduction game on the title figure, who seems to mysteriously survive being stabbed. Another of his compositions is about a hunter's sons being turned into stags and is titled Cantata Profana. This composer produced a piece whose second movement is called \"Game of Pairs\" and has a fourth movement ridiculing Shostakovich's march tune from the Leningrad Symphony. One of his operas has a title location that features a lake of tears and a torture chamber. This composer of The Miraculous Mandarin wrote an opera in which Judith suspects the title character has murdered his former wives. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of Concerto for Orchestra and Duke Bluebeard's Castle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 263 ], [ 264, 434 ], [ 435, 526 ], [ 527, 658 ], [ 659, 757 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Odysseus [or Ulysses; or Ulixes]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After this man's followers failed to follow his instructions, Lampetia informed the gods what happened.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odysseus", "proto_id": "5476a19dea23cca90551135b", "qanta_id": 42461, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "After this man's followers failed to follow his instructions, Lampetia informed the gods what happened. In Book 10 of The Iliad he promised to not kill Dolon during the Trojan War, but he killed him anyway. This man is the subject of the most notable nostos, and he and his men are nearly killed by Laestrygonians. Palamedes thwarted this man's plot to sow salt in his fields to feign insanity. After being shown hospitality by the swineherd Eumaeus, a scar on his leg gave him away to his aged nurse Eurycleia. This son of Anticleia owned a dog Argus that died shortly after recognizing him, and he revealed his true identity before murdering his wife's suitors. For 10 points, name this king of Ithaca who returned to his son Telemachus and his wife Penelope after twenty years of absence.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 206 ], [ 207, 314 ], [ 315, 394 ], [ 395, 511 ], [ 512, 663 ], [ 664, 791 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia [accept Abyssinia, accept Axum until mentioned to be nice]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country's capital fell in a propaganda stunt called the \"March of the Iron Will,\" ending a conflict begun by the Walwal incident.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethiopia", "proto_id": "5476a19eea23cca90551136d", "qanta_id": 42479, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This country's capital fell in a propaganda stunt called the \"March of the Iron Will,\" ending a conflict begun by the Walwal incident. When one of its rulers took hostages, Robert Napier led an expedition that won the battle of Magdala, during which that ruler killed himself. This country ceded part of its northern territory in the Treaty of Wuchale. When speaking to the League of Nations, a ruler of this country warned \"It is us today. It will be you tomorrow.\" It won a major military victory by thrashing the forces of Oreste Baratieri. This country won the battle of Adowa under Menelik II and was home to the ancient Christian empire of Axum. Italy invaded this African nation in 1935. For 10 points, name this country once led by Emperor Haile Selassie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 276 ], [ 277, 352 ], [ 353, 440 ], [ 441, 465 ], [ 465, 543 ], [ 544, 651 ], [ 652, 694 ], [ 695, 763 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Leo Tolstoy", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a short novel whose title character kills Gamzat and joins his enemies, hoping to kill Shamil.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "proto_id": "5476a1b0ea23cca90551152a", "qanta_id": 42924, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This author wrote a short novel whose title character kills Gamzat and joins his enemies, hoping to kill Shamil. The protagonist of another novel by this author unsuccessfully attempts to marry the prostitute Maslova to prevent her from spending time in prison. This author of Hadji Murat and Resurrection wrote about a judge who dies after falling while putting up curtains. A novel by this man opens with the title character's visit to Stepan Oblonsky's estate after his wife Dolly discovers his affair. The title character of that work has an affair with Count Vronsky and throws herself in front of a train. For 10 points, name this Russian author of Anna Karenina and War and Peace.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 261 ], [ 262, 375 ], [ 376, 505 ], [ 506, 611 ], [ 612, 687 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poem ends with a character waking up as \"a sadder and wiser man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner", "proto_id": "5476a1b1ea23cca90551153c", "qanta_id": 42942, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This poem ends with a character waking up as \"a sadder and wiser man.\" In this poem, one character bites down on his arm and drinks his blood to shout for help. Earlier, that character is saved by a hermit, a pilot, and the pilot's son. The nightmarish Life-in-Death loses the lives of \"four times fifty living men\" in a dice game to Death in this poem, which was included in the collection Lyrical Ballads. The main character of this poem, who has a \"glittering eye\" and a long beard, describes the presence of \"water, water everywhere / nor any drop to drink\" to a wedding guest. For 10 points, name this poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge about the titular albatross-killing sailor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 69, 160 ], [ 161, 236 ], [ 237, 407 ], [ 408, 581 ], [ 582, 682 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "One Hundred Years of Solitude", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A character in this novel is incapacitated when she sits on a hot stove in shock after an invasion by Sir Francis Drake.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "proto_id": "5476a1b1ea23cca90551153f", "qanta_id": 42945, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A character in this novel is incapacitated when she sits on a hot stove in shock after an invasion by Sir Francis Drake. Another character in this novel dresses his concubine Petra Cotes as Queen of Madagascar, a reference to his wife, Fernanda del Carpio. While folding a sheet, Remedios the Beauty abruptly floats to heaven in this novel, whose opening chapters feature annual interactions between an excitable inventor and a band of gypsies led by Melquiades. This magical realist novel traces seven generations of the Buend\u00eda family in the fictional town of Macondo. For 10 points, name this novel by Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 256 ], [ 257, 462 ], [ 463, 570 ], [ 571, 628 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Percy Bysshe Shelley", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's poems urges listeners to \"Rise like lions after slumber / in unvanquishable number,\" as \"Ye are many--they are few.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Percy_Bysshe_Shelley", "proto_id": "5476a1b1ea23cca905511547", "qanta_id": 42953, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One of this author's poems urges listeners to \"Rise like lions after slumber / in unvanquishable number,\" as \"Ye are many--they are few.\" Another poem by this man states, \"The breath whose might I have invoked in song / Descends on me\" and asks \"where was lorn Urania\" when the title figure died. That work by this author of The Masque of Anarchy states that a certain soul \"Beacons from the abode where the Eternal are\" and repeatedly asks the reader to weep for Adonais. Another of this poet's speakers recalls a sculpture of a king whose pedestal reads \"Look on my works ye mighty, and despair!\" For 10 points, name this Romantic poet of \"Ozymandias.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 296 ], [ 297, 472 ], [ 473, 598 ], [ 599, 654 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "string quartets", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Karlheinz Stockhausen composed one of these works that is meant to be played with each of the musicians in a helicopter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "String_quartet", "proto_id": "5476a1b2ea23cca90551154d", "qanta_id": 42959, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Karlheinz Stockhausen composed one of these works that is meant to be played with each of the musicians in a helicopter. Mozart wrote nineteen of these, the last of which was nicknamed \"Dissonance\" for its unusually slow introduction. It's not a symphony, but one of these works that uses the pentatonic scale was composed in Spillville, Iowa by Antonin Dvorak. The \"Erdody\" and \"Sun\" examples of these were written by a composer sometimes called the \"father\" of this musical type, Josef Haydn. For 10 points, name these works composed for a group of two violins, a viola, and a cello.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 234 ], [ 235, 361 ], [ 362, 494 ], [ 495, 585 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "black holes", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The geometry of the surroundings of these objects can be described by Flamm's paraboloid.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476a1b2ea23cca905511555", "qanta_id": 42967, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The geometry of the surroundings of these objects can be described by Flamm's paraboloid. Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates are useful for doing calculations with them, and their surroundings exhibit extreme frame-dragging. These objects cause the most dramatic examples of spaghettification, and all solutions to the Einstein field equations for them can be characterized by mass, charge, and angular momentum according to the no-hair theorem. These objects have collapsed within their Schwarzschild radius, at which their escape velocity exceeds the speed of light. For 10 points, name these regions of spacetime, beyond whose event horizons not even light can escape.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 218 ], [ 219, 439 ], [ 440, 562 ], [ 563, 665 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Importance of Being Earnest, A Trivial Comedy for Serious People", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A character in this play is late to a social event because she visits the newly-widowed Lady Harcourt, who she says looks twenty years younger.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest", "proto_id": "5476a1b3ea23cca90551156f", "qanta_id": 42993, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "A character in this play is late to a social event because she visits the newly-widowed Lady Harcourt, who she says looks twenty years younger. Another character in this play slights an assumed romantic rival by asking Merriman to give her cake. In this play, whose second act is set at Manor House, Dr. Chasuble courts Miss Prism, who once accidentally left a baby at Victoria Station. Lady Bracknell becomes infuriated upon learning that both male leads of this play have gone Bunburying, and this play centers on Jack's courting of Gwendolen Fairfax. For 10 points, name this Oscar Wilde play in which both Jack and Algernon Moncrieff take on the titular false first name.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 245 ], [ 246, 386 ], [ 387, 553 ], [ 554, 675 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Carthage", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This city was the center of a Christian sect that refused to recognize sacraments performed by \"traditiores\" known as Donatism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carthage", "proto_id": "5476a1b3ea23cca905511571", "qanta_id": 42995, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classic", "text": "This city was the center of a Christian sect that refused to recognize sacraments performed by \"traditiores\" known as Donatism. Gaius Gracchus founded a short-lived Roman colony here, and the Battle of Ad Decimum let Belisarius recapture this city from Gelimer, a king of the Vandals. According to legend, this city was founded around the hill of Byrsa in the land contained by a single oxhide. This city's forces were opposed by the Fabian strategy and won at battles like Lake Trasimene, the Trebia, and Cannae, though it was burned to the ground after Scipio Africanus defeated. For 10 points, name this African rival of Rome and home of Hannibal Barca.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 284 ], [ 285, 394 ], [ 395, 581 ], [ 582, 656 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Samuel Beckett", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A poem by this author begins by asking \"What's that? An Egg?\" and is based on a biography of Rene Descartes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Beckett", "proto_id": "5476a1b4ea23cca905511584", "qanta_id": 43014, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "A poem by this author begins by asking \"What's that? An Egg?\" and is based on a biography of Rene Descartes. This author of \"Whoroscope\" wrote a play in which the title man remembers making love to a girl in a punt and laughs at the word \"spool.\" Another play by this author of Krapp's Last Tape begins and ends with Clov stating \"it's finished, it's nearly finished,\" and includes characters named Nagg and Nell who live in trash cans. In his most famous play, Lucky and Pozzo alternate between leading and being led on a rope, and the title character never arrives. For 10 points, name this absurdist Irish playwright of Endgame and Waiting for Godot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 246 ], [ 247, 436 ], [ 437, 567 ], [ 568, 653 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Nathaniel Hawthorne", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's stories, John Endicott breaks up a festive wedding after deciding that Edgar and Edith are having too much fun.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nathaniel_Hawthorne", "proto_id": "5476a1b4ea23cca905511593", "qanta_id": 43029, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one of this author's stories, John Endicott breaks up a festive wedding after deciding that Edgar and Edith are having too much fun. Robin hopes to be apprenticed to a man who gets tarred and feathered in another short story by this author of \"The May-Pole of Merry Mount,\" who wrote about Widow Wycherley and Colonel Killigrew sampling the Fountain of Youth in one short story. In a novel by this man, Pearl is born to the wife of Roger Chillingworth but is the daughter of the reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, forcing Hester to mark her clothing with an \"A\" for adultery. For 10 points, name this American author of \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\" and The Scarlet Letter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 381 ], [ 382, 571 ], [ 572, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Hadrian [or Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This Roman emperor recognized Osroes I of Parthia, who this man's predecessor had deposed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hadrian", "proto_id": "5476a1b5ea23cca90551159e", "qanta_id": 43040, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classic", "text": "This Roman emperor recognized Osroes I of Parthia, who this man's predecessor had deposed. This man created a secret police, the frumentarii, to keep order while he traveled, as well as a Panhellenion League to unify Greek cities. This ruler fabricated a conspiracy led by Lucius Quietus and had him executed, shortly before he quelled a revolt supported by Rabbi Akiva, the Bar Kokhba rebellion. This man had his lover Antonius deified after he drowned in the Nile. His most famous achievement was a fortification built to keep marauding Picts out of a northern province. For 10 points, name this successor of Trajan whose namesake wall can still be seen in Britain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 230 ], [ 231, 396 ], [ 397, 466 ], [ 467, 572 ], [ 573, 667 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Australia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One event in this country may have begun due to the death of James Scobie and was a rebellion that arose due to an increase in fees for mining licenses.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Australia", "proto_id": "5476a1b6ea23cca9055115b4", "qanta_id": 43062, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One event in this country may have begun due to the death of James Scobie and was a rebellion that arose due to an increase in fees for mining licenses. In this country, a revolt that started after the arrest of John Macarthur eventually included the deposition of William Bligh by George Johnston. One event in this country's history saw children taken from their parents to be raised by whites; those children were later referred to as the Stolen Generations. The Rum Rebellion and Eureka Stockade occurred in this country, which is also home to the Aborigines. For 10 points, name this country with current Prime Minister Tony Abbott and capital Canberra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 298 ], [ 299, 461 ], [ 462, 563 ], [ 564, 658 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Italo Calvino", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The closing chapter of one novel by this man unites the stories of Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear through the card of the Chariot, part of a tarot deck used throughout the work by mute travelers to tell each other stories.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italo_Calvino", "proto_id": "5476a1b6ea23cca9055115bf", "qanta_id": 43073, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "The closing chapter of one novel by this man unites the stories of Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear through the card of the Chariot, part of a tarot deck used throughout the work by mute travelers to tell each other stories. This author also wrote a work in which Irnerio makes art out of books written by people like Silas Flannery but refuses ones by Ermes Marana. That work sees the protagonist uncover a conspiracy to manufacture false novels, accompanied by his love interest Ludmilla. Another novel by this man sees Marco Polo tell Kubla Khan about the various places he has visited. For 10 points, name this Italian author of Invisible Cities and If on a winter's night a traveler.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 222 ], [ 223, 364 ], [ 365, 488 ], [ 489, 587 ], [ 588, 686 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Baruch Spinoza [or Benedict de Spinoza]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This philosopher divided knowledge into received opinion, scientific reason, and a grasp of the system of the cosmos via intuition.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baruch_Spinoza", "proto_id": "5476a1b7ea23cca9055115cb", "qanta_id": 43085, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This philosopher divided knowledge into received opinion, scientific reason, and a grasp of the system of the cosmos via intuition. He described passions stemming from one's own nature as \"active\" and those from external causes as \"passive.\" In one work, he posited that Ezra rather than Moses wrote the Pentateuch. This author of On the Improvement of the Understanding divided the characteristics of reality into substance, attribute, and mode in a book written in \"geometric order,\" which declared that God and Nature are one, a statement of his pantheism. For 10 points, name this 17th century Dutch Jewish philosopher who wrote Tractacus Theologico-Politicus and Ethics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 241 ], [ 242, 315 ], [ 316, 330 ], [ 331, 559 ], [ 560, 675 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Spain", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A poem by a writer from this country states that \"a boy brought the white sheet\" and \"a frail of lime [was] ready prepared\" at \"five in the afternoon,\" when the titular man was killed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "5476a1b7ea23cca9055115d5", "qanta_id": 43095, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "A poem by a writer from this country states that \"a boy brought the white sheet\" and \"a frail of lime [was] ready prepared\" at \"five in the afternoon,\" when the titular man was killed. The author of a memoir set in this nation fought for the POUM against fascism before getting shot in the throat. A play written by an author from this nation features a monologue delivered by the Moon, who witnesses a duel between a groom and Leonardo. That play forms a trilogy with Yerma and The House of Bernarda Alba, and is entitled Blood Wedding. For 10 points, name this home country of Federico Garcia Lorca, also the setting of George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 297 ], [ 298, 437 ], [ 438, 537 ], [ 538, 658 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Franz Peter Schubert", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the 20th century, Raymond Leppard worked over Joseph Joachim's orchestration of one of this composer's pieces, a sonata in C called the Grand Duo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Schubert", "proto_id": "5476a1b7ea23cca9055115dd", "qanta_id": 43103, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "In the 20th century, Raymond Leppard worked over Joseph Joachim's orchestration of one of this composer's pieces, a sonata in C called the Grand Duo. The tonality of the Andante second section of one work by this composer rises chromatically from F major to A minor. The two symphonies this composer wrote in C major are differentiated by the words \"Great\" and \"Little\" and he also wrote a work that replaces a usual violin with a double bass and depicts a swimming fish. This man's eighth symphony has only two movements that known to be complete. For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of the Trout Quintet and his Unfinished Symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 266 ], [ 267, 471 ], [ 472, 548 ], [ 549, 641 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "France", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one film from this country, a man claiming to work for the Figaro-Pravda named Lemmy Caution arrives in the titular city to capture Professor von Braun.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "France", "proto_id": "5476a1b7ea23cca9055115e0", "qanta_id": 43106, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In one film from this country, a man claiming to work for the Figaro-Pravda named Lemmy Caution arrives in the titular city to capture Professor von Braun. A film from this country by the same director follows an admirer of Humphrey Bogart who dates the American Patricia, who sells copies of the New York Herald. In another film from this country, a boy lies about his mother dying to his schoolteacher Sourpuss, and later steals a typewriter from his father's office. Those films are Alphaville, Breathless, and The 400 Blows. For 10 points, name this nation that experienced a New Wave movement in the 1960s, the home country of Jean-Luc Godard and Francois Truffaut.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 313 ], [ 314, 469 ], [ 470, 528 ], [ 529, 670 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "simple harmonic oscillator [prompt on spring; prompt on pendulum; accept quantum harmonic oscillator until \"elliptic integrals\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The uncertainty principle explains why one version of this system has a zero point energy of one-half h-bar times omega.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Harmonic_oscillator", "proto_id": "5476a1b8ea23cca9055115f6", "qanta_id": 43128, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The uncertainty principle explains why one version of this system has a zero point energy of one-half h-bar times omega. This system will decay to a steady state most quickly when zeta equals one. One example of this system can be analyzed exactly using elliptic integrals, or approximately using the small-angle approximation. These systems experience unbounded growth in amplitude if driven at the resonant frequency, and their motion can be generally described using Hooke's law. For 10 points, name these systems which experience a restoring force proportional to displacement, exemplified by pendulums and springs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 196 ], [ 197, 327 ], [ 328, 482 ], [ 483, 619 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Antonio Lucio Vivaldi [prompt on \"the Red Priest\" before mention]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Nicolas Ch\u00e9deville impersonated this composer in his \"The Faithful Shepherd\" after making an agreement with Jean-Noel Marchand.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "5476a1b9ea23cca905511604", "qanta_id": 43142, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Nicolas Ch\u00e9deville impersonated this composer in his \"The Faithful Shepherd\" after making an agreement with Jean-Noel Marchand. He utilized the ritornello form in several works from a collection of 12 string concerti that pioneered that genre. A pastoral dance in Allegro ends another of his concerti, whose first movement's depiction of birds is cut short by a trill representing a storm. This composer of L'estro armonico is best known for a set of four works included in The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, name this Italian composer nicknamed \"the Red Priest,\" whose \"La primavera,\" or \"Spring,\" is part of The Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 243 ], [ 244, 389 ], [ 390, 516 ], [ 517, 650 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Nighthawks", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Mark Kostabi's parody of this painting features an open book lying outside to the left and is named for the street near Mulry Square.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nighthawks", "proto_id": "5476a1b9ea23cca90551160d", "qanta_id": 43151, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "Mark Kostabi's parody of this painting features an open book lying outside to the left and is named for the street near Mulry Square. A building in this painting is painted red in its top half and green in its bottom half, and a cash register can be seen through its raised blinds. A yellow door is on the right inside the main building in this work, and stands next to two metal tanks. In front of those tanks is a blonde man in white, who is preparing an order for a woman in red and the man sitting next to her. This painting features an advertisement announcing Phillies cigars that cost five cents. For 10 points, name this painting of four people at a diner by Edward Hopper.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 281 ], [ 282, 386 ], [ 387, 514 ], [ 515, 603 ], [ 604, 681 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Hungary [or Magyarorszag]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Just before the First Crusade, this country saw the sudden death of its ruler Ladislas I, who along with Coloman the Book-Lover was a member of this country's Arpad Dynasty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "5476a1bbea23cca90551162f", "qanta_id": 43185, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "Just before the First Crusade, this country saw the sudden death of its ruler Ladislas I, who along with Coloman the Book-Lover was a member of this country's Arpad Dynasty. The Black Army of this country was led by its ruler Matthias Corvinus. A White Terror was inflicted on this country's population by its leader during World War II, Miklos Horthy, who led an army to depose his communist predecessor, Bela Kun. The Soviet Union crushed a 1956 independence movement in this country led by Imre Nagy. Following the Compromise of 1867 or Ausgleich, this country formed a dual monarchy with Austria. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Budapest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 244 ], [ 245, 415 ], [ 416, 503 ], [ 504, 600 ], [ 601, 659 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Edward William Elgar", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Anthony Payne completed the third symphony by this composer, who also wrote a work in which the soloist plays a melody in B flat major throughout an Adagio third movement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "5476a1bbea23cca90551163d", "qanta_id": 43199, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Anthony Payne completed the third symphony by this composer, who also wrote a work in which the soloist plays a melody in B flat major throughout an Adagio third movement. Jacqueline du Pre gained fame for performing this composer's E minor cello concerto, while a man is visited by an angel in a work by him that was inspired by a Cardinal Newman poem. \"Nimrod\" is part of a work by this composer that sets fourteen variations on an unknown theme. For 10 points, name this English composer of The Dream of Gerontius and the Enigma Variations, who may be most famous for one of his Pomp and Circumstance played at graudations.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 353 ], [ 354, 448 ], [ 449, 626 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Islamic Republic of {Pakistan} [or Islami Jumhuri-ye Pakistan]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Floods in this country are controlled by the Tarbela and Mangla Dams.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pakistan", "proto_id": "5476a1bbea23cca905511640", "qanta_id": 43202, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "Floods in this country are controlled by the Tarbela and Mangla Dams. The Khojak and Broghol Passes connect this country with its northwestern neighbor, whose border with this country also contains the Sulaiman Mountains. This country, which is demarcated from its northwestern neighbor by the Durand Line, contains the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, which share a capital at Peshawar. Its highest point is located in the Karakoram Mountains and is named Mount Godwin-Austen, or K2. For 10 points, name this South Asian country that disputes control of Kashmir with India and contains the cities of Karachi and Islamabad.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 221 ], [ 222, 423 ], [ 424, 520 ], [ 521, 659 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "World War I [or the Great War or the First World War]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After challenging a schoolmaster's ideas about this war, Willy becomes a teacher in a novel in which Ludwig Breyer is injured in a riot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "World_War_I", "proto_id": "5476a1bcea23cca905511652", "qanta_id": 43220, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "After challenging a schoolmaster's ideas about this war, Willy becomes a teacher in a novel in which Ludwig Breyer is injured in a riot. Detering deserts during this war after he sees a blossom that makes him homesick. The experiences of soldiers returning home from this war were described in the novel The Road Back. While dying of a leg wound in a novel set during this war, Kemmerich asks that his shoes be given to M\u00fcller. That novel focuses on the Second Company, led by Corporal Himmelstoss, who treats Paul B\u00e4umer ruthlessly. For 10 points, name this war that made heavy use of trenches, as described in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 218 ], [ 219, 318 ], [ 319, 427 ], [ 428, 533 ], [ 534, 666 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "George Gershwin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "John McCormack noted that after hearing one of this man's works, Rachmaninoff started to play jazz pieces in his spare time.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Gershwin", "proto_id": "5476a1bcea23cca905511656", "qanta_id": 43224, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "John McCormack noted that after hearing one of this man's works, Rachmaninoff started to play jazz pieces in his spare time. His song \"Rialto Ripples\" was the basis for the theme of the last of his Three Preludes, intended to be part of a large work called The Melting Pot. Walter Damrsoch commissioned this man to write a work that begins with a rhythm based on the Charleston, his Concerto in F. Another one of this composer's works, subtitled \"An Experiment in Modern Music,\" was inspired by a train ride he took from Boston to New York and begins with a clarinet glissando. For 10 points, name this composer of Rhapsody in Blue.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 273 ], [ 274, 397 ], [ 398, 577 ], [ 578, 632 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Moli\u00e8re [or Jean-Baptiste Poquelin]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one play by this author, two suitors dress their footmen as nobles to seduce the girls that rejected their marriage proposals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moli\u00e8re", "proto_id": "5476a1bdea23cca905511668", "qanta_id": 43242, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "In one play by this author, two suitors dress their footmen as nobles to seduce the girls that rejected their marriage proposals. In another play by this author of The Pretentious Young Ladies, a hypochondriac tries to arrange a marriage between Thomas Diaforious and Cl\u00e9ante in order to get free medical treatment. This author of The Imaginary Invalid wrote a play in which Harpagon agrees to let his son marry the girl he loves in exchange for his box of money, while another of his plays ends with the betrothal of Mariane to Val\u00e8re after the title hypocrite tries to seduce Elmire, Orgon's wife. For 10 points, name this French playwright of The Miser and Tartuffe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 315 ], [ 316, 599 ], [ 600, 669 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Sir Francis Bacon", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work, this philosopher rejected an earlier thinker's conception of \"anticipation of nature\" in favor of an \"interpretation of nature\" based on observation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Francis_Bacon", "proto_id": "5476a1bdea23cca90551166a", "qanta_id": 43244, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In one work, this philosopher rejected an earlier thinker's conception of \"anticipation of nature\" in favor of an \"interpretation of nature\" based on observation. He invented an ideal university called Salomon's House in a work set on the fictional island of Bensalem. He labeled the false notions we learn through received definitions of words as the \"Idols of the Market,\" which appear alongside the Idols of the Tribe, Cave, and the Theatre in a work that attempts to replace Aristotelian syllogism with eliminative induction. For 10 points, name this 17th-century English author of The New Atlantis and Novum Organum, who contributed to the birth of the Scientific Revolution.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 268 ], [ 269, 529 ], [ 530, 680 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Jean-Jacques Rousseau", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This philosopher argued that man is distinguished from other animals by his \"perfectibility\" and discussed the ill effects of the progression from non-destructive to destructive modes of \"self-love\" in one work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "5476a1beea23cca905511678", "qanta_id": 43258, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This philosopher argued that man is distinguished from other animals by his \"perfectibility\" and discussed the ill effects of the progression from non-destructive to destructive modes of \"self-love\" in one work. That work by this philosopher describes the true founder of civil society as the first man to fence in a piece of land and proclaim, \"this is mine.\" The most famous work of this author of Discourse on Inequality outlines a process in which humans give up their natural rights in favor of the general will, and begins with the line \"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.\" For 10 points, name this Swiss philosopher who wrote The Social Contract.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 211 ], [ 212, 359 ], [ 359, 360 ], [ 361, 593 ], [ 593, 668 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Yukio Mishima [accept Mishima Yukio or Kimitake Hiraoka]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters is a bicyclist who gives up her job at the Naval Hospital, and is later shot in the back at the Kongo Temple.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yukio_Mishima", "proto_id": "5476a1beea23cca905511680", "qanta_id": 43266, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One of this author's characters is a bicyclist who gives up her job at the Naval Hospital, and is later shot in the back at the Kongo Temple. Another of this man's characters watches a soldier drink breast milk out of a cup of tea and is paid in cigarettes to run over the stomach of a pregnant girl. This author also wrote about the homosexual Kochan, who admires a painting of St. Sebastian, in Confessions of a Mask. The protagonist meets various reincarnations of his friend Kiyoaki in a series by this author about Shigekuni Honda. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of The Temple of the Golden Pavilion and The Sea of Fertility, who committed seppuku after a failed coup.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 300 ], [ 301, 419 ], [ 420, 536 ], [ 537, 683 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "colloids [prompt on \"dispersions\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Otto Stern proposed a slipping plane in these systems, at which ions with non-negligible volume adsorb to a surface, modifying the Helmholtz and Gouy-Chapman models.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Colloid", "proto_id": "5476a1bfea23cca905511693", "qanta_id": 43285, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Otto Stern proposed a slipping plane in these systems, at which ions with non-negligible volume adsorb to a surface, modifying the Helmholtz and Gouy-Chapman models. These systems are stabilized through the addition of a salt, called peptization. Because these materials effectively scatter light with low wavelengths, they often appear blue when light is shined through them in the Tyndall effect. Flocculation disrupts these systems, which are defined to be dispersions with particle diameter between a nanometer and a micrometer. For 10 points, name these systems of in which one substance is dispersed throughout another, exemplified by foams, emulsions, and aerosols.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 246 ], [ 247, 398 ], [ 399, 532 ], [ 533, 672 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "dogs", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Welsh myth, Arawn became angry when Pwyll mistreated some red-eared ones of these animals that belonged to him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "5476a1bfea23cca90551169d", "qanta_id": 43295, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In Welsh myth, Arawn became angry when Pwyll mistreated some red-eared ones of these animals that belonged to him. In order to end a paradox concerning the Teumessian Fox, Zeus turned one of these animals to stone, though he had originally gifted it to Europa. One of these animals from Norse mythology lived in Helheim, was fated to kill Tyr, and was named Garm. One that lived in Ithaca died after seeing Odysseus come home and was named Argus. Another of these animals was captured by Heracles for his twelfth labor and guarded the entrance to the realm of Hades. For 10 points, name these animals whose mythological examples include the three-headed Cerberus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 260 ], [ 261, 363 ], [ 364, 446 ], [ 447, 566 ], [ 567, 663 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Sergei Prokofiev", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one ballet by this composer, Danilo is shown the title object by the Mistress of the Copper Mountain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "5476a1c9ea23cca90551178a", "qanta_id": 43532, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In one ballet by this composer, Danilo is shown the title object by the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. In another ballet by him, music for grasshoppers and dragonflies comes between the variations for the Summer Fairy and Autumn Fairy. In one ballet by him, an \"Aubade\" if followed by the \"Dance of the Girls with Lilies\". One ballet by this composer of The Stone Flower features the sisters Skinny and Dumpy. Jascha Heifetz arranged for violin and piano a \"March\" from one of this composer's operas. In that opera by him, the magician Tchelio loses a card game to Fata Morgana, who curses the Prince with the title obsession. In one of his ballets, the \"Dance of the Knights\" depicts the tension between the Montagues and Capulets. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet and the opera The Love for Three Oranges.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 237 ], [ 238, 324 ], [ 325, 411 ], [ 412, 502 ], [ 503, 628 ], [ 629, 734 ], [ 735, 865 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Ares [accept Mars until \"Greek\" is read]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this figure's consorts was Otrera, the daughter of the east wind Eurus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ares", "proto_id": "5476a1ccea23cca9055117c6", "qanta_id": 43592, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "One of this figure's consorts was Otrera, the daughter of the east wind Eurus. He rescued his daughter Alcippe by killing her would-be rapist Hallirhothius. He was wounded after attempting to avenge the death of one of his sons, who had been killed while trying to add Heracles to his temple of skulls. During the Gigantomachy, this father of the Macedonian Cycnus was imprisoned in a bronze jar by Otus and Ephialtes. Another of his children was the Ismenian dragon slain by Cadmus during the founding of Thebes; Cadmus later propitiated this god by marrying his daughter Harmonia. He turned Alectryon into a rooster after the youth's sleepiness led to Helios discovering this god's affair with Aphrodite. Phobos and Deimos accompanied this son of Zeus and Hera into battle. For 10 points, name this Greek god of war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 156 ], [ 157, 302 ], [ 303, 418 ], [ 419, 582 ], [ 583, 706 ], [ 707, 775 ], [ 776, 818 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Claude(-Achille) Debussy", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one piano piece by this composer, \"God Save the Queen\" is banged out in bass octaves at the opening of an homage to a Dickens character.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "5476a1ceea23cca9055117ff", "qanta_id": 43649, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "In one piano piece by this composer, \"God Save the Queen\" is banged out in bass octaves at the opening of an homage to a Dickens character. A pentatonic section in G-flat is sandwiched between two sections using only notes from the whole-tone scale in the second piece from his first book of Preludes. A collection of piano pieces by this composer of \"Voiles\" closes with a \"Passepied\" in F-sharp minor. One piece by him opens with a solo flute playing a chromatically descending tritone from C-sharp to G. A poem by Verlaine about moonlight inspired one movement of his Suite Bergamasque. He wrote an orchestral work that contains the movement \"Play of the Waves\" For 10 points, name this French Impressionist composer of \"Clair de Lune\", Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, and La Mer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 301 ], [ 302, 403 ], [ 404, 589 ], [ 590, 664 ], [ 665, 787 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "precession [prompt on relativistic effects]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This name is given to a method, developed by Buerger, of producing an undistorted picture of the reciprocal lattice in X-ray crystallography.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Precession", "proto_id": "5476a1cfea23cca905511809", "qanta_id": 43659, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This name is given to a method, developed by Buerger, of producing an undistorted picture of the reciprocal lattice in X-ray crystallography. This phenomenon was used by a satellite locked to IM Pegasi, Gravity Probe B, to test general relativity. A relativistic correction named for it results from the noncommutativity of nonaligned Lorentz transforms and reduces the spin-orbit interaction by a factor of two. A discrepancy in this phenomenon for the perihelion of Mercury was resolved by general relativity. It is experienced by a magnetic moment in an external magnetic field in an effect named for Larmor. Small oscillations around the path of this phenomenon are called nutations. For 10 points, identify this phenomenon in which the rotational axis of a body changes direction, an effect which can be illustrated with a gyroscope and is often induced by torque.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 247 ], [ 248, 412 ], [ 413, 511 ], [ 512, 611 ], [ 612, 687 ], [ 688, 869 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Edvard (Hagerup) Grieg", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer revised Anton Seidl's orchestration of his piano pieces for a suite that included a new arrangement of his \"Shepherd's Boy\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "5476a1cfea23cca90551180b", "qanta_id": 43661, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer revised Anton Seidl's orchestration of his piano pieces for a suite that included a new arrangement of his \"Shepherd's Boy\". The original version of one movement by him concludes with a male chorus singing \"Kill him! Kill him!\" at its climax. One work by him opens with a pentatonic melody for flute in 6/8 time over alternating E major and C-sharp minor chords. That work by him includes a mazurka for strings and triangle. He included an arrangement of his \"March of the Dwarves\" in his Lyric Suite. A timpani roll directly precedes the entrance of the pianist at the opening of his Piano Concerto in A minor. Incidental music he wrote spawned suites including the movements \"Morning Mood\" and \"In the Hall of the Mountain King\". For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer of the Peer Gynt Suites.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 230 ], [ 231, 241 ], [ 242, 256 ], [ 257, 376 ], [ 377, 438 ], [ 439, 515 ], [ 516, 625 ], [ 626, 745 ], [ 746, 814 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "(Harold) Athol (Lanigan) Fugard", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one play by this author, a woman shows an old man the bruises her husband gave her after blaming her for dropping a sack of empty bottles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athol_Fugard", "proto_id": "5476a1cfea23cca905511815", "qanta_id": 43671, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one play by this author, a woman shows an old man the bruises her husband gave her after blaming her for dropping a sack of empty bottles. In one of his plays, a description of a ballroom dancing competition leads to the image of \"A World Without Collisions\". In one play by him, a character beats the corpse of Outa after being forced to move when his shack in Korsten was bulldozed. This author also wrote a play in which a servant fashions tomato-box wood and brown paper into a kite for a young boy so that he will always have something to look up to. In that play by this author of Boesman and Lena, the news of the release of his crippled, alcoholic father from the hospital causes Hally to grows crueler to his black friends Sam and Willie. For 10 points, name this South African playwright of Master Harold\u0085and the boys.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 262 ], [ 263, 387 ], [ 388, 558 ], [ 559, 750 ], [ 751, 831 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Milan Kundera", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a short story by this author, an atheist teacher pretends to be a believer to win Alice, but gets in trouble with the school authorities for his religiosity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Milan_Kundera", "proto_id": "5476a1d0ea23cca905511824", "qanta_id": 43686, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "In a short story by this author, an atheist teacher pretends to be a believer to win Alice, but gets in trouble with the school authorities for his religiosity. This author of \"Eduard and God\" created a character who stands naked in front of a mirror wearing only her father's bowler hat. In one novel by this author of Laughable Loves, Helena is seduced by a scientist seeking revenge on her husband. A postcard saying \"Optimism is the opium of the people!\" causes Ludvik Jahn to be expelled from Communist Party in another work by this man. A dog named Karenin dies even after his tumor is removed in a novel by him in which Sabina has an affair with the surgeon Tomas, who is married to Tereza. For 10 points, name this Czech author of The Joke and The Unbearable Lightness of Being.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 288 ], [ 289, 401 ], [ 402, 542 ], [ 543, 697 ], [ 698, 786 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The statement that objects that share all properties are identical is this thinker's principle of the identity of indiscernibles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz", "proto_id": "5476a1d2ea23cca905511854", "qanta_id": 43734, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The statement that objects that share all properties are identical is this thinker's principle of the identity of indiscernibles. This thinker argued against the Cartesian account of substances by noting that matter is divisible, and wrote that since substances cannot interact, God has established mind and body in a \"pre-established harmony.\" In his argument that a substance expresses the whole universe, this philosopher developed the idea of \"petits perceptions,\" found in a book in which he represented himself as Theophilius and John Locke as Philalethe. He claimed that extension can only arise from things without extension, posting a single type of substantial form that is simple and indivisible. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who wrote New Essays on Human Understanding, Theodicy, and Monadology, the inspiration of Pangloss in Voltaire's Candide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 344 ], [ 345, 561 ], [ 562, 707 ], [ 708, 873 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Jane Eyre", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel is chastised for serving a lunch of bread and cheese as a replacement for burnt porridge.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jane_Eyre", "proto_id": "5476a1d4ea23cca90551187f", "qanta_id": 43777, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One character in this novel is chastised for serving a lunch of bread and cheese as a replacement for burnt porridge. Another character in this novel has a dream in which a woman snatches off her bridal veil, places it on her own head, rends it, and tramples it. In this novel, a male character disguises himself as a gypsy woman and tells fortunes for his future wife and for Blanche Ingram. The protagonist of this novel is educated at a school run by Mr. Brocklehurst, where she meets Helen Burns, before St. John [pronounced \"sin - jin\"] Rivers proposes to her to join him as a missionary in India. The title character's first wedding is called off when it is revealed that the master of Thornfield Hall is secretly married to Bertha Mason. For 10 points, name this novel about the title governess who marries Edward Rochester, by Charlotte Bront\u00eb.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 262 ], [ 263, 392 ], [ 393, 541 ], [ 542, 602 ], [ 603, 744 ], [ 745, 852 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "free radicals", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A well-known example of an effect involving a persistent and transient one of these molecules is the Barton reaction; that effect was elucidated by Ingold and Fischer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Radical_(chemistry)", "proto_id": "5476a1d5ea23cca90551189f", "qanta_id": 43809, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "A well-known example of an effect involving a persistent and transient one of these molecules is the Barton reaction; that effect was elucidated by Ingold and Fischer. NBS is used in electrophilic additions and reactions involving these molecules, which can abstract hydrogen. Binding these molecules to the compound DMPO or nitro, nitroso or nitrone functional groups allows them to be analyzed by ESR in a technique known as spin trapping. When drawing reactions involving these molecules, which usually proceed under high temperatures or UV light, one must use fish hook arrows. Reactions using them have three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination. A theory proposed by Denham Harman implicates them in the aging process. These highly reactive chemical species are neutralized by antioxidants. For 10 points, identify this term for atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 276 ], [ 277, 350 ], [ 351, 441 ], [ 442, 581 ], [ 582, 663 ], [ 664, 736 ], [ 737, 808 ], [ 809, 890 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Zeeman effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In astronomy, this phenomenon is complemented by, and thus often used in conjunction with, the Hanle effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zeeman_effect", "proto_id": "5476a1d6ea23cca9055118b1", "qanta_id": 43827, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "In astronomy, this phenomenon is complemented by, and thus often used in conjunction with, the Hanle effect. This phenomenon can be used to compensate for the Doppler shift of resonance frequency when decelerating an atomic beam in a namesake type of \"slower.\" The energy of one type of this phenomenon is proportional to the Lande g-factor, the Bohr magneton, and the quantum number m-sub-l. At high field strengths, its two types merge to give the Paschen-Back effect. Electron spin explained its anomalous type. This phenomenon can be interpreted as the precession of the orbital angular momentum vector in a certain field, and it results in the creation of a Lorentz triplet of spectral lines. For 10 points, name this effect in which the spectral lines of an atom are split in a strong magnetic field, which is analogous to the Stark effect.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 259 ], [ 259, 392 ], [ 393, 470 ], [ 471, 514 ], [ 515, 697 ], [ 698, 846 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gunter Grass", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This author created a young boy who wears a screwdriver on a necklace and makes one of his friends vomit by downing a whole tin of frog's legs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "G\u00fcnter_Grass", "proto_id": "5476a1daea23cca905511915", "qanta_id": 43927, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This author created a young boy who wears a screwdriver on a necklace and makes one of his friends vomit by downing a whole tin of frog's legs. In one of this author's novels, peasant woman Amanda Woyke introduces the potato to Prussia, but its king steals all of her recipes and institutes serfdom. The narrator of another of his novels lets his friend die by withholding the can opener his friend needed to open his pork on a dive he took in the vicinity of an abandoned (*) minesweeper. The former novel by this author is divided into nine \"months,\" corresponding to the narrator's wife's pregnancy with the \"savior\" Emanuel, and tells the stories of nine cooks from throughout history who testify before a Woman's Tribunal. In the latter, this author created Pilenz, who worships his large-Adam's-appled friend Joachim Mahlke. For 10 points, name this author of The Flounder, whose Cat and Mouse is part of his Danzig Trilogy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 299 ], [ 300, 489 ], [ 490, 727 ], [ 728, 830 ], [ 831, 930 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Nathaniel Hawthorne", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In a short story by this author, Mother Rigby creates a living scarecrow that falls apart after it looks in the mirror and sees its \"real composition.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nathaniel_Hawthorne", "proto_id": "5476a1ddea23cca905511960", "qanta_id": 44002, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In a short story by this author, Mother Rigby creates a living scarecrow that falls apart after it looks in the mirror and sees its \"real composition.\" The antagonist of another of his stories claims that Tophet is the \"crater of a half-extinct volcano\" and that a supposed door to hell leads to a cavern used to smoke ham. A third story by this writer concerns an \"Outcast of the Universe\" who leaves his (*) wife and lives in a house across the street for twenty years for no apparent reason. This author of \"Feathertop\" and \"Wakefield\" was the dedicatee of Moby Dick, and he described a dream-journey through the terrain described in John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress in \"The Celestial Railroad.\" For 10 points, name this American author of the short story \"Young Goodman Brown\" and the novel The Scarlet Letter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 150, 151 ], [ 152, 323 ], [ 324, 494 ], [ 495, 698 ], [ 699, 814 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Abraham Lincoln", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This politician objected to the Mexican War by giving his Spot Resolutions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Abraham_Lincoln", "proto_id": "5476a1e7ea23cca905511a60", "qanta_id": 44258, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This politician objected to the Mexican War by giving his Spot Resolutions. This leader gave the \"House Divided\" speech, and he engaged in a series of debates with Stephen (*) Douglas during the 1858 Senate election. The Emancipation Proclamation was signed by this president, who was shot in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth. For 10 points, name this president who served during the Civil War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 216 ], [ 217, 329 ], [ 330, 397 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Edvard {Munch} [MOONK]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This artist referenced his sister's tuberculosis in his The Sick Child, part of a series called The Frieze of Life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Munch", "proto_id": "5476a1eaea23cca905511aa4", "qanta_id": 44326, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist referenced his sister's tuberculosis in his The Sick Child, part of a series called The Frieze of Life. His best-known painting, which is set on a bridge, has a red sky potentially inspired by the volcanic eruption of Krakatoa; the main figure of that painting is shown with his (*) mouth ajar as he puts his hands to his face. For 10 points, name this Norwegian painter of The Scream.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 339 ], [ 340, 397 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "War of 1812", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "During this war, Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_1812", "proto_id": "5476a1eaea23cca905511aa5", "qanta_id": 44327, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "During this war, Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. Tecumseh died during the Battle of the Thames in this war. The White House was burned by the British Army during this war. Francis Scott Key composed the (*) \"Star Spangled Banner\" during this conflict. Impressment of U.S. sailors was a major cause of this war. For 10 points, what 19th-century war between the U.S. and Britain was named for the year it began?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 142 ], [ 143, 206 ], [ 207, 286 ], [ 287, 345 ], [ 346, 444 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "George Frideric H\u00e4ndel", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "One work by this composer includes the sections \"O Death, where is thy sting?\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "proto_id": "5476a1ebea23cca905511ab5", "qanta_id": 44343, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One work by this composer includes the sections \"O Death, where is thy sting?\" and \"I know that my Redeemer liveth.\" He included two bourr\u00e9es in a collection of three suites first played on barges on the River Thames for George I. This composer of Water Music composed a fugue on the line \"and he shall reign for ever and ever\" in a chorus named (*) \"Hallelujah.\" For 10 points, name this composer of Messiah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 116 ], [ 117, 230 ], [ 231, 363 ], [ 364, 409 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Macbeth", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "One character in this play states, \"Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Macbeth", "proto_id": "5476a1ebea23cca905511ab8", "qanta_id": 44346, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One character in this play states, \"Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player.\" Minor characters in this play include the thanes Ross and Lennox. The title character begins this play as the Thane of Glamis [\"glahmz\"]. (*) Banquo and Fleance also appear in, for 10 points, what play by Shakespeare about a Scottish lord?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 146 ], [ 147, 218 ], [ 219, 320 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{temperature} [do not accept \\\"heat\\\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "For an ideal gas, this property is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Temperature", "proto_id": "5476a1ebea23cca905511ab9", "qanta_id": 44347, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "For an ideal gas, this property is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles. Relative humidity is computed by comparing the wet-bulb and dry-bulb measurements of this quantity. According to the third law of thermodynamics, a perfect crystal has zero entropy when this property is (*) absolute zero. For 10 points, name this quantity whose SI unit is the kelvin and that can also be measured on the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 195 ], [ 196, 317 ], [ 318, 447 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Apollo", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "After this god's son brought Hippolytus back to life, Asclepius was killed by Zeus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apollo", "proto_id": "5476a1ebea23cca905511ac2", "qanta_id": 44356, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "After this god's son brought Hippolytus back to life, Asclepius was killed by Zeus. Along with his sister, he killed Niobe's seven sons. He slew the dragon Python and established the Oracle of Delphi at the place where it died. This son of Leto pursued the nymph (*) Daphne, only for her to turn into a laurel tree. For 10 points, name this Greek god of archery, music, and light whose twin sister was Artemis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 136 ], [ 137, 227 ], [ 228, 315 ], [ 316, 410 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Republic of {India} [accept {Bh\u0101rat Ga\u1e47ar\u0101jya}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The first prime minister of this country gave a speech outlining the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence that formed a basis for a treaty with China, and he also gave the \"Tryst with Destiny\" speech.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "India", "proto_id": "5476a1ebea23cca905511ac7", "qanta_id": 44361, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The first prime minister of this country gave a speech outlining the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence that formed a basis for a treaty with China, and he also gave the \"Tryst with Destiny\" speech. Another prime minister was assassinated by her bodyguards in 1984 soon after approving an attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar. (*) For 10 points name this country once headed by Jawaharlal Nehru that disputes the status of Kashmir with Pakistan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 203 ], [ 204, 334 ], [ 335, 338 ], [ 339, 453 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "(Sigismund Schlomo) Sigmund {Freud}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about \"Irma's Injection\" in his 1900 book The Interpretation of Dreams. \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sigmund_Freud", "proto_id": "5476a1ebea23cca905511ac8", "qanta_id": 44362, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This author wrote about \"Irma's Injection\" in his 1900 book The Interpretation of Dreams. \"Anna O.,\" \"Little Hans,\" and the \"Wolf Man\" were some of the patients who sought advice from his Vienna clinic. \"Jokes and their Relation to the (*) Unconscious\" is an essay by this man, whose \"structural theory\" proposed that the mind is divided into the id, the ego, and the superego. For 10 points, name this Austrian founder of psychoanalysis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 91, 202 ], [ 203, 377 ], [ 378, 438 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{David} [or {Dawood}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "Scipione Borghese commissioned a contorted and muscular depiction of this figure, which was created by Lorenzo Bernini.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David", "proto_id": "5476a1ecea23cca905511acf", "qanta_id": 44369, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "Scipione Borghese commissioned a contorted and muscular depiction of this figure, which was created by Lorenzo Bernini. A sculpture of this figure which exemplifies contrapposto shows his toes within the hair of his slain enemy; that bronze sculpture was created by Donatello. (*) For 10 points, identify this figure who is sometimes shown with a slingshot, after he has killed Goliath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 276 ], [ 277, 280 ], [ 281, 386 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "New York City", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "A museum branch located in this city's Fort Tryon Park containing medieval art is known as The Cloisters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_York_City", "proto_id": "5476a1ecea23cca905511ad5", "qanta_id": 44375, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "A museum branch located in this city's Fort Tryon Park containing medieval art is known as The Cloisters. One of its straits, which includes Roosevelt Island and Rikers Island, is the East River. Some of its neighborhoods are Bensonhurst and Flatbush, and its Turtle Bay neighborhood includes the headquarters of the (*) United Nations. For 10 points, name this city whose boroughs include Queens, Staten Island, and Manhattan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 195 ], [ 196, 336 ], [ 337, 427 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Leo {Tolstoy} [or {Lev} ({Nikolayvich}) {Tolstoy}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "One work by this author, about a man who injures himself while hanging curtains, is The Death of Ivan Ilyich.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "proto_id": "5476a1ecea23cca905511ad7", "qanta_id": 44377, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "One work by this author, about a man who injures himself while hanging curtains, is The Death of Ivan Ilyich. One of his novels has a relationship between Levin and Kitty, while the title character has an affair with Count Vronsky and eventually commits suicide by jumping in front of a (*) train. For 10 points, name this author who wrote about the French invasion of Russia in War and Peace in addition to writing Anna Karenina.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 297 ], [ 298, 430 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Scarlet Letter", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel is asked by Mistress Hibbins to join her in a witches' sabbath.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Scarlet_Letter", "proto_id": "5476a1ecea23cca905511adc", "qanta_id": 44382, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One character in this novel is asked by Mistress Hibbins to join her in a witches' sabbath. After being delayed from going to Boston by Native Americans, the protagonist's husband, Roger (*) Chillingworth, meets with the protagonist in jail. Pearl is rumored to be fathered by the devil in, for 10 points, what novel in which Hester Prynne wears the title piece of cloth, a work by Nathaniel Hawthorne?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 241 ], [ 242, 402 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky [or Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "In one of this composer's ballets, a castle is hidden by vines for 100 years until Prince Desire kisses Princess Aurora.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476a1edea23cca905511ae4", "qanta_id": 44390, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In one of this composer's ballets, a castle is hidden by vines for 100 years until Prince Desire kisses Princess Aurora. This composer of Sleeping Beauty included the Waltz of the Flowers and the Russian Trepak in another ballet, while his third ballet sees Von Rothbart turn Odette into the title (*) bird. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 307 ], [ 308, 394 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Canterbury Tales", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "One story in this work tells of the rooster Chauntecleer outsmarting a fox.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Canterbury_Tales", "proto_id": "5476a1edea23cca905511ae6", "qanta_id": 44392, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One story in this work tells of the rooster Chauntecleer outsmarting a fox. Another story is about three rogues killing each other under an oak tree in a quest to find Death. In another story, a knight is forced to find out what women most desire; that story is told by the Wife of Bath. (*) Pilgrims on their way to visit an English cathedral city swap stories in, for 10 points, what collection by Geoffrey Chaucer?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 174 ], [ 175, 287 ], [ 288, 417 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "cosine [accept cosine of x, with x being any letter]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "MS", "first_sentence": "The dot product of two vectors over the product of their lengths gives this function of the angle between them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trigonometric_functions", "proto_id": "5476a1f0ea23cca905511b2f", "qanta_id": 44465, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "The dot product of two vectors over the product of their lengths gives this function of the angle between them. A law named for this function generalizes the Pythagorean theorem to non-right triangles; it uses two sides of a triangle and the included angle to find the length of the third side. (*) For 10 points, name this trigonometric ratio commonly calculated as \"adjacent over hypotenuse\" in right triangles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 294 ], [ 295, 298 ], [ 299, 413 ] ], "tournament": "Collaborative MS Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Giuseppe Garibaldi", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This military leader's early career was spent fighting imperialists in the War of the Farrapos, or Tatters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Garibaldi", "proto_id": "5476a1f2ea23cca905511b5f", "qanta_id": 44513, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This military leader's early career was spent fighting imperialists in the War of the Farrapos, or Tatters. This man, who retired to his semi-private island of Caprera, told Abraham Lincoln he would join the Union side of the Civil War if the war shifted focus to abolishing slavery. This crusader for Uruguayan independence led the \"Expedition of the Thousand\" and had an uneasy relationship with the Piedmont-Sardinian Prime Minister, Count Cavour. For 10 points, name this Italian military leader of the Risorgimento known for his colorful \"Redshirts.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 283 ], [ 284, 450 ], [ 451, 555 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Rembrandt van Rijn [accept either underlined part]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist painted a scene from Tacitus in which a one-eyed, bearded man in a cloth crown beckons to several others around a table to cross swords with him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rembrandt", "proto_id": "5476a1f2ea23cca905511b61", "qanta_id": 44515, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist painted a scene from Tacitus in which a one-eyed, bearded man in a cloth crown beckons to several others around a table to cross swords with him. One of his paintings includes a well-lit girl in a gold dress holding a dead chicken. This artist of The Conspiracy of Claudius Civilis painted Aris Kindt's tendon being prodded by the title doctor in The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp. In another painting, he showed a drummer amidst the rifle-bearing shooting company of Franz Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter of The Night Watch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 243 ], [ 244, 399 ], [ 400, 505 ], [ 506, 564 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Mexico [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One poem from this country begins and ends with the same lines, \"a willow of crystal, a poplar of water.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "5476a1f3ea23cca905511b8a", "qanta_id": 44556, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One poem from this country begins and ends with the same lines, \"a willow of crystal, a poplar of water.\" A stream-of-consciousness novel from this country features the deaths of the Indian Regina and Gonzalo Bernal. One author from this country wrote \"Sunstone\" and included \"The Sons of La Malinche\" in his The Labyrinth of Solitude. Another author from this country wrote about the last days of a PRI political boss in The Death of Artemio Cruz. For 10 points, name this home country of Octavio Paz and the author of The Old Gringo, Carlos Fuentes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 104, 105 ], [ 106, 216 ], [ 217, 335 ], [ 336, 448 ], [ 449, 551 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Persia [or Iran]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "St. Augustine converted to Christianity from a religion founded in this nation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iran", "proto_id": "5476a1f4ea23cca905511b91", "qanta_id": 44563, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "St. Augustine converted to Christianity from a religion founded in this nation. A religion founded in this nation is now governed from Israel's Universal House of Justice. This nation was home to the author of the Epistle to the Son of the Wolf, a follower of the B\u00e1b. One service in a religion from this nation, the Ab-Zohr, is conducted during a recitation of the Yasna, part of the Avesta. A faith from this nation centers on the opposition of Angra Mainyu and Ahura Mazda. For 10 points, name this nation, the founding place of Manichaeism, Bah\u00e1'i, and Zoroastrianism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 171 ], [ 172, 268 ], [ 269, 392 ], [ 393, 476 ], [ 477, 572 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "speed of light in a vacuum [or c]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This constant, which is equal to one over the square root of epsilon naught times mu naught, divides the time-averaged intensity to yield the classical electromechanical radiation pressure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Speed_of_light", "proto_id": "5476a1f5ea23cca905511bb9", "qanta_id": 44603, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This constant, which is equal to one over the square root of epsilon naught times mu naught, divides the time-averaged intensity to yield the classical electromechanical radiation pressure. Hippolyte Fizeau used a spinning mirror apparatus to approximate this value with a time-of-flight technique. Relativistic energy and momentum tend to infinity approaching this value, which is equal to about 3.00 times ten-to-the-eighth meters per second. For 10 points name this constant, the rate at which a photon moves through empty space.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 298 ], [ 299, 444 ], [ 445, 532 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Nikolai [Vasilievich] Gogol", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author created a mayor who tries to put a box on his head instead of a hat and argues that, because he goes to church every Sunday, he is more moral than Lyapkin-Tyapkin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Gogol", "proto_id": "5476a1f6ea23cca905511bc4", "qanta_id": 44614, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This author created a mayor who tries to put a box on his head instead of a hat and argues that, because he goes to church every Sunday, he is more moral than Lyapkin-Tyapkin. This author also created that mayor's daughter, Marya, and wife, Anna Andreyevna, who are both proposed to by the same man. In that work by this author, the manservant Osip reveals that Khlestakov is only a minor civil servant. In another work, this author created Chichikov, who buys the rights to deceased serfs. For 10 points, name this author of The Inspector General and Dead Souls.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 299 ], [ 300, 403 ], [ 404, 490 ], [ 491, 563 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Aristophanes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work by this writer, a farmer flies to heaven on a monstrous dung-beetle and later frees the goddess Peace from a pit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristophanes", "proto_id": "5476a1f6ea23cca905511bc8", "qanta_id": 44618, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classic", "text": "In one work by this writer, a farmer flies to heaven on a monstrous dung-beetle and later frees the goddess Peace from a pit. One work by this writer begins with a man complaining about the debts that his son's horse obsession has racked up and concludes with the burning down of the Socrates's \"Thinkery.\" In another work by this playwright, Peisthetaerus works with the title avians to build a city between heaven and earth, Cloud-Cuckoo Land. For 10 points, name this Athenian comedic playwright of The Clouds and The Birds.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 306 ], [ 307, 445 ], [ 446, 527 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "New Zealand [or Aotearoa]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An author from this country won a Booker Prize for a work about Kerewin's relationship with the mute Simon and his abusive father.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_Zealand", "proto_id": "5476a1f7ea23cca905511bdd", "qanta_id": 44639, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "An author from this country won a Booker Prize for a work about Kerewin's relationship with the mute Simon and his abusive father. Another author from this country described an affair between Harry and Pearl in her short story \"Bliss.\" That author from this country wrote a story about Mr. Scott's death occurring before the title event, confusing Laura Sheridan. \"The Garden Party\" was written by an author from this home country of Keri Hulme. For 10 points, Katherine Mansfield is from what country whose Maori culture is described in The Bone People?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 235 ], [ 236, 363 ], [ 364, 365 ], [ 365, 445 ], [ 446, 554 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Igor [Fyodorovich] Stravinsky", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A chord created by this man is a juxtaposition of a C-major F-sharp major chord at the same time and is featured prominently in a ballet that opens at a Shrovetide Fair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Igor_Stravinsky", "proto_id": "5476a1f7ea23cca905511be6", "qanta_id": 44648, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "A chord created by this man is a juxtaposition of a C-major F-sharp major chord at the same time and is featured prominently in a ballet that opens at a Shrovetide Fair. This man composed a Symphony of Psalms that featured no violins during his neoclassical period. This composer of Petrushka used a bassoon solo to open a ballet in which a young girl sacrificially dances herself to death, which caused great controversy at its 1913 premiere in Paris. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Rite of Spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 265 ], [ 266, 452 ], [ 453, 517 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "I and the Village", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One figure in this work wears a ring with a single red stone.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I_and_the_Village", "proto_id": "5476a1f7ea23cca905511bee", "qanta_id": 44656, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "One figure in this work wears a ring with a single red stone. In this painting, a man in black holding a scythe walks towards a blue-skirted violinist. The background of this painting includes a small, domed Orthodox church. In this painting, a figure wearing a necklace with a small cross holds a glowing tree in his hand. Two of the five houses in the background of this painting are upside-down. The red center of this painting is framed by a sheep's head and a large green human man's head. For 10 points, name this painting by Marc Chagall.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 151 ], [ 152, 224 ], [ 225, 323 ], [ 324, 398 ], [ 399, 494 ], [ 495, 545 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Franz [Ritter von] {Liszt} [or {Liszt} Ferenc; or Ferenc {Liszt}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a difficult D-minor piece by this composer, a 4-2 fingering in the left hand results in detached ascending thirds, which imitate a galloping horse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Liszt", "proto_id": "5476a1f8ea23cca905511bfb", "qanta_id": 44669, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "In a difficult D-minor piece by this composer, a 4-2 fingering in the left hand results in detached ascending thirds, which imitate a galloping horse. That piece by this composer of the Years of Pilgrimage piano cycle appears before the \"Feux Follets\" in a set of 12 studies. Besides writing \"Mazeppa,\" a Transcendental Etude, this composer pioneered the symphonic tone poem and adapted gypsy melodies from his homeland in a set of 19 piano pieces. For 10 points, name this piano virtuoso composer of the Hungarian Rhapsodies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 275 ], [ 276, 448 ], [ 449, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "China [or Zhongguo; accept People's Republic of China or PRC]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The main character of a novel set in this country, who loves his sickly cousin despite being destined to marry another cousin, is born with a piece of stone in his mouth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "5476a1f8ea23cca905511c02", "qanta_id": 44676, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The main character of a novel set in this country, who loves his sickly cousin despite being destined to marry another cousin, is born with a piece of stone in his mouth. The Oath of the Peach Garden and the Battle of Red Cliffs are described in another novel from this country, also the setting of a book that chronicles Tripitaka's travels to India with Sandy, Pigsy, and Sun Wukong, the Monkey King. For 10 points, name this country that is the setting of Dream of the Red Chamber, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and Journey to the West.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 402 ], [ 403, 540 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Charles Baudelaire", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author, who called Constantin Guys the \"painter of modern life,\" described his drug use in Artificial Paradises.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Baudelaire", "proto_id": "5476a1f8ea23cca905511c0a", "qanta_id": 44684, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This author, who called Constantin Guys the \"painter of modern life,\" described his drug use in Artificial Paradises. In one of his collections, he compared a poet to a bird whose \"giant wings prevent him from walking\" and called the \"hypocrite reader\" \"my twin, my brother.\" This author wrote \"To the Reader\" and \"The Albatross,\" poems that appeared in his work whose sections include \"Parisian Scenes,\" \"Wine,\" \"Revolt,\" and \"Spleen and Ideal.\" For 10 points, name this French author of Les Fleurs du Mal.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 274 ], [ 274, 446 ], [ 447, 507 ] ], "tournament": "Collegiate Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This scientist is the first namesake of a method where the magnetization of a bar is flipped, causing a change in angular momentum which allows for measurement of the gyromagnetic ratio.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Einstein", "proto_id": "5476a1f9ea23cca905511c19", "qanta_id": 44699, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This scientist is the first namesake of a method where the magnetization of a bar is flipped, causing a change in angular momentum which allows for measurement of the gyromagnetic ratio. This namesake of that method with de Haas also names three parameters which characterize the rates of absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission in a two-level system. This scientist names a tensor equal to a constant times the stress-energy tensor minus the product of the (*) metric tensor and the cosmological constant by his namesake field equations. He won a Nobel Prize in Physics for his 1905 explanation of the photoelectric effect. For 10 points, name this German physicist famous for postulating that the rest energy of a particle equals its rest mass times the speed of light squared.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 186 ], [ 187, 369 ], [ 370, 556 ], [ 557, 642 ], [ 643, 797 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "La Traviata", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At one point in this opera, we hear a character singing that \"Love is the pulse of the universe\" offstage, and in a later scene, an offstage group of carnival revelers celebrate a man whose \"head is crowned with flowers.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "La_traviata", "proto_id": "5476a1faea23cca905511c28", "qanta_id": 44714, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "At one point in this opera, we hear a character singing that \"Love is the pulse of the universe\" offstage, and in a later scene, an offstage group of carnival revelers celebrate a man whose \"head is crowned with flowers.\" A 2010 production of this opera at the Met was critically panned due to Leonard Slatkin's insufficient preparation. In this opera, (*) Giorgio sings \"Di Provenza il mar\" to comfort his son, who has just read a letter of farewell. Its title character sings \"Ah fors' \u00e8 lui\" and \"Sempre libera,\" and sells all her possessions to buy a country house but later returns to her old lover Baron Duphol. The brindisi \"Libiamo ne' lieti calici\" is sung during the first act, shortly after the title character meets her admirer Alfredo Germont. For 10 points, name this opera about the courtesan Violetta by Giuseppe Verdi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 221 ], [ 222, 337 ], [ 338, 451 ], [ 452, 617 ], [ 618, 756 ], [ 757, 835 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Hedda Gabler [or Hedda Tessman]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This character once threatened to burn the hair off of a close friend while in school, and she constantly makes reference to a \"crown of vine leaves\" in another character's hair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hedda_Gabler", "proto_id": "5476a1fbea23cca905511c45", "qanta_id": 44743, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This character once threatened to burn the hair off of a close friend while in school, and she constantly makes reference to a \"crown of vine leaves\" in another character's hair. She annoys her aunt at the beginning of the work by suggesting that her hat actually belonged to a lowly servant. As the work begins, this woman has just returned from a six (*) month long honeymoon during which her husband spent most of the time reading to write a book on handicraft in Brabant during the Middle Ages. This heroine plays the piano frantically before using one of her father's pistols to kill herself. Before that, Judge Brack blackmails her into submission when he deduces that she burned Eilert Loevborg's manuscript. For 10 points, name this title woman of a play by Henrik Ibsen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 292 ], [ 293, 498 ], [ 499, 597 ], [ 598, 715 ], [ 716, 779 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Last Supper [or Il Cenacolo or L\\'Ultima Cena]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Vasari relates that on many days, the artist of this work would often stand on the scaffolding without picking his brush only to study its tone.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Last_Supper", "proto_id": "5476a1fbea23cca905511c4f", "qanta_id": 44753, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "Vasari relates that on many days, the artist of this work would often stand on the scaffolding without picking his brush only to study its tone. Preliminary sketches for this work were often done in red chalk, which are still preserved in its artist's notebooks. As a man recoils in this painting, he upsets the balances of a salt cellar that are next to some pewter (*) dishes. Found in the refectory of the Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, this painting depicts a group of figures during the exact moment they ask \"Lord is it I?\", unlike the moment after as seen in earlier versions. However, the only one not asking that question has his face in the dark and is Judas. For 10 points, name this painting by Da Vinci which depicts the 12 apostles and Jesus during the title meal.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 262 ], [ 263, 378 ], [ 379, 587 ], [ 588, 673 ], [ 674, 782 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one book, this thinker claimed that philosophy is always too late to make a difference, using the example of the Owl of Minerva only flying at dusk.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "5476a1fcea23cca905511c5c", "qanta_id": 44766, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In one book, this thinker claimed that philosophy is always too late to make a difference, using the example of the Owl of Minerva only flying at dusk. One of his lecture series describes the three parts of the Destiny of Reason to answer the question \"What is the Ultimate Design of the World?\" That work argues that there is no distinction between studying philosophy and the history of philosophy. A system of morality developed by him incorporates (*) non-interference, morality and the ethical life as three distinct spheres that intersect with one another. He wrote a work whose narrative moves through progressively higher levels of consciousness before finally arriving at \"absolute knowledge.\" For 10 points, name this author of Philosophy of Right and The Phenomenology of Spirit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 295 ], [ 296, 400 ], [ 401, 562 ], [ 563, 702 ], [ 703, 790 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In his book The Statesman's Manual, this writer stated that Nimrod and Napoleon represented the \"Satanic Hero.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge", "proto_id": "5476a1fcea23cca905511c63", "qanta_id": 44773, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In his book The Statesman's Manual, this writer stated that Nimrod and Napoleon represented the \"Satanic Hero.\" A different book by this literary critic introduced the ideas of Schelling's Romanticism to the English public, coining the term \"suspension of disbelief.\" The title object of one of his poems is \"placed length-ways in the clasping casement\" and is caressed by a \"desultory breeze.\" That poem, which also describes \"vain Philosophy's aye-babbling spring\" is addressed to (*) \"My pensive Sara.\" This author of Biographia Literaria wrote about how \"they are gone, and here must I remain\" in a poem that describes how \"this lime-tree bower\" is the author's prison. For 10 points, name this author of \"Conversation Poems,\" such as \"The Aeolian Harp,\" who also wrote The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 266 ], [ 266, 394 ], [ 395, 505 ], [ 506, 673 ], [ 674, 806 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A deposit of gold in this country was discovered by Gabriel Read, leading to a large influx of Chinese immigrants who came to work in its Otago region's goldfields after this country's namesake \"Land Wars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_Zealand", "proto_id": "5476a1feea23cca905511c83", "qanta_id": 44804, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A deposit of gold in this country was discovered by Gabriel Read, leading to a large influx of Chinese immigrants who came to work in its Otago region's goldfields after this country's namesake \"Land Wars.\" One culture from this country killed and ate most of the crew of the Boyd. In 1893, the passage of the Electoral Bill made this country the (*) first to give women the right to vote. The moa bird was hunted to extinction in this country. A perpetual source of tension during this country's colonial period was the translation of the word for \"sovereignty\" in various versions of a treaty co-authored by William Hobson. For 10 points, name this modern-day country where the Rainbow Warrior was sunk, and which was incorporated into the British Empire by the Treaty of Waitangi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 205, 206 ], [ 207, 281 ], [ 282, 389 ], [ 390, 444 ], [ 445, 625 ], [ 626, 783 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Sandro Botticelli or [Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist included a group of dogs that try to bite a half-naked woman in one painting of his four part series about Nastagio Degli Onesti.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sandro_Botticelli", "proto_id": "5476a1feea23cca905511c8b", "qanta_id": 44812, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist included a group of dogs that try to bite a half-naked woman in one painting of his four part series about Nastagio Degli Onesti. He supposedly was accused of heresy because his version of the Assumption of the Virgin was modeled on Dante's Inferno and features an infinite number of people. Three angels in green, red and white robes adorn a building's roof in this artist's only signed painting, which features an an inscription that warns of the \"second woe of the apocalypse.\" In another painting by this artist, the (*) nymph Chloris is pursued by Zephyrus, who is personified as a pale blue figure. That painting depicts the three graces and shows Venus and Cupid in an orange grove. For 10 points, name this Florentine artist of The Mystic Nativity, La Primavera and The Birth of Venus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 303 ], [ 304, 491 ], [ 491, 616 ], [ 617, 701 ], [ 702, 805 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Japan or Nippon", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote about a man who brings his concubine into the family in The Waiting Years.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "5476a1feea23cca905511c8d", "qanta_id": 44814, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One author from this country wrote about a man who brings his concubine into the family in The Waiting Years. Royall Tyler and Edward Seidensticker are scholars who have translated this country's literature into English. This country's literature is the subject of World Within Walls, a study by Donald Keene. A chapter named after the \"bridge of dreams\" ends another novel from here - that book features a protagonist who writes a poem comparing a (*) beautiful woman's discarded clothing to a cicada's shell. Another author from here chronicled \"hateful things\" and \"pleasureful things\" in The Pillow Book. Lady Aoi is one of the wives of the protagonist of another novel set here, who is described as a \"shining prince.\" For 10 points, name this country whose classical literature includes The Tale of Genji.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 220 ], [ 221, 309 ], [ 310, 510 ], [ 511, 608 ], [ 609, 722 ], [ 722, 811 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "pressure [prompt on \"P,\" prompt on \"normal stress,\" accept more specific answers like radiation pressure or hydrostatic pressure]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the free-electron model, this quantity equals two-fifths times the number density times the Fermi energy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pressure", "proto_id": "5476a200ea23cca905511cba", "qanta_id": 44859, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "In the free-electron model, this quantity equals two-fifths times the number density times the Fermi energy. In SI units, the value of this quantity possessed by a B-field is equal to B squared divided by twice the permeability of free space. One form of this quantity is equal to the time average of the Poynting vector divided by the speed of light. This quantity is located on the main diagonal of the (*) stress tensor. For a column of fluid, the change in this quantity is equal to the density of the fluid times \"little g\" times the height of the column, which allows for this quantity to be measured using a manometer or a barometer. For 10 points, name this quantity defined as force per unit area, which is measured in units such as atmospheres and Pascals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 242 ], [ 243, 351 ], [ 352, 423 ], [ 424, 640 ], [ 641, 766 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "David Hume", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The eleventh chapter of one of his treatises contains a dialogue between the author and an imaginary Epicurean friend, who attacks Stoicism to illustrate the author's point that rationalism is incompatible with religious experience.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "5476a200ea23cca905511cbe", "qanta_id": 44863, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The eleventh chapter of one of his treatises contains a dialogue between the author and an imaginary Epicurean friend, who attacks Stoicism to illustrate the author's point that rationalism is incompatible with religious experience. In the seventh section of that work, he argued that uniform past experience leads to the impression that necessity creates all (*) causal connections. He argued against testimony and revealed religion as a basis for proofs of God's existence in a section called \"Of Miracles.\" This thinker argued that it is not necessary for the mind to be exposed to a concept for it to imagine it by using the example of a \"missing shade of blue.\" For 10 points, name this author of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, a Scottish empiricist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 232 ], [ 233, 383 ], [ 384, 509 ], [ 510, 666 ], [ 667, 767 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Salman Rushdie", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters transforms gold into smoke, water into fabric, and multiplies fishes as passengers board a pirate ship.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salman_Rushdie", "proto_id": "5476a201ea23cca905511cdc", "qanta_id": 44893, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One of this author's characters transforms gold into smoke, water into fabric, and multiplies fishes as passengers board a pirate ship. Another person created by this author saves himself from an emperor's elephant by claiming descent from Nina Argalia and \"Lady Black Eyes.\" He created the writer of \"assassination poems,\" a guy who served the Grandee of Jahilia, (*) Baal. A dream sequence described by this author features Ayesha leading a group of men into the Arabian Sea, where they drown. Another of his characters murders Sisodia and Allie Cone. This author of The Enchantress of Florence wrote about a man who dreams about Mahound after falling out of an exploding airplane with Saladin Chamcha. For 10 points, name this author of The Satanic Verses and Midnight's Children.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 275 ], [ 276, 374 ], [ 375, 495 ], [ 496, 553 ], [ 554, 704 ], [ 705, 783 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "4 [accept equivalents]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One string quartet of this number contains two scherzos, one marked 'Allegro pizzicato' and one marked 'Prestissimo con sordino.'", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "4", "proto_id": "5476a202ea23cca905511cf4", "qanta_id": 44917, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One string quartet of this number contains two scherzos, one marked 'Allegro pizzicato' and one marked 'Prestissimo con sordino.' One symphony of this number was described by the composer as expressing \"the spirit of life or manifestations of life.\" Prokofiev's piano concerto of this number was written for Paul Wittgenstein and is for the left hand alone. A soprano sings (*) \"Das Himmlische Leben\" in the last movement of Mahler's symphony of this number. Beethoven's symphony of this number is in B-flat, and Carl Nielsen's symphony of this number features sets of warring timpani and is called the \"Inextinguishable\". For 10 points, identify this number of the Beethoven symphony which followed the Eroica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 249 ], [ 250, 357 ], [ 358, 379 ], [ 379, 458 ], [ 459, 622 ], [ 623, 711 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Emily Dickinson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Thomas Johnson was the first scholar to compile the variorum edition of this writer's works.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Emily_Dickinson", "proto_id": "5476a202ea23cca905511cf5", "qanta_id": 44918, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Thomas Johnson was the first scholar to compile the variorum edition of this writer's works. One work by this author concludes \"I dropped down and down and hit a world at every plunge and finished knowing;\" a different work ends \"I've heard it in the chillest land, and on the strangest Sea, yet never in Extremity, it asked a crumb of me.\" The lines (*) \"'Hope' is the thing with feathers\" and \"I felt a funeral in my brain\" begin two separate works of this poet, who created a speaker that \"first surmised the horses' heads were toward eternity\" after she \"passed school, where children strove at recess.\" That poem by her describes a \"carriage [that] held just ourselves and Immortality.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,\" a poet from Amherst.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 340 ], [ 341, 607 ], [ 608, 691 ], [ 692, 785 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "distillation [accept \"stage distillation,\" \"continuous distillation,\" \"fractional distillation,\" \"batch distillation,\" and other types of distillation]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The efficiency of this process can be quantified with either overall, point, or Murphree efficiency.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Distillation", "proto_id": "5476a203ea23cca905511d06", "qanta_id": 44935, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The efficiency of this process can be quantified with either overall, point, or Murphree efficiency. One method of performing calculations for this process first requires determination of the slope of the q-line for the feed. The next steps in that method are to split the operating line into enriching and stripping sections, to draw alternating horizontal and vertical lines between the operating and equilibrium lines, and finally to count off the number of horizontal lines drawn. That method determines the number of (*) theoretical trays required for this process and is named for McCabe and Thiele. Mixtures that do not change composition when this process is performed are termed azeotropes. For 10 points, name this process which separates components of a solution based on their boiling points.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 225 ], [ 226, 484 ], [ 485, 605 ], [ 606, 699 ], [ 700, 804 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Marcel Proust", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this novelist's books opens by discussing the laws of the vegetable kingdom and describes a sexual encounter between the Baron de Charlus and Jupien.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Proust", "proto_id": "5476a204ea23cca905511d23", "qanta_id": 44964, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "One of this novelist's books opens by discussing the laws of the vegetable kingdom and describes a sexual encounter between the Baron de Charlus and Jupien. His characters include a composer that creates a violin and piano sonata whose theme incorporates his daughter's lesbian love. One of his novels begins with an \"overture\" in which the narrator is unable to go to sleep because he has not received a (*) kiss from his mother. This author wrote about a man who pursues Albertine and Gilberte. The second half of one of his novels concerns a man who madly pursues Odette de Crecy. He wrote about how a madeleine soaked in lime-blossom tea triggered involuntary memory in his novel Swann's Way, the first part of a 7-novel sequence. For 10 points, name this author of In Search of Lost Time.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 283 ], [ 284, 430 ], [ 431, 496 ], [ 497, 583 ], [ 584, 734 ], [ 735, 769 ], [ 770, 793 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "mass", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Tremonti et al. used the results from SDSS to derive the relation named for this quantity and stellar metallicity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mass", "proto_id": "5476a205ea23cca905511d31", "qanta_id": 44978, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Tremonti et al. used the results from SDSS to derive the relation named for this quantity and stellar metallicity. This quantity is related to the velocity dispersion in a different relation named for it and the Greek letter sigma. Wolf-Rayet stars are defined by their quick changes in this value. The temperature and density variables were used by Jeans to create an upper bound on this quantity for a molecular cloud. The (*) lifetime of a main sequence star is proportional to this quantity raised to the minus 2.5 power, or alternatively this quantity divided by the luminosity. A star possessing a stellar wind is currently lowering its value for this quantity. For 10 points, name this quantity that appears along with the radius and \"big G\" in Newton's law of gravitation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 231 ], [ 232, 298 ], [ 299, 420 ], [ 421, 583 ], [ 584, 667 ], [ 668, 780 ] ], "tournament": "DRAGOON", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "RNA or ribonucleic acid (accept messenger RNA, transfer RNA, or micro RNA)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One type of this molecule goes through A, P, and E sites before being degraded.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "RNA", "proto_id": "5476a206ea23cca905511d52", "qanta_id": 45011, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "One type of this molecule goes through A, P, and E sites before being degraded. The Dicer enzyme creates small pieces of this molecule, and some types of this molecule can catalyze reactions and are called ribozymes. A phenomenon called \"wobble\" affects a type of this molecule that takes a cloverleaf shape and is attached to an amino acid. A guanine-tipped (*) 5' (\"five prime\") cap and a poly-A tail are added to another type of this molecule, which is produced with both introns and exons before being modified for translation into protein. For ten points, name this single-stranded molecule coming in transfer and messenger varieties that is produced from DNA during transcription.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 216 ], [ 217, 341 ], [ 342, 544 ], [ 545, 686 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer transposed his first symphony from E-flat minor to E minor to make it more playable, and the Queen of Shemakha sings the \"Hymn to the Sun\" in one of his operas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Rimsky-Korsakov", "proto_id": "5476a206ea23cca905511d54", "qanta_id": 45013, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer transposed his first symphony from E-flat minor to E minor to make it more playable, and the Queen of Shemakha sings the \"Hymn to the Sun\" in one of his operas. Another opera by this composer of The Golden Cockerel includes the \"Dance of the Tumblers\" and ends when the title character's love for Mizgir causes her to melt. This composer of The (*) Snow Maiden included recurrent \"Alborada\" movements in a work based on Spanish folk music, and also composed a suite based on One Thousand and One Nights. For ten points, name this Russian composer of Capriccio Espagnol and Scheherazade, whose Tale of Tsar Sultan includes the \"Flight of the Bumblebee\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 337 ], [ 338, 517 ], [ 518, 666 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Alfred, Lord Tennyson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's poems begins \"On either side of the river lie / Long fields of barley and rye\" before describing the plight of a woman who must weave without looking at the world around her.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "proto_id": "5476a206ea23cca905511d5c", "qanta_id": 45021, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One of this man's poems begins \"On either side of the river lie / Long fields of barley and rye\" before describing the plight of a woman who must weave without looking at the world around her. Another of his works ends by noting that \"though much is taken, much abides\" followed by an oath to \"strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.\" This poet of \"The (*) Lady of Shalott\" and \"Ulysses\" claimed in another poem that, \"Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all.\" This author of In Memoriam A.H.H. wrote a work in which a group rides into \"the valley of death.\" For ten points, name this British poet of \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 337 ], [ 337, 458 ], [ 459, 492 ], [ 493, 507 ], [ 508, 589 ], [ 589, 667 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Michel Foucault", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher noted that the exclusion of lepers eventually transitioned to other exclusion rituals in an analogy of a ship of fools.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michel_Foucault", "proto_id": "5476a207ea23cca905511d63", "qanta_id": 45028, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This philosopher noted that the exclusion of lepers eventually transitioned to other exclusion rituals in an analogy of a ship of fools. His genealogy of knowledge is a direct allusion to Nietzsche's genealogy of morality. This thinker developed the concept of the medical gaze in his The Birth of the Clinic and argued that the conditions of discourse changed over time in The (*) Order of Things. This man analyzed Bentham's Panopticon in work,.and he developed the theory of biopower in his The Will to Knowledge. For ten points, name this French philosopher and author of Discipline and Punish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 222 ], [ 223, 398 ], [ 399, 516 ], [ 517, 598 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Walter \"Walt\" Whitman", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author instructs to play certain instruments \"through the windows\" and \"through doors,\" while another addresses an Alabaman he-bird who visits Paumanok Beach as a \"solitary guest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walt_Whitman", "proto_id": "5476a207ea23cca905511d64", "qanta_id": 45029, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One poem by this author instructs to play certain instruments \"through the windows\" and \"through doors,\" while another addresses an Alabaman he-bird who visits Paumanok Beach as a \"solitary guest.\" This author of \"Beat! Beat! Drums!\" also \"sound[ed] [his] barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world\" in another poem. A more famous work by this author of (*) \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\" states that he \"mourn'd\" after the \"the great star early droop'd,\" referring to the death of Abraham Lincoln. For ten points, name this American author who included \"Song of Myself\" and \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\" in his Leaves of Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 196, 197 ], [ 198, 219 ], [ 220, 225 ], [ 226, 232 ], [ 232, 249 ], [ 250, 315 ], [ 316, 504 ], [ 505, 647 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "John Dewey", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man refuted Walter Lippmann's view that journalists should transmit information from the elite to common people in a book that defines \"the public\" as a group of citizens indirectly bonded by the effects of events.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Dewey", "proto_id": "5476a207ea23cca905511d69", "qanta_id": 45034, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This man refuted Walter Lippmann's view that journalists should transmit information from the elite to common people in a book that defines \"the public\" as a group of citizens indirectly bonded by the effects of events. This author of The Public and its Problems praised Keats' regard for imitation in a work that claims aesthetic creation and encounters are as important as works of (*) art themselves. In another book, this man argued that neither Plato's segmented system nor Rousseau's individualistic models of learning were sufficient since they did not promote cooperation or communication between citizens necessary for the free society of the title form of government. For 10 points, name this author of Art as Experience, an American pragmatist who wrote Democracy and Education.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 403 ], [ 404, 677 ], [ 678, 789 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci [accept either underlined portion]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's only painting on display in Germany features the Virgin Mary holding the title shadowy red flower.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonardo_da_Vinci", "proto_id": "5476a207ea23cca905511d76", "qanta_id": 45047, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This man's only painting on display in Germany features the Virgin Mary holding the title shadowy red flower. Another of his paintings depicts the infant Christ staring at a niddy-noddy. This artist of the Madonna of the Carnation and the Madonna of the Yarnwinder depicted a feminine Uriel sitting next to an infant John the Baptist in front of some craggy cliffs in one painting and showed Cecilia Gallerani caressing a white-furred (*) stoat in another. In yet another of his paintings, a certain apostle knocks over a saltshaker with his elbow while clutching a possibly-silver-filled bag and looking shocked at Jesus's revelation of his betrayal. This painter of Lady with an Ermine and Virgin of the Rocks was known for his use of sfumato. For 10 points, name this Italian polymath who painted the Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 186 ], [ 187, 456 ], [ 457, 651 ], [ 652, 745 ], [ 746, 834 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Miles Davis", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this musician's albums features Hermeto Pascoal's early compositions such as \"Nem Um Talvez.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Miles_Davis", "proto_id": "5476a209ea23cca905511d94", "qanta_id": 45077, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One of this musician's albums features Hermeto Pascoal's early compositions such as \"Nem Um Talvez.\" In his later career, this artist often collaborated with the electric guitarist John McLaughlin, who is the subject of this artist's song \"Go Ahead John,\" which appears on Big Fun. This man's second namesake quintet featured Wayne Shorter and Herbie Hancock, and his earlier quintet featured John Coltrane and was expanded to a (*) sextet with the addition of Cannonball Adderley. An arrangement of Joaquin Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez opens this artist's album Sketches of Spain. He collaborated with Gil Evans on \"Boplicity\", which appeared on his seminal album Birth of the Cool. For 10 points, name this jazz trumpeter whose \"Freddie Freeloader\" and \"So What\" appeared on the album Kind of Blue.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 99, 281 ], [ 282, 481 ], [ 482, 584 ], [ 585, 686 ], [ 687, 803 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Federative Republic of Brazil", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A coup in this country was supported by the U.S. in \"Operation Brother Sam.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "5476a209ea23cca905511da6", "qanta_id": 45095, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A coup in this country was supported by the U.S. in \"Operation Brother Sam.\" It faced an uprising known as the \"war of the tatters\" in the 1830's. One of this country's leaders wrote a note reading \"Serenely, I take my first step on the road to eternity\" before shooting himself in his mansion. This modern day country was opposed by the Thirty-Three Orientals during the Cisplatine War. In 1888, it passed the \"Lei Aurea\" or (*) \"Golden Law\" to abolish slavery. It was the only South American country to send troops into World War II. Under Getulio Vargas, this country had a dictatorial government known as the \"Estado Novo,\" while it was previously ruled by two emperors named Pedro. For 10 points, name this South American country which became independent from Portugal in 1822.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 146 ], [ 147, 294 ], [ 295, 387 ], [ 388, 462 ], [ 463, 535 ], [ 536, 686 ], [ 687, 782 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Wole Soyinka [or Akinwande Oluwole Soyinka]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of his works features a group of people who repeat the nonsense phrase \"Rem Acu Tetigisti\" and refer to themselves as the \"Children of As\"; that work opens with a scene in which a group of mendicants gamble away parts of their body while hanging out in Dr. Bero's basement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wole_Soyinka", "proto_id": "5476a20aea23cca905511dad", "qanta_id": 45102, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One of his works features a group of people who repeat the nonsense phrase \"Rem Acu Tetigisti\" and refer to themselves as the \"Children of As\"; that work opens with a scene in which a group of mendicants gamble away parts of their body while hanging out in Dr. Bero's basement. In another of his works, the arrival of a photographer is conveyed by the \"dance of the lost traveler\", while in a later scene the Bale of Ilujinle is found to be impotent. This author wrote a play in which Amusa is horrified by the death costume worn by (*) Simon Pilkings, whose later interference in a ritual causes Elesin to commit suicide. For 10 points, name this Nigerian playwright of Madmen and Specialists who wrote about a love triangle between Sidi, Lakunle, and Baroka in The Lion and the Jewel and penned Death and the King's Horseman.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 277 ], [ 278, 450 ], [ 451, 622 ], [ 623, 827 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Claude Debussy [or Achille-Claude Debussy]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a work, premiered by conductor Gustave Doret, which opens with a flute solo containing chromatic descents and ascents.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "5476a20aea23cca905511db1", "qanta_id": 45106, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer wrote a work, premiered by conductor Gustave Doret, which opens with a flute solo containing chromatic descents and ascents. This composer ended one of his suites with a fourth-movement French courtly dance called a passepied. During the rehearsals of one of this composer's pieces, the violinists tied handkerchiefs on the end of their bows in protest. This composer, who wrote three \"symphonic sketches\" that include \"the play of the (*) waves,\" wrote a piece representing moonlight found in his Suite Bergamasque. Another of his pieces is a symphonic poem based on a Stephane Mallarm\u00e9 poem. For 10 points, name this French composer of the Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, La Mer, and \"Clair de lune.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 240 ], [ 241, 367 ], [ 368, 530 ], [ 531, 607 ], [ 608, 720 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "iron [or Fe]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Hereditary buildup of this element in the liver is found in a disease known by shorthand as HHC.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iron", "proto_id": "5476a20bea23cca905511dcd", "qanta_id": 45134, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Hereditary buildup of this element in the liver is found in a disease known by shorthand as HHC. At standard pressure, this element has allotropes labeled alpha through delta, the gamma allotrope of which is face-centered cubic and is called austenite. Mossbauer spectrometry is often conducted on the 57 isotope of this element, which is the (*) heaviest that can be produced via the silicon-burning process in a star. It is the most common element by mass in the Earth, and its ores include limonite, goethite, magnetite, and hematite. For 10 points, name this metallic element that is strengthened by carbon to form steel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 252 ], [ 253, 419 ], [ 420, 537 ], [ 538, 625 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Alexander the Great [accept Alexander III]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man was effectively adopted as a son by Sisygambis, the mother of one of his defeated enemies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476a20cea23cca905511dd2", "qanta_id": 45139, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This man was effectively adopted as a son by Sisygambis, the mother of one of his defeated enemies. While being burned alive, Calanus mysteriously told this him \"We shall meet in Babylon,\" and this man indeed died in Babylon. His life was chronicled by Callisthenes and he was devastated after the death of Hephaestion, his second in command. This leader built a causeway to allow the siege of the island city of (*) Tyre. This man's troops refused to cross the Beas River some time after defeating King Porus at the bloody Battle of the Hydaspes River. His heirs were known as the Diadochi. This victor at Issus and Gaugamela died after an aborted invasion of India. For 10 points, name this Macedonian who conquered the Persians before dying at age thirty two.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 225 ], [ 226, 342 ], [ 343, 422 ], [ 423, 553 ], [ 554, 591 ], [ 592, 667 ], [ 668, 762 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Berlin", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It's not in the Soviet Union, but a film about this city was subtitled Symphony of a Great City.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Berlin", "proto_id": "5476a20cea23cca905511de1", "qanta_id": 45154, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "It's not in the Soviet Union, but a film about this city was subtitled Symphony of a Great City. A planned \"Great -Hall\" for this city's \"World Capital\" plan referenced Rome by having a dome featuring an eagle grasping a globe. During one event in this city, Avery Brundage benched Sam Stoller and Marty Glickman, perhaps to prevent embarrassment. The never completed Volkshalle in this city was planned by (*) Albert Speer. It was where Rosa Luxemburg was killed during the failed left-wing Spartacist movement. This city is the setting of a two-part 1938 film made shortly after Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl. For 10 points, name this city where Jesse Owens won four gold medals at the 1936 Summer Olympics, which was intended to promote the Nazi regime.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 227 ], [ 228, 347 ], [ 348, 424 ], [ 425, 512 ], [ 513, 621 ], [ 622, 766 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Charlemagne [or Charles the Great or Charles I]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's forces killed captives in the Massacre of Verden while fighting warriors led by Widukind.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "5476a20cea23cca905511de2", "qanta_id": 45155, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This man's forces killed captives in the Massacre of Verden while fighting warriors led by Widukind. His son conquered a fortress called the Ring of the Avars in his defeat over the Avar Khaganate. This ruler married Desiderata, daughter of the king of the Lombards, and he invited such scholars as Peter of Pisa and (*) Alcuin of York to join his court. Some of this man's chief followers were killed at Roncevaux Pass by the Basques. He was succeeded by his son Louis the Pious and his territories were ultimately divided in the Treaty of Verdun. On Christmas Day in 800, this man was crowned emperor by Pope Leo III. For 10 points, name this eldest son of Pepin the Short, the founder of the Carolingian Dynasty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 197 ], [ 198, 354 ], [ 355, 435 ], [ 436, 548 ], [ 549, 619 ], [ 620, 715 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Franz Kafka", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author's ostensible relationship with a \"Madam Tschissik\" and belief in the golem are related by Jacques Kohn in an Isaac Bashevis Singer story about a \"Friend of\" this author.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Kafka", "proto_id": "5476a20dea23cca905511df0", "qanta_id": 45169, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This author's ostensible relationship with a \"Madam Tschissik\" and belief in the golem are related by Jacques Kohn in an Isaac Bashevis Singer story about a \"Friend of\" this author. An engagement to Frieda Brandenfeld is broken when a letter which ends \"I sentence you now to death by drowning!\" causes Georg Bendemann to jump off a bridge in this author's story \"The Judgement\". The maid Rosa is bitten by a boorish groom in another of his stories, whose protagonist is transported to the house of a mysteriously-wounded (*) patient. In another story, this author used the phrase \"ungeheures Ungeziefer\" to refer to a traveling salesman who experiences a night of uneasy dreams. This author of \"A Country Doctor\" also wrote the story \"In the Penal Colony\". For 10 points, identify this Prague-born author who wrote of Gregor Samsa waking up as an insect in \"The Metamorphosis\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 295 ], [ 296, 379 ], [ 380, 534 ], [ 535, 679 ], [ 680, 757 ], [ 758, 878 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "edward estlin cummings", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author used the name \"Virgil\" to refer to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Dana, his guide to Moscow, in his travelogue EIMI.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._E._Cummings", "proto_id": "5476a20dea23cca905511df6", "qanta_id": 45175, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author used the name \"Virgil\" to refer to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Dana, his guide to Moscow, in his travelogue EIMI. He called Death \"rich beyond wishing / if this thou catch\" in a poem that opens \"Thy fingers make early flowers of all things\". Another of his poems ends by noting \"it's always ourselves we find in the sea\" after describing the title girls' trip to the beach. This author of \"Maggie and Milly and Molly and May\" revealed \"the deepest secret nobody knows\" in his poem \"I (*) carry your heart with me\". He also wrote a poem which repeats lines like \"sun moon stars rain\" and \"with up so floating many bells down\" and penned a novel describing the four months he spent in a French prison during World War I. For 10 points, identify this author of \"anyone lived in a pretty how town\" and The Enormous Room, an American poet noted for his unusual orthography.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 252 ], [ 253, 384 ], [ 385, 496 ], [ 496, 525 ], [ 526, 729 ], [ 730, 879 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "cystic fibrosis [accept CF until mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protein defective in this condition is generally anchored by a PDZ domain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cystic_fibrosis", "proto_id": "5476a20eea23cca905511e0c", "qanta_id": 45197, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The protein defective in this condition is generally anchored by a PDZ domain. This condition is detected in a test that involves application of pilocarpine. Clubbed fingertips and toes are common in patients of this condition, and the protein defective in this condition functions as a thiocyanate (*) transported. This protein is most often caused by delta F-508 mutations, in which a phenylalanine residue is absent from a protein which transports sodium and chlorine across membranes. Patients of this disease have dangerously high lung mucus levels. For 10 points, name this disease whose patients have very high sweat chloride concentrations, which is abbreviated CF.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 157 ], [ 158, 315 ], [ 316, 488 ], [ 489, 554 ], [ 555, 673 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "polynomials", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Hilbert's Nullstellensatz relates algebraic sets to ideals in rings of these objects.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polynomial", "proto_id": "5476a20eea23cca905511e10", "qanta_id": 45201, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "Hilbert's Nullstellensatz relates algebraic sets to ideals in rings of these objects. A lemma named for Gauss says that the product of two primitive examples of these objects is primitive and Eisenstein's criterion concerns their reducibility. The set of these objects over a field K is denoted K bracket x and forms their namesake ring. Their quotients can be simplified by synthetic division. Eigenvalues correspond to the values at which a matrix's (*) characteristic one evaluates to zero. Descartes' rule of signs bounds the number of their real roots, and another theorem says that examples of degree n has n complex roots counting multiplicity. For 10 points, name these functions which can be written as a sum where each term is a coefficient times some power of a variable.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 243 ], [ 244, 337 ], [ 338, 394 ], [ 395, 493 ], [ 494, 651 ], [ 652, 782 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Yukio Mishima [or Kimitake Hiraoka; accept names in either order]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this man's protagonists holds canasta parties with a lesbian who later reveals a secret that prompts a character to attempt suicide by drinking methanol.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yukio_Mishima", "proto_id": "5476a20eea23cca905511e1a", "qanta_id": 45211, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One of this man's protagonists holds canasta parties with a lesbian who later reveals a secret that prompts a character to attempt suicide by drinking methanol. One of this author's characters is given a copy of League of the Divine Wind by a youth who later assassinates the capitalist Kurahara. One of this author's protagonists sees a trio of moles on the bodies of the Thai princess Ying Chan, the orphan Toru, and the ultranationalist Isao, all of whom are thought to be (*) reincarnations of Kiyoaki. He created Shigekuni Honda, who appears in such novels as Runaway Horses and Spring Snow. This founder of the Tatenokai committed seppuku after a failed 1970 coup. For 10 points, name this author of the Sea of Fertility tetralogy, a Japanese novelist who also penned The Temple of the Golden Pavilion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 296 ], [ 297, 506 ], [ 507, 596 ], [ 597, 670 ], [ 671, 808 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "George Washington", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This general lost one battle when his subordinate, Adam Stephen, was intoxicated during it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "5476a210ea23cca905511e44", "qanta_id": 45253, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This general lost one battle when his subordinate, Adam Stephen, was intoxicated during it. He was sent to Fort Le Boeuf by Robert Dinwiddie. This man dramatically put on his spectacles while squelching the Newburgh Conspiracy. He was the senior American aide to Edward (*) Braddock on that man's ill-fated expedition and had previously been forced to surrender Fort Necessity. This man improved the skills of his troops by bringing in Baron von Steuben to train them. He made a dramatic evacuation after losing the Battle of Long Island. For 10 points, name this American general who led his troops to capture Hessians at Trenton after crossing the Delaware River on Christmas Day, 1776.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 141 ], [ 142, 227 ], [ 228, 377 ], [ 378, 468 ], [ 469, 538 ], [ 539, 688 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Leo Tolstoy [or Count Lev Nikolayovich Tolstoy]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One novel by this author, which was inspired by reading another author's The Tales of Belkin, has the epigraph \"Vengeance is mine: I will repay.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "proto_id": "5476a211ea23cca905511e51", "qanta_id": 45266, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "One novel by this author, which was inspired by reading another author's The Tales of Belkin, has the epigraph \"Vengeance is mine: I will repay.\" In another novel, this author wrote of a man who leaves his pregnant wife Lise, the \"Little Princess,\" at the estate of Bleak Hills to join the war effort. This author created a man who breaks the back of the horse Frou Frou in a steeplechase accident, visibly concerning that man's mistress. He created Prince (*) Andrey Bolkonsky in a novel in which the protagonist fights in the Battle of Borodino. Another of his protagonists loves Count Vronsky and throws herself in front of a train. For 10 points, name this author of Anna Karenina and War and Peace.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 301 ], [ 302, 438 ], [ 439, 460 ], [ 461, 547 ], [ 548, 635 ], [ 636, 703 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "calcium", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "When it interacts with ryanodine receptors, this element upregulates its own release, and this compound forms the cell plates of coccolithophores.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Calcium", "proto_id": "5476a211ea23cca905511e52", "qanta_id": 45267, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "When it interacts with ryanodine receptors, this element upregulates its own release, and this compound forms the cell plates of coccolithophores. Stimulation of Gq (\"g-sub-q\") opens a channel that allows for this ion's movement, and proteins that bind this ion have an EF hand motif. Cellular concentrations of this ion are regulated by IP3. Parafollicular cells of the (*) thyroid produce a compound that reduces the concentration of this ion in blood, and its intestinal absorption requires vitamin D. This ion interacts with Troponin to stimulate muscle contraction, and the lumens of sarcoplasmic reticula have high concentrations of this ion. For 10 points, name this divalent cation that is stored in bones.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 284 ], [ 285, 342 ], [ 343, 504 ], [ 505, 648 ], [ 649, 714 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "W.V.O. Quine [or Williard Van Orman Quine; accept Van from proven \"intimates\", but never, ever accept \"William Van Orman Quince\"]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man attempted to bridge the gap between belief and knowledge in a book that claimed since epistemology relied on sense-data, it was a scientific discipline.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willard_Van_Orman_Quine", "proto_id": "5476a211ea23cca905511e58", "qanta_id": 45273, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This man attempted to bridge the gap between belief and knowledge in a book that claimed since epistemology relied on sense-data, it was a scientific discipline. Another work by this philosopher claims that the best scientific principles provide the best explanations for experience. This man advocated ontological relativity in a book that uses the gibberish word \"gavagai\" to illustrate the indeterminacy of (*) translation. This author of Epistemology Naturalized rejected Carnap's attempts to derive a common language in one essay. That essay by this man uses the terms \"an unmarried man\" and \"bachelor\" to demonstrate the futility of reductionism and refutes the analytic/synthetic distinction of logical positivism. For 10 points, name this American philosopher who wrote \"Two Dogmas of Empiricism\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 283 ], [ 284, 426 ], [ 427, 535 ], [ 536, 721 ], [ 722, 805 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "the Sun [accept Sol or solar deities/gods/goddesses before \"Sol\" is read\"]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One god of this domain is accompanied by seven judges, seven messengers, and his bald uncle Myesyats.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sun", "proto_id": "5476a212ea23cca905511e68", "qanta_id": 45289, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "One god of this domain is accompanied by seven judges, seven messengers, and his bald uncle Myesyats. Another god of this domain counts among his enemies the immortal disembodied head Rahu. A god of this domain was assisted by the vizier Bunene, gave an axe called \"Might of Heroes\" and the bow of Anshan to Gilgamesh, and lived in a palace guarded by scorpion men. In another myth system, Dijun and Xihe were the parents of the three-legged birds responsible for this domain, (*) nine of which were killed by the archer Hou Yi. A temple that is torn down and rebuilt every twenty years at Ise is sacred to another deity of this domain, who once hid in a cave after a flayed pony was thrown into her hall by her brother Susano'o. For 10 points, identify this celestial domain associated with Dazhbog, Surya, Shamash, Amaterasu, and the Norse demigoddess S\u00f3l.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 189 ], [ 190, 365 ], [ 366, 528 ], [ 529, 729 ], [ 730, 858 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "esters", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A carbon alpha to two carbons with this functionality is alkylated and then decarboxylated in a reaction named for the malonic type of these compounds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ester", "proto_id": "5476a212ea23cca905511e6c", "qanta_id": 45293, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "A carbon alpha to two carbons with this functionality is alkylated and then decarboxylated in a reaction named for the malonic type of these compounds. An ortho, para selective rearrangement that yields acyl phenols reacts one of these compounds with a Lewis acid. Compounds with a carbonyl functionality two carbons away from this functionality are synthesized from compounds that have two instances of this functionality in the (*) Dieckmann condensation, which produces the \"beta keto\" variety of these. Alcohols are refluxed with carboxylic acids to synthesize these compounds. Triglycerides feature three of these compounds' functionality because fatty acids have been joined to a glycerol backbone. For 10 points, name these compounds produced in a reaction named for Fischer, which have an R-COOR structure.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 264 ], [ 265, 506 ], [ 507, 581 ], [ 582, 704 ], [ 705, 814 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "cholesterol", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Transcription factors that regulate this compound's synthesis recognize the sequence TCACNCCAC; those transcription factors are activated when high levels of this compound are detected by SCAPs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cholesterol", "proto_id": "5476a212ea23cca905511e7b", "qanta_id": 45308, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Transcription factors that regulate this compound's synthesis recognize the sequence TCACNCCAC; those transcription factors are activated when high levels of this compound are detected by SCAPs. This compound is a precursor to glucocorticoids and estrogens, and the synthesis of this compound is regulated by SREBPs. A decrease in Coenzyme (*) Q is a side effect of a class of drugs that reduces this compound's synthesis by inhibiting HMG Co-A Reductases; those drugs are called statins. This compound maintains fluidity of the plasma membrane at extreme temperatures. For 10 points, name this compound that is transported by the lipoproteins LDL and HDL, which are called its \"bad\" and \"good\" types.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 316 ], [ 317, 488 ], [ 489, 569 ], [ 570, 701 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Republic of Kenya", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One author from this country documented four generations of women in The River and the Source.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenya", "proto_id": "5476a212ea23cca905511e7e", "qanta_id": 45311, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One author from this country documented four generations of women in The River and the Source. In a novel set in this country, District Officer Thomas Robson is murdered by the revolutionary Kihika, while the farmer Gikonyo is displaced from his home in Thabai. In another novel set in this country, Inspector Godfrey charges Munira with murder for burning down Wanja's house, causing flames that are the title deadly but beautiful phenomenon. An author from this home country of Margaret Ogola renounced (*) English in Decolonizing the Mind and wrote 2006's Wizard of the Crow in this country's native Gikuyu language. For 10 points, A Grain of Wheat and Petals of Blood were set in what country by an author from that country, Ngugi Wa Thiong'o?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 261 ], [ 262, 443 ], [ 444, 619 ], [ 620, 747 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "polymers [prompt on plastics; prompt on viscoelastic materials]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One synthesis for these molecules often uses MAO as a co-catalyst.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymer", "proto_id": "5476a213ea23cca905511e8c", "qanta_id": 45325, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One synthesis for these molecules often uses MAO as a co-catalyst. The second virial coefficient for these molecules is zero at the theta temperature. The intrinsic viscosity for these molecules is equal to some constant times molecular weight raised to another constant according to the Mark-Houwink equation. Dynamic mechanical analysis of these molecules can be used to generate a plot of modulus versus temperature, which contains a knee at the glass transition temperature. The configuration of subsequent R and H groups determines the tacticity of these molecules. Very few branches are observed when they are synthesized from alkenes with Ziegler-Natta catalysts. For 10 points, name these long molecules made of small, repeating structural units that include polyethylene and polypropylene.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 150 ], [ 151, 310 ], [ 311, 478 ], [ 479, 570 ], [ 571, 670 ], [ 671, 798 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Japan", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The planned resettlement of Jews in this country was the subject of the Five Ministers' Conference.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "5476a214ea23cca905511ea8", "qanta_id": 45353, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The planned resettlement of Jews in this country was the subject of the Five Ministers' Conference. A religion originating in this country contains a list of transgressions called the Eight Dusts and believes that physical bodies are borrowed to live the Joyous Life. The patron saint of Mexico City, Philip de Jesus, was killed in this country as one of the Twenty-Six Martyrs. One festival practiced in this country is named after the ages of children who partake in it and has a name translating as \"seven five three.\" Suspected Christians in this country were forced to step on images of Jesus or Mary in a period during which they were labelled \"hidden.\" The first Catholic missionary to this country was Francis Xavier, and one of its religions worships kami. For 10 points, name this home country of Tenrikyo and Shinto.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 267 ], [ 268, 378 ], [ 379, 521 ], [ 522, 658 ], [ 658, 765 ], [ 766, 827 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Diels-Alder reaction [prompt on [4+2] cycloaddition]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The oxo variant of this reaction is used to construct dihydropyran from carbonyl groups.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diels\u2013Alder_reaction", "proto_id": "5476a214ea23cca905511ea9", "qanta_id": 45354, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The oxo variant of this reaction is used to construct dihydropyran from carbonyl groups. The stereo- and regiochemistry of this reaction can be predicted using rules named for one of its namesakes and Stein, which is also known as the cis principle. This is definitely the most famous name reaction for which the selection rules of Woodward and Hoffmann apply. Interestingly, this reaction involves the interaction of the HOMO of one reactant and the LUMO of the other, a situation that is reversed in its \"inverse demand\" form. Danishefsky's reagent and maleic anhydride are commonly used reactants for this reaction. Because the stereoisomer in this concerted/pericyclic reaction depends on whether the reactants are aligned or staggered in the transition state, the endo state is kinetically favored. For 10 points, identify this doubly-eponymous reaction in which a cyclohexene is produced from the cycloaddition of a conjugated diene and an alkene, or dienophile", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 249 ], [ 250, 360 ], [ 361, 528 ], [ 529, 618 ], [ 619, 803 ], [ 804, 967 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "clarinet", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of the most popular contemporary compositions for this instrument is \"Stranger on the Shore.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Clarinet", "proto_id": "5476a215ea23cca905511eb8", "qanta_id": 45369, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One of the most popular contemporary compositions for this instrument is \"Stranger on the Shore.\" Stravinsky's Ebony Concerto was composed in order to showcase one player of this instrument, modern players of which include Acker Bilk and Pete Fountain. In addition to playing the saxophone, Lester Young also played this instrument. Cole Porter's song \"Begin the Beguine\" became popular thanks to a 1938 recording by a player of this instrument, Artie Shaw. Woody Herman inspired the stage name of one player of this instrument. Another player of this instrument became the first jazz bandleader to play at Carnegie Hall in 1938 and was known as the \"King of Swing.\" For 10 points, name this instrument played by Woody Allen and Benny Goodman.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 252 ], [ 253, 332 ], [ 333, 457 ], [ 458, 528 ], [ 529, 666 ], [ 667, 743 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Jacques-Louis David", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a book subtitled Art in Metamorphosis, Dorothy Johnson claimed that this artist was one of the first to express the attitudes of his subjects in their entire bodies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jacques-Louis_David", "proto_id": "5476a216ea23cca905511ed3", "qanta_id": 45396, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In a book subtitled Art in Metamorphosis, Dorothy Johnson claimed that this artist was one of the first to express the attitudes of his subjects in their entire bodies. Two horn players appear behind a tree trunk on the right hand side of one canvas by this artist, in which three men hold outstretched wreaths behind a Spartan king. This painter of Leonidas at Thermopylae depicted a divan perched on some clouds in Mars Being Disarmed by Venus, while a divan is again the seat of the primary subject of his portrait of Madame Recamier. One of his paintings shows a stairway through a stone archway on the left and features a man in a toga being passed a cup of hemlock. In a different painting by him, three brothers gesture towards their father, who holds their swords. For 10 points, name this French Neoclassical painter of The Death of Socrates and The Oath of the Horatii.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 333 ], [ 334, 537 ], [ 538, 671 ], [ 672, 772 ], [ 773, 879 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Importance of Being Earnest", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An inquisitive woman in this play is told that the family solicitors of one female character are Messieurs Markby, Markby and Markby; that female character reveals to an imposter that they have already been engaged and broken up, unbeknownst to him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest", "proto_id": "5476a216ea23cca905511edf", "qanta_id": 45408, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "An inquisitive woman in this play is told that the family solicitors of one female character are Messieurs Markby, Markby and Markby; that female character reveals to an imposter that they have already been engaged and broken up, unbeknownst to him. One man in this play uses an imaginary invalid to get out of boring engagements in the city. Two men in this play decide to have Canon Chasuble rechristen them with the same name, and one of them lies that he has a brother so he can visit the daughter of Lady Bracknell. Later, Cecily Cardew and Gwendolyn Fairfax state they can't love men with names like Algernon and Jack. At the end of this play, Miss Prism confesses she absent-mindedly left John Worthing in a handbag in a train station. For 10 points, name this Oscar Wilde play.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 249 ], [ 250, 342 ], [ 343, 520 ], [ 521, 624 ], [ 625, 742 ], [ 743, 785 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Philip Glass", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A six-movement work of chamber music by this composer includes movements entitled \"Floe,\" \"Rubric,\" and \"Fa\u00e7ades.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philip_Glass", "proto_id": "5476a217ea23cca905511eea", "qanta_id": 45419, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "A six-movement work of chamber music by this composer includes movements entitled \"Floe,\" \"Rubric,\" and \"Fa\u00e7ades.\" His first cello concerto, written for Julian Lloyd Webber, is one of the eight concertos collected in his Concerto Project. This composer's album Solo Piano ends with the tracks \"Mad Rush\" and \"Wichita Sutra Vortex,\" which follow five tracks named \"Metamorphosis.\" This composer wrote Music in Twelve Parts for his namesake ensemble. He scored a work whose name is Hopi for \"life out of balance,\" Koyaanisqatsi. This composer's \"Portrait Trilogy\" includes operas about Gandhi and Akhenaten, as well as an opera with five intermezzos called \"knee plays.\" For 10 points, name this minimalist composer known for his film scores and his opera Einstein on the Beach.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 238 ], [ 239, 378 ], [ 378, 448 ], [ 449, 526 ], [ 527, 667 ], [ 667, 776 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Glass Menagerie", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An unseen character in this play is last heard from via a postcard sent from Mazatlan that contains only the words \"hello\" and \"good-bye.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Glass_Menagerie", "proto_id": "5476a217ea23cca905511eee", "qanta_id": 45423, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "An unseen character in this play is last heard from via a postcard sent from Mazatlan that contains only the words \"hello\" and \"good-bye.\" At the start of this play, one character addresses the audience by claiming that he is unlike a stage magician because he will present truth in the guise of illusion rather than illusion in the guise of truth. One character in this play refers to another by the nickname \"Shakespeare\" at the warehouse where they used to work, while it is discovered that another character has not been attending Rubicam's Business College. Two characters in this play execute a clumsy waltz, resulting in a figurine of a unicorn breaking and losing its horn. In this play, Jim, a gentleman-caller, visits the Wingfield home to meet the socially withdrawn Laura. For 10 points, name this Tennessee Williams play named after a zoo of transparent statuettes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 137, 348 ], [ 349, 562 ], [ 563, 681 ], [ 682, 784 ], [ 785, 878 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi-Krebs cycle [or citric acid cycle; or tricarboxylic acid cycle or TCA cycle until it is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Although it does not involve derivatives of malonic acid, the input to this pathway is formed by a complex containing many copies of the enzymes dihydrolipoyl transacetylase and E1, the latter of which requires the cofactor TPP.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Citric_acid_cycle", "proto_id": "5476a218ea23cca905511f10", "qanta_id": 45457, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Although it does not involve derivatives of malonic acid, the input to this pathway is formed by a complex containing many copies of the enzymes dihydrolipoyl transacetylase and E1, the latter of which requires the cofactor TPP. The iron-sulfur protein aconitase catalyzes the isomerization of one molecule in this process to its iso- form. An intermediate in this process inhibits phosphofructokinase, and calcium upregulates this process by activating alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. In one step of this process, succinate is oxidized to form fumarate. Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate in the first step of this process, which occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates much of the NADH subsequently used for oxidative phosphorylation. For 10 points, name this process that succeeds glycolysis and is sometimes known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 228 ], [ 229, 340 ], [ 341, 488 ], [ 489, 557 ], [ 558, 749 ], [ 750, 863 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "violin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One concerto for this instrument opens with four beats on the timpani.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Violin", "proto_id": "5476a219ea23cca905511f1a", "qanta_id": 45467, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One concerto for this instrument opens with four beats on the timpani. In another concerto for this instrument, the soloist enters on beat three with three high B's in a dotted quarter, eighth note, half-note rhythm; that concerto has a sustained bassoon note connecting its first two movements. The concertino of Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 consists of one of these instruments and two recorders, and this instrument is notably absent from Brandenburg Concerto No. 6. This instrument is the soloist in the M\u00e9ditation from Massenet's opera Tha\u00efs. The aforementioned concerti are one in D by Beethoven and one in E minor by Mendelssohn. Twenty-four caprices for this instrument were written by Niccol\u00f2 Paganini. For 10 points, name this instrument, two of which join a viola and cello in a string quartet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 295 ], [ 296, 464 ], [ 465, 467 ], [ 468, 545 ], [ 546, 634 ], [ 635, 709 ], [ 710, 803 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Margaret Mead", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work, this thinker analyzed how warlike tendencies varied amongst men and women in the Arapesh, Mundugumor, and Tchambuli societies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "5476a219ea23cca905511f27", "qanta_id": 45480, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In one work, this thinker analyzed how warlike tendencies varied amongst men and women in the Arapesh, Mundugumor, and Tchambuli societies. A taped conversation between this person and James Baldwin became the basis for the book A Rap on Race. This thinker's fieldwork supported the thesis that relatively few people were part of the taupou system, and that the advent of Christianity led to a relaxation of that system rather than its reinforcement. The author of Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, this thinker claimed that a more overt sexuality and a lack of conflicting, restricting values eased the transition from adolescence to adulthood amongst the women on the island of Ta'u. For 10 points, name this anthropologist who wrote Coming of Age in Samoa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 243 ], [ 244, 450 ], [ 451, 701 ], [ 702, 775 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Egypt", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One author from this country created a woman who tells her life story to a prison psychiatrist after accepting that she will die for stabbing a pimp in her novel Woman at Point Zero.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "5476a21aea23cca905511f34", "qanta_id": 45493, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One author from this country created a woman who tells her life story to a prison psychiatrist after accepting that she will die for stabbing a pimp in her novel Woman at Point Zero. One series set primarily in this country includes the suicide of the novelist Pursewarden and the death of Capodistria at a duck hunt; that series centers on Darley and includes Justine and Balthazar. In a different novel set in this country, Amina is hit by a car while her husband is out of town, highlighting her disobedience in having left the house by herself. That book, in which Yasin and his father, Al-Jayyad, both share a love of prostitutes and are the two main male figures in the Al-Jawad family, is titled Palace Walk. For 10 points, name this country, the setting of Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet and of Naguib Mahfouz's Cairo Trilogy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 383 ], [ 384, 548 ], [ 549, 715 ], [ 716, 841 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Carl Gustav Jung", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Gregory Bateson borrowed this thinker's division of the world into pleroma and creatura.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carl_Jung", "proto_id": "5476a21bea23cca905511f4c", "qanta_id": 45517, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "Gregory Bateson borrowed this thinker's division of the world into pleroma and creatura. His disciple Barbara Hannah wrote the book Encounters with the Soul about his development of the technique of active imagination. His interest in gnosticism led him to write a work which he attributed to Basilides, Seven Sermons to the Dead. According to this thinker, the crucial process in the development of the psyche is the integrative process of individuation. He described a male's feminine qualities and a female's masculine qualities as the anima and animus, respectively, which are two examples of the psychological archetypes he proposed. For 10 points, name this Swiss psychologist who theorized the collective unconscious.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 218 ], [ 219, 330 ], [ 331, 455 ], [ 456, 638 ], [ 639, 724 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Charles-Camille Saint-Saens", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer's third symphony was written in two movements but maintains the traditional four-movement structure, and begins with a theme incorporating the beginning of the Dies irae chant.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Camille_Saint-Sa\u00ebns", "proto_id": "5476a21cea23cca905511f59", "qanta_id": 45530, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer's third symphony was written in two movements but maintains the traditional four-movement structure, and begins with a theme incorporating the beginning of the Dies irae chant. One of his last works was the film score for the movie The Assassination of the Duke of Guise. His works inspired by the Middle East include Nuit persane and his fifth piano concerto, which is nicknamed The Egyptian. He also set to music a poem by Henri Cazalis which begins with the words \"zig, zig, zig.\" In one of his works, the xylophone represents the dancing of skeletons and another of his works has movements such as \"Characters with Long Ears,\" \"Fossils,\" and \"The Swan.\" For 10 points, name this French composer of Danse Macabre and Carnival of the Animals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 285 ], [ 286, 407 ], [ 408, 497 ], [ 498, 671 ], [ 672, 758 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Sweden [or Konungariket Sverige]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A former ruler of this country ordered the killing of Gian Rinaldo Monaldeschi after the latter revealed that ruler's plans to become the ruler of Naples.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sweden", "proto_id": "5476a21dea23cca905511f87", "qanta_id": 45576, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "A former ruler of this country ordered the killing of Gian Rinaldo Monaldeschi after the latter revealed that ruler's plans to become the ruler of Naples. A ruler of this country notably organized his infantry linearly, rather than into tercios, and employed lighter artillery for greater mobility. A nationalist party in this country called the \"Hats\" advocated war with Russia during the eighteenth century, during which this country experienced an \"Age of Liberty.\" This country was led by a queen who converted to Catholicism and whose father died at the Battle of Lutzen. Along with Poland, this country was ruled by the House of Vasa, which included Queen Christina and her father, Gustavus Adolphus. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country whose capital was the site of the Stockholm Bloodbath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 298 ], [ 299, 467 ], [ 467, 576 ], [ 577, 706 ], [ 707, 807 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Han Dynasty [or Han Chao]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A female historian of this dynasty advised women to be submissive to their husbands in Lessons for Women.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Han_dynasty", "proto_id": "5476a21eea23cca905511f8c", "qanta_id": 45581, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A female historian of this dynasty advised women to be submissive to their husbands in Lessons for Women. Some rulers of this line allied with the \"Grandchildren of the Crow\" against an empire whose first leader was Modu. A rebellion against this dynasty preached the Way of Supreme Peace and was led by three Zhang brothers. One ruler from this line sent an expedition in search of the heavenly horses, had the writer of the Records of the Grand Historian castrated, and instituted monopolies on salt and iron. The rule of this dynasty, whose family name was Liu, was interrupted by the interregnum of a Confucian scholar who opposed the Red Eyebrows, Wang Mang. Its decline came in the wake of the Yellow Turban Rebellion. For 10 points, name this dynasty founded by Liu Bang, which had emperors such as Wudi and succeeded the Qin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 221 ], [ 222, 325 ], [ 326, 511 ], [ 512, 663 ], [ 664, 724 ], [ 725, 833 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gerard Manley Hopkins", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one poem, this man remarked that \"each mortal thing does one thing and the same,\" which includes \"crying what I do is me: for that I came.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gerard_Manley_Hopkins", "proto_id": "5476a21eea23cca905511f9d", "qanta_id": 45598, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In one poem, this man remarked that \"each mortal thing does one thing and the same,\" which includes \"crying what I do is me: for that I came.\" The speaker of that poem states that \"as kingfishers catch fire, dragonflies draw flame.\" Another poem by this man notes that \"as the heart grows colder, it will come to such sights colder\" and begins by asking \"Margaret, are you grieving?\" This author of \"Spring and Fall\" wrote a poem whose speaker admires \"the achieve of; the mastery of\" the title creature, who is called \"morning's minion\" and \"dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon.\" Another of this man's poems opens by stating \"Glory be to God for dappled things.\" For 10 points, name this poet who wrote \"Pied Beauty\" and \"The Windhover.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 141, 232 ], [ 233, 382 ], [ 382, 383 ], [ 384, 569 ], [ 570, 652 ], [ 653, 727 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Canada", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An author from this country wrote about Grant, who finds that his wife Fiona has forgotten who he is when he visits her at the Meadowlake assisted living home, in the story \"The Bear Came Over the Mountain,\" which was adapted into the movie Away from Her.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Canada", "proto_id": "5476a220ea23cca905511fbd", "qanta_id": 45630, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "An author from this country wrote about Grant, who finds that his wife Fiona has forgotten who he is when he visits her at the Meadowlake assisted living home, in the story \"The Bear Came Over the Mountain,\" which was adapted into the movie Away from Her. That author from this country wrote about a handicapped girl performing at a piano recital in the story \"Dance of the Happy Shades.\" A novelist from this country recently published MaddAddam, the third in a trilogy of novels beginning with a post-apocalyptic novel about a man named Snowman. That author of Oryx & Crake also wrote a novel set in the Republic of Gilead, in which The Commander keeps a concubine named Offred; that novel is The Handmaid's Tale. For 10 points, name this country home to Alice Munro and Margaret Atwood.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 255 ], [ 256, 387 ], [ 387, 388 ], [ 389, 547 ], [ 548, 715 ], [ 716, 789 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Fall Tournament", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "John Dewey", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Rorty's Achieving Our Country extols this philosopher as embodying the American spirit of Whitman's Democratic Vistas, identifying him as the \"progressive Left\" in contrast to the \"critical Left\" of Lyotard.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Dewey", "proto_id": "5476a226ea23cca90551205a", "qanta_id": 45787, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "Rorty's Achieving Our Country extols this philosopher as embodying the American spirit of Whitman's Democratic Vistas, identifying him as the \"progressive Left\" in contrast to the \"critical Left\" of Lyotard. This man argued that the first title entity is created only in response to \"negative externalities\" in a tract describing how corporate influence and vulgar pop culture had created an \"eclipse,\" but not the \"phantom\" imagined by Walter Lippman. He described man as the \"live creature\" in his major text on aesthetics and challenged the stimulus-response model in an early Psychological Review article, but is best known for a work claiming that the formation of the mind resulted from an interplay between the individual and community. The author of \"The Reflex-Arc Concept in Psychology\" and Art as Experience, for 10 points, name this American pragmatist who wrote Democracy and Education.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 208, 452 ], [ 453, 743 ], [ 744, 899 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Cyrus the Great [or Cyrus II]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One notable document written by this ruler was placed in a foundation deposit underneath the Esagila.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cyrus_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476a227ea23cca90551207d", "qanta_id": 45822, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One notable document written by this ruler was placed in a foundation deposit underneath the Esagila. This man's son and successor had an incestuous relationship with this man's daughter, Atossa, and probably murdered this man's other son, Bardiya. His namesake Cylinder is sometimes consider the first declaration of human rights in history. This son of Persis seized the city of Sardis after defeating the Lydian king, Croesus. Herodotus reports that this man met his end fighting against Tomyris, the queen of the nomadic Massagetae people, while he was idealized in a namesake text by Xenophon. When this man conquered Babylon in 539 BCE, he permitted more than 40,000 Jews to leave and return to Palestine. For 10 points, name this founder of the Achaemenid Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 248 ], [ 249, 342 ], [ 343, 429 ], [ 430, 598 ], [ 599, 711 ], [ 712, 770 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Henri Matisse", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This painter created four crayon self-portraits for a lecture that argues \"Exactitude is Not Truth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henri_Matisse", "proto_id": "5476a229ea23cca9055120a4", "qanta_id": 45861, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This painter created four crayon self-portraits for a lecture that argues \"Exactitude is Not Truth.\" At the bottom of one notable painting by this artist, a woman plays two flute-like instruments at the same time. In the background of that painting, two goats are positioned nearby another figure playing with a wind instrument. This man's experiment with divisionist technique can be seen in his depiction of the French Riviera, which is titled after Baudelaire's concepts of Luxury, Peace, and Pleasure. A window to the outside world can be seen in his painting of a maid placing fruit and wine on a table, which is titled Harmony in Red. He was the leader of a group that included Raoul Dufy and Andre Derain as members. The background of another of his paintings depicts five figures cavorting in a circle. For 10 points, identify this painter of The Joy of Life and The Dance, the leader of the Fauvists.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 99, 213 ], [ 214, 328 ], [ 329, 505 ], [ 506, 640 ], [ 641, 723 ], [ 724, 810 ], [ 811, 909 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Stephen Crane", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author describes a youth encountering an assassin \"attired in the garb of old day.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stephen_Crane", "proto_id": "5476a22aea23cca9055120a7", "qanta_id": 45864, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One poem by this author describes a youth encountering an assassin \"attired in the garb of old day.\" In another poem by this author, a spirit stops a \"maid with violets\" from offering flowers to the grave of her lover. A collection by this author contains a poem about some angels above a church who wonder why the \"little black streams of people\u0085 stayed so long within.\" The speaker of another poem by him describes \"many devils running, leaping and carousing in sin,\" one of whom calls him a \"Comrade!\" and a \"Brother!\" He described \"a creature, naked, and bestial\" in a desert that ate his own heart. This author began that aforementioned poetry collection \"clang and clang of spear and shield, and clash and clash of hoof and heel\" after the titular characters \"came out from the sea.\" For 10 points, name this author of The Black Riders, a novelist who also wrote Maggie and The Red Badge of Courage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 99, 218 ], [ 219, 370 ], [ 370, 371 ], [ 372, 504 ], [ 505, 521 ], [ 522, 603 ], [ 604, 789 ], [ 790, 905 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "London", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An 1889 strike of dockworkers in this city was settled at Millwall and mediated by Edward Manning.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "London", "proto_id": "5476a22aea23cca9055120b6", "qanta_id": 45879, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "An 1889 strike of dockworkers in this city was settled at Millwall and mediated by Edward Manning. A wildly popular account of this city's underbelly was published by Ned Ward, who also described how the Mohawks and Hawkubites terrorized the women of this city. Joseph Bazalgette was largely responsible for redesigning this metropolitan area's sewer system after the Great Stink occurred. The police force of this city received the \"Dear Boss\" and \"From Hell\" letters, which enigmatically predicted a grisly set of crimes. Henry Cole organized an event in this city that displayed \"the works of industry of all nations\" in its Joseph Paxton\u0096designed structure. Its Whitechapel district was home to a series of unsolved murders. For 10 points, the Great Exhibition of 1851 took place in what city, which was also home to the Jack The Ripper killings?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 261 ], [ 262, 389 ], [ 390, 523 ], [ 524, 661 ], [ 662, 728 ], [ 729, 850 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "World War I [accept equivalents like the First World War]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one story set during the eve of this conflict, a spy opens his safe only to discover that its contents have been replaced with the book Practical Handbook of Bee Culture.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "World_War_I", "proto_id": "5476a22bea23cca9055120d4", "qanta_id": 45909, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "In one story set during the eve of this conflict, a spy opens his safe only to discover that its contents have been replaced with the book Practical Handbook of Bee Culture. A romance with Richard Leighton during the height of this conflict is discussed in Vera Brittain's Testament of Youth. George Winterbourne enlists to fight in it Richard Aldington's Death of a Hero, and the \"last Tory\" Christopher Tietjens fights in it throughout the course of the novels Some Do Not\u0085 and No More Parades. A veteran of this conflict spends some time in a park with his wife Lucrezia before committing suicide in Mrs. Dalloway. A poet who fought in this conflict wrote \"there's some corner of a foreign field that is forever England.\" For 10 points, Rupert Brooke, Siegfried Sassoon, and Wilfred Owen were participants in what conflict?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 292 ], [ 293, 462 ], [ 463, 496 ], [ 497, 617 ], [ 618, 724 ], [ 725, 826 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "John Adams", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this composer's operas, which was inspired by South Indian folk tales and Mozart's Die Zauberfl\u00f6te, Kumudha transforms into the title object to help her poor family.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Adams", "proto_id": "5476a22cea23cca9055120e0", "qanta_id": 45921, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In one of this composer's operas, which was inspired by South Indian folk tales and Mozart's Die Zauberfl\u00f6te, Kumudha transforms into the title object to help her poor family. An aria in one of this composer's operas includes a slow oboe solo in 5/4 time and borrows its name from a work of Erik Satie. Act II of that opera by this composer opens with the chorus \"Hagar and the Angel\" and ends when a character is shot by Molqi. An opera by this composer of A Flowering Tree opens with the chorus singing \"The people are the heroes now\" in an airfield before the \"Spirit of '76\" lands, and includes a part in which the title character attends a performance of The Red Detachment of Women. For 10 points, name this composer of the operas The Death of Klinghoffer and Nixon in China.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 302 ], [ 303, 428 ], [ 429, 688 ], [ 689, 781 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Walter Williams and Thomas Sowell organized the Fairmont Conference in a hotel in this city, where black conservatives like Clarence Thomas first gained national attention.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "San_Francisco", "proto_id": "5476a22dea23cca905512103", "qanta_id": 45956, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Walter Williams and Thomas Sowell organized the Fairmont Conference in a hotel in this city, where black conservatives like Clarence Thomas first gained national attention. This city hosted a 1915 World's Fair which celebrated the completion of the Panama Canal. This city housed the headquarters of the Peoples Temple, and in the 1960s it was the site of Compton's Cafeteria Riot. Frederick Funston helped save lives during an event in this city that prompted Mayor Eugene Schmitz to decree that police kill any looters on sight. One prominent politician in this city was killed by Dan White, who tried to use the Twinkie defense. George Moscone was its mayor from 1976 until 1978, and it was home to Harvey Milk. For 10 points, name this city which experienced a devastating earthquake in 1906.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 262 ], [ 263, 381 ], [ 382, 530 ], [ 531, 631 ], [ 632, 714 ], [ 715, 796 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Alexander III of Macedon [or Alexander the Great]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This figure can be seen walking through a path betweeen a mountain and a high throne outside of an impossibly fantastic castle in a masterpiece of Gustave Moreau.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476a22fea23cca905512122", "qanta_id": 45987, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This figure can be seen walking through a path betweeen a mountain and a high throne outside of an impossibly fantastic castle in a masterpiece of Gustave Moreau. Renaissance artists who frequently depicted this man included sodomist Il Sodoma, who painted a series on the life of this ruler. He can be seen holding his arms out wide as he receives the title conquered figure's family in a painting of Veronese. One of this man's equestrian victories can be found in a fresco within the House of the Fawn. A different work of art with the same title shows this man's troops below a moon on the top left and a rising sun just above some mountains in the middle right. A source by Aventinus calling this man the sun god can be found in that painting, which depicts a scroll over his massive army. For 10 points, name this warlord whose army can be seen kicking some ass in Albrecht Altdorfer's The Battle of Issus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 292 ], [ 293, 411 ], [ 412, 505 ], [ 506, 666 ], [ 667, 794 ], [ 795, 912 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "electrons [or electron gas; accept more specific answers]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At low densities, in a neutralizing, fixed background, Wigner predicted these objects would align into a lattice.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electron", "proto_id": "5476a233ea23cca905512190", "qanta_id": 46097, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "At low densities, in a neutralizing, fixed background, Wigner predicted these objects would align into a lattice. Their behavior when uniformly spread is approximated by the jellium model. In one model, they experience an infinite periodic series of square potentials, wavefunction solutions to which can be found with the Bloch theorem. The Drude-Sommerfeld model describes their behavior in a (*) metal. They are assumed to be detached from the ions and only subject to a combined potential in this particle's namesake free gas. Their radial position is given in terms of Laguerre polynomials when describing the hydrogen atom. In an n-type semiconductor, these are the charge carriers. For 10 points, name these negatively charged particles that orbit nuclei.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 188 ], [ 189, 337 ], [ 338, 405 ], [ 406, 530 ], [ 531, 629 ], [ 630, 688 ], [ 689, 762 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's decision to abolish the Machine Tractor Stations and transfer their power to the kolkhozes resulted in a severe food shortage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikita_Khrushchev", "proto_id": "5476a234ea23cca9055121a3", "qanta_id": 46116, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This man's decision to abolish the Machine Tractor Stations and transfer their power to the kolkhozes resulted in a severe food shortage. Lazar Kaganovich was one of the leaders of the so-called Anti-Party group that attempted to replace him with his Prime Minister Nikolai Bulganin. This leader attempted to boost agricultural productivity through the (*) Virgin Lands Campaign. After coming to power, this man gave the \"On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences\" oration partially denouncing his predecessor; that oration is more commonly called the \"Secret Speech\". He infamously banged his shoe on the table at a UN General Assembly Meeting and ruled during the Cuban Missile Crisis. For 10 points, name this Soviet leader who succeeded Stalin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 283 ], [ 284, 379 ], [ 380, 574 ], [ 575, 693 ], [ 694, 754 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Republic of Cuba", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Special Period occurred in this nation after the Comecon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cuba", "proto_id": "5476a235ea23cca9055121ba", "qanta_id": 46139, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The Special Period occurred in this nation after the Comecon. Redfield Proctor verified an incident in which many townspeople in this country died when fortified towns were repurposed as concentration camps. This country was the target of a planned invasion called Operation Mongoose. Following a (*) Ten Years War and a Little War, this nation finally achieved independence after the writing of the Manifesto of Montecristi and establishment of its Revolutionary Party by Jose Marti. A Moscow-Washingtion DC hotline was created following a Crisis named for this county. For 10 points, name this Caribbean island nation that was the target of the Bay of Pigs Invasion and was ruled for almost 50 years by Fidel Castro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 207 ], [ 208, 284 ], [ 285, 484 ], [ 485, 570 ], [ 571, 718 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Johan August Strindberg", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Mademoiselle Y's name is revealed to be Amelia in one play by this author consisting of a monologue by Frau X.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "August_Strindberg", "proto_id": "5476a237ea23cca9055121f5", "qanta_id": 46198, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "Mademoiselle Y's name is revealed to be Amelia in one play by this author consisting of a monologue by Frau X. This playwright of The Stronger faced a blasphemy trial over the publication of his short story collection Married. Frederik commits arson to kill himself and his family because Elise misused all their money in his play The (*) Pelican. This author wrote a play in which the title character's psychosis foils a plan to start a hotel at Lake Como. A mummy convinces Jacob Hummel to hang himself in the presence of Arkenholtz in one drama by this author, whose most famous character reacts to the beheading of a canary by killing herself with a razor. For 10 points, name this Swedish playwright of The Ghost Sonata and Miss Julie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 226 ], [ 227, 330 ], [ 331, 347 ], [ 348, 457 ], [ 458, 660 ], [ 661, 740 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Wystan Hugh Auden", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author mused \"suppose all the lions get up and go, And all the brooks and soldiers run away?", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "W._H._Auden", "proto_id": "5476a238ea23cca9055121fb", "qanta_id": 46204, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author mused \"suppose all the lions get up and go, And all the brooks and soldiers run away?\" asking \"will time say nothing but I told you so?\" in his villanelle. In one poem by this author, the speaker laments that \"The stars are not wanted now; put out every one, Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun.\" Yet another poem by this author reminds the reader that \"even the dreadful martyrdom must run its course.\" This author mourned a lover who was \"my North, my South, my East and West\" in a poem beginning (*) \"stop all the clocks.\" He wrote that \"dogs go on with their doggy life\" and that \"about suffering ,\" the \"Old Masters\" were \"never wrong\" in a poem about \"Breughel's Icarus.\" For 10 points, name this poet who wrote \"Funeral Blues\" and \"Musee des Beaux Arts.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 97, 128 ], [ 129, 167 ], [ 168, 311 ], [ 312, 417 ], [ 417, 418 ], [ 419, 540 ], [ 541, 692 ], [ 693, 776 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "David Herbert Lawrence", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author addresses a \"stern cold man\" whom the speaker refuses to believe is actually dead and closes", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "D._H._Lawrence", "proto_id": "5476a23aea23cca90551222e", "qanta_id": 46255, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One poem by this author addresses a \"stern cold man\" whom the speaker refuses to believe is actually dead and closes \"It's not true,/I am frightened, I am frightened of you.\" This author of \"A Woman and her Dead Husband\" wrote a poem in which the speaker picks up a \"clumsy log\" to throw at a water-trough that the title creature had come to. In a story by this author, Paul becomes involved with Bassett's (*) betting to provide extra money for Hester, but dies after picking Malabar to win a race while riding the title toy. This author of \"Snake\" and \"The Rocking Horse Winner\" wrote about the Wragby Estate gamekeeper Oliver Mellors, who has an affair with the wife of the crippled Clifford. For 10 points, name this author of Lady Chatterley's Lover.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 174 ], [ 175, 342 ], [ 343, 526 ], [ 527, 695 ], [ 696, 755 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Richard Strauss [prompt on Strauss]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a tone poem by this composer, a loud D sharp that leads into an E, played by the violas, denotes the passing of an old man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Strauss", "proto_id": "5476a23aea23cca90551223c", "qanta_id": 46269, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "In a tone poem by this composer, a loud D sharp that leads into an E, played by the violas, denotes the passing of an old man. Near the end of a work written for 23 strings, this composer quotes the funeral march from the Eroica Symphony. The bombing of Dresden inspired this composer's Metamorphosen. In his dying moments, this composer is said to have praised the accuracy of his (*) Tod und Verklarung in depicting death. Another of this composer's tone poems uses a wind machine and 20 horns and depicts the \"Ascent\" and \"Descent\" of a mountain. A more famous one ends with the \"Song of the Night Wanderer\" and begins with the trumpet playing the motif of C-G-C. For 10 points, name the composer of An Alpine Symphony and Also Sprach Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 238 ], [ 239, 301 ], [ 302, 424 ], [ 425, 549 ], [ 550, 666 ], [ 667, 750 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Republic of Kenya", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Koitalel Samoei, a leader of the Nandi tribe in this nation, opposed the construction of a railroad on the existing McKinnon-Sclater Road.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenya", "proto_id": "5476a23bea23cca90551223e", "qanta_id": 46271, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Koitalel Samoei, a leader of the Nandi tribe in this nation, opposed the construction of a railroad on the existing McKinnon-Sclater Road. Harry Thuku advocated land reform in this nation. The Swynnerton Plan redistributed land to punish a rebellion in this nation which would end with Operation Anvil and the capture of (*) Dedan Kimathi. A 2002 injunction saw Daniel Arap Moi constitutionally restricted from re-election. After electoral violence involving the supporters of opposition leader Raila Odinga, Mwai Kibaki of the National Rainbow Coalition took power in this nation in 2007. This nation was the site of the Mau Mau Rebellion against colonial British rule. For 10 points, name this African country, whose founding father was Jomo Kenyatta.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 188 ], [ 189, 339 ], [ 340, 423 ], [ 424, 589 ], [ 590, 670 ], [ 671, 753 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Graham Greene", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At the close of one story by this author, Francis Marion is revealed to have died during a game of hide-and-seek.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Graham_Greene", "proto_id": "5476a23bea23cca905512240", "qanta_id": 46273, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "At the close of one story by this author, Francis Marion is revealed to have died during a game of hide-and-seek. In another story by him, a boy named T leads the Wormsley Common Gang in the dismantling of the home of a man they call Old Misery, whom they lock in an outhouse. This author of \"The End of the Party,\" and \"The Destructors\" wrote a novel referencing a type of candy in the title in which (*) Pinkie Brown is tracked down by Ida Arnold after killing newspaperman Fred Hale. In another novel by this author, Yusuf smuggles diamonds on a Portuguese ship with the help of Henry Scobie. For 10 points name this British author who wrote Brighton Rock, The Heart of the Matter, and novel about the Whiskey Priest, titled The Power and the Glory.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 276 ], [ 277, 405 ], [ 406, 486 ], [ 487, 595 ], [ 596, 752 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Perseus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "According to Pausanias, this man fought a battle in which he killed Khorea and Ariadne, earning the ire of Dionysus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "5476a23cea23cca905512256", "qanta_id": 46295, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "According to Pausanias, this man fought a battle in which he killed Khorea and Ariadne, earning the ire of Dionysus. This man's life probably ended when Megapenthes killed him in revenge for the death of Proetus, an action that prompted this man to switch from ruling Argos to Tiryns. As a child, this man was saved on the island of Seriphos by (*) Dictys. This man retrieved a wedding present for the supposed marriage of Hippodameia and Polydectes. After his return, he visited the funeral games of Teutamides, where his discus struck his grandfather Acrisius. This man's father impregnated his mother Dana\u00eb in the form of a golden shower. For 10 points, name this son of Zeus who married Andromeda and slew the gorgon Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 284 ], [ 285, 356 ], [ 357, 450 ], [ 451, 562 ], [ 563, 641 ], [ 642, 728 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "entropy [accept more specific answers]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As n goes to infinity, the binomial coefficient n choose nk tends to 2 raised to n times the binary form of this quantity for n. One form of it is bounded above in Fano's inequality.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "5476a23cea23cca90551225d", "qanta_id": 46302, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "As n goes to infinity, the binomial coefficient n choose nk tends to 2 raised to n times the binary form of this quantity for n. One form of it is bounded above in Fano's inequality. This value for the input distribution determines the maximal efficiency of a randomness extractor. This quantity bounds the optimal code length in the source coding theorem. 1 minus the binary form of this quantity gives a binary symmetric channel's capacity, up to which reliable transmission is possible by the (*) noisy-channel theorem. Given a discrete random variable X, taking negative 1 times the sum over all i of pilog of pi, where pi is the probability X equals i, gives this quantity. For 10 points, name this measure of information content or randomness that comes in a Shannon form.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 281 ], [ 282, 356 ], [ 357, 522 ], [ 523, 678 ], [ 679, 778 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Poland", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One composer from this country wrote a piece whose opening Intrada movement contains a pedal F sharp throughout; that work was a Concerto for Orchestra.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poland", "proto_id": "5476a23cea23cca905512267", "qanta_id": 46312, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One composer from this country wrote a piece whose opening Intrada movement contains a pedal F sharp throughout; that work was a Concerto for Orchestra. Another composer from this country wrote a massive choral work that begins with an \"O Crux\" movement and utilizes the B-A-C-H motif. That composer of the St. Luke Passion also used the technique of tone clusters in a piece written for exactly (*) 52 strings, his Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima. A nineteenth century composer from this country included a B flat minor funeral march in his second piano sonata, and wrote many other piano works, such as his 57 mazurkas. For 10 points, name this home country of Witold Lutoslawski, Krzysztof Penderecki, and Frederic Chopin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 285 ], [ 286, 454 ], [ 455, 627 ], [ 628, 731 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Samuel Osborne Barber II", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A 5/8 ostinato ends this man's piano concerto commissioned for the centenary of the founding of G. Schirmer Inc.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Barber", "proto_id": "5476a23dea23cca90551227a", "qanta_id": 46331, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "A 5/8 ostinato ends this man's piano concerto commissioned for the centenary of the founding of G. Schirmer Inc. Iso Briselli refused to play this composer's violin concerto due to the difficulty of its perpetuo moto third movement. Another work by this man features an abrupt transition after the text \"one is my father who is good to me,\" which is thought to reference the composer's badly ill father at the time. This composer orchestrated a short prose piece by (*) James Agee in his Knoxville: Summer of 1915 and arranged his most famous work from the second movement of his String Quartet, Opus 11; that work was broadcast over the TV at the announcement of JFK's death. For 10 points, name this American composer of the Adagio for Strings.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 232 ], [ 233, 415 ], [ 416, 676 ], [ 677, 746 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "water [or H2O; or XYZ before mention; prompt to be less specific than river; accept clouds in the first sentence, even though that's a bit of a misreading of Lewis's argument]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "David Lewis used this substance to illustrate the problem of the many.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Water", "proto_id": "5476a23eea23cca905512287", "qanta_id": 46344, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "David Lewis used this substance to illustrate the problem of the many. According to Jean Buridan, Socrates expressed a preference for this substance when Plato warned him what would happen if the next thing he said was a lie. In \"Of Miracles,\" Hume presents an Indian prince who was incredulous after seeing the transformation of this substance. A character named \"Oscar\" describes this substance differently than his (*) counterpart, who uses it to refer to XYZ, in the \"twin earth\" experiment proposed by Hilary Putnam. Because of a change in this substance, Heraclitus said of a certain source of it that no man steps in it twice. For 10 points, name this substance which Thales held as the basis of the Earth, privileging it over earth, air, and fire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 225 ], [ 226, 345 ], [ 346, 521 ], [ 522, 633 ], [ 634, 755 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Naipaul} [Shiva (Shivadhar Srinivasa) and V.S. (Vidia, or Vidiadhar Surajprasad)]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One man with this surname was the subject of a widely-criticized Paul Theroux biography titled for his \"shadow.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "V._S._Naipaul", "proto_id": "5476a23eea23cca90551229a", "qanta_id": 46363, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One man with this surname was the subject of a widely-criticized Paul Theroux biography titled for his \"shadow.\" Another author with this surname described Baby's ostracism from her rich family after marrying the bus driver Ram Lutchman in Fireflies. One author with this surname wrote a novel in which Zabeth sends his son to a school run by the mask-collecting priest (*) Father Huismans. while \"the Big Man\" forces Salim to leave his store in the title location. In another novel by that author with this surname, the protagonist becomes a journalist after marrying into the oppressive Tulsi family. For 10 points, give the surname shared by these Trinidadian brothers, the older of whom wrote A Bend in the River and A House for Mr. Biswas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 250 ], [ 251, 371 ], [ 371, 390 ], [ 391, 465 ], [ 466, 602 ], [ 603, 744 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Mexico", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The novel Nothing. No One. takes place during the aftermath of a devastating earthquake in this country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "5476a23fea23cca9055122b2", "qanta_id": 46387, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The novel Nothing. No One. takes place during the aftermath of a devastating earthquake in this country. In a poem set in this country, the \"red walls\" of the title location turn black. In one novel set during a violent time in this nation's history, Demetrio is murdered in a canyon by a group of Federal Soldiers. A promise to meet the title figure in Comala begins the journey taken by Juan Preciado in one novel from this native country of Elena Poniatowska and (*) Mariano Azuela. One poem from this nation, where Pedro P\u00e1ramo is set, describes \"a crystal willow\" and \"a poplar of water,\" and has one line for each day of the Aztec calendar. For 10 points, name this home country of the poet of The Sunstone, Octavio Paz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 185 ], [ 186, 315 ], [ 316, 485 ], [ 486, 646 ], [ 647, 726 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "William Blake", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted a bearded king crawling on the floor of a cave with talon-like toenails in his picture of Nebuchadnezzar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Blake", "proto_id": "5476a240ea23cca9055122b3", "qanta_id": 46388, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist depicted a bearded king crawling on the floor of a cave with talon-like toenails in his picture of Nebuchadnezzar. In one of his pictures, dying men writhe on a woven mat on the floor while Death floats above them. In one of this artist's paintings, the title creature stands on a star-studded stage with curtains and extends its tongue towards a bowl of blood in its left hand. The (*) House of Death is an illustration this artist of The Ghost of a Flea made of scenes from Paradise Lost. His most famous illustration shows the bearded title figure leaning out of the sun among the clouds and holding a compass. For 10 points, name this English Romantic who depicted Urizen in The Ancient of Days and illustrated his own The Marriage of Heaven and Hell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 226 ], [ 227, 390 ], [ 391, 502 ], [ 503, 625 ], [ 626, 767 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Trial [or Der Prozess]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel unsuccessfully begs a man not to whip two officials who were being punished as a result of his actions, and comes back to find them still being whipped the next day.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Trial", "proto_id": "5476a240ea23cca9055122c6", "qanta_id": 46407, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "The protagonist of this novel unsuccessfully begs a man not to whip two officials who were being punished as a result of his actions, and comes back to find them still being whipped the next day. The protagonist of this novel attracts a washerwoman who offers to help him. This novel's central character studies Italian to prepare for a tourist he meets in a cathedral, where he is told a (*) parable of a man \"Before the Law.\" At the end of this novel, he encounters two men in his apartment, who take him away to a quarry and kill him with a butcher knife, and he dies \"like a dog.\" For 10 points, name this novel by Franz Kafka in which Joseph K. is inextricably involved in an incomprehensible legal proceeding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 272 ], [ 273, 427 ], [ 428, 584 ], [ 585, 715 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "ribosome", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A mutation in one component of this structure results in Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond Syndrome, a major cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in children.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ribosome", "proto_id": "5476a240ea23cca9055122c8", "qanta_id": 46409, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "A mutation in one component of this structure results in Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond Syndrome, a major cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in children. An important molecule that interacts with this structure is mimicked by this structure's namesake \"recycling factor.\" This structure recognizes either the Kozak or (*) Shine-Dalgarno sequences. Different parts of this structure are named for their rates of sedimentation, measured in Svedberg units. This organelle contains the A, P, and E binding sites and is synthesized in the nucleolus. Found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm, this organelle starts at methionine and stops at a stop codon. For 10 points, name this organelle which interacts with tRNA during translation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 272 ], [ 272, 273 ], [ 274, 349 ], [ 350, 455 ], [ 456, 546 ], [ 547, 665 ], [ 666, 746 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "William Butler Yeats", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Responding to \"Dover Beach,\" this author wrote \"There's keen delight in what we have: The rattle of pebbles on the shore under the receding wave\" in his poem \"The Nineteenth Century and After.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "W._B._Yeats", "proto_id": "5476a241ea23cca9055122db", "qanta_id": 46428, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "Responding to \"Dover Beach,\" this author wrote \"There's keen delight in what we have: The rattle of pebbles on the shore under the receding wave\" in his poem \"The Nineteenth Century and After.\" This author wrote a series of poems about a woman whose \"breasts are flat and fallen now\" according to a Bishop encountered on the road who states that \"Love has pitched his mansion in/The place of excrement.\" This author of the (*) Crazy Jane poems described a group of animals that \"paddle in the cold\" in one poem, and stated that \"All changed, changed utterly/A terrible beauty is born\" in a poem about a political uprising. For 10 points, name this Irish poet of \"Easter 1916\" who declared \"This is no country for old men\" in \"Sailing to Byzantium.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 402 ], [ 402, 403 ], [ 404, 622 ], [ 623, 748 ] ], "tournament": "WIT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Socialist Republic of Vietnam [or SRV; or Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The rule of a dynasty in this modern-day country was interrupted for more than sixty years by a revolt started by the Mac family.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vietnam", "proto_id": "5476a249ea23cca90551237d", "qanta_id": 46590, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The rule of a dynasty in this modern-day country was interrupted for more than sixty years by a revolt started by the Mac family. Christoforo Borri observed the dynamic in this country between two rival ruling families, which both agreed to a 100-year truce in 1673. Both of those families in this country were defeated a little over a century later in a rebellion started by three brothers. The Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes developed this country's Latin-based script. A dynasty in this country was ended by the Tay Son rebellion. During China's Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan defeated an uprising in this country led by the Trung sisters. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian country where Bao Dai served as the final emperor of the French-supported Nguyen Dynasty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 266 ], [ 267, 391 ], [ 392, 478 ], [ 479, 540 ], [ 541, 639 ], [ 640, 770 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "phosphorus [or P]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The bite angle and the cone angle are usually defined for metals bonded to this element.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Phosphorus", "proto_id": "5476a249ea23cca90551237e", "qanta_id": 46591, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The bite angle and the cone angle are usually defined for metals bonded to this element. An atom of this element attacks the azo functionality of DEAD in a substitution reaction of alcohols. Rhodium bonds to three atoms of this element in Wilkinson's catalyst. The most common dative ligands for cross-coupling reactions have this element bonded to palladium. In another reaction, this element displaces a halide to form a quaternary, positively-charged center, which is subsequently deprotonated at the alpha carbon. The strong bond this element forms to oxygen leads to the formation of alkenes from carbonyls in the Wittig reaction. It is usually substituted with three phenyl groups as a ligand. For 10 points, name this element located directly below nitrogen on the Periodic Table.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 190 ], [ 191, 260 ], [ 261, 359 ], [ 360, 517 ], [ 518, 635 ], [ 636, 699 ], [ 700, 787 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Spain [or Reino de Espa\u00f1a]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In John Irving's In One Person, Elaine asks if the name of this country is a type of blowjob, and Billy meets his father at a gay nightclub in this country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "5476a249ea23cca905512386", "qanta_id": 46599, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "In John Irving's In One Person, Elaine asks if the name of this country is a type of blowjob, and Billy meets his father at a gay nightclub in this country. In a non-fiction book, Richard Wright argued that this country is too pagan to be Catholic. An author from this country wrote a novella about a priest who loses his faith but keeps up appearances for his parishioners, and updated the Cain and Abel story in his novel Abel S\u00e1nchez. An author who claimed that this country's people \"have an interest in death\" wrote a novel set here that ends with the line, \"Isn't it pretty to think so?\" In that novel, the impotent protagonist fights with the boxer Robert Cohn when he has an affair with Lady Brett Ashley. For 10 points, name this setting of Death in the Afternoon and The Sun Also Rises.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 248 ], [ 249, 437 ], [ 438, 593 ], [ 594, 713 ], [ 714, 772 ], [ 773, 796 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet described a \"soft floating witchery of sound\" in one poem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge", "proto_id": "5476a24bea23cca9055123af", "qanta_id": 46640, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This poet described a \"soft floating witchery of sound\" in one poem. The speaker of another poem by this author asks \"Is the night chilly and dark?\" before answering \"The night is chilly, but not dark.\" The speaker of one of his poems describes \"viper thoughts, that coil around my mind\" and references the \"grand old ballad of Patrick Spence.\" Another of his poems proclaims \"No sound is dissonant which tells of life.\" This poet of \"This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison\" and \"The Eolian Harp\" is best known for a work whose title character orders a structure to be built alongside the river Alph. For 10 points, name this poet of \"Dejection: An Ode\" and Christabel, who described a character building a \"stately pleasure dome\" in Xanadu in his unfinished \"Kubla Khan.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 202 ], [ 203, 344 ], [ 345, 420 ], [ 421, 592 ], [ 593, 764 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The Ambassadors", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel gives a lengthy speech in Gloriani's garden exhorting another character to \"Live all you can; it's a mistake not to.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Ambassadors", "proto_id": "5476a24cea23cca9055123cd", "qanta_id": 46669, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "The protagonist of this novel gives a lengthy speech in Gloriani's garden exhorting another character to \"Live all you can; it's a mistake not to.\" The protagonist of this novel travels with a former lawyer from Connecticut who courts Miss Barrace. An artist in this novel goes by both the name Little Bilham because of his diminutive size. Other characters in this novel include the beautiful Mamie Pocock and the curmudgeonly Waymarsh. This novel is about a man from Massachusetts who spurns Maria Gostrey to return to America. Its protagonist meets Madame de Vionnet after being sent on a mission to retrieve Chad Newsome from Paris. For 10 points, name this novel about Lambert Strether by Henry James.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 146, 248 ], [ 249, 340 ], [ 341, 437 ], [ 438, 529 ], [ 530, 636 ], [ 637, 706 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "William Butler Yeats", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A poem by this author remembers a man who \"loved his learning better than mankind\" named Lionel Johnson.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "W._B._Yeats", "proto_id": "5476a24eea23cca9055123ef", "qanta_id": 46703, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "A poem by this author remembers a man who \"loved his learning better than mankind\" named Lionel Johnson. This author of \"In Memory of Major Robert Gregory\" tells the reader to \"take down this book, and slowly read, and dream of the soft look your eyes had once\" in the poem \"When You Are Old.\" In another poem, he laments that he can \"but enumerate old themes\" and resolves to lie down in \"the foul rag and bone shop of the heart.\" In another poem by this author, the speaker observes \"nine-and-fifty\" of the title birds swimming. This poet of \"The Circus Animals' Desertion\" also wrote a poem in which a \"rough beast \u0085 slouches towards Bethlehem to be born.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"The Wild Swans at Coole\" and \"The Second Coming.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 292 ], [ 292, 431 ], [ 432, 530 ], [ 531, 658 ], [ 658, 743 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Queen Elizabeth I of England", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Hans Eworth painted a version of the Judgment of Paris in which Paris is replaced by this person.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Elizabeth_I_of_England", "proto_id": "5476a24eea23cca9055123f3", "qanta_id": 46707, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "Hans Eworth painted a version of the Judgment of Paris in which Paris is replaced by this person. In a portrait of this person, there is a sharp contrast between the stormy skies in the top right and the sunny skies in the top left; that painting is by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger. In another painting, this person's hand sits on a globe and a pair of green curtains in the background frame two scenes of naval battles. This person is the subject of the Ditchley Portrait. Two panel portraits of this person attributed to Nicholas Hilliard show her wearing her emblems, the pelican and the phoenix. One of her country's military victories inspired the allegorical Armada Portrait of her. For 10 points, name this \"Virgin Queen\" of England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 283 ], [ 284, 421 ], [ 422, 474 ], [ 475, 600 ], [ 601, 689 ], [ 690, 741 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Gustave Flaubert", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a short story by this author, the title character kills his parents, who are sleeping in his bed, because he thinks it is his wife sleeping with another man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustave_Flaubert", "proto_id": "5476a24eea23cca9055123f8", "qanta_id": 46712, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "In a short story by this author, the title character kills his parents, who are sleeping in his bed, because he thinks it is his wife sleeping with another man. In that short story, the title character later helps a leper cross a river before being taken to heaven. He wrote a novel in which a deadly veil called the Zaimph is stolen by the mercenary leader Matho and recovered by the title character, whose father is Hamilcar Barca. This author of \"The Legend of Saint Julian the Hospitaller\" is best known for a novel whose title character attends a performance of Lucia di Lammermoor where she meets L\u00e9on Dupuis, with whom she has an affair despite being married to the doctor Charles. For 10 points, name this author of Salammbo and Madame Bovary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 265 ], [ 266, 433 ], [ 434, 688 ], [ 689, 751 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Egypt [or Aegyptus; prompt on answers such as \"Pharos\" or the \"Nile Delta\"; do not prompt on \\\"Africa\\\" or \"Libya\" or \"Ethiopia\" at any point]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This region was home to the author of the 48-book Dionysiaca, the last epic written in Ancient Greek.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "5476a250ea23cca905512433", "qanta_id": 46770, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This region was home to the author of the 48-book Dionysiaca, the last epic written in Ancient Greek. A mythical king of this place sacrificed foreign travelers to avert famine until Heracles broke from chains and killed him. In this home of Nonnus and the mythical Busiris, the gods turned into animals while fleeing from Typhon. Hypermnestra refused to kill a suitor from this place, which was once ruled by Epaphus, the son of Io. This place, named for a king who had forty-nine of his fifty sons murdered by the Danaids, included temples to the syncretic god Serapis. On his return from Troy, Menelaus wrestled the shape-shifting Proteus in this region before sailing north again. For 10 points, name this region containing Pharos, where ethnic Greeks syncretized Typhon with Set and learned about Isis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 225 ], [ 226, 330 ], [ 331, 433 ], [ 434, 571 ], [ 572, 684 ], [ 685, 807 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "trumpet", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A 2003 album named for this instrument's \"evolution\" contains nineteen tracks each in the style of a different master of it and was recorded by Arturo Sandoval.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trumpet", "proto_id": "5476a255ea23cca90551249b", "qanta_id": 46874, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "A 2003 album named for this instrument's \"evolution\" contains nineteen tracks each in the style of a different master of it and was recorded by Arturo Sandoval. Another player of this instrument became the subject of Benny Golson's \"I Remember Clifford\" after dying in a car crash at the age of 25. It is also played by the Lincoln Center jazz director who composed the jazz oratorio Blood on the Fields. This instrument of Clifford Brown and Wynton Marsalis was played by a bandleader whose hits \"Salt Peanuts\" and \"A Night in Tunisa\" led him to be considered a cofounder of the bebop style along with saxophonist Charlie Parker. For 10 points, Dizzy Gillespie played a \"bent\" version of what instrument which was also played by Louis Armstrong?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 298 ], [ 299, 404 ], [ 405, 630 ], [ 631, 746 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Georg Frideric Handel", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one vocal work by this composer, a rage aria for bass suddenly breaks off after three bars of what seemed to be its middle section, as a two-octave descending scale for strings depicts the singer hurling his spear.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "proto_id": "5476a257ea23cca9055124c4", "qanta_id": 46915, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In one vocal work by this composer, a rage aria for bass suddenly breaks off after three bars of what seemed to be its middle section, as a two-octave descending scale for strings depicts the singer hurling his spear. Dotted-rhythm figures in E-flat major are exchanged between the violin sections to depict the leaping of the title animals in this composer's alto aria, \"Their land brought forth frogs\". Two obbligato flutes join the violins in imitating birds in a G-major chorus by him called \"May no rash intruder\", which is also known as the (*) \"Nightingale Chorus\", and which appears in a work by him whose third act opens with a sinfonia called \"The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba\". This composer, who included a \"Dead March\" in his oratorio Saul, wrote a work that includes a chorus that repeats \"and he shall reign for ever and ever\". For 10 points, name this composer of the oratorios Israel in Egypt, Solomon, and Messiah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 404 ], [ 405, 689 ], [ 690, 843 ], [ 844, 933 ] ], "tournament": "Cane Ridge Revival", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia [or ye-\u012aty\u014d\u1e57\u1e57y\u0101 F\u0113d\u0113ral\u0101w\u012b D\u012bm\u014dkr\u0101s\u012by\u0101w\u012b R\u012bpebl\u012bk]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The Nine Saints were a group of missionaries in this country, which is home to the Garima gospels.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethiopia", "proto_id": "5476a259ea23cca9055124f9", "qanta_id": 46968, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The Nine Saints were a group of missionaries in this country, which is home to the Garima gospels. The official Bible of this country's largest church contains three books about non-Hasmonean Maccabees, as well as the Book of Jubilees and the Book of the Covenant. A religion with priests called kahen is originally from this country, in which itinerant religious figures who perform white magic and exorcisms are known as debteras. This country is home to the church of Our Lady Mary of Zion, which claims to contain the the (*) Ark of the Covenant. Frumentius was the first to evangelize in this country, which is the home of the Beta Israel community. The official name of this country's Orthodox Church contains the word Tewahedo, a word from its liturgical language of Ge'ez. For 10 points, name this country, where the Kingdom of Axum became one of the first officially Christian polities.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 264 ], [ 265, 432 ], [ 433, 550 ], [ 551, 654 ], [ 655, 780 ], [ 781, 895 ] ], "tournament": "Cane Ridge Revival", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "entropy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A covariant bound on this quantity proposed by Raphael Bousso is defined in terms of this quantity's value on light-like hypersurfaces chosen so that the generating null geodesics have non-positive expansion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "5476a25aea23cca90551250a", "qanta_id": 46985, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "A covariant bound on this quantity proposed by Raphael Bousso is defined in terms of this quantity's value on light-like hypersurfaces chosen so that the generating null geodesics have non-positive expansion. One argument against white holes' existence in our universe is the significantly lower value for this quantity they have than their black counterparts. The maximum value for this quantity in a region of radius R is equal to 2pi R times Boltzmann's constant times energy enclosed divided by h-bar times c, according to a bound put forth by Jacob (*) Bekenstein. The equality case in the Bekenstein bound is achieved by black holes, for which this quantity is proportional to area, as suggested by the observation that event horizons generally only grow in size. For 10 points, identify this quantity whose non-decrease is the subject of the second law of thermodynamics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 208 ], [ 209, 360 ], [ 361, 569 ], [ 570, 769 ], [ 770, 878 ] ], "tournament": "Cane Ridge Revival", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "prime numbers [or primality]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Vinogradov's theorem established a very large lower bound on a statement about an operation involving these objects, which Harald Helfgott recently claimed to have reduced drastically.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prime_number", "proto_id": "5476a25aea23cca90551250f", "qanta_id": 46990, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "Vinogradov's theorem established a very large lower bound on a statement about an operation involving these objects, which Harald Helfgott recently claimed to have reduced drastically. Euler proved that the sum of reciprocals of them less than n grows roughly as the log of log of n. Legendre's conjecture asserts that one of these objects always exists in a certain range. If for all numbers a less than n, a to the power of n minus one equals 1 modulo n, then n is either a (*) Carmichael number or a number with this property, as a result of Fermat's Little Theorem. A function counting these numbers grows as x over natural log of x, according to a result due in part to Hadamard. Ben Green and Terence Tao proved that there are arbitrarily long arithmetic sequences in which each term has this property. For 10 points, identify these numbers which have precisely two divisors: one and themselves.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 373 ], [ 374, 569 ], [ 570, 684 ], [ 685, 808 ], [ 809, 901 ] ], "tournament": "Cane Ridge Revival", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Constantine the Great [or Constantine I; accept Saint Constantine; prompt on \"Constantine\"] and Maxentius [or Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "While commanding the army of one of these rulers, Ruricius Pompeianus was killed fighting the army of the other.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantine_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476a264ea23cca9055125f3", "qanta_id": 47218, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classic", "text": "While commanding the army of one of these rulers, Ruricius Pompeianus was killed fighting the army of the other. The elder of them married the other's sister and later killed her by having her suffocated in an overheated bath. In a conflict, one of these rulers crossed the Cottian Alps and attacked Segusium when moving against the other. During the war between these two rulers, one offered his sister to Licinius to form an alliance before embarking on a campaign that captured Verona. The largest building in the Roman Forum is a basilica named for these two rulers. After one of them drowned in a chaotic retreat across the Tiber River, the other sent his head to Carthage as proof that he had died. Before one of these men defeated the other, he saw a vision with the words \"in hoc signo vinces\" appearing next to a cross of light. For 10 points, name these rival emperors of the tetrarchy who squared off at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 226 ], [ 227, 339 ], [ 340, 488 ], [ 489, 570 ], [ 571, 704 ], [ 705, 837 ], [ 838, 948 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "John Keats", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The speaker of one poem by this author calls the title feeling \u00e2\u0080\u009cthe blissful cloud of summer\u00e2\u0080\u009d and states that \u00e2\u0080\u009cmy sleep had been embroider\u00e2\u0080\u0099d with dim dreams.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Another poem by this author calls \u00e2\u0080\u009cye clouds of Albion Begetters of our deep eternal theme,\u00e2\u0080\u009d and features a speaker who declares \u00e2\u0080\u009cbetwixt damnation and impassion\u00e2\u0080\u0099d clay must I burn through.\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Keats", "proto_id": "5476a267ea23cca905512634", "qanta_id": 47283, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "The speaker of one poem by this author calls the title feeling \u00e2\u0080\u009cthe blissful cloud of summer\u00e2\u0080\u009d and states that \u00e2\u0080\u009cmy sleep had been embroider\u00e2\u0080\u0099d with dim dreams.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Another poem by this author calls \u00e2\u0080\u009cye clouds of Albion Begetters of our deep eternal theme,\u00e2\u0080\u009d and features a speaker who declares \u00e2\u0080\u009cbetwixt damnation and impassion\u00e2\u0080\u0099d clay must I burn through.\u00e2\u0080\u009d The first poem by this man ends \u00e2\u0080\u009cvanish, ye phantoms! from my idle springs, into the clouds, and never more return!\u00e2\u0080\u009d The second poem by this writer recalls the pleasures of reading a \u00e2\u0080\u009cgolden-tongued romance with serene lute\u00e2\u0080\u009d and ends with the speaker demanding \u00e2\u0080\u009cbut when I am consumed in the fire, give me new phoenix wings to fly at my desire.\u00e2\u0080\u009d He described three temptresses named Ambition, Love, and Poesy in an 1819 poem that is addressed to the feeling of laziness. For 10 points, name this author of \u00e2\u0080\u009cOn Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Again\u00e2\u0080\u009d and \u00e2\u0080\u009cOde On Indolence,\u00e2\u0080\u009d who also wrote \u00e2\u0080\u009cOn First Looking into Chapman\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Homer.\u00e2\u0080\u009d", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 369 ], [ 370, 425 ], [ 426, 490 ], [ 491, 727 ], [ 728, 852 ], [ 853, 924 ], [ 925, 1028 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Jean-Paul [Charles Aymard] Sartre", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The claim that this man \u00e2\u0080\u009cfanned the flames\u00e2\u0080\u009d by writing that \u00e2\u0080\u009cwe have certainly sown the wind; they are the whirlwind\u00e2\u0080\u009d appears in Homi Bhabha\u00e2\u0080\u0099s essay on \u00e2\u0080\u009cframing\u00e2\u0080\u009d another author.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Paul_Sartre", "proto_id": "5476a267ea23cca90551263d", "qanta_id": 47292, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The claim that this man \u00e2\u0080\u009cfanned the flames\u00e2\u0080\u009d by writing that \u00e2\u0080\u009cwe have certainly sown the wind; they are the whirlwind\u00e2\u0080\u009d appears in Homi Bhabha\u00e2\u0080\u0099s essay on \u00e2\u0080\u009cframing\u00e2\u0080\u009d another author. This man referenced two Frenchmen saying to each other that \u00e2\u0080\u009cthe country is done for...unless\u00e2\u0080\u009d and claimed that shooting a European was \u00e2\u0080\u009ckill[ing] two birds with one stone.\u00e2\u0080\u009d He recalled how, at first, people marveled that \u00e2\u0080\u009cthey are able to talk for themselves\u00e2\u0080\u009d when they heard \u00e2\u0080\u009cpolite statements of resentment\u00e2\u0080\u009d by \u00e2\u0080\u009cyellow and black voices.\u00e2\u0080\u009d He wrote an essay that begins by noting that, not so long ago, the world \u00e2\u0080\u009cnumbered 2 billion inhabitants:\u00e2\u0080\u009d 500 million men who \u00e2\u0080\u009chad the word,\u00e2\u0080\u009d and 1.5 billion \u00e2\u0080\u009cnatives\u00e2\u0080\u009d who \u00e2\u0080\u009chad the use of it.\u00e2\u0080\u009d This author of Colonialism and Neocolonialism urged the French left to support Algerian independence at the end of an essay encouraging Europeans to read the \u00e2\u0080\u009cOn Violence\u00e2\u0080\u009d section of the book that followed. For 10 points, name this author of a preface to Frantz Fanon\u00e2\u0080\u0099s The Wretched of the Earth.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 281 ], [ 281, 373 ], [ 374, 552 ], [ 553, 762 ], [ 763, 973 ], [ 974, 1038 ], [ 1039, 1065 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Ethiopia [or Aethiopis; prompt on \"Africa\" before \"Africa\"]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Isidore of Seville claimed that this region is inhabited by sciopodes, which are humans who only have one foot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethiopia", "proto_id": "5476a26aea23cca905512676", "qanta_id": 47349, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "Isidore of Seville claimed that this region is inhabited by sciopodes, which are humans who only have one foot. A story states that Apollonius of Tyana travelled to this region's capital and saved its inhabitants from a phantom satyr who had been terrorizing the city. Pliny the Elder's Natural History describes an animal from this region that has a deadly gaze, but has a head so incredibly heavy that it is unable to look at anything other than the ground. This region home to the catoblepas was also home to a warrior whose blood is used to create a huge river that annually reeks of human flesh when it flows. Poseidon sent a sea monster named Cetus who terrorized a ruler of this kingdom named Cepheus. A group of warriors that turned into birds were present at the funeral of a son of Eos who served as king of this region and was slain in the Trojan War. For 10 points, name this portion of Africa that was ruled by Memnon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 268 ], [ 269, 459 ], [ 460, 614 ], [ 615, 708 ], [ 709, 862 ], [ 863, 931 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Aztecs [prompt on Nahuatl mythology]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This culture believed that warriors who spent four years inhabiting its paradise were eventually transformed into butterflies that could go between heaven and earth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aztec", "proto_id": "5476a26bea23cca90551268e", "qanta_id": 47373, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This culture believed that warriors who spent four years inhabiting its paradise were eventually transformed into butterflies that could go between heaven and earth. One story states that 1,600 gods in this myth system were born from a knife thrown from heaven to the earth. This culture's demiurge- like creator gave humanity the ability to doubt things and is a god of duality that resides in the thirteenth and most spectacular of its heavens. Its underworld was home to a mystic lizard that symbolized the earth and inhabits a place called \"where the flags wave.\" Dead souls must journey for four years to reach this culture's lowest level of the underworld, which is the burial site for bones used by one of its gods to create humanity. Another of its afterlifes is ruled over by a namesake rain deity and is called Tlalocan. For 10 points, name this culture whose primary underworld is known as Mictlan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 274 ], [ 275, 446 ], [ 447, 566 ], [ 566, 567 ], [ 568, 741 ], [ 742, 830 ], [ 831, 909 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Chinua Achebe [or Albert Chinualumogu Achebe]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a short story in which Jonathan is robbed of twenty pounds, but disregards it because \"Nothing Puzzles God.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chinua_Achebe", "proto_id": "5476a277ea23cca9055127a6", "qanta_id": 47653, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This author wrote a short story in which Jonathan is robbed of twenty pounds, but disregards it because \"Nothing Puzzles God.\" In addition to Civil Peace, this author wrote a work in which the protagonist befriends Joseph and convinces Clara Okeke to undergo an abortion. In the prequel to that work, a family is exiled for seven years after a gun explosion kills (*) Ezeudo's son. The most famous novel of this author of No Longer at Ease features a character who hangs himself after killing Ikemefuna to avoid trial by Christian missionaries. For ten points, name this Nigerian author who wrote about Okonkwo in Things Fall Apart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 271 ], [ 272, 381 ], [ 382, 544 ], [ 545, 632 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "the Sun [accept Sol]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The tachocline layer of this body experiences high shear that may be responsible for forming strong magnetic fields, and data from this entity is collected by the SOHO spacecraft.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sun", "proto_id": "5476a277ea23cca9055127ab", "qanta_id": 47658, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "The tachocline layer of this body experiences high shear that may be responsible for forming strong magnetic fields, and data from this entity is collected by the SOHO spacecraft. This object contains features that cycle according to Sporer's law, and those features were notably rare during the (*) Maunder Minimum. This body contains a boundary known as the termination shock and produces mass ejections from its corona. Comet tails point away from this object due to its emission of high energy plasma, which forms the shape of Earth's magnetosphere and is responsible for auroras. For ten points, identify this star in the center of our solar system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 316 ], [ 317, 422 ], [ 423, 584 ], [ 585, 654 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Edward Morgan {Forster}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel in which the hypnotist Lasker Jones offers advice about same-sex marriage to the protagonist after he spends a night with Alec Scudder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._M._Forster", "proto_id": "5476a278ea23cca9055127bd", "qanta_id": 47676, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This author wrote a novel in which the hypnotist Lasker Jones offers advice about same-sex marriage to the protagonist after he spends a night with Alec Scudder. In another work by this author, Charles is sentenced to three years in jail after a falling bookcase kills Leonard Bast. In a third novel by this man, Mrs. Moore is unable to continue exploring the (*) Marabar Caves after receiving an invitation from Fielding's tea party. In that work, Ronny Heaslop decides not to marry Adela Quested after she drops her charges of sexual assault against Dr. Aziz. For ten points, identify this English author of Maurice, Howard's End and A Passage to India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 282 ], [ 283, 434 ], [ 435, 561 ], [ 562, 655 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Perseus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man killed Agenor and his army of two hundred when they attempted to stop his wedding.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "5476a278ea23cca9055127bf", "qanta_id": 47678, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This man killed Agenor and his army of two hundred when they attempted to stop his wedding. He was raised by the fisherman Dictys, whom he made ruler of the island of Seriphus. While participating in some funeral games, this man accidentally struck and killed his grandfather Acrisius with a discus. (*) Polydectes, in an attempt to marry his mother Danae, sent this man on a quest, during which he received a magic wallet from Hermes, a helm of invisibility from Hades, and a reflective shield from Athena. After killing a mortal sister of Stheno and Euryale, this man married the princess Andromeda. For ten points, name this Greek hero who slew the Gorgon Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 176 ], [ 177, 299 ], [ 300, 507 ], [ 508, 601 ], [ 602, 666 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "James Monroe", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While Governor of Virginia, this man suppressed Gabriel Prosser's rebellion, and later he helped Robert Livingston negotiate the Louisiana Purchase.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Monroe", "proto_id": "5476a279ea23cca9055127cc", "qanta_id": 47691, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "While Governor of Virginia, this man suppressed Gabriel Prosser's rebellion, and later he helped Robert Livingston negotiate the Louisiana Purchase. After the Spanish foreign minister Luis de Onis and his Secretary of State John Quincy Adams signed a treaty, this president acquired Florida. His nearly (*) unanimous election in 1820 was indicative of the \"Era of Good Feelings\" during his term. The Clark Memorandum and Roosevelt Corollary were additions to one policy promulgated by this man. James Madison was succeeded by, for ten points, what president, who issued a doctrine prohibiting European nations from interfering in Latin America?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 291 ], [ 292, 395 ], [ 396, 494 ], [ 495, 644 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Texas", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This state's medical board revoked the medical license of Christopher Duntsch after he killed or paralyzed six patients.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Texas", "proto_id": "5476a279ea23cca9055127d0", "qanta_id": 47695, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This state's medical board revoked the medical license of Christopher Duntsch after he killed or paralyzed six patients. In April 2013, this state's town of West suffered an explosion at an ammonium nitrate fertilizer plant. This state's current governor won a primary election against Kay Bailey Hutchison and a gubernatorial election against (*) Bill White in 2010. He also called a special session on July 1, 2013 to pass an abortion bill that was earlier filibustered by Wendy Davis. For ten points, name this state home to Ron Paul and Ted Cruz, which is currently governed by Rick Perry.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 224 ], [ 225, 367 ], [ 368, 487 ], [ 488, 593 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "diffraction [accept x-ray scattering before \"ratio\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The intensity of this process for electrons is proportional to the structure factor squared, and one parameter for this phenomenon measures the ratio of aperture size squared to the product of distance and wavelength.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffraction", "proto_id": "5476a279ea23cca9055127dc", "qanta_id": 47707, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The intensity of this process for electrons is proportional to the structure factor squared, and one parameter for this phenomenon measures the ratio of aperture size squared to the product of distance and wavelength. Due to this process, every point on a wave front is considered a source of (*) secondary spherical wavelets, and this interaction creates an Airy disk that limits the focusing ability of lenses. Interference caused by this phenomenon creates alternating light and dark bands, which was observed in Young's double-slit experiment. For ten points, identify this phenomenon where waves bend around an obstacle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 412 ], [ 413, 547 ], [ 548, 625 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Philadelphia [prompt on \\\"Philly\\\" and \\\"City of Brotherly Love\\\" before mention]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In 1969, Richard Nixon implemented a plan named after this city that mandated federal employment quotas for minorities.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philadelphia", "proto_id": "5476a27aea23cca9055127e1", "qanta_id": 47712, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In 1969, Richard Nixon implemented a plan named after this city that mandated federal employment quotas for minorities. The Paxton Boys marched in this city to protest the government's policy towards Native Americans. Ten percent of this city's residents died in a 1793 yellow fever epidemic. During the First Barbary War, a (*) ship named after this city was burned by Stephen Decatur. This site of the First Bank of the United States also housed the Second Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, both of which met in this city's Independence Hall. For ten points, name this \"City of Brotherly Love\" that is now the largest city in Pennsylvania.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 217 ], [ 218, 292 ], [ 293, 386 ], [ 387, 566 ], [ 567, 663 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "polynomials [accept polynomial equations/functions/expressions]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Galois theory can be applied to the symmetric type of these expressions, which also appear in Vieta's formulas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polynomial", "proto_id": "5476a27aea23cca9055127e7", "qanta_id": 47718, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "Galois theory can be applied to the symmetric type of these expressions, which also appear in Vieta's formulas. Weierstrass's theorem uses these to achieve a uniform approximation, and Cardano's theorem is used to solve a specific type of them. There are no general solutions to these expressions with degree (*) five or higher, and they can be simplified using synthetic division. Functions of this type are all continuous and differentiable, and they have at least one complex root according to the fundamental theorem of algebra. For ten points, identify these algebraic expressions that contain variables raised to a power, such as 2y and 3x plus 1.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 244 ], [ 245, 381 ], [ 382, 532 ], [ 533, 653 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Justinian I [or Justinian the Great]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's generals won the Battle of Tricamarum, thereby forcing Gelimer and the Vandals out of northern Africa; that general later captured the Ostrogothic capital at Ravenna.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Justinian_I", "proto_id": "5476a27bea23cca9055127fc", "qanta_id": 47739, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "One of this man's generals won the Battle of Tricamarum, thereby forcing Gelimer and the Vandals out of northern Africa; that general later captured the Ostrogothic capital at Ravenna. This man ended the inconclusive Iberian War by signing the Eternal Peace with Khosrau I. Tribonian compiled a (*) law code named after this man, whose reign saw Hypatius proclaimed emperor during an uprising at the Hippodrome between rival chariot-racing factions. This subject of Procopius' Secret History used Narses and Belisarius to put down the Nika Riots. For ten points, identify this husband of Theodora and Byzantine emperor who constructed the Hagia Sofia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 449 ], [ 450, 546 ], [ 547, 651 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Pablo Diego Jos\u00e9 Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Mar\u00eda de los Remedios Cipriano de la Sant\u00edsima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted a person and animal completely in white with a green outline on the right side of one of his 58 paintings that reinterpret Las Meninas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Picasso", "proto_id": "5476a27bea23cca905512803", "qanta_id": 47746, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist painted a person and animal completely in white with a green outline on the right side of one of his 58 paintings that reinterpret Las Meninas. In addition to creating a portrait of Gertrude Stein, this artist painted an old bearded man facing downwards and curling around an instrument. A more controversial work from him shows (*) five nude females, two of whom seem to be wearing African masks. This artist of The Old Guitarist depicted a broken sword, an agonized horse, and a light bulb in a representation of the bombing of a Basque village in another work. For ten points, identify this Spanish artist of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon and Guernica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 299 ], [ 300, 409 ], [ 410, 575 ], [ 576, 663 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "centaurs", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These beings pounded the invulnerable warrior Caeneus into the ground when they attacked Pirithous at his wedding.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Centaur", "proto_id": "5476a27bea23cca905512804", "qanta_id": 47747, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "These beings pounded the invulnerable warrior Caeneus into the ground when they attacked Pirithous at his wedding. A particularly intelligent one of these creatures was the son of Cronus and Philyra, though most were the children of Ixion and Nephele. One named Pholus gave Heracles a jar of wine, while another told Deianeira to give Heracles a shirt (*) poisoned with his blood and was named Nessus. A wise and immortal one of these creatures who gave up his immortality and took the place of Prometheus was named Chiron. For ten points, name these creatures which were half horse and half man.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 251 ], [ 252, 401 ], [ 402, 523 ], [ 524, 596 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Saint {Paul} the Apostle [accept {Saul} in place of \"Paul\"]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man stayed in a jail cell with Silas before an earthquake opened the cell doors and saved a jailor from killing himself.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paul_the_Apostle", "proto_id": "5476a27cea23cca90551281d", "qanta_id": 47772, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This man stayed in a jail cell with Silas before an earthquake opened the cell doors and saved a jailor from killing himself. After that incident, this man traveled to Paphos with Barnabas, where he met the false prophet Barjesus. One of his works claims that women should be silent in church and that (*) \"love is patient, love is kind.\" He was under the care of Ananias for three days after an incident in which he was knocked off of his donkey, blinded, and asked \"why do you persecute me?\" For ten points, name this Christian missionary who wrote some epistles to Corinth and was converted on the road to Damascus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 230 ], [ 231, 338 ], [ 339, 493 ], [ 494, 618 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Madame Bovary", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An agricultural fair in this work rewards Catherine for her 54 years of service on a farm.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476a27dea23cca905512831", "qanta_id": 47792, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "An agricultural fair in this work rewards Catherine for her 54 years of service on a farm. One character in this novel betrays a rich widow named Heloise Dubuc from Tostes to marry a woman who later gives birth to Berthe. Monsieur Homais is the pharmacist in the town of (*) Yonville in this work, in which the protagonist lies about taking piano lessons from a law student whom she rediscovers in Rouen, named Leon Dupuis. That character has a four-year affair with Rodolphe Boulanger and swallows arsenic when she cannot repay her debts. For ten points, name this French novel by Gustave Flaubert about the wife of Charles, Emma Rouault.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 221 ], [ 222, 423 ], [ 424, 539 ], [ 540, 639 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Jean Piaget", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Elton Mayo modeled this experimenter's clinical methods for his Hawthorne Experiments.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Piaget", "proto_id": "5476a27dea23cca905512836", "qanta_id": 47796, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "Elton Mayo modeled this experimenter's clinical methods for his Hawthorne Experiments. This man described himself as a genetic epistemologist and analyzed behavioral and operational \"schemata.\" He poured blue liquid into a taller and thinner glass from an identically-sized beaker to demonstrate his idea of (*) quantity conservation. This psychologist's most famous theory describes the development of object permanence during the Sensorimotor stage, which precedes the Preoperational and Concrete Operational stages. For ten points, identify this Swiss psychologist who divided the development of children into four steps.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 193 ], [ 194, 334 ], [ 335, 518 ], [ 519, 624 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The Waste Land", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work notes that \"Dry bones can harm no one\" before a rooster crows, \"Co co rico co co rico\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Waste_Land", "proto_id": "5476a27dea23cca90551283b", "qanta_id": 47801, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This work notes that \"Dry bones can harm no one\" before a rooster crows, \"Co co rico co co rico\". Another section of this work describes a character who \"was once handsome and tall like you\" but is now \"a fortnight dead\", named Phlebas the Phoenician. The phrases \"Unreal city\" and (*) \"HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIME\" repeat in this poem, which features sections like \"What the Thunder Said\" and \"The Burial of the Dead\". This work ends with a triple repetition of the Sanskrit word for peace, \"Shantih, shantih, shantih\". For ten points, identify this 434-line modernist poem written by T.S. Eliot which opens with the line, \"April is the cruellest month\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 251 ], [ 252, 295 ], [ 296, 312 ], [ 312, 417 ], [ 418, 518 ], [ 519, 653 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Mao Zedong", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure advised that if \"the enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue\" in his book On Guerrilla Warfare.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mao_Zedong", "proto_id": "5476a27dea23cca90551283d", "qanta_id": 47803, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This figure advised that if \"the enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue\" in his book On Guerrilla Warfare. This man cracked down on his criticizers in the Anti-Rightist Movement after earlier letting (*) \"a hundred flowers blossom,\" and his attempt to industrialize using backyard steel furnaces caused the greatest man-made famine in history. The Gang of Four was led by this man's wife, who had accompanied him on the Long March and during the civil war against the Kuomintang forces of Chiang Kai-shek. For ten points, identify this communist first leader of the People's Republic of China.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 390 ], [ 391, 552 ], [ 553, 640 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Battle of Hastings", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "According to legend, a man with the surname Truelove was renamed Eyre after saving one man's life in this battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Hastings", "proto_id": "5476a27eea23cca905512843", "qanta_id": 47809, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "According to legend, a man with the surname Truelove was renamed Eyre after saving one man's life in this battle. One side in this battle arrived at Pevensey and feigned retreat after they were unable to break through the shield wall formed by fyrds and (*) housecarls. The leader of the losing side in this battle succeeded Edward the Confessor and had earlier won the Battle of Stamford Bridge, but was later killed by an arrow in the eye as depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry. For ten points, name this 1066 battle in which Harold Godwinson was defeated by a Norman force led by William the Conqueror.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 269 ], [ 270, 476 ], [ 477, 601 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Hungary [accept Hungarian or Magyarorsz\u00e1g]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One composer from this country included the movements, \"With Drums and Pipes\" and \"The Night's Music\" in his work Out of Doors.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "5476a27eea23cca90551284e", "qanta_id": 47820, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One composer from this country included the movements, \"With Drums and Pipes\" and \"The Night's Music\" in his work Out of Doors. A work dedicated to this nation included parts titled \"The Carnival of Pest\" and \"Heroide-Elegiaque.\" Another composer used (*) czardas as a base for his first movement in a collection of 21 compositions titled after this country. Judith discovers the ex-wives of the title character in the seventh door in Duke Bluebeard's Castle, an opera from this country. Bela Bartok is from, for ten points, what country which names a set of dances by Johannes Brahms and a set of nineteen rhapsodies by Franz Liszt?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 229 ], [ 230, 358 ], [ 359, 487 ], [ 488, 633 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Cu Chulainn [or Hound of Culann or equivalents; accept Setanta]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man killed his only son Connla because he refused to identify himself, even though he had told Aife to instruct their son to never reveal his name.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "C\u00fa_Chulainn", "proto_id": "5476a27fea23cca90551285c", "qanta_id": 47834, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This man killed his only son Connla because he refused to identify himself, even though he had told Aife to instruct their son to never reveal his name. This husband of Emer had a charioteer named Laeg, who is killed by the first of Lugaid's spears. This man trained with the warrior-woman Scathatch, after which he received a (*) spear with 49 barbs, which he used to fight Queen Mebd's armies in the Cattle Raid of Cooley. As a youth, he killed a fierce guard dog and earned a new name after agreeing to replace it while a new one could be found. For ten points, name this wielder of the spear Gae Bolg, a hero who appears in Ireland's Ulster Cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 249 ], [ 250, 424 ], [ 425, 548 ], [ 549, 651 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Moses [or Moshe; or Musa]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man defeated the Amalekites by holding his hands up through the duration of the battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moses", "proto_id": "5476a27fea23cca905512860", "qanta_id": 47838, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This man defeated the Amalekites by holding his hands up through the duration of the battle. This figure mounted a brass serpent on a pole to save his followers from snakebites. After this figure struck rock with his staff to create water, he was forbidden from crossing the (*) Jordan River. While living as a shepherd in Midian, this figure married Zipporah and spoke to God through a burning bush. This leader, who was succeeded by Joshua, wrote the Torah and received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai. For ten points, identify this Biblical figure who parted the Red Sea when leading the Israelites on their exodus from Egypt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 177 ], [ 178, 292 ], [ 293, 400 ], [ 401, 508 ], [ 509, 633 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Arab Republic of Egypt", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Blue Bra Girl has become a symbol for women's rights in this country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "5476a280ea23cca905512871", "qanta_id": 47855, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The Blue Bra Girl has become a symbol for women's rights in this country. Ahmed Shafik narrowly lost the 2012 election in this country to the candidate of the Freedom and Justice Party. A July 2013 coup d'\u00e9tat led by Abdul Fatah al-Sisi in this country resulted in the elevation of Adly (*) Mansour to the position of Interim President. Pope Tawadros II has condemned the attack on Coptic Christians in this country, where protesters from the Muslim Brotherhood attempt to reinstate ousted president Mohamed Morsi. For ten points, identify this country where Hosni Mubarak once ruled from Cairo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 185 ], [ 186, 286 ], [ 287, 336 ], [ 337, 514 ], [ 515, 595 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Edward Franklin Albee III", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a play in which a character performing calisthenics reveals to his half-buried Grandma that he is the angel of death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Albee", "proto_id": "5476a281ea23cca90551288f", "qanta_id": 47885, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author wrote a play in which a character performing calisthenics reveals to his half-buried Grandma that he is the angel of death. In another of his plays, a Western Union representative informs a central character that his son died trying to avoid hitting a porcupine with his car. Yet another of his plays ends with Jerry committing suicide with a knife held by (*) Peter after sitting on a bench in Central Park. In the most famous work by this author of The Sandbox and The Zoo Story, Nick and Honey play games like \"Get the Guest\" at the house of George and Martha. For ten points, identify this American playwright of Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 287 ], [ 288, 372 ], [ 373, 420 ], [ 421, 575 ], [ 576, 661 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Venice [or Venezia]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Murano Glass Museum is located in this city, which is served by buses called vaporettos.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venice", "proto_id": "5476a282ea23cca905512897", "qanta_id": 47893, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "The Murano Glass Museum is located in this city, which is served by buses called vaporettos. One structure in this city was so named because it provided criminals their last sight of the city before their death, while another structure consists of two inclined ramps leading to a portico. This city home to the Bridge of Sighs and the (*) Rialto has a primary traffic throughway with a reverse S-shape. Its most famous public square actually has the shape of a trapezoid. That square connects St. Mark's Basilica to the Doge's Palace. It is located on a lagoon where the Po River empties into the Adriatic. For ten points, identify this Italian city famous for its gondolas and canals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 288 ], [ 289, 402 ], [ 403, 471 ], [ 472, 534 ], [ 535, 606 ], [ 607, 685 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "xylem", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Casparian strip enables the endodermis to filter out harmful substances that would otherwise enter this tissue.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Xylem", "proto_id": "5476a282ea23cca9055128a0", "qanta_id": 47902, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The Casparian strip enables the endodermis to filter out harmful substances that would otherwise enter this tissue. Guttation results when increases in pressure cause the contents of this tissue to be exuded. The function of these structures is explained by the cohesion-tension theory, which involves (*) transpirational pull. This tissue is composed of tracheids and vessel elements, and dead cells that were formerly part of this tissue form wood. For ten points, name this tissue which transports water and, along with phloem, forms the plant vascular system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 208 ], [ 209, 327 ], [ 328, 450 ], [ 451, 563 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Jan Vermeer [or Johannes Vermeer]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted a maid delivering the title message to a seated woman with a lute in The Love Letter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Vermeer", "proto_id": "5476a283ea23cca9055128ba", "qanta_id": 47928, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist depicted a maid delivering the title message to a seated woman with a lute in The Love Letter. Other works by this artist include one in which the title green-robed figure inspects a globe and another in which a representation of the muse Clio is being painted. This painter of The Astronomer and The (*) Art of Painting also depicted a billowy cloud casting a shadow over a harbor in a painting of his hometown. His most famous painting depicts a woman in a blue turban turns back towards the viewer, thereby revealing the title piece of jewelry. For ten points, identify this Dutch artist of View of Delft and Girl with a Pearl Earring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 273 ], [ 274, 424 ], [ 425, 559 ], [ 560, 650 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Republic of Finland", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country is separated from its western neighbor by the Tornio River.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Finland", "proto_id": "5476a284ea23cca9055128cd", "qanta_id": 47947, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This country is separated from its western neighbor by the Tornio River. After its city of Turku was devastated by a fire, the national university moved to this country's current capital, which was renovated by Carl Ludwig Engel. Its capital also contains Senate Square and the offshore fortress of (*) Suomenlinna. Lake Saimaa is located in this country, which controls the Aland Islands at the mouth of the Gulf of Bothnia. A nearby country's city of Tallinn lies across this country's namesake gulf from its capital, which is the northernmost in continental Europe. For ten points, identify this country with capital at Helsinki.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 229 ], [ 230, 315 ], [ 316, 425 ], [ 426, 568 ], [ 569, 632 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Sparta [or Lacedaemon]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Youths armed with knives were instructed to kill anyone found outside at night as part of this city's annual tradition of Krypteia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sparta", "proto_id": "5476a284ea23cca9055128cf", "qanta_id": 47949, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classic", "text": "Youths armed with knives were instructed to kill anyone found outside at night as part of this city's annual tradition of Krypteia. In one conflict, Syracuse was defended by Gylippus, a general from this city whose governing bodies included a council of elders known as the gerousia. Its two (*) jointly ruling kings were overseen by the five ephors. A force from this city lost to Epaminondas and Sacred Band of Thebes at Leuctra, and its admiral Lysander won at Aegospotami. This city's most notable battle saw Leonidas hold off an army of Persians at Thermopylae. For ten points, identify this Greek city-state that fought against Athens in the Peloponnesian War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 283 ], [ 284, 350 ], [ 351, 476 ], [ 477, 566 ], [ 567, 666 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Alexander Pope", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author described \"The eternal sunshine of the spotless mind\" and noted that \"He best can paint 'em, who shall feel 'em most\" in one work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Pope", "proto_id": "5476a285ea23cca9055128e4", "qanta_id": 47970, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This author described \"The eternal sunshine of the spotless mind\" and noted that \"He best can paint 'em, who shall feel 'em most\" in one work. Another of his works asks, \"Who breaks a Butterfly upon a Wheel?\" This author of \"Eloisa to Abelard\" and \"Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot\" commented that (*) \"a little learning is a dangerous thing\" and that \"to err is human, to forgive Divine\" in another work. In a more famous poem by this man, Umbriel visits the Cave of Spleen before Lord Petre cuts a piece of Belinda's hair without her knowledge. For ten points, name this English author of \"An Essay on Man\" and the mock epic poem, The Rape of the Lock.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 208 ], [ 209, 397 ], [ 398, 538 ], [ 539, 646 ] ], "tournament": "LIST (Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Eugene O'Neill", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a play in which a woman plays \"The Sunshine of Paradise Alley\" on a piano, while later a man drunkenly sings \"Dansons le Carmagnole.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "5476a286ea23cca9055128ef", "qanta_id": 47981, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author wrote a play in which a woman plays \"The Sunshine of Paradise Alley\" on a piano, while later a man drunkenly sings \"Dansons le Carmagnole.\" In another play by this man, a woman is bothered by the sound of a foghorn and she blames her drunken son for fatally infecting young Eugene with measles. This author created a character who describes murdering his wife in a speech about (*) \"pipe dreams.\" This author wrote about the hardware salesman Hickey, who hangs out at Harry Hope's saloon. In a semi-autobiographical play by this man, Jamie and the tubercular Edmund are the children of morphine addict Mary and actor James Tyrone. For 10 points, name this man who wrote such plays as The Iceman Cometh and Long Day's Journey Into Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 306 ], [ 307, 407 ], [ 407, 408 ], [ 409, 500 ], [ 501, 642 ], [ 643, 748 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Perseus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Drops of blood generated during one of this man's adventures gave rise to the creature that killed the Argonaut seer Mopsus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "5476a286ea23cca905512901", "qanta_id": 47999, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "Drops of blood generated during one of this man's adventures gave rise to the creature that killed the Argonaut seer Mopsus. One story tells of how this man exchanged kingdoms with his cousin Megapenthes. Pausanias claimed that during a visit to Larissa, he invented the quoit, with which he accidentally killed his grandfather Acrisius. The Hesperides gave a kibisis to this man, who was raised on Seriphos by a (*) fisherman named Dictys. This man slew the monster Cetus, thus circumventing a prophecy that the oracle of Ammon had given to Cepheus and Cassiopeia. This man stole the tooth and eye shared by the Graeae while on one quest and ended another by rescuing and marrying Andromeda. For 10 points, name this son of Zeus and Danae who killed the Gorgon Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 204 ], [ 205, 337 ], [ 338, 440 ], [ 441, 565 ], [ 566, 692 ], [ 693, 769 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "William Butler Yeats", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man noted that \"we the great gazebo built\" and asked the reader to \"bid me strike a match and blow\" in a poem about two sisters from his collection The Winding Stair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "W._B._Yeats", "proto_id": "5476a287ea23cca905512905", "qanta_id": 48003, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This man noted that \"we the great gazebo built\" and asked the reader to \"bid me strike a match and blow\" in a poem about two sisters from his collection The Winding Stair. A poem about this man relates how \"in the nightmare of the dark / All the dogs of Europe bark\" and claims that \"he disappeared in the dead of winter\", noting that \"the day of his death was a dark cold day\". This poet described writing his play The (*) Countess Cathleen and expressed a need to lie down \"in the foul rag and bone shop of the heart\" in \"The Circus Animals' Desertion\". In another poem, he wrote of how \"a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi troubles my heart\" and asked \"what rough beast...slouches toward Bethlehem to be born?\" For 10 points, name this cofounder of the Abbey Theater, an Irish poet who wrote of a time when \"things fall apart\" in \"The Second Coming\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 237 ], [ 238, 378 ], [ 379, 415 ], [ 416, 419 ], [ 420, 423 ], [ 424, 555 ], [ 556, 711 ], [ 711, 852 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "speed of light [prompt on \"c\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The power predicted by the Larmor formula is proportional to charge squared times acceleration squared divided by the cube of this quantity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Speed_of_light", "proto_id": "5476a287ea23cca905512906", "qanta_id": 48004, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The power predicted by the Larmor formula is proportional to charge squared times acceleration squared divided by the cube of this quantity. In cgs units, the fine structure constant is equal to the electron charge squared divided by the product of h-bar and this quantity. This quantity is equal to the ratio of the electric field to the magnetic field for a wave in free space. This quantity is equal to one over the square root of the product of the (*) vacuum permeability and the vacuum permittivity. The spatial invariance of this quantity disproves the existence of the luminiferous aether. The ratio of this quantity in a vacuum to in a material gives that material's index of refraction. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized c and equal to roughly 186,000 miles per second", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 273 ], [ 274, 379 ], [ 380, 505 ], [ 506, 597 ], [ 598, 696 ], [ 697, 789 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "David Hume", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker claimed both animals and humans both acquire customs through experimentation in a work that argues we trust some testimony since man has strong memory and is not inclined to lie.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "5476a287ea23cca905512911", "qanta_id": 48015, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This thinker claimed both animals and humans both acquire customs through experimentation in a work that argues we trust some testimony since man has strong memory and is not inclined to lie. This man used the example of a house to disprove the argument from design in a work narrated by Pamphilus. One of this man's works that distinguished between \"relations of ideas\" and \"matters of fact\" woke Kant from his (*) \"dogmatic slumber\". In that work, this author of Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion conceded that one exception to his distinction between \"sense impressions\" and \"ideas\" was the \"missing shade of blue\". For 10 points, name this author of A Treatise of Human Nature and Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, a Scottish philosopher.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 298 ], [ 299, 435 ], [ 436, 622 ], [ 623, 752 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Max Weber [or Karl Emil Maximilian Weber]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one book, this thinker described \"legality\", the \"gift of grace\", and the \"authority of the eternal yesterday\" as the three sources of legitimation and noted that while the optimism of Shakespeare's Sonnet 102 would be nice, it is not \"summer's bloom\" that lies ahead of us, but a \"polar night of icy darkness and hardness\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Max_Weber", "proto_id": "5476a287ea23cca905512916", "qanta_id": 48020, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In one book, this thinker described \"legality\", the \"gift of grace\", and the \"authority of the eternal yesterday\" as the three sources of legitimation and noted that while the optimism of Shakespeare's Sonnet 102 would be nice, it is not \"summer's bloom\" that lies ahead of us, but a \"polar night of icy darkness and hardness\". In that same book, he described the state as an entity which, within its boundaries, \"claims the (*) monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force\". In his most famous book, which was first translated into English by Talcott Parsons, he lamented how the \"cloak\" of care for external goods had become an \"iron cage\" of rationality and analyzed the economic effects of Calvinism. For 10 points, name this German sociologist who wrote Politics as a Vocation and The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 327 ], [ 328, 479 ], [ 480, 708 ], [ 709, 840 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Thebes", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "When a leader of this city was put on trial, he asked that if he was executed, the inscription read that he was being punished for \"securing liberty\" in a speech that caused his jury to laugh and drop the charges.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thebes,_Greece", "proto_id": "5476a288ea23cca905512925", "qanta_id": 48035, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classic", "text": "When a leader of this city was put on trial, he asked that if he was executed, the inscription read that he was being punished for \"securing liberty\" in a speech that caused his jury to laugh and drop the charges. Pausanias wrote that it built a gigantic lion statue at the site of one of its greatest losses, and the land near this city was called \"the dancing floor of Ares.\" Its greatest power came under leaders such as Pelopidas. This city had a leader slain by Agesilaus II's forces at the Battle of (*) Mantinea. It employed a troop of 150 pairs of male lovers, which was thrashed at the Battle of Chaeronea by Philip II. Under Epaminondas, this city won the Battle of Leuctra against Sparta, and it possessed an elite force called the Sacred Band. For 10 points, name this Greek city mythically founded by Cadmus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 214, 376 ], [ 376, 434 ], [ 435, 519 ], [ 520, 628 ], [ 629, 755 ], [ 756, 821 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Mexico [or United Mexican States]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country captured Seth Thornton in the \"Thornton Affair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "5476a28aea23cca905512949", "qanta_id": 48070, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This country captured Seth Thornton in the \"Thornton Affair.\" A record fifty-six Medals of Honor, including one to an embarrassed Smedley Butler, were awarded after a military action here. When returning from this country, a general wrote that \"we are sneaking home under cover, like a whipped cur with its tail between its legs.\" Nicholas (*) Trist was fired after negotiating a treaty with this country, and a conflict with it was the subject of the \"Spot Resolutions\" introduced by Abraham Lincoln. John Pershing led an unsuccessful 1916 expedition into it. Germany sent the Zimmermann Telegram to this country, which sold land in the Gadsden Purchase. For 10 points, name this country which the United States acquired California from in an 1840's war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 60 ], [ 60, 61 ], [ 62, 188 ], [ 189, 329 ], [ 329, 339 ], [ 340, 343 ], [ 344, 501 ], [ 502, 560 ], [ 561, 655 ], [ 656, 755 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "alcohol [or liquor; accept beer, wine, or vodka before mentioned; I guess accept spirits from ancient people like Mike Cheyne; prompt on less specific things like \"drinks\" or \"beverages\" or \"liquids\"]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the Gurbani, Bhagat Kabir argues that one type of this thing, \"Suma-pann\", does not possess the holiness of God's name, even when this substance is \"of the Ganges\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alcohol", "proto_id": "5476a28aea23cca90551294e", "qanta_id": 48075, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In the Gurbani, Bhagat Kabir argues that one type of this thing, \"Suma-pann\", does not possess the holiness of God's name, even when this substance is \"of the Ganges\". The fifth part of the Buddhist Pancasila regulates the personal use of this substance. In the fifth Surah, it is labeled an \"abomination of Satan's handiwork\" along with gambling. Contemporary interpretations of the \"Words of Wisdom\" encourage following a \"principle of promise\" and avoiding (*) \"hot drinks\" and this type of substance. During Catholic Eucharist, a variety of this substance is transubstantiated into the blood of Christ. For 10 points, name this type of liquid whose addiction is combated by the vaguely religious AA and comes in varieties like beer, wine, and vodka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 254 ], [ 255, 347 ], [ 348, 504 ], [ 505, 606 ], [ 607, 753 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Fathers and Sons [or Fathers and Children; or Otcy i Deti]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Isaiah Berlin described the five main critical responses to this novel in a 1970 Romanes Lecture on its author \"and the Liberal Predicament\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fathers_and_Sons_(novel)", "proto_id": "5476a28aea23cca905512955", "qanta_id": 48082, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "Isaiah Berlin described the five main critical responses to this novel in a 1970 Romanes Lecture on its author \"and the Liberal Predicament\". In one scene from this novel, a character takes a volume of Pushkin from another character's hands and replaces it with Ludwig B\u00fcchner's \"Stoff und Kraft\". In another scene in this novel, the main characters visit the messy house of Madame Kukshina with the woman-hating Sitnikov. Its main character (*) cuts himself while performing an autopsy and contracts typhus, which short-circuits his growing love for Madame Odintsova. At its end, Pavel goes to Dresden while Fenichka and Katya marry Nikolai and Arkady Kirsanov. For 10 points, name this 1862 novel about the self-described nihilist Bazarov, the most famous work of Ivan Turgenev.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 297 ], [ 298, 422 ], [ 423, 568 ], [ 569, 662 ], [ 663, 780 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "photoelectric effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A form of spectroscopy utilizing X-rays and this effect is complementary to Auger spectroscopy and is used to measure the binding energies of atoms.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Photoelectric_effect", "proto_id": "5476a28aea23cca905512957", "qanta_id": 48084, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "A form of spectroscopy utilizing X-rays and this effect is complementary to Auger spectroscopy and is used to measure the binding energies of atoms. This effect is combined with secondary emission in a PMT to enhance signal intensity in various forms of spectroscopy. The amount of electromotive force required to prevent this effect from producing a net current is referred to as the stopping potential. The maximum possible (*) kinetic energy attainable by the product of this effect is equal to Planck's constant times the incident photon frequency minus the work function of the material. For 10 points, the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Einstein for his explanation of what effect, in which an electron is ejected from a material due to light shining on it?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 267 ], [ 268, 404 ], [ 405, 425 ], [ 426, 592 ], [ 593, 782 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Justinian I [or Justinian the Great; prompt on \"Justinian\"]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man employed such officials as the poet Paul the Silentiary, and a notable account of his reign was written by Agathias.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Justinian_I", "proto_id": "5476a28bea23cca905512961", "qanta_id": 48093, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This man employed such officials as the poet Paul the Silentiary, and a notable account of his reign was written by Agathias. He ended the Lazic War by dispatching his envoy Peter the Patrician, and during his reign, Totila was slain at the Battle of Taginae. This man ordered the officer Mundus to attack the supporters of Anastasius' nephew, (*) Hypatius. This monarch, a supporter of the \"Blues\" faction of chariot racing enthusiasts, employed such scholars as Tribonian, who helped to compile the legislative collection Corpus juris civilis. This husband of Theodora was the target of the Nika riots and the ruler who dispatched his general Belisarius to retake Western Roman lands. For 10 points, name this Byzantine ruler who built the Hagia Sophia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 259 ], [ 260, 343 ], [ 344, 357 ], [ 358, 545 ], [ 546, 686 ], [ 687, 755 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Incan Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A man claiming descent from this empire's rulers won the Battle of Sangarara.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "5476a28bea23cca905512973", "qanta_id": 48111, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A man claiming descent from this empire's rulers won the Battle of Sangarara. It utilized way stations called \"tambos,\" and it legendarily had its origins at caves named Maras and Sutic Tocco. This empire utilized such generals as Quizquiz, and one of its rulers filled the \"Ransom Room\" with gold before being garroted by his captors. After a ruler of this empire threw a (*) holy book to the ground, he was captured at the lopsided Battle of Cajamarca. It did not have a written language, but instead used knotted strings known as \"Quipu\" to record information. Near the end of its existence, this empire was consumed by a civil war between brothers Huascar and Atahualpa. With a capital at Cusco, it was conquered by Francisco Pizarro. For 10 points, name this ancient empire located in Peru.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 192 ], [ 193, 335 ], [ 336, 454 ], [ 455, 563 ], [ 564, 674 ], [ 675, 738 ], [ 739, 795 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Eug\u00e8ne Ionesco [or Eugen Ionescu]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's plays, a single actor is tasked with playing the roles of a rag-and-bone man, a butterfly catcher, and a lemonade seller.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Ionesco", "proto_id": "5476a28cea23cca905512989", "qanta_id": 48133, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "In one of this author's plays, a single actor is tasked with playing the roles of a rag-and-bone man, a butterfly catcher, and a lemonade seller. One of this author's characters initially refuses to retell a story involving a pot-bellied idiot with a trunk full of rice that begins \"then at last we arrived\". Another of his characters misuses syllogisms to prove that both a dog and Socrates are cats. This author of (*) Macbett wrote a play which ends with the main characters jumping out of a tower as the Emperor arrives, followed by the revelation that the Orator is a deaf-mute. In another of his plays, Mr. Boeuf, Mr. Papillon, Botard and Dudard, Jean, and Daisy, but not Berenger, eventually transform into the title animals. For 10 points, name this Romanian absurdist who wrote The Chairs and Rhinoceros.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 308 ], [ 309, 401 ], [ 402, 583 ], [ 584, 732 ], [ 733, 813 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Niccolo Machiavelli", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this man argued that the secure life available through lawful regimes like France was not actually a life of liberty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Niccol\u00f2_Machiavelli", "proto_id": "5476a28cea23cca90551298b", "qanta_id": 48135, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "One work by this man argued that the secure life available through lawful regimes like France was not actually a life of liberty. That work also claimed that the people were \"more prudent \u0085 and of better judgment\" than lone rulers. Another book by this man contrasts the dangers of independent barons with the security of appointed bureaucrats. That work by this man compares the effectiveness of the (*) cruelty of Hannibal and Scipio Africanus and outlines the virtues of Cesare Borgia to illustrate its claim that it is better for the title figure to be feared than to be loved. For 10 points, name this Italian political philosopher who wrote Discourses on Livy and a work dedicated to Lorenzo Medici, The Prince.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 231 ], [ 232, 344 ], [ 345, 581 ], [ 582, 717 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this play, a man who used to work as an overseer for Straw and Ochello tells a story about giving money to \"howling children in the hills around Barcelona\" before relating another story about being approached by a child prostitute in Marrakech.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cat_on_a_Hot_Tin_Roof", "proto_id": "5476a28dea23cca905512991", "qanta_id": 48141, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In this play, a man who used to work as an overseer for Straw and Ochello tells a story about giving money to \"howling children in the hills around Barcelona\" before relating another story about being approached by a child prostitute in Marrakech. Various characters in this play respond to declarations of love with the line \"Wouldn't it be funny if that was true?\" A character in this play doesn't feel peaceful unless he (*) drinks until he hears a \"click\", which also eases his disgust with the world's \"mendacity\" and his sadness over Skipper's suicide. Gooper and Mae scheme against this play's protagonists to acquire the inheritance of the dying Big Daddy. For 10 points, name this Tennessee Williams play about Brick and Maggie Pollitt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 247 ], [ 248, 365 ], [ 365, 366 ], [ 367, 558 ], [ 559, 664 ], [ 665, 745 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "antibodies [or immunoglobulins]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One process which acts on these proteins only occurs at segments flanked by two RSS sites with spacers 12 and 23 nucleotides long.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antibody", "proto_id": "5476a28dea23cca905512996", "qanta_id": 48146, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "One process which acts on these proteins only occurs at segments flanked by two RSS sites with spacers 12 and 23 nucleotides long. One type of these proteins is a pentamer containing a central J chain surrounded by 10 F-sub-a-b regions. These proteins are used to precipitate a protein-DNA complex in ChIP, and they can be used to detect specific proteins in a (*) Western blot. Examples of these proteins made from identical cells which all bind to the same epitope are known as \"monoclonal.\" Consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains, these proteins come in 5 different isotypes labeled A, D, E, G, and M. Produced by plasma B cells, for 10 points, name these Y-shaped proteins which mediate the immune response by binding to antigens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 236 ], [ 237, 378 ], [ 379, 493 ], [ 494, 747 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "angular momentum [or rotational momentum, DO NOT accept or prompt \"linear momentum\" or just \"momentum\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this quantity's operators is a 3x3 matrix with a 1 in the top left, a -1 in the bottom right, and 0s everywhere else.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Angular_momentum", "proto_id": "5476a28eea23cca9055129aa", "qanta_id": 48166, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "One of this quantity's operators is a 3x3 matrix with a 1 in the top left, a -1 in the bottom right, and 0s everywhere else. The operators corresponding to the three Cartesian vector components of this quantity do not commute with each other, but they all commute with the operator corresponding to this quantity squared. The eigenfunctions of this quantity's operators are the spherical harmonics. The conservation of this quantity causes the radius vector for the (*) orbit of a planet to sweep out equal areas in equal time, a fact known as Kepler's 2nd Law. This quantity is equal to the product of moment of inertia with angular velocity, and it is conserved in the absence of an external torque. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized L which is defined as the cross product of position with linear momentum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 321 ], [ 322, 398 ], [ 399, 561 ], [ 562, 701 ], [ 702, 820 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "reduction [prompt on \"redox\" or \"reduction-oxidation\" or \"oxidation-reduction,\" prompt on \"hydrogenation\" due to the DIBAL clue]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Boron-based catalysts for this type of reaction include L-selectrides and oxazaborolidines.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Redox", "proto_id": "5476a28eea23cca9055129b5", "qanta_id": 48177, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Boron-based catalysts for this type of reaction include L-selectrides and oxazaborolidines. DIBAL induces this type of reaction with remarkable chemoselectivity. One reaction of this type converts a carbonyl to a hydrazone, then releases nitrogen gas upon treatment with a base. This type of reaction is often used after the Friedel-Crafts acylation to prevent the polyalkylation caused by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation. (*) Hydrides are potent agents to drive this type of reaction in organic compounds, as exemplified by the conversion of azides to amines, alkenes to alkanes, and ketones to alcohols. This type of reaction occurs at the cathode of an electrochemical cell. For 10 points, name this type of reaction in which the reactant gains electrons, as contrasted with oxidation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 161 ], [ 162, 278 ], [ 279, 420 ], [ 421, 603 ], [ 604, 675 ], [ 676, 786 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Belgium [or the Kingdom of Belgium; or Koninkrijk Belgi\u00eb; or Royaume de Belgique]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote about the medieval physician Zeno in The Abyss and related the title character's reminiscences about the Sarmatian Wars and his lover Antinous in her Memoirs of Hadrian.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Belgium", "proto_id": "5476a28eea23cca9055129ba", "qanta_id": 48182, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "One author from this country wrote about the medieval physician Zeno in The Abyss and related the title character's reminiscences about the Sarmatian Wars and his lover Antinous in her Memoirs of Hadrian. Another author from this country created Yniold, whose discovery of an affair prompts Golaud to kill the lovers involved. That author from here also wrote a play in which the fairy Berylune sends Mytyl and Tyltyl on a search for happiness, represented by the title (*) animal. Arthur Hastings often accompanies a character from this country who uses his \"little gray cells\" to resolve the Mysterious Affair at Styles and to determine that twelve different people murdered Mr. Ratchett aboard the Orient Express. For 10 points, Marguerite Yourcenar and Maurice Maeterlinck are Francophone authors from which European country, the home of Hercule Poirot?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 326 ], [ 327, 481 ], [ 482, 716 ], [ 717, 857 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "George Washington", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man appears below a sculpture of a bearded head and above a large stone slab displaying a Latin phrase, which surround a circular window in the \"porthole portrait\" of him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "5476a28fea23cca9055129ce", "qanta_id": 48202, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This man appears below a sculpture of a bearded head and above a large stone slab displaying a Latin phrase, which surround a circular window in the \"porthole portrait\" of him. A golden table leg resembling an eagle-topped fasces appears in another portrait of this man, who holds a sword and wears a purple cloak while seated between the goddesses Victory and Liberty in another painting. This subject of the Lansdowne Portrait experienced an (*) \"Apotheosis\" in a Constantino Brumidi fresco and was depicted by Rembrandt Peale as \"Patriae Pater\". Ice chunks modeled on those found in the Rhine appear in a painting in which this man dramatically perches next to the flag-bearing Lieutenant James Monroe. For 10 points, name this politician and general who Emanuel Leutze depicted \"Crossing the Delaware\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 389 ], [ 390, 548 ], [ 549, 705 ], [ 706, 806 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Burma [or the Republic of the Union of Myanmar]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A book about the \"life and notions\" of this country's natives was written under a pseudonym by James George Scott, who also introduced soccer to it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Myanmar", "proto_id": "5476a291ea23cca9055129ec", "qanta_id": 48232, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A book about the \"life and notions\" of this country's natives was written under a pseudonym by James George Scott, who also introduced soccer to it. In 1945, its largest city was the target of an Allied assault codenamed Operation Dracula. A speech declaring that \"we will fight sword with sword and spear with spear\" was given by a politician who led a 1962 coup in this country. That highly superstitious leader dynamited this country's economy with his failed \"Way to Socialism\". This country, home to the long-suffering (*) Rohingya people, was the location of the 8888 Uprising, which itself was crushed by a military coup led by SLORC. For 10 points, identify this Southeast Asian country where the 2011 dissolution of the military junta and Than Shwe's transfer of power to Thein Sein led to the release of native Aung San Suu Kyi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 239 ], [ 240, 380 ], [ 381, 482 ], [ 483, 641 ], [ 642, 838 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer used an A-flat larghetto in 3/8 time as the second movement of the later of his two piano quartets, while a piece named \"Sleigh Ride\" ends his Three German Dances.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "proto_id": "5476a291ea23cca9055129ed", "qanta_id": 48233, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer used an A-flat larghetto in 3/8 time as the second movement of the later of his two piano quartets, while a piece named \"Sleigh Ride\" ends his Three German Dances. His cantata Davide Penitente reused music from the Kyrie and Gloria sections of his unfinished Great Mass in C minor. He omitted repeat signs from the exposition in the first movement of a symphony that he constructed by dropping the introductory march and a minuet from a serenade composed for Sigmund (*) Haffner. The finale of another of his symphonies opens with the four-note theme C-D-F-E and ends with a five-voice fugato representing the five major themes. Franz Xaver S\u00fcssmayr completed the last entry in the K\u00f6chel catalog of this man's works. For 10 points, name this composer of the Jupiter Symphony who died before he could finish his 1791 Requiem.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 295 ], [ 296, 493 ], [ 494, 642 ], [ 643, 731 ], [ 732, 839 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Ireland", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A border area in the north of this country is home to a series of fortified earthworks called Black Pig's Dyke.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ireland", "proto_id": "5476a291ea23cca9055129f9", "qanta_id": 48245, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "A border area in the north of this country is home to a series of fortified earthworks called Black Pig's Dyke. An archaeological site in this country is buttressed by 97 decorated \"kerbstones\" and features a notable entrance stone decorated in the \"plastic style.\" This country is home to a boulder decorated in the La Tene style called the Turoe stone and a structure which is located just south of a series of ring forts called the Rath of the Synods and a tomb called the Mound of the (*) Hostages, and which is topped by the \"Stone of Destiny.\" A structure in this country is famous for a roofbox which allows the illumination of its interior on the winter solstice. This country is home to the passage tombs of Carrowmore and Newgrange. For 10 points, name this island country whose High Kings were crowned at the Hill of Tara, near the River Boyne in County Meath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 264 ], [ 264, 549 ], [ 550, 671 ], [ 672, 742 ], [ 743, 871 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Moses [or Mo\u00efse]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Toledo Museum of Art is home to a massive black steel geometric sculpture by Tony Smith with this name.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moses", "proto_id": "5476a292ea23cca905512a07", "qanta_id": 48259, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "The Toledo Museum of Art is home to a massive black steel geometric sculpture by Tony Smith with this name. This name ends the title of a hexagonal sculpture depicting a ring of six men and a now-lost crucifixion scene found in Chartreuse de Champmol. That sculpture, created for John the Fearless, is a \"Well of\" this name designed by Claus Sluter. An artist with this surname depicted oxen pulling timber-filled sleighs, a roiling black cauldron on a huge fire, and people pouring (*) maple syrup onto snow in the painting Sugaring Off. A sculpture of a man with this name intended for the tomb of Pope Julius II was based on a description from the Vulgate, explaining that man's unusually horned head. For 10 points, give the name shared the Old Testament figure depicted in that Michelangelo sculpture and by a painter known as \"Grandma\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 251 ], [ 252, 303 ], [ 304, 349 ], [ 350, 538 ], [ 539, 704 ], [ 705, 842 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "New Zealand [or Aotearoa]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this country, inventive uses for a commonly-used fencing material led to a saying about its so-called \"Number 8 wire\" mentality.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_Zealand", "proto_id": "5476a293ea23cca905512a22", "qanta_id": 48286, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In this country, inventive uses for a commonly-used fencing material led to a saying about its so-called \"Number 8 wire\" mentality. The first Standardbred horse to win a million dollars, Cardigan Bay, was from this country, whose indigenous art often features symbols representing uncurling silver ferns. In 1893, it became the first modern country to enact female suffrage. Highly-regarded (*) Sauvignon Blanc is produced in the Marlborough region of this country. A 2011 earthquake in this country caused a period of \"Marmageddon\", in which locally-made Marmite was temporarily unavailable. Its non-native settlers are referred to as \"Pakeha.\" For 10 points, name this country whose inhabitants are known as \"Kiwis.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 304 ], [ 305, 374 ], [ 375, 465 ], [ 466, 592 ], [ 593, 645 ], [ 646, 718 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Robert Lee Frost", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem, this author imagines an activity that is \"good both going and coming back\" and envisions a boy \"too far from town to learn baseball\" who \"one by one\" \"subdued his father's trees.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "5476a293ea23cca905512a29", "qanta_id": 48293, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one poem, this author imagines an activity that is \"good both going and coming back\" and envisions a boy \"too far from town to learn baseball\" who \"one by one\" \"subdued his father's trees.\" Trees that \"bend to left and right\" cause this author to imagine that \"some boy's been swinging them.\" This poet offered a definition of home as \"the place where, when you have to go there, They have to take you in\" in a poem in which (*) Mary and Warren discuss the return and demise of the farm hand Silas. This author described holding a pane of ice \"against the world of hoary grass\" in \"After Apple-Picking.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"The Death of the Hired Man\" and \"Birches\" who claimed \"Good fences make good neighbors\" in \"Mending Wall.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 295 ], [ 296, 431 ], [ 432, 501 ], [ 502, 606 ], [ 607, 747 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Vienna, Austria [or Wien]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Social Democrat Jakob Reumann was mayor of this city during its \"Red\" phase between the World Wars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vienna", "proto_id": "5476a294ea23cca905512a37", "qanta_id": 48307, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "The Social Democrat Jakob Reumann was mayor of this city during its \"Red\" phase between the World Wars. Along with Helsinki, US and Soviet leaders used this city to discuss arms reduction in the SALT talks. For the last five years of his life, Matthias Corvinus occupied and ruled from this non-Magyar city. The failed July Putsch ended the far-right government of Engelbert Dollfuss here; other right-wing politicians buried here include former UN Secretary-General Kurt (*) Waldheim and Jorg Haider. The Sch\u00f6nbrunn palace is in this city, where a charge of twenty thousand cavalry led by Jan III Sobieski of Poland beat back an army led by janissaries in 1683. For 10 points, name this European capital where the Ottomans twice failed to topple the Habsburgs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 206 ], [ 207, 307 ], [ 308, 501 ], [ 502, 662 ], [ 663, 761 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Franz Liszt [or Franz Ritter von Liszt; or Liszt Ferenc in either order]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer counted an arrangement of the quartet from Verdi's Rigoletto among his \"concert paraphrases\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Liszt", "proto_id": "5476a298ea23cca905512a99", "qanta_id": 48404, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "This composer counted an arrangement of the quartet from Verdi's Rigoletto among his \"concert paraphrases\". He included musical depictions of Michelangelo's The Thinker and sonnets by Petrarch in a suite subtitled \"Italy\", following one subtitled \"Switzerland\". Stacked fifths, E - B - F-sharp - C-sharp, imitate the devil tuning his violin in the first of four pieces by this composer based on Nikolaus Lenau's version of (*) Faust. This composer of the Years of Pilgrimage and the Mephisto Waltzes portrayed the title character being dragged by a horse in \"Mazeppa\", the fourth of his Transcendental \u00c9tudes. For 10 points, name this 19th-century piano virtuoso who composed the Hungarian Rhapsodies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 261 ], [ 262, 433 ], [ 434, 609 ], [ 610, 701 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Edvard Hagerup {Grieg}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Anton Seidl orchestrated a \"Notturno\" by this composer as part of a suite which this man himself later revised.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "5476a299ea23cca905512aa5", "qanta_id": 48416, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "Anton Seidl orchestrated a \"Notturno\" by this composer as part of a suite which this man himself later revised. One of his works opens with a one-bar pianissimo timpani roll that crescendos and arrives at a tutti chord with the full orchestra, followed by a brief cadenza by the soloist. That piece shares its key with a work of the same type by Schumann. He composed ten volumes of solo piano pieces, including \"To Spring\" and \"Wedding Day at (*) Troldhaugen\", and his only concerto is his Piano Concerto in A Minor. He also wrote the piece \"Morning Mood\" to accompany a play by one of his countrymen. For 10 points, name this composer of the Lyric Pieces, whose incidental music to Peer Gynt also includes \"In the Hall of the Mountain King.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 287 ], [ 288, 355 ], [ 356, 517 ], [ 518, 602 ], [ 603, 743 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Russia [or Russian Federation; or Russian Empire]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Since an 1813 treaty, this country has controlled the Islamic city of Derbent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "5476a29aea23cca905512ab8", "qanta_id": 48434, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "Since an 1813 treaty, this country has controlled the Islamic city of Derbent. Ismail Gaspirali founded the religious reform movement of Jadidism in this country, which fought Sufi resistance leader Imam Shamil during the mid 19th century. This country's police circulated an unknown toxic gas through a (*) movie theater in its capital to end a hostage crisis by Muslim militants from the same region as the earlier Hadji Murad. Aslan Maskhadov led resistance to this country from a separatist republic with capital at Grozny. For 10 points, name this country whose recent actions against militant Islam have included backing Syria's Bashar al-Assad at the UN and crushing an insurgency in Chechnya.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 239 ], [ 240, 429 ], [ 430, 527 ], [ 528, 700 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Max {Weber} [or Karl Emil Maximilian {Weber}]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One article by this thinker denied the existence of true objective scientific analysis of culture.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Max_Weber", "proto_id": "5476a29cea23cca905512ae7", "qanta_id": 48481, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "One article by this thinker denied the existence of true objective scientific analysis of culture. This man distingished between the charismatic, traditional, and legal \"ideal types\" of leadership in a book that claimed the state has a \"monopoly on the legitimate use of force\". This thinker outline the development of institutions that \"dominate through knowledge\" in Economy and Society. This author of Politics as a (*) Vocation argued that individuals were increasing trapped in an \"iron cage\" of bureaucratic rationality in a work that traced how the rise of Reformation asceticism led to the flourishing of the free market. For 10 points, name this German sociologist who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 278 ], [ 279, 389 ], [ 390, 629 ], [ 630, 734 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Gerard Manley Hopkins", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The speaker of one of this author's poems praises the \"giver of breath and bread\" who \"hast bound bones and veins in me.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gerard_Manley_Hopkins", "proto_id": "5476a29cea23cca905512af2", "qanta_id": 48492, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "The speaker of one of this author's poems praises the \"giver of breath and bread\" who \"hast bound bones and veins in me.\" His distress and depression while teaching at University College Dublin gave rise to a series of so-called \"terrible sonnets\". One of his poems describes the \"brute beauty and valour and act\" of a recently-caught \"morning's minion,\", while another is dedicated to (*) nuns who drowned after fleeing Germany. Another poem by this author extols \"skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow\" and begins \"Glory be to God for dappled things.\" This author wrote about a \"dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon\" in a poem which pioneered \"sprung rhythm.\" For 10 points, identify this British poet of \"The Wreck of the Deutschland\", \"The Windhover\", and \"Pied Beauty.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 248 ], [ 249, 429 ], [ 430, 555 ], [ 556, 650 ], [ 650, 728 ], [ 729, 764 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Krishna [prompt on Vishnu]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Jara killed this god by shooting him in the foot with a reed made from the powder of an ill-omened pestle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Krishna", "proto_id": "5476a29dea23cca905512afd", "qanta_id": 48503, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "Jara killed this god by shooting him in the foot with a reed made from the powder of an ill-omened pestle. This god was switched at birth to avoid being killed by King Kamsa. This god purified a river of poison by fatally dancing on the hundred heads of the serpent Kaliya. Duryodhana chose this god's army over this god himself. In his youth, this (*) blue-skinned god was a butter-thief notorious for pulling pranks on the gopis. During the Kurukshetra War, this charioteer convinced one of the Pandavas to go to war against his cousins. For 10 points, name this eighth avatar of Vishnu who advises Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 174 ], [ 175, 273 ], [ 274, 329 ], [ 330, 431 ], [ 432, 539 ], [ 540, 629 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Peter the Great [or Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich; prompt on \\\"Peter\\\"]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler's bureaucratic reforms were shaped by Heinrich von Fick.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476a2a1ea23cca905512b4f", "qanta_id": 48585, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This ruler's bureaucratic reforms were shaped by Heinrich von Fick. This man was aided by Scottish general Patrick Gordon in putting down an early rebellion against him from his sister. This ruler worked incognito in a Dutch shipyard and signed a treaty with Frederick I of Prussia as part of an endeavor taken along with his trusted advisers Franz Lefort and Fedor Golovin. This suppressor of the (*) streltsy uprising reformed the civil service to be based on the Table of Ranks and taxed the boyars for wearing beards. For 10 points, name this Russian tsar whose \"Grand Embassy\" to Western Europe inspired his Westernizing reforms and the construction of St. Petersburg.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 185 ], [ 186, 374 ], [ 375, 521 ], [ 522, 673 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "diffusion [prompt on osmosis before it is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The capillary and diaphragm techniques measure a constant quantifying this process, and for low Reynolds number, that constant equals Boltzmann's constant times temperature over six pi times viscosity times particle radius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476a2a1ea23cca905512b54", "qanta_id": 48590, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The capillary and diaphragm techniques measure a constant quantifying this process, and for low Reynolds number, that constant equals Boltzmann's constant times temperature over six pi times viscosity times particle radius. This phenomenon is used to introduce interstitial defects into crystals, such as carbon substitution for steel. This process controls the (*) rate of catalytic reactions with very high turnover numbers. A gradient of chemical potential is the thermodynamic driving force for this process. This process occurs through random walk in Brownian motion, and when it occurs through a semipermeable membrane, it's called osmosis. For 10 points, name this movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 223 ], [ 224, 335 ], [ 336, 426 ], [ 427, 512 ], [ 513, 646 ], [ 647, 739 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Constantine [accept Constantine the Great; accept Constantine V Copronymus; accept Constantine XI Paleologus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A ruler of this name introduced a symbolic military standard called the labarum.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantine_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476a2a2ea23cca905512b61", "qanta_id": 48603, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classic", "text": "A ruler of this name introduced a symbolic military standard called the labarum. The fifth Byzantine emperor of this name, a son of Leo the Isaurian, was nicknamed \"Copronymus\" for defecating at his baptism. An early ruler of this name defeated his colleague Licinius at Chrysopolis, as described by Eusebius of Caesarea. The last member of the Paleologus dynasty held this name, and tore off his imperial clothing before charging into (*) Mehmet II's troops in 1453. The homoousios compromise came from Saint Helena's son of this name, who saw a vision in the sky before defeating Maxentius at Milvian Bridge and co-issuing the Edict of Milan. For 10 points, give this name of eleven emperors who all used a namesake capital in the Eastern Roman Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 207 ], [ 208, 321 ], [ 322, 439 ], [ 440, 467 ], [ 468, 644 ], [ 645, 754 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Republic of Kenya [or Jamhuri ya Kenya; prompt on \\\"British East Africa\\\"]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This modern country is the setting of Elspeth Huxley's Red Strangers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenya", "proto_id": "5476a2a2ea23cca905512b69", "qanta_id": 48611, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This modern country is the setting of Elspeth Huxley's Red Strangers. An author from this country described the Marching to Heaven project, constructed by the autocratic Ruler of the Free Republic of Abruria, in a 2006 novel. That author from this country wrote a novel in which General R. executes Mugo, who reveals that he had betrayed the killer of District Officer Robson, a resistance fighter named Kihika. The author of (*) Wizard of the Crow and A Grain of Wheat is from this country, which is the setting of a book whose protagonist has an affair with Denys Finch-Hatton after taking over Bror's coffee plantation. For 10 points, name this setting of Isak Dinesen's Out of Africa, the home country of Gikuyu author Ngugi wa Thiongo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 225 ], [ 226, 411 ], [ 412, 622 ], [ 623, 740 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Death of a Salesman", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A character in this play tells a story about an eighty-four-year-old colleague who wears green velvet slippers and dies peacefully on a train.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_of_a_Salesman", "proto_id": "5476a2a3ea23cca905512b7e", "qanta_id": 48632, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "A character in this play tells a story about an eighty-four-year-old colleague who wears green velvet slippers and dies peacefully on a train. That character \"hears but is not aware of\" a recurring flute melody during this play. Dave Seligman represents the good old days in a conversation the main character of this play has with Howard Wagner. Another character in this play gives up on going to (*) UVA and quits summer school after he discovers his father having an affair in Boston, and Biff also fails to form a sporting goods business with his brother Happy. The title character of this play intentionally crashes his car in order to give his family the life insurance money. For 10 points, name this play by Arthur Miller about the suicide of Willy Loman.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 228 ], [ 229, 345 ], [ 346, 565 ], [ 566, 682 ], [ 683, 763 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Salman Rushdie [or Ahmed Salman Rushdie]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author attacked The Far Pavilions and the Raj Quartet in an essay given the Orwell-inspired title \"Outside the Whale\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salman_Rushdie", "proto_id": "5476a2a4ea23cca905512b8e", "qanta_id": 48648, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This author attacked The Far Pavilions and the Raj Quartet in an essay given the Orwell-inspired title \"Outside the Whale\". A novel by this man that opens in \"the saddest of cities\" is about the son of the \"Shah of Blah\", who meets Butt the Hoopoe and Iff the water genie. He described his life after publishing another of his books in the quasi-memoir Joseph Anton. This author of (*) Haroun and the Sea of Stories included the priestess Hind and the satirist Baal in a section of a novel focused on a prophet named Mahound. That novel opens with Gibreel Farishta and Saladin Chamcha falling from an exploding plane, and earned this man a fatwa from Ayatollah Khomeini. For 10 points, name this Indian author of The Satanic Verses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 272 ], [ 273, 366 ], [ 367, 525 ], [ 526, 670 ], [ 671, 732 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{linear momentum} [do not accept \\\"angular momentum\\\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "By replacing generalized velocities with the conjugate form of this quantity, one can reformulate Lagrangian mechanics as Hamiltonian mechanics.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Momentum", "proto_id": "5476a2a5ea23cca905512bb0", "qanta_id": 48682, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "By replacing generalized velocities with the conjugate form of this quantity, one can reformulate Lagrangian mechanics as Hamiltonian mechanics. In fluid dynamics, the Cauchy equation is equivalent to the conservation of this quantity. Its operator in quantum mechanics is equal to i h-bar times the partial derivative with respect to position. The conservation of this quantity proceeds from translational symmetry according to Noether's theorem. According to the de (*) Broglie relation, wavelength is equal to Planck's constant over this quantity. This quantity is conserved by inelastic collisions. The change in this quantity is defined as the impulse. For 10 points, name this quantity conventionally equal to mass times velocity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 235 ], [ 236, 344 ], [ 345, 447 ], [ 448, 550 ], [ 551, 602 ], [ 603, 657 ], [ 658, 736 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "William Gerald Golding", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of a series of this author's novels befriends Prettiman on his voyage to Australia, and falls in love with Marion Chumley, who is traveling aboard the Alcyone.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Golding", "proto_id": "5476a2a6ea23cca905512bc4", "qanta_id": 48702, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "The protagonist of a series of this author's novels befriends Prettiman on his voyage to Australia, and falls in love with Marion Chumley, who is traveling aboard the Alcyone. That series of novels centers on Edmund Talbot, and includes Fire Down Below and Close Quarters. This author's To the Ends of the Earth trilogy begins with (*) Rites of Passage, but he's more famous for a novel in which Robert is almost killed while pretending to be a boar. In that book, a fighter pilot's body is mistaken for the Beast, and rival groups of boys fight over Piggy's glasses and a conch. For 10 points, name this British author of Lord of the Flies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 246 ], [ 247, 272 ], [ 273, 450 ], [ 451, 579 ], [ 580, 641 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Isabel Allende Llona", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this author's first novel to be set in the United States, Gregory Reeves fights in the Vietnam War after growing up in a Los Angeles barrio.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isabel_Allende", "proto_id": "5476a2a6ea23cca905512bc6", "qanta_id": 48704, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In this author's first novel to be set in the United States, Gregory Reeves fights in the Vietnam War after growing up in a Los Angeles barrio. The protagonist of another novel by this author befriends a transsexual actress who adopts the name \"Mimi\" and occasionally hooks up with the guerrilla leader Huberto Naranjo before committing to the photojournalist (*) Rolf Carle. This author of The Infinite Plan is best known for a novel in which the green-haired Rosa the Beautiful dies after drinking poisoned brandy. In that novel by this author, Clara breaks her nine-year silence to declare that she will marry Esteban Trueba. For 10 points, name this female Chilean author of Eva Luna and The House of the Spirits.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 375 ], [ 376, 516 ], [ 517, 628 ], [ 629, 717 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Norway [or Kongeriket Norge; or Kongeriket Noreg]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country is the setting of a novel whose unnamed protagonist has a romantic encounter with a woman he gives the mythical name Ylajali; that protagonist nearly eats a pencil out of desperation but refuses a free breakfast from the city because he does not want to reveal his poverty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Norway", "proto_id": "5476a2a7ea23cca905512bd1", "qanta_id": 48715, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This country is the setting of a novel whose unnamed protagonist has a romantic encounter with a woman he gives the mythical name Ylajali; that protagonist nearly eats a pencil out of desperation but refuses a free breakfast from the city because he does not want to reveal his poverty. Another novel set in this country is about a woman who later dies of the plague after breaking off an engagement with Simon Darre to elope with (*) Erlend Nikuasson. The novel Hunger is set in this country, as are The Wreath, The Wife, and The Cross, which make up the Kristin Lavransdatter trilogy. For 10 points, name this home country of Knut Hamsun and Sigrid Undset, as well as the author of Peer Gynt, Henrik Ibsen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 286 ], [ 287, 452 ], [ 453, 586 ], [ 587, 708 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "gold [or Au before it is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the Elsner reaction, this element forms a coordination complex with cyanides.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gold", "proto_id": "5476a2a8ea23cca905512bf0", "qanta_id": 48746, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "In the Elsner reaction, this element forms a coordination complex with cyanides. Relativistic contraction of this metal's outermost s orbital allows it to dimerize, leading to the strongest form of metallophilicity. Among metals, this element has the highest electronegativity and electron affinity, and it has the uncharacteristic oxidation states of +1 and +3. A mixture of nitric and (*) hydrochloric acid dissolves both platinum and this element. A ring of zinc sulfide surrounded a sheet of this element which deflected alpha particles, in the experiment where Rutherford proved the existence of the nucleus. For 10 points, name this noble metal located below silver on the Periodic Table, which has symbol Au.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 215 ], [ 216, 362 ], [ 363, 450 ], [ 451, 613 ], [ 614, 715 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Sweden [or Konungariket Sverige or Svenska stormaktstiden]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This kingdom acceded to Dutch demands by signing the Treaty of Elbing after its 1650s siege of Danzig forced Dutch intervention.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sweden", "proto_id": "5476a2a8ea23cca905512bfa", "qanta_id": 48756, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This kingdom acceded to Dutch demands by signing the Treaty of Elbing after its 1650s siege of Danzig forced Dutch intervention. This kingdom reached its largest territorial extent during its stormaktstiden, or \"great power\" era. This kingdom occupied Poland during a period called the Deluge. One non-native warrior who defected to this kingdom's side, and then fled to Bendery castle in Moldavia, was Cossack hetman (*) Ivan Mazepa. This kingdom, which secured peace with Denmark in the 1700 Peace of Travendal, had a Napoleonic general installed on its throne to begin the House of Bernadotte. It lost the Battle of Poltava under king Charles XII. For 10 points, name this northern European kingdom which lost the Great Northern War to Russia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 229 ], [ 230, 293 ], [ 294, 434 ], [ 435, 596 ], [ 597, 650 ], [ 651, 746 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{iron} [or cast iron; or wrought iron; or pig iron; do not accept \\\"steel\\\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Staffordshire's John Wilkinson got a nickname for being \"mad\" about this product, whose production was made easier by James Beaumont Neilson.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iron", "proto_id": "5476a2a9ea23cca905512c05", "qanta_id": 48767, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Staffordshire's John Wilkinson got a nickname for being \"mad\" about this product, whose production was made easier by James Beaumont Neilson. Henry Cort patented a puddling process to transform this material. Abraham Darby's family made a fortune producing this material. Stephenson's Rocket was often compared to a \"horse\" made of this material. With (*) plate-glass, this material was used to build the Crystal Palace. At the 1866 battle of Lissa, ramming destroyed an Italian ship built from this substance. It is refined using a material called coke in blast furnaces. For 10 points, name this metal which has been used since Zhou dynasty China in its \"pig\" form, which, with carbon, is turned via the Bessemer process into steel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 208 ], [ 209, 271 ], [ 272, 346 ], [ 347, 420 ], [ 421, 510 ], [ 511, 572 ], [ 573, 734 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Washington Irving", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one short story by this author, King Aben Habuz sets up a weathervane to symbolize the instability of his power and, and in another, that king consults an \"Arabian Astrologer\" to secure his kingdom.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Washington_Irving", "proto_id": "5476a2a9ea23cca905512c0a", "qanta_id": 48772, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one short story by this author, King Aben Habuz sets up a weathervane to symbolize the instability of his power and, and in another, that king consults an \"Arabian Astrologer\" to secure his kingdom. This author cited the historiographer Mateo Ximenes to support those stories, which are collected alongside \"Mementos of Boabdil\" and \"The Court of Lions.\" Fictional personae employed by this author of Tales of the (*) Alhambra include Jonathan Oldstyle, Diedrich Knickerbocker, and Geoffrey Crayon, whose \"Sketch Book\" includes the story of the competition for the hand of Katrina Von Tassel between Brom Bones and Ichabod Crane. For 10 points, name this author who described the Headless Horseman in his short story \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 201 ], [ 202, 357 ], [ 358, 632 ], [ 633, 750 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "New Zealand [or Aotearoa]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During one protest in this nation, demonstrators on Molesworth Street wore bicycle helmets to protect against police batons, and in another incident here a Cessna 172 dropped flour bombs on a stadium.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_Zealand", "proto_id": "5476a2aaea23cca905512c29", "qanta_id": 48803, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "During one protest in this nation, demonstrators on Molesworth Street wore bicycle helmets to protect against police batons, and in another incident here a Cessna 172 dropped flour bombs on a stadium. In this nation, Fernando Pereira died during Operation Satanic. This nation was accused of abrogating the Gleneagles Agreement when its leader, Robert Muldoon, allowed the 1981 Springbok tour, pitting its national (*) rugby team against South Africa's. French agents, on President Mitterand's orders, sank the Greenpeace flagship Rainbow Warrior here. After the Flagstaff and Musket Wars, its first governor, William Hobson, signed the vague Treaty of Waitangi with its native population. For 10 points, name this home of the Maori people.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 264 ], [ 265, 453 ], [ 454, 552 ], [ 553, 689 ], [ 690, 740 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Thomas Mann", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novella in which two men decapitate themselves before a statue of Kali, only to have Sita place the wrong heads on each body.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Mann", "proto_id": "5476a2aeea23cca905512c7a", "qanta_id": 48884, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This author wrote a novella in which two men decapitate themselves before a statue of Kali, only to have Sita place the wrong heads on each body. This author created a character who is embarrassed when he is called \"Fraulein\" after making an incorrect move in a dance class and becomes infatuated with Ingeborg Holm. A character created by this author has a dream about a swampland dotted with islands and encounters several (*) red-haired men in straw hats. One of this author's novels depicts the divorces of Antonie from Herr Grunlich and Herr Parmeneder and her brother Christian's quarrels with Tom, which lead to the decline of the title merchant family. One character created by this man dies after consuming some over-ripe strawberries and has a loving obsession with a Polish boy named Tadzio while on vacation. For 10 points, name the author of Buddenbrooks and Death in Venice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 316 ], [ 317, 458 ], [ 459, 660 ], [ 661, 820 ], [ 821, 888 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Dylan Marlais Thomas", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author collaborated with Louise Birt on the screenplay for The Three Weird Sisters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dylan_Thomas", "proto_id": "5476a2b0ea23cca905512c9f", "qanta_id": 48921, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "This author collaborated with Louise Birt on the screenplay for The Three Weird Sisters. One poem by this author describes people being run through by \"the unicorn evils.\" That poem also describes what will happen to corpses \"when their bones are picked clean and the clean bones gone,\" and predicts \"though they sink through the sea they shall rise again\" and \"though lovers be lost (*) love shall not.\" In another poem, he wrote about good men \"crying how bright their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay.\" That poem declares that \"old age should burn and rave at close of day\" and tells its addressee to \"rage, rage against the dying of the light.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"And Death Shall Have No Dominion\" and \"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 170 ], [ 170, 404 ], [ 405, 517 ], [ 518, 660 ], [ 661, 697 ], [ 697, 775 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Tezcatlipoca", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This figure created the first dogs after cutting off the heads of the elderly Tata and Nene and putting them on their rears.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tezcatlipoca", "proto_id": "5476a2b0ea23cca905512ca4", "qanta_id": 48926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This figure created the first dogs after cutting off the heads of the elderly Tata and Nene and putting them on their rears. The Toxcatl ritual involved the sacrifice of a boy who impersonated this figure for a year; at the end of the year, the boy's skull would be put on display and his flesh was eaten by the nobles of the city. This figure, also identified with Tepeyollotl, kidnapped the goddess of (*) flowers, Xochiquetzal, from her husband Tlaloc. This deity lost his foot after he used it as bait for the crocodile Cipactli. This god was overthrown by his greatest rival while ruler of the world of the first sun, after which he turned into a jaguar. This figure carried a magic mirror that gave off smoke, and had a piece of obsidian as a foot. For 10 points, name this Aztec deity, the rival of Quetzalcoatl.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 331 ], [ 332, 455 ], [ 456, 533 ], [ 534, 659 ], [ 660, 754 ], [ 755, 819 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "three", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Connected, Christakis and Fowler claimed that influence spreads over this many degrees in social networks.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "3", "proto_id": "5476a2b0ea23cca905512ca7", "qanta_id": 48929, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "In Connected, Christakis and Fowler claimed that influence spreads over this many degrees in social networks. In Toward Social Renewal, Rudolf Steiner promoted the increased interdependence of this many societal realms, and his educational theory posited this many stages of childhood development. John Carroll's theory of cognitive ability has this many strata. Georges (*) Dum\u00e9zil divided Proto-Indo-European society into this many classes based on their functions. Max Weber's theory of social stratification posits this many factors. Though there are six stages in Kohlberg's model of moral development, they are grouped into this many levels. For 10 points, Auguste Comte divided societies into how many stages?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 297 ], [ 298, 362 ], [ 363, 467 ], [ 468, 537 ], [ 538, 647 ], [ 648, 716 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "George Gershwin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A bassoon announces the main theme in the first movement of a concerto by this composer, which opens with fanfare from the timpani and cymbals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Gershwin", "proto_id": "5476a2b2ea23cca905512cc9", "qanta_id": 48963, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "A bassoon announces the main theme in the first movement of a concerto by this composer, which opens with fanfare from the timpani and cymbals. That work by this composer features a third movement which was called an \"orgy of sound\" and recalls the first movement grandioso. Walter Damrosch frequently conducted premieres for this composer, who called for instruments such as the g\u00fcira to (*) \"take center stage\" at the end of one of his overtures. This composer used a Charleston theme in his Concerto in F and used taxi horns in An American in Paris. For 10 points, name this composer who used a clarinet glissando to open Rhapsody in Blue.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 274 ], [ 275, 448 ], [ 449, 552 ], [ 553, 642 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "War of the Spanish Succession", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At a naval engagement, in this war, the Cumberland was captured, though Richard Edwards still led his smaller force to victory over the fleet of Claude de Forbin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "5476a2b2ea23cca905512cd0", "qanta_id": 48970, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "At a naval engagement, in this war, the Cumberland was captured, though Richard Edwards still led his smaller force to victory over the fleet of Claude de Forbin. A commander in this war was assisted by the forces of Count Overkirk of the Dutch Republic in defeating Francois de Neufville, the Duc de Villeroi. In addition to featuring the Battle of the Lizard and the Battle of (*) Ramillies, this war included a costly victory for one side over Villars and Boufflers and a battle that began with a charge across the Nebel river. At that battle, the Duc de Tallard was captured by forces of the Duke of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy. Fought after the death of the imbecile Charles II and ended by the Treaty of Utrecht, for 10 points, name this war fought to prevent the union of France and a certain Iberian nation", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 310 ], [ 311, 530 ], [ 531, 636 ], [ 637, 818 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One novel by this author opens with soldiers such as Blondy and Fats escorting a group of nuns off a boat and features a woman whose tongue and eyes were eaten by vultures.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mario_Vargas_Llosa", "proto_id": "5476a2b4ea23cca905512cfe", "qanta_id": 49016, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One novel by this author opens with soldiers such as Blondy and Fats escorting a group of nuns off a boat and features a woman whose tongue and eyes were eaten by vultures. In that work by this author, Sergeant Lituma plays Russian Roulette, Adrian Nieves helps a sadistic leper capture a woman called the \"Wildflower,\" and a harp player named Don Anselmo founds the title (*) brothel in the desert. Another of his novels features a military dictator named Cayo Bermudez and begins with a chapter in which a dachshund is clubbed to death at a corrupt dog pound. In that novel by this author of The Green House, Don Fermin's former chauffeur, Ambrosio, meets with an upper class journalist who asks \"At what precise moment had Peru fucked itself up?\" For 10 points, name this author of Conversations in a Cathedral.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 399 ], [ 400, 561 ], [ 562, 749 ], [ 750, 814 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "amines", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The allylic form of this class of molecules is produced from an electron-deficient alkene in the presence of a nucleophile in the aza-Baylis\u0096Hillman reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Amine", "proto_id": "5476a2b4ea23cca905512d03", "qanta_id": 49021, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The allylic form of this class of molecules is produced from an electron-deficient alkene in the presence of a nucleophile in the aza-Baylis\u0096Hillman reaction. Triphenylphosphine is commonly used as a reducing agent in the production of this class of molecule in the Staudinger reaction. Molecules containing this functional group have IR spectra characterized by a broad trough punctuated with spikes in the (*) 3300 inverse centimeter region. Quaternary salts of these compounds may be used as phase transfer catalysts. Potassium phthalimide is a reagent used to create them from primary alkyl halides in the Gabriel synthesis. For 10 points, name this functional group with a nitrogen single bonded to alkyl or aryl groups, derived from ammonia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 286 ], [ 287, 443 ], [ 444, 520 ], [ 521, 628 ], [ 629, 747 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "angular momentum (accept L; accept J; do not accept or prompt on \"momentum\" or \"linear momentum\")", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Schwinger worked out a model of this operator by considering it as two uncoupled harmonic oscillators and showed that combinations of them satisfy the same commutation relations as this quantity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Angular_momentum", "proto_id": "5476a2b5ea23cca905512d10", "qanta_id": 49034, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Schwinger worked out a model of this operator by considering it as two uncoupled harmonic oscillators and showed that combinations of them satisfy the same commutation relations as this quantity. One theorem states that matrix elements of tensor operators in eigenstates of the operator of this quantity can be written as a coefficient term times a term independent of this quantity; that is the Wigner\u0096Eckart (*) theorem. The isotropy of space guarantees conservation of this quantity, and this quantity is the generator of rotations. Spherical harmonics are eigenstates of the operator of this quantity which is time integral of torque. For 10 points, name this quantity given by angular frequency times the moment of inertia, one type of which is spin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 422 ], [ 423, 535 ], [ 536, 638 ], [ 639, 755 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Romance of the Three Kingdoms (or S\u0101ngu\u00f3 y\u01ceny\u00ec; or San-kuo yen-i; do not accept \"Records of the Three Kingdoms\" or \"Sanguozhi\")", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one scene in this novel, a character claims to enjoy his new life too much to think about his former home.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms", "proto_id": "5476a2b5ea23cca905512d14", "qanta_id": 49038, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one scene in this novel, a character claims to enjoy his new life too much to think about his former home. In this novel, the Fledgling Phoenix is killed in an ambush at the Valley of the Fallen Phoenix after switching horses with his master. Another character in this novel tosses his infant son on the ground after one of his generals had risked his life to save the baby. One character in this novel prays to the Big Dipper to relieve his illness but dies anyway at the (*) W\u01d4zh\u00e0ng Plains, although he has a wooden statue of himself made to make his rival think he is still alive. Previously, that character supposedly summons the southeast wind and \"borrows\" arrows with straw boats to win the Battle of Red Cliffs. This novel begins with a rebellion led by Zh\u0101ng Ju\u00e9 and ends with S\u012bm\u01ce Y\u00e1n establishing the J\u00ecn Dynasty. For 10 points, name this M\u00edng Dynasty novel attributed to Lu\u00f3 Gu\u00e0nzh\u014dng.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 245 ], [ 246, 377 ], [ 378, 586 ], [ 587, 722 ], [ 723, 827 ], [ 828, 900 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "IR spectroscopy (or infrared spectroscopy)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Replacing a carbonyl in tetracarbonylnickel with a ligand and performing this technique can give electron donating ability; that technique was pioneered by Chad Tolman on phosphine ligands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Infrared_spectroscopy", "proto_id": "5476a2b5ea23cca905512d1a", "qanta_id": 49044, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Replacing a carbonyl in tetracarbonylnickel with a ligand and performing this technique can give electron donating ability; that technique was pioneered by Chad Tolman on phosphine ligands. Preparation for this procedure may involve grounding the sample into a potassium bromide matrix. Information on pi-backbonding in carbonyl complexes is often obtained using (*) Raman spectroscopy and this technique. In this technique, carbonyl compounds absorb at around 1700 inverse centimeters. This technique studies vibrational modes like wagging, rocking, and scissoring, and has a fingerprint region. For 10 points, name this form of spectroscopy that studies molecular vibrations with light having longer wavelengths than visible light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 286 ], [ 287, 405 ], [ 406, 486 ], [ 487, 596 ], [ 597, 733 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Gerard Manley Hopkins", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A posthumous publication of his poems was arranged by the poet laureate, Robert Bridges.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gerard_Manley_Hopkins", "proto_id": "5476a2b6ea23cca905512d27", "qanta_id": 49057, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "A posthumous publication of his poems was arranged by the poet laureate, Robert Bridges. The first section of Paul Mariani's biography of this man is titled \"We Are So Grafted on His Wood\" and comes from the last line of this man's poem about the Eucharist, \"Barnfloor and Winepress.\" The speaker of one of his sonnets observes, \"Generations have trod, have trod, have trod; / And all is seared with trade.\" One of his poems describes an object that \"drove in the dark to leeward, / She struck\u0097not a reef or rock / But the combs of a smother of sand\" and is dedicated to \"the happy memory of five (*) Franciscan Nuns exiles by the Falk Laws.\" In another of his poems, the subject \"rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing / In his ecstasy\" and is described as a \"dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon.\" For 10 points, name this poet fond of sprung rhythm, who wrote \"The Wreck of the Deutschland\" and \"The Windhover.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 284 ], [ 285, 406 ], [ 406, 482 ], [ 483, 514 ], [ 515, 641 ], [ 641, 720 ], [ 721, 786 ], [ 787, 901 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Sweden (or Sverige)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One saint from this country is credited with creating the Fifteen O's prayer and founded a namesake monastic order which was open to men and women.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sweden", "proto_id": "5476a2b6ea23cca905512d2a", "qanta_id": 49060, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Europe", "text": "One saint from this country is credited with creating the Fifteen O's prayer and founded a namesake monastic order which was open to men and women. Laurentius Andreae played a key role in translating the Bible into the language of this country, and the Reformation was promoted here by the Petri brothers. One ruler of this country founded the Academy of Arcadia after converting to Catholicism and moving to Rome. It's not Ireland, but St. Bridget, one of the patron saints of Europe, hailed from this country. One leader of this country was advised by (*) Axel Oxenstierna and died at the Battle of Lutzen while intervening in the Thirty Year's War; that man was known as the Lion of the North. The Vasa dynasty once ruled, for 10 points, what Lutheran Scandinavian country whose most famous ruler was Gustavus Adolphus?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 305 ], [ 306, 414 ], [ 415, 511 ], [ 512, 696 ], [ 697, 822 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Zoroastrianism (accept Zarathustraism, Mazdaism, or Magianism)", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One sect of this religion derives its teachings from the Saheb-e-Dilan, who are believed to reside near Mount Damavand.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "5476a2b7ea23cca905512d49", "qanta_id": 49091, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "One sect of this religion derives its teachings from the Saheb-e-Dilan, who are believed to reside near Mount Damavand. The Ahuna Vairya is a sacred hymn of this religion that should be recited upon entering a house, according to the Denkard. Members of this religion are initiated through the navjote ceremony, after which they must wear the Sedreh and Kushti. This religion's Book of Arda Viraf describes the journey of Viraf, who is guided through the afterlife by the angel (*) Adar after crossing the Chinvat bridge. An important text of this religion is the Qissa-i Sanjan, which ends with refugees settling in Gujarat and establishing a Fire Temple. This religion's teachings describe the conflict between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu, and its primary sacred texts are collected in the Avesta. For 10 points, name this Persian religion founded by a namesake prophet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 242 ], [ 243, 361 ], [ 362, 521 ], [ 522, 656 ], [ 657, 800 ], [ 801, 873 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Allegro con spirito opening of a composition by this man is disrupted by a minor ninth in the first bar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476a2b8ea23cca905512d5a", "qanta_id": 49108, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "The Allegro con spirito opening of a composition by this man is disrupted by a minor ninth in the first bar. The finale of this composer's fourth symphony, composed in F minor, features the folk song A Birch Stood in the Meadow; earlier in that work, this composer of Souvenir de Florence uses brasses and bassoons to create a booming first movement \"Fate\" motive. In another of his works, the cello soloist gets progressively faster as he plays seven of the titular Variations (*) on a Rococo Theme. This composer used \"Down on the Mother Volga\" to open his second symphony, but this composer of the Pathetique Symphony is best known for a noisy piece that utilizes cannon fire. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the 1812 Overture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 364 ], [ 365, 500 ], [ 501, 679 ], [ 680, 743 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Vienna, Austria", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One artistic movement in this city grew out of the Direct Art Group and one short film from that movement features a montage of bare trees.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vienna", "proto_id": "5476a2b9ea23cca905512d63", "qanta_id": 49117, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "One artistic movement in this city grew out of the Direct Art Group and one short film from that movement features a montage of bare trees. One of the founders of that group was sentenced to prison for covering himself in his own poop and masturbating during an art show. Along with those Actionists, another member of a movement in this city designed the Kubus armchair. One work from the founder of that group in this city features a monkey baring its teeth and three nude women on the left with gold snakes in their hair. Another work by that man features a nude red-headed woman being showered with (*) gold, and he also painted a work with a woman kneeling among green flowers who performs the title action with a man wearing a wreath. For 10 points, name this European city that contained a group of Secessionists led by Gustav Klimt, the capital of Austria.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 271 ], [ 272, 371 ], [ 372, 524 ], [ 525, 740 ], [ 741, 864 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Marc Zakharovich Chagall", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one painting by this artist, a man in a green shirt holds on to a woman in a blue dress as they float above some buildings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marc_Chagall", "proto_id": "5476a2b9ea23cca905512d70", "qanta_id": 49130, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In one painting by this artist, a man in a green shirt holds on to a woman in a blue dress as they float above some buildings. A parachutist floats on the top right of a painting by this man, which features a two-headed man whose left face looks at a vase on a chair. Scenes from Giselle and Boris Godunov adorn a ceiling that this artist of Paris Through the Window painted for one of his commissions. A burning (*) Torah and the Wandering Jew appear in the right side of another painting by this artist, which includes an army with red flags and some guy on a cross. A green man looks into a goat's eyes in another painting by this artist of The White Crucifixion. That painting includes some upside-down houses. For 10 points, name this Belarusian-French artist of I and the Village.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 267 ], [ 268, 402 ], [ 403, 568 ], [ 569, 666 ], [ 667, 714 ], [ 715, 786 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Los Angeles, California", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Case Study House Program began in this city that also housed Irving Gill's Dodge House prior to its demolition.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Los_Angeles", "proto_id": "5476a2bbea23cca905512d8d", "qanta_id": 49159, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "The Case Study House Program began in this city that also housed Irving Gill's Dodge House prior to its demolition. The Morphosis firm was founded by a Pritzker winner based in this city, Thom Mayne. The Mayan Revival Style Ennis House, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is located in this city where his son, Frank Lloyd Wright Jr. was based. An architect associated with this city was passed over for the design of the Museum of Contemporary Art for Arata Isozaki, but later worked with Yasuhisa Toyota on a building in this city that houses a philharmonic led by Gustavo (*) Dudamel. That building in this city had to have its stainless steel exterior sanded down to reduce glare. For 10 points, name this American city, the home of the Walt Disney Concert Hall and the J. Paul Getty Art Museum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 199 ], [ 200, 341 ], [ 342, 584 ], [ 585, 681 ], [ 682, 796 ] ], "tournament": "SUBMIT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Sweden", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This country was home to the only non-American winner of the Hickok Belt, a boxer who TKO'd Floyd Patterson to become world champion in 1959.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sweden", "proto_id": "5476a2beea23cca905512ddf", "qanta_id": 49241, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Norse", "text": "This country was home to the only non-American winner of the Hickok Belt, a boxer who TKO'd Floyd Patterson to become world champion in 1959. In the 1950s, three soccer players from this country all played for AC Milan and acquired the collective nickname \"Gre-No-Li.\" A tennis player from this country once held the record for French Open singles titles, prior to Rafael Nadal's career. A hockey player from this country is the only goalie to start his NHL career with seven thirty-win seasons, and currently starts for the New York Rangers. This country won the 1994 and 2006 men's Olympic hockey golds, the latter with a defenseman who played from 1991 to 2012 for the Detroit Red Wings. For 10 points, name this home country of Ingmar Johannsen, Hendrik Lindqvist, and Nicklas Lidstr\u00f6m.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 268 ], [ 269, 387 ], [ 388, 542 ], [ 543, 690 ], [ 691, 790 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "enthalpy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Dividing this quantity by Avogadro's number to the one third times molar volume to the two thirds and multipliying by a steric coefficient gives specific surface energy according to Stefan's formula.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Enthalpy", "proto_id": "5476a2bfea23cca905512df4", "qanta_id": 49262, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Dividing this quantity by Avogadro's number to the one third times molar volume to the two thirds and multipliying by a steric coefficient gives specific surface energy according to Stefan's formula. This quantity is on the y-axis of a Mollier diagram, where it is plotted against entropy. This quantity is divided by the square of the temperature on the right side of the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, which relates it to Gibbs free energy. The differential of this quantity equals TdS plus VdP. This quantity equals internal energy plus pressure times volume. Only the change in this quantity can actually be measured. For 10 points, name this quantity, a state function computed using Hess's Law.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 289 ], [ 290, 437 ], [ 438, 492 ], [ 493, 557 ], [ 558, 616 ], [ 617, 695 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Ben Jonson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A poem by this author includes the lines \"A lily of a day, Is fairer far in May\" and states that man is not made better by \"growing like a tree /", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ben_Jonson", "proto_id": "5476a2c1ea23cca905512e21", "qanta_id": 49307, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "A poem by this author includes the lines \"A lily of a day, Is fairer far in May\" and states that man is not made better by \"growing like a tree / In bulk.\" He told himself to sing \"Safe from the wolf's black jaw and the dull ass's hoof\" in \"An Ode to Himself.\" In another poem, this author wrote that \"All Parnasus' green did wither\" and \"Pegasus did fly away\" after the invention of \"the rack of finest wits.\" The speaker of one of his poems tells a woman that he sent her \"a rosy wreath\" that \"smells, I swear, / Not of itself, but thee.\" He wrote \"He was not of an age, but for all time!\" in an elegy for another poet. This author of \"A Fit of Rhyme against Rhyme\" addressed \"thou child of my right hand\" in one poem and asked \"Drink to me only with thine eyes\" in another. For 10 points, name this poet of \"On My First Son\" and \"To Celia.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 155 ], [ 156, 260 ], [ 261, 410 ], [ 411, 540 ], [ 541, 591 ], [ 592, 621 ], [ 622, 776 ], [ 777, 843 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Denmark", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One composer from this country repeated the phrase \"Tirilil Tove\" in one of his choral Rose Garden Songs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Denmark", "proto_id": "5476a2c4ea23cca905512e5e", "qanta_id": 49368, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Music", "text": "One composer from this country repeated the phrase \"Tirilil Tove\" in one of his choral Rose Garden Songs. Another composer from this country imitated a cork pop at the beginning of his \"Champagne Galop.\" A composer from this country conducted the premiere of Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor and wrote the overture Echoes of Ossian. The \"Ephphatha Chorus\" ends the opera Antikrist by a composer from this country who also wrote Music of the Spheres. A composer from this country instructed the snare drum to improvise as if to stop the orchestra's progress in his Symphony No. 5. That composer of a noted wind quintet created a battle between sets of timpani in his Symphony No. 4, dubbed \"Inextinguishable.\" For 10 points, name this home country of Niels Gade, Rued Langgaard, and Carl Nielsen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 202 ], [ 202, 346 ], [ 347, 463 ], [ 464, 593 ], [ 594, 722 ], [ 723, 809 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "nitrogen [or N]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Phytoplankton with very high levels of this element are called \"survivalists\" because they are better at acquiring scarce resources.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nitrogen", "proto_id": "5476a2c5ea23cca905512e7b", "qanta_id": 49397, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Phytoplankton with very high levels of this element are called \"survivalists\" because they are better at acquiring scarce resources. Agropyron repens dominated areas high in this element in experiments by David Tilman, which found that early successional species are better at acquiring it. The partner choice and sanctions hypotheses can explain a symbiosis centering around this element. Plants produce leghemoglobin to avoid oxygen poisoning of an enzyme that processes this element. Diazotrophs are able to survive without external sources of this element, and in oceans, the anammox process decreases its availability. This is the most commonly limiting element in terrestrial ecosystems, but most legumes have rhizobial root nodules capable of fixing it into ammonium. For 10 points, name this element whose diatomic form makes up 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 290 ], [ 291, 389 ], [ 390, 486 ], [ 487, 623 ], [ 624, 774 ], [ 775, 867 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{Scotland} [prompt on \u201cUnited Kingdom,\u201d or \u201cGreat Britain,\u201d do not accept \u201cEngland\u201d for obvious reasons]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One poet from this polity authored the collections One Foot in Eden and Chorus of the Newly Dead, and together with his wife Willa Anderson was a notable translator of authors such as Leon Feuchtwanger, Gerhard Hauptmann, and Franz Kafka.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Scotland", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca905512f06", "qanta_id": 49536, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poet from this polity authored the collections One Foot in Eden and Chorus of the Newly Dead, and together with his wife Willa Anderson was a notable translator of authors such as Leon Feuchtwanger, Gerhard Hauptmann, and Franz Kafka. Another poet from this polity was a communist whose volumes included First Hymn to Lenin and who also wrote a long poetic monologue titled \"A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle.\" The title character of an epic poem by a writer from this polity competes with Ralph (*) de Wilton for the love of Clare during the subtitular conflict, while another poem from this polity begins with \"three kings great and high\" swearing to kill the title character. This region was once home to a poet best known for his four-part nature poem titled The Seasons, James Thomson, as well as the authors of Marmion and \"John Barleycorn,\" and several poets from this polity wrote poetry in its native dialect known as lallans. For 10 points, identify this modern-day polity, a country once home to the poets Edwin Muir, Hugh MacDiarmid, and Robert Burns.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 238 ], [ 239, 413 ], [ 414, 681 ], [ 682, 938 ], [ 939, 1066 ] ], "tournament": "Gorilla Lit", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{Gandhi}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One person with this family name published The National Herald; that man's son died in an LTTE suicide bombing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mahatma_Gandhi", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca905512f84", "qanta_id": 49662, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One person with this family name published The National Herald; that man's son died in an LTTE suicide bombing. Another person with this name ruled by decree during \"The Emergency\" and was killed by her guards for ordering Operation (*) Blue Star. Besides Ferdoze and Rajiv, one person with this name preached ahimsa and satyagraha and resisted British rule in India. For 10 points, give this name of Indian leaders like Indira and Mahatma.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 250 ], [ 251, 372 ], [ 373, 445 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP 3", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "diffusion (accept passive transport; accept osmosis before \"gas exchange\")", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One form of this process is regulated by aquaporins. This process causes gas exchange in alveoli, and it distributes nutrients in flatworms.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca905512f88", "qanta_id": 49666, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One form of this process is regulated by aquaporins. This process causes gas exchange in alveoli, and it distributes nutrients in flatworms. Protein channels are required for a \"facilitated\" form of this to occur. Oxygen (*) enters the cell via this process, and osmosis is a type of this process involving water. For 10 points, name this movement of particles from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 216 ], [ 217, 317 ], [ 318, 437 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP 3", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Vishnu", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A scripture about this deity takes the form of a discussion between Maitreya and Parashara, and describes this god rising from the sea inside Brahmanda, an enormous egg.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vishnu", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca905512f93", "qanta_id": 49677, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A scripture about this deity takes the form of a discussion between Maitreya and Parashara, and describes this god rising from the sea inside Brahmanda, an enormous egg. An incarnation of this deity appears to Arjun in the (*) Bhagavad Gita. Rama and Krishna are two of the ten avatars of this god, who often appears blue and with four arms. For 10 points, name this Hindu preserver god, who forms the Trimurti with Brahma and Shiva.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 244 ], [ 245, 345 ], [ 346, 438 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP 3", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Frank Lloyd Wright", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This architect proposed a never built mile-high skyscraper called The Illinois.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Lloyd_Wright", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca905512f9e", "qanta_id": 49688, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This architect proposed a never built mile-high skyscraper called The Illinois. This man's homes in Arizona and Wisconsin were both named for the Welsh bard Taliesin. This architect used Roman brick to emphasize horizontal lines in the exterior of (*) Hyde Park's Robie House. This man designed a Pennsylvania home for Edgar Kaufmann that is cantilevered over a waterfall. For 10 points, name this Prairie House architect of Fallingwater.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 167 ], [ 168, 279 ], [ 280, 376 ], [ 377, 442 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP 3", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Loki", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure's father was Farbauti [far-bahw-tee], and his daughter is the keeper of the dishonorable dead.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Loki", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca905512fac", "qanta_id": 49702, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure's father was Farbauti [far-bahw-tee], and his daughter is the keeper of the dishonorable dead. This god's wife is Sigyn [SIG-in], but through his lover, Angrboda [\"anger\"-boh-dah], this god is the father of three great monsters. Dripping (*) snake venom is used to punish this male mother of Sleipnir, who will break free to lead the giants at Ragnar\u00f6k. He tricked Hodr into killing Frigg's son, Baldr. For 10 points, name this Norse trickster god.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 242 ], [ 243, 253 ], [ 253, 369 ], [ 370, 418 ], [ 419, 465 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP 3", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Spain (accept Reino de Espa\u00f1a)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's expansion was halted when it lost the War of the Quadruple Alliance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca905512fb7", "qanta_id": 49712, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's expansion was halted when it lost the War of the Quadruple Alliance. After its Habsburg ruler, Charles II, died, this country's throne was the subject of a war that included the Battle of Blenheim and Queen Anne's War; that war's end included the signing of the (*) Asiento between Britain and this country. The Bourbon Philip V renounced rule of France in favor of, for 10 points, what Iberian country southwest of France?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 326 ], [ 327, 443 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP 3", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Wars of the Roses (all underlined portions required)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One ruler during these conflicts was captured at the battle of Northampton and then recaptured at the second battle of St. Albans.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wars_of_the_Roses", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca905513012", "qanta_id": 49800, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ruler during these conflicts was captured at the battle of Northampton and then recaptured at the second battle of St. Albans. The winner of these conflicts faced a rebellion by Perkin Warbeck. They ended when Lord (*) Stanley's forces joined in an attack on the over- extended Richard III. The Battle of Bosworth Field decided, for 10 points, what civil wars that resulted in Henry Tudor uniting the English houses of York and Lancaster?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 200 ], [ 201, 298 ], [ 299, 447 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP 3", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Voltaire (or Francois-Marie Arouet)", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author compiled arguments against the Roman Catholic church in his Philosophical Dictionary and argued that \"If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Voltaire", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca90551301c", "qanta_id": 49810, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author compiled arguments against the Roman Catholic church in his Philosophical Dictionary and argued that \"If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him.\" In his most famous work, the idea that \"noses were made to (*) support spectacles\" is advanced by Dr. Pangloss, who believes that this is the \"best of all possible worlds.\" For 10 points, name this French Enlightenment thinker and author of Candide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 350 ], [ 350, 428 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP 3", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Hades} (accept Greek {underworld} or Greco-Roman underworld before that term is read; accept {Tartarus} before \u201cAeneas\u201d is read; prompt on \u201cunderworld\u201d before it is mentioned; prompt on \u201chell\u201d)", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Danaides [dan-AH-ee-dees] pour water into a vast pot in this location, where the Cumaean Sibyl brings Aeneas to meet Anchises [an-KIH-sees].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hades", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca90551301d", "qanta_id": 49811, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Danaides [dan-AH-ee-dees] pour water into a vast pot in this location, where the Cumaean Sibyl brings Aeneas to meet Anchises [an-KIH-sees]. Pirithous is tricked into staying in this location, which contains the river (*) Lethe [LEH-thee], representing oblivion. Elysium and Tartarus are portions of this land. It is reached with help of Charon and guarded by Cerberus, a three-headed dog. Persephone is the queen of, for 10 points, what Greco-Roman underworld ruled by a namesake god?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 228 ], [ 229, 270 ], [ 271, 318 ], [ 319, 398 ], [ 399, 495 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP 3", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The {Elementary Structures of Kinship}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In chapter VII, \"The Archaic Illusion\", the author discusses the relationship between the child and the primitive, citing Freud and Piaget.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_L\u00e9vi-Strauss", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca9055131a8", "qanta_id": 50204, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In chapter VII, \"The Archaic Illusion\", the author discusses the relationship between the child and the primitive, citing Freud and Piaget. In considering Australia, the work characterizes some of its aboriginal societies as \"harmonic and disharmonic regimes.\" Its analysis of China builds on Granet's thory, while ideas on India's \"bone and flesh\" system are compared to Held's theory. The use of MBD and FZD in the Amazon is given as an example of a generalized exchange. This is considered superior to direct forms of exchange or moieties, because it can allow for multiple groups to come together, thus forming the title entities. Positing that rules of marriage arose out of need for promoting alliances between groups, FTP, identify this work of anthropology, written by Claude Levi Strauss.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 260 ], [ 261, 386 ], [ 387, 473 ], [ 474, 634 ], [ 635, 797 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Victor {Hugo}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The poems \"Stella,\" \"The Last Words,\" and the opening work \"Nox,\" are angry poems that contrast dramatically with a collection he wrote late in life on the island of Serk, Songs of the Streets and the Woods.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Victor_Hugo", "proto_id": "5476da91ea23cca9055131c4", "qanta_id": 50232, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The poems \"Stella,\" \"The Last Words,\" and the opening work \"Nox,\" are angry poems that contrast dramatically with a collection he wrote late in life on the island of Serk, Songs of the Streets and the Woods. The culmination of his poetic career, however, wasn't definitively published until 1883 as The Legend of the Ages. Early novels include The Last Day of a Condemned Man and Bug-Jargal which dramatized a slave revolt in Santo Domingo. His dramas include Inez de Castro and he outlined the tenets of romanticism in his \"Preface to Cromwell.\" Probably best remembered for creating such characters as the gypsy Esmerelda, the heroine Cosette, and Inspector Javert, for ten points, identify this author of The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Miserables.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 208, 322 ], [ 323, 440 ], [ 441, 546 ], [ 547, 755 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "The {Ambassadors}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Two semi-persistent images in this work are those of green-bound books, which serve to remind the narrator of his home, and yellow-bound books, which remind him of his youth in the work's main location.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Ambassadors", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513207", "qanta_id": 50299, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two semi-persistent images in this work are those of green-bound books, which serve to remind the narrator of his home, and yellow-bound books, which remind him of his youth in the work's main location. Toward the middle of this novel, one of the title characters is struck with the shock of gray hair now possessed by a man that he meets in an opera box. That opera box is held by Maria Gostrey, whom we meet on a ship bound for London, and that shock of gray hair is possessed by Chad Newsome, whom Lambert Strether has been sent to bring back to Woollett, Massachusetts from Paris. For ten points, name this 1903 novel of Henry James named for the agency exercised by Strether.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 202 ], [ 203, 355 ], [ 356, 584 ], [ 585, 680 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{IR} (or {infrared}) spectroscopy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "For very reactive samples, a type of mull known as nujol can be used to prevent sample decomposition.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Infrared_spectroscopy", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca90551321e", "qanta_id": 50322, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For very reactive samples, a type of mull known as nujol can be used to prevent sample decomposition. For liquids, a sample can be placed between two sodium chloride disks, and for solids, a sample is mixed with potassium bromide and pressed into a thin wafer. It works because molecules often have a large number of distinct vibrations from stretching and bending bonds, and it is useful for analyzing the functional groups in a molecule. Its rightmost region contains the most varied peaks and is known as the fingerprint region. FTP, name this type of spectroscopy measured in inverse centimeters and named for the spectrum between microwaves and visible light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 260 ], [ 261, 439 ], [ 440, 531 ], [ 532, 664 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{density}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The polarization type of this quantity is proportional to the average electric dipole moment.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Density", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513274", "qanta_id": 50408, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The polarization type of this quantity is proportional to the average electric dipole moment. The electric field times the electrical conductivity yields the \"current\" form of this quantity, which is also given as current over cross-sectional area. One type of this quantity is a useful tool for comparing the efficiencies of fuels; that energy variety of this quantity is equal to useful energy divided by volume. Specific gravity relates this quantity between two substances. Name this quantity, which, in its simplest form, is stated as mass over volume.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 248 ], [ 249, 414 ], [ 415, 477 ], [ 478, 557 ] ], "tournament": "SASS", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Alan Mathison {Turing}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man and Donald Bayley created a secure voice communications machine called \"Delilah\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alan_Turing", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513285", "qanta_id": 50425, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man and Donald Bayley created a secure voice communications machine called \"Delilah\". The Chinese Room Experiment was developed by John Searle in response to one of this man's namesake tests. He showed that the halting problem was undecidable. He devised a bombe with Gordon Welchman that found the settings of an Enigma machine. One of this man's eponymous machines which can perform any computing task is his namesake \"complete.\" Name this man, whose eponymous test is used to determine if a machine can exhibit behavior indistinguishable from that of a human.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 196 ], [ 197, 248 ], [ 249, 334 ], [ 335, 436 ], [ 437, 567 ] ], "tournament": "SASS", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{alkene}s [or {olefin}s]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Editor's Note: \"alkynes\" rhymes with \"al-fines\" Performing hydroboration on these compounds results in anti-Markovnikov addition of a hydroxyl group.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkene", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca90551328f", "qanta_id": 50435, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Editor's Note: \"alkynes\" rhymes with \"al-fines\" Performing hydroboration on these compounds results in anti-Markovnikov addition of a hydroxyl group. Reacting mCPBA with this functional group produces epoxides in the Prilezhaev reaction. When compounds with this functional group also possess an adjacent hydroxyl group, they can tautomerize into ketones. Ziegler-Natta catalysts are used to polymerize these compounds, and a cyclic variety of one of these compounds is produced in the Birch reduction. Hydrogen gas and Lindlar's catalyst form the cis version of these compounds from alkynes. They exhibit sp2 hybridization, and the general formula for these compounds is CnH2n. The simplest example of these compounds is ethylene. Name these compounds which contain a carbon-carbon double bond.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 238 ], [ 239, 356 ], [ 357, 503 ], [ 504, 593 ], [ 594, 679 ], [ 680, 732 ], [ 733, 796 ] ], "tournament": "SASS", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "(Tsar) Peter The Great (accept Peter the First or Peter Romanov, prompt Peter, Peter can be pronounced Pyoter)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At the beginning of this man's reign, he shared power with his very ill half- brother under the regency of his half-sister Sophia, who allowed decisions to be made by her lover Vasily Gallitzin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513629", "qanta_id": 51135, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the beginning of this man's reign, he shared power with his very ill half- brother under the regency of his half-sister Sophia, who allowed decisions to be made by her lover Vasily Gallitzin. He later took complete control and, when Patriarch Adrian died, this leader did not replace him and eventually formed a Holy Synod which made the church a government department. He increased his territories with the Treaty of Nystad at the end of the Great Northern War against Sweden and moved his capital into the new territory. Name this 17th and 18th Century Tsar who tried to modernize Russia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 372 ], [ 373, 525 ], [ 526, 593 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "(The) Trial (or (Der) Prozess)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel is shown by a hunchbacked girl how to find the very small apartment of the painter Titorelli.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Trial", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca90551363b", "qanta_id": 51153, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this novel is shown by a hunchbacked girl how to find the very small apartment of the painter Titorelli. At the beginning of this work, the protagonist is waiting for Mrs. Grubach's cook to bring him breakfast when two men show up instead. The two men are later flogged, and the first section of the book is titled Arrest. This novel was published in 1925, the year after its author died. Name this work featuring Joseph K by Franz Kafka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 258 ], [ 259, 341 ], [ 342, 407 ], [ 408, 457 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Xylem", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This object is made of vessel elements and tracheids, the latter of which has cell walls with a lot of lignin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Xylem", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca90551365e", "qanta_id": 51188, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This object is made of vessel elements and tracheids, the latter of which has cell walls with a lot of lignin. The vessels, which do not appear in ferns or conifers, are cylindrical, are generally less than one centimeter in diameter, and are useful when the cell contents die. There are two types of this tissue, with the secondary type typically growing inward from the vascular cambium. Though it also provides structure to plants, its primary purpose is to transport water and nutrients throughout a plant. Name this tissue often contrasted with phloem.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 277 ], [ 278, 389 ], [ 390, 510 ], [ 511, 557 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "(Frank) {Gehry} (accept Goldberg)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Some of this person's early works were sold under the brand names Easy Edges and Rough Edges, and other products he mass produced were named after hockey terms.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Gehry", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513670", "qanta_id": 51205, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some of this person's early works were sold under the brand names Easy Edges and Rough Edges, and other products he mass produced were named after hockey terms. He designed the Chiat/Day Building and a nearby house that has a lookout pod facing Venice Beach. His Nationale-Nederlanden, nicknamed Ginger and Fred, is in Prague. Other well known works by him are the Experience Music Project and Bilbao Guggenheim. Name this architect who designed the BP Pedestrian Bridge and Jay Pritzker Pavilion in Grant Park in Chicago.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 258 ], [ 259, 326 ], [ 327, 412 ], [ 413, 522 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "(Pablo) Picasso", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this artist's earliest displayed works was a portrait of himself with uncombed hair that he completed at the age of fifteen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Picasso", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca90551367e", "qanta_id": 51219, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this artist's earliest displayed works was a portrait of himself with uncombed hair that he completed at the age of fifteen. The self portrait he made seventy-six years later showed him with red hair and large eyes, one of which is pink. He also showed uneven eyes in his portrait of Gertrude Stein. Some of his other works are Three Musicians, Le Demoiselles d'Avignon, The Old Guitarist, and Guernica. Name this painter who went through Rose, Blue and Cubist Periods.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 244 ], [ 245, 306 ], [ 307, 410 ], [ 411, 476 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "(John Stuart) Mill", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher was a major supporter of the National Society for Women's Suffrage, and one of his later essays was titled The Subjection of Women.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Stuart_Mill", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513687", "qanta_id": 51228, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher was a major supporter of the National Society for Women's Suffrage, and one of his later essays was titled The Subjection of Women. His best known work examines, \"The nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual,\" and warns about the tyranny of the majority. This writer's father was a friend of Jeremy Bentham, and Bentham's influence is obvious in this man's Utilitarianism. Name this 19th Century British philosopher who wrote On Liberty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 328 ], [ 329, 446 ], [ 447, 511 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "(Haruki) Murakami (prompt Haruki)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's novels features a seventeen-year-old named Kizuki who commits suicide and is named after his girlfriend's favorite song.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Haruki_Murakami", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055136a4", "qanta_id": 51257, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's novels features a seventeen-year-old named Kizuki who commits suicide and is named after his girlfriend's favorite song. Another features an unemployed man who can't find his wife's cat and then can't find his wife. A more recent work features an old man who makes money by finding cats. Name this sixty-year-old Japanese author of Norwegian Wood, The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, and Kafka on the Shore.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 236 ], [ 237, 308 ], [ 309, 420 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "(Maria Ludwig Michael) {Mies} van der Rohe (prompt partial answers)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's first project, the Riehl House, was completed when he was twenty- one, and he was closely associated with a school then known as the Armour Institute, where he designed the buildings and the curriculum.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055136b7", "qanta_id": 51276, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's first project, the Riehl House, was completed when he was twenty- one, and he was closely associated with a school then known as the Armour Institute, where he designed the buildings and the curriculum. Many of his works are in the Lafayette Park neighborhood of Detroit. This designer worked with Philip Johnson and used many non-structural I-beams in his best-known New York City work, the Seagram Building. Name this architect of the Farnsworth House and many Illinois Institute of Technology buildings who often said, \"Less is more.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 214, 282 ], [ 283, 420 ], [ 421, 548 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "(David) Ricardo", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This economist blamed inflation on the Bank of England issuing too many banknotes during the bullion controversy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Ricardo", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055136c0", "qanta_id": 51285, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This economist blamed inflation on the Bank of England issuing too many banknotes during the bullion controversy. He later wrote An Essay on the Influence of a Low Price of Corn on the Profits of Stock, which explained the law of diminishing returns and the concept of comparative advantage. Name this economist whose On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation concluded that rent increases as population increases.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 291 ], [ 292, 424 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "(Ivan) Turgenev", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this writer's short stories is named after the dog of a deaf mute.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_Turgenev", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055136c1", "qanta_id": 51286, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this writer's short stories is named after the dog of a deaf mute. Another is named after two peasants who are friends with each other but have very different outlooks, Khor and Kalinych. His best-known novel includes a character named Pavel who dislikes his nephew's friend Yevgeny Bazarov, who is a nihilist. Pavel's brother Nikolai Kirsanov has recently fathered a child, and his other son Arkady has recently returned from college. Name this author of the short story Mumu, the story collection A Sportsman's Sketches, and the novel Fathers and Sons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 194 ], [ 195, 317 ], [ 318, 442 ], [ 443, 505 ], [ 506, 561 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Oscar {Wilde}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, the title character causes the suicide of a Syrian captain, whose blood remains on the floor and agitates another character who thinks it's a bad omen to dance in blood.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oscar_Wilde", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513743", "qanta_id": 51414, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, the title character causes the suicide of a Syrian captain, whose blood remains on the floor and agitates another character who thinks it's a bad omen to dance in blood. Another concerns a woman's sacrifice of her reputation for the sake of another's marriage, while another is about the friend of Algernon, Jack. This author of such plays as Salome and An Ideal Husband wrote just one novel, in which Sibyl Vane dies after being insulted. FTP name this author of Lady Windermere's Fan, The Importance of Being Earnest, and The Picture of Dorian Gray.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 344 ], [ 345, 470 ], [ 471, 582 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVI", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Arnolfini Wedding} Accept The {Arnolfini Portrait} or The {Arnolfini Marriage} or anything else that expresses the general idea of some merchant named Arnolfini getting married", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Small sculptures depicted in this painting include a praying human, as well as two gargoyle-like creatures on a chair in the background.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnolfini_Portrait", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513745", "qanta_id": 51416, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Small sculptures depicted in this painting include a praying human, as well as two gargoyle-like creatures on a chair in the background. A feather-duster hangs near the human sculpture, and a close look at this painting reveals a second window that is often ignored. The signature on this painting notes that its artist \"fuit hic\" [FU-it HEEC] or \"was here,\" and that signature is above a mirror in which the artist can be seen. Below the mirror is the chair, in front of which there are red sandals which vaguely resemble another pair in the foreground. FTP name this painting depicting the title event by Jan van Eyck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 266 ], [ 267, 428 ], [ 429, 554 ], [ 555, 620 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVI", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Scarlet Letter}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, John Wilson instigates some of the persecution of the main character, who earlier rejects assistance from the beadle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Scarlet_Letter", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513762", "qanta_id": 51445, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, John Wilson instigates some of the persecution of the main character, who earlier rejects assistance from the beadle. The protagonist is also distressed at being recognized by a man who has come to town with an Indian, to whom her backstory is revealed. Eventually, the protagonist's charitable works and quiet acceptance garner her favor among the same villagers who exiled her. However, Roger Chillingworth, her husband, eventually discovers that Arthur Dimmesdale, the town preacher, is the father of her daughter Pearl. FTP, name this Nathaniel Hawthorne novel about Hester Prynne's punishment for adultery.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 268 ], [ 269, 394 ], [ 395, 538 ], [ 539, 626 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVI", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Achille-Claude {Debussy}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his first major works was an irregular String Quartet in G Minor which utilized the Phrygian mode.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513776", "qanta_id": 51465, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his first major works was an irregular String Quartet in G Minor which utilized the Phrygian mode. Each piano etude in his set of twelve is geared towards a different technical development, including repeated notes, sixths, and octaves. He made use of the whole tone scale in works like his piano Arabesques. His orchestral works include one with the movement \"Play of the Waves\" and another based on a Mallarme poem. FTP, name this French composer of La Mer and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun. |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 243 ], [ 244, 315 ], [ 316, 424 ], [ 425, 515 ], [ 515, 516 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVI", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Ambassadors}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The floor design in this painting is modeled on the Cosmati pavement in Westminster Abbey, and an unused oriental rug is lying on the top shelf.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Ambassadors", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513784", "qanta_id": 51479, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The floor design in this painting is modeled on the Cosmati pavement in Westminster Abbey, and an unused oriental rug is lying on the top shelf. In the upper left corner of the painting, there is a crucifix that is partially obscured by the green curtain. The shelves in the center of the painting contain a sundial, a lyre, and two globes, among other things. There also is an anamorphic skull on the floor. FTP, name this Hans Holbein painting depicting the title men, one in clerical clothing and the other in court regalia. |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 255 ], [ 256, 360 ], [ 361, 408 ], [ 409, 537 ], [ 537, 538 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVI", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{R}ichard {Strauss} Prompt on Strauss", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His early works include the symphony Aus Italien, and he changed his primary influences after meeting with Alexander Ritter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Strauss", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513793", "qanta_id": 51494, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His early works include the symphony Aus Italien, and he changed his primary influences after meeting with Alexander Ritter. The tone-poem Don Juan helped launch his career, while his first two operas, Gunstram and Feuersnot, were unsuccessful. He achieved greater success with his next two operas, based on plays by Oscar Wilde and Sophocles, the latter composed with a new librettist. This man, whose final work was Four Last Songs, would go on to work with Hugo van Hoffmanstahl for several years. FTP name this German composer of Salome, Also Sprach Zarathustra, and Der Rosenkavalier. |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 244 ], [ 245, 386 ], [ 387, 500 ], [ 501, 599 ], [ 599, 600 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVI", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Catch-22}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel includes one character who takes apart a stove and puts it together piece by piece, as well as another character who is Mayor of Cairo and buys all Egyptian cotton in existence, much to the chagrin of his Syndicate, M & M Enterprises.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catch-22", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055137c2", "qanta_id": 51541, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel includes one character who takes apart a stove and puts it together piece by piece, as well as another character who is Mayor of Cairo and buys all Egyptian cotton in existence, much to the chagrin of his Syndicate, M & M Enterprises. When he strikes a deal with the Germans, that man, Milo Minderbinder, bombs his own men at Pianosa for profit. This novel's sequel, Closing Time, describes the protagonist decades after he has escaped Colonel Cathcart's endless bombing missions. FTP, name this novel by Joseph Heller featuring Major Major Major Major and Yossarian. |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 245 ], [ 246, 356 ], [ 357, 491 ], [ 492, 588 ], [ 588, 589 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVI", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Nadine {Gordimer}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author's previous collection is named for a story in which a man finds a mirror before being figuratively attacked by his Hokusai painting after the largest earthquake ever recorded, Loot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055137cf", "qanta_id": 51554, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author's previous collection is named for a story in which a man finds a mirror before being figuratively attacked by his Hokusai painting after the largest earthquake ever recorded, Loot. Her most recent novel follows an ecologist with a thyroid condition, Get a Life. A more famous work written twenty-five years earlier contains Maureen Smales, who follows the titular servant out of Johannesburg. FTP, name this founding member of the Congress of South African writers and 1991 Nobel Laureate, the author of The Conservationist and July's People. |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 274 ], [ 275, 405 ], [ 406, 565 ], [ 565, 566 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVI", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Eero {Saarinen}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man moved to the United States because his father got a job at the University of Michigan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eero_Saarinen", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055137d9", "qanta_id": 51564, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man moved to the United States because his father got a job at the University of Michigan. After studying abroad, he returned to teach at the Cranbrook Academy of Art and collaborated with graduate Charles Eames on an exhibit titled Organic Design in Home Furnishings. He went on to design chairs for Knoll Associates, and the majority of his projects are sculpture-like. His buildings include a hockey rink at Yale and the GM Technical Center. He also designed the John Deere headquarters and Dulles International Airport. FTP name this Finnish architect of the TWA Terminal at JFK and the Gateway Arch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 273 ], [ 274, 376 ], [ 377, 449 ], [ 450, 528 ], [ 529, 609 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVI", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Night Watch} or The {Shooting Company of Captain Franz Banning Cocq} or {The Company of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The cut-off portions of this painting depict two new characters and complete the image of the step and balustrade.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Night_Watch", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055137e8", "qanta_id": 51579, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The cut-off portions of this painting depict two new characters and complete the image of the step and balustrade. The interplay of light and shadow in this painting obscures the flag but instead emphasizes a girl who holds a goblet while her belt holds a pistol and a dead chicken. The yellow-clad girl symbolizes the Arquebusiers, and the two men to her right are the officers of the company. FTP, name this Rembrandt painting that actually depicts a daytime scene. |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 282 ], [ 283, 394 ], [ 395, 477 ], [ 477, 478 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVI", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{readymades} of Marcel Duchamp (prompt on less specific answers like \u201cworks by Marcel Duchamp\u201d)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Examples of these include ones titled Pulled at 4 pins and 50 cc of Paris Air, which actually contained air from Paris brought to New York.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Duchamp", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055137f4", "qanta_id": 51591, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Examples of these include ones titled Pulled at 4 pins and 50 cc of Paris Air, which actually contained air from Paris brought to New York. One is a snow shovel with the title In advance of the broken arm painted onto it, and another is a bicycle wheel mounted by its fork on a painted stool. More famous examples of these works of art include a postcard of the Mona Lisa with a goatee and moustache painted on titled L.H.O.O.Q. and a porcelain urinal with the inscription \"R. Mutt\" titled Fountain. Simply ordinary objects modified in strange way were the basis of, for 10 points, what works of \"retinal art\" created by Marcel Duchamp.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 175 ], [ 176, 292 ], [ 293, 499 ], [ 500, 636 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Arrhenius} equation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One model that describes how viscosity changes with temperature in amorphous materials takes the form of this equation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arrhenius_equation", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055137f6", "qanta_id": 51593, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One model that describes how viscosity changes with temperature in amorphous materials takes the form of this equation. The Eyring-Polanyi equation is an alternative to this equation based on transition state theory. One term in this equation is sometimes referred to as the steric factor and is derived from collision theory. This equation contains the negative exponential of the activation energy divided by the product of the universal gas constant and temperature, along with a term called the pre-exponential factor. For 10 points, name this equation of chemical kinetics that calculates a reaction's rate constant, developed by a Swedish chemist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 216 ], [ 217, 326 ], [ 327, 522 ], [ 523, 653 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{viscosity} or {viscous} force", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Instruments called rheometers measure this force. Isaac Newton stated this force times the velocity gradient in the perpendicular direction equals the shear stress.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca90551380e", "qanta_id": 51617, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Instruments called rheometers measure this force. Isaac Newton stated this force times the velocity gradient in the perpendicular direction equals the shear stress. Stokes law contains a term equal to six pi times this force times a sphere's radius times its velocity. This force is accounted for in the denominator of Reynolds number and is variable in non-Newtonian fluids. There are dynamic and kinematic forms of this property; the dynamic form is expressed as mass divided by length multiplied by time, where one Pascal second is equal to ten poise. For 10 points, name this force that describes a fluid's resistance to movement", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 268 ], [ 269, 375 ], [ 376, 554 ], [ 555, 633 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{auxin}s (accept {indole-3-acetic acid} before mentioned)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of the main actions of this hormone is described by the acid growth hypothesis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auxin", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513817", "qanta_id": 51626, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the main actions of this hormone is described by the acid growth hypothesis. By activating proton pumps in the cell membrane, this hormone causes the pH of the cell wall to decrease, ultimately making it more elastic. They also can induce ethylene synthesis in high concentrations and inhibit senescene and abscission. Indole-3-acetic acid is the prominent example of this group of hormones, which help ensure that the main stem of the plant grows the most by inhibiting development of the lateral buds. For 10 points, name this class of plant hormones which promote cell division and maintain apical dominance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 224 ], [ 225, 325 ], [ 326, 510 ], [ 511, 618 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Shiva}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god who is said to live in a peak in the Himalayas known as Mount Kailasa is worshiped through the phallic lingam symbol.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shiva", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513820", "qanta_id": 51635, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god who is said to live in a peak in the Himalayas known as Mount Kailasa is worshiped through the phallic lingam symbol. One form of this god, Nataraja, is also known for holding the sacred hourglass shaped drum whose rhythm the Universe supposedly originated from. He obtained his blue throat after he drank all the poison churned up in the world ocean. This god who has the Ganges running through his hair burned Kama with his third eye. When this god's son would not let him see his wife, he cut off his head in anger and replaced it with the elephant head of Ganesha. For 10 points, name this Hindu destroyer god who forms the trimurti along with Vishnu and Brahma.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 271 ], [ 272, 360 ], [ 361, 445 ], [ 446, 577 ], [ 578, 675 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "ANSWER: {Meiji Restoration}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This event grew out of an alliance between the Choshu domain and another domain that had joined forces due to their mutual connection with Emperor Komei.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Meiji_Restoration", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513830", "qanta_id": 51650, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This event grew out of an alliance between the Choshu domain and another domain that had joined forces due to their mutual connection with Emperor Komei. It was resisted by the White Tiger Corps and Northern Alliance, and also saw the formation of the short lived Ezo Republic through the Boshin War. In addition to the creation of the Charter Oath, this event also saw the passage of a constitution modeled on Prussia's. It also saw the end of the feudal \"han\" system and the beginning of privatization of land. For 10 points, identify this event of the mid 19th century that saw the overthrow of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the modernization of Japan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 300 ], [ 301, 421 ], [ 422, 512 ], [ 513, 652 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "George {Gordon}, Lord {Byron} (accept either underlined part)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's poems, the title character interacts with seven spirits and a chamois hunter, while another poem calls the title character \"the first to welcome/ foremost to defend\" and laments its death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lord_Byron", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513846", "qanta_id": 51672, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's poems, the title character interacts with seven spirits and a chamois hunter, while another poem calls the title character \"the first to welcome/ foremost to defend\" and laments its death. In addition to \"Epitaph to a Dog\" and \"Manfred\", this author wrote a travelogue in four cantos describing his own travels while narrated by the title character. He also wrote a mock epic about a womanizing Spaniard. For 10 points, name this poet of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan (pronounced Don Ju-won).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 370 ], [ 371, 425 ], [ 426, 523 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{One Hundred Years of Solitude} (accept {Cien a\u00f1os de soledad})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel ascends to heaven when she goes outside to hang sheets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca90551385a", "qanta_id": 51692, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel ascends to heaven when she goes outside to hang sheets. Another character is affected by pica and enters her new family carrying her parents' bones in a bag. In addition to Rebeca and Remedios, another character has an affair with his aunt Amaranta and is shot by a conservative captain. A massacre in this novel kills all striking workers except a man who studies Melquiades named Jos\u00e9 Arcadio Segundo. The central family in this novel is led by \u00darsula Iguar\u00e1n and its third generation sees seventeen men named Aureliano Buend\u00eda. For ten points, name this novel by Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 185 ], [ 186, 315 ], [ 316, 431 ], [ 432, 558 ], [ 559, 617 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Grapes of Wrath}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one scene in this work, yellow paint is used in an attempt to hide the poor conditions of a gas station.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Grapes_of_Wrath", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513861", "qanta_id": 51699, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one scene in this work, yellow paint is used in an attempt to hide the poor conditions of a gas station. One character first meets up with Muley Graves; another character dies in an area belonging to Ivy and Sairy Wilson. In another chapter, a truck deliberately swerves out of its way to run over a turtle. After the death of the former Reverend Jim Casy, one character notes that whenever there is police brutality or hungry people fighting for food, \"I'll be there\". This novel ends with Rose of Sharon giving birth to a stillborn child. For 10 points, name this work that chronicles the travels of the Joad family to California, a novel by John Steinbeck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 224 ], [ 225, 310 ], [ 311, 472 ], [ 473, 543 ], [ 544, 662 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Aida}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Near the end of act one of this opera, the titular character sings the aria Ritorna vincitor for her lover, who is going off to war.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aida", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513869", "qanta_id": 51707, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Near the end of act one of this opera, the titular character sings the aria Ritorna vincitor for her lover, who is going off to war. That protagonist later sings the aria O patria mia before her wedding, though the event is interrupted by her father Amonasro. Other characters in this opera include Amneris, the protagonist's rival in love, and the high priest Ramfis, who condemns the protagonist's lover Radames to death. Taking place in Egypt, for 10 points, name this opera by Giuseppe Verdi about the titular Ethiopian princess who is buried alive with her lover.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 259 ], [ 260, 423 ], [ 424, 568 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Michael {Foucault}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher refers to the physical, administrative, and institutional mechanisms as dispositif and refers to practices of public health as biopower.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michel_Foucault", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca90551387d", "qanta_id": 51727, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher refers to the physical, administrative, and institutional mechanisms as dispositif and refers to practices of public health as biopower. The way citizens are used to fulfill policies was first developed by this philosopher as governmentality. A discussion of Velazquez's Las Meninas opens one work by this man. In another work, this philosopher of The History of Sexuality developed his social theory of panopticism, a prison in which a single guard can view all of the prisoners without the prisoners realizing that they are watched. For 10 points, name this French philosopher who wrote The Order of Things and Discipline and Punish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 259 ], [ 260, 327 ], [ 328, 551 ], [ 552, 652 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{polymer} (prompt on \u201cmacromolecule\u201d)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One example of this general class of molecules is synthesized using a titanium aluminum compound called the Ziegler-Natta catalyst.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymer", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca90551387f", "qanta_id": 51729, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One example of this general class of molecules is synthesized using a titanium aluminum compound called the Ziegler-Natta catalyst. A diad is a unit found in these molecules, whose stereochemistry can be described as syndiotactic and isotactic. One example of these molecules formed from the elimination reaction of phenol with formaldehyde is called Bakelite. Those made up of sugars can contain 1,4 glycosidic bonds while another is formed from isoprene subunits. For 10 points, name these molecules that include PVC, nylon and rubber which are composed of many monomers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 244 ], [ 245, 360 ], [ 361, 465 ], [ 466, 573 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{moment of inertia}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity can be calculated for rigid bodies by taking this quantity around a central axis and then adding the term mass times radius squared, a process known as the parallel axis theorem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moment_of_inertia", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513888", "qanta_id": 51738, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity can be calculated for rigid bodies by taking this quantity around a central axis and then adding the term mass times radius squared, a process known as the parallel axis theorem. In its simplest definition, this quantity can be found by integrating the square of distance between an object's center of mass and the axis of rotation in terms of the object's mass. The time derivative of this quantity is torque and for a sphere, this quantity is equal to two fifths mass times radius squared. Symbolized I, for 10 points, name this physical quantity which describes an object's resistance to changes in its angular momentum, the rotational analogue of mass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 376 ], [ 377, 505 ], [ 506, 670 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Mario {Vargas Llosa}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Maclovia delivers an address from Pantiland praising the title character for his organization in this author's novel Captain Pantoja and the Special Service.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mario_Vargas_Llosa", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138ad", "qanta_id": 51774, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Maclovia delivers an address from Pantiland praising the title character for his organization in this author's novel Captain Pantoja and the Special Service. The Counselor loses to the Throat-Slitter in another work, while Zavalita and Don Berm\u00fadez are contrasted in a work set in a brothel, Conversation in the Cathedral. This author of The War of the End of the World is better known for a work narrated by Mario about Pedro Camacho's radio works. For ten points, identify this Peruvian author of Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 322 ], [ 323, 449 ], [ 450, 531 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Walt {Whitman}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this poet describes a boy walking along a beach who hears the song of a mockingbird.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walt_Whitman", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138b2", "qanta_id": 51779, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this poet describes a boy walking along a beach who hears the song of a mockingbird. He also wrote a poem that describes a common farmer who is the father of five sons in which the narrator states \"the armies of those I love engirth me\". In another work by this man, the bugles trill for an individual whose lips are pale and still. This man also wrote a poem that states \"every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you\" after saying \"I celebrate myself\". For 10 points, name this American poet who wrote works like \"I Sing the Body Electric\" and \"Song of Myself\" in his collection Leaves of Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 249 ], [ 250, 344 ], [ 345, 470 ], [ 471, 613 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Salvador {Dali}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted four slices of the titular foodstuff with butter in the painting", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salvador_Dal\u00ed", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138b3", "qanta_id": 51780, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist depicted four slices of the titular foodstuff with butter in the painting The Basket of Bread and worked with the director Luis Bunuel on a film that opens with a razor slicing an eye. The creator of works such as Soft Construction with Boiled Beans and The Hallucinogenic Toreador, this painter created a depiction of the crucifixion with cubes in Corpus Hypercubus. Cubes are again featured in the \"disintegration\" of his most famous work, which features a desert landscape and a certain device swarmed with ants. For 10 points, name this surrealists artist who depicted melting clocks in The Persistence of Memory.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 196 ], [ 197, 379 ], [ 380, 527 ], [ 528, 629 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{angular momentum} (do not accept \u201cmomentum\u201d)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "For certain special cases, this quantity is proportional to the cross product of a particles position r with the gradient operator.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Angular_momentum", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138b6", "qanta_id": 51783, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For certain special cases, this quantity is proportional to the cross product of a particles position r with the gradient operator. For an electron, this quantity is determined by its azimuthal quantum number. In quantum mechanics, values of this quantity are equal to whole number multiples of the reduced Planck's constant. The time derivative of this quantity is torque, and this quantity can be defined as the product of the moment of inertia with angular velocity or the cross product of position with mass times velocity. For 10 points, name this quantity associated with rotational motion whose conservation forms the basis of Kepler's second law.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 209 ], [ 210, 325 ], [ 326, 527 ], [ 528, 654 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Hadrian} or Publius Aelius {Hadrian}us", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Just before taking power, this man was accused of being in a plot to kill four rivals, including Syrian governor Cornelius Palma.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hadrian", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138bd", "qanta_id": 51790, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Just before taking power, this man was accused of being in a plot to kill four rivals, including Syrian governor Cornelius Palma. After being originally designed by Marcus Agrippa, the Pantheon was almost entirely rebuilt during the rule of this man. During his reign, Rabbi Akiva co-led the Bar Kokhba revolt during the Second Roman-Jewish War. The third of the Five Good Emperors, this man commissioned the construction of a structure later surpassed by Antoninus Pius which stretched 73 miles from Segedunum to Solway Firth. For 10 points, name this Roman Emperor who names a defensive wall found in Great Britain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 250 ], [ 251, 345 ], [ 346, 527 ], [ 528, 617 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Pablo {Neruda} (accept {Basoalto})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his poems, this man describes an object as \"round rose of water/ upon/ the table/ of the poor\", while another work describes the title substance as \"dust of the sea.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138cc", "qanta_id": 51805, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his poems, this man describes an object as \"round rose of water/ upon/ the table/ of the poor\", while another work describes the title substance as \"dust of the sea.\" A lengthy poem by him states, \"rise up and be born with me, my brother\", and reacts to reaching an Incan ruin. This author of Elemental Odes and \"The Heights of Macchu Picchu\" is better known for a collection of poems which includes one that begins, \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines.\" For 10 points, name this Chilean poet of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 287 ], [ 288, 466 ], [ 466, 549 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Norway}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel from this nation, Inger-Johanna falls in love with Grip despite her father's objections.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Norway", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138d0", "qanta_id": 51809, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel from this nation, Inger-Johanna falls in love with Grip despite her father's objections. In another novel from this country, Inger kills her harelipped child and lies to Isak about it. In addition to The Family at Gilje, written by Jonas Lie, and The Growth of the Soil, this nation is known for a writer who created John Gabriel Borkman and Hjalmar Ekdal, as well as the wife of Torvald Helmer. For ten points, identify this nation, home to the author of Hunger, Knut Hamsun, and the author of A Doll's House, playwright Henrik Ibsen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 197 ], [ 198, 408 ], [ 409, 548 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Auguste {Rodin}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man sculpted a bust of a Man with a Broken Nose and created an armless torso in The Walking Man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138db", "qanta_id": 51820, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man sculpted a bust of a Man with a Broken Nose and created an armless torso in The Walking Man. He also created a Monument to Balzac. Another collection of scenes by this man includes a work that depicts an incident when Count Ugolino ate his children. Other works of this man include one with six wealthy figures from a French town facing imminent death. His unfinished work The Gates of Hell features such sculptures as The Kiss and one of a seated figure with his chin on his hand. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of such bronze works such as The Burghers of Calais and The Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 139 ], [ 140, 258 ], [ 259, 361 ], [ 362, 490 ], [ 491, 600 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sir Walter {Scott}, 1st Baronet", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Varney murders his employer's wife Amy Robsart at the end of this author's novel Kenilworth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walter_Scott", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138e4", "qanta_id": 51829, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Varney murders his employer's wife Amy Robsart at the end of this author's novel Kenilworth. This author of The Fair Maid of Perth wrote a novel in which Effie is saved from death row by her sister Jeanie Deans. In the title novel of a series by him, the central character is rejected by Flora Mac Ivor and ends up fighting with Bonnie Prince Charlie for the Jacobites. The Heart of Midlothian was one of this author's Waverley novels, as was a work in which the title character kills Rashleigh, allowing the marriage of Diana Vernon and Frank Osbaldistone. For 10 points, name this author of The Bride of Lammermoor and Rob Roy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 211 ], [ 212, 369 ], [ 370, 557 ], [ 558, 629 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Marathon}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One side in this battle had been plotting with the exiled tyrant Hippias.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Marathon", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138eb", "qanta_id": 51836, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One side in this battle had been plotting with the exiled tyrant Hippias. Taking place along the Charadra River, this battle was the decisive victory during an invasion prompted by the Ionian revolts. One side in this battle was led by Miltiades the Younger while another side was led by Artaphernes and Datis, general of the Achaemenid Emperor Darius I. However, this battle is typically remembered for the actions later taken by Pheilippides. For 10 points, name this 490 B.C. Athenian victory over the Persians which in its aftermath saw a Greek messenger run about 26 miles to deliver the good news.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 200 ], [ 201, 354 ], [ 355, 444 ], [ 445, 603 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Thatcher}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While serving as Education Secretary, this future leader gained the nickname of the \"Milk Snatcher\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Thatcher", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055138f6", "qanta_id": 51847, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While serving as Education Secretary, this future leader gained the nickname of the \"Milk Snatcher\". This leader came to power following a period of widespread strikes known as the Winter of Our Discontent. She lost support in her third term with the introduction of an extremely unpopular poll tax but took power away from labor after defeating a year long strike launched by the National Union of Mineworkers. Succeeded by John Major, this leader gained a large amount of support following a decisive victory in the Falkland's War. For 10 points, name this \"Iron Lady\", the only female British Prime Minister.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 206 ], [ 207, 411 ], [ 412, 533 ], [ 534, 611 ] ], "tournament": "BATE", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sparta", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In Roman times, it was noted as a tourist trap, where wealthy Romans would go to observe the \"unique\" inhabitants.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sparta", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca9055139c8", "qanta_id": 52052, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Roman times, it was noted as a tourist trap, where wealthy Romans would go to observe the \"unique\" inhabitants.* Its last major contribution to world history is considered to be the defeat of raiding Visigoth bands following their victory over the Romans at Adrianople. As time progressed, the city- state was ruled by the ephors and the gerousia, or council of elders and the city's two kings increasingly lost power, until they were nothing more than generals. FTP, what is this ancient Greek polis, which for centuries was the dominant military force in the Greek world?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 114, 115 ], [ 116, 272 ], [ 273, 465 ], [ 466, 576 ] ], "tournament": "Toby Keith Hybrid", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Publius Aelius {Hadrian}us", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Despite the warnings of Attianus, this man's natural leniency led him to spare Baebius Mucer, Laberus Maximus, and Crassus Fugi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hadrian", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513a18", "qanta_id": 52132, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Despite the warnings of Attianus, this man's natural leniency led him to spare Baebius Mucer, Laberus Maximus, and Crassus Fugi. He had no qualms, however, with putting to death both Lusius Quietus and Nigrinus for an assassination plot, or forcing his ninety-year old cousin Servianus to commit suicide. He was ill disposed towards (*) Suetonius Tranquillus, who conducted himself informally towards his wife Sabina, and after banning circumcision was forced to send Sextus Julius Severus to quell the Bar Kochba Revolt. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor whose mausoleum was completed by his successor Antoninus Pius, who was also known for building a large wall in Northern England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 304 ], [ 305, 521 ], [ 522, 689 ] ], "tournament": "Spring Offensive (history tournament)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Maurya}n Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Kunala lost his position as heir to the throne of this polity after he became blind, so this polity's fourth ruler was Dasaratha.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurya_Empire", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513a2d", "qanta_id": 52153, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Kunala lost his position as heir to the throne of this polity after he became blind, so this polity's fourth ruler was Dasaratha. An early rebellion against this polity occurred when the inept prince Susima ruled poorly as governor of a northern province. This polity supported the Ajivika Sect and left inscriptions in the Nagarjuni and Barabar caves. This polity was eventually succeeded by the (*) Sunga Empire, and its second ruler had to be born by C-section after his mother was poisoned. Apart from Bindusara, another ruler of this polity conquered Kalinga before converting to pacifist Buddhism. For ten points, name this Indian dynasty of Asoka, founded by Chandragupta.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 255 ], [ 256, 352 ], [ 353, 494 ], [ 495, 603 ], [ 604, 679 ] ], "tournament": "Spring Offensive (history tournament)", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Heimdall}r [or {Heimdall}i; accept {Gulintanni} before mention]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Some sources say that this god's maternal grandfather is the giant Geirrendour.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heimdallr", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513a99", "qanta_id": 52261, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some sources say that this god's maternal grandfather is the giant Geirrendour. It is said that this god suckled on the milk of a male boar and the saltwater of the waves after he was born at the edge of the Nine Worlds. He helped retrieve the Brisingamen by taking the form of a seal and fighting Loki. He is said to have the whitest skin of all the Aesir, and his nickname Gullintanni refers to his golden teeth. He rides the horse Gulltopr and wields the sword Hofund, and he carries the horn Gjallerhorn, with which he will summon the Aesir to Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this Norse god, the guardian of Bifrost.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 220 ], [ 221, 303 ], [ 304, 414 ], [ 415, 557 ], [ 558, 618 ] ], "tournament": "YMIR", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Tezcatlipoca} [or {Titlacauan}, {Ipalnemoani}, {Necoc Yaotl}, {Tloque Nahuaque}, {Yohualli Eecatl}, {Ome acatl}, or {Ilhuicahua Tlalticpaque}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a ceremony dedicated to this deity, a handsome war prisoner was chosen to live in luxury with four women for a year, after which he was sacrificed to this deity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tezcatlipoca", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513ac2", "qanta_id": 52302, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a ceremony dedicated to this deity, a handsome war prisoner was chosen to live in luxury with four women for a year, after which he was sacrificed to this deity. The Great Bear constellation is said to be the footprints of this god, who presided over district schools known as the telpochcalli. The earth was created after this god successfully lured out a primordial monster that was part fish, part crocodile, and perpetually hungry; that monster was known as Cipactli, and the lure used by this god was his own foot, which he replaced with a piece of obsidian. For 10 points, name this Aztec god known as the Lord of the Smoking Mirror, who drove away his rival Quetzalcoatl.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 297 ], [ 298, 566 ], [ 567, 681 ] ], "tournament": "YMIR", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Odin} [or {Wodan}, {Wotan}, {Ygg}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Nine slaves cut each other's throats in an effort to obtain this figure's whetstone.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odin", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513acd", "qanta_id": 52313, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Nine slaves cut each other's throats in an effort to obtain this figure's whetstone. He was sometimes called Herion when he led the wild hunt, and his main objective during the hunt was to kill a skogsra. In one story, he visits a king named Geirrod while disguised as the island farmer Grimnir, only to be tortured between two fires. In another story he appears as the ferryman Harbard, who insults this god's son by Fjorgyn or Jord, and in the Volsung Saga he places a sword in the Barnstokk while disguised as a tall, one-eyed man. He learns all of the world's news each day from his ravens Huginn and Muninn. For 10 points, name this father of Thor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 205 ], [ 206, 336 ], [ 337, 538 ], [ 539, 617 ], [ 618, 658 ] ], "tournament": "YMIR", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{cystic fibrosis}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This condition is the most common autosomal genetic defect among Caucasians.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cystic_fibrosis", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513c5c", "qanta_id": 52711, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This condition is the most common autosomal genetic defect among Caucasians. Although Delta 508, the gene causing this disease, was only recently discovered, it existed in ancient times, as shown by the proverb which stated that a baby with salty skin will not live long. ATP, name this disease whose symptoms include gastrointestinal disorder, enzyme deficiency, and excessively thick mucus in the lungs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 275 ], [ 276, 411 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Naguib Mahfouz", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "To improve his English, this writer translated James Baikie's Ancient Egypt into Arabic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Naguib_Mahfouz", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513c71", "qanta_id": 52732, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "To improve his English, this writer translated James Baikie's Ancient Egypt into Arabic. A writer of screenplays, short stories, and novels, one collect ion of his short stories was called Dunya Allah, or God's World. Another wa s titled A Whisper of Madness. FTP, name this Egyptian winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize, whose major work was The Cairo Trilogy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 220 ], [ 221, 263 ], [ 264, 360 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Clare Quilty", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This American playwright's major works include Golden Guts, Proud Flesh, and The Enchanted Hunters, none of which you will be able to find in any library.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lolita", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513c86", "qanta_id": 52753, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This American playwright's major works include Golden Guts, Proud Flesh, and The Enchanted Hunters, none of which you will be able to find in any library. Equally unavailable is My Cue, the biographical memoir written about him by Vivian Darkbloom, although any good video store should carry the 1962 movie in which he was portrayed by Peter Sellers. FTP, name this non- existent writer and pedophile, who is assassinated by Humbert Humbert in the final chapter of Nabokov's Lolita.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 353 ], [ 354, 486 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Constantin Brancusi", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His first employment was as a shepherd in the Carpathians; his influences in Romanian folk art and African art are reflected in works from his primevalist style.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513c9a", "qanta_id": 52773, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His first employment was as a shepherd in the Carpathians; his influences in Romanian folk art and African art are reflected in works from his primevalist style. He is perhaps better known for works in a simple, nonrepresentational style, among them egg shapes and vertical shapes that seem to embody the energy of flight. FTP, name this pioneer of abstract sculpture and artist of \"The Sleeping Muse\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 326 ], [ 327, 407 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Grignard reagents", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "They can be made by reacting a halo-alkane with magnesium in ether.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grignard_reaction", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513c9e", "qanta_id": 52777, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "They can be made by reacting a halo-alkane with magnesium in ether. These organometallic compounds have the general formula RMgX, where R is an organic group and X is a halogen. FTP, name these compounds, useful in organic synthesis, where render organic groups nucleophilic, and which are named for the 1912 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 179 ], [ 180, 345 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Rene {Magritte}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "When he was twelve, his family found his mother's body floating in the river with her nightgown pulled over her head.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Magritte", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513ccc", "qanta_id": 52823, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When he was twelve, his family found his mother's body floating in the river with her nightgown pulled over her head. This explains why he spent much time in the mausoleums of the local cemetery, and why many of his paintings, such as \"The Lovers,\" depict people with cloths covering their heads. For ten points, name this artist of \"The Six Elements\" and \"Time Transfixed,\" who was the first Belgian surrealist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 300 ], [ 301, 418 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Russia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Adygea, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Chuvashia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay- Cherkessia, Yakutia, Tuva, Udmurtia, Khakassia, Tatarstan, Karelia, Dagestan, North Ossetia and Chechnya.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513cf0", "qanta_id": 52859, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Adygea, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Chuvashia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay- Cherkessia, Yakutia, Tuva, Udmurtia, Khakassia, Tatarstan, Karelia, Dagestan, North Ossetia and Chechnya. For ten points these are some of the twenty-one constituent republics which make up this country and which have been given special rights under a 1993 constitution.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 347 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Hungary", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its cities include Veszprem, Pecs, and Bekescsaba. The largest lake in Europe, Lake Balaton, is a leading resort area of this country, part of whose northern border is formed by the Danube, which then turns south and bisects the country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513d08", "qanta_id": 52882, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its cities include Veszprem, Pecs, and Bekescsaba. The largest lake in Europe, Lake Balaton, is a leading resort area of this country, part of whose northern border is formed by the Danube, which then turns south and bisects the country. FTP, name this country, which has been led by Janos Kadar and Imre Nagy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 237 ], [ 238, 310 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Willa {Cather}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Name the American author based on clues, 30-20-10 30: Since her death in 1947, none of her works has been filmed or televised, due to a stipulation in her will forbidding adaptation, which was inspired by the butchery of her novel \"A Lost Lady\" as a silent film. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willa_Cather", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513d2d", "qanta_id": 52919, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Name the American author based on clues, 30-20-10 30: Since her death in 1947, none of her works has been filmed or televised, due to a stipulation in her will forbidding adaptation, which was inspired by the butchery of her novel \"A Lost Lady\" as a silent film. 20: She won the Pulitzer prize for fiction in 1923 for \"One of Ours\" 10: Although she was born in Virginia, her family settled in Red Cloud, Nebraska, which inspired her tales of the frontier.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 268 ], [ 268, 270 ], [ 270, 341 ], [ 342, 462 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Tartuffe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Dorine the maid helps keep Mariane from becoming the wife of this \"hypocrite\", who tries to seduce Elmire right before her husband Orgon's very eyes and is only exposed just as he kicks Orgon's entire family out of their own house.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tartuffe", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513d55", "qanta_id": 52959, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Dorine the maid helps keep Mariane from becoming the wife of this \"hypocrite\", who tries to seduce Elmire right before her husband Orgon's very eyes and is only exposed just as he kicks Orgon's entire family out of their own house. For 10 points, name this title character of a comedy by Moliere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 234 ], [ 235, 300 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Count Leo Tolstoy", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As a young man, this author dropped out of Kazan University without recieving his medical degree.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513d78", "qanta_id": 52994, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As a young man, this author dropped out of Kazan University without recieving his medical degree. Later, he became an army officer and participated in the seige of Sevastopol during the Crimean War. In 1876, he had a religious awakening and freed the serfs on his land. FTP, identify this author known for The Kreutzer Sonata.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 200 ], [ 201, 272 ], [ 273, 330 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Krishna", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He is often depicted in art as a prince consorting with his lover Radha or as a small child caught stealing butter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Krishna", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513da7", "qanta_id": 53041, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He is often depicted in art as a prince consorting with his lover Radha or as a small child caught stealing butter. He was born after Brahma beseeched Vishnu to relieve the world of the demon-king Kamsa. After hiding among the shepherds, he achieves his destiny and kills Kamsa becoming King of the Yadavas. FTP name this blue, flute-playing deity whose discourse with Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra forms the basis of the Bhagavad Gita, the eighth avatar of Vishnu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 204 ], [ 205, 309 ], [ 310, 480 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "{Sikhism}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Panj Piare were adherents of this faith whose baptism is celebrated in Baisakhi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513dc9", "qanta_id": 53075, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Panj Piare were adherents of this faith whose baptism is celebrated in Baisakhi. The symbol Ik Onkar is found on this religion's scriptures. Its term for God includes the loan word \"wahi\" and means \"Wonderful Teacher.\" All females in this religion are given the last name Kaur, and it has no priestly class. This religion's Golden Temple is located in Amritsar, its holiest city, and its primary text is the Adi Granth. Upon joining the Khalsa, one must carry a kirpan, or dagger, one of the five Ks. Its followers are prohibited from cutting hair. For 10 points, name this religion, founded by Guru Nanak and centered in Punjab.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 144 ], [ 145, 221 ], [ 221, 311 ], [ 312, 425 ], [ 425, 505 ], [ 506, 553 ], [ 554, 634 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Aeschylus} [or {Aiskhulos}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, the Child of Palaichthon, Pelasgus, allows fifty maidens to stay in Argos.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aeschylus", "proto_id": "5476da92ea23cca905513dd5", "qanta_id": 53087, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's works, the Child of Palaichthon, Pelasgus, allows fifty maidens to stay in Argos. That work is included with the lost plays Amymone and The Egyptians in the Danaid Tetralogy, and precedes a similarly- named Euripides work by almost 50 years. This playwright of The Suppliants wrote a work in which Polynices battles Eteocles by selecting six other Argive warriors to attack the title city. A lock of hair from Orestes is discovered in a trilogy consisting of Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers and The Eumenides. For 10 points, name this Greek tragedian who wrote Seven Against Thebes and The Oresteia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 262 ], [ 263, 410 ], [ 411, 530 ], [ 531, 620 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "B\u00e9la {Bart\u00f3k}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The last movement of a piano composition by this man modulates from D major to A major in a Maruntel dance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B\u00e9la_Bart\u00f3k", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513df4", "qanta_id": 53118, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The last movement of a piano composition by this man modulates from D major to A major in a Maruntel dance. Another piano work by this composer of Cantata Profana begins with two books of simple etudes for his son Peter, followed by four progressively harder volumes. This composer of Mikrokosmos and Romanian Folk Dances proposed an opera to Zoltan Kodaly in which Judith opens seven doors in the title duke's fortress, Bluebeard's Castle. For 10 points, name this composer who incorporated Hungarian folk songs into his Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta and Concerto for Orchestra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 267 ], [ 268, 440 ], [ 441, 591 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of {Denmark} [or Kongeriget {Danmark}]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One city in this country contains the pedestrian street Jomfru Ane Gade.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Denmark", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513df7", "qanta_id": 53121, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One city in this country contains the pedestrian street Jomfru Ane Gade. That city, Aalborg, is located on the Limfjord just south of Vendsyssel-Thy. Hammershus Castle overlooks the Baltic Sea on an island controlled by this nation, Bornholm, but this nation no longer governs a North Atlantic archipelago 450 kilometers southeast of Iceland, the Faroe Islands. This country's capital city in the \u00d8resund region contains the Tivoli Gardens and is mere kilometers away from Malm\u00f6 in Sweden. This nation's main peninsula, located east of the North Sea, is Jutland. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian nation with capital Copenhagen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 149 ], [ 150, 361 ], [ 362, 489 ], [ 490, 562 ], [ 563, 632 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Carmen}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Singing the aria \"Je dis que rien ne m'\u00e9pouvante\", Mica\u00ebla tries to bring her fiance home to his dying mother.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carmen", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e0b", "qanta_id": 53141, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Singing the aria \"Je dis que rien ne m'\u00e9pouvante\", Mica\u00ebla tries to bring her fiance home to his dying mother. The female lead sings a seguidilla in the first act after Zuniga orders the lead male to restrain her for attacking another woman with a knife. Singing his signature song, \"Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre\", Escamillo introduces himself to the titular character by announcing that he is a bullfighter. She had earlier entered in act one singing her \"Habanera\". For 10 points, name this opera about the fiery titular gypsy who leads Don Jose to his ruin and her own death by George Bizet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 254 ], [ 255, 415 ], [ 416, 474 ], [ 475, 601 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Yasunari {Kawabata}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A work by this writer ends with the protagonist suggesting a family trip to the country to see the maples.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e19", "qanta_id": 53155, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A work by this writer ends with the protagonist suggesting a family trip to the country to see the maples. That novel features the discordant relationship between Fusako and Shuichi and their elderly father Shingo. Another of his novels is narrated by Uragami and hinges on the decisive Black 121, which allows Otake to triumph over Honinbo Shusai. This author of The Sound of the Mountain created a character who stumbles while Yoko is rescued from a burning warehouse by the geisha Komako, the ballet dilettante Shimamura. For 10 points, name this author of The Master of Go and Snow Country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 214 ], [ 215, 348 ], [ 349, 524 ], [ 525, 594 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{San Francisco}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Committees of Vigilance organized in this location were later broken up voluntarily after self-declared success, and the Tower of Jewels was built here to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "San_Francisco", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e1c", "qanta_id": 53158, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Committees of Vigilance organized in this location were later broken up voluntarily after self-declared success, and the Tower of Jewels was built here to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal. Charles Ellis is attributed with pushing through the construction of one landmark in this city, where Emperor Norton once reigned. Hetch Hetchy Valley was flooded as a result of a project to provide water for this city following one event, and many mansions used to exist on its Nob Hill district. It was where the UN Charter was signed. For 10 points, identify this city rebuilt after a 1906 fire and home to a bright orange structure, the Golden Gate Bridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 335 ], [ 336, 502 ], [ 503, 542 ], [ 543, 665 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{reflection}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The radiation per unit solid angle of a wave undergoing this process varies with the cosine of the angle between the line of sight and the perpendicular.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Reflection_(physics)", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e20", "qanta_id": 53162, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The radiation per unit solid angle of a wave undergoing this process varies with the cosine of the angle between the line of sight and the perpendicular. Lambert's emission law applies to the directionally independent form of this process, in which a microscopically rough interface causes it to occur in many different angles in the \"diffuse\" type of this phenomenon. The \"specular\" variety of this process is modeled by a law which states that the angle of incidence equals this process's namesake angle. For 10 points, name this optical phenomenon in which a wavefront rebounds off of a surface, often facilitated by mirrors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 368 ], [ 369, 506 ], [ 507, 628 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Umberto {Eco}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this writer's novels, Abbe Dalla Piccola and the anti-semitic author of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Simone Simonini, are revealed to be the same person.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Umberto_Eco", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e2a", "qanta_id": 53172, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this writer's novels, Abbe Dalla Piccola and the anti-semitic author of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Simone Simonini, are revealed to be the same person. In another novel by this author of The Prague Cemetery, the Tres society is devised as part of The Plan, which results in Lorenza's stabbing and Belbo's hanging. The blind Jorge of Borgos harbors an intense hatred for Aristotle's Poetics in another of his novels, which centers on a series of murders at an abbey investigated by Adso of Melk and William of Baskerville. For 10 points, name this Italian semiotician who wrote Foucault's Pendulum and The Name of the Rose.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 333 ], [ 334, 541 ], [ 542, 642 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Colombia}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One civil war in this country ended with a treaty signing on the American battleship Wisconsin, the Thousand Days' War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Colombia", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e2d", "qanta_id": 53175, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One civil war in this country ended with a treaty signing on the American battleship Wisconsin, the Thousand Days' War. This country quarreled with a neighbor over ownership of Leticia, and the first president of this country under its current constitution was Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Campo. The USS Nashville was sent to harass its efforts to put down a revolution. FARC rebels continue to conduct guerrilla warfare in this nation, where the assassination of Jorge Elicer Gaitan began a ten-year civil war known as \"La Violencia\". Along with Venezuela and Ecuador, it was part of a successor state to the Viceroyalty of New Granada. For 10 points, name this South American country engaged in internal conflicts involving drug trafficking, with a capital at Bogota.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 278 ], [ 279, 353 ], [ 354, 518 ], [ 519, 620 ], [ 621, 752 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Italo {Calvino}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's novels centers on a paladin of Charlemagne called Agilulf.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italo_Calvino", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e39", "qanta_id": 53187, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's novels centers on a paladin of Charlemagne called Agilulf. Biagio narrates another one of his novels, in which Viola embarks on a love affair with Cosimo Piovasco after he flees into the forest. This author of The Nonexistent Knight and The Baron in the Trees wrote about the orphan Pin in The Path to the Nest of Spiders. Marco Polo silently describes 55 imaginary locales to Kublai Khan in this writer's Invisible Cities. Ermes Marana deliberately threads together partial translations of novels, much to the frustration of two readers of one of his novels, Ludmilla and you. For 10 points, name this Italian author of If on a winter's night a traveler.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 215 ], [ 216, 343 ], [ 344, 444 ], [ 445, 598 ], [ 599, 676 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Franz {Boas}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote that Brinton's observations of the title varying vocalizations were not evidence of cultural inferiority in On Alternating Sounds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Boas", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e4a", "qanta_id": 53204, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote that Brinton's observations of the title varying vocalizations were not evidence of cultural inferiority in On Alternating Sounds. To catalog environmental influences on native migration in The Central Eskimo, he studied the Inuit of Baffin Island. He studied the practice of potlatch among the Kwakiutl, which led him to develop the concept of cultural relativism. He founded the anthropology department at Columbia, where he trained students such as Alfred L. Kroeber and Ruth Benedict. For 10 points, name this anthropologist, the author of The Mind of Primitive Man.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 263 ], [ 264, 380 ], [ 381, 503 ], [ 504, 585 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Cry, the Beloved Country}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the title phrase appears in a passage about \"the unborn child that is the inheritor of our fear\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e64", "qanta_id": 53230, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, the title phrase appears in a passage about \"the unborn child that is the inheritor of our fear\". The protagonist of this novel is relieved when Mr. Carmichael takes a case pro deo, while another character has a bookshelf dedicated to Abraham Lincoln. One character funds the building of irrigation, terraces, and a church in a village after his son Arthur Jarvis is killed by the protagonist's son. After receiving a letter from Theophilius Msimangu and descending into the city, the protagonist of this novel finds that his \"ill\" sister Gertrude has become a prostitute and his son Absalom a murderer. For 10 points, name this work centering around Stephen Kumalo, a novel by South African author Alan Paton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 266 ], [ 267, 414 ], [ 415, 618 ], [ 619, 725 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Carl Gustav {Jung}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This psychologist compared understanding individualization with understanding alchemical processes in Psychology and Alchemy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carl_Jung", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e72", "qanta_id": 53244, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This psychologist compared understanding individualization with understanding alchemical processes in Psychology and Alchemy. He analyzed quaternity in symbols of wholeness in a work on mandalas, Memories, Dreams, Reflections. He described the union of opposites as syzygy and a non-causal relationship between two events as synchronicity. Another of his concepts are universal symbols or trends, and include the persona, the shadow, the anima and animus. For 10 points, name this psychologist who outlined his theory of archetypes as expressions of the collective unconscious in Psychological Types.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 226 ], [ 227, 339 ], [ 340, 455 ], [ 456, 600 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Bertolt {Brecht}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This writer advocated for gestus and the alienation effect in a theoretical work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertolt_Brecht", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e73", "qanta_id": 53245, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This writer advocated for gestus and the alienation effect in a theoretical work. This author of numerous \"learning-plays\" and A Short Organum for the Theater wrote a play in which the Grand Duke is saved by Azdak. In that play, Azdak is appointed a judge and declares Michael's mother to be Grusha. In another of his plays, the title character's cart becomes lighter as the play progresses. After drawing slips of paper marked with crosses, Eilif, Kattrin, and Swiss Cheese are all killed in that play, which centers on Anna Fierling. For 10 points, name this proponent of epic theater who wrote The Caucasian Chalk Circle and Mother Courage and Her Children.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 214 ], [ 215, 299 ], [ 300, 391 ], [ 392, 535 ], [ 536, 660 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Federal Democratic Republic of {Ethiopia}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's highest point, located in the snowy Semien Mountains, is Ras Dejen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethiopia", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e84", "qanta_id": 53262, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's highest point, located in the snowy Semien Mountains, is Ras Dejen. This nation's village of Dikika in the Afar Depression was the site of the discovery of Selam, an A. afarensis skeleton unearthed 26 years after a similar discovery, Lucy. This nation shares Lake Turkana with its southern neighbor Kenya, while this nation's Lake Tana is the source of the Blue Nile which flows west into Sudan. It is bordered to the north by Eritrea and Djibouti and to the east by Somalia. For 10 points, name this landlocked Horn of Africa nation with capital Addis Ababa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 254 ], [ 255, 410 ], [ 411, 490 ], [ 491, 574 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Greece} [or {Hellenic Republic}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country enforced a hard currency policy in the late 1990s, but failed to meet the budget deficit requirements of the Stability and Growth pact.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Greece", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e8c", "qanta_id": 53270, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country enforced a hard currency policy in the late 1990s, but failed to meet the budget deficit requirements of the Stability and Growth pact. In the early 2000s, much of this country's budget went to defense spending due to a rivalry with Turkey. A government elected in October 2009 revised its deficit estimate from 5% to 12% of GDP, leading to an audit by Eurostat. Syriza and Golden Dawn take up 89 seats in this country's parliament. Two separate bailout packages were prepared to avoid an exit from the Euro by this country, though neither the Grexit nor a default has yet occurred. For 10 points, name this southern European country, led by Antonis Samaras, with capital at Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 253 ], [ 254, 375 ], [ 376, 445 ], [ 446, 595 ], [ 596, 695 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Kurt {Vonnegut}, Jr.", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, blue paint that peels off the canvas is used in a painting by Rabo Karabekian.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kurt_Vonnegut", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513e9f", "qanta_id": 53289, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a novel by this author, blue paint that peels off the canvas is used in a painting by Rabo Karabekian. In another of his novels, most people are either part of the army or the Reconstruction and Reclamation corps, both of which do absolutely nothing. Bluebeard and Player Piano are by this author, who also wrote about false karasses like Hoosiers, and the manufactured religion Bokononism. In his Breakfast of Champions, Kilgore Trout is set free. This author created ice-9 in Cat's Cradle, and wrote about a character who becomes \"unstuck in time\", Billy Pilgrim. For 10 points, name this science fiction writer of Slaughterhouse-Five.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 253 ], [ 254, 393 ], [ 394, 451 ], [ 452, 568 ], [ 569, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Marcel {Duchamp}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this artist's works features fractures running from a chocolate grinder and nine headless interconnected forms up to the title figure, whose halo contains three nets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Duchamp", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513eb1", "qanta_id": 53307, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this artist's works features fractures running from a chocolate grinder and nine headless interconnected forms up to the title figure, whose halo contains three nets. This painter of The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even forced the viewer to voyeuristically peek at a nude woman in \u00c9tant donn\u00e9s. Another of his works features a spiked wine drying rack, while another is a postcard whose central figure sports a mustache and beard. This creator of Bottle Rack and L.H.O.O.Q signed his most famous work \"R. MUTT\". For 10 points, name this French Dadaist who created his most famous ready- made, Fountain, by upending a urinal.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 311 ], [ 312, 446 ], [ 447, 527 ], [ 528, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "William {Blake}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this writer's poetic works, Urthona, who is represented by Los in the fallen world, is created by the division of Albion along with three other Zoas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Blake", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513eb8", "qanta_id": 53314, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this writer's poetic works, Urthona, who is represented by Los in the fallen world, is created by the division of Albion along with three other Zoas. In one of his poems, \"a Virgin of twelve years\" named Ololon asks for the author of Paradise Lost. The speaker of another of his poems hears \"mind- forg'd manacles\" while wandering through \"charter'd streets\". Milton and \"London\" are by this poet, who asked a creature, \"Dost thou know who made thee\", and addressed an animal with \"fearful symmetry\" \"burning bright / in the forests of the night\". For 10 points, name this poet whose Songs of Innocence and Experience contains \"The Lamb\" and \"The Tyger\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 251 ], [ 252, 362 ], [ 363, 550 ], [ 551, 657 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Germany} [or {Deutschland}; accept {West Germany} before \u201cFrancis\u201d]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country produced a film whose title character rebels against Pedro de Ursua during a search for El Dorado, Aguirre, the Wrath of God.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Germany", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905513ebe", "qanta_id": 53320, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country produced a film whose title character rebels against Pedro de Ursua during a search for El Dorado, Aguirre, the Wrath of God. In another film from this country, Francis and Jane investigate the sleepwalking Cesare, who is kept in the title object. The title sea vessel of another film from this country is heavily damaged after refueling in La Spezia and a majority of its crew is killed in a facility bombing. Two other films from here involve Elsie's murder by Beckert and Rotwang's creation of Maria's robot double. This country produced The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Das Boot, M, and Metropolis. For 10 points, name this country home to the director Fritz Lang.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 260 ], [ 261, 423 ], [ 424, 531 ], [ 532, 611 ], [ 612, 677 ] ], "tournament": "Prison Bowl", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Demeter}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "According to Apollodorus, this mythological figure buried Ascalaphus beneath a rock in Hades; when Heracles freed him, this figure turned him into an owl.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Demeter", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055140a2", "qanta_id": 53802, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to Apollodorus, this mythological figure buried Ascalaphus beneath a rock in Hades; when Heracles freed him, this figure turned him into an owl. After a foolish act by King Erisychthon, she tormented him with an unending hunger leading him to eventually devour his own flesh. She lent her chariot, pulled by winged dragons, to the mortal Triptolemus, who was the brother of a boy she allowed to be burned to death. That figure, Demophon, was the son of Metanira and Celeus, at whose home this deity stayed in the guise of an old woman named Doso while she searched for her child. The mother of the horse Arion with Poseidon, FTP, name this Olympian who, with her brother Zeus, was the mother of Persephone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 285 ], [ 286, 424 ], [ 425, 589 ], [ 590, 716 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "La {Traviata}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One character in this opera describes his daughter as \"Pura siccome un angelo\" and another performs \"Noi siamo zingarelle\" at Flora's house.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "La_traviata", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055140b2", "qanta_id": 53818, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this opera describes his daughter as \"Pura siccome un angelo\" and another performs \"Noi siamo zingarelle\" at Flora's house. In the last scene of this opera, a trip is planned in the aria \"Parigi, o cara.\" Earlier in this opera, the joys expressed in \"De' miei bollenti spiriti\" are short- lived after the singer learns from the maid Annina that the title character has sold some jewelery. Baron Douphol challenges the male lead to a duel, shortly after the elder Germont and his son sing \"Di Provenza il mar.\" Dr. Grenvil looks over the title character, who faints in the arms of Flora, but had earlier joined Alfredo in the drinking song \"Libiamo, ne' lieti calici.\" FTP, name this Verdi opera in which Violetta succumbs to consumption.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 221 ], [ 222, 405 ], [ 406, 526 ], [ 527, 683 ], [ 683, 754 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{carbon dioxide} [accept {CO}{2}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "As a supercritical solvent, this molecule can be used to create increasingly stereoselective versions of the Henry and the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carbon_dioxide", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055140fe", "qanta_id": 53894, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As a supercritical solvent, this molecule can be used to create increasingly stereoselective versions of the Henry and the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions. Two equivalents are produced as byproducts of the Eder reaction, and it reacts with sodium chloride, water, and ammonia in the first step of the Solvay process. The Kolbe-Schmitt process uses it and a base to convert a phenol to salicylic acid, and the conversion of a 3-ketoester to a carboxylic acid emits three equivalents of it. In the Bosch-Meiser process, it reacts with two equivalents of ammonia to produce urea, while a Grignard reagent or an alkyl- lithium will react with it to produce a carboxylic acid. FTP, name this linear, triatomic molecule that is one of the products of combustion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 316 ], [ 317, 488 ], [ 489, 671 ], [ 672, 756 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Bystander} Effect [accept: {Genovese} Effect until mention; prompt on", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This phenomenon, along with the Caporael Dilemna, is part of a broader idea studied by Karau and Williams, which Rothwell claimed could be combated with the \"Three C's.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bystander_effect", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055141ad", "qanta_id": 54069, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This phenomenon, along with the Caporael Dilemna, is part of a broader idea studied by Karau and Williams, which Rothwell claimed could be combated with the \"Three C's.\" Tice and Baumeister hypothesized that it is influenced by personality and Philip Beaman suggested combating it by teaching people psychology. Russell Clark and Larry Word performed one study on it involving electric wire. Another was done by John Darley and Bibb Latane, who suggests that it has an implicit type. One study involved people listening to a cassette tape in front of microphones, which were supposedly turned off until their turn to talk, while another likened this phenomenon to social diffusion and involved smoke-filled rooms and seizures. Most closely associated with Kitty Genovese and her murder, it is a form of social loafing. FTP, name this effect where people fail to intervene in crises on the assumption that someone else will.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 168, 169 ], [ 170, 311 ], [ 312, 391 ], [ 392, 483 ], [ 484, 726 ], [ 727, 818 ], [ 819, 923 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Second Boer War [prompt on Boer War do not accept First Boer War]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The discovery of new natural resources at Witwatersrand reignited interests in the region by one of the combatants in this conflict.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Second_Boer_War", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551422b", "qanta_id": 54195, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The discovery of new natural resources at Witwatersrand reignited interests in the region by one of the combatants in this conflict. One incident in this war saw a surprise engagement that led to The Koornspruit Disaster at the Battle of Sanna's post led by Christiaan De Wet. In Thomas Pakenham's history of the conflict, he refers to it initially as Milner's War, named after the colony governor who would utilize the Utilander question as a pretext for engagement. The Relief of the Mafeking marked a major turning point in the war. Sparked in part by the failed Jameson Raids on Paul Kruger's Transvaal Republic and ended by the Treaty of Vereeniging, for 10 points, name this South African conflict fought between the British and the eponymous people of the Transvaal and Orange Free State.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 276 ], [ 277, 467 ], [ 468, 535 ], [ 536, 795 ] ], "tournament": "Sun 'n' Fun", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Arnold {Schoenberg}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He taught himself composition, with the help in counterpoint from the Austrian composer Alexander Zemlinsky, and in 1899, produced his first major work, the tone poem Verkl\u00e4rte Nacht.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnold_Schoenberg", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514286", "qanta_id": 54286, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He taught himself composition, with the help in counterpoint from the Austrian composer Alexander Zemlinsky, and in 1899, produced his first major work, the tone poem Verkl\u00e4rte Nacht. In 1903, he moved to Vienna where he published the book Theory of Harmony, and then moved on to Berlin, where he wrote Pierrot Lunaire. For ten points, name this composer who helped develop atonality in music as the creator of the twelve-tone row.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 184, 319 ], [ 320, 431 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{Aeschylus}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He fought successfully against the Persians at Marathon, Salamis, and possibly at Palatea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aeschylus", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514294", "qanta_id": 54300, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He fought successfully against the Persians at Marathon, Salamis, and possibly at Palatea. During his final visit to Sicily he died at Gela, where a monument was later erected in his honor. Seven of his plays have survived, the earliest being The Persians, a historical tragedy about the Battle of Salamis set in the court of Xerxes I. For ten points, name this playwright better known for Seven Against Thebes, the Promethean trilogy, and his masterpiece, The Oresteia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 189 ], [ 190, 335 ], [ 336, 470 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Arthur {Schopenhauer}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "-20-10 Identify the philosopher A. 30 point clue: This philosopher's unconventional education featured two years of study in France, and sporadic studies during a long tour of Europe with his family. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arthur_Schopenhauer", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514295", "qanta_id": 54301, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "-20-10 Identify the philosopher A. 30 point clue: This philosopher's unconventional education featured two years of study in France, and sporadic studies during a long tour of Europe with his family. B. 20 point clue: In 1818, after publishing his chief work, he took a lecturing position at the University of Berlin and competed with Hegel for respect and acclaim. C. 10 point clue: Known for his philosophy of pessimism, he argued that will is more important than reason in The World as Will and Idea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 210, 227 ], [ 228, 381 ], [ 381, 398 ], [ 399, 518 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Max {Weber}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He distinguished four major types of social action, namely zweckrational, or technocratic thinking, wertrational, or value-oriented reality, affective action, and traditional action that he used to create a new typology for the modern era.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Max_Weber", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055142af", "qanta_id": 54327, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He distinguished four major types of social action, namely zweckrational, or technocratic thinking, wertrational, or value-oriented reality, affective action, and traditional action that he used to create a new typology for the modern era. FTP identify this German social scientist, who wrote the Unfication of Cultural and Social Science, Economy and Society, Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, and The Protestant Ethic and Spirit Capitalism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 239 ], [ 240, 445 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{Thor}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His mighty caprine steeds were Tanngnostr and Tanngrisni, although one of the two became lame as a result of Thjalfi's hunger for marrow.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055142b2", "qanta_id": 54330, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His mighty caprine steeds were Tanngnostr and Tanngrisni, although one of the two became lame as a result of Thjalfi's hunger for marrow. He dwelled in the hall Bilskirnir in his land of Thrudheim. Born of the mighty giantess Jord, he took as his mistress the giantess Jornsaxa and thus fathered Thrud, Magni, and Modi. He took 9 steps before being overwhelmed by the venomous vapors of his newly-slain archnemesis Jormungand, which he had faced previously in the presence of Hymir and Utgard-Loki. FTP, name this Mjollnir- bearing Norse god of thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 197 ], [ 198, 319 ], [ 320, 498 ], [ 499, 523 ], [ 524, 553 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Orpheus", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He was the son of a Thracian prince and the muse Calliope. Unfortunately for him one day, the Maenads, frenzied worshippers of Dionysus swept upon him and tore him to pieces.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Orpheus", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055142ca", "qanta_id": 54354, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was the son of a Thracian prince and the muse Calliope. Unfortunately for him one day, the Maenads, frenzied worshippers of Dionysus swept upon him and tore him to pieces. He his head was tossed into a river, where it floated to the island of Lesbos and uttered prophecies. FTP, identify this skilled lyre player who could tame anyone or anything with his playing, who fell in love with the wood nymph Eurydice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 276 ], [ 277, 414 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Rene {Descartes}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote his Regulae, or Rules for the Direction of the Mind, during his twenty year stay in the Netherlands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055142de", "qanta_id": 54374, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote his Regulae, or Rules for the Direction of the Mind, during his twenty year stay in the Netherlands. He would also write Le Monde, on the Copernican system, which he suppressed after the persecution of Galileo. He wrote Passions of the Soul in French, while in Sweden teaching Queen Christina. For ten points, name this philsopher, who, in Part IV of his Discourse on Method, wrote \"Cogito, ergo sum.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 219 ], [ 220, 302 ], [ 303, 410 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{Heimdall}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An alternate name for him is Gullintanni because of his golden teeth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heimdallr", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055142e4", "qanta_id": 54380, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An alternate name for him is Gullintanni because of his golden teeth. He is identified with Rig, the progenitor of man, in the R\u00edgsthula. He is also identified with the ram, and can hear grass grow and see for over a hundred miles at night, as befits a watchman of the gods. For ten points, name this Norse mythological figure, who will blow his Gjallarhorn at the end of the world.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 137 ], [ 138, 274 ], [ 275, 382 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{Torque}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "When this quantity is zero, the angular momentum of a system is conserved.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Torque", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055142f8", "qanta_id": 54400, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When this quantity is zero, the angular momentum of a system is conserved. As part of Newton's second law for rigid bodies, the sum of this on a body is equal to the product of that body's moment of inertia and its net angular acceleration. FTP, what is this physical quantity with units of newton-meters, the rotational analogue of force?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 240 ], [ 241, 339 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{Beowulf}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Written in alliterative verse, it is a blending of Christian and pagan ideas, and during the celebration a bard sings the Finnsburg Episode.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Beowulf", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514305", "qanta_id": 54413, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Written in alliterative verse, it is a blending of Christian and pagan ideas, and during the celebration a bard sings the Finnsburg Episode. It opens with a genealogy of the local tribe, which is contrasted with the evil history of the monster, who is linked with Cain. Along the way, the titular hero gets insulted by Unferth, who distrusts him because he is a stranger. In the end, he dies when his sword fails him in battle with a dragon, and Wiglaf delivers what serves both as a eulogy and a prediction of the destruction of their people. FTP, name this poem written in Old English that concerns the monster Grendel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 269 ], [ 270, 371 ], [ 372, 543 ], [ 544, 621 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{Zoroastrianism}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The sacred book of this religion includes the Gathas, Yashts, and the Vendidad.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551434a", "qanta_id": 54482, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The sacred book of this religion includes the Gathas, Yashts, and the Vendidad. Praying in Fire Temples, these believers observe the rituals of the Yasna and Nirang-din ceremony, which creates the Holy Nirang. Although the Parsees, the largest modern group of practitioners, live in India, this religion originated in Iran. FTP, what is this religion of ancient Persia founded by the prophet also known as Zarathustra?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 209 ], [ 210, 323 ], [ 324, 418 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{To His Coy Mistress}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It concludes with the resolution to make the sun run, even if they cannot make him stand still.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "To_His_Coy_Mistress", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514355", "qanta_id": 54493, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It concludes with the resolution to make the sun run, even if they cannot make him stand still. This poem's rhymed couplets describe how the speaker and his lover could behave, had they 'world enough, and time.' But, alas, the couple must heed 'Time's winged chariot' and consummate their love before they become naught but lifeless dust and ashes. FTP, identify this Andrew Marvell poem, whose title names the addressee of these lines.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 211 ], [ 212, 348 ], [ 349, 436 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Federico {Garcia Lorca}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His best comedy was The Shoemaker's Marvelous Wife, and he also wrote farces and puppet plays, though he is better known as a poet and tragedian.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Federico_Garc\u00eda_Lorca", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551435c", "qanta_id": 54500, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His best comedy was The Shoemaker's Marvelous Wife, and he also wrote farces and puppet plays, though he is better known as a poet and tragedian. He adapted the ballad in his Romancero Gitano, and after traveling to America in 1928 produced Poet in New York. FTP, identify this Spanish author, who was murdered by Falangist soldiers in 1936, best known for plays like Yerma and Blood Wedding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 258 ], [ 259, 392 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "William Carlos {Williams}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His early books of poetry include Al Que Quiere and Kora in Hell.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Carlos_Williams", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514363", "qanta_id": 54507, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His early books of poetry include Al Que Quiere and Kora in Hell. This outspoken American poet criticized Eliot and the Imagists, and inspired younger poets such as Allen Ginsberg, writing a preface for Howl. A doctor who studied at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, he later turned to writing. FTP, who is this author of Paterson?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 208 ], [ 209, 307 ], [ 308, 344 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Avram Noam {Chomsky }(accept \u201cNoam!\u201d if shouted in a Cheers-like greeting)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He studied under Zellig Harris at the University of Pennsylvania and his own theories derive from Harris' notion of kernel and nonkernel sentences.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Noam_Chomsky", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514374", "qanta_id": 54524, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He studied under Zellig Harris at the University of Pennsylvania and his own theories derive from Harris' notion of kernel and nonkernel sentences. The Sound Pattern of English, which he wrote with Morris Halle, attempts to describe the phonological processes of English, but it was his 1957 book, Syntactic Structures, which proposed the idea of generative grammars. FTP, who is this MIT linguist?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 367 ], [ 368, 398 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{Carmen}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "If you're into liberated chicks, then you should love opera.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carmen", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551437b", "qanta_id": 54531, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "If you're into liberated chicks, then you should love opera. FTSNOP identify these operatic works featuring empowered women. A. For 5, the audience at this opera's 1875 premiere in Paris was appalled that Bizet would depict women smoking cigarettes, catfighting, and seducing police officers and bullfighters. But in the end, the heroine dies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 60 ], [ 61, 130 ], [ 130, 132 ], [ 133, 314 ], [ 315, 348 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{One Hundred Years of Solitude} or {Cien Anos de Solidad}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of the main characters seems to be based on General Rafael Uribe.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551437d", "qanta_id": 54533, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the main characters seems to be based on General Rafael Uribe. The founder dies tied to a tree, the last child born has a pig's tail and is carried off by ants as an infant just before the town is destroyed. Gypsies show off wonders such as ice and magnets, while a priest can levitate after eating chocolate. Pretty much everyone seems to be named Remedios, Jos\u201a Acardio, Ursula or Aureliano (ah-reh-li-a-no). For ten points, name this novel set in Macondo that chronicles ten decades of the Buendia family.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 214 ], [ 215, 316 ], [ 317, 417 ], [ 418, 515 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Heimdall (accept Rig before it is read)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This god slept successively with Amma, Edda, and Modir, thus creating Thrall, Karl, and Jarl, the progenitors of the three races of men, in his guise of Rig.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heimdallr", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055143ca", "qanta_id": 54610, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god slept successively with Amma, Edda, and Modir, thus creating Thrall, Karl, and Jarl, the progenitors of the three races of men, in his guise of Rig. Sometimes called the grandson of Geirrendour the Giant, he lives at the Cliff of Heaven, has (*) golden teeth, and carries the Gjallar horn. Said to be the son of nine mothers, he can hear wool growing on sheep. For 10 points\u2014 name this guardian of Bifrost.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 300 ], [ 300, 370 ], [ 371, 416 ] ], "tournament": "FICHTE", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Franz Liszt", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One piano suite by this man includes such movements as \"Beside a Spring,\" \"Obemrann's Valley,\" and three sections titled for different Petrarch sonnets.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Liszt", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055144e4", "qanta_id": 54890, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One piano suite by this man includes such movements as \"Beside a Spring,\" \"Obemrann's Valley,\" and three sections titled for different Petrarch sonnets. This composer of the oratorio The (*) Legend of St. Elizabeth wrote a series of works that include one dedicated to Leo Festetics, one based on \u00c1br\u00e1nyi's \"Cs\u00e1rd\u00e1s nobles,\" and the R\u00e1k\u00f3czy March. For 10 points\u2014 name this composer of the Faust symphony and the Hungarian Rhapsodies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 183 ], [ 184, 193 ], [ 193, 351 ], [ 352, 437 ] ], "tournament": "FICHTE", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Golden Bough}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Lengthy asides in this book include a 37-page chapter on the various kinds of wood and types of kindling thought most successful in various places across Europe in the creation of festival bonfires.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Golden_Bough", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514541", "qanta_id": 54983, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Lengthy asides in this book include a 37-page chapter on the various kinds of wood and types of kindling thought most successful in various places across Europe in the creation of festival bonfires. Its first publication scandalized the British public because one of the main arguments of this work assimilates the Gospel (*) story to \"mere mythology.\" This leads into the book's most famous discussion, which prefigured Jung's theories by noting the almost- universal recurrence across world mythology of a so-called \"dying and reviving god.\" FTP identify this anthropological exegesis by Sir James G. Frazer, which takes its name from Diana's emblem in the Aeneid, a sacred branch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 198 ], [ 199, 351 ], [ 351, 352 ], [ 353, 542 ], [ 542, 683 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "B.F. {Skinner}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A native of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, he graduated from Hamilton College.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B._F._Skinner", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551455c", "qanta_id": 55010, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A native of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, he graduated from Hamilton College. One of this psychologists early experiments examined superstition in pigeons by feeding them at regular intervals to see if they modified their behavior according to when they were fed. FTP, name this behavioralist who wrote the controversial book Walden Two, which looked at social planning and operant conditioning in raising children.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 267 ], [ 268, 419 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Mitochondria}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Brown adipose tissue is rich in these thermogenin containing organelles, a protein which produces heat by shivering.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514567", "qanta_id": 55021, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Brown adipose tissue is rich in these thermogenin containing organelles, a protein which produces heat by shivering. Their inner membranes are highly impermeable and are folded into compartments known as cristae (*). Due to their separate DNA, they are thought to be descendants of aerobic bacteria that have made their way into eukaryotes via endosymbiosis. FTP, identify these organelles, the sites of phosphorylated ATP synthesis and cellular energy conversion, commonly known as the power plants of a cell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 216 ], [ 217, 358 ], [ 359, 510 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Nighthawks}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "On the left, a shadowed building appears whose second floor is painted red.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nighthawks", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514587", "qanta_id": 55053, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "On the left, a shadowed building appears whose second floor is painted red. The right side features a triangular building containing a similarly-shaped brown triangle, while an advertisement for \"Phillies\" appears (*) near the top. The outside of that building is mostly made of glass and contains no door, while its only employee wears white. The artist used his wife Jo as the model for the woman wearing red, who is seated at a counter along with two men wearing suits. FTP, name this painting of the lonely inhabitants of a late night diner, the best known work of Edward Hopper.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 231 ], [ 232, 343 ], [ 344, 472 ], [ 473, 583 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Pictures at an Exhibition} or {Pictures from an Exhibition}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work's third movement depicts children playing in the garden of Tuilieres, while its first movement depicts a deformed gnome.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514597", "qanta_id": 55069, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work's third movement depicts children playing in the garden of Tuilieres, while its first movement depicts a deformed gnome. An enormous Polish oxcart is represented in \"Bydlo\", and its other notable movements include \"Ballet (*) of the Unhatched Chicks\" and \"The Old Castle\". The movement \"Con Linguis in Lingua Mortua\" repeats the opening theme, a \"Promenade\", as does the movement \"The Great Gate of Kiev\", a theme which represents the composer walking to look at the paintings of Victor Hartmann. FTP, name this musical suite by Modest Mussorgsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 282 ], [ 283, 506 ], [ 507, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Crime and Punishment}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In part one, the main character has a vivid dream of men savagely beating an aged horse to death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Crime_and_Punishment", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551459b", "qanta_id": 55073, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In part one, the main character has a vivid dream of men savagely beating an aged horse to death. Svidrigailov commits suicide near the end of this novel, while the drunken Marmeladov is run over by a carriage. The greedy Luzhin (*) attempts to frame a prostitute, and tries to marry Dunya, who instead marries the kind Razumihin. The protagonist compares himself to \"extraordinary\" men like Napoleon, leading him to perform an action that he later confesses to Sonia and the detective Porfiry Petrovich. Beginning with the murder of the pawnbroker Alyona and her sister Lizaveta by Raskolnikov, FTP, name this novel by Dostoyevsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 210 ], [ 211, 330 ], [ 331, 504 ], [ 505, 632 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Hera}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure's cult was particularly strong at Samos, and at Argos this figure's namesake festival involved athletic contests.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hera", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055145b0", "qanta_id": 55094, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure's cult was particularly strong at Samos, and at Argos this figure's namesake festival involved athletic contests. She cursed a nymph named Echo after she learned the nymph was sent to distract (*) her. She sides with Achaeans over Paris and Helen in The Iliad, and occasionally uses the girdle of Aphrodite to weaken the resolve of her husband. She sent two serpents to attempt to kill the infant Heracles, and was also responsible for forcing him to perform his twelve labors. FTP, name this wife of Zeus and queen of the gods.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 213 ], [ 214, 356 ], [ 357, 489 ], [ 490, 540 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Sparta", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In modern times, it is home to the capital of the prefecture of Lacedaemon, which also happens to be the name of its first ruler.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sparta", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055145b6", "qanta_id": 55100, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In modern times, it is home to the capital of the prefecture of Lacedaemon, which also happens to be the name of its first ruler. In ancient times, its kings claimed to be direct descendents of Heracles (*), and only those who underwent the state's military and social education, agoge, were able to become true citizens of it. Leading against the Delian League in the Peloponnesian Wars, FTP, THIS\u2026IS\u2026what Greek city state that held up against a Persian horde at Thermopylae in 480 B.C.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 204 ], [ 204, 327 ], [ 328, 487 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "The Second {Boer} War (also accept {South African War}, and {Anglo- Boer War}; prompt on {Second War of Independence})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The British suffered humiliating defeats at the battles of Colenso, Stormberg, and Magersfontein during five particularly bleak days of this conflict.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Second_Boer_War", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055145d4", "qanta_id": 55130, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The British suffered humiliating defeats at the battles of Colenso, Stormberg, and Magersfontein during five particularly bleak days of this conflict. It was partially caused by the Jameson raid, which failed to overthrow the government of Paul (*) Kruger, and the tide turned after Field Marshal Lord Roberts' forces captured four thousand enemy troops at the Battle of Paardeberg. Ending with the Treaty of Vereeniging, FTP, identify this turn of the century war between the British and two South African republics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 382 ], [ 383, 517 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Thebes}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of them was largest city in and leader of the Boeotian confederacy that sided with the Persians during the 480 BCE invasion led by Xerxes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thebes,_Greece", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055145eb", "qanta_id": 55153, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of them was largest city in and leader of the Boeotian confederacy that sided with the Persians during the 480 BCE invasion led by Xerxes. The other one was known as \"The City of Amin\" (*) during the New Kingdom, and its East Bank was the site of the Karnak and Luxor Temples. FTP, identify the name shared by these two ancient cities, one the location of the Valley of the Kings, the other the mythical home of Oedipus and namesake of a Seven Against conflict.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 280 ], [ 281, 465 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Janus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He is the husband of Juturna and the father of Fontus, who are the goddess and god of springs, fountains, and wells respectively.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Janus", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055145f5", "qanta_id": 55163, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He is the husband of Juturna and the father of Fontus, who are the goddess and god of springs, fountains, and wells respectively. He was typically invoked before any other god in regular liturgies, and his festival of Agonium took place in the 9th day of his namesake (*) month. His temple was kept open during war in honor of him causing a hot spring to erupt which trapped the Sabines for Romulus to capture. Lacking a Greek counterpart, FTP, name this Roman god of doors, gates, and beginnings, famous for having two faces.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 278 ], [ 279, 410 ], [ 411, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Haruki {Murakami}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He has translated many works of authors such as Raymond Carver, John Irving, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Truman Capote into his native language, and received the Franz Kafka Prize in 2006 for his Kafka on the (*) Shore, or Umibe no Kafka.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Haruki_Murakami", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514609", "qanta_id": 55183, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He has translated many works of authors such as Raymond Carver, John Irving, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Truman Capote into his native language, and received the Franz Kafka Prize in 2006 for his Kafka on the (*) Shore, or Umibe no Kafka. In one of his works Toru Watanabe is thrown back to the 1960s after hearing an orchestral cover of a titular Beatles tune. FTP, identify this Japanese author of Norwegian Wood and The Wind-up Bird Chronicle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 234 ], [ 235, 357 ], [ 358, 442 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Loki}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He appears as a red-haired boy who asks David to help him hide from Mr. Wedding in a novel by Diana Wynne Jones.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Loki", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514646", "qanta_id": 55244, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He appears as a red-haired boy who asks David to help him hide from Mr. Wedding in a novel by Diana Wynne Jones. In the Atlas Comics series Journey into Mystery, he caused Carl Creel to become Absorbing Man, while in the Sandman series, the Corinthian eats his eyes after this figure holds Daniel hostage. Alan Cumming portrayed this character in Son of the Mask, and in Shopgirl, Mirabelle's best friend, played by Samantha Shelton, goes by this name. More famously, a character by this name complains about having to rain down sulfur at Sodom and Gomorrah to his companion Bartleby. FTP, give the name of Matt Damon's character in Dogma, also shared by a certain trickster god from Norse myth.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 305 ], [ 306, 452 ], [ 453, 584 ], [ 585, 695 ] ], "tournament": "MLK", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{phosphorus} or {P} before mentioned", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A compound consisting of oxygen, chlorine, and this element reacts with DMF to produce the formylating agent used in the Vilsmeier reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Phosphorus", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514653", "qanta_id": 55257, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A compound consisting of oxygen, chlorine, and this element reacts with DMF to produce the formylating agent used in the Vilsmeier reaction. It is the central atom in a phenyl-containing compound that is oxidized in both the Mitsunobu Esterification and the reduction of azides to amines in the Staudinger Reaction. This element can form double bonds through p-pi/d-pi bonding, which can alternately be depicted as adjacent positive and negative charges. Such a double bond between this element and carbon is found in a reagent that reacts with carbonyl groups to give alkenes in the Wittig reaction. FTP, identify this element that forms ylides and in the backbone of nucleic acids with atomic symbol P.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 315 ], [ 316, 454 ], [ 455, 600 ], [ 601, 704 ] ], "tournament": "MLK", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "(literature of) {Cuba}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One writer from this country imitated James Joyce in the middle section of his book Three Trapped Tigers, while another published in 1937 his first book of poems, Death of Narcissus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cuba", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551467a", "qanta_id": 55296, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One writer from this country imitated James Joyce in the middle section of his book Three Trapped Tigers, while another published in 1937 his first book of poems, Death of Narcissus. A movie based on the work of one man from this country starred Johnny Depp as Leiutenant Victor and was entitled Before Night Falls. Another writer of this nation is known for work like Explosion in a Cathedral, The Lost Steps, and The Kingdom of This World, which launched the famed literary style of magic realism. The setting of Islands in the Stream and the nationality of Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea, FTP, name this nation, whose literature may also include some fascinating letters by Fidel Castro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 315 ], [ 316, 499 ], [ 500, 695 ] ], "tournament": "MLK", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{dog}s (accept doggy, hounds, Fido, random barking sounds, etc.)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of these creatures appears in Finnish myth named Musti and goes with Kullervo into the forest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514687", "qanta_id": 55309, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these creatures appears in Finnish myth named Musti and goes with Kullervo into the forest. In Hindu myth, one of them named Sarama helps Indra conquer the demons called Panis. In Irish myth, Turrean was transformed into one of these by a rod and then gave birth to two more named Sceolan and Bran, owned by Finn MacCool. Tristan had one named Husdant and King Arthur had one named Cabal who left his mark at Buelt. A special one in Greek myth, Laelaps, was given as a gift to Europa. FTP, name this type of creature also represented by the two-headed Orthrus belonging to Geryon and the three-headed Cerberus that guards the gates of hell, and by Lassie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 183 ], [ 184, 328 ], [ 329, 422 ], [ 423, 491 ], [ 492, 662 ] ], "tournament": "MLK", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{F}rancis {Bacon}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His cosmology was a conjunction of the astronomy of Alpetragius and the chemistry of Paracelsus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Francis_Bacon", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551468a", "qanta_id": 55312, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His cosmology was a conjunction of the astronomy of Alpetragius and the chemistry of Paracelsus. In one of his early works, he compared his theories to a bee gathering honey, in contrast to a spider spinning a web. In that work he also attacked the work of Telesio, as an extension of earlier criticisms in On the Principles and Origins According to the Fables of Cupid and Coleum. In the second part of his most famous work he discussed his catalog of errors in human ideas, which are caused by \"the Cave\", \"the market-place,\" or \"the Tribe.\" These Idols were later expounded upon in The Advancement of Learning. FTP, identify this philosopher who advocated for the scientific method in his Novum Organum and wrote The New Atlantis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 214 ], [ 215, 381 ], [ 382, 543 ], [ 544, 613 ], [ 614, 733 ] ], "tournament": "MLK", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Carthage}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A force of this city defeated Dorieus when he attempted to found a colony at the foot of Mount Eryx.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carthage", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055146ee", "qanta_id": 55412, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A force of this city defeated Dorieus when he attempted to found a colony at the foot of Mount Eryx. It founded the city of Gabir and emerged victorious under Malchus, who was later banished. Its government featured a body of judges known as the Hundred and Four and it celebrated the cult of the goddess Tanit, at the religious district or Tophet in the south. This is where its practice of child sacrifice is said to have occurred, and its power center was the citadel Byrsa. It was defeated at the Battle of Himera and a revolution overthrew its Mago dynasty. Led by several members of the Barca family, FTP, name this ancient Phoenician city which fought against Rome in the Punic Wars.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 191 ], [ 192, 361 ], [ 362, 477 ], [ 478, 562 ], [ 563, 690 ] ], "tournament": "MLK", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "George {Washington} [1]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Alfred Henry Maurer created a cubist portrait of this figure in 1932, while Frank O'Hara wrote about \"First Seeing Larry River's\" 1953 re-imagining of a famous painting of him at the Museum of Modern Art. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514725", "qanta_id": 55467, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Alfred Henry Maurer created a cubist portrait of this figure in 1932, while Frank O'Hara wrote about \"First Seeing Larry River's\" 1953 re-imagining of a famous painting of him at the Museum of Modern Art. One monument surrounded him with the allegorical figures of \"Finance\" (+) and \"Justice\", while he awkwardly stands cross-legged in a yellow suit in a painting by the creator of 1822's The Artist in His Museum. A moderately well executed painting of this figure was known as the \"Vaughan\" (*) version, created by the same artist who executed a portrait of Catherine Brass Yates and the \"Lansdowne\" version of him. This figure's massive, muscular left hand grips a sword in a Zeus-like sculpture by Horatio Greenough, although in a better work he is shown standing, dressed in contemporary military garb because Jean- Antoine Houdon was not allowed to create an equestrian monument. FTP, identify this historical figure whose \"Athenaeum\" portrait by Gilbert Stuart appears on the One Dollar Bill.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 206, 417 ], [ 417, 621 ], [ 621, 890 ], [ 890, 1003 ] ], "tournament": "Gunpei Yokoi Memorial Open (side event)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Gustavus Adolphus} or {Gustav II Adolph}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He waged war from 1621-29 against his cousin Zygmunt III, king of Poland, who maintained a claim to his country's throne.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514778", "qanta_id": 55550, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He waged war from 1621-29 against his cousin Zygmunt III, king of Poland, who maintained a claim to his country's throne. He secured the Treaty of Stolbova, saving a stranded army in Russia, and allied with the French in the Thirty Years' War by the Treaty of Altmark. His chancellor Count Oxenstierna led diplomatic affairs while he warred, occupying Bavaria and Bohemia after victory at the 1631 Battle of Breitenfeld. The son of Charles IX, he was succeeded by his daughter Christina after dying at the 1632 Battle of L\u00fctzen. FTP, identify this Lion of the North and 17th century Swedish king.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 268 ], [ 269, 420 ], [ 421, 528 ], [ 529, 596 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Quetzalcoatl}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His symbol indicates that he may be an ancestor of the Mayan god Kulkulkan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055147c3", "qanta_id": 55625, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His symbol indicates that he may be an ancestor of the Mayan god Kulkulkan. He shares his name with a ruler credited with the discovery of corn and the invention of the calendar. Most sources say that he disappeared when his rival tricked him into leaving his holy city Tula. One legend states that birds were created from his body and his heart became the morning star when holy fire consumed him upon arrival on the Gulf of Mexico. Another version states that he sailed east on a raft of serpents in search of a mythical continent, promising to return. FTP, name this deity, who may have been expected by Aztec high priests in 1517, leading to his confusion with Cortez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 178 ], [ 179, 275 ], [ 276, 433 ], [ 434, 554 ], [ 555, 672 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Jainism}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Central to its belief system is the doctrine of two eternal, coexisting, independent categories known as jiva and ajiva.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055147e0", "qanta_id": 55654, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Central to its belief system is the doctrine of two eternal, coexisting, independent categories known as jiva and ajiva. Divided into the sects Digambara and Svetambara, in this religion the actions of mind, speech, and body produce subtle karma, which becomes the cause of bondage, and the soul must be freed of karma through the three \"jewels\" of right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct to achieve moksha. FTP, identify this religion often associated with the non-violence doctrine of ahimsa, founded by Nataputta Mahavira.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 415 ], [ 416, 533 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Shiv}a", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This figure's blue neck is a reminder of a heroic effort to protect mankind from the poison of the primeval ocean.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shiva", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055147e7", "qanta_id": 55661, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure's blue neck is a reminder of a heroic effort to protect mankind from the poison of the primeval ocean. Also known as Nataraja, the cosmic dancer, he is often worshipped in the form of a phallus. His head is decorated with the crescent moon and the Ganges, which trickles down his hair, but never into his third eye which houses a deadly ray of destruction when focused. He dwells on Mount Kailasa with his sons Skanda and Ganesha. FTP, identify this consort of Parvati, an important Hindu deity known as the destroyer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 206 ], [ 207, 381 ], [ 382, 442 ], [ 443, 530 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{alkene}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "They can be prepared by dehalogenation of a vicinyl dihalide or via dehydration of an alcohol.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkene", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca9055147ec", "qanta_id": 55666, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "They can be prepared by dehalogenation of a vicinyl dihalide or via dehydration of an alcohol. Said to be characteristically unsaturated, their main features are sp2-hybridized. The characteristic feature of these compounds consists of a pi bond resulting from the side-to-side overlap of the remaining p orbital on each carbon. Consisting of the general formula CnH2n, the most notable examples include propene and ethylene. FTP, name this general class of organic compounds characterized by its carbon-carbon double bonds.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 177 ], [ 178, 328 ], [ 329, 425 ], [ 426, 524 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "The {Red and the Black} or {Le rouge et le noir}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A pivotal scene in this novel takes place when the Bishop of Agde convinces the main character that the path to power lies with the Church.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Red_and_the_Black", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514826", "qanta_id": 55724, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A pivotal scene in this novel takes place when the Bishop of Agde convinces the main character that the path to power lies with the Church. The main character is sent by M. Ch\u00e9lan to the Besan\u00e7on seminary to avoid the scandal that forms the first part of this novel. Fouqu\u00e9's offer of a lucrative position in the lumber industry is rejected, and the main character's many lovers include Mathilde de la Mole, whose father ennobles him, and Elisa, the maidservant to Mme. de R\u00eanal, who he also seduces. FTP, identify this novel that centers on Julien Sorel, perhaps the most famous work of Stendahl.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 266 ], [ 267, 469 ], [ 470, 500 ], [ 501, 597 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Tom} Wingfield (prompt on {Wingfield})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His father skipped town a long time ago and is not heard from except for a terse postcard farewell from Mexico.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Glass_Menagerie", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551483f", "qanta_id": 55749, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His father skipped town a long time ago and is not heard from except for a terse postcard farewell from Mexico. He tells the audience that he is the opposite of a magician because he shows the truth disguised as an illusion. An aspiring poet, he begins Scene III with a reference to the \"fiasco at Rubicam's Business College,\" where his sister dropped out without telling their mother. He recommends Jim O'Connor as a gentleman caller for his sister, and his mother Amanda heartily approves. FTP, identify this brother of Laura Wingfield and narrator of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 224 ], [ 225, 385 ], [ 386, 491 ], [ 492, 594 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Romance of the Three Kingdoms} or {San-kuo chih yen-i}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "An important event is the establishment of Anyi as the new capital by the emperor, and a comic scene occurs in the second chapter as He Jin plots to kill the eunuchs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514846", "qanta_id": 55756, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An important event is the establishment of Anyi as the new capital by the emperor, and a comic scene occurs in the second chapter as He Jin plots to kill the eunuchs. It begins and ends with the same overture, a song about the Great River. This novel opens with three heroes swearing brotherhood in a peach orchard. One of the heroes, Kuan Y\u00fc, is a war god, while another main character, Chuko Liang, is depicted as the voice of wisdom. Perhaps the most recognizable character is the Machiavellian Ts'ao Tsao. FTP, identify this 14th century Chinese novel by Lo Kuan-chung that takes place in Wei, Shu, and Wu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 239 ], [ 240, 315 ], [ 316, 436 ], [ 437, 509 ], [ 510, 610 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "James Fenimore {Cooper}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He was expelled from Yale for training a donkey to sit in a professor's chair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Fenimore_Cooper", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514852", "qanta_id": 55768, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was expelled from Yale for training a donkey to sit in a professor's chair. He defended the existence of a landed gentry in his 1845 antirent trilogy The Littlepage Manuscripts. He wrote the first American novel of the sea, 1823's The Pilot, though his first novel, Precaution, was a distinct failure. He is most famous for another literary creation that sported such characters as Uncas and Chingachgook. FTP, identify this American author of such novels as The Deerslayer, The Pioneer, and Last of the Mohicans.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 180 ], [ 181, 304 ], [ 305, 408 ], [ 409, 516 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{ribosome}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "They are synthesized by the nucleolus and are comprised of two subunits, the larger of which contains the P binding site that holds initiator tRNA, and the A site that acquires the tRNA bearing the next amino acid to be added to the chain determined by the mRNA these organelles receive from the nucleus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ribosome", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514862", "qanta_id": 55784, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "They are synthesized by the nucleolus and are comprised of two subunits, the larger of which contains the P binding site that holds initiator tRNA, and the A site that acquires the tRNA bearing the next amino acid to be added to the chain determined by the mRNA these organelles receive from the nucleus. The free type of these is found in the cytosol, while the bound type is attached to the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. FTP, name this organelle that assembles proteins.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 304 ], [ 305, 432 ], [ 433, 482 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Bellerophon}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Proteus of Argos's wife Anteia fell into unrequited love with this hero and accused him of wronging her, so Proteus sent him to Iobates of Lycia bearing a letter asking Iobates to execute him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bellerophon", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551486f", "qanta_id": 55797, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Proteus of Argos's wife Anteia fell into unrequited love with this hero and accused him of wronging her, so Proteus sent him to Iobates of Lycia bearing a letter asking Iobates to execute him. Iobates, having given him shelter, did not risk the wrath of Zeus by killing him outright but rather sent him on missions, including fighting the Solymi and Amazons, but the most famous mission involved using the creature that sprang from Medusa's blood to slay the Chimera. FTP, name this hero who used Athena's golden bridle to tame Pegasus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 467 ], [ 468, 536 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{red blood cell}s or {erythrocytes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Westergren and Wintrobe's methods are most commonly used to calculate their sedimentation rate.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Red_blood_cell", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514918", "qanta_id": 55966, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Westergren and Wintrobe's methods are most commonly used to calculate their sedimentation rate. They can present nuclear fragments known as Howell- Jolly bodies and those of unequal size are referred to as anisocytes. They have a tendency to create Rouleaux formations, but not in their late immature form as reticulocytes. Other properties include an average lifespan of 120 days and a characteristic biconcave shape. For 10 points, name these cells that are destroyed in the spleen after performing their function of transporting hemoglobin through the blood.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 217 ], [ 218, 323 ], [ 324, 418 ], [ 419, 561 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Don Giovanni}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Discussed in \"The Immediate Erotic Stages\" by Kierkegaard, this opera features the Champagne Aria \"Finch' han dal vino\" sung in anticipation of a ballroom scene with three simultaneously playing orchestras.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Giovanni", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca905514937", "qanta_id": 55997, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Discussed in \"The Immediate Erotic Stages\" by Kierkegaard, this opera features the Champagne Aria \"Finch' han dal vino\" sung in anticipation of a ballroom scene with three simultaneously playing orchestras. Music at a dinner party in Act Two includes quotes from the composer's own \"Non piu andrai,\" but the opera is better known for other arias including \"Deh vieni alla finestra,\" \"Batti, batti, o bel Masetto,\" and \"La ci darem la mano,\" a duet with the country girl Zerlina. Subtitled \"The rake punished\" and with libretto by Da Ponte, for 10 points, identify this Mozart opera famed for Leporello's Catalogue Aria about the conquests of the titular renowned lover.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 478 ], [ 479, 669 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Romance of the Three Kingdoms} or {San Guo} Zhi {Yan Yi}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of the main characters was deified as Sangharama Bodhisattva, despite his rather ignominious beheading at the hands of Sun Quan.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551493b", "qanta_id": 56001, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the main characters was deified as Sangharama Bodhisattva, despite his rather ignominious beheading at the hands of Sun Quan. This man was also known for sharing a bed with Zhang Fei and Liu Bei, and later for receiving the horse Red Hare as a gift for surrendering to the founder of Wei, Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang serves ably as Liu Bei's chief advisor and strategist, and Guan Yu and his bedmates swear the Peach Blossom Oath in, for 10 points, this Chinese novel written by Luo Guanzhong, which chronicles the tumultuous period at the end of the Han Dynasty in China.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 304 ], [ 305, 572 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Erik Homburger {Erikson}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He landed at the Austen Riggs Center after refusing to sign a loyalty oath with the University of California.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Erik_Erikson", "proto_id": "5476da93ea23cca90551494b", "qanta_id": 56017, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He landed at the Austen Riggs Center after refusing to sign a loyalty oath with the University of California. His late works include the essay collections A Way of Looking at Things and Life History and the Historical Moment, as well as two excursions into \"psychohistory,\" one of which considered the \"origins of militant nonviolence.\" His studies of the Sioux and Yurok Indians led him to the views on personality development expressed in 1950's Childhood and Society. For 10 points, name this German-born psychoanalyst who wrote Young Man Luther and argued that there are eight stages of psychological development.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 154 ], [ 155, 336 ], [ 337, 470 ], [ 471, 617 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Ozone} or {O}{3}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Below its boiling point, it is a dark blue liquid, and it exists as a blue-black crystalline solid; as a gas, it is less stable than its more common allotrope.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ozone", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514990", "qanta_id": 56086, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Below its boiling point, it is a dark blue liquid, and it exists as a blue-black crystalline solid; as a gas, it is less stable than its more common allotrope. Discovered by Christian Friedrich Sch\u00f6nbein in 1840, this powerful oxidizing agent is used as a disinfectant and is produced industrially either using a mercury heat lamp or a process called cold discharge. For 10 points, name this compound formed by lightning or the action of solar ultraviolet light on diatomic oxygen, naturally present at about ten parts per million in its namesake layer of the stratosphere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 366 ], [ 367, 573 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Abraham {Maslow}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He termed the fear of knowing one's self \"the Jonah complex,\" and late in his life he pioneered the study of \"transpersonal psychology,\" which derived a lot of its inspiration from non-Western sources.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Abraham_Maslow", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055149b7", "qanta_id": 56125, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He termed the fear of knowing one's self \"the Jonah complex,\" and late in his life he pioneered the study of \"transpersonal psychology,\" which derived a lot of its inspiration from non-Western sources. In a 1968 work he tried to steer people away from what he called \"D-perception\" and \"D-motivation\" and Towards a Psychology of Being. Works like Eupsychian Management and Motivation and Personality develop the ideas based on his most revolutionary paradigm, which was introduced to him by his colleague at Brandeis, Kurt Goldstein. This idea posited that persons would be unable to reach their full potential, or self-actualize, without taking care of certain basic necessities. For 10 points, identify this father of humanistic psychology who developed a pyramidal hierarchy of needs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 201 ], [ 202, 335 ], [ 336, 533 ], [ 534, 680 ], [ 681, 787 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "The {Baha\u2019i} Faith", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The largest split since its founding was a claim to the title of Guardian of the Faith by Charles Mason Remey.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055149d4", "qanta_id": 56154, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The largest split since its founding was a claim to the title of Guardian of the Faith by Charles Mason Remey. Several thousand split off and now refer to themselves as the Orthodox, but they were declared Covenant-Breakers by the Hands of the Cause of God. Their Lotus Temple in Delhi, the Asian center of worship for this widespread religion, was completed in 1986, but it is less well known by Americans than the Wilmette, Illinois temple, referred to as the Mother Temple in the West. For 10 points, what is this religion founded by Mirz\u00e1 Husayn-\u2018Al\u00ed, better known by his title of Bah\u00e1'u'll\u00e1h.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 257 ], [ 258, 488 ], [ 489, 597 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Death in Venice} or Der {Tod in Venedig}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This novel's protagonist dreams of a crouching tiger in the jungle and has several further visions including a conversation on the spiritual value of love between Socrates and Phaedrus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_in_Venice", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514a18", "qanta_id": 56222, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel's protagonist dreams of a crouching tiger in the jungle and has several further visions including a conversation on the spiritual value of love between Socrates and Phaedrus. Under the influence of \"that dark God whose pleasure it is to trample man's reason and dignity underfoot,\" the protagonist dyes his hair and dons makeup to imitate a deranged old gondolier and meets the \"vassal\" Jashu, who nearly suffocates the object of his pursuit in the final scenes, when Tadzio discovers the protagonist. For 10 points, name this Thomas Mann novel in which Gustav von Aschenbach engages in the title activity due to cholera.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 512 ], [ 513, 632 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Theodore {Gericault}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "On his deathbed, he competed sketches for unrealized works like Opening of the Doors of the Spanish Inquisition and African Slave Trade, while his early works include the grim pen-and-ink Executioner Strangling a Prisoner and the neoclassicist Centaur Carrying Off a Woman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Th\u00e9odore_G\u00e9ricault", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514a30", "qanta_id": 56246, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "On his deathbed, he competed sketches for unrealized works like Opening of the Doors of the Spanish Inquisition and African Slave Trade, while his early works include the grim pen-and-ink Executioner Strangling a Prisoner and the neoclassicist Centaur Carrying Off a Woman. His later work includes portraits of the patients of his friend Dr. Etienne-Jean Georget such as Kleptomania, Gambling Mania, Delusion of Military Command, and Manic Envy. His best-known work has a man waving a flag toward a barely-visible ship in the distance while several others struggle to remain afloat on a makeshift vessel. For 10 points, name this French realist painter of The Raft of the Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 273 ], [ 274, 445 ], [ 446, 604 ], [ 605, 679 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Utilitarianism}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its final chapter notes that Herbert Spencer objects to being labeled an opponent of the titular concept, and that its title was gleaned from an expression in Galt's Annals of the Parish.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Utilitarianism", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514a42", "qanta_id": 56264, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its final chapter notes that Herbert Spencer objects to being labeled an opponent of the titular concept, and that its title was gleaned from an expression in Galt's Annals of the Parish. The fifth chapter meshes justice with the titular concept, stating that justice can be \"moralised by the social feeling.\" Its second chapter famously claims it is \"better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied,\" and it bases its titular doctrine on the idea \"that pleasure and freedom from pain are the only things desirable as ends.\" For 10 points, name this work that espouses \"the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people,\" a philosophical tract by John Stuart Mill.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 308 ], [ 308, 309 ], [ 310, 533 ], [ 534, 680 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Philip Milton Roth", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one novella by this author, the protagonist quotes from \"Why I Am Not a Christian\" to Hawes Caudwell, the Dean of Men at Winesburg College but ends up dead in the Korean War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philip_Roth", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514a95", "qanta_id": 56347, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novella by this author, the protagonist quotes from \"Why I Am Not a Christian\" to Hawes Caudwell, the Dean of Men at Winesburg College but ends up dead in the Korean War. The interfaith marriage of Libby and Paul Herz causes strain in a novel he wrote narrated by Gabe Wallach. He created a professor who calls two black students (*) \"spooks\" but is revealed to be passing as white. This creator of Coleman Silk in The Human Stain imagined the United States turning into a fascist state under President Lindbergh in The Plot Against America. For 10 points, name this author who wrote of Nathan Zuckerman in American Pastoral.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 284 ], [ 285, 389 ], [ 390, 548 ], [ 549, 632 ] ], "tournament": "NHBB College Nationals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Denmark", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In 1846, an organization called the Society of Friends to Farmers formed in this country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Denmark", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514ae1", "qanta_id": 56423, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1846, an organization called the Society of Friends to Farmers formed in this country. This nation's last succession struggle was a 16th-century conflict called the Count's War, a conflict waged by by forces under the command of Christopher of Oldenbourg. After disbanding this nation's Royal Guards in 1771, the royal secretary Johann Friedrich Struensee was executed here. The March Cabinet was formed in this country by its king, (*) Frederik VII, resulting in a creation of the bicameral Folketing. This nation ceded one of its major possessions to one of its neighbors via the Treaty of Kiel, which ended this country's domination of its neighbor, Norway. For 10 points, identify this nation ruled by a number of kings named Christian.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 258 ], [ 259, 377 ], [ 378, 435 ], [ 436, 439 ], [ 440, 505 ], [ 506, 663 ], [ 664, 743 ] ], "tournament": "NHBB College Nationals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Vienna, Austria", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Paul Strudel created life-size marble statues for the Hofbibliothek in this city.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vienna", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514afc", "qanta_id": 56450, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Paul Strudel created life-size marble statues for the Hofbibliothek in this city. One artist working in this city created The Cushion, while another created the Kubus armchair. Those works were created by Max Kurzweil and Josef Hoffmann. A building here was designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich and is topped by a gold dome. An art movement in this city was led by a man who created Brussels' Stoclet (*) Frieze and used eyes and gold leaf to decorate the dress of Adele Bloch-Bauer. For 10 points, name this city home to an art secession movement led by Gustav Klimt, who painted a frieze of its greatest classical composer, Beethoven.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 176 ], [ 177, 237 ], [ 238, 320 ], [ 321, 479 ], [ 480, 633 ] ], "tournament": "NHBB College Nationals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Tang Dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One emperor of this dynasty established the Intrepid Militia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tang_dynasty", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514b06", "qanta_id": 56460, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One emperor of this dynasty established the Intrepid Militia. Women began fashioning their hair into the \"convict cinch\" in sympathy for an exiled ruler from this dynasty living in Chengdu named Xizong. This dynasty was briefly interrupted by the self-proclaimed Second Zhou Dynasty. One ruler of this dynasty died when his wife, the future (*) Empress Wei, poisoned his pastry, although Wu would be succeeded by the long-ruling Emperor Xuanzong. Its first ruler, Gaozu, defeated the last Sui emperor. Later, An Lushan rebelled against this dynasty. For 10 points, during which Chinese dynasty did poet Li Po live?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 202 ], [ 203, 283 ], [ 284, 446 ], [ 447, 503 ], [ 503, 550 ], [ 551, 615 ] ], "tournament": "NHBB College Nationals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Kenya}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One politician in this country had to renounce his status of \"ker,\" derived from descent from Ramogi Ajwang, in order to run for offce.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenya", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514b1c", "qanta_id": 56482, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One politician in this country had to renounce his status of \"ker,\" derived from descent from Ramogi Ajwang, in order to run for offce. A Nilotic- speaking ethnic group in this country dominates its trade unions. Another ethnic group in this country circumcises pubescent males to make them moran warriors. Home to the Luo, this country's different ethnic groups were united under the banner of (*) harambee. This country's Ukambani region is home to a large population of Kamba people. One president of this country publicly burned 12 tons of ivory in 1989; that man was named Daniel arap Moi. This nation was home to the Mau Mau Revolt. For 10 points, name this country once ruled by Jomo Kenyatta.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 212 ], [ 213, 307 ], [ 308, 409 ], [ 410, 489 ], [ 489, 596 ], [ 597, 640 ], [ 641, 702 ] ], "tournament": "NHBB College Nationals", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Dylan Marlais {Thomas}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His affair with C.P. Snow's future wife ended when this man married Caitlin Macnamara, whom he called \"Betty Boop\" in their extensive correspondence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dylan_Thomas", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514ba2", "qanta_id": 56616, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His affair with C.P. Snow's future wife ended when this man married Caitlin Macnamara, whom he called \"Betty Boop\" in their extensive correspondence. At his death, he left unfinished the autobiographical Adventures in the Skin Trade. His prose includes 1953's film script The Doctor and the Devils and the 1940 story collection, in satire of Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog. Two of his most popular works were published after his death: the \"play for voices\" Under Milk Wood and the short story \"A Child's Christmas in Wales.\" For 10 points, name this Welsh poet best known for the 1946 poem \"Fern Hill\" and the 1951 villanelle \"Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 233 ], [ 234, 389 ], [ 390, 541 ], [ 542, 644 ], [ 644, 683 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia J'ACCUSE!", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Antonio {Vivaldi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He claimed to have spent only five days writing the score for Tito Manlio, which, along with Griselda and Nerone Fatto Cesare, is one of his many forgotten operas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514bb2", "qanta_id": 56632, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He claimed to have spent only five days writing the score for Tito Manlio, which, along with Griselda and Nerone Fatto Cesare, is one of his many forgotten operas. He also wrote the oratorio Judith Truimphans, but made his mark with instrumental works like The Harmonic Inspiration, a 12 part series in which he developed the standard three movement concerto form. This Baroque composer wrote concertos for the oboe, cello, and mandolin, but he was mainly a virtuoso violinist, and pioneered program music in a seminal tetralogy of concertos for the violin. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of the Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 364 ], [ 365, 557 ], [ 558, 620 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia J'ACCUSE!", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Niels {Bohr}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An effect bearing this man's name states that when blood pH decreases, so does the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Niels_Bohr", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514bd7", "qanta_id": 56669, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An effect bearing this man's name states that when blood pH decreases, so does the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen. If p and q are generalized momentum and position, the requirement that the path integral of p dq be equal to an integer times hbar is known as his and Sommerfeld's quantization rule. His son shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in physics for work on atomic structure with Ben Mottelson and Leo Rainwater, and this man himself originated such ideas as the correspondence principle and an interpretation of quantum mechanics named for his home city. For 10 points, identify this man who first proposed the quantization of angular momentum and who received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1922, a native of Copenhagen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 303 ], [ 304, 560 ], [ 561, 726 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia J'ACCUSE!", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{torque}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "For non-rigid motion, this quantity typically appears on the right-hand side of the Liousville equation, and in the Euler equations it is equal to the omega cross", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Torque", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514bf0", "qanta_id": 56694, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For non-rigid motion, this quantity typically appears on the right-hand side of the Liousville equation, and in the Euler equations it is equal to the omega cross r cross omega plus d r cross omega dt. If this quantity as applied to a rigid body is not constant with respect to time, nutation results, and a constant one will cause free precession, which is proportional to one over the strength of this quantity. Equal to the time derivative of angular momentum, For 10 points, identify this rotational analogue of force, also sometimes written as force times distance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 201 ], [ 202, 413 ], [ 414, 570 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia J'ACCUSE!", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "B\u00e9la {Bart\u00f3k}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Tibor Serley finished the violin concerto left incomplete at this man's death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B\u00e9la_Bart\u00f3k", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514c09", "qanta_id": 56719, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Tibor Serley finished the violin concerto left incomplete at this man's death. He was influenced by Arab music and his homeland's folk tunes in the re-assertion of tonality found in his much-praised six string quartets. His choral work includes Cantata Profana and his six-volume collection of grand piano pieces, Mikrokosmos, is still used for its original purpose of technical instruction. His works for the stage include the ballets Caprichos, The Wooden Prince and The Miraculous Mandarin. For 10 points, name this composer who worked with Zoltan Kodaly to chronicle Hungarian folk music and wrote the opera Duke Bluebeard's Castle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 219 ], [ 220, 391 ], [ 392, 493 ], [ 494, 636 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia J'ACCUSE!", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Janus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After emigrating from Thessaly this figure was welcomed by Camese, with whom he fathered Tiberinus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Janus", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514c30", "qanta_id": 56758, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After emigrating from Thessaly this figure was welcomed by Camese, with whom he fathered Tiberinus. Other children include Fons by the nymph Juturna, and with the nymph Carna he was the progenitor of a line of Kings of Alba Longa. Originally a King of Latium, he was deified by Numa Pompilius. In one story he halted a Sabine attack by causing a hot spring to erupt, which led to the doors of his temple being opened in all further times of war. For 10 points, name this two-faced Roman god of beginnings and gateways, the namesake of the Gregorian calendar's first month.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 230 ], [ 231, 293 ], [ 294, 445 ], [ 446, 572 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia J'ACCUSE!", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Ganesh}a [or {Ganesa} or {Ganapati}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one legend, this being's life is saved due to a bid for immortality by Gajasura, and the date of his salvation is commemorated by the festival Chaturthi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ganesha", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514c39", "qanta_id": 56767, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one legend, this being's life is saved due to a bid for immortality by Gajasura, and the date of his salvation is commemorated by the festival Chaturthi. His devouring of the city of Alakapuri results in the humbling of Kubera, and according to the Linga Purana, he may have been created to destroy the pride of the Asura tribe. As a scribe, Vyas Dev dictates the Mahabharata to him, and he wins his wives Buddhi and Siddhi by learning scriptures while tricking his brother Skanda into racing around the world. For 10 points, name this son of Shiva and Parvati, the remover of obstacles of Hindu myth who has the head of an elephant.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 331 ], [ 332, 513 ], [ 514, 636 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia J'ACCUSE!", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Cnidaria} [do not accept \u201ccoelenterata\u201d due to the first clue]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The name of this animal phylum comes from the Greek word for \"nettle.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cnidaria", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514c59", "qanta_id": 56799, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The name of this animal phylum comes from the Greek word for \"nettle.\" Composed of the four classes Anthozoa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa, and Scyphozoa, all members feature radial symmetry, hydrostatic skeletons, and barbed stinging cells called nematocysts. Living exclusively in underwater habitats, FTP, what group includes coral, anemones, hydras, and jellyfish?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 249 ], [ 250, 357 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Electronegativity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Mulliken version of this quantity is calculated as the quantity I plus A over two, where I is the ionization potential and A is the electron affinity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electronegativity", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514c9a", "qanta_id": 56863, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Mulliken version of this quantity is calculated as the quantity I plus A over two, where I is the ionization potential and A is the electron affinity. The more common Pauling calculation uses bond dissociation energies, and compares it to a standard value of 4 for fluorine. For 10 points--name this measure of an atom's ability to acquire electrons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 278 ], [ 279, 354 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "The {Glass Menagerie}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This play revolves around the visit of Jim O'Connor, a former classmate of a girl he remembers as \"Blue Roses\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Glass_Menagerie", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514ceb", "qanta_id": 56944, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This play revolves around the visit of Jim O'Connor, a former classmate of a girl he remembers as \"Blue Roses\". During the course of the disastrous evening, he breaks the horn off of her unicorn figurine and reveals that he is already engaged to somebody else. FTP, narrator Tom Wingfield abandons his mother Amanda and crippled sister Laura in what play by Tennessee Williams?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 262 ], [ 262, 378 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "The {Decameron}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Pampinea, Filomena, Fiametta, Pamfilo, Filostrato, and five other young noble persons go into the country to escape the plague.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Decameron", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514d02", "qanta_id": 56967, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Pampinea, Filomena, Fiametta, Pamfilo, Filostrato, and five other young noble persons go into the country to escape the plague. To pass the time they decide to elect a ruler for the day and tell stories about the theme that the ruler selects. Including stories about Tancred and the golden cup, Federigo and his falcon, and the patient Griselda, the work comprises one hundred tales. FTP name this 1351 work, the precursor of The Canterbury Tales and the modern short story, written by Giovanni Bocaccio.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 242 ], [ 243, 383 ], [ 384, 504 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "E.E. {Cummings} (or Cummings)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet was interned for associating with supposed spies during World War I, an experience that was symbolically recounted in The Enormous Room.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._E._Cummings", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514d18", "qanta_id": 56989, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet was interned for associating with supposed spies during World War I, an experience that was symbolically recounted in The Enormous Room. A part-time member of the American expatriate circle in Paris, his first book of poems was Tulips and Chimneys. FTP, name this poet, author of \"The Cambridge Ladies\", \"in Just-\", \"the greedy the people\", and \"nobody lived in a pretty how town\", famous for inventing words and refraining from capitalization.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 258 ], [ 259, 454 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Michelangelo Merisi da {Caravaggio}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The fruit and flower pieces he executed in the employ of Cesare D'Arpino are now lost, but other works done for Cardinal Francesco del Monte survive, such as the scene of young men known as \"The Musicians.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Caravaggio", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514d30", "qanta_id": 57013, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The fruit and flower pieces he executed in the employ of Cesare D'Arpino are now lost, but other works done for Cardinal Francesco del Monte survive, such as the scene of young men known as \"The Musicians.\" During his time in Rome he painted the harshly lit \"The Deposition of Christ\" and \"Death of the Virgin\", but in 1606 he was forced to flee to Naples by the fallout of a tennis match that led to murder charges. FTP, who was this realist painter of \"St. Matthew and the Angel\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 416 ], [ 417, 482 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "T(homas) S(tearns) Eliot", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "While in France, he attended lectures by Henri Bergson and read poetry with Alain-Fournier.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "T._S._Eliot", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514f5b", "qanta_id": 57568, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While in France, he attended lectures by Henri Bergson and read poetry with Alain-Fournier. His literary criticism was collected in the volume Sacred Wood, and he wrote the drama Sweeney [i] Agonistes, but he is best known for his poetry. For 10 points\u2014name this author of The Four Quartets and The Waste Land.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 238 ], [ 239, 310 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Peter Paul Rubens [prompt on \u201cRubenesque\u201d]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He trained under Adam van Noort and Otto van Veen; his first work was Portrait of a Young Man. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_Paul_Rubens", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514f6b", "qanta_id": 57584, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He trained under Adam van Noort and Otto van Veen; his first work was Portrait of a Young Man. Hired by the duke of Mantua, he moved to Italy, where he mostly copied Renaissance paintings. At the wedding of France's Henry IV, the [i] bride invited him to France. The artist of The Hippopotamus Hunt, and The Descent from the Cross\u2014for 10 points\u2014name this Baroque Flemish master whose name now describes full-figured women.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 96, 189 ], [ 190, 263 ], [ 264, 346 ], [ 346, 423 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Tom Wingfield", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His mother forbids him to read D. H. Lawrence, actually confiscating and returning the book he'd checked out from the library.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Glass_Menagerie", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905514f93", "qanta_id": 57624, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His mother forbids him to read D. H. Lawrence, actually confiscating and returning the book he'd checked out from the library. Because he \"likes [*] adventure,\" he goes to the movies at midnight, returning at two in the morning; but by scene three, his sister Laura tells him she doesn't believe his story. For 10 points\u2014name this character, the narrator of Tennessee Williams's The Glass Menagerie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 306 ], [ 307, 399 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "CF or cystic fibrosis of the pancreas [accept mucoviscoidosis on early buzz]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Gene therapy trials for this disease began by treating patients' sinus passages.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cystic_fibrosis", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515045", "qanta_id": 57802, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Gene therapy trials for this disease began by treating patients' sinus passages. Caused by a defective channel for transporting [*] chloride, it results in thick mucus that accumulates in the lungs, decreasing lung function and increasing the risk of infection. Named after its telltale malformations of the pancreas\u2014for 10 points\u2014what is this disease, usually diagnosed in childhood by a sweat test?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 261 ], [ 262, 401 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{Infrared spect}roscopy or {IR spec}troscopy (Accept {Fourier Transform IR spec} or {2D/Two-dimensional IR spec})", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Ultrafast variations of this technique can either use a double-resonance approach or the time domain vibrational echo method, which both use femtosecond lasers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Infrared_spectroscopy", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551509c", "qanta_id": 57889, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Ultrafast variations of this technique can either use a double-resonance approach or the time domain vibrational echo method, which both use femtosecond lasers. The maximum resolution in this procedure is inversely proportional to the path length, and a rightward peak shift in this technique is indicative of pi backbonding. Liquid paraffin or nujol can be used as a mulling agent in this technique, whose sample is smeared between potassium bromide disks. Normal modes only appear for molecules with a dipole moment, and unique classification is obtained via complex fingerprint region. Some modes are obtained from scissoring, wagging, twisting, and rocking of molecules, and distinctive peaks occur due to symmetric and asymmetric stretching. For 10 points, name this spectroscopic technique that uses wavelengths longer than visible light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 325 ], [ 326, 457 ], [ 458, 588 ], [ 589, 746 ], [ 747, 844 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open Lederberg Memorial Science Tournament", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "spleen", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "People lacking it may experience problems with sepsis and it may become inflamed due to mononu-cleosis or blood cancers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spleen", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055150dd", "qanta_id": 57954, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "People lacking it may experience problems with sepsis and it may become inflamed due to mononu-cleosis or blood cancers. Its \"red pulp\" part is often referred to as the red blood cell graveyard due to the fact that damaged and destroyed red blood cells are stored there. When it becomes enlarged, it can clog and take blood out of circulation, resulting in anemia and serious bleeding. Its \"white pulp\" part is responsible for the production of lymphocytes and is an important part of the immune system. FTP, identify this small fist-shaped organ, the largest lymph node in the body, which can rupture when enlarged.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 270 ], [ 271, 385 ], [ 386, 503 ], [ 504, 616 ] ], "tournament": "Science Monstrosity", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "auxin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The speed of its transfer down the stem from the shoot apex is about 10 milimeters per hour, too fast for diffusion, and it is believed that it is transported directly through parenchyma tissue by polar transport. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auxin", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055150e3", "qanta_id": 57960, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The speed of its transfer down the stem from the shoot apex is about 10 milimeters per hour, too fast for diffusion, and it is believed that it is transported directly through parenchyma tissue by polar transport. One of its secondary effects is to induce cell division in the vascular cambium, and at higher concentrations than 10 to the negative 3rd moles, it can actually inhibit the effect it is meant to produce. Also known as idoleacetic acid, and synthesized in the apical meristem, FTP, identify this plant hormone that stimulates proton pumps and promotes the growth of plant cells", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 215 ], [ 215, 418 ], [ 419, 591 ] ], "tournament": "Science Monstrosity", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Coriolis force or effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of its practical applications is the mass flow meter, which can be used with non-Newtonian fluids.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coriolis_force", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515127", "qanta_id": 58028, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of its practical applications is the mass flow meter, which can be used with non-Newtonian fluids. An analog of this effect is present in molecules and can lead to mixing between the rotational and the vibartional energy states. It causes geostrophic wind, in which all effects other than this one and the pressure gradient force are ignored and in stellar dynamics it affects the rotational direction of sunspots. Failure to account for it can result in inaccurate artillery fire, and in the northern hemisphere, it will cause a falling object to land east of where it would land without this effect. Responsible for the rotational direction of cyclones, FTP, what is this non-inertial force porportional to the cross product of the velocity and the frequency of rotation of the coordiante system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 232 ], [ 233, 420 ], [ 420, 606 ], [ 607, 803 ] ], "tournament": "Science Monstrosity", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{ATP} [accept {adenosine triphosphate}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The enzyme that synthesizes this compound is inhibited by oligomycin, an antibiotic which gives its name to that enzyme's Fo subunit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Adenosine_triphosphate", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551518d", "qanta_id": 58130, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The enzyme that synthesizes this compound is inhibited by oligomycin, an antibiotic which gives its name to that enzyme's Fo subunit. That enzyme works via the proton motive force and is found in the inner membrane of a certain organelle. A cyclic derivative of this molecule is a classic second messenger created by (*) adenylate cyclase, and kinases regulate signal transduction by using this molecule as a phosphate donor. Its namesake synthase is found in the mitochondria, and roughly 36 of these molecules can be produced from glucose in cellular respiration. For 10 points, name this energy-carrying molecule consisting of a ribose, a purine, and three phosphate groups.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 238 ], [ 239, 425 ], [ 426, 565 ], [ 566, 677 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{All Quiet on the Western Front}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character of this novel catches and cooks a goose with Kat, and in a later scene that protagonist of this novel feels anguished after his encounter with Gerald Duval.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515191", "qanta_id": 58134, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character of this novel catches and cooks a goose with Kat, and in a later scene that protagonist of this novel feels anguished after his encounter with Gerald Duval. Another character in this novel receives (*)Kemmerich's boots after his death. The schoolteacher Kantorek urges his students to enlist in this novel, after which they are tormented by the cruel Corporal Himmelstoss. The protagonist of this novel is the last of his friends to die and is killed less than a month before the end of the war the novel takes place in. For 10 points, identify this novel about Paul Baumer set in World War I, a work by Erich Remarque.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 213 ], [ 213, 215 ], [ 215, 249 ], [ 250, 386 ], [ 387, 534 ], [ 535, 633 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "William {Wordsworth}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem by this writer, the speaker states that \"getting and spending, we lay waste our powers\" and that he \"would rather be /", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Wordsworth", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515199", "qanta_id": 58142, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem by this writer, the speaker states that \"getting and spending, we lay waste our powers\" and that he \"would rather be / A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn.\" This poet of \"The World Is Too Much With Us.\" also penned the line \"She dwelt among the untrodden ways,\" and this writer of a number of (*) Lucy poems also wrote of dancing with daffodils in a poem that begins with the line \"I wandered lonely as a cloud.\" Another poem by this writer begins by exclaiming that \"five years have past!\" since he visited the banks of the Wye river. For 10 points, identify this Romantic poet who collaborated with Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads and wrote \"Tintern Abbey.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 166 ], [ 166, 167 ], [ 168, 213 ], [ 214, 234 ], [ 235, 423 ], [ 424, 501 ], [ 502, 546 ], [ 547, 667 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Constantin {Brancusi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist created a sculpture with the motif of a circle bisected by a vertical line on each of its pillars, as well as a limestone table surrounded by twelve empty seats.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551519e", "qanta_id": 58147, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist created a sculpture with the motif of a circle bisected by a vertical line on each of its pillars, as well as a limestone table surrounded by twelve empty seats. Those installations by this sculptor are located in Targu Jiu and the last one is this man's Table of Silence. He stacked a number of polygons in his The (*) Endless Column, and carved two simplified figures with arms wrapped around each other in his work The Kiss. This sculptor is better known for a series of works accused of being \"not art but manufactures of metal\" and taxed by U.S. customs after being brought through an airport. For 10 points, identify this Romanian sculptor and creator of Bird in Space.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 284 ], [ 285, 439 ], [ 440, 610 ], [ 611, 687 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Catherine II} [accept {Catherine} the {Great} before end]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This monarch's spouse initiated the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg and was assassinated by this monarch.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catherine_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151ad", "qanta_id": 58162, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This monarch's spouse initiated the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg and was assassinated by this monarch. In addition to mediating the War of the Bavarian Succession and nullifying the Constitution of May 3, this ruler's naval commander led the Orlov Revolt. This monarch, along with Fredrick the Great, partitioned (*) Poland. This monarch also put down Pugachev's rebellion. An adviser to this ruler may have constructed a namesake fake village and shares his name with a ship that revolted in the 1905 Russian Revolution, the Battleship Potemkin. For 10 points, name this enlightened czaritsa of Russia known as \"the Great.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 262 ], [ 263, 331 ], [ 332, 380 ], [ 381, 553 ], [ 554, 631 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Death of a Salesman}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this play says to another that \"the jungle is dark, but full of diamonds,\" while another character from this play tells a story about Bill Singleman's death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_of_a_Salesman", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151b3", "qanta_id": 58168, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this play says to another that \"the jungle is dark, but full of diamonds,\" while another character from this play tells a story about Bill Singleman's death. The protagonist of this play dislikes Bernard, the son of his neighbor Charley, because he is a nerd. One character in this play steals a fountain pen from Bill Oliver's office, and that character's brother (*) Happy is an assistant to an assistant buyer. After Biff confronts him, the protagonist of this play crashes his car and kills himself in an attempt to secure $20,000 in insurance money for his sons. For 10 points, identify this play about Willy Loman written by Arthur Miller.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 276 ], [ 277, 430 ], [ 431, 584 ], [ 585, 662 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Shiva} [accept {Rudra} before mention]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god transforms another into ash after his meditation is interrupted and the lingam is a phallic symbol of this figure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shiva", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151b4", "qanta_id": 58169, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god transforms another into ash after his meditation is interrupted and the lingam is a phallic symbol of this figure. This figure obtained one of his most notable traits after drinking (*) Halahala, a poison produced in the creation of the nectar of immortality, while in his form Nataraja this god dances to fuel the creation and destruction of the world. This figure rides on the white bull Nandi and fathered with Parvati a god that rides a mouse; that god is Ganesh. For 10 points, name this blue-throated god associated with Brahma and Vishnu who is the destroyer god of the Trimurti in Hinduism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 190 ], [ 191, 362 ], [ 363, 476 ], [ 477, 607 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Sicily}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This island is home to the Temple E. A triskelion with Medusa's head and three legs appears on this island's flag and may symbolize this island's triangular shape.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sicily", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151ba", "qanta_id": 58175, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This island is home to the Temple E. A triskelion with Medusa's head and three legs appears on this island's flag and may symbolize this island's triangular shape. The coppola is a traditional cap of this island south of the (*) Tyrrhenian Sea that was once colonized as part of Magna Graecia. Scylla and Charybdis were said to occupy the strait between this island and mainland Europe. This island contains the largest active Volcano in Europe. That strait is Messina and that volcano is Mt. Etna. For 10 points, there was a Kingdom of Two of what island that lies just off the tip of the boot of Italy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 293 ], [ 294, 386 ], [ 387, 445 ], [ 446, 498 ], [ 499, 604 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Otto von {Bismarck}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This leader signed a secret treaty with Russia, the Reinsurance Treaty, after an earlier agreement this figure had negotiated had failed; that agreement was the League of the Three Emperors.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_von_Bismarck", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151bb", "qanta_id": 58176, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This leader signed a secret treaty with Russia, the Reinsurance Treaty, after an earlier agreement this figure had negotiated had failed; that agreement was the League of the Three Emperors. The rules passed during this politician's term giving responsibility for training and appointment of clergy to the state were known as the (*) May Laws, and this leader released a modified message communicated by Count Benedetti. This man's set of policies waging a culture war on Catholics was known as Kulturkampf, and he edited the Ems Dispatch to start the Franco-Prussian War. For 10 points, identify this German statesman known as the \"Iron Chancellor.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 420 ], [ 421, 572 ], [ 573, 650 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Felix {Mendelssohn}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this composer's symphony's final movements has a notable saltarello section.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151c4", "qanta_id": 58185, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this composer's symphony's final movements has a notable saltarello section. This composer of the Italian Symphony composed several \"Venetian Boat Songs\" which appear in a larger work. This composer revived interest in J. S. Bach with his 1829 Berlin performance of Bach's (*) St. Matthew's Passion, and he was inspired by a visit to Fingal's Cave to compose his Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, identify this brother of Fanny Hensel who composed the Scottish Symphony and Songs Without Words, a Jewish composer whose incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream includes a notable \"Wedding March.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 191 ], [ 192, 388 ], [ 389, 607 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Giuseppe {Verdi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote an opera in which Giorgio Germont convinces one character to break off her relationship with her lover, after which she pretends to love the Baron Douphol to prevent a duel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Verdi", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151c8", "qanta_id": 58189, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer wrote an opera in which Giorgio Germont convinces one character to break off her relationship with her lover, after which she pretends to love the Baron Douphol to prevent a duel. In another one of this composer's operas, King Amonasro's armies march on Thebes, causing one character to go to the (*) Temple of Vulcan and retrieve the sacred arms. This composer composed the aria \"Va, pensiero\" in his opera Nabucco. One of this composer's better-known opera ends with Radames and the titular Ethiopian princess being buried alive. For 10 points, identify this composer of La traviata and Aida.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 361 ], [ 362, 430 ], [ 431, 545 ], [ 546, 608 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Cry, the Beloved Country}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Characters from this novel include a lawyer named Mr. Carmicael who takes the case of the protagonists's son for free, as well as the political activists Dubula and Tomlinson, who work with the protagonist's brother.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151d0", "qanta_id": 58197, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Characters from this novel include a lawyer named Mr. Carmicael who takes the case of the protagonists's son for free, as well as the political activists Dubula and Tomlinson, who work with the protagonist's brother. Another character from this novel is a prostitute who discusses becoming a nun with Mrs. (*) Lithebe. Theophilus Msimangu's letter causes the protagonist to leave Ndotsheni to find Gertrude in this novel, causing the protagonist to discover Arthur Jarvis was murdered by his son. Absalom is ultimately hanged and Stephen Kumalo journeys to Johannesburg in, for 10 points, what novel by Alan Paton?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 217, 318 ], [ 319, 496 ], [ 497, 614 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Margaret Hilda Roberts {Thatcher}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While serving as prime minister, this politician objected to the number of Vietnamese boat people entering the country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Thatcher", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151d1", "qanta_id": 58198, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While serving as prime minister, this politician objected to the number of Vietnamese boat people entering the country. This politician appointed Ian McGregor to head the NCB in order to combated the power of unions. James Callaghan's failure to manage the \"Winter of Discontent,\" led to this politician's ascension to the premiership. One war during this politician's primiership began when General (*) Galtieri invaded a group of islands. This politician, who was the target of the Brighton Hotel bombings, helped gain reelection in 1983 by managing the Falklands War. For 10 points, name this female Prime Minister of Britain, known as the \"Iron Lady,\" who was closely aligned with Reagan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 216 ], [ 217, 335 ], [ 336, 440 ], [ 441, 570 ], [ 571, 692 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Mughal} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this empire briefly fled to Tahmasp I's court for shelter when his empire was overrun by Sher Shah.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mughal_Empire", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151d9", "qanta_id": 58206, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ruler of this empire briefly fled to Tahmasp I's court for shelter when his empire was overrun by Sher Shah. The throne of this empire was originally known as the Peacock Throne and once contained the Koh-i-noor diamond. Another leader of this empire once led by (*) Humayun imprisoned his sister and father in a citadel and won a power struggle against his brother. This empire defeated Hemu at the Second Battle of Panipat under Akbar the Great. This empire's last ruler, Aurangzeb, was the son of a ruler who built a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz out of white marble. For 10 points, name this Indian empire whose rulers included the builder of the Taj Mahal, Shah Jahan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 224 ], [ 225, 370 ], [ 371, 451 ], [ 452, 574 ], [ 575, 677 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Bertrand {Russell}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker used the terms \"knowledge by acquaintance\" and \"knowledge by description.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151dc", "qanta_id": 58209, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker used the terms \"knowledge by acquaintance\" and \"knowledge by description.\" In one work, this thinker claimed that the title religion was the \"principal enemy of moral progress in the world.\" He rejected Meinong's theory of objects as well as the notions of \"sense\" and \"reference\" held by Frege in his essay \"On Denoting.\" This man refuted that the burden of proof was on the skeptic in an analogy involving his namesake teapot. This author of Why I Am Not (*) A Christian co-authored a work which attempted to derive math from symbolic logic. For 10 points, identify this British philosopher who co- wrote Principia Mathematica with Alfred North Whitehead.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 203 ], [ 204, 334 ], [ 334, 335 ], [ 336, 441 ], [ 442, 556 ], [ 557, 670 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Stanley {Milgram}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man examined the outcome of when a person asks for a seat on a filled train or invades another person's personal space in his \"On Maintaining Social Norms\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stanley_Milgram", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151e2", "qanta_id": 58215, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man examined the outcome of when a person asks for a seat on a filled train or invades another person's personal space in his \"On Maintaining Social Norms\". One experiment by this man asks random people to mail letters addressed to the Friends of the Nazi Party. In another experiment, this man measured the average length of a person's social network. Those were the (*) Lost Letter and Small Worlds experiments. For 10 points, name this American psychologist whose namesake obedience experiment studied how the presence of an authority figure affected the willingness of \"teachers\" to deliver painful electric shocks to \"learners\" in another room.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 267 ], [ 268, 357 ], [ 358, 418 ], [ 419, 654 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Coriolis} effect [accept {Coriolis} force]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The ratio of the inertial force to this phenomenon is known as the Rossby number.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coriolis_force", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151e8", "qanta_id": 58221, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The ratio of the inertial force to this phenomenon is known as the Rossby number. The magnitude of this force is proportional to twice a constant times the sine of the latitude because it is proportional to the cross product of the angular velocity of a (*) frame and the velocity of a particle. This phenomenon is responsible for a flow of water perpendicular to prevailing winds known as Ekman transport. It is not present on the equator, explaining why hurricanes do not form there. For 10 points, name this force that deflects moving objects to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere, a fictitious deflective force observed in a rotating reference frame.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 295 ], [ 296, 406 ], [ 407, 485 ], [ 486, 699 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The Ingenious Hidalgo {Don Quixote} of La Mancha [accept El ingenioso hidalgo {don Quijote} de la Mancha]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, the autobiography-writing Gines de Pasamonter is part of a group of galley slaves freed by the titular character.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055151ea", "qanta_id": 58223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, the autobiography-writing Gines de Pasamonter is part of a group of galley slaves freed by the titular character. Previously, the titular character had taken a barber's basin which he believed to be the helmet of (*) Mambrino. This work's protaganist promises his sidekick the governorship of an island for his service. This work's protaganist also creates a lover, Dulcinea, and travels on his horse Rocinante. In addition to mistaking windmills for giants, this work's title character enlists the help of Sancho Panza. For 10 points, identify this novel by Miguel de Cervantes about the adventures of the titular knight \"of La Mancha.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 240 ], [ 241, 333 ], [ 334, 425 ], [ 426, 534 ], [ 535, 651 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{neutron star} [accept {pulsar} before \"magnetars\", do NOT accept magnetar early]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first exoplanets were discovered orbiting a sub-type of these objects.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutron_star", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551520c", "qanta_id": 58257, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first exoplanets were discovered orbiting a sub-type of these objects. Star quakes in their crust cause glitches in these objects. Ones with unusually strong magnetic fields are called magnetars. Their mass is bounded above by the (*) Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit and they were originally discovered in Scorpius. The one in the Vulpecula was mistaken for \"Little Green Men,\", but was later determined to be a pulsar, a sub-type of these objects. These objects are the remains of core-collapse supernovae and are composed of a namesake degenerate gas. For 10 points, name these celestial objects that are composed of uncharged particles that are normally found in atomic nuclei.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 134 ], [ 135, 199 ], [ 200, 320 ], [ 321, 453 ], [ 454, 558 ], [ 559, 685 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Peru}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country is home to the Madre de Dios river that runs through the Manu Bioreserve.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peru", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551520e", "qanta_id": 58259, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country is home to the Madre de Dios river that runs through the Manu Bioreserve. Important cities in this country include Arequipa and Tacna, both in the Sechura Desert. This country also contains the most inland port of the world, (*) Iquitos. This country's highest point is Nevado Huascaran. One famous religious site in the country contains the Condor Temple. Its chief seaport is the city of Callao. A recent study showed that this country contains the source for the longest river in the world. This country also shares the the highest navigable body of water at Lake Titicaca. For 10 points, name this South American country home to Machu Picchu, with a capital of Lima.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 175 ], [ 176, 250 ], [ 251, 300 ], [ 301, 369 ], [ 370, 410 ], [ 411, 506 ], [ 507, 589 ], [ 590, 683 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Robert {Frost}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's poems, he writes that \"Spring is the mischief in me\"; later in that poem by this author, the speaker contemplates how \"I could say \"Elves\" to him, /", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515223", "qanta_id": 58280, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's poems, he writes that \"Spring is the mischief in me\"; later in that poem by this author, the speaker contemplates how \"I could say \"Elves\" to him, / But it's not elves exactly, and I'd rather / He said it for himself.\" This poet observed that \"Earth's the right place for love\" and that \"one could do worse than be a swinger of (*) birches,\" in addition to penning the line \"from what I've tasted of desire\" in a poem comparing the merits of fire and ice. This poet also wrote of how, \"knowing how way leads onto way,\" he took a path less travelled by. For 10 points, identify this New England poet who wrote \"The Road Not Taken.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 214 ], [ 215, 238 ], [ 238, 239 ], [ 240, 476 ], [ 477, 573 ], [ 574, 651 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Milton {Friedman}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This economist's namesake rule recommends setting nominal interest rates to zero, and his concept of a Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment formed the basis for his rejection of the Phillips curve.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Milton_Friedman", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515229", "qanta_id": 58286, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This economist's namesake rule recommends setting nominal interest rates to zero, and his concept of a Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment formed the basis for his rejection of the Phillips curve. This economist's criticism of the (*) Keynesian consumption function led to his development of the Permanent Income Hypothesis. The author of A Monetary History of the United States with Anna Schwartz as well as Free to Choose and Capitalism and Freedom, for 10 points, name this monetarist free-market economist of the Chicago School.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 208 ], [ 209, 336 ], [ 337, 544 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Bertolt {Brecht}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one play by this man, the narrator is attacked by Georgi Abalishi's guards, the Ironshirts.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertolt_Brecht", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551522c", "qanta_id": 58289, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one play by this man, the narrator is attacked by Georgi Abalishi's guards, the Ironshirts. In another of his plays, the tobacco shop owner Shen Teh creates an alter ego, Shui Ta. Along with creating The Good Person of Schezuan, this playwrite, commonly associated with the (*) Epic theater, wrote a play in which the father of Polly Peachum controls the beggars of London, while one thief has the alias Mack the Knife. Another one of his plays sees a canteen woman wander throughout the Thirty Years' War. For 10 points, what German playwright wrote The Threepenny Opera and created the characters Mother Courage and her children?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 182 ], [ 183, 422 ], [ 423, 509 ], [ 510, 634 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Franz Joseph {Haydn}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a trumpet concerto in E flat major for his friend Anton Weidinger, as well as a work whose melody appears in the German national anthem, his \"Emperor\" string quartet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515234", "qanta_id": 58297, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer wrote a trumpet concerto in E flat major for his friend Anton Weidinger, as well as a work whose melody appears in the German national anthem, his \"Emperor\" string quartet. One work this composer wrote for his patron Nikolaus (*) Esterh\u00e1zy features all but two players ceasing to play and leaving the stage during its final movement in his Farewell Symphony. This composer's ninety-fourth symphony contains a sudden fortissimo chord; that work, one of his London Symphonies, is his Surprise Symphony. For 10 points, identify this Austrian composer, the \"father of the string quartet\" and a prolific composer of symphonies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 186 ], [ 187, 239 ], [ 240, 372 ], [ 373, 514 ], [ 515, 636 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Copper}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Although it's not Chromium, this element's electronic structure is an exception to the Aufbau principle, as it has only 1 electron in the 4s subshell.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Copper", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515244", "qanta_id": 58312, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Although it's not Chromium, this element's electronic structure is an exception to the Aufbau principle, as it has only 1 electron in the 4s subshell. This element lies above silver on the periodic table, and it is second to that element in having the highest (*) thermal and electrical conductivity. After exposure to air or seawater over a long period of time, this element develops a patina called verdigris, which lends a green color to the Statue of Liberty. Often used in piping and electrical wires, for 10 points, identify this red-orange transition metal element with symbol Cu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 300 ], [ 301, 463 ], [ 464, 587 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Peter Paul {Rubens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man painted two royally garbed women holding hands with soldiers behind them in The Exchange of Princesses.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_Paul_Rubens", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515258", "qanta_id": 58332, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man painted two royally garbed women holding hands with soldiers behind them in The Exchange of Princesses. He also depicted three nudes cowering below brightly dressed nobles. In addition to the The Disembarkation at Marseilles, he also painted a hodgepodge of naked babies and naked women eating apples in The Feast of Venus. He depicted Adam fondling Eve while she is grabbing an apple from a tree in The (*) Fall of Man. Another work by this man involves many people supporting a surprisingly clean-shaven man as he leaves the crucifix. For 10 points, name this Flemish Baroque artist of Descent from the Cross who liked to portray fleshy female nudes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 181 ], [ 182, 332 ], [ 333, 429 ], [ 430, 545 ], [ 546, 661 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Ming} dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The short-lived Shun dynasty followed this dynasty and was established by the rebel Li Zicheng.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ming_dynasty", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551525e", "qanta_id": 58338, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The short-lived Shun dynasty followed this dynasty and was established by the rebel Li Zicheng. Matteo Ricci and other Jesuit missionaries came to China during this dynasty. One of this dynasty's rulers compiled an encyclopedia and ruled over the Yongle period, which saw its capital move from Nanjing to Beijing. Its first emperor, (*) Hongwu led the Red Turban rebellion. This dynasty constructed most of the Great Wall and sent the Muslim eunuch admiral Zheng He on expeditions. The Forbidden City was built during this dynasty. For 10 points, identify this Chinese dynasty that followed the Yuan and has namesake porcelain vases.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 173 ], [ 174, 313 ], [ 314, 336 ], [ 337, 373 ], [ 374, 481 ], [ 482, 531 ], [ 532, 633 ] ], "tournament": "OLEFIN", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Hector {Berlioz}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He wrote his first opera on the life of the artist Benvenuto Cellini, but at its premiere it was met with riots by the audience and complaints from musicians that it was impossible to play.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hector_Berlioz", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551527b", "qanta_id": 58367, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote his first opera on the life of the artist Benvenuto Cellini, but at its premiere it was met with riots by the audience and complaints from musicians that it was impossible to play. To celebrate the acquisition of a Stradivarius viola, Paganini paid this composer 20,000 francs for Harold en Italie, although he never played it. In one of his most famous works, subtitled \"Episodes in the life of an artist,\" his \"beloved\" appears in various motifs but by the end, he dreams that he has killed her and is being led to the guillotine and in the last movement, his beloved has been transformed into a hag. He stated that Goethe and Shakespeare were the guiding influences in his life as seen in his works La Damnation de Faust and B\u00e9atrice et B\u00e9n\u00e9dict. FTP, name the composer of Les Troyens, Rom\u00e9o et Juliette, and Symphonie Fantastique.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 336 ], [ 337, 611 ], [ 612, 758 ], [ 759, 843 ] ], "tournament": "MOHIT (Thomas Jefferson)", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Bose-Einstein condensate}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The wavefunction of this type of system can be approximated by modifying the Schrodinger Equation to account for the \"coupling\" interactions among the system's constituent particles, a method formulated by Gross and Pitaevskii.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bose\u2013Einstein_condensate", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515285", "qanta_id": 58377, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The wavefunction of this type of system can be approximated by modifying the Schrodinger Equation to account for the \"coupling\" interactions among the system's constituent particles, a method formulated by Gross and Pitaevskii. Its creation was first confirmed by the observation of a distinctive peak in the velocity-distribution graph of a gas of rubidium atoms cooled to 170 nanokelvin with the use of lasers and evaporative cooling. That discovery, made in 1995 by Carl Wieman and Eric Cornell at the University of Colorado- Boulder, earned them the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics, which they shared with Wolfgang Ketterle of MIT. FTP, name this doubly-eponymous state of matter observed near absolute zero in which distinct particles of integer spin \"condense\" to the same quantum state.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 227 ], [ 228, 436 ], [ 437, 631 ], [ 632, 789 ] ], "tournament": "MOHIT (Thomas Jefferson)", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Don Giovanni}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard stated that this was \"a work without blemish, of uninterrupted perfection,\" and George Bernard Shaw parodied its conclusion in Man and Superman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Giovanni", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055152b1", "qanta_id": 58421, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard stated that this was \"a work without blemish, of uninterrupted perfection,\" and George Bernard Shaw parodied its conclusion in Man and Superman. The work begins with Leporello waiting outside a palace for his master, and the titular character is challenged to a duel, and subsequently kills his opponent while in disguise. In the aria \"Madamina, il catalogo \u00e8 questo,\" Leporello lists the titular character's lovers, while he attempts to seduce yet another. In the final act, the title character is condemned to hell after refusing to repent for his sins. FTP, name this opera, based on the legend of a Spanish libertine, written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 340 ], [ 341, 475 ], [ 476, 573 ], [ 574, 675 ] ], "tournament": "MOHIT (Thomas Jefferson)", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Benzene}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "As a ligand, it can form compounds with chromium and a few other transition elements.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benzene", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055152bd", "qanta_id": 58433, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As a ligand, it can form compounds with chromium and a few other transition elements. It can be produced by either steam cracking or catalytic reformation. Its most important derivative, styrene, is used in many plastics, while another derivative, aniline, is used in dyes. Among the reactions it can undergo are nitration to pyridine, as well as reduction in the presence of a nickel catalyst and hydrogen to cyclohexane. It has two resonance structures, which results in an average carbon-carbon bond length of 139 picometers intermediate to a single bond and double bond. August Kekule explained the structure of, FTP, what aromatic compound with formula C6H6?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 155 ], [ 156, 273 ], [ 274, 422 ], [ 423, 574 ], [ 575, 663 ] ], "tournament": "MOHIT (Thomas Jefferson)", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Bah\u00e1'\u00ed}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Its messengers are called \"Manifestations of God\" and followers beleive that God is inaccessible directly.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055152c8", "qanta_id": 58444, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its messengers are called \"Manifestations of God\" and followers beleive that God is inaccessible directly. A core belief of this faith is that religious history unfolded through a series of divine messengers, each of whom established a religion that was suited to the needs of the time and the capacity of the people. Every human is seen to have a duty to recognize God through His messengers, and to conform to their teachings. When a human dies, the soul passes into the next world, where its spiritual development in the physical world becomes a basis for judgement and advancement in the spiritual world. This religion also emphasizes the underlying unity of the major world religions. FTP, name this monotheistic 19th century Persian religion which is governed by the Univeral Seat of Justice in Haifa, Israel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 317 ], [ 318, 428 ], [ 429, 608 ], [ 609, 689 ], [ 690, 815 ] ], "tournament": "MOHIT (Thomas Jefferson)", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Tamerlane} (accept {Tamburlaine} and {Timur} the Lame)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man introduced a new form of chess known as \"perfect chess\" and ordered a copy of the Koran that could only be moved by wheelbarrow due to its size.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Timur", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055152d3", "qanta_id": 58455, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man introduced a new form of chess known as \"perfect chess\" and ordered a copy of the Koran that could only be moved by wheelbarrow due to its size. An avid patron of the arts and architecture, he commissioned the Bibi-Khanym Mosque in the capital he founded. When he invaded Baghdad, he ordered his warriors to bring him two severed heads each. He also once led an army of over 100,000 against his former ally Tokhtamysh [TOK-tam-ish] as well as the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Bayezid I. FTP, name this ruler, who in addition to decimating the Golden Horde and conquering the city of Delhi, also set up a namesake dynasty with capital at Samarkand.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 264 ], [ 265, 350 ], [ 351, 657 ] ], "tournament": "MOHIT (Thomas Jefferson)", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "A {Doll's House}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A friend of the main family in this work, Dr. Rank, informs the protagonist that he will leave a calling card with a black cross on it when he is about to die from his \"tuberculosis of the spine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "A_Doll's_House", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055152d4", "qanta_id": 58456, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A friend of the main family in this work, Dr. Rank, informs the protagonist that he will leave a calling card with a black cross on it when he is about to die from his \"tuberculosis of the spine.\" When Nils Krogstad finds out that the protagonist forged her father's signature on a loan application, he blackmails her to stay employed. After burning Krogstad's letters, Torvald forgives the protagonist for her mistakes believing it a display of adorable helplessness. This makes her realize that her husband is not the man she thought he was. FTP, name this play in which Nora walks out on her husband, a work by Henrik Ibsen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 195, 335 ], [ 336, 468 ], [ 469, 543 ], [ 544, 627 ] ], "tournament": "MOHIT (Thomas Jefferson)", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Krebs cycle} or {TCA} cycle (accept {citric acid cycle} before it is", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first step of this process, an aldol condensation, is followed by two reactions mediated by Aconitase.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Citric_acid_cycle", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca9055152e0", "qanta_id": 58468, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first step of this process, an aldol condensation, is followed by two reactions mediated by Aconitase. The only irreversible reaction in this process is a decarboxylation which yields the product alpha-Ketoglutarate. Another substrate in this process is Succinyl-CoA, while Coenzyme Q is an electron acceptor in a reaction that yields fumarate. Occurring in the mitochondrion matrix before oxidative phosphorylation and after glycolysis, this process produces NADH, protons, and a net yield of approximately 30 ATP. Also known as the citric acid cycle, FTP, what is this respiration cycle into carbon dioxide and water?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 220 ], [ 221, 348 ], [ 349, 519 ], [ 520, 623 ] ], "tournament": "MOHIT (Thomas Jefferson)", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Max {Weber}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He wrote about \"The Arena of Normative and De Facto Powers\" in a work often identified as a revision of Marxism, \"Economy and Society.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Max_Weber", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515318", "qanta_id": 58524, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote about \"The Arena of Normative and De Facto Powers\" in a work often identified as a revision of Marxism, \"Economy and Society.\" In \"Politics as a Vocation,\" he defined the state as a monopoly on legitimate violence. He strongly criticized the Junker aristocracy in the Freiburg Address, in which he promoted the theory of \"liberal imperialism.\" He is most famous for a work in which he proposed that Calvinism was best suited for the rapid accumulation of capital. FTP, name this 20th century sociologist, most famous for his magnum opus \"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 223 ], [ 224, 285 ], [ 286, 351 ], [ 351, 472 ], [ 473, 598 ] ], "tournament": "MOHIT (Thomas Jefferson)", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Alzheimer}\u2019s disease", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "An allele of the apolipoprotein E gene on chromosome 19 increases the risk and lowers the age at onset of this disease.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alzheimer's_disease", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515343", "qanta_id": 58567, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An allele of the apolipoprotein E gene on chromosome 19 increases the risk and lowers the age at onset of this disease. Microscopically it is characterized by Hirano bodies, and it results in changes in the nucleus basalis of Meynert. It is associated with \"tangles,\" which show the MAP2 protein and abnormal forms of tau protein, as well as the presence of amyloid angiopathy and typical plaques, and symptoms include aphasia and progressive disorientation, indicating cortical dysfunction. Patients rarely become symptomatic before 50 years of age. but within the following 30 years up to 40% of the populace starts suffering from this disease. For 10 points, name this degenerative neurological disorder, the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 234 ], [ 235, 491 ], [ 492, 550 ], [ 551, 646 ], [ 647, 757 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Inca}ns", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One phase of this people's creation myth involves another god turning people created by Con into monkeys.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551538e", "qanta_id": 58642, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One phase of this people's creation myth involves another god turning people created by Con into monkeys. The wife of this people's chief deity is seen as the patroness of fishermen, and the aforementioned primordial people were divided into ten separate communities by four brother-sister pairs who used a golden staff to emerge from caves to the Earth's surface. One god in this people's pantheon was allegedly appeased by people who tied up and starved black dogs, and this mythology's primordial flood only spared two brothers and their families and was caused by Paricia. Mama Occlo and Manco Capac founded the World Pole in this culture's pantheon, and its empire's capital is considered the \"navel of the world\". Drawing inspiration from the earlier Tiahuanaco culture, for 10 points, name this mythological system that venerates deities such as Mama Quilla, Inti, and Viracocha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 364 ], [ 365, 576 ], [ 577, 719 ], [ 720, 886 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Guatemala}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This nation used the Swedish freighter Alfhem to acquire surplus Czech weapons, which were the target of a paramilitary operation to destroy its railroads led by Rip Robertson.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Guatemala", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca905515401", "qanta_id": 58757, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation used the Swedish freighter Alfhem to acquire surplus Czech weapons, which were the target of a paramilitary operation to destroy its railroads led by Rip Robertson. Other subversive activities here included the propaganda channel \"Voice of Liberation\" and Operation Success, a plan to create civil war. Both were approved by.ambassador John Peurifoy, whose efforts helped install Carlos Castillo Armas as its military dictator. Guerrillas like Gaspar Ilom fought during its civil war, which included a massacre at Sacuchum. A 1954 CIA coup in this country defended the interests of the United Fruit company and overthrew president Jacobo Arbenz Guzman. For 10 points, name that Central American country, the home of Rigoberta Menchu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 314 ], [ 315, 439 ], [ 440, 535 ], [ 536, 664 ], [ 665, 745 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Saul {Bellow}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The unnamed narrator of a work by this man tells his story as he looks at a picture of Harry and Sorella Fonstein, whom his perfect memory will not allow him to forget.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Saul_Bellow", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551544e", "qanta_id": 58834, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The unnamed narrator of a work by this man tells his story as he looks at a picture of Harry and Sorella Fonstein, whom his perfect memory will not allow him to forget. His dramas include the plays Orange Souffle, Out from Under, and The Wrecker, while an example of his non-fiction is It All Adds Up: From the Dim Past to the Uncertain Future. Author of the short works Him with His Foot in His Mouth and Mosby's Memoirs, he is the creator of such memorable characters as King Dahfu, Tommy Wilhelm, and Grandma Lausch. The first line of one of his novels declares \"I am an American,\" though he was really born in Canada. FTP, name this man, whose best-known work includes Mr. Sammler's Planet, Henderson the Rain King, Herzog and The Adventures of Augie March.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 288 ], [ 289, 301 ], [ 302, 344 ], [ 345, 519 ], [ 520, 621 ], [ 622, 761 ] ], "tournament": "MLK", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Venus}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Carluccio depicted this personage \"von Laussel\" and was critically analyzed by several artists, and Alexander Cabanel depicted this figure with five winged cherubs floating above.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venus", "proto_id": "5476da94ea23cca90551549b", "qanta_id": 58911, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Carluccio depicted this personage \"von Laussel\" and was critically analyzed by several artists, and Alexander Cabanel depicted this figure with five winged cherubs floating above. Sometimes depicted \"Anadyomene,\" Rossetti did this subject \"Verticordia,\" and she appeared in the original title of Aubrey Beardsley's Under the Hill. Cranach the Elder depicted this woman with her son, and Titian did her son and \"an Organist.\" Depicted by Agnolo Bronzino with Cupid, Folly, and Time, and by Canova as a \"Victrix,\" FTP, name this classical goddess shown at Urbino by Titian, the subject of an armless marble statue found at Milos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 330 ], [ 331, 424 ], [ 425, 627 ] ], "tournament": "MLK", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Heisenberg uncertainty} principle", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It implies the Abbe sine condition from optics, and Hirschman's formulation states it as a lower bound on the sums of Shannon entropies of two quantities, such as angular momenta in two perpendicular directions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncertainty_principle", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055154ff", "qanta_id": 59011, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It implies the Abbe sine condition from optics, and Hirschman's formulation states it as a lower bound on the sums of Shannon entropies of two quantities, such as angular momenta in two perpendicular directions. It arises because the commutator of the matrices denoted X and P is non-zero, but it can relate other quantities, such as the energy of a state and the length of time it exists. Most commonly expressed as delta-p delta-x is greater than h-bar over 2, for ten points, what fundamental relation of quantum mechanics limits the precision with which a particle's position and momentum may be simultaneously known, named for German physicist Werner?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 211 ], [ 212, 389 ], [ 390, 656 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC XI", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Republic}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The central question in this work occurs when Cephalus says that our wealth can prevent us from being unjust, but a debate unfolds when Socrates asks about the meaning of justice.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Republic_(Plato)", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515501", "qanta_id": 59013, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The central question in this work occurs when Cephalus says that our wealth can prevent us from being unjust, but a debate unfolds when Socrates asks about the meaning of justice. Some of its important characters include Glaucon and Adeimantus, the principle speakers, and the silent spectators Lysias and Euthydemus. It is perhaps most famous for discussing a scene in which chained prisoners watch shadows to illustrate the Allegory of the Cave. For ten points, identify this dialogue by Plato that discusses the idea of the philosopher-king ruling over the titular entity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 317 ], [ 318, 447 ], [ 448, 575 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC XI", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Rime of the Ancient Mariner}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It was more likely inspired by James Cook's South Sea voyages and hallucinogens than the English countryside.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515536", "qanta_id": 59065, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It was more likely inspired by James Cook's South Sea voyages and hallucinogens than the English countryside. The mysterious titular figure stops a man on his way to a wedding, telling him the story of his experiences in Antarctica and his senseless murder of an albatross. For ten points, identify this work of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a poem about an old sailor famously featuring the line \"Water, water everywhere/ nor any drop to drink.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 273 ], [ 274, 441 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC XI", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{neutron star}s (don't accept or prompt on pulsars)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Geminga is a rare example of a radio-quiet one, and their solid ionic crusts can break up in so-called starquakes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutron_star", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca90551554d", "qanta_id": 59088, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Geminga is a rare example of a radio-quiet one, and their solid ionic crusts can break up in so-called starquakes. Above the Tolman-Oppenheimer- Volkoff limit of 2-3 solar masses, they may be less likely than quark stars, but they are the only compact objects just above the Chandrasekhar limit on the size of a white dwarf. The periodic radiation emitted along the axes of their extremely fast rotation gives most of them the name of pulsars. Created following Type II, Ib, or Ic supernovae and lighter than black holes, for ten points, what remnants of stellar collapse are nonetheless so massive that they contain matter too dense for electrons to remain in orbit around protons?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 324 ], [ 325, 443 ], [ 444, 682 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC XI", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{lysosome}(s)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "They have featureless interiors, which causes them to stain densely.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lysosome", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca90551554f", "qanta_id": 59090, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "They have featureless interiors, which causes them to stain densely. After phagocytosis, phagosomes fuse with primary ones to create the secondary variety. Plant cells appear to lack them, instead using the central vacuole to perform a similar function. Originating from the Golgi apparatus, these are, for 10 points, what cellular organelles containing digestive enzymes and aiding in apoptosis?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 155 ], [ 156, 253 ], [ 254, 396 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC XI", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Black Holes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Kerr type of these objects have angular momentum but no electric charge.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515554", "qanta_id": 59095, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Kerr type of these objects have angular momentum but no electric charge. They emit energy in the form of Hawking radiation, which may eventually cause them to evaporate. The no hair theorem says that their only observable properties are mass, charge and angular momentum. Supermassive ones can be found at the centers of some galaxies, including the Milky Way, while smaller ones are the end products of stars too massive to form neutron stars. For ten points, name these objects from which not even light can escape after crossing the event horizon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 173 ], [ 174, 275 ], [ 276, 448 ], [ 449, 554 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC XI", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{torque}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "For an electric dipole, it equals polarization times electric field.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Torque", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca90551555a", "qanta_id": 59101, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For an electric dipole, it equals polarization times electric field. In mechanics, it's equal to power over two pi times rotational velocity and it vanishes when the position vector and the force vector are parallel or in the case of constant angular speed. Along with energy, it has units of newton- meters, but the two are not the same thing. For ten points, identify this physical quantity, the rotational analog of force.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 257 ], [ 258, 344 ], [ 345, 425 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC XI", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{I and the Village}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The two largest figures in this painting are both wearing necklaces made of colored beads, one of which also contains a cross.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I_and_the_Village", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515560", "qanta_id": 59107, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The two largest figures in this painting are both wearing necklaces made of colored beads, one of which also contains a cross. In the far right of this painting, an orthodox church stands next to five houses, two of which are upside down. A female violinist, also upside down, is positioned next to a man in a black jacket, who is carrying a scythe. The large greenish-colored man on the right holds a glowing tree in his hand. The left side depicts an image of a goat being milked, which is painted on the cheek of another, much larger goat. FTP, identify this painting, the masterwork of Marc Chagall.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 238 ], [ 239, 349 ], [ 350, 427 ], [ 428, 542 ], [ 543, 603 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC XI", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Rainer Maria {Rilke}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His \"Spanish Dancer\" is quoted in Roger Zelazny's \"A Rose for Ecclesiastes\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rainer_Maria_Rilke", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515583", "qanta_id": 59142, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His \"Spanish Dancer\" is quoted in Roger Zelazny's \"A Rose for Ecclesiastes\". In his only novel, which later inspired Sartre's \"Nausea,\" this author attacked the Christian idea of the Second Coming. In addition to The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge, this man wrote ten letters to a young German considering military service, which were compiled in Letters to a Young Poet. He is more famous his Sonnets to Orpheus and for a set of ten poems named after a castle in Trieste. FTP, name this early twentieth-century German poet of the Duino Elegies.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 197 ], [ 198, 374 ], [ 375, 475 ], [ 476, 549 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC XI", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Tokugawa }Shogunate.", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this government disasterously failed to control a kite.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tokugawa_shogunate", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515729", "qanta_id": 59564, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ruler of this government disasterously failed to control a kite. Isaac Titsingh chronicled this goverment, during which Shiba Kokan developed copperplate engraving and Sugita Genpaku published the New Book of Anatomy. The Great Tenmei Fire burned down Kyoto during this government. Matsudaria Sadanobu instituted the Kansei Reforms in this period, during which Kitagawa Utamaro was fined for politically charged prints. Yoshimune's policies encouraged the study of \"Rangaku\", or Dutch Learning, during this period, although all dutchmen were required to live on Dejima during this period. For ten points, name this period of Japanese history widely misunderstood as being marked by isolation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 221 ], [ 222, 285 ], [ 286, 425 ], [ 425, 593 ], [ 594, 697 ] ], "tournament": "History Doubles at Chicago Open", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Los Angeles} (or {LA}; accept {San Gabriel} before \u201cChurch on the Way\u201d)", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Missionaries in the area around this city were challenged by an Indian medicine woman named Toypurina, who led a revolt here.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Los_Angeles", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055157a7", "qanta_id": 59690, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Missionaries in the area around this city were challenged by an Indian medicine woman named Toypurina, who led a revolt here. One of the most influential early megachurches, the Church on the Way, was founded by Jack Hayford in a suburb of this city. Rafael Moneo designed this city's current cathedral to replace the Cathedral of Saint Vibiana after the latter was damaged in a 1994 earthquake. Billy Graham was running a revival out of circus tents in this city when William Randolph Hearst issued his famous order to \"puff Graham.\" The African-American preacher William Seymour encouraged people to speak in tongues during a 1906 revival he led in this city on Azusa Street. This was also the city where Aimee Semple Macpherson built the Church of the Foursquare Gospel before her disappearance. For 10 points, name this city whose poorer districts include Watts and Compton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 250 ], [ 251, 395 ], [ 396, 533 ], [ 533, 677 ], [ 678, 798 ], [ 799, 878 ] ], "tournament": "History Doubles at Chicago Open", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{NEUTRINO}s", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "They are the subject of John Updike's poem, \"Cosmic Gall,\" in which he berates them as \"crass\" for passing nonchalantly through everything on Earth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutrino", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055157cf", "qanta_id": 59730, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "They are the subject of John Updike's poem, \"Cosmic Gall,\" in which he berates them as \"crass\" for passing nonchalantly through everything on Earth. Actually, physicists are concerned because it seems that not as many pass through their detectors as expected. It may be that the sun's core is cooler than we think, or it may be that these particles have some rest mass and oscillate between electron, muon, and tau varieties. For ten points, identify these objects first proposed by Wolfgang Pauli to explain energy loss in beta decay.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 259 ], [ 260, 426 ], [ 427, 536 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Frank {GEHRY}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His \"deconstructionist\" home in Santa Monica features raw-plywood, corrugated metal and chain-link fence wrapped around the outside of the house.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Gehry", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055157f9", "qanta_id": 59772, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His \"deconstructionist\" home in Santa Monica features raw-plywood, corrugated metal and chain-link fence wrapped around the outside of the house. But despite the temptation of his trademark curves, there are no mouse ears on his designed-but-as-yet-unbuilt Walt Disney Concert Hall. FTP, identify the American architect, currently in the news for the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 282 ], [ 283, 386 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "{Philadelphia}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One ancient city bearing this name was situated in Lydia and was founded in the 2nd century BC.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philadelphia", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515817", "qanta_id": 59802, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ancient city bearing this name was situated in Lydia and was founded in the 2nd century BC. The site of the ancient city is occupied by the modern city Alasehir, Turkey. Another city with the same name was originally the ancient Rabbath Ammon, the capital of the Ammonites, in Palestine. The site is near modern Amman. FTP give the shared name which was bestowed on the second of these cities when it was rebuilt by the Egyptian king Ptolemy Philadelphus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 173 ], [ 174, 291 ], [ 292, 322 ], [ 323, 459 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "{Balder}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Eulogized by Henry Longfellow, Matthew Arnold, and William Morris, he's often seen as a sign of Chrisitan influence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baldr", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515846", "qanta_id": 59849, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Eulogized by Henry Longfellow, Matthew Arnold, and William Morris, he's often seen as a sign of Chrisitan influence. One legend his him killed in a lovers' quarrel by the sword of Miming, but the better known one has this denizen of Breidhablik in Asgard slain by an arrow armed with mistletoe. FTP identify this Norse deity, the god of light, purity, and \"the good.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 294 ], [ 295, 367 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Yukio {Mishima} or {Kimitake} Hiraoka", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In 1968, this author founded the Shield Society, and two years later, published _Sun and Steel_, an autobiographical essay.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yukio_Mishima", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055158b9", "qanta_id": 59964, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1968, this author founded the Shield Society, and two years later, published _Sun and Steel_, an autobiographical essay. In his novel _Confessions of a Mask_, he dealt with the discovery of his homosexuality and the problems that it caused. FTP, who is this author of _The Sound of Waves_, _The Temple of the Golden Pavillion_, and the tetralogy _Sea of Fertility_, who committed ritual suicide in 1970?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 243 ], [ 244, 272 ], [ 272, 292 ], [ 293, 294 ], [ 294, 406 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Atwood}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "She has written nine books of poetry, and a book of critical essays on her national literature called _Survival_.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Atwood", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055158c0", "qanta_id": 59971, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "She has written nine books of poetry, and a book of critical essays on her national literature called _Survival_. In 1983 she was asked to edit the New Oxford compilation of Canadian Verse, but her true fame rests on her reputation as a fiction writer who stresses feminist themes, apparent in novels such as _Surfacing_ and _the Edible Woman_. FTP name this author of the distopian novel _The Handmaids Tale_.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 410 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "W.C. {Williams}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This writer incorporated the commonplace details of American everyday life into his works, and derided TS Eliot for giving poetry back to the academics.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Carlos_Williams", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055158c4", "qanta_id": 59975, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This writer incorporated the commonplace details of American everyday life into his works, and derided TS Eliot for giving poetry back to the academics. Conceiving of the poem as an object, he developed his variable foot and wheelbarrow styles in collections such as _The Tempers_, _Sour Grapes_, and _Pictures from Brueghel_. FTP name this poet who sustained a life-long medical practice in New Jersey, best known for _Paterson_.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 268 ], [ 268, 430 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Dmitri {Shostakovich}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A work by this composer reappeared under the name of Katerina Ismailova, who is the main character of the work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dmitri_Shostakovich", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515901", "qanta_id": 60036, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A work by this composer reappeared under the name of Katerina Ismailova, who is the main character of the work. The composer had written an opera based on a Nikolai Leskov story, whose lone connection to Shakespeare is its heroine's propensity for murder. FTP name this composer who later did compose incidental music for Hamlet and King Lear, but is better known for Babi Yar and Lady Macbeth of Minsk.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 255 ], [ 256, 403 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Washington Irving", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The favorite and last of 11 children, his series of satirical essays appeared during 1802-3 with the signature of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent., in the Morning Chronicle. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Washington_Irving", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515945", "qanta_id": 60104, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The favorite and last of 11 children, his series of satirical essays appeared during 1802-3 with the signature of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent., in the Morning Chronicle. 5: This writer called 'the first American man of letters', is known for such works as The Adventures of Captain Bonneville, Astoria, and Rip Van Winkle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 167, 169 ], [ 170, 319 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "{Shinto}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its early period saw this religion without a fixed dogma, sacred writings, moral precepts, or even a name.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shinto", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515965", "qanta_id": 60136, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its early period saw this religion without a fixed dogma, sacred writings, moral precepts, or even a name. Practitioners merely professed faith in and worshipped a vast pantheon of divinities known as \"kami\" that personified aspects of the natural world. As time passed, the rites of thanksgiving, purification, and offerings to ancestors became written down and codified. As centuries passed, it split into two distinct variations \u00d0 State and Secular. FTP, identify the official religion of Japan until the end of World War Two.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 254 ], [ 255, 372 ], [ 373, 452 ], [ 453, 529 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Toni {MORRISON}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of the most influential African-American authors since Ralph Ellison, her works explore the interaction among race, heritage, and culture.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Toni_Morrison", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055159ae", "qanta_id": 60209, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the most influential African-American authors since Ralph Ellison, her works explore the interaction among race, heritage, and culture. Her tenure as senior editor for Random House in the seventies and eighties allowed her to influence black thought in the period. She is most famous, of course for her novels, including \"Sula,\" \"Tar Baby,\" and \"The Bluest Eye.\" FTP, name the Nobel Prize-winning author of \"Beloved.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 271 ], [ 272, 368 ], [ 368, 424 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Martin {HEIDEGGER}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "-20-10, name the philosopher: 30: As Rector of the University of Friedburg, he briefly spoke in favor of Hitler's educational policies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Heidegger", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055159b1", "qanta_id": 60212, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "-20-10, name the philosopher: 30: As Rector of the University of Friedburg, he briefly spoke in favor of Hitler's educational policies. His involvement with the Nazis did not diminish his standing, however, in the intellectual community. 20: A follower of Edmund Husserl, his hermeneutic phenomenology argued agains the differentiation of subject and object. 10: His major work, Being and Time, was a major treatise of Existentialism and an influence on later philosophers such as Sartre.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 240 ], [ 240, 243 ], [ 244, 362 ], [ 362, 365 ], [ 366, 491 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "John {Keats}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem by this author, the speaker falls fast asleep and dreams of \"death-pale figures\" who warn him of trickery, and that poem by this author centers on a woman who abandons a knight she had just met.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Keats", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055159c0", "qanta_id": 60227, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem by this author, the speaker falls fast asleep and dreams of \"death-pale figures\" who warn him of trickery, and that poem by this author centers on a woman who abandons a knight she had just met. Another poem by this author asks \"where are the songs of Spring?\" while yet another poem by this author of (*) \"To Autumn\" begins \"A thing of beauty is a joy forever.\" This poet is perhaps best known for a poem in which the speaker refers to the title object as a \"still unravished bride of quietness,\" a poem that includes the line \"beauty is truth, truth beauty.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"La Belle Dame Sans Merci,\" \"Endymion,\" and \"Ode on a Grecian Urn.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 374 ], [ 375, 571 ], [ 571, 675 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Yom Kippur} [or \u201c{Day of Atonement}\u201d before mention]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A traditional but now rarely performed ritual during this holiday involves spinning a chicken around one's head.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yom_Kippur", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055159c6", "qanta_id": 60233, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A traditional but now rarely performed ritual during this holiday involves spinning a chicken around one's head. It is said that on this day the Book of Life is sealed. Before the beginning of services on this day, a declaration of vows called the (*) Kol Nidre are recited. During this holiday the vidui or public confession of sins against God occurs. This period ends the time of year known as the \"Days of Awe\", and this holiday occurs on the 10th of Tishrei. On this day, able adults are prohibited from having sex, wearing leather, bathing, eating, and drinking. For 10 points, name this holiest day in Judaism, the Day of Atonement.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 168 ], [ 169, 274 ], [ 275, 353 ], [ 354, 463 ], [ 464, 568 ], [ 569, 639 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Brave New World}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel refers to a scientific text as a \"beastly, beastly book.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brave_New_World", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055159c8", "qanta_id": 60235, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel refers to a scientific text as a \"beastly, beastly book.\" Nurses in this novel are disgusted when that character grieves the death of his mother. Another character in this work keeps forbidden literature in a safe, and after his illegal scientific research was discovered, he became a (*) World Controller. One character in this novel meets John after being exiled to North America. Reproduction in this novel is controlled by Podsnap's Technique and the Bokanovsky Process. At the end of this novel, a \"Savage\" hangs himself after an orgy brought on by the drug soma. For 10 points, name this novel by Aldous Huxley.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 84, 173 ], [ 174, 334 ], [ 335, 410 ], [ 411, 502 ], [ 503, 596 ], [ 597, 645 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Edward {Albee}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's plays, Martin Gray falls in love with an animal and reveals this affair to his family on a talk show.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Albee", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055159d4", "qanta_id": 60247, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's plays, Martin Gray falls in love with an animal and reveals this affair to his family on a talk show. This author's first play included a character who tells another the story of Jerry and the Dog before that character pulls a knife on Peter and impales himself upon it. In addition to writing The Goat, or Who is Sylvia? and Zoo Story, this author is the creator of a drama in which (*) Nick and Honey attend a party hosted by George and Martha, who answers that play's title question with \"I am.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 294 ], [ 295, 349 ], [ 350, 521 ], [ 521, 591 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Jean {Sibelius}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's fourth symphony features extensive use of tritones, while his second symphony's third movement was partially inspired by Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Sibelius", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055159d8", "qanta_id": 60251, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's fourth symphony features extensive use of tritones, while his second symphony's third movement was partially inspired by Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\". There is evidence that he began writing an eighth symphony, though he completed only the tone poem Tapiola, and incidental music for The Tempest after his seventh. One of his works features the Alla Marcia march, and his most famous work was written as a protest against (*) Russian rule of his country. For ten points, name this composer who played a major role in establishing Finnish national identity, especially with his pieces Karelia Suite and Finlandia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 325 ], [ 326, 467 ], [ 467, 624 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{viscosity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The kinematic form of this quantity is equal to the dynamic form divided by density.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055159eb", "qanta_id": 60270, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The kinematic form of this quantity is equal to the dynamic form divided by density. The effects of this property are most significant in the boundary layer. This quantity depends on the magnitude or duration of the shear stress in (*) non-Newtonian materials. The ratio of inertial forces to this property's forces is known as the Reynold's number. This quantity is equal to the shear stress divided by the shear strain and is constant for Newtonian fluids. For 10 points, name this property defined as a fluid's resistance to flow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 157 ], [ 158, 260 ], [ 261, 349 ], [ 350, 458 ], [ 459, 533 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Madame Bovary}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, one of the few honorable characters constructs napkin rings, dines at the Lion d'Or, and collects local taxes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca9055159f4", "qanta_id": 60279, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, one of the few honorable characters constructs napkin rings, dines at the Lion d'Or, and collects local taxes. The main couple of this novel moves to Yonville to prepare for the birth of their child, though they soon give that child over to a wet nurse. After delivering the child to the nurse, the main character is introduced to the law clerk (*) Leon Dupuis. Later, Rodolphe brings his farm hand to the husband of the title character in order for bloodletting to be performed. The protagonist of this work has an affair with Rodolphe which ends with her taking arsenic and dying. For 10 points name this novel about the unfaithful wife of a doctor by Gustave Flaubert.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 268 ], [ 269, 376 ], [ 377, 494 ], [ 495, 597 ], [ 598, 686 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Theseus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "When he came of age, this figure lifted up a rock to find sandals and a sword. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theseus", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a06", "qanta_id": 60297, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When he came of age, this figure lifted up a rock to find sandals and a sword. Lycomedes killed this figure by pushing him off a cliff. Earlier, this man set out on a journey that saw him kill Sciron by feeding him to a turtle and snap Sinis in half using two pine trees. One of this figure's wives, Phaedra, fell in love with his son (*) Hippolytus. He reunited with his father Aegeus after taking a journey to reach Athens, a city he would later rule. This man abandoned Ariadne on the island of Naxos after she helped him escape the Labyrinth. For 10 points, name this Greek hero who slew the Minotaur.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 80, 138 ], [ 138, 275 ], [ 275, 355 ], [ 355, 459 ], [ 459, 553 ], [ 553, 611 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "ANSWER:{Mughal} Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The second ruler of this empire was defeated Sher Shah Suri and only regained his kingdom 15 years later with the help of Shah Tahmasp I.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mughal_Empire", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a0f", "qanta_id": 60306, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The second ruler of this empire was defeated Sher Shah Suri and only regained his kingdom 15 years later with the help of Shah Tahmasp I. The first English ambassador to the court of this empire was Sir Thomas Roe, who managed to obtain protection for a trading factory at Surat from the fourth ruler of this empire. The reign of another ruler of this empire saw the emergence of the(*) Marathas and the Sikhs as major powers. The fifth ruler of this empire sat on the Peacock Throne and built the Jama Masjid, the Lal Qila and the Taj Mahal. For ten points, name this empire which dominated much of North India and whose rulers included Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan and Akbar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 316 ], [ 317, 426 ], [ 427, 542 ], [ 543, 670 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The {Garden of Earthly Delights}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One section of this work of art depicts a dark Creation in a globe populated only by plants.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a1b", "qanta_id": 60318, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One section of this work of art depicts a dark Creation in a globe populated only by plants. At the left of this work, God holds Eve by the wrist and a unicorn drinks from a pool in the middle of which sits a large pink flower-fountain. The center of this work depicts many people riding animals like deer, camels, horses and (*) griffins. On the right, a birdlike creature eats a man while excreting people from a toilet-throne. Its central section depicts a strawberry and cherry-fed orgy where naked people crawl into eggs, mollusks and even a bird. For 10 points, name this triptych by Hieronymus Bosch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 238 ], [ 238, 342 ], [ 342, 431 ], [ 432, 554 ], [ 555, 609 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Franz {Kafka}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, Delamarche and Robinson help get Karl Rossmann menial jobs until Karl escapes to Oklahoma. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Kafka", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a27", "qanta_id": 60330, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, Delamarche and Robinson help get Karl Rossmann menial jobs until Karl escapes to Oklahoma. Another work by this author sees Leni fall in love with the protagonist, who is not helped by his lawyer Herr Huld after he is arrested for an unknown crime. This author of Amerika wrote about (*) Josef K in The Trial. In this man's most famous novella, the protagonist is wounded when his father throws an apple that gets stuck in his back, which occurs after he awakes to discover he is vermin. For 10 points, name this author, who wrote about Gregor Samsa in The Metamorphosis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 120, 279 ], [ 279, 341 ], [ 341, 520 ], [ 520, 603 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{index of refraction} [or {refractive index}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity is approximately equal to the square root of the relative permittivity for most materials.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Refractive_index", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a35", "qanta_id": 60344, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity is approximately equal to the square root of the relative permittivity for most materials. The main research in metamaterials is on ones that have negative values for this quantity. The arctan of the ratio of this quantity is equal to Brewster's angle. The phase velocity is equal to the speed of light divided by this quantity. Its ratio is equal to the (*) sines of the angle of incidence and refraction according to Snell's law. For 10 points, name this quantity, symbolized n, that is defined as the speed of light in a vacuum divided by the speed of light in a medium.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 195 ], [ 196, 266 ], [ 267, 342 ], [ 343, 445 ], [ 446, 587 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a Serenade for Strings whose first movement is similar in style to Mozart and whose second movement is written in \"Tempo di valse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a38", "qanta_id": 60347, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer wrote a Serenade for Strings whose first movement is similar in style to Mozart and whose second movement is written in \"Tempo di valse.\" This composer included Serbian folk songs in his Marche Slave [\"slav\"]. One of this composer's ballets has the sorcerer Von Rothbart cast a spell on (*) Odette to make her turn into a bird at day. Another of his ballets includes a Trepak, and the Mouse King dies before the Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy and the Waltz of the Flowers is performed. For 10 points, name the composer of the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 150, 151 ], [ 152, 223 ], [ 224, 350 ], [ 350, 501 ], [ 501, 578 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{two} [accept {plus two} or {two plus}; do not accept \u201cminus two,\u201d do not accept \u201ctwo minus\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Oxalate can bind to the central atom in a coordination complex this many times. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "2", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a3b", "qanta_id": 60350, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Oxalate can bind to the central atom in a coordination complex this many times. Mesons are made of this many subparticles. Tartaric, citric, and carbonic acid have this many equivalence points. Tritium contains this many neutrons in its nucleus. Alkenes contain this many (*) bonds between its carbon atoms. All s orbitals can contain up to this many electrons. This is the oxidation number of zinc, and it is the number of valence electrons in all alkaline earth metals. For 10 points, name this number, which is the atomic number of helium.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 81, 125 ], [ 125, 197 ], [ 197, 250 ], [ 250, 313 ], [ 313, 368 ], [ 368, 479 ], [ 479, 549 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Federative Republic of {Brazil} [or Republica Federativa de {Brasil}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One war fought by this nation against its southern neighbor was the Cisplatine War, and Giuseppe Garabaldi fought for the Republicans in one rebellion in this nation, called the War of the Tatters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a46", "qanta_id": 60361, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One war fought by this nation against its southern neighbor was the Cisplatine War, and Giuseppe Garabaldi fought for the Republicans in one rebellion in this nation, called the War of the Tatters. The Duke of Caxias led this nation's forces in one major conflict, and this nation's independence was announced in the Cry of the (*) Ipiranga. Before his 1954 suicide, Getulio Vargas served as the fascist leader of this nation, which did not emancipate its slaves until the Golden Law of 1889 issued by the daughter of Dom Pedro II of this nation. Discovered by explorer Pedro Cabral, for 10 points, name this large South American nation, originally a colony of Portugal.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 341 ], [ 342, 546 ], [ 547, 670 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Brownian motion}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This process powers the perpetual motion machine known as Feynman's ratchet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brownian_motion", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a6a", "qanta_id": 60397, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This process powers the perpetual motion machine known as Feynman's ratchet. Langevin derived his namesake equation to model this process. This process is also known as the Weiner process. Jean Perrin confirmed the atomic nature of matter and derived Avogadro's number in his studies of this process. Those studies also verified the stochastic model of this process described in one of Einstein's Annus Mirabilis papers. It was discovered when its namesake observed (*) pollen grains suspended in water. For 10 points, name this random movement of particles suspended in a fluid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 138 ], [ 139, 188 ], [ 189, 300 ], [ 301, 420 ], [ 421, 503 ], [ 504, 579 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Soren {Kierkegaard }", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man referred to the \"dizziness of freedom\" in a work in which a man looking over a cliff instinctively feels the need to jump.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "S\u00f8ren_Kierkegaard", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a6b", "qanta_id": 60398, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man referred to the \"dizziness of freedom\" in a work in which a man looking over a cliff instinctively feels the need to jump. This man that wrote The Concept of Anxiety investigated the possibility of a \"teleological suspension of the ethical\" in a work in which the story of the sacrifice of Isaac is retold four times. This philosopher that wrote Fear (*) and Trembling created a debate between A and Judge Wilhelm over hedonistic and responsible lifestyles. For 10 points, name this Danish philosopher that wrote Either/Or.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 326 ], [ 327, 466 ], [ 467, 521 ], [ 522, 529 ], [ 529, 532 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "William {Faulkner}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this author's first novel, a wounded aviator returns to Charlestown to find his flapper fiancee Cecily dating George Farr.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Faulkner", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a70", "qanta_id": 60403, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this author's first novel, a wounded aviator returns to Charlestown to find his flapper fiancee Cecily dating George Farr. In that novel by this author, Donald Mahon waits for the title sum of money, goes blind, marries Margaret Powers and dies. In another novel by this author of Soldier's Pay, a trip to Jefferson is supported because Anse wants new teeth, Cash wants a \u2018graphophone' and Dewey (*) Dell wants an abortion, although the central movement of that novel is the Bundrens' journey from Yoknapatawpha County to bury Addie. For 10 points, name this Southern stream-of-consciousness author of As I Lay Dying, The Sound and the Fury and Absalom! Absalom!", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 248 ], [ 249, 537 ], [ 538, 657 ], [ 658, 666 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "D(avid) H(erbert) {Lawrence}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a short story where a young boy wins five thousand pounds for his spendthrift mother after riding the title conveyance to figure out the results of a race.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "D._H._Lawrence", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a76", "qanta_id": 60409, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a short story where a young boy wins five thousand pounds for his spendthrift mother after riding the title conveyance to figure out the results of a race. This author of \"The Rocking-Horse Winner\" wrote a novel in which Baxter Dawes threatens the main character for having an affair with his wife (*) Clara. In that novel by this author, an intentional overdose of morphine is given to a cancer-ridden woman by her aspiring artist son, the protagonist Paul Morel. In another novel by this author, the wife of Clifford has an affair with a gardener named Oliver Mellors. For 10 points, name this English novelist of Sons and Lovers and Lady Chatterley's Lover.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 326 ], [ 327, 482 ], [ 483, 588 ], [ 589, 678 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Thomas Robert {Malthus}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this man became the first to describe the demand schedule.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Robert_Malthus", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a7c", "qanta_id": 60415, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this man became the first to describe the demand schedule. That same work sees him refute Say's law, claiming gluts can exist in the short-run, while this man contends rent only exists in cases of surplus in \"An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent.\" Influential to Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles Darwin, some believe his theories point to a namesake (*) catastrophe. In his most famous work, he argues that food production grows arithmetically while population increases geometrically, as part of his namesake growth model. For 10 points, name this British economist who wrote \"An Essay on the Principle of Population.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 271 ], [ 272, 392 ], [ 393, 549 ], [ 550, 645 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Waterloo}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The bloody battle of Ligny preceded this battle and kept one side from joining this battle until late afternoon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Waterloo", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a84", "qanta_id": 60423, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The bloody battle of Ligny preceded this battle and kept one side from joining this battle until late afternoon. Early on, the losing side in this battle became bogged down trying to take the heavily fortified chateau Hougomont. Later in this battle, Bernhardt of Saxe-Weimar re-took Papelotte for the victors, and (*) Michel Ney was ordered to capture La Haye Saint for the eventual losers. A cavalry charge into Allied squares was unsuccessful and the Imperial Guard retreated shortly after the arrival of the Prussians under Gebhard von Blucher. For 10 points, name this 1815 battle in modern-day Belgium where the Duke of Wellington defeat Napoleon, ending his Hundred Days.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 228 ], [ 229, 318 ], [ 319, 391 ], [ 392, 550 ], [ 550, 679 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Eugene {Ionesco}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's essay Nu assails writers like Tudor Arghezi and Mircea Eliade, and his Hugoliade satirizes the life and writings of Victor Hugo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Ionesco", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a87", "qanta_id": 60426, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's essay Nu assails writers like Tudor Arghezi and Mircea Eliade, and his Hugoliade satirizes the life and writings of Victor Hugo. In one work by this writer, an elderly couple commits suicide after inviting over a series of invisible guests, while in another, Queens Marie and Marguerite are married to the dying, 400 year-old ruler of a failing kingdom. Aside from The (*) Chairs and Exit the King, this dramatist wrote a play about a visit between London couples, the Martins and the Smiths. In another, Berenger pines for his co-worker Daisy while Jean changes into the title animal. For 10 points, name this Romanian playwright of The Bald Soprano and Rhinoceros.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 364 ], [ 365, 503 ], [ 504, 596 ], [ 597, 677 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Caravaggio} [or Michelangelo {Merisi}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted himself and Mario Minniti in a work where one boy plays a lute, The Musicians.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Caravaggio", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a98", "qanta_id": 60443, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted himself and Mario Minniti in a work where one boy plays a lute, The Musicians. He depicted Minitti again in one version of a work portraying a white-turbaned woman reading a palm, The Fortune Teller. Another work by this man portrays a skull lying on a book next to the title saint. In addition to St. (*) Jerome Writing, he depicts Christ being recognized by a man wearing a pilgrim's shell who extends his arms outward in Supper at Emmaus. For 10 points, name this Baroque Italian artist, who used tenebrism in a work showing Christ pointing to the title man, The Calling of St. Matthew.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 219 ], [ 220, 302 ], [ 303, 327 ], [ 327, 464 ], [ 464, 611 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Socialist Republic of {Vietnam}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One dynasty to rule this country was founded by Lai Thai Tho and fought a war with the Song dynasty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vietnam", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515a99", "qanta_id": 60444, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One dynasty to rule this country was founded by Lai Thai Tho and fought a war with the Song dynasty. In addition to the Le dynasty, one kingdom in this country had its capital at Vijaya and was known as the Champa. One emperor of this country signed the Treaty of Hue as the last independent ruler of the (*) Nguyen Dynasty, Tu Duc. One Buddhist monk in this nation underwent self- immolation to protest the policies of the Catholic President Ngo Dinh Diem. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu ended French colonial rule of this Southeast Asian country unified under the communist rule of Ho Chi Minh. For 10 points, identify the nation that defeated the United States in a namesake war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 214 ], [ 215, 332 ], [ 333, 457 ], [ 458, 593 ], [ 594, 679 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The{ Scarlet Letter}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one scene in this novel, the protagonist visits the home of Governor Bellingham and is horrified at the reflection in a suit of armor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Scarlet_Letter", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515aa1", "qanta_id": 60452, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one scene in this novel, the protagonist visits the home of Governor Bellingham and is horrified at the reflection in a suit of armor. Mistress Hobbins accuses the protagonist of this novel of visiting the \"Black Man,\" and while delivering some embroidered gloves, the protagonist's daughter is called a (*) \"demon-child.\" That daughter has natural compassion for Reverend Dimmsdale, who is treated by Roger Chillingworth, the protagonist's old husband. For 10 points, name this work set in Puritan Boston in which an act of adultery produces Pearl and forces Hester Prynne to wear the title piece of cloth on her chest, an early American novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 325 ], [ 326, 456 ], [ 457, 671 ] ], "tournament": "Ohio State/VCU housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Marc {Chagall}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He designed sets and costumes at Moscow's Kamerny Theater and for his friend Sholem Aleichem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marc_Chagall", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515ac6", "qanta_id": 60489, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He designed sets and costumes at Moscow's Kamerny Theater and for his friend Sholem Aleichem. His later work was very dark, influenced by the Holocaust, as seen in Yellow Crucifixion, and by the death of his wife, as seen in works like Around Her and The Wedding Candles. For ten points, name this artist from Vitebsk who is perhaps best known for his depictions of traditional Jewish village life in paintings such as The Fiddler and I and the Village.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 271 ], [ 272, 453 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "(Paul-)Michel {Foucault}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He praised the pleasures of S & M and the bathhouse, and scandalized the French when he declared his favorite meal to be \"a good club sandwich with a Coke.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michel_Foucault", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515ad5", "qanta_id": 60504, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He praised the pleasures of S & M and the bathhouse, and scandalized the French when he declared his favorite meal to be \"a good club sandwich with a Coke.\" He died of AIDS-related septicemia in 1984, having completed only three of the six volumes of his History of Sexuality. He isolated four essential tropes of resemblance, namely convenientia, aemelatio, analogy, and sympathy, in an attempt to equate human sciences with the concept of \"man\" in his The Order of Things. For ten points, name this French philosopher and originator of the archaeology of knowledge, the author of Discipline and Punish and Madness and Civilization.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 276 ], [ 277, 474 ], [ 475, 634 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Ganesha} (or {Vinayaka})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He is extensively worshipped in the Deccan and depicted in Saivite (SHAY- vite) shrines.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ganesha", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515af7", "qanta_id": 60538, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He is extensively worshipped in the Deccan and depicted in Saivite (SHAY- vite) shrines. One story describing his origin states that he was created out of clay by Parvathi to stand guard over her modesty while she bathed. In his role as the Lord of Hosts, he wrote down Vyasa's dictatation of the Mahabharatha, is often depicted riding a mouse, and is worshipped as the god of obstacles. For ten points, name this Indian deity, whom Homer Simpson wearing an elephant mask could not imitate, for the god is graceful while Homer is not.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 221 ], [ 222, 387 ], [ 388, 534 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Hamiltonian}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The classical KAM theorem solves the small-divisor problem when small perturbations are introduced to this function.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics)", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515b2a", "qanta_id": 60589, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The classical KAM theorem solves the small-divisor problem when small perturbations are introduced to this function. The partial time derivative of a probability distribution p is given by the Poisson bracket of this function with p. The Legendre transform which transforms from generalized velocity coordinates to conjugate momenta produces it from the Lagrangian. The time- independent Schr\u00f6dinger equation is an eigenvalue equation for, for ten points, what operator, the observable corresponding to the total energy?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 230 ], [ 231, 233 ], [ 234, 365 ], [ 366, 520 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Ieoh Ming {Pei}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This banker's son, whose name means \"to inscribe brightly,\" studied under Walter Gropius at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I._M._Pei", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515b47", "qanta_id": 60618, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This banker's son, whose name means \"to inscribe brightly,\" studied under Walter Gropius at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. In 1955, he obtained U.S. citizenship and founded his own firm. His first project, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, caught the attention of Jackie Kennedy, who commissioned him to build the John F. Kennedy Library. For ten points, identify this architect, whose buildings include the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art, the Glass Pyramid of the Louvre, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 194 ], [ 195, 358 ], [ 359, 538 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Moli\u00e8re} or Jean Baptiste {Poquelin}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Some have speculated that he was the Man in the Iron Mask, having faked his 1673 death and lived another 40 years in prison.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moli\u00e8re", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515b57", "qanta_id": 60634, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some have speculated that he was the Man in the Iron Mask, having faked his 1673 death and lived another 40 years in prison. Relentless criticism and his unhappy marriage to Armande B\u00e9jart inspired such efforts as Impromptu de Versailles and The Forced Marriage. Other works include Sgnarelle and The Scatterbrain as well as such collaborations with Lully as The Bores. For ten points, name this French comedic dramatist who wrote The Imaginary Invalid and Tartuffe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 262 ], [ 263, 369 ], [ 370, 466 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Zeeman} Effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The experiment demonstrating it was suggested by Hendrik Lorentz and had already failed for Faraday.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zeeman_effect", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515b59", "qanta_id": 60636, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The experiment demonstrating it was suggested by Hendrik Lorentz and had already failed for Faraday. Light seen in the experiment was similar to sunspots, showing those objects to be intensely magnetic. Showing that electrons are affected by a magnetic field, it proved light and magnetism are connected and helped determine that atoms are composed of charged particles. For ten points, name this physical effect which prompted the discovery that tripling of spectral lines was caused by the altering of electron spins.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 202 ], [ 203, 370 ], [ 371, 519 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Diffraction}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It makes the sound of thunder from distant lightning low because sound must get past many obstacles and longer wavelengths more easily make it, unlike a close strike's sharp crack.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffraction", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515b63", "qanta_id": 60646, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It makes the sound of thunder from distant lightning low because sound must get past many obstacles and longer wavelengths more easily make it, unlike a close strike's sharp crack. It ruins magnified images if wavelengths employed for viewing are larger than objects seen. The Fresnel type occurs if that scientist's namesake number is greater than one; the Fraunhofer variety is seen if the value is less than one. It happens because Huygen's principle says all points on a wave front are propagation sources, so even the tiniest opening can ruin a soundproof room. For ten points, name the phenomenon of waves bending when passing edges of openings.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 272 ], [ 273, 415 ], [ 416, 566 ], [ 567, 651 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Iceland}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Glima, a form of wrestling, is its traditional sport, but soccer is the most popular.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iceland", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515b71", "qanta_id": 60660, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Glima, a form of wrestling, is its traditional sport, but soccer is the most popular. In 1998, 64% of this country's births were to single mothers, but its generous maternity insurance and leave give it extremely low infant mortality. Its largest glacier, Vatnajokull, is bigger than all others in Europe combined and its capital city, whose name means \"smoking bay,\" is the world's most northerly. For ten points, name this country on the second largest Atlantic island, with capital at Reykjavik.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 234 ], [ 235, 398 ], [ 399, 498 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Cherenkov} Effect or Radiation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It was once thought to be similar to the light emitted by dyes exposed to light, but its namesake showed that it lacked gradual decrease in light.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cherenkov_radiation", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515b7e", "qanta_id": 60673, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It was once thought to be similar to the light emitted by dyes exposed to light, but its namesake showed that it lacked gradual decrease in light. A similar effect is gamma rays having enough energy to pass light and make a visible cone. Explained by Frank and Tamm, it exists when high-energy radiation passes through transparent material. For ten points, name this effect similar to a sonic boom, in which charged particles passing through a medium at a speed greater than that of light produce visible light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 237 ], [ 238, 340 ], [ 341, 511 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Kenya}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Coffee and tea are its main exports and its national anthem is \"O God of All Creation.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenya", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515b8c", "qanta_id": 60687, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Coffee and tea are its main exports and its national anthem is \"O God of All Creation.\" Lake Rudolph lies in it and this country's two greatest rivers are the Tana and Galana. The Rift Valley splits its highlands into the Mau Escarpment and the Aberdane range. Almost all land is sparsely populated except the fertile southwest, home to three-quarters of the people. It has large white, Arab and South Asian minorities and its largest tribe is the Kikuyu. Its greatest port is Mombasa. For ten points, name this East African country with capital at Nairobi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 175 ], [ 176, 260 ], [ 261, 366 ], [ 367, 455 ], [ 456, 485 ], [ 486, 557 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Johann Wolfgang von {Goethe}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An eight volume, 6000-page series details what he was doing most days of his life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515b8d", "qanta_id": 60688, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An eight volume, 6000-page series details what he was doing most days of his life. At one point, he thought he had been imprisoned for seven years for loving Leonora, the Duke of Alfonso's sister, but, in fact, he was just out of his mind. Coiner of the term morphology, he was an amateur scientist who discovered the intermaxillary bone and wrote On the Theory of Colors. His first play was The Lover's Caprice, but he is more famous for such writings as Iphigenia in Tauris. For ten points, name this German author of Faust and The Sorrows of Young Werther.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 239 ], [ 240, 372 ], [ 373, 476 ], [ 477, 559 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Romance of the Three Kingdoms} [or {San Guo Yan Yi}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Episodes in this novel include Sun Ruan Er killing her husband with a needle, Xiahou Dun eating his own severed eyeball, and Lu Bu riding into battle on the \"five-hundred-mile-a-day horse\" Red-Hare.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515b96", "qanta_id": 60697, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Episodes in this novel include Sun Ruan Er killing her husband with a needle, Xiahou Dun eating his own severed eyeball, and Lu Bu riding into battle on the \"five-hundred-mile-a-day horse\" Red-Hare. Its chief characters are a Taoist hermit who becomes a master tactician, named Zhuge Liang, the poet-general Cao Cao, and three men who swear brotherhood by a peach tree: the warrior Zhang Fei, the knight Guan Yu, and the nobleman Liu Bei, a descendant of the Han dynastic line. For ten points, name this Luo Guanzhong novel describing a third-century era of Chinese history.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 198 ], [ 199, 477 ], [ 478, 574 ] ], "tournament": "The New Tournament at Cornell", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "the {liver}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The Babylonians believed that it was where the soul resided in the body, and used them to determine the will of the gods.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515bcc", "qanta_id": 60750, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Babylonians believed that it was where the soul resided in the body, and used them to determine the will of the gods. Plato put the lowest division of the soul into this organ, while Galen claimed that it converted food into blood. FTP, identify this organ, which converts glucose to glycogen, stores and breaks down fats, breaks excess amino acids down to ammonia, and produces bile.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 235 ], [ 236, 388 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Open", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Leviathan", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Part Four includes chapters on demonology and other relics of the religion of the gentiles and the darkness from vain philosophy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515c08", "qanta_id": 60810, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Part Four includes chapters on demonology and other relics of the religion of the gentiles and the darkness from vain philosophy. Part Three has chapters on the number, antiquity, scope, authority, and interpreters of the books of holy scripture, what is necessary for a mans reception into the kingdom of heaven, and the principles of christian politics. FTP, identify this philosophical work, whose first two parts are more frequently read and deal with man and the commonwealth, which was published in Latin in 1668, seventeen years after being published in English by Thomas Hobbes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 355 ], [ 356, 586 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Open", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "{Pictures at an Exhibition}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The seventh section depicts a dialogue between Samuel Goldenberg and Schmuyle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pictures_at_an_Exhibition", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515c1b", "qanta_id": 60829, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The seventh section depicts a dialogue between Samuel Goldenberg and Schmuyle. The fourth is set at the Tuileries, the eighth at the Market Place at Limoges, and the ninth alternates heavy and light chords in its depiction of the Paris catacombs. FTP, identify this musical work, whose other sections include The Gnome, Promenade, and The Great Gate of Kiev, written to honor the memory of Victor Hartmann by his friend Modest Mussorgky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 246 ], [ 247, 437 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Open", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Shiva", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "When hes not sitting alone atop Mount Kailasa, he may be seen riding his white bull Nandi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shiva", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515c35", "qanta_id": 60855, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When hes not sitting alone atop Mount Kailasa, he may be seen riding his white bull Nandi. The love god Kama was reborn as Rukmini by permission of this god after he had burnt him to cinders, in retaliation for having been hit by an arrow of love and roused from his meditation. FTP, identify this Hindu god, who wears a tiger skin and has a snake around his neck, who has four arms, four faces, and three eyes, whose consort is Parvati, and who is known as the destroyer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 278 ], [ 279, 472 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Open", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Nikolay {Gogol}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He was working as a lecturer in history at the University of Saint Petersburg when the success of his poem Italia prompted him to write a lengthy narrative poem, Hanz Keuchelgarten.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Gogol", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515c44", "qanta_id": 60870, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was working as a lecturer in history at the University of Saint Petersburg when the success of his poem Italia prompted him to write a lengthy narrative poem, Hanz Keuchelgarten. It was a complete failure, and he turned to prose, publishing in 1835 a collection of essays and three stories entitled Arabesques. FTP, name this Russian author of Taras Bulba, Nevsky Prospect, and The Overcoat, who is best known for works like The Inspector General and Dead Souls.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 313 ], [ 314, 465 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Open", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "O. {Henry} (accept William Sydney {Porter})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His posthumously published volumes include Sixes and Sevens, Rolling Stones, and Waifs and Strays.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "O._Henry", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515c4b", "qanta_id": 60877, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His posthumously published volumes include Sixes and Sevens, Rolling Stones, and Waifs and Strays. He founded The Rolling Stone, a comic magazine, in 1894, but it was not until he found himself in a Columbus prison for embezzlement five years later that he began to write stories of his own. FTP, identify this author of The Trimmed Lamp, The Four Million, and Cabbages and Kings, best known for stories with trick endings like The Luck of Roaring Camp and The Gift of the Magi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 291 ], [ 292, 478 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Open", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Friedrich von {Hayek}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His early work, such as The Pure Theory of Capital, dealt with the problems caused by industrial fluctuations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Hayek", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515c59", "qanta_id": 60891, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His early work, such as The Pure Theory of Capital, dealt with the problems caused by industrial fluctuations. His later work addresses the role of prices in controlling the economy, a question considered in his Law, Legislation and Liberty. FTP, identify this man, who was a professor at London University, the University of Chicago, and the universities of Freiburg and Salzburg, who argued for free markets and individual liberty in The Road to Serfdom, and who shared the Nobel Prize in 1974 with Gunnar Myrdal.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 241 ], [ 242, 515 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Open", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "sulphuric acid (prompt on sulphuric acid or tetraoxosulphuric(VI) acid)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This acid is rarely used in pure form, and is commonly used in a 96-98% solution.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfuric_acid", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515c94", "qanta_id": 60950, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This acid is rarely used in pure form, and is commonly used in a 96-98% solution. A strong protonating agent, it protonates chlorides and nitrates, producing hydrogen chloride and nitric acid, while as a moderately strong oxidizing agent it will dissolve copper. The most produced chemical product in the UK, it is now made using the contact process method, which replaced the lead-chamber process. Also known as oil of vitriol, FTP, what is this acid with formula H2 SO4?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 262 ], [ 263, 398 ], [ 399, 472 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Grignard reagents", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "These compounds add to carboxylic acids to produce first a ketone and ultimately a tertiary alcohol, which is also the result when they are added to ketones.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grignard_reaction", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515c9d", "qanta_id": 60959, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These compounds add to carboxylic acids to produce first a ketone and ultimately a tertiary alcohol, which is also the result when they are added to ketones. When added to most aldehydes they form secondary alcohols, the exception being when added to formaldehyde, which produces a primary alcohol. Rarely isolated but extensively used in organic synthesis, they were discovered in 1900 by the chemist for whom they are named. With general formula R Mg X, FTP, what are these reagents?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 298 ], [ 299, 426 ], [ 427, 485 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "The Barber of Seville", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Although first produced in 1816, this opera is one of the last examples of the style of Italian comic opera popular in the 18th century, and is the last major opera to use the secco recitative.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Barber_of_Seville", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515cc3", "qanta_id": 60997, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Although first produced in 1816, this opera is one of the last examples of the style of Italian comic opera popular in the 18th century, and is the last major opera to use the secco recitative. Major moments include the \"singing lesson\" scene and the aria \"Largo al factorum\", one of the greatest examples of buffo aria in rapid declamation. In it, a count gains admittance to the house of his romantic rival, Dr. Bartolo, by disguising himself first as a drunken sailor and then as a music teacher, and shortly thereafter a notary who was to marry Rosina to Bartolo is convinced to marry Rosina to Almaviva instead. FTP, what is this Rossini opera in which Almaviva is aided by the resourceful barber Figaro?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 341 ], [ 342, 616 ], [ 617, 709 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Porifera", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Members of this phylum filter food particles from water using choanocytes, flagellated cells with cause water to flow in through openings in the body wall called ostia and flow out through the oscula, openings at the top.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sponge", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515d20", "qanta_id": 61090, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Members of this phylum filter food particles from water using choanocytes, flagellated cells with cause water to flow in through openings in the body wall called ostia and flow out through the oscula, openings at the top. Their bodies are hollow, are supported by an internal skeleton of spicules of chalk, silica, or fibrous protein, and consist basically of aggregations of cells between which there is little nervous coordination. FTP, what is this phylum comprising the sponges?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 221 ], [ 222, 433 ], [ 434, 482 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Ethiopia (prompt on Abyssinia)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This empire's ruler Susenyos was converted to Roman Catholicism in 1626, but he was soon forced to abdicate by his son Fasilidas, who moved the capital to Gondar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethiopia", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515d2b", "qanta_id": 61101, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This empire's ruler Susenyos was converted to Roman Catholicism in 1626, but he was soon forced to abdicate by his son Fasilidas, who moved the capital to Gondar. It grew from the city of Axum, and after its collapse the Zadwe Dynasty emerged, only to be replaced in 1270 by the Solomonic dynasty, bringing the Amharas to prominence. After centuries of choas, the empire was reunited in 1855 by Tewodros II, and its independence was defended at the Battle of Adowa by his son Menelik II. FTP, what is this African country most famously headed by Haile Selassie?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 333 ], [ 334, 487 ], [ 488, 561 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Jorge Luis Borges", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "With Adolfo Bioy Casares this author of The Doer and The Book of Imaginary Beings wrote detective stories under the pseudonym Honorio Bustos Domecq, resulting in the book Six Problems for Don Isidro Parodi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jorge_Luis_Borges", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515d56", "qanta_id": 61144, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "With Adolfo Bioy Casares this author of The Doer and The Book of Imaginary Beings wrote detective stories under the pseudonym Honorio Bustos Domecq, resulting in the book Six Problems for Don Isidro Parodi. His early fiction was traditional, as seen in A Universal History of Infamy, but in 1938 he suffered a severe head wound that left him near death, bereft of speech, and fearing insanity, leading him to produce the fantastic fiction for which he is best-known, many of which are collected in Ficciones. FTP, who was this Argentinian author of The Aleph?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 508 ], [ 509, 559 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{Pompey} the Great [accept Gnaeus {Pompeius} Magnus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Lucius Sulla ordered this man to recover Sicily and Africa from the Marians, and this man crushed a revolt led by the consul Marcus Lepidus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pompey", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515daf", "qanta_id": 61233, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Lucius Sulla ordered this man to recover Sicily and Africa from the Marians, and this man crushed a revolt led by the consul Marcus Lepidus. He helped Metellus fight against Sertorius in Spain, and his son Sextus became a pirate after losing at the Battle of Munda. Aulus Gabinius granted this man powers to fight off the Cilician pirates in Lex Gabinia, and he helped end the slave rebellion led by Spartacus. Ptolemy XIII ordered the assassination of this man in Egypt, and he was defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus. For 10 points, name this member of the First Triumvirate who fought Julius Caesar in a civil war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 265 ], [ 266, 410 ], [ 411, 519 ], [ 520, 617 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Marduk} [accept {Bel}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This mythological figure built a palace named Esharra after his greatest victory, and he gave his son Nabu a dragon named Mushussu.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marduk", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515db3", "qanta_id": 61237, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This mythological figure built a palace named Esharra after his greatest victory, and he gave his son Nabu a dragon named Mushussu. His father warned a figure of a great flood that would destroy mankind, and his four horses each held poison in their mouths. He organized the years into months after his victory over a monster. He created tornados with the winds given to him by Anu, and he disturbed a monster that he would later defeat with a net and an arrow. For 10 points, name this god who defeated Tiamat in a battle to become the chief god of Babylon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 257 ], [ 258, 326 ], [ 327, 461 ], [ 462, 558 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Federative Republic of {Brazil}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country contains the Town of Diamantina, and the island of Maraj\u00f3 is located at the mouth of this country's longest river.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515dd8", "qanta_id": 61274, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country contains the Town of Diamantina, and the island of Maraj\u00f3 is located at the mouth of this country's longest river. This country contains the Mantiqueira Mountains in its southeast, and the longest river that runs entirely in this country is the Sao Francisco. This country also contains the Iguazu Falls near Curitiba, and a region full of swamps and marshes is known as the Pantanal. Rocky slopes descend into the sea at its Guanabara Bay. For 10 points, name this South American country whose cities include Sao Paulo and Rio di Janeiro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 272 ], [ 273, 397 ], [ 398, 453 ], [ 454, 552 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sir Ahmed Salman {Rushdie}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, Dr. Shakil marries Sufiya, and this author of Shame described a mass sterilization program which affects Parvati-the- witch, Shiva, and Saleem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salman_Rushdie", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515ddd", "qanta_id": 61279, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this author, Dr. Shakil marries Sufiya, and this author of Shame described a mass sterilization program which affects Parvati-the- witch, Shiva, and Saleem. Children who are born at the moment of India's partition possess special powers in this author's Midnight's Children. His most controversial work depicts Saladin Chamcha and Gabriel Farishta surviving an airplane explosion over the English Channel. For 10 points, name this author who had a fatwa issued against him for his novel The Satanic Verses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 290 ], [ 291, 421 ], [ 422, 522 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Henry VIII} [prompt on {Henry}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's armies were victorious at the Sieges of Boulogne and he was a signatory of the Treaty of Ardres.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_VIII_of_England", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515de0", "qanta_id": 61282, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's armies were victorious at the Sieges of Boulogne and he was a signatory of the Treaty of Ardres. During this king's reign, the Earl of Surrey stopped a Scottish invasion by defeating them at the Battle of Flodden. The Pilgrimage of Grace occurred during this king's reign, and he had Sir Thomas More beheaded for violating the Treason Act. This king had the Common Book of Prayer written and he issued the 1st Act of Supremacy. For 10 points, name this 16th century second Tudor King of England known for his many wives, who established the Anglican Church and had two daughters, Mary I and Elizabeth I.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 224 ], [ 225, 350 ], [ 351, 438 ], [ 439, 614 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Iceland} [accept {Lydveldid Island}]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country is home to the largest waterfall in Europe, Dettifoss.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iceland", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515dfa", "qanta_id": 61308, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country is home to the largest waterfall in Europe, Dettifoss. The largest national park in Europe contains the former Skaftafell National Park in this country. Its largest airport is named Keflav\u00edk, and its second largest city is Akureyi. With its source at Hofsj\u00f6kull, Thjorsa is this country's longest river. Eight percent of this country is covered by Vatnaj\u00f6kull, the largest glacier in Europe. This island nation is located on the Mid Atlantic Ridge, and the island of Surtsey is its southernmost point. For 10 points, identify this Scandinavian nation with capital at Reykjavik.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 165 ], [ 166, 244 ], [ 245, 316 ], [ 317, 404 ], [ 405, 514 ], [ 515, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Walt {Whitman}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author features a series of italicized stanzas in which a pair of birds sing songs on Paumanok.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walt_Whitman", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515dfc", "qanta_id": 61310, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poem by this author features a series of italicized stanzas in which a pair of birds sing songs on Paumanok. The conclusion of that poem focuses on the sea singing to the \"solitary me\" about death. This poet of \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\" wrote \"Flood-tide below me! I watch you face to face\" in \"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry.\" Another of his poems concludes with the lines \"But I / with mournful tread / Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead,\" and that poem was written after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. For 10 points, name this poet who wrote \"O Captain! My Captain\" and Leaves of Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 201 ], [ 202, 280 ], [ 281, 336 ], [ 337, 384 ], [ 384, 537 ], [ 538, 589 ], [ 590, 622 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Catch-22}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel makes a list of \"feathers in his cap\" and \"black eyes\" every night.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catch-22", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e07", "qanta_id": 61321, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel makes a list of \"feathers in his cap\" and \"black eyes\" every night. Kid Sampson is killed by the propeller of a low- flying plane, and a character who claims to be a photographer for Life magazine is named Hungry Joe. Michaela is raped and murdered by Aarfy in this novel, and the world's entire supply of Egyptian cotton is bought by the M&M Enterprises. The protagonist is deeply affected by the death of Snowden, and a glitch in the IBM machine results in the promotion of Major Major Major Major. For 10 points, name this novel featuring a World War II bombardier named Yossarian, a work by Joseph Heller.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 245 ], [ 246, 383 ], [ 384, 528 ], [ 529, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Magnetic Field} [accept {B-field}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This entity's presence in a two-dimensional conductor creates Landau levels in the quantum hall effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Magnetic_field", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e0c", "qanta_id": 61326, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This entity's presence in a two-dimensional conductor creates Landau levels in the quantum hall effect. The Lorentz force on a particle is given by charge times velocity cross this entity, which is equal to the curl of the vector potential. They are expelled from superconductors in the Meissner effect, and Faraday's law of induction describes how a changing one produces an electrical current. They are formed when an electrical current passes through a solenoid, and Gauss showed that the divergence of these entities is zero unless monopoles exist. For 10 points, name this entity most commonly associated with objects with north and south poles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 240 ], [ 241, 395 ], [ 396, 552 ], [ 553, 650 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Saratoga}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One general in this battle took over the troops of Ebenezer Learned without authority, and Major Armstrong was unable to order that general to return until the fighting had ended.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battles_of_Saratoga", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e0d", "qanta_id": 61327, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One general in this battle took over the troops of Ebenezer Learned without authority, and Major Armstrong was unable to order that general to return until the fighting had ended. General Poor's brigade was the first to come to the aid of Daniel Morgan's attack, and a sniper fatally wounded Simon Fraser in one phase of this battle. The losing commander never received reinforcements from Henry Clinton, and this battle took place at Bemis Heights and Freeman's Farm. John Burgoyne was defeated by Benedict Arnold and Horatio Gates in, For 10 points, what 1777 American victory is often dubbed the turning point of the Revolutionary War?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 333 ], [ 334, 468 ], [ 469, 638 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Krebs Cycle} [accept {citric acid cycle} or {tricarboxylic acid cycle} or {TCA}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One enzyme in this process known as acontinase is involved in a rehydration reaction after a dehydration one.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Citric_acid_cycle", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e10", "qanta_id": 61330, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One enzyme in this process known as acontinase is involved in a rehydration reaction after a dehydration one. Ubiquinone is degraded in one step by a protein using a FADH2 cofactor, and fumarate is formed in the only membrane-bound step of this process. This process takes place in the mitochondrial matrix after pyruvate decarboxylation forms acetyl coenzyme A, and it produces NADH. For 10 points, name this metabolic pathway that is followed by the electron transport chain, an anaerobic process central to cellular respiration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 253 ], [ 254, 384 ], [ 385, 531 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Tennessee {Williams}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's rewrite of his Battle of Angels features the musician Val, who always carries a guitar with him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tennessee_Williams", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e13", "qanta_id": 61333, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's rewrite of his Battle of Angels features the musician Val, who always carries a guitar with him. In one novel by this man, the truck driver Rosario is killed, and Alvaro falls in love with Serafina. This author of Orpheus Descending and The Rose Tattoo wrote a work in which Maxine ties up one character in a hammock because he tries to swim to China. That character, Larry, later begs Hannah to free a tied-up iguana. A character created by this man kisses Laura Wingfield, while another is the son of Big Daddy, who drinks himself to death. For 10 points, name this author of The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 209 ], [ 210, 362 ], [ 363, 429 ], [ 430, 553 ], [ 554, 638 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Bystander Effect}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "John Darley and Bibb Latan\u00e9 once demonstrated this phenomenon using an experiment involving smoke slowly filling a room.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bystander_effect", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e17", "qanta_id": 61337, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "John Darley and Bibb Latan\u00e9 once demonstrated this phenomenon using an experiment involving smoke slowly filling a room. One of the factors influencing it is diffusion of responsibility, which provides evidence for why it is more prevalent when larger populations are present. Good Samaritan laws attempt to reduce this phenomenon, one famous example of which include Winston Mosely's murder of Kitty Genovese. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which onlookers amidst wrongdoing generally do nothing.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 276 ], [ 277, 410 ], [ 411, 505 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Milton {Friedman}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man worked with Leonard Savage to theorize that the curve of an individual's utility function differs based on their wealth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Milton_Friedman", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e2e", "qanta_id": 61360, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man worked with Leonard Savage to theorize that the curve of an individual's utility function differs based on their wealth. This man's namesake rule advocated setting the nominal interest at zero, and he argued that licensing doctors resulted in the inflation of their incomes. He worked with Edmund Phelps to develop the concept of the \"natural rate of unemployment,\" and he criticized Keynesian economics during a period of stagflation, favoring monetarism. For 10 points, name this Chicago school economist who wrote Capitalism and Freedom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 283 ], [ 284, 465 ], [ 466, 549 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Timur} the Lame [accept {Tamerlane} or {Tamburlane} or {Tambor-lenk}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After the death of Amir Kazgan, this man declared fealty to the leader who overran the chief city of Transoxania.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Timur", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e2f", "qanta_id": 61361, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After the death of Amir Kazgan, this man declared fealty to the leader who overran the chief city of Transoxania. He was victorious at the Battle of the Terek River, and this man besieged his brother-in-law Amir Husayn at Balkh. This man invaded Anatolia in 1402, and supported Tokhtamysh's invasion of Moscow. He and his son Shah Rukh defeated the army of Bayezid at the Battle of Ankara. He sacked the city of Delhi and built pyramids out of skulls at Damascus. For 10 points, name this ruler from Asia who tried to restore the Mongol Empire from his capital at Samarkand.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 228 ], [ 229, 310 ], [ 311, 389 ], [ 390, 463 ], [ 464, 574 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{O. Henry} [accept William Sydney {Porter}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, Detective Woods arrests Kernan for the murder of Norcross, \"The Clarion Call.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "O._Henry", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e3e", "qanta_id": 61376, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's works, Detective Woods arrests Kernan for the murder of Norcross, \"The Clarion Call.\" One story by this man sees Mr. Behrman paint a leaf on a wall, while in another, Jimmy Valentine opens a safe in order to save a child. This author of \"A Retrieved Reformation\" wrote stories such as \"The Furnished Room\" in his collection The Four Million. He wrote about two kidnappers who pay Ebenezer Dorset to take back the title character in \"The Ransom of Red Chief,\" and his most famous story features Jim and Della selling their most prized possessions to buy Christmas gifts for each other. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Gift of the Magi.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 105, 106 ], [ 107, 242 ], [ 243, 344 ], [ 345, 362 ], [ 363, 605 ], [ 606, 664 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Shiva}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity gave a bow to King Janaka, which Rama broke when he won the hand of Sita.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shiva", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e41", "qanta_id": 61379, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity gave a bow to King Janaka, which Rama broke when he won the hand of Sita. He crushed the dwarf Apasmara with his right foot and yielded a trident that represented the three gunas. He is often depicted wearing the cobra Naga around his neck, and he swallowed the poison Halahala to obtain his blue throat. His vehicle is the white bull Nandi, and he is often depicted as Nataraja, the eternal dancer. His third eye destroys everything before it. For 10 points, name this husband of Parvati and destroyer god of the Hindu Trimurti.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 190 ], [ 191, 315 ], [ 316, 410 ], [ 411, 455 ], [ 456, 540 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Gabriel {Garcia Marquez}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A work by this man opens with an examination of a chess player who committed suicide by breathing gold-cyanide.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gabriel_Garc\u00eda_M\u00e1rquez", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e42", "qanta_id": 61380, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A work by this man opens with an examination of a chess player who committed suicide by breathing gold-cyanide. Popularity of the title figure of one of his works declines due to the daughter who transforms into a tarantula. This author of \"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings\" wrote a novel in which Jos\u00e9 Arcadio starts speaking Latin while tied to a tree. The Vicario brothers murder Santiago Nasar in one work by this man, and another novel by this man features the Buendia family in Macondo. For 10 points, name this author of Chronicle of a Death Foretold and One Hundred Years of Solitude.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 224 ], [ 225, 356 ], [ 357, 494 ], [ 495, 594 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Chicago}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The largest convention center in the U.S. is located in this city, and the Canal Street railroad bridge lies on its namesake river.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chicago", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e58", "qanta_id": 61402, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The largest convention center in the U.S. is located in this city, and the Canal Street railroad bridge lies on its namesake river. That river's branches converge to form the Main Stem at Wolf Point, and the tomb of Stephen Douglas is located in this city. The neighborhood of Streeterville contains its Navy Pier, and the Lake Point Tower is located east of its Lake Shore Drive. Its Orange Line connects Midway Airport with \"the Loop,\" and it holds the tallest building in the U.S. For 10 points, name this home of the Willis Tower, the largest city in Illinois.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 256 ], [ 257, 380 ], [ 381, 483 ], [ 484, 564 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Nathaniel {Hawthorne}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One short story by this author sees the title character halt a procession led by Edmund Andros, and in another, a small orange lizard distorts itself to death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nathaniel_Hawthorne", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e5c", "qanta_id": 61406, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One short story by this author sees the title character halt a procession led by Edmund Andros, and in another, a small orange lizard distorts itself to death. This author of \"The Gray Champion\" wrote about four old men who travel to Florida in search of the Fountain of Youth in \"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment\". He also wrote a short story in which Goodman finds his wife Faith at a witches' Sabbath. In his most famous novel, Arthur Dimmesdale fathers Pearl with Hester Prynne. For 10 points, name this American author of The Scarlet Letter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 309 ], [ 310, 398 ], [ 399, 476 ], [ 477, 540 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Joseph Rudyard {Kipling}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about the triumph of proverbs in his work The Gods of the Copybook Headings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rudyard_Kipling", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e65", "qanta_id": 61415, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about the triumph of proverbs in his work The Gods of the Copybook Headings. In one poem, he states that the hyenas \"know that the dead are safer meat,\" and in another, a soldier is hanged for shooting a sleeping comrade. This author of \"Danny Deever\" wrote a story in which Daniel Dravot and Peachey Carnehan take over the throne of Kafiristan. The narrator of one of his poems tells a water carrier that he is \"a better man than I am,\" and he created such characters as Shere Khan, Baloo, and Mowgli. For 10 points, name this British author of The Jungle Book.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 239 ], [ 240, 363 ], [ 364, 520 ], [ 521, 580 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Teapot Dome} Scandal", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The planning of this event occurred at the Little Green House on K Street, and this event resulted in the resignation of Edwin Denby.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Teapot_Dome_scandal", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e74", "qanta_id": 61430, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The planning of this event occurred at the Little Green House on K Street, and this event resulted in the resignation of Edwin Denby. This event led to the McGrain v. Daughtery decision by the Supreme Court, and John Kendrick was the first to call for an investigation of it. Robert La Follette led that investigation, which revealed that the properties at Elk Hills were leased to Edward Doheny. Harry Sinclair bribed the Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall in, For 10 points, what scandal during the Harding administration, concerning a Wyoming oil reserve?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 275 ], [ 276, 396 ], [ 397, 561 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XIX", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Herman {Melville}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After his father, depicted in Oliver Wendell Holmes's poem The Last Leaf, died, his mother added an \"e\" to the end of his surname to produce its current spelling.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Herman_Melville", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e84", "qanta_id": 61446, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After his father, depicted in Oliver Wendell Holmes's poem The Last Leaf, died, his mother added an \"e\" to the end of his surname to produce its current spelling. One of this man's early works is Redburn: His First Voyage based on his own travels and a posthumously published work tells the story of an unfortunate sailor. His most famous work, dedicated to Nathaniel Hawthorne, is based on his time on the Acushnet while sailing to the South Pacific. His Piazza Tales include Bartleby the Scrivner. FTP, name this author of Billy Budd and Moby Dick. |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 204 ], [ 205, 322 ], [ 323, 451 ], [ 452, 499 ], [ 500, 560 ], [ 560, 561 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XV", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Nadine {Gordimer}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Seamus Heaney called her one of the \"guerillas of imagination,\" which seems odd because most of her novels deal with true to life troubles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515e96", "qanta_id": 61464, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Seamus Heaney called her one of the \"guerillas of imagination,\" which seems odd because most of her novels deal with true to life troubles. The oppressive government banned many of her novels, including 1981's July's People, because they dealt with relationships between whites and blacks. More recently, she has been very involved in raising awareness for HIV/AIDS in Africa. She worked with Woody Allen and Chinua Achebe on a 2004 short story book Telling Tales, which was an attempt to get government funding for HIV/AIDS research. FTP, name this 1991 Nobel Laureate, the first South African to win the prize. |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 289 ], [ 290, 376 ], [ 377, 534 ], [ 535, 622 ], [ 622, 623 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XV", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Sir {Gawain and the Green Knight} or Sir {Gawain and the Knight of the Green Chapel} (accept similar)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It is 101 stanzas long, and was written in a West- or North-Midlands dialect by an unknown poet, who is often called the Pearl Poet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515ed9", "qanta_id": 61531, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It is 101 stanzas long, and was written in a West- or North-Midlands dialect by an unknown poet, who is often called the Pearl Poet. It begins when a knight visits Arthur's court and challenges the Knights of the Round Table to deal him a blow with an ax. One accepts the challenge, but the knight merely picks up his severed head and tells him to meet him a year later. He ends up before the mysterious knight with a girdle from a lady he had met in a castle nearby, which would supposedly protect him, however, the knight does not deal him a killing blow. FTP, name this medieval tale of a knight of a certain color who tests the title character's honor. |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 255 ], [ 256, 370 ], [ 371, 557 ], [ 558, 666 ], [ 666, 667 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XV", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian {Bach}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His time in Weimar produced one of his lesser known compositions, Little Organ Book, which is a collection of chorale preludes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515eed", "qanta_id": 61551, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His time in Weimar produced one of his lesser known compositions, Little Organ Book, which is a collection of chorale preludes. In his lifetime he composed over two hundred cantatas and over two hundred chorales. His large-scale sacred works include the Christmas Oratorio and Mass in B Minor. However, he may be best known for his keyboard works. Increasingly complex fugues are constructed on a simple theme in The Art of Fugue. Preludes are paired with fugues and cycle through all twenty-four keys in The Well-Tempered Clavier. FTP, name this prolific German composer and patriarch of a large musical family. |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 212 ], [ 213, 293 ], [ 294, 347 ], [ 348, 430 ], [ 431, 531 ], [ 532, 622 ], [ 622, 623 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XV", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Frederic {Chopin}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In his review of this composer's Variations on a Theme from Don Giovanni, Robert Schumann famously wrote, \"Hats off, gentlemen, a genius!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric_Chopin", "proto_id": "5476da95ea23cca905515efb", "qanta_id": 61565, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In his review of this composer's Variations on a Theme from Don Giovanni, Robert Schumann famously wrote, \"Hats off, gentlemen, a genius!\" At age twenty-four he contracted pulmonary tuberculosis in Mallorca, and his lifelong ill health is reflected in the bitterness of his scherzos and ballades. His grief over his homeland's oppression under Russia inspired some of his greatest works. FTP, name this Polish pianist who composed the \"Heroic\" Polonaise and \"Funeral March\" Sonata. ---|--- |", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 296 ], [ 297, 387 ], [ 388, 505 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XV", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "The {Count of Monte Cristo} (or Le {Comte de Monte-Cristo})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work refuses to eat a grape offered to him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Count_of_Monte_Cristo", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515f4f", "qanta_id": 61649, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work refuses to eat a grape offered to him. Jacopo offers to help the protagonist after he fakes an injury, but he declines so that he may search for the treasure of the Spada family. The title character prevents Maximilien from committing suicide, just he had done with Maximilien's father (*) Morrel, before vanishing with Haydee. Fernand Mondego marries Mercedes and Danglars becomes a successful banker after falsely accusing the title character of treason. For ten points, identify this novel in which Edmond Dantes gets his revenge, a work of Alexandre Dumas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 205 ], [ 206, 354 ], [ 355, 483 ], [ 484, 587 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Michael {Faraday}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's ice pail experiment demonstrated that charge in an electrically conducting body rests entirely on the surface.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michael_Faraday", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515f5a", "qanta_id": 61660, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's ice pail experiment demonstrated that charge in an electrically conducting body rests entirely on the surface. This discoverer of benzene coined the term diamagnetism, and in his namesake effect, a polarized beam of light is rotated by application of a similarly-aligned magnetic field. An external electric field can be cancelled out using his namesake (*) \"cage,\" and, using his iron ring-coil, he found that a changing current in one wire would create a current in one nearby. For ten points, identify this British physicist and namesake of the SI unit for capacitance who discovered electromagnetic induction.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 297 ], [ 298, 490 ], [ 491, 624 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The {Tin Drum} (or Die {Blechtrommel})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this work forms a band with Klepp and Scholle, which plays at the Onion Cellar, where one may go to peel onions and cry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515f5b", "qanta_id": 61661, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this work forms a band with Klepp and Scholle, which plays at the Onion Cellar, where one may go to peel onions and cry. The protagonist's lover Roswitha is killed during D-Day, and one character who may be the protagonist's father is killed while defending the Polish Post Office. His other possible father chokes to death on a (*) Nazi pin, and the protagonist of this work has a scream that can break glass. This work's protagonist is sent to an asylum after the death of Sister Dorothea, and he decides to stop growing at the age of three. For ten points, identify this novel about Oskar Matzerath and the title instrument, a work by Gunter Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 300 ], [ 301, 429 ], [ 430, 562 ], [ 563, 670 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Gustav {Mahler}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's first substantial composition was a cantata titled Das klagende Lied, and the adagietto movement of his fifth symphony is scored for string orchestra and harp.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustav_Mahler", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515f64", "qanta_id": 61670, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's first substantial composition was a cantata titled Das klagende Lied, and the adagietto movement of his fifth symphony is scored for string orchestra and harp. He also created a song cycle based on poems of Friedrich R\u00fcckert called Songs on the Death of Children. This man incorporated an earlier funeral march, Totenfeier, into his second symphony, (*) Resurrection. One performance of this composer's eighth symphony involved 1068 musicians, and his first symphony features a solo bass playing a minor version of Fr\u00e8re Jacques. For ten points, name this German composer of the Symphony of a Thousand and the Titan Symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 274 ], [ 275, 379 ], [ 380, 541 ], [ 542, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "George {Washington}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work titled after this man, Mercury gives Robert Morris a bag of gold, Minerva stands beside an electric generator, and Ceres sits on a McCormick reaper.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515f70", "qanta_id": 61682, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work titled after this man, Mercury gives Robert Morris a bag of gold, Minerva stands beside an electric generator, and Ceres sits on a McCormick reaper. In that work, this title figure sits enthroned above a depiction of Freedom wearing a red, white, and blue helmet. Constantino Brumidi painted a fresco in the Capitol about this man's (*) Apotheosis, and a painting of him was defaced when a picture of the 9/11 attacks was glued to it. In that painting of this figure, a man in green kicks aside a chunk of ice, while many boats full of horses and Revolutionary soldiers row onward in the background. For ten points, identify this man whom Emanuel Leutze painted Crossing the Delaware on his way to the Battle of Trenton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 275 ], [ 276, 446 ], [ 447, 611 ], [ 612, 732 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Sigmund Schlomo {Freud}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Like Ernst Jentsch, this man analyzed E.T.A. Hoffman's \"The Sandman\", to formulate his concept of \"The Uncanny,\" and argues in another work that the title character must have been a follower of Akhenaten.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sigmund_Freud", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515f76", "qanta_id": 61688, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Like Ernst Jentsch, this man analyzed E.T.A. Hoffman's \"The Sandman\", to formulate his concept of \"The Uncanny,\" and argues in another work that the title character must have been a follower of Akhenaten. In addition to Moses and Monotheism, he described the \"oceanic\" feeling in a work that analyzes the tensions between individuals and their environment; that work is (*) Civilization and Its Discontents. This man described the \"death drive\" and the struggle between Eros and Thanatos in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, while his most famous work separates the id, ego, and superego. For ten points, name this Austrian psychologist that founded psychoanalysis and authored The Interpretation of Dreams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 407 ], [ 408, 585 ], [ 586, 704 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "War of the {Spanish Succession}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Louis Boufflers and Claude de Villars lost the Battle of Malplaquet during ths war, and the Treaties of Baden and Rastatt partially ended this war.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515f81", "qanta_id": 61699, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Louis Boufflers and Claude de Villars lost the Battle of Malplaquet during ths war, and the Treaties of Baden and Rastatt partially ended this war. The signing of the Asiento was one result of this war, which later precipitated the War of the Quadruple Alliance. Queen Anne's War was an extension of this war, and during this war, the Battle of Ramillies was won by the Duke of (*) Marlborough, who also won at the Battle of Blenheim. This war began after the Bourbon Philip V inherited the throne of a certain country from Charles II. For ten points, name this early eighteenth century war which was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht and was fought over the throne of a certain Iberian country.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 262 ], [ 263, 434 ], [ 435, 535 ], [ 536, 692 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Jean-Louis Andr\u00e9 Th\u00e9odore {G\u00e9ricault}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted a group of four galloping horses with impossibly outstretched legs on a grassy field in a painting dedicated to Adam Elmore.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Th\u00e9odore_G\u00e9ricault", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515f87", "qanta_id": 61705, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist depicted a group of four galloping horses with impossibly outstretched legs on a grassy field in a painting dedicated to Adam Elmore. Another of his paintings shows a Napoleonic soldier with widened eyes holding a curved sword while seated on a white horse. In addition to painting Derby at Epsom and The (*) Charging Chasseur, this artist is most famous for a work depicting a man pointing below him in while surrounded by dead bodies scattered around the survivors of a shipwreck off the coast of Mauritania. For ten points, name this French painter of The Raft of the Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 269 ], [ 270, 522 ], [ 523, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Hungary}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One king of this country won at the Battle of Breadfield with his Black Army, and this country lost most of its territory in the Treaty of Trianon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515f9e", "qanta_id": 61728, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One king of this country won at the Battle of Breadfield with his Black Army, and this country lost most of its territory in the Treaty of Trianon. This country was defeated by Otto the Great at the Battle of Lechfeld, and it also saw a 1848 revolution led by Lajos (*) Kossuth. Rulers of this country included Matthias Corvinus and John Hunyadi, as well as the Arpad founder of this country, Saint Stephen. This country was ruled by Janos Kadar after Soviet tanks crushed a 1956 revolution in it led by Imre Nagy (NAHJ). Before World War I, this country was part of a joint monarchy with Austria. For ten points, identify this home country of the Magyars with capital at Budapest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 278 ], [ 279, 407 ], [ 408, 521 ], [ 522, 597 ], [ 598, 681 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Ra} (or Atum-{Ra}, or Amun-{Ra}, or {Ra}-Horakhty before mentioned, accept {Re} in place of \u201cRa\u201d at all times, prompt on Atum, Amun, or Horakhty)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this god's possessions changes from a Madjet to a Semektet daily, and this ancestor of all nine members of the Ennead was sometimes symbolized by the Bennu phoenix.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ra", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515fa7", "qanta_id": 61737, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this god's possessions changes from a Madjet to a Semektet daily, and this ancestor of all nine members of the Ennead was sometimes symbolized by the Bennu phoenix. This figure mixed some red beer and used it to pacify a bloodthirsty Sekhmet. This god was cured of a snakebite by Isis after he gave her the (*) secret name hidden in his body. Akhenaten replaced this deity's syncretization with the worship of Aten, and one of his epithets, Horakhty, means \"Horus of the Horizons\". This god rides a solar barque each night and had a center of worship at Heliopolis. For ten points, name this falcon-headed Egyptian god of the Sun.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 249 ], [ 250, 349 ], [ 350, 488 ], [ 489, 572 ], [ 573, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Anne {Bradstreet}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote about a contest between \"fire, air, earth and water\" to see \"which was the strongest, noblest and the best\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anne_Bradstreet", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515faf", "qanta_id": 61745, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote about a contest between \"fire, air, earth and water\" to see \"which was the strongest, noblest and the best\". Another of this author's works ends by telling the reader, \"The World no longer let me love/ the world and treasure lies above\" and the title event occurs \"In a silent night when rest I took\". In addition to \"The Four Elements\" and (*) \"Verses Upon the Burning of our House\" this poet wrote \"thou ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain\" and that \"If ever two were one, then surely we\" in a larger poetry collection. For ten points, name this seventeenth-century American female poet who included her poems \"To My Dear and Loving Husband\" and \"The Author to her Book\" in her collection, The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 281 ], [ 281, 317 ], [ 318, 541 ], [ 542, 633 ], [ 633, 755 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Loki}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "According to the Poetic Edda, this figure will stand \"at the helm\" of the nail-ship Naglfar when Ragnarok begins.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Loki", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515fc1", "qanta_id": 61763, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to the Poetic Edda, this figure will stand \"at the helm\" of the nail-ship Naglfar when Ragnarok begins. After one son of this god is hooked, the giant Hymir cuts the line of a fishing pole, and that son appears in a contest that sees this god lose an eating competition to fire in the hall of a giant thought to be Skrymir. His (*) lips were sewn shut after he interrupted the dwarf Brokkr, resulting in Mjollnir's shortened handle. This god was bound with the entrails of his son and his wife Sigyn catches most of the venom that drips above him, as punishment for tricking Hodr into killing Baldr with mistletoe. He and Heimdall are fated to kill each other at Ragnarok. For ten points, name this Norse trickster god, the father of Jormangandr.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 333 ], [ 334, 442 ], [ 443, 624 ], [ 625, 682 ], [ 683, 756 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Giuseppe {Garibaldi}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure fought for the Rio Grande do Sul during the War of the Ragamuffins, and later led the Army of the Vosges and the Hunters of the Alps.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Garibaldi", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515fc2", "qanta_id": 61764, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure fought for the Rio Grande do Sul during the War of the Ragamuffins, and later led the Army of the Vosges and the Hunters of the Alps. This figure fought with Fructuoso Rivera and the Colorados against the Blancos in the Uruguayan Civil War. This (*) \"Hero of Two Worlds\" won the Battles of Milazzo and Volturno in his most famous campaign, during which he annexed the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Along with Count Cavour, this figure led the Expedition of a Thousand, which restored Victor Emmanuel II to power. For ten points, identify this figure from the Risorgimento who led the Redshirts and unified Italy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 252 ], [ 253, 257 ], [ 258, 408 ], [ 409, 523 ], [ 524, 623 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Heart of Darkness}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work sees a painting of a blindfolded woman holding a torch, which a brick-maker says was painted by this novel's antagonist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heart_of_Darkness", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515fc6", "qanta_id": 61768, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work sees a painting of a blindfolded woman holding a torch, which a brick-maker says was painted by this novel's antagonist. The protagonist finds a note left in a pile of firewood, which a wandering Russian claims he left there. That Russian as well as native tribes in the area come to worship one character, whom they believe to be a god. Later in the work, the protagonist picks up and reads a pamphlet from the antagonist, which states, (*) \"Exterminate all the brutes!\" \"The Horror! The Horror!\" are the last words of the Congo ivory collector Kurtz in, for ten points, what novel about Charles Marlow by Joseph Conrad?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 252 ], [ 253, 364 ], [ 365, 498 ], [ 499, 511 ], [ 512, 648 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Zoroastrianism} (accept {Zarathustrism} before read \u201cZarathustra\u201d; accept {Mazdaism} before read \u201cMazda\u201d; accept {Parsiism})", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "King Vishtaspa was the first guardian of this religion, and taught his followers about those who are truthful and those who are liars, or the asha and druj.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515fc8", "qanta_id": 61770, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "King Vishtaspa was the first guardian of this religion, and taught his followers about those who are truthful and those who are liars, or the asha and druj. One branch of this religion believes the first man to be created was Gayomart, while another branch worships the deity Zurvan. This religion believes the dead cross the Chinvat Bridge, and evil (*) daevas are described in this religion's Vendidad. Practitioners of this religion suspend dead bodies in \"Towers of Silence.\" Its Yasnas, which contain the Gathas, describe the Amesha Spentas, and this religion's main text, the Avesta, describes the continuous fighting between Angra Mainyu and Ahura Mazda. For ten points, name this ancient Iranian religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 283 ], [ 284, 404 ], [ 405, 479 ], [ 480, 661 ], [ 662, 748 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{William the Conqueror} (accept {William I} of England; or {William the Bastard}; prompt on \u201cWilliam\u201d)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure defeated Edgar \u00c6theling in his Harrying of the North, and he suppressed the Revolt of the Earls with his half-brother Odo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_the_Conqueror", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515fcc", "qanta_id": 61774, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure defeated Edgar \u00c6theling in his Harrying of the North, and he suppressed the Revolt of the Earls with his half-brother Odo. This son of Robert the Magnificent, husband of Matilda of Flanders, and father of Henry I was supported by Pope Alexander II. This ruler also constructed the White Tower in London and commissioned census known as the Domesday Book, although he may be more famous for fighting a battle at (*) Senlac Hill in which his opponent was fatigued from a battle at Stamford Bridge. The Bayeaux Tapestry depicts this figure's battle with Harold Godwinson. For ten points, name this Norman victor of the 1066 Battle of Hastings.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 222 ], [ 223, 260 ], [ 261, 507 ], [ 508, 580 ], [ 581, 652 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Mead}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker's tape-recorded conversation with James Baldwin was transcribed for the book A Rap on Race.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515fe7", "qanta_id": 61801, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker's tape-recorded conversation with James Baldwin was transcribed for the book A Rap on Race. This author discovered that the Arapash people of the Sepik are generally nonviolent, and concluded that females of Tchambuli are dominant in another work. The most famous work by this author of (*) Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies includes the sections \"Education for Choice\" and \"Formal Sex Relations\". That work was criticized by Derek Freeman five years after the death of this thinker, who garnered her observations from 68 women on the Polynesian island of Tau. For ten points, name this American anthropologist who wrote Coming of Age in Samoa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 260 ], [ 261, 301 ], [ 301, 426 ], [ 427, 589 ], [ 590, 673 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "\u201c{Dover Beach\u201d}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The speaker of this poem remarks that the world \"seems to lie before us like a land of dreams\" and comments \"sweet is the night air\" after commanding the reader to \"come to the window.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dover_Beach", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515fea", "qanta_id": 61804, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The speaker of this poem remarks that the world \"seems to lie before us like a land of dreams\" and comments \"sweet is the night air\" after commanding the reader to \"come to the window.\" This poem states that some occurrences seem to \"Begin, and cease, and then again begin\" while the speaker notes the \"grating roar of pebbles.\" In its fourth stanza, the speaker can only hear the \"Sea of Faith's\" (*) \"melancholy, long, withdrawing roar.\" This poem mentions how, \"Sophocles, long ago/ Heard it on the Aegean\" and begins, \"The sea is calm to-night\". For ten points, name this work that comments on a world where \"ignorant armies clash by night\" on a \"darkling plain\", a poem by Matthew Arnold.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 327 ], [ 327, 441 ], [ 441, 486 ], [ 487, 550 ], [ 551, 694 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Quetzalcoatl}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god's twin brother had the head of a dog, and this god immolated himself for sleeping with his sister while drunk, after which he became a brother of the planet Venus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905515feb", "qanta_id": 61805, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god's twin brother had the head of a dog, and this god immolated himself for sleeping with his sister while drunk, after which he became a brother of the planet Venus. He sprinkled his own blood onto some bones in the underworld of Mictlan, and in doing so created the fifth race of man. This son of Coatlicue [COAT - lee - cue] had a rivalry with a brother who had his foot bitten off by a crocodile. That brother had a name meaning (*) \"smoking mirror,\" and their rivalry caused this god to be exiled on a raft of snakes. For ten points, name this white-skinned \"feathered serpent\" and rival of Tezcatlipoca whom the Aztecs confused with a Spanish conquistador.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 292 ], [ 293, 406 ], [ 407, 529 ], [ 530, 669 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Athens}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The appearance of one of this city's kings prompted three princesses to go insane and jump off a cliff.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athens", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516000", "qanta_id": 61826, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The appearance of one of this city's kings prompted three princesses to go insane and jump off a cliff. That king was the son of Gaia and Hephaestus and was named Erichthonius. Another king of this city offered amnesty to Heracles for the murder of his wife and children and agreed to help Adrastus topple the rule of Eteocles. The first king of this city was supposedly (*) half-man and half-serpent and judged the patronship contest for this city. That king, Cecrops II, determined that the olive tree was more useful than the salt spring and therefore awarded patronship to the goddess of wisdom. For ten points, name this city that, under the rule of Theseus, was the first to institute democracy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 176 ], [ 177, 327 ], [ 328, 449 ], [ 450, 599 ], [ 600, 701 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "John Stuart {Mill}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this man claims that a stationary state is preferable to perpetual economic growth because the latter destroys the environment and leads to a lower quality of life, while he argues that individual liberty leads to moral development in another of his works which advocates for equality of the sexes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Stuart_Mill", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516002", "qanta_id": 61828, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man claims that a stationary state is preferable to perpetual economic growth because the latter destroys the environment and leads to a lower quality of life, while he argues that individual liberty leads to moral development in another of his works which advocates for equality of the sexes. Though not Malthus, this author of Principles of Political Economy and The (*) Subjection of Women supported free speech in a work which also proposes that individual are free to act as long as others are not hurt according to his \"harm principle.\" This author of On Liberty advocated for the \"rule\" form of a consequentialist idea pioneered by Jeremy Bentham which strives to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number. For ten points, name this proponent of utilitarianism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 310 ], [ 311, 558 ], [ 558, 559 ], [ 560, 738 ], [ 739, 793 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ernest {Hemingway}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One short story by this man sees the title character killed on a safari by his wife Margot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ernest_Hemingway", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516015", "qanta_id": 61847, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One short story by this man sees the title character killed on a safari by his wife Margot. One novel by this man features the prostitute Georgette Leblanc, and in that novel, the protagonist meets the boxing champion Robert Cohn. That novel by this author of \"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber\" sees Lady Brett Ashely unable to become intimate with the impotent protagonist (*) Jake Barnes. The DiMaggio-loving protagonist dreams about lions in another work by this author, and that character had not caught a single fish for 84 days until a huge marlin comes up to his ship. For ten points, name this author of The Old Man and the Sea and The Sun Also Rises.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 230 ], [ 231, 398 ], [ 399, 583 ], [ 584, 667 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{special relativity} (prompt on partial, do not accept \u201cgeneral relativity\u201d)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The mathematical framework for this theory was laid when Henri Poincar\u00e9 proved that Lorentz transformations are a subset of his namesake group, preserving the symmetries of the flat space-time of the four-dimensional Minkowski space, not curved by any gravitational forces.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Special_relativity", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516019", "qanta_id": 61851, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The mathematical framework for this theory was laid when Henri Poincar\u00e9 proved that Lorentz transformations are a subset of his namesake group, preserving the symmetries of the flat space-time of the four-dimensional Minkowski space, not curved by any gravitational forces. It leads to the famous equation that (*) E equals m c-squared, and it expanded Galileo's earlier work by including the fact that the speed of light is the same in all reference frames. For ten points, identify this theory of Albert Einstein, developed in 1905 along with a similarly-named \"general\" type.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 273 ], [ 274, 458 ], [ 459, 578 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Naguib {Mahfouz}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about title character's lovers Margaret and Warda and his friendship with the socialist Othman in The Beggar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Naguib_Mahfouz", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551601a", "qanta_id": 61852, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about title character's lovers Margaret and Warda and his friendship with the socialist Othman in The Beggar. In another of his novels, Elwan is engaged to Randa and kills his boss after hearing about the assassination of Anwar Sadat, while in another, the cafe owner Tarzan befriends the recently released thief Said Mahran. This author of The Day The Leader Was Killed and The (*) Thief and the Dogs is most famous for a series of novels following the family of Abd al-Jawad from the Egyptian Revolution to the end of World War II: Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, and Sugar Street. For ten points, identify this Egyptian author of the Cairo Trilogy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 343 ], [ 344, 366 ], [ 367, 392 ], [ 393, 553 ], [ 553, 601 ], [ 602, 669 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The {Tempest}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This play formed the basis for W.H. Auden's The Sea and the Mirror.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tempest", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551604c", "qanta_id": 61902, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This play formed the basis for W.H. Auden's The Sea and the Mirror. One character in this work states, \"too light winning [may] make the prize light,\" and another claims, \"We are such stuff as dreams are made on.\" The opening of this play occurs after Claribel is married to the King of Tunis. The drunkards Stephano and Trinculo attempt to rebel in this work, and they ally with the son of (*) Sycorax, but their plots ultimately fail, and this play sees King Alfonso of Naples try to find his son, Ferdinand. Caliban and Ariel appear in, for ten points, what Shakespearean play about the magician Prospero?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 213 ], [ 213, 294 ], [ 295, 511 ], [ 512, 609 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ludwig {Wittgenstein }", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker examined the use of analogy using the grammatically similar sentences \"A has a gold tooth\" and \"A has a toothache.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Wittgenstein", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551604f", "qanta_id": 61905, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker examined the use of analogy using the grammatically similar sentences \"A has a gold tooth\" and \"A has a toothache.\" This thinker was inspired by the way traffic courts in Paris model car accidents with toy cars to propose his \"picture theory,\" which was included in work that begins \"The world is all that is the case.\" This author of the (*) Blue and Brown Books argued that \"What we cannot speak of we must pass over in silence\" and refuted the possibility of a private language using the example of a beetle in a box. For ten points, name this Austrian philosopher whose works include Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 127, 334 ], [ 334, 535 ], [ 536, 667 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Rabindranath {Tagore}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote that \"all I had achieved was carried off on\" \"The Golden Boat,\" which he included in his collection Sonar Tori.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rabindranath_Tagore", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516050", "qanta_id": 61906, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote that \"all I had achieved was carried off on\" \"The Golden Boat,\" which he included in his collection Sonar Tori. He wrote about Bimala's marriage to Nikhil and subsequent affair with Sandip in his novel The Home and the World. He was the first non-European Nobel Prize recipient, and he wrote Jana Gana Mana and Amar Shona Bangla, the (*) Indian and Bangladeshi national anthems. This man's most famous poetry collection was introduced to the West with an introduction by W.B. Yeats. For ten points, name this Indian poet of \"Song Offerings\" in the Gitanjali.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 242 ], [ 243, 395 ], [ 396, 499 ], [ 500, 575 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Nadine {Gordimer}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, a black worker named Jacobus tells Mehring of a dead black man on his farm.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516057", "qanta_id": 61913, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, a black worker named Jacobus tells Mehring of a dead black man on his farm. In another work, one character exclaims \"I'm not your Bassie\" after being frustrated that Lionel's daughter Rosa does not know his real name. The most famous work by this author of The (*) Conservationist sees the title character and Daniel ride a bakkie and a character kill two warthogs. In that work of hers, Maureen and Bam Smales grant freedom to the title character after a Black Revolution. For ten points, name this South African author of Burger's Daughter and July's People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 248 ], [ 249, 295 ], [ 296, 396 ], [ 397, 504 ], [ 505, 591 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Ramesses II} (accept {Ramesses the Great} or {Ozymandias} before mention; prompt on \u201cRamesses\u201d)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler celebrated 14 sed festivals during his lengthy reign, and inscriptions at Gerf Hussein commemorate his conquest of Nubia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ramesses_II", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551606c", "qanta_id": 61934, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler celebrated 14 sed festivals during his lengthy reign, and inscriptions at Gerf Hussein commemorate his conquest of Nubia. He defeated the Sherden pirates and built his capital on the remains of the city of Avaris. This husband of Nefertari and successor to Seti I signed the known first peace treaty in history. This ruler's many sons were buried at KV5, and this ruler built memorials to himself at (*) Karnak and Abu Simbel to commemorate his victory at the largest chariot battle ever fought. For ten points, name this New Kingdom Egyptian pharaoh, who was sometimes known as Ozymandias and who fought the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 224 ], [ 225, 272 ], [ 273, 322 ], [ 323, 506 ], [ 507, 653 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "James {Monroe}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Hoover administration's Clark Memorandum rehabilitated one of this President's major policy achievements.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Monroe", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551617f", "qanta_id": 62209, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Hoover administration's Clark Memorandum rehabilitated one of this President's major policy achievements. That policy had actually been authored by his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, and was later modified with a famous \"corollary\" by Theodore Roosevelt. Because of this President's major support for the colonization of Liberia, Liberia's capital is named after him. For 10 points, name this man with a namesake Doctrine, who was the fifth president of the United States.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 266 ], [ 267, 379 ], [ 380, 484 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Winston {Churchill}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During the Second Boer War, he escaped from a POW camp and distinguished himself in the British advance into Pretoria.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Winston_Churchill", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551618d", "qanta_id": 62223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During the Second Boer War, he escaped from a POW camp and distinguished himself in the British advance into Pretoria. During World War I, he was First Lord of the Admiralty and was the inspiration for the disastrous British naval attack against the Ottoman troops at Gallipoli. He published a multivolume A History of the English Speaking Peoples. Name this political figure who replaced Prime Minister Chamberlain in 1940, whose tenacity and leadership were integral to British morale throughout World War II.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 278 ], [ 279, 348 ], [ 349, 511 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "George {Orwell} (accept Eric {Blair} until mentioning)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author's experience working with the Indian Imperial Police in 1922 led to his essay \"Shooting an Elephant.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Orwell", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516190", "qanta_id": 62226, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author's experience working with the Indian Imperial Police in 1922 led to his essay \"Shooting an Elephant.\" The Last Man in Europe was the original title for one of his famous books, until the publisher intervened. In this author's work, his main character manages to have an affair with a dark- haired girl named Julia, despite love being illegal. His antagonism for the Communist faction on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War shaped his political ideology. Born as Eric Blair, for 10 points, name this author of Burmese Days, 1984, and Animal Farm.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 220 ], [ 221, 354 ], [ 355, 474 ], [ 475, 566 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Orpheus}", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He was torn apart by Maenads, his head set to drift on the river Hebris.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Orpheus", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551619d", "qanta_id": 62239, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was torn apart by Maenads, his head set to drift on the river Hebris. This man's singing drowned out the voices of the Sirens, allowing Jason and the crew of the Argo to pass safely toward Colchis. He was born in Thrace, reputedly the son of Calliope, the Muse of epic poetry. In his most famous quest, he travelled to the Underworld, and charmed Charon, Cerberus, and Hades with music from the lyre. He convinced them to release his wife, who had died from snake venom, but breaks the bargain by glancing back at her before she leaves the portals of the Underworld. Name this mythological musician who loses his wife, Eurydice (\"you-RID-a-see\"), but reunites with her again upon his death.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 200 ], [ 201, 279 ], [ 280, 403 ], [ 404, 569 ], [ 570, 693 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Constantin {Brancusi }(\u201cbran-KOO-see\u201d)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He apprenticed under Auguste Rodin, but left after two months.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055161a6", "qanta_id": 62248, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He apprenticed under Auguste Rodin, but left after two months. One of this artist's works was a controversial sculpture of a large phallus. A more well- known work, of which the artist created variations, is of two abstract figures embracing, called The Kiss. Initially not considered a piece of art by U.S. Customs, his sculpture of a thin, elongated piece of polished bronze was imposed a tariff. Name this Romanian sculptor of Princess X and Bird in Space.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 141 ], [ 141, 260 ], [ 261, 399 ], [ 400, 460 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Hera }(Juno is wrong, no prompt)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "She is the mother of Eileithyia (\"Ay-lay-thia\"), the goddess of childbirth and midwifery and of Hebe (\"hay-bay\"), goddess of youth and cupbearer to the gods Along with Hestia and Demeter (\"de-MEET-er\"), this Greek goddess is one of Zeus's three sisters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hera", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055161a7", "qanta_id": 62249, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "She is the mother of Eileithyia (\"Ay-lay-thia\"), the goddess of childbirth and midwifery and of Hebe (\"hay-bay\"), goddess of youth and cupbearer to the gods Along with Hestia and Demeter (\"de-MEET-er\"), this Greek goddess is one of Zeus's three sisters. She gave birth on her own to Typhaon (\"TIE-fon), the monster, and to Hephaestus (\"heh-fay-stus\"). For ten points, name this Greek goddess, mother of Ares, symbolized by a peacock, married to Zeus, and with Roman name Juno.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 253 ], [ 254, 351 ], [ 352, 476 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Sulfur }", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The strength and insolubility of keratin comes from cross-linking between these elements.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfur", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055161ae", "qanta_id": 62256, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The strength and insolubility of keratin comes from cross-linking between these elements. Thermophilic bacteria utilize this element by oxidation or reduction, since this element is so abundant in hot springs and volcanic regions. Biotin, thiamine, glutathione (\"gloo- ta-THIGH-own\"), methionine (\"meh- THIGH-oh-nin\"), and cysteine (\"sis-teen\")all incorporate this element in their organic structure. This element is a component of gunpowder and is used in the vulcanization of rubber. This element is called brimstone in the Bible. For ten points, name this bright yellow element with atomic number 16 and atomic weight 32, whose symbol is S.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 230 ], [ 231, 400 ], [ 401, 485 ], [ 486, 532 ], [ 533, 643 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Joseph {Haydn }(\u201cHIGH-den\u201d)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At age 67 he wrote the oratorio, The Creation, based on the text of Milton's Paradise Lost.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055161b5", "qanta_id": 62263, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At age 67 he wrote the oratorio, The Creation, based on the text of Milton's Paradise Lost. For much of his life he was the court composer for the Hungarian House of Esterh\u00e1zy. He was a friend of Mozart and a teacher of Beethoven. This German composer is called \"The Father of the String Quartet.\" Name this German composer of The Miracle Symphony and The Surprise Symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 176 ], [ 177, 230 ], [ 231, 297 ], [ 298, 374 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Aristophanes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this playwright's famous works, an elderly indebted man enrolls his son in classes to learn Rhetoric in order to outwit his creditors in court.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristophanes", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055161bf", "qanta_id": 62273, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this playwright's famous works, an elderly indebted man enrolls his son in classes to learn Rhetoric in order to outwit his creditors in court. In the work, this playwright satirizes the teachings of Socrates. In another famous work , this playwright describes how the women of various city states conspire to stop their husbands from fighting in the Peloponnesian War by withholding sex from them until they agree to negotiate. Name this master of ancient Greek comedy in the theater, with works such as \"The Clouds,\" \"Lysistrata,\" \" The Birds,\" and \"The Frogs.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 219 ], [ 220, 438 ], [ 439, 573 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Clarinet}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "There are three main registers on this instrument, and one of them is named after its predecessor, an instrument made of cane called the chalumeau (\"shal- oo-moe\").", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Clarinet", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055161c8", "qanta_id": 62282, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "There are three main registers on this instrument, and one of them is named after its predecessor, an instrument made of cane called the chalumeau (\"shal- oo-moe\"). This instrument's name literally means \"little trumpet\", a misleading name since the instrument is a woodwind rather than brass instrument. Although it is traditionally made of wood, the first metal version of this instrument was made in 1887 and modern versions of this instrument are typically painted black and have silver-colored keys as well. Name this single-reed instrument that is typically tuned in B-flat but also comes in bass, A-flat, and E-flat varieties.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 304 ], [ 305, 512 ], [ 513, 633 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Invisible Man} [do not accept {The Invisible Man} by H.G. Wells]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, the narrator drives a trustee of his college around the campus, and tells him a story about Jim Trueblood.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Invisible_Man", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055161ca", "qanta_id": 62284, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, the narrator drives a trustee of his college around the campus, and tells him a story about Jim Trueblood. The president of the narrator's college gives him seven recommendation letters, but Mr. Emerson reveals that they depict the narrator as unreliable and dishonest. A man named Clifton sells dancing \"Sambo\" dolls without a permit and is shot by white policemen, leading the narrator to hold a funeral for him without the Brotherhood's permission. The narrator meets Ras the Exhorter after being asked to join the Brotherhood by Brother Jack. For 10 points, name this novel about a black man who tries to understand his identity by Ralph Ellison.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 283 ], [ 284, 465 ], [ 466, 560 ], [ 561, 664 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Auguste {Rodin}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His first major commissioned work was modeled by a Belgian soldier, and portrays a nude male with his arms raised in the air entitled \"The Age of Bronze.\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055161dc", "qanta_id": 62302, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His first major commissioned work was modeled by a Belgian soldier, and portrays a nude male with his arms raised in the air entitled \"The Age of Bronze.\". In 1880 he was commissioned to create a portal for a museum in Paris, inspired by Dante's _The Inferno_. Many of his other works were derived from small reliefs in the gates, such as a man, envisioned as Dante himself, sitting in deep thought. For 10 points, name this French sculptor who created works such as The Gates of Hell, The Kiss, and The Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 247 ], [ 247, 250 ], [ 251, 260 ], [ 261, 399 ], [ 400, 512 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "King {Henry VIII} (prompt on Henry)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Dutch theologian Erasmus thought very highly of him although they only met a handful of times.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_VIII_of_England", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055161df", "qanta_id": 62305, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Dutch theologian Erasmus thought very highly of him although they only met a handful of times. His two sisters became the Queens of France and Scotland, although one was later remarried to the Duke of Suffolk. This man was a descendant of both York and Lancastrian monarchs, through his York mother and his Lancastrian-descended grandmother. Two of his daughters were imprisoned for a time after his death, and his sole male heir, Edward the Sixth, died young. In his later years, this man had a waist with a girth of 137 centimeters, and his figure can be seen in the portrait by Holbein (\"hole- bine\"). For ten points, name this king of England, father of Queens Mary I and Elizabeth I and famous for his six wives and their various fates.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 213 ], [ 214, 345 ], [ 346, 464 ], [ 465, 608 ], [ 609, 673 ], [ 674, 745 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "David {Hume}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's most famous works, he omitted a controversial part on miracles in order to please Bishop Butler.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055161f3", "qanta_id": 62325, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's most famous works, he omitted a controversial part on miracles in order to please Bishop Butler. Books I and II of that work were published anonymously. His posthumously published Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion questioned whether the discovery of religious truth could answer questions about the nature of God. Immanuel Kant remarked that this man woke him from his \"dogmatic slumbers\". Name this Scottish skeptic who, for 10 points, authored A Treatise of Human Nature.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 173 ], [ 174, 338 ], [ 339, 414 ], [ 415, 498 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Maurice {Ravel}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Some claim that this composer, who died after neurosurgery for an old head injury, suffered from frontotemporal dementia while composing some of his later works.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurice_Ravel", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516213", "qanta_id": 62357, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some claim that this composer, who died after neurosurgery for an old head injury, suffered from frontotemporal dementia while composing some of his later works. He is known for his orchestration of Daphnis and Chloe commissioned by Diaghilev (\"dya-gill-off\"), his orchestral arrangement of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, and his Rapsodie Espagnole. Though 12 years younger than Claude Debussy (de-boo-SEE), he and Debussy were considered the avant-garde of French music at the turn of the 20th century. Name this French Impressionist composer best known for his work first titled Fandango, but later called Bolero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 358 ], [ 359, 512 ], [ 513, 624 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{I and the Village}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this painting, the background features an upside down woman playing the violin, next to a man holding a scythe.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I_and_the_Village", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516217", "qanta_id": 62361, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this painting, the background features an upside down woman playing the violin, next to a man holding a scythe. In this painting, the man is looking at a goat, whose cheek contains a woman milking another goat. Behind them is a row of houses and a church. The tree that the man with the green face is holding is at the center bottom of this painting. The overlapping images evoke the stream of memories triggered by the man's image of the goat. For ten points, name this painting which depicts these memories of growing up Jewish in a rural Russian community by Marc Chagall.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 213 ], [ 214, 258 ], [ 259, 353 ], [ 354, 447 ], [ 448, 578 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "ANSWER:{Venus}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The phases he observed on this planet supported Galileo's heliocentric model of the solar system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venus", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516219", "qanta_id": 62363, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The phases he observed on this planet supported Galileo's heliocentric model of the solar system. In 1962, Mariner 2 became the first interplanetary spacecraft when it reached this destination. A prominent surface feature mapped by the Magellan spacecraft in the 1990s is a 200 mile long river of hardened lava. This planet is seen in many cultures as the morning or evening star, since it is the brightest object in the sky when present during dawn and sunset. Name this planet which shares its name with the Roman counterpart of Aphrodite.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 193 ], [ 194, 311 ], [ 312, 461 ], [ 462, 541 ] ], "tournament": "Centennial (MD) Housewrite", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The Ambassadors", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This painting was the only one signed in full by the artist, and in between the central characters lies a floor mosaic based on the patterns on Westminster Abbey.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Ambassadors", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516229", "qanta_id": 62379, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This painting was the only one signed in full by the artist, and in between the central characters lies a floor mosaic based on the patterns on Westminster Abbey. On a shelf sits a polyhedral sundial, and a lute with a broken string sits next to a Lutheran hymnal. On the floor between the titular figures is a blob of gray paint which, when tilted, is shown to be an anamorphic skull. FTP, name this Hans Holbein the Younger painting which shows the two titular figures from France at the court of Henry VIII.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 264 ], [ 265, 385 ], [ 386, 511 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "glaciers", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Fluctuations in these landmasses have been caused in part by periodic changes in heat received by the Sun. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glacier", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516230", "qanta_id": 62386, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Fluctuations in these landmasses have been caused in part by periodic changes in heat received by the Sun. During the Pleistocene Epoch, these covered 30 percent of the world\u201fs land area. They primarily erode the terrain through abrasion and plucking, and fields of drumlins and eskers are formed by these entities. Apart from the oceans, they are the largest reservoir of total water and store about three- fourths of all fresh water in the world. Ar\u00eates, horns, cirques, and moraines are also shaped by these landmasses. FTP, name these perennial masses of ice which move over land.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 108, 188 ], [ 189, 317 ], [ 318, 453 ], [ 453, 526 ], [ 527, 589 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "endoplasmic reticulum", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This organelle typically constitutes more than half of the membrane content found in the cell and is responsible for making both the COPII and mannose-6-phosphate modifications.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Endoplasmic_reticulum", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516239", "qanta_id": 62395, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This organelle typically constitutes more than half of the membrane content found in the cell and is responsible for making both the COPII and mannose-6-phosphate modifications. Its association with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope allows for improved rates of signaling, though it is better known for its role in gluconeogenesis and steroid, glycoprotein, and lipids synthesis. This organelle, composed of an interconnected network of tubules and cisternae, can detoxify poisonous substances through its smooth variety. FTP, name this organelle which contains ribosomes in its rough type.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 390 ], [ 391, 533 ], [ 534, 603 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Death of a Salesman", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Important props in this play include some rubber hose which one character found behind a fuse box, and that character's stockings, which always need mending, contrasting with the new stockings the protagonist buys for his mistress.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_of_a_Salesman", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516264", "qanta_id": 62438, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Important props in this play include some rubber hose which one character found behind a fuse box, and that character's stockings, which always need mending, contrasting with the new stockings the protagonist buys for his mistress. Several characters in this play insist on the importance of being \"well liked\", which they claim will be the failing of Charley's son Bernard. The title character regrets not going to Alaska with Uncle Ben, and after being fired by Howard attempts to rely on his sons Happy and Biff for support, in FTP, what play by Arthur Miller about the imploding American Dream of Willy Loman?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 231 ], [ 232, 374 ], [ 375, 613 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Moby-Dick", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A Sub-Sub Librarian and a Late Consumptive Usher supply an Etymology and a series of Extracts which preface this work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moby-Dick", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516274", "qanta_id": 62453, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A Sub-Sub Librarian and a Late Consumptive Usher supply an Etymology and a series of Extracts which preface this work. One character in it declares that a ship was his \"Yale College\" and his \"Harvard.\" Another character in this work discovers he can no longer enjoy a pipe and casts it overboard. While other characters in this novel include the harpooners Daggoo, Tashtego, and the cannibal, Queequeg, and the first mate, Starbuck. FTP, name this novel, which begins \"Call Me Ishmael,\" and was written by Herman Melville.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 203 ], [ 203, 297 ], [ 298, 433 ], [ 434, 524 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Tartuffe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this play, ignores his servant's reports of his wife's bad fever and headache to inquire about the health of another guest of his house, only to respond \"poor fellow\" no matter how positive the news.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tartuffe", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516277", "qanta_id": 62456, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this play, ignores his servant's reports of his wife's bad fever and headache to inquire about the health of another guest of his house, only to respond \"poor fellow\" no matter how positive the news. Later, that character forbids his daughter Marianne from marrying Val\u00e8re and disinherits his son Damis for accusations against the title character, and continues to refuse to believe the title character's treachery until he witnesses him attempt to seduce his wife, Elmire. FTP, Orgon's family is plagued by the titular religious hypocrite in what play by Moli\u00e8re?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 217, 490 ], [ 491, 581 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Eugene O\u2019Neill", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One play by this author tells the story of an escaped convict named Brutus who becomes ruler of a Carribean island, while another tells of Eben's adulterous affair with his young stepmother, Abbie Putnam. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551628b", "qanta_id": 62476, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One play by this author tells the story of an escaped convict named Brutus who becomes ruler of a Carribean island, while another tells of Eben's adulterous affair with his young stepmother, Abbie Putnam. In addition to writing The Emperor Jones and Desire Under the Elms, he also wrote a play in which Hickey disrupts the pipe dreams of the denizens of Harry Hope's Saloon, and one in which the consumptive Edmund and opium-addicted Mary are members of the declining Tyrone family. FTP, this is what American playwright of The Iceman Cometh and Long Day's Journey Into Night?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 206, 484 ], [ 485, 579 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William Faulkner", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One novel by this author that contains elements of a murder mystery, sees the African-American Lucas Beauchamp accused of murdering local white man, Vinson Gowrie.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Faulkner", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551629c", "qanta_id": 62492, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One novel by this author that contains elements of a murder mystery, sees the African-American Lucas Beauchamp accused of murdering local white man, Vinson Gowrie. Besides writing Intruder in the Dust, he also introduced Horace Benbow and Temple Drake in Sanctuary and the enigmatic Joe Christmas in Light in August. But he is most famous for a novel that chronicles the Bundren family's attempt to bury their matriarch in Jefferson and one that portrays the fall of the Compson family through the eyes of the suicidal Quentin and the mentally challenged Benjy. FTP, this is what Southern writer of As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Fury?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 316 ], [ 317, 561 ], [ 562, 641 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Gustav Mahler", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A brief movement entitled \"Purgatorio\" appears in a work by this composer completed by Deryck Cooke, his tenth symphony.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustav_Mahler", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055162a6", "qanta_id": 62501, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A brief movement entitled \"Purgatorio\" appears in a work by this composer completed by Deryck Cooke, his tenth symphony. His fifth symphony begins with a funeral march in C-sharp minor and contains a famous Adagietto movement, A finch asks the singer, \"Isn't it a fine world?\" in the song \"Ging heut Morgen \u00fcbers Feld,\" which is quoted extensively in his first symphony. That song comes from the cycle Songs of a Wayfarer, and the symphony is nicknamed the \"Titan.\" His second symphony, in C minor, uses texts by Klopstock, and his eighth symphony sets the Latin hymn \"Veni Creator Spiritus\" and is nicknamed for its large performing forces. For 10 points, identify this composer of the \"Resurrection\" Symphony and the Symphony of a Thousand.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 276 ], [ 277, 370 ], [ 371, 465 ], [ 466, 641 ], [ 642, 742 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Albrecht Durer", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his works while in the Employ of Maximilian I was entitled The Triumphal Arch.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albrecht_D\u00fcrer", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055162bb", "qanta_id": 62522, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his works while in the Employ of Maximilian I was entitled The Triumphal Arch. This man sketched a Rhinoceros which was the first seen in Europe since Roman times. This man made many journeys to Italy, painting some of the first landscapes along the way. His Young Hare was a pioneering work in watercolors, while one of his more famous works depicts a Knight marching along with two other, sinister figures, Death and the Devil. Perhaps his most famous work depicts a sad faced angel with an hourglass above his head about to write something. FTP, identify this leading figure of the Northern Renaissance, famous for woodcuts like Melancholia I.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 171 ], [ 172, 263 ], [ 264, 440 ], [ 441, 555 ], [ 556, 659 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "neutrons", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The ISIS facility, at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, is a source for muons and these particles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutron", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055162c3", "qanta_id": 62530, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The ISIS facility, at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, is a source for muons and these particles. Its antiparticle was discovered by Bruce Cork, and the R-process and S-process are different ways in which they can be captured by a nucleus. These particles, when free, undergo beta decay with a mean lifetime of about 15 minutes. Made up of one up quark and two down quarks, it was discovered by James Chadwick. FTP, identify this particle whose number differs in different isotopes of the same element, a subatomic particle with zero charge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 271 ], [ 272, 361 ], [ 362, 444 ], [ 445, 576 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Philip Roth", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One novel by this author focuses on the trial of war criminal John Demjanjuk and hunting down an imposter using the author\u201fs name, while another imagines what would have happened had Charles Lindberg become president.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philip_Roth", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055162c5", "qanta_id": 62532, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One novel by this author focuses on the trial of war criminal John Demjanjuk and hunting down an imposter using the author\u201fs name, while another imagines what would have happened had Charles Lindberg become president. Besides Operation Shylock and The Plot Against America, another novel by this author tells the story of a professor who was fired for racism, though he is secretly black passing for white, Coleman Silk. While, the title character of his most famous novel has girlfriends nicknamed The Pilgrim, The Pumpkin, and The Monkey. This is, FTP, what author of The Human Stain, American Pastoral, and Portnoy's Complaint.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 424 ], [ 425, 545 ], [ 546, 637 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Coriolis effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This inertial force, described by a 19th-century French engineer and mathematician in 1835, often aids the formation of jet streams and western boundary currents.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coriolis_force", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055162c8", "qanta_id": 62535, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This inertial force, described by a 19th-century French engineer and mathematician in 1835, often aids the formation of jet streams and western boundary currents. It is also responsible for Rossby and Kelvin waves as well as other types of waves found in the ocean and atmosphere. This effect is often naively used to suggest that toilets flush in different directions, depending on whether they are in the northern or southern hemisphere. FTP, name the effect responsible for counterclockwise movement of cyclones in the northern hemisphere and clockwise movement in the southern hemisphere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 282 ], [ 283, 443 ], [ 444, 597 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "piezoelectric effect or piezoelectricity", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The fuses in some rocket propelled grenades make use of this effect, while sensors utilizing it can be used to measure vibrations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Piezoelectricity", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055162ca", "qanta_id": 62537, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The fuses in some rocket propelled grenades make use of this effect, while sensors utilizing it can be used to measure vibrations. Like Ferromagnetism, dipoles in materials exhibiting this effect are often aligned in Weiss domains. One of the most common uses of it is in cigarette lighters where a material with this property is struck by a spring-loaded hammer. The converse of this effect, electrostriction, allows bones to slightly change their structure in the presence of an electric field. Discovered by Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1880, FTP, is this effect which is most prominently displayed in compounds like barium titanate, berlinite, Rochelle salts, and quartz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 232 ], [ 233, 364 ], [ 365, 497 ], [ 498, 676 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Immanuel {Kant}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's less famous works include the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, while his most important work attempts to determine whether a priori synthetic judgments are possible.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055162d1", "qanta_id": 62544, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's less famous works include the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, while his most important work attempts to determine whether a priori synthetic judgments are possible. In that work, this author distinguishes the noumenal and phenomenal realms, and states his intention to create the equivalent of the Copernican revolution in metaphysics. His most famous idea in ethics can be stated either as the necessity of regarding human beings as ends in themselves. For ten points, name this founder of German idealism, who developed the categorical imperative in his Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals and claimed that things in themselves could not be perceived in his Critique of Pure Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 353 ], [ 354, 472 ], [ 473, 709 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Italy", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote a play in which an inspector is constantly outwitted by The Maniac, whom he is trying to interrogate, Accidental Death of an Anarchist. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italy", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055162e7", "qanta_id": 62565, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author from this country wrote a play in which an inspector is constantly outwitted by The Maniac, whom he is trying to interrogate, Accidental Death of an Anarchist. Another author from this nation wrote a novel detailing a conversation between Marco Polo and Kublai Khan, describing the title entities, Invisible Cities. While this country's most famous playwright wrote one play in which a character is convinced that he's Emperor Henry IV, and one in which a family barges into a rehearsal of a play to demand that the Manager help them finish their story, Six Characters in Search of an Author. FTP, Dario Fo, Italo Calvino, and Luigi Pirandello all hail from what nation?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 172, 327 ], [ 328, 604 ], [ 605, 682 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Alzheimer\u2019s disease", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Many sufferers of this disease have alpha-synuclein-containing Lewy neurites in the CA2-3 region, and all have APP that has been fragmented via proteolysis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alzheimer's_disease", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055162ea", "qanta_id": 62568, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Many sufferers of this disease have alpha-synuclein-containing Lewy neurites in the CA2-3 region, and all have APP that has been fragmented via proteolysis. It can only be definitively diagnosed via treatment of tissue samples with Congo Red or Bielschowsky staining for a specific peptide derived from APP. Those that have the E4 allele of apolipoprotein E are at an increased risk for this condition, which causes the breakdown of microtubules in the brain due to tau protein aggregation. FTP, name the incurable neurodegenerative disease that affects the hippocampus and results in dementia, a condition which is characterized by the formation of beta-amyloid plaques and tangles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 307 ], [ 308, 490 ], [ 491, 684 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "People\u2019s Republic of {China}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of one novel set in this country gets investments from men like \"Yanker\" and \"Popsicle\", and once spies on women's bottoms in a bathroom.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516478", "qanta_id": 62966, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of one novel set in this country gets investments from men like \"Yanker\" and \"Popsicle\", and once spies on women's bottoms in a bathroom. This country is the setting of Brothers and Chronicle of a Blood Merchant. A Nobel-winner from this country wrote Buying a Fishing Rod for My Grandfather and told of characters like \"she\", \"you\" and \"I\" in Soul Mountain. For 10 points, name this country, the setting of Outlaws of the Marsh.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 230 ], [ 230, 377 ], [ 377, 447 ] ], "tournament": "VETO", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Igor {Stravinsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Theodor Adorno criticized this man's work as too repetitive, although Bernstein spoke highly of one of his pieces.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Igor_Stravinsky", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055164ab", "qanta_id": 63017, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Theodor Adorno criticized this man's work as too repetitive, although Bernstein spoke highly of one of his pieces. This man came to fame after Sergei Diaghilev commissioned him to compose a set of ballets, one of which was featured in Fantasia and accompanied depictions of the origin of life. However, Fantasia's version cut the Finale of the second act and repeated the bassoon solo at the end of the piece. In another of this man's ballets, Prince Ivan must free the maidens from the evil Katschai with help from the titular creature. For 10 points, name this composer of The Firebird and The Rite of Spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 293 ], [ 294, 409 ], [ 410, 537 ], [ 538, 611 ] ], "tournament": "VETO", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The {sun} (sol)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Make sure that your optical cables are all securely attached before answering these questions about neutrinos: A. Neutrinos come in three flavors: electron, muon, and tau-", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sun", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055164ad", "qanta_id": 63019, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Make sure that your optical cables are all securely attached before answering these questions about neutrinos: A. Neutrinos come in three flavors: electron, muon, and tau- but they can oscillate between flavors as they travel. Neutrino oscillation was hinted at when scientists observed fewer electron neutrinos than they expected coming from this object, whose PP and PEP reactions produce huge numbers of the particles", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 234 ], [ 235, 428 ] ], "tournament": "VETO", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Hadrian} [Accept Publius Aelius {Hadrianus} or Publius Aelius Traianus {Hadrianus} Augustus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The executions of four senators, including the former governor of Judea, marred the beginning of this man's reign.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hadrian", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055164b9", "qanta_id": 63031, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The executions of four senators, including the former governor of Judea, marred the beginning of this man's reign. This ruler's refounding of a city as Aelia Capitolina provoked a revolt led by Simon Bar Kokba. This man dismissed Suetonius from his position as Imperial Biographer. Among his building works are his villa at Tibur, and the rebuilding of the Pantheon. This Emperor's travels took him to all corners of the Roman Empire, leading to his absence from Rome for four years, and then five more years later in his reign. For ten points, name the successor to Trajan, known for his travels and buildings, including his namesake wall in Britain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 210 ], [ 211, 281 ], [ 282, 366 ], [ 367, 530 ], [ 530, 652 ] ], "tournament": "VETO", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ruth {Benedict}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one work, this social scientist writes that the central concept, \"like an individual, is a more or less consistent pattern of thought and action.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ruth_Benedict", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055164c2", "qanta_id": 63040, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this social scientist writes that the central concept, \"like an individual, is a more or less consistent pattern of thought and action.\" In that same work by this person, she elaborates upon a theory of \"personality-writ-large\" by analyzing sketches of the Zuni, Dobu and Kwakiutl native tribes. In another work, this anthropologist analyzes social structures based on internal conscience and compares it to one that emphasizes how one's conduct appears to others. For the latter, this anthropologist discusses how the giri honor code and actions like ritual suicide, or seppuku, exemplify the \"shame culture\" of Japan. For 10 points, name this American anthropologist, the author of Patterns of Culture and The Chrysanthemum and the Sword.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 310 ], [ 310, 480 ], [ 480, 636 ], [ 636, 756 ] ], "tournament": "VETO", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ren\u00e9 {Descartes}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man was the first to correctly explain how rainbows worked, while he posited a mind-body dualism in his Meditations on First Philosophy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055164d2", "qanta_id": 63056, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man was the first to correctly explain how rainbows worked, while he posited a mind-body dualism in his Meditations on First Philosophy. In another of this French philosopher's works, he introduced a coordinate system and tried to prove the existence of God. This work is the Discourse on Method. FOR TEN POINTS, name this philosopher who lends his name to the Cartesian plane and is best-known for the phrase, \"cogito ergo sum.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 263 ], [ 264, 301 ], [ 302, 434 ] ], "tournament": "VETO", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Crime and Punishment (or Prestupleniye i nakazaniye)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work's minor characters Marmeladov and Svidrigailov are afflicted by visions due to drunkenness and amoral acts, respectively.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Crime_and_Punishment", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055164e7", "qanta_id": 63077, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work's minor characters Marmeladov and Svidrigailov are afflicted by visions due to drunkenness and amoral acts, respectively. This book's central act is motivated in part by the main character's \"Napoleonic\" theory, which exempts extraordinary people from conventional ethics and which is at length refuted by Sonya Marmeladova. In this long novel, Porfiry Petrovich investigates the murder of a pawnbroker by Raskolnikov, who eventually confesses and is sent to Siberia. FTP, name this work of Fyodor Dostoyevsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 335 ], [ 336, 479 ], [ 480, 523 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Anubis", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity resurrected his uncle or father after his aunt collected all but one of the pieces of her husband's dismembered body.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anubis", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055164f1", "qanta_id": 63087, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity resurrected his uncle or father after his aunt collected all but one of the pieces of her husband's dismembered body. He then invented the process of mummification, placing the first mummy, Osiris, in charge of the underworld. FTP, name this Egyptian god who had the head of a jackal and was the son of Nephthys and either Osiris or Set.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 237 ], [ 238, 348 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Hooke\u2019s law", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The general version of this physical lemma is relation between the stress and strain with a tensor of proportionality known as Young's modulus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hooke's_law", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055164fc", "qanta_id": 63097, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The general version of this physical lemma is relation between the stress and strain with a tensor of proportionality known as Young's modulus. Harmonic oscillators obey this law to a linear approximation, so it is useful in quantum mechanics, and it does not apply above a point known as the elastic limit because it models reversible, elastic displacements. FTP, name this physical law that is usually given as simply F equals minus k delta x, or the restoring force is proportional to the distance of displacement.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 359 ], [ 360, 518 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Siva} (or {Siwa} or {Shiva})", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This being is sometimes depicted as Nataraja, the Cosmic Dancer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shiva", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516510", "qanta_id": 63117, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This being is sometimes depicted as Nataraja, the Cosmic Dancer. Sometimes joined with his mate as Ardhanarisvara, this deity is worshiped for fertility in the form of the linga. This lord of Kailasa is the father of Skanda and Ganesa with his consort, who is variously known as Uma, Sati, Parvati, Durga, Kali, or Sakti. FTP, name this god who comprises the Trimurti with Brahma and Vishnu as the redeemer- and destroyer-god of Hinduism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 64 ], [ 65, 179 ], [ 180, 324 ], [ 325, 442 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Titian (or Tiziano Vecellio or Tiziano Vecelli)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This person's late mythological paintings for Phillip II are now mostly housed in the Prado.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Titian", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516519", "qanta_id": 63126, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This person's late mythological paintings for Phillip II are now mostly housed in the Prado. A notable student of Giorgione, several of whose works he probably completed, this artist's use of color is characteristic of Venetian art, though he was not born in Venice. His Danae shows a woman reclining nude, although in different versions she is accompanied by a maid and a cupid. FTP, name this Renaissance Venetian who painted the Pesaro Madonna, The Assumption of the Virgin, Sacred and Profane Love and the Venus of Urbino.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 268 ], [ 269, 382 ], [ 383, 531 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Quetzalcoatl}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Originally associated with soil fertility, this being became a god of the morning and evening star before his followers converted him to a representation of death and destruction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551651b", "qanta_id": 63128, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Originally associated with soil fertility, this being became a god of the morning and evening star before his followers converted him to a representation of death and destruction. Driven into exile from his city of Tula by the god Tezcatlipoca, his followers expected the return of this fair- skinned, bearded deity, resulting in the people's misconception of the 1519 appearance of conquistador Hernan Cortez. FTP, name this Toltec and Aztec god, also known as the Plumed or Feathered Serpent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 413 ], [ 414, 498 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "moment of inertia (or rotational inertia; prompt on \u201cI\u201d)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity is actually a tensor, but when the axis of rotation is known, the more common scalar quantity can be formed using the dot product.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moment_of_inertia", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516525", "qanta_id": 63138, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity is actually a tensor, but when the axis of rotation is known, the more common scalar quantity can be formed using the dot product. When multiplied by the angular acceleration, it yields the net torque on an object. When ice skaters pull in their arms, they are reducing this quantity in order to increase their angular speed by the conservation of angular momentum. For an ideal particle, it is equal to the mass times the square of its distance from the axis of rotation. FTP identify this physical quantity, a measure of the difficulty in rotating an object; the rotational analogue of mass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 229 ], [ 230, 380 ], [ 381, 487 ], [ 488, 608 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Hedda Gabler", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In Act 2 of this work, a stag party chagrins of Mrs. Elvsted.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hedda_Gabler", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551653d", "qanta_id": 63162, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Act 2 of this work, a stag party chagrins of Mrs. Elvsted. Eljert loses his manuscript and gets arrested, but Jurgen Tesman, the title character's husband, snags it and gives it to his wife. Eljert tells the title character that he wants to kill himself, so she gives him a pistol. Upon learning that the gun accidentally went off, she is blackmailed by Judge Brack and kills herself too. FTP, name this play by Henrik Ibsen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 193 ], [ 194, 284 ], [ 285, 391 ], [ 392, 428 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this person's only English-language work, Tess Truelove remains faithful to the dissipated Tom Rakewell as per its libretto by W. H. Auden.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Igor_Stravinsky", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551654f", "qanta_id": 63180, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this person's only English-language work, Tess Truelove remains faithful to the dissipated Tom Rakewell as per its libretto by W. H. Auden. This artist's Septet, In Memoriam Dylan Thomas is in the twelve-tone style, though the Symphony of Psalms is overtly harmonic. His notable works include The Soldier's Tale, the aforementioned The Rake's Progress, Pulcinella, Petroushka, The Firebird, and the riot-causing The Rite of Spring. FTP, name this Russian composer known for his tonic innovations.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 271 ], [ 272, 437 ], [ 438, 502 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "the Thirty Years\u2019 War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This engagement began with the transfer of the control of Bohemia to ten governors, of whom seven were Catholic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thirty_Years'_War", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551656f", "qanta_id": 63212, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This engagement began with the transfer of the control of Bohemia to ten governors, of whom seven were Catholic. During its the Danish period, Schleswig and Holstein were conquered, then handed back to Christian IV via the Treaty of Lubeck. Tilly and Wallenstein were opposed by Gustavus Adolphus, who entered the war to protect the Protestants, but was killed at the Battle of Lutzen. All these events transpired during, FTP, what war, ended by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 242 ], [ 243, 388 ], [ 389, 482 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "David Herbert Lawrence", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This person's interest in the American Southwest and Mexico is evident in the works", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "D._H._Lawrence", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551657a", "qanta_id": 63223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This person's interest in the American Southwest and Mexico is evident in the works The Plumed Serpent and Aaron's Rod, which features the flutist Sisson. This writer chronicled the Bragwen family in The Rainbow and Women in Love, which contains his trademark devices of horse admiration and moon madness. The love triangle formed by Claire Dawes, Miriam Levers, and Paul Morel is central to this author's Sons and Lovers. FTP, name this English writer of Lady Chatterley's Lover.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 155 ], [ 156, 307 ], [ 308, 425 ], [ 426, 483 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Anna Karenina}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The author of this book incorporated many details from his own life into it, such as the fact that he made his wife read all his journals before they married.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anna_Karenina", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551659f", "qanta_id": 63260, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The author of this book incorporated many details from his own life into it, such as the fact that he made his wife read all his journals before they married. It ends with the main character's lover going off to fight the Serbs who have revolted against the Turks. The main character uses her brother to arrange a divorce from her husband, but Stepan's attempts are thwarted by the clairvoyant the husband has employed on the advice of Countess Lidia Ivanova. The lover and she continue to grow apart, so much so that she commits suicide by throwing herself on the railroad tracks. For 10 points, what is this novel by Leo Tolstoy?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 264 ], [ 265, 459 ], [ 460, 581 ], [ 582, 631 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC IX", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Ideal Gas Law}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It is most accurate for gasses with low molecular weights that are in high temperature and low pressure environments.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ideal_gas_law", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055165a0", "qanta_id": 63261, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It is most accurate for gasses with low molecular weights that are in high temperature and low pressure environments. The van der Waals equation is a corrected form that takes into account that gas particles have non-zero volumes and experience intermolecular forces. For ten points, name this law, expressed as PV = NRT.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 267 ], [ 268, 321 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC IX", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Graham {Greene}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Some of his comments about a young Shirley Temple earned his magazine a lawsuit for libel, and he claimed to have often played Russian roulette while studying at Oxford.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Graham_Greene", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055165a1", "qanta_id": 63262, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some of his comments about a young Shirley Temple earned his magazine a lawsuit for libel, and he claimed to have often played Russian roulette while studying at Oxford. His 1926 conversion to Catholicism had little effect on his behavior, which remained as dissolute as ever, but did influence such novels as The Power and the Glory and Brighton Rock. For ten points, identify this Englishman, author of The Quiet American and The End of the Affair.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 352 ], [ 353, 450 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC IX", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Eugene {O\u2019Neill}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He came into this world and left it in a hotel room. His father was a stage actor and he grew up behind the scenes at the theater.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055165a9", "qanta_id": 63269, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He came into this world and left it in a hotel room. His father was a stage actor and he grew up behind the scenes at the theater. His early plays were put on by the Provincetown Players, but he did not publish any plays until 1920's Beyond the Horizon, for which he won his first Pulitzer. For ten points, identify this prolific American playwright of such works as The Iceman Cometh and Long Day's Journey Into Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 290 ], [ 291, 419 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC IX", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Miles {Davis}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Born in the St. Louis suburb of Alton, an early teacher of his taught him his distinctive style of playing without any vibrato.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Miles_Davis", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055165ab", "qanta_id": 63271, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Born in the St. Louis suburb of Alton, an early teacher of his taught him his distinctive style of playing without any vibrato. In the mid-1940s, he set off for New York and became the newest trumpeter in Charlie Parker's band. He would later break sharply from that Bebop style on fusion records such as In A Silent Way and Sorcerer. For ten points, name this legendary jazz trumpet player behind classic records such as Kind of Blue.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 227 ], [ 228, 304 ], [ 305, 334 ], [ 335, 435 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC IX", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Toni {Morrison}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of her novels, women are given non-traditional Biblical names like Magdalene, Pilate, and First Corinthians.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Toni_Morrison", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055165b8", "qanta_id": 63284, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of her novels, women are given non-traditional Biblical names like Magdalene, Pilate, and First Corinthians. In her best-known work, Halle, the Pauls, Sixo, and Sethe make a disastrous attempt to escape Sweet Home. Sethe later becomes an outcast after she chooses to kill her children rather than see them returned to slavery. For ten points, identify this American Nobel laureate, author of Song of Solomon, The Bluest Eye, and Beloved.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 221 ], [ 222, 333 ], [ 334, 444 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC IX", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "The {Lord of the Flies}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The name of this novel is a translation of the Hebrew name \"Beelzebub.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lord_of_the_Flies", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055165bf", "qanta_id": 63291, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The name of this novel is a translation of the Hebrew name \"Beelzebub.\" Its characters include two twins who are referred to as one person, a group of so-called littluns, the evil Roger, and a more rational bespectacled fellow. The butchering of the sow and the shattering of a conch shell symbolize the boys' into anarchy that ultimately kills Piggy in, for ten points, what William Golding allegory?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 227 ], [ 228, 401 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC IX", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Washington {Irving}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He popularized the nickname \"Gotham\" for New York City, even though he died long before the creation of Batman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Washington_Irving", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055165ce", "qanta_id": 63306, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He popularized the nickname \"Gotham\" for New York City, even though he died long before the creation of Batman. More famously, he wrote a collection of short stories titled The Sketch Book of Geeffrey Crayon and a history of the state of New York under the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker. For ten points, identify this author of such stories as \"Rip Van Winkle\" and \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 290 ], [ 291, 398 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC IX", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Jackson {Pollock}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He cited Jung's theories of archetypes as a major influence over his artistic output.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jackson_Pollock", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055165df", "qanta_id": 63323, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He cited Jung's theories of archetypes as a major influence over his artistic output. The Museum of Modern Art issued an album of jazz he listened to in his studio, because that music played such a substantial role in his method of action painting, in which paint was frequently dripped and poured onto large canvasses. For ten points, name this 20th century American artist, a key player in the abstract impressionist movement whose \"No. 5, 1948\" became the world's most expensive painting last year.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 319 ], [ 320, 501 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC IX", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "John {Cage}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He moved to Europe as a young man but returned to the U.S. after being inspired by reading Whitman's \"Leaves of Grass.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Cage", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516607", "qanta_id": 63363, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He moved to Europe as a young man but returned to the U.S. after being inspired by reading Whitman's \"Leaves of Grass.\" He was a favorite student of Arnold Schoenberg and studied under him for several years. For ten points, who is this composer that one does not need years with a tutor to perform some of his pieces, such as Four Minutes, Thirty Three Seconds, which merely consists of several minutes of silence.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 207 ], [ 208, 414 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC IX", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{precession} (accept \u201cprecession of the equinoxes\u201d before *)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The occurrence of this phenomenon with respect to the earth results in the Milankovitch cycles, and a (*) relativistic form of this phenomenon results from the noncommutativity of infinitesimal Lorentz transformations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Precession", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca90551671a", "qanta_id": 63637, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The occurrence of this phenomenon with respect to the earth results in the Milankovitch cycles, and a (*) relativistic form of this phenomenon results from the noncommutativity of infinitesimal Lorentz transformations. A more common form of this phenomenon is exploited in such techniques as NMR and has a frequency given by the product of the gyromagnetic ration and the applied magnetic field. It is the term given to the tumbling of an object about an unstable Euler axis, and when applied to a top subject to a torque, it is given by the time-dependence of one of the Euler angles. Coming in Larmor, Thomas, torque-free, and torque-induced forms, for ten points, identify this periodic motion of a rigid body, which on earth is responsible for the shift in the positions of stars over a period of 26,000 years.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 218 ], [ 219, 395 ], [ 396, 585 ], [ 586, 814 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Bernoulli} equation or principle", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One relation bearing this name is the differential equation \"y-prime plus p of x times y equals q of x times y to the nth power.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bernoulli's_principle", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516753", "qanta_id": 63694, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One relation bearing this name is the differential equation \"y-prime plus p of x times y equals q of x times y to the nth power.\" Using another relation of this name, Torricelli's theorem can be derived, and this relation itself can be derived by integrating over all space and assuming that the body force is only due to gravity. Since it is only applicable to stead, incompressible, inviscid flows, all time derivatives in the Navier-Stokes equations can be set to zero, and this relation, which expresses the conservation of energy, may be obtained through integration along a streamline. For ten points, identify this theorem as a consequence of which pressure drops with increased fluid velocity, named for Swiss physicist Daniel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 128, 330 ], [ 331, 591 ], [ 592, 735 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Brazil}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The two main characters take their names from Tristan and Iseult [IHZ- OYLT] in the 1994 John Updike novel named for this country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516775", "qanta_id": 63728, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The two main characters take their names from Tristan and Iseult [IHZ- OYLT] in the 1994 John Updike novel named for this country. In a novel by an author from this country, a dead man who worked on a poultice to cure melancholy recounts his postumous memoirs. In Tess of the D'Urbervilles, Angel Clare travels to this country after rejecting Tess. Characters in two novels of another author from this country include Baldo, who leaves his life as a circus boxer and eventually becomes a strike organizer, and Nacib Saad, the owner of a bar in Ilheus [IL-YAY-OOS]. Those characters appear in the novels Jubiab\u00e1 and Gabriela, Clove, and Cinnamon. FTP, name this South American country whose authors include Jorge [ZHOR-ZHEY] Amado and Joaquim [ZHO-A-KEEM] Maria Machado de Assis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 260 ], [ 261, 348 ], [ 349, 564 ], [ 565, 645 ], [ 646, 723 ], [ 724, 754 ], [ 755, 778 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Golgi} body or complex or apparatus", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It can be stained using antibodies against thiamine pyrophosphatase or NADPase.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Golgi_apparatus", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516777", "qanta_id": 63730, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It can be stained using antibodies against thiamine pyrophosphatase or NADPase. Addition of brefeldin A results in the loss of its identity, and the disassembly of Sec-23/Sec-24 complexes catalyzed by Sar-1 allows vesicles destined for it coated by COP-II to dissolve. The completion of N-linked glycosylation and the addition of mannose-6-phosphate to lysosomal proteins both occurs here, as explained by Palade and Jamieson. Two models of transport through it are the vesicular transport model and the cisternal maturation model. A receiver of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum through its cis face, FTP identify this cellular organelle consisting of stacks of cisternae and named for an Italian biologist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 268 ], [ 269, 426 ], [ 427, 531 ], [ 532, 714 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the {Wealth of Nations}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a similarly-titled 1984 update of this work, Jane Jacobs argued for a focus on cities as the relevant units.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Wealth_of_Nations", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516780", "qanta_id": 63739, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a similarly-titled 1984 update of this work, Jane Jacobs argued for a focus on cities as the relevant units. This work claims that \"A person who can acquire no property, can have no other interest but to eat as much, and to labour as little as possible,\" as an argument for abandoning slavery. Its author began writing it while serving as tutor to the son-in-law of Charles Townshend, who was impressed by a previous work emphasizing the human capacity for sympathy with other people's circumstances, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Noted for arguing that self-interested individuals tend to act towards the general good of the market as though \"led by an invisible hand,\" FTP name this treatise written by Adam Smith.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 296 ], [ 297, 535 ], [ 536, 721 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Baha'i} faith (prompt on early \"Kitab-i-Aqdas\")", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "According to its founder's grandson, its most important tablet, along with the Surih of the Temple, was ordered written in the shape of a pentacle, to signify the temple of man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516792", "qanta_id": 63757, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to its founder's grandson, its most important tablet, along with the Surih of the Temple, was ordered written in the shape of a pentacle, to signify the temple of man. Its holiest book -- written soon after its spiritual founder was transferred to the house of Udi Khammar -- sets its year to begin on March 21st, dividing it into 19 months of 19 days each. The book also prescribes the mandatory 19 days of fasting to those between 15 and 70, and establishes the Nineteen Days Feasts. It exhorts the Presidents of the Republics of the American continent to champion justice; reproofs Francis Joseph; and ordains the House of Justice, now located in Haifa [HYE-fuh]. This is how the Kitab-i-Aqdas [kih-TAB ee AHK-dahs] is described by Shoghi [SHO- ghee] Effendi. For 10 points, name this religion, where Effendi was the grandson and appointed successor of its Iranian founder, Baha 'Ullah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 367 ], [ 368, 495 ], [ 496, 676 ], [ 677, 763 ], [ 764, 772 ], [ 773, 899 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Marduk}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He is first mentioned in the text in which he appears when the minister Gaga is instructed to prepare a feast for this deity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marduk", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055167a6", "qanta_id": 63777, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He is first mentioned in the text in which he appears when the minister Gaga is instructed to prepare a feast for this deity. Following his most famous exploits, this god is said to have \"founded the station of Nibir,\" and the seventh section of the text in which he appears commands his names to be remembered and addresses him as \"bestower of planting\" and \"founder of sowing.\" Called forth by Ansar, this god's most famous shrines were in Esagila and Etemenanki, and following his most important victory, he takes the Tablets of Destiny from Kingu. Also known as \"lord\" or \"Bel,\" for ten points, identify this Babylonian deity whose victory over Tiamat is related in the Enuma Elish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 379 ], [ 380, 551 ], [ 552, 686 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Colombia}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Among its islands are the islands of Providencia and San Andres, located off of the Nicaraguan coast.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Colombia", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055167a7", "qanta_id": 63778, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Among its islands are the islands of Providencia and San Andres, located off of the Nicaraguan coast. Its southernmost city is Leticia, which is its only port on its continent's largest river. Its northernmost point is the Guajira [GWA-hee-rah] Peninsula and in its northwest, part of the Darien Gap can be found. Its Cauca [COW-kah] river valley is home to important cities such as Popayan, Armenia, Cali, and Medellin. FTP, name this large South American country whose Andean capital is Bogota.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 192 ], [ 193, 313 ], [ 314, 420 ], [ 421, 496 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "The {Ambassadors}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this work, Milrose native Mr. Waymarsh is a former lawyer and the sculptor Gloriani appeared in one of the author's earlier works.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Ambassadors", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055167be", "qanta_id": 63801, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, Milrose native Mr. Waymarsh is a former lawyer and the sculptor Gloriani appeared in one of the author's earlier works. One of the titular characters is at first accompanied on his travels by Maria Gostrey, and in one scene in this novel, one of the title characters implores Little Bilham to \"\u2026not miss things out of stupidity.\" The charms of Madame de Vionnet prove insufficient to keep one of the main characters in Paris, where one of the title characters, Sarah Pocock, is sent by Mrs. Newsome to replace the other title character. Focusing on Lambert Strether's half-hearted attempts to woo Chad Newsome back to the United States, for 10 points name this Henry James novel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 342 ], [ 342, 550 ], [ 551, 693 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Heisenberg {Uncertainty} Principle", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One way of obtaining this relation is to consider the energy limitations on the adiabatic approximation in time-dependent perturbation theory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncertainty_principle", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055167ce", "qanta_id": 63817, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One way of obtaining this relation is to consider the energy limitations on the adiabatic approximation in time-dependent perturbation theory. It can be deduced as a consequence of the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality, and the lifetime of virtual particles of a given energy is limited by this relation. Operators subject to it include the x, y, and z components of the angular momentum, and the quantities which enter into this relation are typically given as the square root of the quantity average of the square minus the average squared. Typically applied to conjugate observables such as position and momentum, for ten points, identify this quantum-mechanical principle which places a limit on the simultaneous accuracy with which two quantities can be measured.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 297 ], [ 298, 535 ], [ 536, 761 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Derek {Walcott}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He lamented his native region's lack of an established history in the essay \"Culture of Mimicry\" and discussed his own poetic influences in the autobiographical Another Life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Derek_Walcott", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca9055167f2", "qanta_id": 63853, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He lamented his native region's lack of an established history in the essay \"Culture of Mimicry\" and discussed his own poetic influences in the autobiographical Another Life. The use of sections entitled \"North\" and \"South\" in The Fortunate Traveler and titles such as The Castaway emphasize his theme of alienation and feeling torn between his native culture and the colonial English one, which also is reinforced in The Arkansas Testament. The Capeman, Ti-Jean and his Brothers, and A Branch of the Blue Nile are three of the nearly thirty plays by this author, who immortalized the painter Camille Pissarro in Tiepolo's Hound and told of the fishermen Hector and Achille in his masterwork, an ambitious epic based on The Iliad and The Odyssey. FTP, identify this man from St. Lucia, the author of Omeros.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 281 ], [ 282, 441 ], [ 442, 746 ], [ 747, 807 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup II/Brown UTT/UNC AWET", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Marcel {Duchamp}", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A dedicated chess player, he published a treatise on the game in 1932, and chess-related themes appear in much of his work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Duchamp", "proto_id": "5476da96ea23cca905516a91", "qanta_id": 64524, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A dedicated chess player, he published a treatise on the game in 1932, and chess-related themes appear in much of his work. In 1926, he produced the film Anemic Camera, which showcased a series of optics-related machines he had developed, but he's better known for his sculptures blurring the line between art and functional objects such as Pharmacy, Bicycle Wheel, and In Advance of the Broken Arm. FTP, name this painter who created an uproar at the Armory show with his Nude Descending a Staircase.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 399 ], [ 400, 501 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{liver}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum lie in the surface umbilical fissure of this organ.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ad6", "qanta_id": 64593, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum lie in the surface umbilical fissure of this organ. It is enclosed in a layer of tissue known as Glisson's capsule, and all of it is covered by an additional membrane except the superior-posterior surface. The falciform ligament separates its right and left lobes, and it also has a caudate and quadrate lobe. It receives 2/3 of its blood from the portal vein and 1/3 from the hepatic artery, and much of its work is done by Kuppfer cells. FTP, identify this organ that synthesizes blood-clotting factors and secretes bile, the largest organ in the vertebrate body.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 249 ], [ 250, 353 ], [ 354, 483 ], [ 484, 609 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Mollusca or Molluscs", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Like the annelids, the first stage of larval development for this animal is the trocophore.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mollusca", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516bba", "qanta_id": 64821, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Like the annelids, the first stage of larval development for this animal is the trocophore. Its classes include Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, and Polyplacophora, which contains the chitons. Characteristics include a true coelom, bilateral symmetry, and a body consisting of the head, visceral mass, and a muscular foot. FTP, what is this phylum whose other members include octopuses, squids, clams, oysters, and snails?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 188 ], [ 189, 318 ], [ 319, 418 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Grignard Reagents", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Usually prepared by the reaction of an organic halide with magnesium in an unreactive solvent such as diethyl ether, they are commonly represented by the general formula R-Mg-X, in which R is a hydrocarbon radical and X is a halogen atom, usually chlorine, bromine or iodine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grignard_reaction", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516be3", "qanta_id": 64862, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Usually prepared by the reaction of an organic halide with magnesium in an unreactive solvent such as diethyl ether, they are commonly represented by the general formula R-Mg-X, in which R is a hydrocarbon radical and X is a halogen atom, usually chlorine, bromine or iodine. The chemical behavior of these substances resembles that of the carbanions. FTP, identify these organic derivatives of magnesium, named for a co-winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 275 ], [ 276, 351 ], [ 352, 465 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Apollo", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Otus and Ephialtes were immune from any weapons thrown at them by the gods, and were finally killed when this god caused a stag to run between them and they shot each other aiming for it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apollo", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516c3a", "qanta_id": 64949, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Otus and Ephialtes were immune from any weapons thrown at them by the gods, and were finally killed when this god caused a stag to run between them and they shot each other aiming for it. For a final five points name this god, who devised the stratagem in retaliation for the attempted rape of his sister Artemis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 313 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "All Quiet on the Western Front", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "When the second company was finally relieved, only 32 of the original 200 men were left.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516c59", "qanta_id": 64980, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When the second company was finally relieved, only 32 of the original 200 men were left. Wanting to get back at Corporal Himmelstoss for his cruelty, Albert, Leer, Kat, and Tjaden threw a sheet over his head and beat him; later Tjaden was court-martialled for insulting the corporal. Kemmerich had his leg shot off and dies, so Muller got his boots, which were later inherited by the protagonist, Paul Baumer. FTP, these are some of the events in what novel about the horrors faced by the common soldier in World War I, written by Erich Maria Remarque?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 283 ], [ 284, 409 ], [ 410, 552 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Alexander II", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Members of the \"People's Will\" movement had rented a small shop in which they sold cheese while burrowing a tunnel under the street, and had posted five people along other streets in the capital.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_II_of_Russia", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516c67", "qanta_id": 64994, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Members of the \"People's Will\" movement had rented a small shop in which they sold cheese while burrowing a tunnel under the street, and had posted five people along other streets in the capital. After this man was persuaded by his mistress to take a different route along the Catherine Canal Embankment, Nicholas Rysakov hurled a primitive bomb that wrecked the wheels of the ruler's carriage. Overcome by curiosity, he dismounted and was mortally wounded by another bomb. FTP, this describes the 1881 assassination of which tsar known as the \"Liberator\" for his emancipation of serfs twenty years earlier?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 394 ], [ 395, 473 ], [ 474, 607 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "I.M. Pei", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This architect utilized a facade sloping thirty-four degrees in his design of Dallas City Hall.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I._M._Pei", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516c8a", "qanta_id": 65029, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This architect utilized a facade sloping thirty-four degrees in his design of Dallas City Hall. His work in Asia included a hotel at Fragrant Hills and the Bank of China Tower. While his design for the John F. Kennedy Library earned him acclaim, falling glass panels led to his firm being sued after his design of the John Hancock Tower in Boston could not endure strong winds. He won his most famous commission for a project proposed by Francois Mitterrand. For 10 points, identify this Pritzker Prize winning architect known for designing the glass pyramid at the Louvre and Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 176 ], [ 177, 377 ], [ 378, 458 ], [ 459, 616 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Kidneys", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This organ affected by Liddle's syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome can develop Wilm's tumors.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kidney", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516c8b", "qanta_id": 65030, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This organ affected by Liddle's syndrome and Denys-Drash syndrome can develop Wilm's tumors. People with Alport syndrome lose function of this organ that is home to Malpighian pyramid cells, the efferent artery, the afferent vein, and the distal convoluted tubule. Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus in this organ that sees fluids flow through the loop of Henle. The ureters leave this organ, and the filtering of blood by nephrons in it can be assisted by dialysis. For 10 points, identify these paired organs that clean out the blood.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 264 ], [ 265, 369 ], [ 370, 473 ], [ 474, 543 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Aaron Copland", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer quoted music from \"Springfield Mountain\" and \"Camptown Races\" to accompany speech narratives in his Lincoln Portrait.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aaron_Copland", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516c98", "qanta_id": 65042, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer quoted music from \"Springfield Mountain\" and \"Camptown Races\" to accompany speech narratives in his Lincoln Portrait. He included the Mexican folk songs \"La Jesusita\" and \"El Palo Verde\" in his El Salon Mexico and wrote a piece for the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra entitled Fanfare for the Common Man. Ballets by this composer included Rodeo, Billy the Kid and his best known piece, which was commissioned by choreographer Martha Graham. For 10 points, identify this American composer who included variations of the Shaker hymn \"Simple Gifts\" in his Appalachian Spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 318 ], [ 318, 454 ], [ 455, 586 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Holden Caulfield [accept either underlined part]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one scene, this character recalls visiting the Museum of Natural History as a child, and compares his life with Eskimo statues that have remained unchanged for years.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Holden_Caulfield", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516c99", "qanta_id": 65043, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one scene, this character recalls visiting the Museum of Natural History as a child, and compares his life with Eskimo statues that have remained unchanged for years. This character later spends an evening with three tourists from Seattle after checking into the Egmont Hotel. Other experiences of this character include finding his high school teacher Mr. Antolini patting his head while he sleeps and being punched by a pimp named Maurice. For 10 points, identify this former neighbor of Ackley and roommate of Stradlater at Pencey Prep, the protagonist of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 279 ], [ 280, 444 ], [ 445, 569 ], [ 569, 603 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "John Maynard Keynes", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While serving with a delegation at the Versailles conference, this man was opposed by the \"Heavenly Twin\", so called because they demanded \"astronomically\" high reparations from Germany, an action that this man repudiated as a sound policy in his work The Economic Consequences of the Peace.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ca6", "qanta_id": 65056, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While serving with a delegation at the Versailles conference, this man was opposed by the \"Heavenly Twin\", so called because they demanded \"astronomically\" high reparations from Germany, an action that this man repudiated as a sound policy in his work The Economic Consequences of the Peace. The concept of price stickiness was first introduced by this man, who also introduced the money multiplier and lends his name to a \"cross\" depicting equilibrium GDP. This man's most influential work argues in favor of government intervention in the economy, including deficit spending. For 10 points, name this British economist, the author of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 291 ], [ 292, 457 ], [ 458, 577 ], [ 578, 689 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Jorge Luis Borges", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote of a language which lacks nouns, with sentences such as \"The moon rose above the water\" being translated as \"Upward behind the onstreaming it mooned,\" in Tl\u00f6n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jorge_Luis_Borges", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516cb8", "qanta_id": 65074, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote of a language which lacks nouns, with sentences such as \"The moon rose above the water\" being translated as \"Upward behind the onstreaming it mooned,\" in Tl\u00f6n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius. In another story, he wrote of a wizard who creates a young man with his dreams. This author of The Circular Ruins wrote of an almost infinite series of hexagonal rooms containing books of all possible information. For 10 points, name this author who wrote of a point that contains the universe in El Aleph, in addition to including stories such as The Garden of Forking Paths and The Library of Babel in his collection Ficciones.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 280 ], [ 281, 414 ], [ 415, 630 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Henri-Emile-Benoit {Matisse}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Later in this man's life, he simplified his already simple style by switching from painting to cut paper collages, such as The Snail.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henri_Matisse", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516cc0", "qanta_id": 65082, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Later in this man's life, he simplified his already simple style by switching from painting to cut paper collages, such as The Snail. In one work by this man, two wine decanters and several pieces of fruit sit on a table, while the walls and tablecloths are covered by blue flowers and vines. This painter of The Piano Lesson painted his wife with the title feature on her nose in The Green Line. This artist painted two works of the same name that depict five nude people holding hands in a circle. The Blue Nude, The Joy of Life, and The Dance are by, for 10 points, what founder of Fauvism?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 292 ], [ 293, 396 ], [ 397, 499 ], [ 500, 593 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Leonhard Euler", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In graph theory, this man names a closed path which traces each edge precisely once.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516cc2", "qanta_id": 65084, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In graph theory, this man names a closed path which traces each edge precisely once. He lends his name to a set of polynomials related by Bernoulli numbers. A topographical formula named for this man states that faces minus edges plus vertices equals his namesake characteristic, two for any polyhedron. This mathematician proved that the Seven Bridge of Konigsberg problem had no solution. For 10 points, name this Swiss mathematician who lends his name to the base of the natural logarithm, e.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 156 ], [ 157, 303 ], [ 304, 390 ], [ 391, 495 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "James Fenimore Cooper", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, Harvey Birch is accused of working for the British despite actually working for the Americans.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Fenimore_Cooper", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516cdb", "qanta_id": 65109, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's novels, Harvey Birch is accused of working for the British despite actually working for the Americans. That novel, The Spy, helped launch this man's career. In another novel by this man, the evil Magua kills Cora Munro and her rescuer, who is the title character. That novel is part of a series of five books that features a man sometimes known as the Deerslayer and his Indian partner. In that series by this man, the Indian named Uncas is Cora's attempted rescuer, who is the son of Hawkeye's Indian partner Chingachgook. For 10 points, name this author of the Leatherstocking Tales, which contains The Last of the Mohicans.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 180 ], [ 181, 287 ], [ 288, 410 ], [ 411, 547 ], [ 548, 650 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{special relativity} [also accept {special theory of relativity;} prompt on \u201crelativity\u201d; do not accept or prompt on \u201cgeneral relativity\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This theory was used to explain a rotation known as Thomas precession.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Special_relativity", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516cdc", "qanta_id": 65110, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This theory was used to explain a rotation known as Thomas precession. This theory exists within Minkowski space, and it gives rise to a phenomenon known as Lorentz contraction. First explained in the third of the Annus Mirabilis papers, this theory gave rise to the twin paradox, which occurs due to time dilation. Another consequence of this theory is the mass-energy equivalence, which is expressed as E=mc2 (\"E\" equals \"M\" \"C\" squared). The speed of light is the same in all reference frames according to, for 10 points, what theory explained by Albert Einstein ten years before its \"general\" counterpart?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 177 ], [ 178, 315 ], [ 316, 440 ], [ 441, 609 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gabriel Jose de la Concordia Garcia Marquez [prompt on partial answer]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, Angela Vicario and her family leave town after Angela's twin brothers murder Santiago Nasar for allegedly taking her virginity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gabriel_Garc\u00eda_M\u00e1rquez", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516cdf", "qanta_id": 65113, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, Angela Vicario and her family leave town after Angela's twin brothers murder Santiago Nasar for allegedly taking her virginity. In a novel by this author, the death of Dr. Juvenal Urbino rekindles the fifty year love between his widow, Fermina Daza, and her childhood lover, Florentino Ariza. This author's best known novel is set in the city of Macondo and follows multiple generations of the Buendia family. For 10 points, name this Nobel Prize winning Colombian author of Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Love in the Time of Cholera, and One Hundred Years of Solitude.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 320 ], [ 321, 439 ], [ 439, 598 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "David", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A harp decorated with an eagle's head lies at the bottom of a sculpture of this figure commissioned by Scipione Borghese.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ce2", "qanta_id": 65116, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A harp decorated with an eagle's head lies at the bottom of a sculpture of this figure commissioned by Scipione Borghese. In 1991, a hammer was used to deface another sculpture of this figure that originally adorned the Palazzo Vecchio. This figure is the subject of the first free-standing bronze sculpture since antiquity, in which he wears only boots and a hat while standing atop a severed head. A seventeen foot high marble statue of this man includes a sling draped over his left shoulder. For 10 points, Verrocchio, Donatello, and Michelangelo created sculptures of what Biblical king who slayed Goliath?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 236 ], [ 237, 399 ], [ 400, 495 ], [ 496, 611 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "gold", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Wohlwill process is used to refine the purest form of this element, which is used in small concentrations to produce the color of ruby red glass.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gold", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ce5", "qanta_id": 65119, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Wohlwill process is used to refine the purest form of this element, which is used in small concentrations to produce the color of ruby red glass. This metal combines with silver to form the alloy electrum, and along with platinum, it can be dissolved by aqua regia. This most malleable metal is sometimes confused with the mineral pyrite. Ernest Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus after firing alpha particles at a thin sheet of this metal. For 10 points, name this precious metal with atomic number 79 and symbol Au (\"A\" \u2013 \"U\").", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 269 ], [ 270, 342 ], [ 343, 450 ], [ 451, 539 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Iceman Cometh", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work reminisces about an argument he had over the differences between an anarchist and a socialist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Iceman_Cometh", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516cee", "qanta_id": 65128, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work reminisces about an argument he had over the differences between an anarchist and a socialist. Other characters in this work are \"the old foolosopher,\" Cecil Lewis, and Piet Wetjoen, former enemies in the Boer War. The main character of this work kills his wife Evelyn, and he tries to get the group to fulfill their \"pipe dreams,\" while getting drunk at Harry Hope's saloon. For 10 points, name this Eugene O'Neill work that centers on the group of characters waiting on the arrival of Theodore Hickman, nicknamed \"Hickey.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 241 ], [ 242, 403 ], [ 404, 552 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Thor", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god turned his daughter's suitor, Alvis, to stone. He once had a whetstone lodged in his forehead after a battle with the Mist Calf and the giant Hrungnir.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516cf3", "qanta_id": 65133, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god turned his daughter's suitor, Alvis, to stone. He once had a whetstone lodged in his forehead after a battle with the Mist Calf and the giant Hrungnir. Tanngnjostr and Tanngrisnir are the two goats that pull this god's chariot. On one occasion, he disguised himself as Freya in order to take back his prized possession. At Ragnarok, he will kill and be killed by Jormungandr, the Midgard Serpent. For 10 points, name this husband of Sif, who wields his hammer Mjollnir, as the Norse god of Thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 236 ], [ 237, 328 ], [ 329, 405 ], [ 406, 507 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Langston Hughes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote about his travels through Asia, as well as his observations of Haiti and the Soviet Republic in his autobiography, I Wonder as I Wander.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516cfc", "qanta_id": 65142, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote about his travels through Asia, as well as his observations of Haiti and the Soviet Republic in his autobiography, I Wonder as I Wander. He also stated that, \"They send me in the kitchen when company comes\" in his poem, \"I, Too, Sing America.\" Lorraine Hansberry took the title for her play, A Raisin in the Sun, from this man's poem, \"Harlem,\" in which he asks, \"What happens to a dream deferred?\" For 10 points, name this African American author of the Harlem Renaissance that wrote \"for me, life ain't been no crystal stair,\" in \"Mother to Son\" in addition to \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 260 ], [ 261, 415 ], [ 416, 610 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Bernoulli\u2019s Principle [also accept Bernoulli\u2019s Law or Bernoulli\u2019s Equation]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Pitot tubes use this law to find velocity, and a special type of this principle is the Venturi effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bernoulli's_principle", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516cfe", "qanta_id": 65144, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Pitot tubes use this law to find velocity, and a special type of this principle is the Venturi effect. This statement is the general case of Torricelli's law and can be found by integrating Euler's equation. Along with Newton's laws of motion, this law helps to explain why airplanes lift, and a special case of it helps to figure out why boats travel at a faster speed than the winds propelling them. For 10 points, name this equation, important to hydrodynamics, which is named after a Swiss mathematician.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 207 ], [ 208, 401 ], [ 402, 508 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Aristotle", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker introduced his concept of \"the doctrine of the mean\" as a balance between excess and deficiency, the ideal expression of virtue.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristotle", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d0d", "qanta_id": 65159, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker introduced his concept of \"the doctrine of the mean\" as a balance between excess and deficiency, the ideal expression of virtue. In addition to that work named after his son, he described his impetus theory of motion in his Physics. In Politics, he claimed that the title entity is dynamic and comes before family and the individual. He stated that the objective of tragedy is to invoke catharsis in Poetics. For 10 points, name this Greek Peripatetic philosopher who wrote The Nicomachean Ethics and was taught by Plato.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 245 ], [ 246, 346 ], [ 347, 421 ], [ 422, 534 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Alexander the Great [or Alexander III of Macedon; prompt on \u201cAlexander\u201d]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man destroyed the Sacred Band of Thebes while leading the cavalry wing of his father's army at Chaeronea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d0f", "qanta_id": 65161, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man destroyed the Sacred Band of Thebes while leading the cavalry wing of his father's army at Chaeronea. One of his castles was known as the Castle of the White Demon, and in one siege, he built a mile-long causeway to transport siege engines. In one battle, he surprised King Pyros at the Hydaspes River with his horse Bucephalus. After his death, Diadochi ruled his empire, which was split among his many generals. He defeated the King Darius at the Battles of Gaugemela and Issus. For 10 points, name this son of Philip of Macedon who founded a Hellenistic Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 249 ], [ 250, 337 ], [ 338, 422 ], [ 423, 489 ], [ 490, 573 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "dogs or hounds [accept equivalents]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A two-headed type of these animals guarded the cattle of Geryon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d1a", "qanta_id": 65172, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A two-headed type of these animals guarded the cattle of Geryon. Europa was gifted one of these creatures named Laelaps, who always caught what he was hunting. In the V\u00f6lusp\u00e1, the howling of another of these creatures signals the coming of Ragnar\u00f6k; that one is named Garm and serves a similar role to another one that was captured without the use of weapons by Heracles. Odysseus owned one of these animals named Argos, who died upon his return to Ithaca. For 10 points, name these animals exemplified by the three- headed one that guards the Underworld.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 64 ], [ 65, 160 ], [ 161, 374 ], [ 375, 460 ], [ 461, 560 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Rudyard Kipling", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a story in which the title character, \"the oldest Old Thing in England,\" meets the children Dan and Una.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rudyard_Kipling", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d25", "qanta_id": 65183, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a story in which the title character, \"the oldest Old Thing in England,\" meets the children Dan and Una. That book titled Puck of Pook's Hill was preceded by a short story in which Daniel Dravot and Peachy Carnihan take over the throne of Kafiristan. This author famously explained \"How the Camel got his Hump\" and \"How the Leopard Got His Spots\" in his Just So Stories, and he was called \"The Prophet of British Imperialism\" by George Orwell after writing such poems as the \"The White Man's Burden\" and \"If.\" For 10 points, name this author who wrote about the adventures of Mowgli in The Jungle Book.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 268 ], [ 269, 377 ], [ 378, 528 ], [ 529, 621 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Otto Von Bismarck", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man gained northern territory by pushing through the Gastein Convention, after which he waged war against Austria in the Seven Weeks War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_von_Bismarck", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d2e", "qanta_id": 65192, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man gained northern territory by pushing through the Gastein Convention, after which he waged war against Austria in the Seven Weeks War. He bribed journalists with the Reptiles Fund, and he included the May Laws in his anti-Catholic Kulturkampf. This man edited the Ems Dispatch, a telegram from France, which precipitated the Franco-Prussian war. This orator of the \"blood and iron\" speech was a practitioner of realpolitik and united Germany under Wilhelm I. For 10 points, name this \"Iron Chancellor\" of Prussia and Germany.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 251 ], [ 252, 353 ], [ 354, 466 ], [ 467, 533 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Madame Bovary", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Near the end of this novel, a foul black substance pours from one character's mouth like vomit, and the protagonist's daughter starts working in a cotton factory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d2f", "qanta_id": 65193, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Near the end of this novel, a foul black substance pours from one character's mouth like vomit, and the protagonist's daughter starts working in a cotton factory. One character is introduced as a boy on his first day of school and is mocked for his outfit and the pronunciation of his name. That man, previously married to Heloise Dubuc, fails in surgery and forces Hippolyte's leg to be amputated. The title character has an affair with Rodolphe Boulanger and then later has an affair with Leon Dupuis. That character ultimately wishes to escape the world and takes arsenic to end her life. For 10 points, name this novel about the title character Emma, written by Gustave Flaubert.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 290 ], [ 291, 398 ], [ 399, 503 ], [ 504, 591 ], [ 592, 683 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Stomach", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A disease affecting this organ causes an overproduction of mucus and an overall enlargement of the organ as a whole and is known as M\u00e9n\u00e9trier disease.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stomach", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d48", "qanta_id": 65218, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A disease affecting this organ causes an overproduction of mucus and an overall enlargement of the organ as a whole and is known as M\u00e9n\u00e9trier disease. Necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12, a glycoprotein, intrinsic factor, is produced by this organ's parietal cells. Rennin or chymosin is an enzyme obtained from this organ in newborn ruminant animals and is used in cheesemaking. When food exits this organ and enters the small intestine, it is called chyme. Aided in its primary function by hydrochloric acid, for 10 points, name this organ of the digestive system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 273 ], [ 274, 387 ], [ 388, 466 ], [ 467, 574 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Anton Pavlovich Chekhov", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story by this author, the paranoid Garamov is housed in a mental institution run by Dr. Ragin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton_Chekhov", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d4c", "qanta_id": 65222, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story by this author, the paranoid Garamov is housed in a mental institution run by Dr. Ragin. In another story, this author wrote of Dmitry Gurov and Anna von Diederitz's love affair. This author of \"Ward Number Six\" and \"The Lady with the Dog,\" wrote about Andrey Prozorov's attempts to marry off Masha, Olga, and Irina in one work and about Konstantin Treplev committing suicide after killing the title character in another. Lopakhin purchases the Ranevskaya's estate in a work by, for 10 points, what author of The Three Sisters, The Seagull, and The Cherry Orchard?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 191 ], [ 192, 435 ], [ 436, 578 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Earth\u2019s Moon", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In Incan mythology, Mama Quilla [MAh-mah kwih-LAY] was the goddess of this object.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moon", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d5d", "qanta_id": 65239, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Incan mythology, Mama Quilla [MAh-mah kwih-LAY] was the goddess of this object. In Japanese myth, the god of this object was Tsukuyomi [tsoo-KEE-YO- me], the brother of Amaterasu. Mani, its personification in Norse myth, will be consumed by wolves at Ragnarok. In Greek myth, the goddess of this object bore fifty daughters after falling in love with the handsome shepherd Endymion. For 10 points, name this domain of the Greek goddess Selene, whose Roman counterpart was Luna.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 182 ], [ 183, 263 ], [ 264, 385 ], [ 386, 480 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Ambrose Bierce", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story by this author, an army officer wipes out two enemy divisions by accidentally starting a stampede of twenty-three hundred mules.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ambrose_Bierce", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d64", "qanta_id": 65246, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story by this author, an army officer wipes out two enemy divisions by accidentally starting a stampede of twenty-three hundred mules. In another story, a maker of medicinal ointments discovers the quality of his product improves when his son changes the main ingredient from stray dogs to unwanted children. In addition to \"Jupiter Doke, Brigadier-General\" and \"Oil of Dog,\" this writer described \u2018peace' as \"a period of cheating between two periods of fighting\" in a compilation titled The Devil's Dictionary. For 10 points, name this author who wrote of Peyton Farquhar mistakenly thinking he escaped his own execution in \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 315 ], [ 316, 519 ], [ 520, 669 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Frank Gehry", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man recently designed a seventy-six story residential skyscraper with an ornate exterior in Manhattan on 8 Spruce Street.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Gehry", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d6b", "qanta_id": 65253, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man recently designed a seventy-six story residential skyscraper with an ornate exterior in Manhattan on 8 Spruce Street. This architect designed a building named after a pair of dancers in Prague to represent the Czech Republic's transition from communism. This man designed a Paul Allen-founded museum with a notable \"Sky Church,\" which he modeled on an electric guitar called the Experience Music Project Museum. This architect has repeatedly used a shiny, metal exterior in works such as the Stata Center at MIT and the Walt Disney Musical Hall. For 10 points, name this Canadian architect who designed the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 263 ], [ 264, 421 ], [ 422, 557 ], [ 557, 646 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Theseus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Menestheus became king of Athens after slandering this figure, while for a time this figure was trapped in the underworld along with his friend Pirithous.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theseus", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d74", "qanta_id": 65262, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Menestheus became king of Athens after slandering this figure, while for a time this figure was trapped in the underworld along with his friend Pirithous. This figure had originally traveled to the underworld to capture Persephone for his friend after they had kidnapped Helen, and on another famous journey, he defeated Cercyon in wrestling, stretched Sinis between his two trees, and placed Procrustes in his own torturous bed. This is, for 10 points, what hero who slew the Minotaur and caused his father's death by raising a black sail?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 429 ], [ 430, 541 ] ], "tournament": "FKT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Wystan Hugh Auden", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet's reputation was made with \"Paid on Both Sides\", while 1936's \"Night Mail\" is a classic of film commentary.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "W._H._Auden", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d82", "qanta_id": 65276, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet's reputation was made with \"Paid on Both Sides\", while 1936's \"Night Mail\" is a classic of film commentary. Later collections include City Without Walls and Homage to Clio, while the 1939 collection Another Time contains the famous poems \"Musee des Beaux Arts\" and \"September 1, 1939\", which were written after a decade of poems championing socialism. FTP, who was this English author who collaborated with Christopher Isherwood on the play The Ascent of F6, best-known for the poem The Age of Anxiety?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 361 ], [ 362, 512 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "The Iceman Cometh", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At the end of this play Don Parritt confesses to the anarchist Larry Slade that he had turned his own mother over the the police due to her affair with Larry before killing himself by jumping from the fire escape.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Iceman_Cometh", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d97", "qanta_id": 65297, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the end of this play Don Parritt confesses to the anarchist Larry Slade that he had turned his own mother over the the police due to her affair with Larry before killing himself by jumping from the fire escape. The protagonist is arrested after revealing he shot his wife Evelyn in her sleep to escape the guilt of his drinking and womanizing, but not before convincing bar patrons like Piet Wotjoen, Hugo Kalmar, and Jimmy Tomorrow to pursue the impossible pipe-dreams that are causing guilt in their lives. Set in Harry Hope's saloon, FTP, what is this drama centering on Theodore Hickman by Eugene O'Neill?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 214, 511 ], [ 512, 612 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Franz Boas", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Starting in 1883 this man studied the Eskimos of Baffin Island, and while at Clark University studied the Indians of British Columbia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Boas", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516d98", "qanta_id": 65298, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Starting in 1883 this man studied the Eskimos of Baffin Island, and while at Clark University studied the Indians of British Columbia. Author of \"Anthropology and Modern Life\" and \"Race, Language and Culture\", he shaped American anthropology with his theory of cultural relativism while professor at Columbia University. FTP, who was this teacher of Ruth Benedict, the author of \"The Mind of Primitive Man\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 320 ], [ 321, 407 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Cuchulainn", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This hero's tales were almost forgotten when revived by Sechan Torpeist in the 7th century.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "C\u00fa_Chulainn", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516dd7", "qanta_id": 65361, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This hero's tales were almost forgotten when revived by Sechan Torpeist in the 7th century. Leader of the Red Branch, the Book of the Dun Cow tells of his death when he failed to recognize the Morrigan flying over him during his single-handed battle against the forces of Queen Maeve, and he gained his name by replacing a guarddog he had killed as a child.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 357 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Alfred the Great", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a likely apocryphal story, this king who reorganized the Fyrd was scolded by a peasant for letting her cakes burn.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516e1c", "qanta_id": 65430, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a likely apocryphal story, this king who reorganized the Fyrd was scolded by a peasant for letting her cakes burn. As king he suffered an early setback when he was forced into hiding in the marshes of Athelney by the forces of Guthrum, but he turned the tide by defeating Guthrum at Edington, leading to the Treaty of Wedmore, securing Wessex. The fifth son of King Ethelwulf, FTP, who was this 9th century king also known for translating Latin texts and for probably starting the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 346 ], [ 347, 506 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Odin} [accept {Wodin}, {Wotan}, or similar-sounding equivalents]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one myth, he tricked the slaves of Baugi into killing each other and transformed into a snake to steal the Mead of Poetry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Odin", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516e8a", "qanta_id": 65540, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one myth, he tricked the slaves of Baugi into killing each other and transformed into a snake to steal the Mead of Poetry. His possessions include an arm ring which provides endless wealth, the wolves Geri and Freki, and the ravens Hunin and Munin. He also pledged an eye to Mimir's well to gain wisdom. Wielding the spear Gungnir and riding the eight-legged steed Sleipnir, he will be avenged by his son Vidar at Ragnarok after being swallowed by Fenrir. FTP, name this husband of Frigg and father of Thor, the chief of the gods in Norse mythology.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 251 ], [ 252, 306 ], [ 307, 458 ], [ 459, 552 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Tale of Genji} [or {Genji Monogatari}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While exiled to Suma, this novel's protagonist seduces the daughter of a rich man, and the result is his only daughter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tale_of_Genji", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516e8b", "qanta_id": 65541, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While exiled to Suma, this novel's protagonist seduces the daughter of a rich man, and the result is his only daughter. One chapter, left blank, is titled \"Vanished into the Clouds,\" marking the protagonist's death, while the last ten chapters take place at Uji and concern Kaoru, the \"son\" of the protagonist, who loves the same woman as his friend Niou. The title prince is married to Lady Aoi, but has numerous affairs with other women of the court. FTP, name this Heian-age novel by Lady Murasaki.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 355 ], [ 356, 452 ], [ 453, 501 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Yukio {Mishima}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his novels, a young boy uses a hole in the wall to spy on his mother's sexual intercourse with a man he idolizes, and in another, a student fails to be aroused by a prostitute, causing him to accept his homosexuality.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yukio_Mishima", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516e91", "qanta_id": 65547, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his novels, a young boy uses a hole in the wall to spy on his mother's sexual intercourse with a man he idolizes, and in another, a student fails to be aroused by a prostitute, causing him to accept his homosexuality. In addition to The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea and Confessions of a Mask, he wrote a work in which the stuttering Mizoguchi burns down the titular structure and a series in which Princess Chantrapa and the athlete Isao are believed to be reincarnations of the narrator's childhood friend Kiyoaki. FTP, name this Japanese author of The Temple of the Golden Pavilion who followed the life of Shigekuni Honda in The Sea of Fertility.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 227 ], [ 228, 536 ], [ 537, 670 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Pynchon}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Characters created by this man include a disc jockey made nauseous by the sight of sawdust and a counterfeiter who repeatedly debates whether Rossini was a better composer than Beethoven.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Pynchon", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516e99", "qanta_id": 65555, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Characters created by this man include a disc jockey made nauseous by the sight of sawdust and a counterfeiter who repeatedly debates whether Rossini was a better composer than Beethoven. One of his novels follows Zoyd Wheeler's search for his former wife, and in his first novel, Pig Bodine and Benny Profane search for the titular woman. Another of his works follows a widespread conspiracy concerning the Tristero mail organization uncovered by Oedipa Maas, and in his most famous novel, a giant octopus is beaten off with a wine bottle by Tyrone Slothrop. FTP, name this reclusive American author of The Crying of Lot 49 and Gravity's Rainbow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 339 ], [ 340, 559 ], [ 560, 647 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Immanuel {Kant}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher theorized a union of rational beings known as his \"Kingdom of Ends,\" and he advocated the abolition of standing armies in order to achieve the titular state in Perpetual Peace.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ea9", "qanta_id": 65571, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher theorized a union of rational beings known as his \"Kingdom of Ends,\" and he advocated the abolition of standing armies in order to achieve the titular state in Perpetual Peace. This philosopher credited David Hume's An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding with awakening him from his \"dogmatic slumber.\" He rejected empiricism and advocated the concept of a priori knowledge in one work. His Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals stated that the moral value of an idea is determined by whether one could wish it to be a universal law, an idea known as the categorical imperative. FTP, name this German philosopher who wrote Critique of Pure Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 322 ], [ 323, 406 ], [ 407, 600 ], [ 601, 669 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "the {Baha'i} Faith", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "On this religion's holiday of Ridvan, the giving of a title meaning \"glory of God\" to the successor of its founder is celebrated.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ebd", "qanta_id": 65591, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "On this religion's holiday of Ridvan, the giving of a title meaning \"glory of God\" to the successor of its founder is celebrated. That founder took a title meaning \"the Gate\", and the \"Guardian\" of this religion was Shoghi Effendi. The sacred texts of this religion include the Book of Certitude, and its temples include one in Haifa. In addition to the two aforementioned prophets, this faith also considers Adam, Abraham, Moses, Krishna, Zoroaster, Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad to be prophets. It was founded in nineteenth century Persia by Siyyd Ali Muhammad. FTP, name this faith founded on the basis of unity and equality by the Bab.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 231 ], [ 232, 334 ], [ 335, 494 ], [ 495, 561 ], [ 562, 637 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Milton {Friedman}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote that FDR's manipulation of price controls caused further economic problems during the Great Depression.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Milton_Friedman", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ec2", "qanta_id": 65596, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote that FDR's manipulation of price controls caused further economic problems during the Great Depression. This man's lectures on the benefits of the free market in Chile in 1975 helped solve an economic crisis as well as paved the way for democratization, a philosophy which formed the basis of his most famous work. Often collaborating with his wife Rose, FTP, name this monetarist author of A Monetary History of the United States and Capitalism and Freedom, the most prominent Chicago school economist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 329 ], [ 330, 518 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Torque} [or {Moment} of Force]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "When this quantity is absent, Poinsot's construction represents one phenomenon that usually requires it to be present, while the type of that phenomenon \"induced\" by this quantity is also called the \"gyroscopic\" kind.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Torque", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ecc", "qanta_id": 65606, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When this quantity is absent, Poinsot's construction represents one phenomenon that usually requires it to be present, while the type of that phenomenon \"induced\" by this quantity is also called the \"gyroscopic\" kind. The one exerted by the sun and moon on the earth results in the twenty-six thousand year precession of the earth's axis of rotation, and this quantity is the time derivative of angular momentum. FTP, identify this quantity, equal to the cross product of lever arm and force applied, which refers to the effect that an action has in rotating a body around some axis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 412 ], [ 413, 583 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Thor}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One suitor for this god's daughter Thrud was turned to stone by the sun after being forced to prove his wisdom, and this Aesir's chariot is pulled by a pair of goats.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ed3", "qanta_id": 65613, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One suitor for this god's daughter Thrud was turned to stone by the sun after being forced to prove his wisdom, and this Aesir's chariot is pulled by a pair of goats. The golden hair of this god's wife, Sif, was cut off by Loki. Utgard-Loki challenged this god to pick up a cat that was actually his mortal nemesis in disguise; at Ragnarok he will kill that enemy before dying of poison. This god was also challenged to drink a horn of mead that was actually the ocean. FTP name this Norse god of thunder who kills and is killed by the Midgard Serpent and whose iron gloves allow him to wield his hammer Mjolnir.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 228 ], [ 229, 387 ], [ 388, 469 ], [ 470, 612 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Felix {Mendelssohn}-Bartholdy", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's underrated works for piano include Rondo Capriccioso and his first Piano Concerto in G Minor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516eec", "qanta_id": 65638, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's underrated works for piano include Rondo Capriccioso and his first Piano Concerto in G Minor. He drew from Cervantes and Goethe for the opera Camacho's Wedding and The First Walpurgis Night, respectively. Spring Song and Spinning Song are two of his Songs Without Words, and a visit to Scotland inspired his Hebrides Overture and Third Symphony. He is better known for a symphony featuring tarantella and saltarello styles and incidental music featuring a Scherzo and Wedding March. FTP, name this German composer of the \"Italian\" Symphony and music for A Midsummer Night's Dream.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 215 ], [ 216, 356 ], [ 357, 493 ], [ 494, 591 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Claude {Monet}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted the St. Lazare Train Station as well as two series depicting buildings in different weather and at different times of day, his London Parliament series and Rouen Cathedral series.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Monet", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ef3", "qanta_id": 65645, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted the St. Lazare Train Station as well as two series depicting buildings in different weather and at different times of day, his London Parliament series and Rouen Cathedral series. This man is also known for a series including a depiction of the title objects at sunset, Haystacks, and this artist of an 1872 painting of the harbor of Le Havre also produced a series mainly painted on his property at Giverny, Water Lilies. FTP name this French painter whose Impression, Sunrise is the namesake of the Impressionist movement.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 442 ], [ 443, 471 ], [ 472, 544 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Ivan IV} Vasilyevich the Terrible [or {Ivan the Terrible}; or {Ivan Grozny}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Prince Shovisky was the president of one of this ruler's early councils.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_the_Terrible", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f01", "qanta_id": 65659, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Prince Shovisky was the president of one of this ruler's early councils. Gregory XIII intervened for peace talks between this ruler and Stephen Bathory, who led the Poles against him in the Livonian War. He created a new unit of musketeers named the Streltsy, after Andrey Kurbsky defected he decided to control the boyars with the Oprichnina, and he confessed his sins to the Zemski Sobor. He commemorated his taking of Astrakhan and Kazan with the construction of St. Basil's Cathedral and his retarded son lost power to Boris Godunov during the Time of Troubles. FTP, name this violent Rurik Russian grand prince of Moscow and the first proclaimed Czar of Russia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 203 ], [ 204, 390 ], [ 391, 565 ], [ 566, 666 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "A {Doll\u2019s House}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work calls his wife a songbird who must sing no false notes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "A_Doll's_House", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f04", "qanta_id": 65662, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work calls his wife a songbird who must sing no false notes. A key scene occurs when one character practices a tarantella to prevent another character from opening his mail. A note marked with a black cross arrives announcing the death of Doctor Rank, and a widowed childhood friend of the protagonist, Christine Linde, reengages a relationship with a man who knows that the protagonist forged her father's signature, Nils Krogstad. Krogstad blackmails the protagonist over money used to fund a trip to Italy so her husband could recover from illness. FTP, Torvald Helmer is abandoned by his wife Nora in what play by Henrik Ibsen?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 195 ], [ 196, 454 ], [ 455, 530 ], [ 531, 573 ], [ 574, 653 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Shiva}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One aspect of this god is Nataraja, the lord of dance, and this god, often depicted wearing a tiger skin, is carried by the bull Nandi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shiva", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f08", "qanta_id": 65666, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One aspect of this god is Nataraja, the lord of dance, and this god, often depicted wearing a tiger skin, is carried by the bull Nandi. He carries a trident and is often accompanied by snakes, and the Ganges is said to flow through his hair. His throat was stained blue by drinking poison churned up from the sea to obtain Amrita, and the opening of his third eye burned the god of love, Kama, to death. He beheaded his son but granted Ganesha the head of an elephant to minimally upset Parvati, and their other son is Skanda. FTP, name this member of the Hindu Trimurti, the god of destruction.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 241 ], [ 242, 403 ], [ 404, 526 ], [ 527, 595 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Carmen}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the opening scene of this opera, \"Avec la garde montante\" is sung by a chorus of urchins after Morales unsuccessfully tries to convince Micaela to stay in his company.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carmen", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f0e", "qanta_id": 65672, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the opening scene of this opera, \"Avec la garde montante\" is sung by a chorus of urchins after Morales unsuccessfully tries to convince Micaela to stay in his company. In Lillas Pastia's tavern, the protagonist sings \"La fleur que tu m'avais jetee\", known as the Flower Song, shortly before he is discovered by Zuniga. The protagonist plans to run away with Frasquita and Mercedes, but he is sidetracked when he learns that his mother is dying, allowing his lover to be seduced by a man who sings \"Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre\", or the Toreador Song, Escamillo. FTP, Don Jose falls in love with the titular gypsy in what Georges Bizet opera?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 321 ], [ 322, 571 ], [ 572, 651 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Orpheus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's wife died on their wedding day while fleeing from Aristaeus, and this man would later be torn to pieces by Maenads after forsaking women.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Orpheus", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f14", "qanta_id": 65678, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's wife died on their wedding day while fleeing from Aristaeus, and this man would later be torn to pieces by Maenads after forsaking women. This Thracian saved the Argonauts from the Sirens by out-playing their music and was buried on the island of Lesbos by the Muses after his singing head floated down the river. After lulling Cerberus to sleep, this figure was able to bring Persephone to tears. However, this figure disobeyed her instructions to not look back at his wife while leading her from the underworld and lost her once again. FTP name this musician, the husband of Eurydice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 324 ], [ 325, 408 ], [ 409, 548 ], [ 549, 597 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ferdinand Victor Eugene {Delacroix}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted a lion hunt and a Jewish wedding after a trip to North Africa, during which he also painted a man in yellow riding a horse outside a yellow-walled city in The Sultan of Morocco.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f1b", "qanta_id": 65685, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted a lion hunt and a Jewish wedding after a trip to North Africa, during which he also painted a man in yellow riding a horse outside a yellow-walled city in The Sultan of Morocco. This artist also painted portraits of George Sand and Frederic Chopin and painted an Ottoman on horseback near a pile of dying Greeks in Massacre at Chios. Other works show a nude's throat being slit as a king sits on his bed, and a work in which a man in a top hat marches next to a woman flying a tricolor. FTP, name this artist of The Death of Sardanapalus, a French Romantic who painted Liberty Leading the People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 353 ], [ 354, 506 ], [ 507, 616 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sergei {Prokofiev}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's suites include one drawn from his ballet The Stone Flower and another compiled from the ballet Ala and Lolly called the Scythian.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f2a", "qanta_id": 65700, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's suites include one drawn from his ballet The Stone Flower and another compiled from the ballet Ala and Lolly called the Scythian. He featured over forty named characters in his opera War and Peace and drew on a Bryusov novel for his opera The Fiery Angel. This composer used a scoring for an old-fashioned orchestra in his First Symphony entitled \"Classical\". In one work by this composer, Fata Morgana places a curse on the Prince, causing him to fall in love with the titular fruit, and in another for narrator and orchestra, a clarinet represents a cat and an oboe represents a duck. FTP, name this Soviet composer of The Love for Three Oranges and Peter and the Wolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 271 ], [ 272, 375 ], [ 376, 602 ], [ 603, 687 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Oxidation} (Prompt on {Redox})", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Baeyer and Villiger name one of these reactions, whose states name the two-dimensional version of a Latimer Diagram, also named for Frost.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Redox", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f33", "qanta_id": 65709, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Baeyer and Villiger name one of these reactions, whose states name the two-dimensional version of a Latimer Diagram, also named for Frost. That state often sees Lanthanide elements form triatomic ions. The number associated with this process is usually constant for oxygen, except in peroxide. Disproportionation involves one of these reactions and a reduction in the same reaction. FTP, name this type of reaction, classified by the loss of an electron, a subset of redox reactions.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 201 ], [ 202, 293 ], [ 294, 382 ], [ 383, 483 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Prague Spring}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Tensions created by this event were not resolved at a meeting at Ciern\u00e1-", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prague_Spring", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f5a", "qanta_id": 65747, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Tensions created by this event were not resolved at a meeting at Ciern\u00e1- nad-Tisou, and it was ended by the Moscow Protocol and the accession of Hus\u00e1k to power. Jan Palach immolated himself in protest after it ended, and the \"Two Thousand Words\" was a manifesto urging the expansion of the Action Program to real democracy. \"Socialism with a human face\" was the goal of Dubcek, this event's leader. Squashed by a Soviet invasion, FTP, name this 1968 event in Czechoslovakia named for a season.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 160 ], [ 161, 323 ], [ 324, 398 ], [ 399, 493 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC II", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Gian Lorenzo {Bernini}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This sculptor designed a structure whose four spiraling columns are decorated with laurel leaves and bees, on which rests a bronze canopy, the Baldachinno.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f83", "qanta_id": 65788, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This sculptor designed a structure whose four spiraling columns are decorated with laurel leaves and bees, on which rests a bronze canopy, the Baldachinno. A three-headed dog stands on the base of a figura serpentina statue group he sculpted, in which marble tears roll down the face of one figure while another grabs her around the waist, The Rape of Proserpina. One of his works located in the Piazza Navona has one figure's face covered because the source of the Nile was undiscovered, the Fountain of the Four Rivers. This artist also sculpted a woman arching her back while an angel aims a golden spear at her. For 10 points, name this sculptor of The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 363 ], [ 364, 521 ], [ 522, 615 ], [ 616, 680 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Osiris}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity's wife once revived him by changing into a bird and flapping her wings to breathe life into him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Osiris", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f8e", "qanta_id": 65799, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity's wife once revived him by changing into a bird and flapping her wings to breathe life into him. This figure is often called \"First of the Westerners,\" and in another story this deity's body had become stuck in a tree that was holding up a palace at Byblos. This figure was the oldest child of Geb and Nut, and Nephthys helped pick up his body parts after this deity was chopped up by his evil brother Set. For 10 points, identify this green-skinned figure who was the father of Horus, the husband of Isis, and Egyptian god of the dead.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 268 ], [ 269, 417 ], [ 418, 547 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Nora} Helmer", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This character dresses up as a fisher girl for a ball at which she dances the tarantella.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "A_Doll's_House", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f99", "qanta_id": 65810, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This character dresses up as a fisher girl for a ball at which she dances the tarantella. At one point in the play in which she appears, this character idealizes her husband's reactions to her drowning in icy water, but these illusions are shattered when he receives a letter detailing her forgery of a bank note. This character had earlier borrowed money from Krogstad to finance her husband's trip abroad to recover his health, and upon seeing Torvald's selfishness she leaves by slamming the door. For 10 points, name this protagonist of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 313 ], [ 314, 500 ], [ 501, 571 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Theseus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "As this figure was rescued from a certain chair, part of his buttocks remained stuck to the seat.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theseus", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516f9d", "qanta_id": 65814, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As this figure was rescued from a certain chair, part of his buttocks remained stuck to the seat. This man was conceived after the Delphic oracle told his father not to loosen the wineskin until he reached the height of Athens, and this man was once challenged to retrieve a ring thrown into the ocean. This figure seduced Perigune on a journey from the city of Troezen during which this figure encountered Periphetes, Sciron, and Procrustes. This son of Aethra failed to remove a black sail, which caused his father Aegeus to fling himself into the sea. For 10 points, name this hero who abandoned Ariadne on Naxos after she helped him kill the Minotaur.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 302 ], [ 303, 442 ], [ 443, 554 ], [ 555, 655 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Martin {Heidegger}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher considered the role of humanity in enframing the truth and considered the \"supreme danger\" and \"saving power\" of edifices like hydroelectric power plants in his work", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Heidegger", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516fa2", "qanta_id": 65819, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher considered the role of humanity in enframing the truth and considered the \"supreme danger\" and \"saving power\" of edifices like hydroelectric power plants in his work The Question Concerning Technology. This philosopher claimed that the title object established a struggle between that which is ready-to-hand and that which is unintelligible to what is ready- to-hand, or between \"World\" and \"Earth,\" in The Origin of the Work of Art. His best known work suggests its first title subject must be understood by progressive cycles through a \"hermeneutic circle\" and posits a being he calls Dasein. For 10 points, name this author of Being and Time.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 218 ], [ 219, 450 ], [ 451, 611 ], [ 612, 662 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{California}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One early governor of this state was Admiral John Sloat, who passed power onto Robert Stockton.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "California", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516fa8", "qanta_id": 65825, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One early governor of this state was Admiral John Sloat, who passed power onto Robert Stockton. One organization established in this state was led by William B. Ide, and this state was home to Denis Kearney, whose supporters opposed the Chinese Exclusion Act. Another politician from this state was the first Republican presidential nominee and was called the \"Pathfinder.\" For 10 points, identify this U.S. State home to John Fremont and the Bear Flag Republic during the Mexican-American War, which was also home to Sutter's Mill and its namesake \"Gold Rush.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 259 ], [ 260, 373 ], [ 374, 561 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Langston {Hughes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author describes a character made to \"eat in the kitchen /", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516fa9", "qanta_id": 65826, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poem by this author describes a character made to \"eat in the kitchen / When company comes,\" and another poem ends \"He slept like a rock or a man that's dead\" and is about a piano player at a nightclub. In addition to writing and \"The Weary Blues\"and creating Jesse B. Semple, one poem by this author notes objects \"ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood,\" and another poem by this author asks if the title object \"sags like a heavy load\" or \"dry up like a raisin in the sun.\" For 10 points, identify this author of the poems \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers\" and \"A Dream Deferred,\" a leading figure of the Harlem Renaissance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 120 ], [ 120, 206 ], [ 207, 501 ], [ 502, 647 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{titration}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "S. P. L. S\u00f8rensen developed a type of this technique for amino acid analysis that employs formaldehyde and potassium hydroxide.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Titration", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516fac", "qanta_id": 65829, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "S. P. L. S\u00f8rensen developed a type of this technique for amino acid analysis that employs formaldehyde and potassium hydroxide. The presence of some metal ions in solution may be determined by performing this technique with EDTA. This technique leads to a graph whose inflection points represent the technique's possible endpoints. For 10 points, name this method of quantitative analysis wherein the chemist reacts a known volume at known concentration of one substance with a known volume of unknown concentration of the other, most often employing a pH indicator to determine when the acid and base have neutralized.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 229 ], [ 230, 331 ], [ 332, 619 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Mario {Vargas Llosa}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, a member of the Cahuide activists named Santiago Zavala meets Ambrosio at a dog pound and engages in the titular action.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mario_Vargas_Llosa", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516fb9", "qanta_id": 65842, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this author, a member of the Cahuide activists named Santiago Zavala meets Ambrosio at a dog pound and engages in the titular action. Another work by this author details the theft of a chemistry test by a cadet at the Leoncio Prado Academy. This author of Conversation in the Cathedral and The Time of the Hero is best known for a work in which a radio station that broadcasts soap operas hires Pedro Camacho and another writer, Mario, falls in love with the other title character. For 10 points, identify this Peruvian author of Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, the most recent Nobel Laureate in literature.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 256 ], [ 257, 497 ], [ 498, 624 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{entropy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In drug design, to minimized unfavorable changes in this quantity upon binding, scientists prefer rigid skeletons.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516fc2", "qanta_id": 65851, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In drug design, to minimized unfavorable changes in this quantity upon binding, scientists prefer rigid skeletons. The source of the Gibbs paradox is an incomplete measurement of this property, inadequately describing the increase in this quantity when two unlike substances mix. This quantity may be defined in information theory as proportional to the negative logarithm of the number of microstates of a system, while classically it is the integral of one over temperature with respect to heat. This quantity tends to increase or remain the same over time. For 10 points, name this thermodynamic quantity, a measure of the disorder of a system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 279 ], [ 280, 497 ], [ 498, 559 ], [ 560, 647 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Aztecs}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This empire's capital was divided into districts called calpulli and contained buildings called calmecacs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aztec", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516fca", "qanta_id": 65859, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This empire's capital was divided into districts called calpulli and contained buildings called calmecacs. Many of this empire's inhabitants were killed in a massacre at the Templo Mayor. One conflict involving this empire fought the Flower Wars against Cholula and Tlaxcala, and this empire's downfall began during an event called La Noche Triste. This empire was betrayed by a woman named Malinche, and their final leader was killed when rocks were piled on top of him. For 10 points, Hernan Cortez oversaw the defeat of what Mesoamerican empire, ruled from Tenochtitlan by Montezuma.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 187 ], [ 188, 348 ], [ 349, 471 ], [ 472, 586 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Coriolis} force", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This effect's analog in electrodynamics is called the Christoffel voltage, and the normal component of this force is found by the Eotvos effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coriolis_force", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516fcb", "qanta_id": 65860, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This effect's analog in electrodynamics is called the Christoffel voltage, and the normal component of this force is found by the Eotvos effect. The ratio of inertial forces to this force is called the Rossby number, and this effect is responsible for movements in the ocean's Ekman layer. This effect concerns moving objects in a rotating reference frame, and it is one of the fictitious forces. The effect responsible for the rotation of cyclones, for 10 points, identify this effect in which a moving object will drift to the right in the Northern Hemisphere", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 289 ], [ 290, 396 ], [ 397, 561 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Charles {Ives}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The middle movement of this composer's piano trio is titled TSIAJ, or \"this scherzo is a joke,\" and his second symphony quotes \"Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean\" and ends with a dissonant raspberry on the trumpet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Ives", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516fd0", "qanta_id": 65865, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The middle movement of this composer's piano trio is titled TSIAJ, or \"this scherzo is a joke,\" and his second symphony quotes \"Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean\" and ends with a dissonant raspberry on the trumpet. This composer of the Concord Sonata wrote a piece in which the flute gives an \"invisible reply\" to the trumpet's titular query, as well as one that features movements like \"The Housatonic at Stockbridge\" and \"The 'Saint-Gaudens' in Boston Common.\" For 10 points, name this American insurance salesman and composer of The Unanswered Question and Three Places in New England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 211 ], [ 212, 459 ], [ 460, 585 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Aristophanes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's plays begins when a farmer rides a dung beetle into heaven, and another play by this author has a protagonist who is a sausage seller.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristophanes", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516fda", "qanta_id": 65875, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's plays begins when a farmer rides a dung beetle into heaven, and another play by this author has a protagonist who is a sausage seller. One work by this author contains a workshop called the \"Thinkery,\" while another work of this author follows Dionysus on a journey to the underworld and has a chorus that repeats \"Brekekekex-koax-koax.\" In yet another work of this author, the title woman plots to end the Peloponnesian War by getting the women of Athens to withhold sex. For 10 points, identify this author of The Clouds, The Frogs, and Lysistrata, the foremost ancient Athenian comic playwright.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 358 ], [ 359, 493 ], [ 494, 619 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Hajj}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One practice at this observance involves walking back and forth seven times between two mountains, and women must clip their hair the length of a finger tip.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hajj", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905516ff5", "qanta_id": 65902, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One practice at this observance involves walking back and forth seven times between two mountains, and women must clip their hair the length of a finger tip. People at this observance drink from the Well of Zamzam, and people throw pebbles at three large pillars in a practice called the Stoning of the Devil. This practice differs from the similar practice of Umrah, which be done at any time during the year, and many practitioners make a journey to Medina following this observance. For 10 points, identify this pillar of Islam which must be done at least once, a pilgrimage to Mecca.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 309 ], [ 310, 485 ], [ 486, 587 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Nadine {Gordimer}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author's most recent novel tells of the cancer-ridden environmentalist Paul Bannerman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517002", "qanta_id": 65915, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author's most recent novel tells of the cancer-ridden environmentalist Paul Bannerman. In addition to Get a Life, this writer's novels include one in which Mehring and Jacobus discover a corpse on their land, and another about Rosa's struggle for identity as the daughter of the anti-Apartheid activist Lionel. This author's best known work ends with Maureen Smale chasing a helicopter while her family hides from civil war with the title group. For 10 points, name this South African author who wrote The Conservationist, The Burger's Daughter, and July's People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 315 ], [ 316, 450 ], [ 451, 569 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jean-Jacques {Rousseau}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher, who praised the Confederation of Bar for saving a certain nation, considered \"the question of the three orders\" in his Considerations on the Government of Poland and dedicated to an idealized Geneva his Discourse on Inequality.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551700d", "qanta_id": 65926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher, who praised the Confederation of Bar for saving a certain nation, considered \"the question of the three orders\" in his Considerations on the Government of Poland and dedicated to an idealized Geneva his Discourse on Inequality. Oscar Wilde wrote that \"Robespierre came out of the pages of\" this man, who recommended giving children a tutor who would arrange organic learning experiences, and who in his best-known work he described the mechanism by which the sovereign makes an agreement with the government. For 10 points, name this rival to Voltaire and author of Emile who discussed the free-born \"noble savage\" and wrote The Social Contract.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 245 ], [ 246, 526 ], [ 527, 663 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Chicago}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel set in this city, Sally's disloyalty gets Esperanza Cordero raped at a carnival.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chicago", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517018", "qanta_id": 65937, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel set in this city, Sally's disloyalty gets Esperanza Cordero raped at a carnival. It is in this city that the brother of Simon works for the financier Einhorn in a novel by Saul Bellow, and in another novel Charles Drouet meets Caroline Meeber on a train trip to this city. The wealthy Dalton family employs Bigger Thomas, who is captured after a chase scene over this city's rooftops. The House on Mango Street, Sister Carrie, The Adventures of Augie March, and Native Son are all set in, for 10 points, what city celebrated as \"hog butcher for the world\" by Carl Sandburg?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 285 ], [ 286, 397 ], [ 398, 586 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{p}olymerase {c}hain {r}eaction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One variety of this process reduces side products by starting at a high temperature and then gradually lowering it, called the \"touchdown\" method.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymerase_chain_reaction", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551702a", "qanta_id": 65955, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One variety of this process reduces side products by starting at a high temperature and then gradually lowering it, called the \"touchdown\" method. Fidelity in this process can be improved by using Pfx or Pfu, and its helicase-dependent type is carried out at constant rather than cycling temperature. Divalent cations and dNTPs are also used in this process, which commonly uses Taq, a type of heat-resistant polymerase. That polymerase extends DNA primers in this process, which was first developed by Kary Mullis. For 10 points, name this experimental technique developed to amplify genetic material outside of the cell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 300 ], [ 301, 420 ], [ 421, 515 ], [ 516, 622 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{mitochondria}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Aggregations of a diseased form of this organelle take on a \"ragged red fiber\" appearance, and mutations in this organelle lead to Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517035", "qanta_id": 65966, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Aggregations of a diseased form of this organelle take on a \"ragged red fiber\" appearance, and mutations in this organelle lead to Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. TOM and TIM proteins allow the translocation of proteins across their membranes, and they release cytochrome c into the cytoplasm during apoptosis. They are maternally inherited and participate in the citric acid cycle. These organelles' inner membranes are organized into folds called cristae, on which is located a protein that exploits a proton gradient to make a high-energy molecule. For 10 points, name these organelles that produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 315 ], [ 316, 387 ], [ 388, 556 ], [ 557, 646 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "e.e. {cummings}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote \"if the quote state unquote says \u2018kill'killing is an act of christian love\" in a work ending with the line \"Ain't freedom grand.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._E._Cummings", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517043", "qanta_id": 65980, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote \"if the quote state unquote says \u2018kill'killing is an act of christian love\" in a work ending with the line \"Ain't freedom grand.\" He also wrote of a man who mentions some things he won't eat as well and that he won't kiss your flag when he is abused for being a \"conscientious object-or\" since his \"warmest heart recoiled at war.\" This man also wrote about a place \"with up so floating many bells down.\" For 10 points, identify this author of \"I sing of Olaf glad and big\" and \"anyone lived in a pretty how town,\" a poet who was fond of lowercase letters.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 344 ], [ 344, 345 ], [ 346, 417 ], [ 417, 570 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Aquinas} [or {Thomas} of {Aquino}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A revelation that occurred to this figure during a mass led him to remark that everything he had written was like straw.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Aquinas", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517046", "qanta_id": 65983, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A revelation that occurred to this figure during a mass led him to remark that everything he had written was like straw. One work by this thinker has four parts that include views of God in himself and \"transitive action.\" Called \"Doctor Angelis\" or \"Doctor Universalis,\" this author of Summa Contra Gentiles is more famous for a work written in three parts which outlines five proofs for the existence of God. For 10 points, identify this Christian theologian and Scholastic who compiled all of the church teachings of his time in his work Summa Theologica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 221 ], [ 221, 222 ], [ 223, 410 ], [ 411, 558 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{South Africa}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation was the site of the Wind of Change speech, and one leader of this nation had the nickname \"The Big Crocodile.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "South_Africa", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517048", "qanta_id": 65985, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation was the site of the Wind of Change speech, and one leader of this nation had the nickname \"The Big Crocodile.\" The Rivonia Trial took place in this nation, and leaders of this nation included Hendrik Verwoerd and P. W. Botha. The site of the Sharpeville Massacre in in 1960, this nation established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1995 to investigate a policy advocated by the party of D. F. Malan. For 10 points, identify this African nation led by F. W. de Klerk, which for a long time had the policy of Apartheid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 237 ], [ 238, 421 ], [ 422, 539 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Tom Jones}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This character once fell into a canal chasing a small bird and was later arrested by Mr. Fellamar after stabbing Mr. Fitzpatrick.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517051", "qanta_id": 65994, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This character once fell into a canal chasing a small bird and was later arrested by Mr. Fellamar after stabbing Mr. Fitzpatrick. This character saves another Mr. Nightingale from being throttled at the hands of his footman, and later Mr. Nightingale marries Nancy. This character's schoolmaster, who lives with the philosopher Mr. Square, is the harsh Mr. Thwackum. He kills a partridge for Black George and falls in love with Sophia Western, having earlier been taken in by Squire Allworthy. For 10 points, identify this character, the title foundling in a novel by Henry Fielding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 265 ], [ 266, 366 ], [ 367, 493 ], [ 494, 583 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Franz Josef {Haydn}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this composer's works is a set of seven sonatas on the seven last words of Christ.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551705c", "qanta_id": 66005, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this composer's works is a set of seven sonatas on the seven last words of Christ. This composer of the\"The Queen of France\" symphony also wrote a \"Mass in Troubled Times\" sometimes called the \"Lord Nelson Mass.\" He wrote two oratorios, one of which is called The Seasons and the other of which uses a C major chord to depict the sudden appearance of light, The Creation. His one hundred and first symphony is named for the metronomic beat underlying its second movement, and his ninety-fourth symphony gained its nickname because its piano theme is abruptly interrupted by a fortissimo chord. For 10 points, name this composer of the \"Clock\" and \"Surprise\" symphonies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 219 ], [ 220, 378 ], [ 379, 600 ], [ 601, 676 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{bystander} effect", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This phenomenon was studied by John Darley and Bibb Latane in an experiment involving students communicating with separate discussion groups via intercoms and an accomplice admitting his tendency to have seizures.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bystander_effect", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551706c", "qanta_id": 66021, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This phenomenon was studied by John Darley and Bibb Latane in an experiment involving students communicating with separate discussion groups via intercoms and an accomplice admitting his tendency to have seizures. The best-known occurrence of this took place in New York when a woman was stabbed to death in front of 38 witnesses, and this phenomenon is linked to a diffusion of responsibility. For 10 points, name this psychological effect often named for Kitty Genovese that states that people are less likely to help others while part of a large group than when they are alone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 214, 394 ], [ 395, 580 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Joseph Mallord William {Turner}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A classical scene executed by this painter features tiny, rust-colored figures positioned around a wagon below tall pillared buildings suffused in yellow light, Ovid Banished from Rome.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "J._M._W._Turner", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551706d", "qanta_id": 66022, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A classical scene executed by this painter features tiny, rust-colored figures positioned around a wagon below tall pillared buildings suffused in yellow light, Ovid Banished from Rome. The sun penetrates through pitch-black storm clouds in his Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Men crossing the Alps. The title vessel, in an ethereal pale yellow, follows a darker tugboat in one of his works, and thick posts of orange and black surround the central figure, an oncoming train, in another. For 10 points, name this English Romantic painter of landscapes like The Fighting Temeraire and Rain, Steam, and Speed.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 256 ], [ 257, 296 ], [ 297, 484 ], [ 485, 604 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Hanseatic League} [or {Hansa}; or {Hanse}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The members of this alliance fought the Victual Brothers and signed the treaty of Stralsund with Valdemar IV of Denmark while united under the Confederation of Cologne.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hanseatic_League", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517073", "qanta_id": 66028, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The members of this alliance fought the Victual Brothers and signed the treaty of Stralsund with Valdemar IV of Denmark while united under the Confederation of Cologne. This organization's London headquarters gave their name to a type of balance and were called the Steelyard; they were also one of its four Kontoren or counting houses. By the end of the 16th century, the decline of cities like Bruges, Antwerp, and Lubeck heralded the collapse of this entity. For 10 points, name this alliance of merchant cities and guilds, a league that during the 13th through 17th centuries controlled trade in and around the North Sea and the Baltic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 336 ], [ 337, 461 ], [ 462, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Harold {Pinter}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One play by this author sees a man trip over a drum after another breaks his glasses during a game of blind man's bluff.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Harold_Pinter", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517075", "qanta_id": 66030, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One play by this author sees a man trip over a drum after another breaks his glasses during a game of blind man's bluff. This author wrote a play chronicling \"seven years of afternoons\" during which Emma, Robert's wife, slept with Jerry. That play is told in reverse chronology and is titled Betrayal. This author also wrote of an old tramp named Davies filling the title role in The Caretaker, and another play by this author sees two characters receiving orders for food until one, Ben, realizes that he has been hired to kill the other, Gus. For 10 points, name this British author of The Dumb Waiter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 237 ], [ 238, 301 ], [ 302, 544 ], [ 545, 604 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Philip {Roth}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, Athena College professor Coleman Silk loses his job after he is accused of racism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philip_Roth", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517079", "qanta_id": 66034, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this author, Athena College professor Coleman Silk loses his job after he is accused of racism. That novel forms part of a trilogy along with I Married a Communist and is titled The Human Stain. In another of this author's novels, the relationship between working class Neil Krugman and affluent Brenda Patimkin falls apart, while this man also wrote about of a character who explains to Dr. Spielvogel his relationships with \"The Pilgrim,\" \"The Pumpkin,\" and \"The Monkey.\" The creator of Nathan Zuckerman, for 10 points, identify this American author of Goodbye, Columbus and Portnoy's Complaint.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 157 ], [ 158, 210 ], [ 211, 489 ], [ 490, 613 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Quetzalcoatl}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity's enemy caused him to get drunk and sleep with a priestess, and as a result this figure threw himself on a funeral pyre and his heart became the morning star.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551707a", "qanta_id": 66035, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity's enemy caused him to get drunk and sleep with a priestess, and as a result this figure threw himself on a funeral pyre and his heart became the morning star. In another story, this figure gathered the bones of old generations and sprinkled his blood on them to create a new race. Identified with the ruler Topiltzin, this twin brother of Xolotl was a son of the virgin goddess Coatlicue, and he opposed the \"smoking mirror\" god Tezcatlipoca. In some stories, this deity fashioned a raft of snakes and left across the sea to return again one day. For 10 points, identify this creator god and sky-deity of the Aztecs who was depicted as a feathered serpent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 291 ], [ 292, 439 ], [ 440, 453 ], [ 454, 557 ], [ 558, 667 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William {Blake}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This author created a world containing emanations such as Enitharmon and Vala which was divided into parts like Tharmas and Urizen after the division of Albion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Blake", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551710e", "qanta_id": 66183, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author created a world containing emanations such as Enitharmon and Vala which was divided into parts like Tharmas and Urizen after the division of Albion. One of this author's poems asks if the title location \"was builded here / Among these ($) dark Satanic Mills\" and begins by asking \"Did those feet in ancient times / Walk upon England's mountains green?\" Another of this author's poems mentions how \"thy life\" is destroyed by \"the dark secret love\" of a (*) \"invisible worm, / That flies in the night / In the howling storm.\" For ten points, identify this poet of \"Jerusalem\" and \"The Sick Rose,\" whose Songs of Experience include \"The Tyger.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 234 ], [ 235, 363 ], [ 363, 364 ], [ 365, 512 ], [ 513, 535 ], [ 536, 653 ] ], "tournament": "Schindler's Lit", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Stephen {Crane}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author describes how \"A spirit sped / Through spaces of night\" calling \"God!", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stephen_Crane", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551712c", "qanta_id": 66213, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poem by this author describes how \"A spirit sped / Through spaces of night\" calling \"God! God!\" before \"a swift hand / a sword from the sky / smote him, / And he was dead.\" The second poem in his most famous collection mentions \"three little birds in a row\" with \"quaint countenances\" who laugh at a passerby. The first poem in that collection mentions the \"rush upon the wind\" of the ($) \"ride of sin.\" The speaker of another of his poems asks \"Is it good, friend?\" of a \"creature, naked, bestial / who, squatting upon the ground / Held his heart in his hands / And ate of it.\" The title figures of one of his poems (*) come from the sea, with a \"clash and clash of hoof and heel\" and \"clang and clang of spear and shield.\" For ten points, identify this poet of The Black Riders and Other Lines, who wrote about Henry Fleming in The Red Badge of Courage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 99 ], [ 100, 158 ], [ 159, 175 ], [ 175, 313 ], [ 314, 407 ], [ 408, 566 ], [ 567, 581 ], [ 581, 582 ], [ 583, 727 ], [ 727, 859 ] ], "tournament": "Schindler's Lit", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Porfiry} {Petrovich} (accept either)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of the novel in which this character appears makes note of his use of the phrases \"tout court\" and \"in our neck of the woods,\" and this character states that he should have served in the military instead of his current civil service post.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Crime_and_Punishment", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517146", "qanta_id": 66239, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of the novel in which this character appears makes note of his use of the phrases \"tout court\" and \"in our neck of the woods,\" and this character states that he should have served in the military instead of his current civil service post. This character mentions a technique where a ($) suspect is made to feel comfortable before accusations are suddenly made against him the day after reading from an article the protagonist wrote months earlier. This character is surprised by a (*) painter bursting through a door to confess to a crime he did not commit. For ten points, identify this detective who investigates the murders of Lizaveta and a pawnbroker by Raskolnikov.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 254 ], [ 255, 463 ], [ 464, 573 ], [ 574, 687 ] ], "tournament": "Schindler's Lit", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "V.S. {Naipaul}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, Ganesh Ramsumair becomes a successful politician thanks to his ability to cure illness with his hands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "V._S._Naipaul", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551716f", "qanta_id": 66280, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's novels, Ganesh Ramsumair becomes a successful politician thanks to his ability to cure illness with his hands. In an interview, this author claimed he couldn't possibly \"share [Jane Austen's] ($) sentimental ambitions, her sentimental sense of the world\" before getting to the point that no female writer was his equal. The father of one of this author's protagonists drowns after his son (*) hides following a cow's death. The \"State Domain\" is built in the title location under the command of the Big Man, in another one of this author's novels that is narrated by Salim. For ten points, identify this author of The Mystic Masseur, A House for Mr. Biswas, and A Bend in the River.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 215 ], [ 216, 343 ], [ 344, 447 ], [ 448, 597 ], [ 598, 706 ] ], "tournament": "Schindler's Lit", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "the {moon} (be lenient if they answer like \u201cmoonlight\u201d or something)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One poem observes the nearness of this object \"while my little boat moves on its mooring of mist,\" and the speaker of another poem about this subject wonders where he will find it the next year after noting that \"The current life will not last long\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moon", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517170", "qanta_id": 66281, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poem observes the nearness of this object \"while my little boat moves on its mooring of mist,\" and the speaker of another poem about this subject wonders where he will find it the next year after noting that \"The current life will not last long\". Another poet wrote of ($) looking at this object before lowering his head and dreaming about home. Su Shi wrote a poem about the \"Mid-Autumn\" type of this object, while another poet wonders \"who keeps the lonely Chang E [\"chung uh\"] company?\" in \"Inquiring of this object, Winecup in Hand\". That poet of \"Quiet Night Thoughts\" also described this object and his (*) shadow as a \"party of three\" who \"will meet again beyond the Milky Way\" after parting drunk in \"Drinking Alone under\" this entity. For ten points, the Tang poet Li Bai apocryphally died attempting to retrieve the reflection of what celestial body?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 250 ], [ 251, 349 ], [ 350, 541 ], [ 542, 747 ], [ 748, 864 ] ], "tournament": "Schindler's Lit", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Robert {Frost}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author claims that \"It is true the longest drought will end in rain /", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551718f", "qanta_id": 66312, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poem by this author claims that \"It is true the longest drought will end in rain / The longest peace in China will end in strife\" though \"that calm seems perfectly safe to-night.\" That poem begins by noting \"You'll wait a long, long time for anything much / To happen in heaven.\" Another of this author's poems implores \"Say something to us we can learn!\" \"Talk Fahrenheit, talk Centigrade\" because \"to be ($) wholly taciturn / In your reserve is not allowed,\" though \"We grant your loftiness the right / To some obscurity of cloud.\" That poem says that, \"at times the mob is swayed / To carry praise or blame to far,\" we can do the title action \"To stay our minds on and be staid.\" For ten points, name this author of (*) \"On Looking Up by Chance at the Constellations\" and \"Choose Something Like a Star.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 182 ], [ 182, 261 ], [ 262, 282 ], [ 282, 283 ], [ 284, 359 ], [ 360, 431 ], [ 432, 508 ], [ 509, 536 ], [ 536, 588 ], [ 589, 686 ], [ 687, 728 ], [ 728, 810 ] ], "tournament": "Schindler's Lit", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Michel {Foucault}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher noted that the exclusion of lepers eventually transitioned to other exclusion rituals in an analogy of a ship of fools.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michel_Foucault", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517303", "qanta_id": 66684, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher noted that the exclusion of lepers eventually transitioned to other exclusion rituals in an analogy of a ship of fools. His genealogy of knowledge is a direct allusion to Nietzsche's genealogy of morality. This thinker developed the concept of the medical gaze in his The Birth of the Clinic and argued that the conditions of discourse changed over time in The (*) Order of Things. This man analyzed Bentham's Panopticon in work,.and he developed the theory of biopower in his The Will to Knowledge. For ten points, name this French philosopher and author of Discipline and Punish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 222 ], [ 223, 398 ], [ 399, 516 ], [ 517, 598 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Poland}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country controls the island of Wolin. Mount Rysy lies in its Tatra Mountains, which, along with the Sudetes, forms much of this country's southwest border.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poland", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551730e", "qanta_id": 66695, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country controls the island of Wolin. Mount Rysy lies in its Tatra Mountains, which, along with the Sudetes, forms much of this country's southwest border. This country lies south of Kaliningrad Oblast and across the Western Bug from a neighboring country's city of Brest. The Masurian Lake District is located in this country, and its city of Stettin lies on the Bay of (*) Pomerania. Its cities include Krakow, Lublin, and Gdansk, and it contains Auschwitz. This country's western border is formed by the Neisse and Oder Rivers, and the Vistula flows through this country before draining into the Baltic Sea. For ten points, name this country with capital at Warsaw.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 277 ], [ 278, 390 ], [ 391, 464 ], [ 465, 615 ], [ 616, 673 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Pallas {Athena} (accept {Athene}; accept {Athena} Parthenos)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Aglauros and Herse went mad and jumped to their deaths after disobeying this deity, who had told the daughters of Cecrops to not open a box that held a boy disguised as a snake.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athena", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517318", "qanta_id": 66705, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Aglauros and Herse went mad and jumped to their deaths after disobeying this deity, who had told the daughters of Cecrops to not open a box that held a boy disguised as a snake. That boy was a son of Gaia and Hephaestus even though the latter had tried to rape this goddess instead. Marsyas picked up a flute that she (*) invented but eventually discarded because it disfigured her face. Homer often refers to this figure as \"gray-eyed\", and as Mentor, she helps Odysseus leave for the Trojan War and return home to Ithaca. One of her symbols is the owl, and she was born from Metis in Zeus's head. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of wisdom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 282 ], [ 283, 387 ], [ 388, 523 ], [ 524, 598 ], [ 599, 648 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Islamic Republic of {Pakistan}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country contains the eastern half of the region of Makran, and its city of Quetta lies southeast of the Bolan Pass.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pakistan", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517319", "qanta_id": 66706, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country contains the eastern half of the region of Makran, and its city of Quetta lies southeast of the Bolan Pass. This country is home to the Pothohar Plateau, which lies north of the Salt Range and contains the cities of Jhelum and Attock. The Baltoro Glacier is located in its province of Gilgit-Baltistan, while its southwest is dominated by Balochistan Province. Its city of (*) Peshawar lies southeast of the Khyber Pass, while its city of Lahore lies west of the Thar Desert and is the capital of Punjab Province. K2 lies on its border with China, and its city of Karachi lies on the Arabian Sea near the mouth of the Indus River. For ten points, name this country with capital at Islamabad.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 247 ], [ 248, 373 ], [ 374, 526 ], [ 527, 643 ], [ 644, 704 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{enthalpy} (accept {H} before mentioned; prompt on \u201cdelta H\u201d)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity remains constant in a Joule-Thomson process. The van't Hoff equation relates the derivative of the natural log of the equilibrium constant to the change in this quantity, and Gibbs free energy equals this quantity minus the product of temperature and entropy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Enthalpy", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517325", "qanta_id": 66717, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity remains constant in a Joule-Thomson process. The van't Hoff equation relates the derivative of the natural log of the equilibrium constant to the change in this quantity, and Gibbs free energy equals this quantity minus the product of temperature and entropy. The change in this quantity can be found by subtracting the (*) heats of formation of the reactants from those of the products, since the change is independent of the reaction path according to Hess's Law. For ten points, identify this thermodynamic quantity, equal to internal energy plus pressure times volume, and symbolized H.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 273 ], [ 274, 479 ], [ 480, 604 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "War of {1812}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This war's battles of Chateauguay and Crysler's Farm caused one side to give up on an attempt to invade their northern neighbor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_1812", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517328", "qanta_id": 66720, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This war's battles of Chateauguay and Crysler's Farm caused one side to give up on an attempt to invade their northern neighbor. Edward Pakenham died during one of this war's battles, whose winning side was assisted by the pirate Jean Lafitte. One skirmish in this war resulted in the sinking of the Guerriere, and one side's capital was (*) burned after they lost at Bladensburg. Francis Scott Key composed \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" while watching the shelling of Fort McHenry during this war. For ten points, name this war between Britain and America which resolved by the Treaty of Ghent and fought about thirty years after the Revolutionary War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 243 ], [ 244, 380 ], [ 381, 495 ], [ 496, 650 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Republic of the Union of {Myanmar} (or {Burma})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Summer riots occurred in this country's Rakhine State against the minority Rohingya people, and this nation is still fighting a civil war over governance in Kachin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Myanmar", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517339", "qanta_id": 66737, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Summer riots occurred in this country's Rakhine State against the minority Rohingya people, and this nation is still fighting a civil war over governance in Kachin. One politician from this country was placed under house arrest after the National League for Democracy party dominated the 1990 elections. Its current president, (*) Thein Sein, took over in 2011 from Than Shwe. For ten points, name this Asian nation governed by a military junta from its recently-constructed capital Naypyidaw, home to female opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 303 ], [ 304, 376 ], [ 377, 544 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{War}s of the {Roses}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An early battle in this conflict resulted in the death of Henry Beaufort's father Edmond.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wars_of_the_Roses", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517341", "qanta_id": 66745, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An early battle in this conflict resulted in the death of Henry Beaufort's father Edmond. Before this conflict, Elizabeth Woodville was supposedly Margaret of Anjou's Maid of Honor. This conflict included battles at Tewkesbery and Saint Albans, the latter of which was a victory for the \"Kingmaker\" Richard Neville. Another battle in this conflict resulted in the death of (*) Richard III and the beginning of Henry VII's Tudor dynasty. The Battle of Bosworth Field occurred in, for ten points, what series of wars between the Houses of Lancaster and York named after their red and white flower symbols?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 181 ], [ 182, 315 ], [ 316, 436 ], [ 437, 603 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "\u201c{To His Coy Mistress}\u201d", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work inspired by this poem mentions the \"always coming on / The always rising of the night.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "To_His_Coy_Mistress", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551734b", "qanta_id": 66755, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work inspired by this poem mentions the \"always coming on / The always rising of the night.\" This poem's narrator would not mind two hundred years \"to adore each breast\" and thirty thousand years \"for the rest,\" before noting that \"the grave's a fine and private place.\" This poem's speaker's (*) \"vegetable love\" would \"grow vaster than Empires\" if it weren't for the coming \"deserts of vast eternity\" and \"time's winged chariot hurrying near.\" For ten points, identify this metaphysical poem beginning \"Had we but world enough, and time,\" in which Andrew Marvell tries to get a reluctant woman to sleep with him.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 95, 273 ], [ 273, 449 ], [ 450, 618 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Crime and Punishment} (or {Prestupleniye i nakazaniye})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, Lebezyatnikov exposes another character after he slips a hundred-ruble note in a girl's pocket.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Crime_and_Punishment", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517363", "qanta_id": 66779, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, Lebezyatnikov exposes another character after he slips a hundred-ruble note in a girl's pocket. This novel's protagonist refuses copying work given to him by his university friend Razumikhin, and he also receives a letter from his mother Pulkheria telling of his sister's engagement to Luzhin. Porfiry Petrovich mistakenly (*) investigates a pair of painters in this novel, not long after Alyona Ivanova and Lizaveta are found murdered. For ten points, identify this novel in which the creepy Svidrigailov and prostitute Sonya make the acquaintance of Raskolnikov, who murdered a pawnbroker with an axe, a work of Fyodor Dostoevsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 308 ], [ 309, 451 ], [ 452, 647 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{viscosity} or {viscous force}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A Refutas equation can be used to calculate this quantity for a mixture, and one form of it is the numerator of the Prandtl number.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517367", "qanta_id": 66783, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A Refutas equation can be used to calculate this quantity for a mixture, and one form of it is the numerator of the Prandtl number. The ratio of buoyant force to the force caused by it is given as the Grashof number. This property is increased when rheopectic substances are agitated, while it is reduced for (*) thixotropic compounds. It can be measured using a Zahn cup, and its kinematic form can be calculated by dividing its absolute form by mass density. This property can be characterized by a Reynolds number, and it is constant for Newtonian fluids and zero for superfluids. For ten points, identify this measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 216 ], [ 217, 335 ], [ 336, 460 ], [ 461, 583 ], [ 584, 654 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Alexander Sergeyevich {Pushkin}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's stories, Marya Gavrilovna accidentally marries Burmin when her lover is prevented from reaching church by the title storm.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Pushkin", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517382", "qanta_id": 66810, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's stories, Marya Gavrilovna accidentally marries Burmin when her lover is prevented from reaching church by the title storm. In another of his stories, Tomsky's grandmother dies after being threatened by Hermann, who bets on the three, seven, and the ace. In addition to \"The Blizzard\" and \"The (*) Queen of Spades\", this man also wrote a poem in which Evgenii's disgust at the flood of the Neva causes the title statue of Peter the Great come to life. In his most famous work, the title character kills Lensky in a duel and rejects Tatyana. For ten points, name this Russian author of \"The Bronze Horseman\" and Eugene Onegin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 277 ], [ 278, 474 ], [ 475, 563 ], [ 564, 648 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Catherine the Great} (accept {Catherine II} or {Yekaterina II} Velikaya or {Yekaterina Alexeevna}; prompt on Catherine)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler's army defeated the forces of Mandalzade H\u00fcsameddin at the Battle of Chesme, which resulted in Wallachia and Moldavia being given back to the Ottomans in the treaty of Kucuk-Kaynarca.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catherine_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517386", "qanta_id": 66814, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler's army defeated the forces of Mandalzade H\u00fcsameddin at the Battle of Chesme, which resulted in Wallachia and Moldavia being given back to the Ottomans in the treaty of Kucuk-Kaynarca. This ruler helped place Stanislaw Poniatowski on the throne of Poland, and faced a Cossack rebellion led by Yemelyan (*) Pugachev. Alongside Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great, this ruler participated in the Partitions of Poland, and was friends with writers like Diderot and Voltaire. This successor to Peter III was assisted by men such as Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin, her lover. For ten points, identify this longest-serving Russian empress.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 325 ], [ 326, 483 ], [ 484, 587 ], [ 588, 650 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{time}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The general Schr\u00f6dinger equation is described as \"dependent\" on this quantity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Time", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517388", "qanta_id": 66816, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The general Schr\u00f6dinger equation is described as \"dependent\" on this quantity. The partial derivative of magnetic field strength with respect to it equals the curl of the induced electric field, according to the Maxwell- Faraday law of induction. This quantity also describes a constant in the exponential term of equations describing (*) LC circuits. Taking the derivative of velocity with respect to this quantity gives acceleration, and this quantity is unified with space in the theory of relativity. For ten points, identify this quantity from physics, typically measured in seconds.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 247 ], [ 248, 352 ], [ 353, 505 ], [ 506, 589 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{four}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This many flutes respond to the trumpet in Ives' The Unanswered Question, and John Cage's Imaginary Landscape of this number includes parts for 12 radios.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "4", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517393", "qanta_id": 66827, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This many flutes respond to the trumpet in Ives' The Unanswered Question, and John Cage's Imaginary Landscape of this number includes parts for 12 radios. Mahler's symphony of this number ends with a soprano solo, and Bruckner's is called the \"Romantic\". Mendelssohn's symphony of this number was inspired by a journey through Europe and is nicknamed \"Italian\", and E (*) major has this many sharps. Beethoven's fate motif contains this many notes; that motif begins his fifth symphony. For ten points, name this number, the number of strings on a violin and musicians in a quartet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 254 ], [ 255, 399 ], [ 400, 486 ], [ 487, 582 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Jesus} {Christ} (accept either)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's feet are smaller than they should be in a foreshortened depiction of him by Andrea Mantegna.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jesus", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055173af", "qanta_id": 66855, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's feet are smaller than they should be in a foreshortened depiction of him by Andrea Mantegna. In another painting, a semi-circular slab above a window behind him appears to give him a halo as he sits next to a blue-sleeved man with index finger pointed upwards. This figure's death is shown in 4 dimensions in Dali's Corpus Hypercubus, and in a Rubens painting, incredibly (*) muscular men attempt to lift this man while he is attached to another object. For ten points, identify this long-haired man who appears often in artwork like the Pieta, where his body is held by his mother, the Virgin Mary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 271 ], [ 272, 464 ], [ 465, 610 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Yukio {Mishima} (or Kimitake {Hiraoka}, accept names in either order)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, the protagonist is disappointed to find out that a picture of a heroic knight is actually Joan of Arc.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yukio_Mishima", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055173ec", "qanta_id": 66916, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, the protagonist is disappointed to find out that a picture of a heroic knight is actually Joan of Arc. Multiple characters in this author's works have three notable moles, leading Judge Honda to believe they are reincarnations of his old friend Kiyoagi Matsugae. In one of this author's novels, (*) Kashiwagi uses his clubfoot to make girls feel sorry for him, and Mizoguchi burns down the Father Dosen-run title structure. For ten points, identify this seppuku-committing author of The Sea of Fertility series and The Temple of the Golden Pavilion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 295 ], [ 295, 455 ], [ 456, 581 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Edward {Hopper} (accept A {Woman in the Sun} \u201cartist\u201d)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A naked woman holds a cigarette in this artist's A Woman in the Sun, while a blonde woman in blue stands off to the side in his New York Movie.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Hopper", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055173f1", "qanta_id": 66921, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A naked woman holds a cigarette in this artist's A Woman in the Sun, while a blonde woman in blue stands off to the side in his New York Movie. This artist drew attention to a woman's legs in a painting in which she sits alone at a table, enjoying a beverage with one glove on, while two women in similar hats look at each other across a table in another painting. This artist of (*) Automat and Chop Suey is most famous for a painting in which an advertisement for Phillies cigars is visible above a corner diner in which three people eat. For ten points, name this American painter of Nighthawks.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 364 ], [ 365, 540 ], [ 541, 598 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{auxin}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the ubiquitin ligase complex SCF, the F-box protein TIP acts as a receptor to these compounds, and PIN is a protein used in a type of \"polar transport\" named after these compounds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auxin", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055173f3", "qanta_id": 66923, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the ubiquitin ligase complex SCF, the F-box protein TIP acts as a receptor to these compounds, and PIN is a protein used in a type of \"polar transport\" named after these compounds. They activate expansins that break down the cell wall and allow the cell to expand, according to the acid growth hypothesis. These hormones regulate gravitropism and (*) phototropism in addition to delaying fruit ripening. Most plants use one called indole-acetic acid, and they were the first plant hormones discovered. For ten points, name these plant hormones, which, like gibberellins, promote stem elongation and root growth.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 184, 308 ], [ 309, 406 ], [ 407, 504 ], [ 505, 614 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{calcium} (accept {Ca2+})", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After a sperm cell releases ions of this element, the cortical granules of the egg to fuse with the plasma membrane and block more sperm from entering the egg.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Calcium", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517400", "qanta_id": 66935, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After a sperm cell releases ions of this element, the cortical granules of the egg to fuse with the plasma membrane and block more sperm from entering the egg. A substantial decrease in the levels of this element's ion can cause a condition called tetany, which can be corrected by the parathyroid hormone. (*) Hydroxylapatite is composed of phosphates and this element. Vitamin D helps facilitate the intestinal absorption of this element, and the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts can change the level of this mineral in the bloodstream. For ten points, name this alkaline earth metal responsible for the hardness of bones and teeth.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 306 ], [ 307, 310 ], [ 311, 370 ], [ 371, 544 ], [ 545, 640 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Adeline Virginia {Woolf}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, Clara Durrant never develops a relationship with the title man, whose lovers include Florinda and Fanny Elmer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Virginia_Woolf", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517410", "qanta_id": 66950, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's works, Clara Durrant never develops a relationship with the title man, whose lovers include Florinda and Fanny Elmer. In another work, the protagonist is briefly the lover of Queen Elizabeth and the Russian Sasha, before discovering that after a long sleep he has changed genders. This author of (*)Jacob's Room and Orlando wrote a work in which Septimus Smith commits suicide after the title character's dinner party, and one in which Lily Briscoe and the Ramsay family take a trip to the title location. For ten points, name this English author of Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 304 ], [ 305, 529 ], [ 530, 610 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Sim\u00f3n {Bol\u00edvar}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man was defeated by a \"Legion of Hell\" under the leadership of Tom\u00e1s Boves.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sim\u00f3n_Bol\u00edvar", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517411", "qanta_id": 66951, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man was defeated by a \"Legion of Hell\" under the leadership of Tom\u00e1s Boves. He arrested his erstwhile ally Francisco de Miranda for making peace with his enemy Domingo de Monteverde, and he named Francisco Santander his vice president. This leader issued the Letter from Jamaica and won the Battle of Junin. After writing the Cartagena Manifesto, he led the Admirable Campaign, during which he issued the (*) Decree of War to the Death. This winner at the Battles of Carabobo and Boyac\u00e1 met Jos\u00e9 de San Martin at the Guayaquil Conference. For ten points, identify this leader who liberated much of South America and established Gran Colombia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 240 ], [ 241, 312 ], [ 313, 441 ], [ 442, 543 ], [ 544, 647 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "matrix {determinant}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of these operations named after Vandermonde can be computed to give the product of pairwise differences of a set of numbers, and the Wronskian one will show independence of functions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Determinant", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517422", "qanta_id": 66968, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these operations named after Vandermonde can be computed to give the product of pairwise differences of a set of numbers, and the Wronskian one will show independence of functions. Doing this operation upon vectors of a parallelogram yields its area. The solutions to a set of linear equations can be expressed as quotients of these entities, according to (*) Cramer's Rule. This value may be calculated for larger inputs through \"expansion by minors.\" For ten points, name this value associated with a square matrix, which for a 2-by-2 matrix has value a times d minus b times c.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 257 ], [ 258, 381 ], [ 382, 458 ], [ 458, 570 ], [ 571, 576 ], [ 577, 584 ], [ 585, 587 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "John {Steinbeck}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, a non-functioning vacuum is given to Sweets Ramirez by Danny, the friend of Pilon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Steinbeck", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551742e", "qanta_id": 66980, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's novels, a non-functioning vacuum is given to Sweets Ramirez by Danny, the friend of Pilon. Another of his characters is based on marine biologist Ed Ricketts, and that novel sees Lee Chong, Dora Flood, and Mack help throw a party for Doc. In addition to Tortilla Flat and (*) Cannery Row, this author wrote a novel in which Curley's wife is accidentally killed by the giant, dimwitted Lennie, and in another of his works, the Joads travel west due to the Dust Bowl. For ten points, name this American author of Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 262 ], [ 263, 295 ], [ 296, 297 ], [ 297, 299 ], [ 300, 491 ], [ 491, 576 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{capacitor}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A certain quantity for spherical objects of this type is inversely proportional to the difference in reciprocals of the radii.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Capacitor", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551742f", "qanta_id": 66981, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A certain quantity for spherical objects of this type is inversely proportional to the difference in reciprocals of the radii. These objects stop working when the breakdown voltage is reached. The time constant in systems with one of these objects and a resistor is equal to the resistance times a namesake quantity. That quantity is equal to permittivity times area divided by distance for a (*) parallel-plate one, is measured in farads, and can be increased by inserting a dielectric. For ten points, identify these circuit elements whose namesake unit equals charge over voltage, which store energy in an electric field.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 192 ], [ 193, 316 ], [ 317, 487 ], [ 488, 624 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Marc {Chagall}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A half-male, half-female crucified figure looks down at a Nazi officer in this artist's Apocalypse in Lilac, Capriccio, and a massive chandelier is located at the center of this artist's colorful paintings on the ceiling of the Paris Opera House.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marc_Chagall", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517435", "qanta_id": 66987, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A half-male, half-female crucified figure looks down at a Nazi officer in this artist's Apocalypse in Lilac, Capriccio, and a massive chandelier is located at the center of this artist's colorful paintings on the ceiling of the Paris Opera House. The Lithuanian flag flaps while a synagogue burns in one of his paintings, while the Eiffel Tower can be seen through a window in another of his works. In addition to (*) White Crucifixion and Self-Portrait with Seven Fingers, this man is most famous for a painting in which a woman stands upside-down playing violin while a green man is face-to-face with a goat. For ten points, identify this Russian-born artist of I and the Village.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 246 ], [ 247, 398 ], [ 399, 610 ], [ 611, 682 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Benjamin Britten", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His early career included collaborations with W. H. Auden, including their Hymn to Saint Cecilia. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benjamin_Britten", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517466", "qanta_id": 67036, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His early career included collaborations with W. H. Auden, including their Hymn to Saint Cecilia. His comic opera Gloriana was written for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. His 1945 opera, Peter Grimes established him as a leading operatic composer, and was followed by other works, such as The Turn of the Screw and Billy Budd. His magnum opus was subtitled Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Purcell. For ten points, identify this British composer of A Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 99, 178 ], [ 179, 334 ], [ 335, 410 ], [ 410, 500 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Torque", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The angular momentum of a system is conserved when this quantity is zero.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Torque", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551746c", "qanta_id": 67042, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The angular momentum of a system is conserved when this quantity is zero. According to Newton's second law concerning rigid bodies, the sum of this force on a body is equivalent to the product of said body's moment of inertia and its net angular acceleration. For ten points, what is this physical quantity with units of newton\u00admeters \u00ad the rotational analogue of force?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 259 ], [ 260, 370 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Margaret Meade", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Not unlike the Fresh Prince of Bel Air, she was born and raised in Philadelphia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517490", "qanta_id": 67078, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Not unlike the Fresh Prince of Bel Air, she was born and raised in Philadelphia. Five years after her death in 1978, Derek Freeman published a work subtitled The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth, challening all of her major conclusions. A pupil of Franz Boas, FTP, who was this author of Coming of Age in Samoa?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 251 ], [ 252, 326 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "self\u00adactualization (prompt on early \u201cpyramid of needs\u201d or \u201chierarchy of needs\u201d buzz)", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Because of the various subtleties included in the creator's theory, many critics of psychological theory have concluded that this term is merely nothing more than psychobabble.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Abraham_Maslow", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055174ad", "qanta_id": 67107, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Because of the various subtleties included in the creator's theory, many critics of psychological theory have concluded that this term is merely nothing more than psychobabble. Some characteristics of people distplaying this trait include a fully internalized sense of morality, as well as a closeness to people and a general appreciation for life. For ten points, what is this term, the apex to Abraham Maslow's pyramid of needs?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 348 ], [ 349, 430 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Gibbs Free Energy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Often used for determing the internal energy of a system in an open container at constant pressure, this concept is calculated by subtracting the product of temperature and energy change from the change in enthalpy in a given system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gibbs_free_energy", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055174b5", "qanta_id": 67115, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Often used for determing the internal energy of a system in an open container at constant pressure, this concept is calculated by subtracting the product of temperature and energy change from the change in enthalpy in a given system. The quantity of energy available for doing useful work is \u2013 for ten points \u2013 what \"free energy\" symbolized by the letter \"g\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 233 ], [ 234, 359 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "James Fenimore Cooper", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His career began when he made a bet with his wife that he could write a better book than the one he was then reading.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Fenimore_Cooper", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055174bc", "qanta_id": 67122, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His career began when he made a bet with his wife that he could write a better book than the one he was then reading. The book that resulted from this wager, Precaution, sold poorly; however, his follow\u00adup The Spy did well enough to allow him to quit farming and write for a living. Noted for works of pioneer life, at age 34 he published the first American sea tale, The Pilot. FTP, who is this author infinitely better\u00adknown for The Prairie, The Pioneers, The Pathfinder, The Deerslayer, and The Last of the Mohicans?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 282 ], [ 283, 378 ], [ 379, 520 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Mughal or Mogul Dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Among the rulers of this dynasty was Humayun, the son and successor of the founder, and Aurangzeb, whose intolerance led to its ultimate downfall.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mughal_Empire", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055174e0", "qanta_id": 67158, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Among the rulers of this dynasty was Humayun, the son and successor of the founder, and Aurangzeb, whose intolerance led to its ultimate downfall. Its leadership oversaw the persecution of the Jains, as well as constrcution of the Taj Mahal. This dynasty consisted of descendents of the Mongols Timur and Genghis Khan, including Shah Jahan. For ten points, identify this Indian dynasty founded in 1526 by Babur.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 241 ], [ 242, 340 ], [ 341, 411 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Venice", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this city's greatest annual ceremonies was created by Pope Alexander III, after the city aided his forces against those of Frederick Barbarossa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venice", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055174ed", "qanta_id": 67171, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this city's greatest annual ceremonies was created by Pope Alexander III, after the city aided his forces against those of Frederick Barbarossa. On Ascension Day, it was traditional for the head of state to be rowed out to sea in the official barge, known as the Bucentaur. In the presence of this city's nobility and foreign diplomats, the head of state would throw a ring into the Adriatic, symbolizing the marriage of the city to the sea. For ten points, name the city\u00adstate whose leader was called the Doge and where one is most likely to ride a gondola.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 280 ], [ 281, 448 ], [ 449, 565 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Tezcatlipoca (tez\u00adCAHT\u00adli\u00adPO\u00adka)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His glyph is tecpatl (tek\u00adPAH\u00adtel), the obsidian knife, and his two forms, Yaotl (yah\u00adOHtel) and Tepochtli (the\u00ad POHCH\u00adtli), symbolize his dual roles as warrior\u00adpoet and traitor. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tezcatlipoca", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055174fc", "qanta_id": 67186, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His glyph is tecpatl (tek\u00adPAH\u00adtel), the obsidian knife, and his two forms, Yaotl (yah\u00adOHtel) and Tepochtli (the\u00ad POHCH\u00adtli), symbolize his dual roles as warrior\u00adpoet and traitor. Two of the most important myths about him concern his seduction of the love goddess Xochiquetzal (SHO\u00adchi\u00adket\u00adSAHL) and his expulsion from Tula, where he was lord of the Toltec pantheon. His name is Nahuatl (nah\u00adWAH\u00adtel) for \"Smoking Mirror\" and is derived from his shining breastplate. For ten points identify this jaguar\u00adgod, the jealous younger brother and archnemesis of Xolotl (sho\u00adLOH\u00adtel) and Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec god of night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 180, 366 ], [ 367, 466 ], [ 467, 617 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Marc {Chagall}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The artist's works include one where a woman holding a bouquet of flowers is leaning forward to kiss a man bent unnaturally in mid-air.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marc_Chagall", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551750f", "qanta_id": 67205, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The artist's works include one where a woman holding a bouquet of flowers is leaning forward to kiss a man bent unnaturally in mid-air. In addition to The Birthday, he depicted his wife standing over a man holding the arms of his daughter amidst a forest of green in Bella with a White Collar, while houses are being burned by a red flag-bearing mob as a menorah lies at the feet of the central figure of his painting The White Crucifixion. The most famous work by this painter has an upside down violinist in its center while a goat is being milked in the cheek of a larger goat, who is staring at a green-faced man. FTP, name this Russian-born French painter of I and the Village.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 440 ], [ 441, 617 ], [ 618, 682 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Demeter}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "She placed one of her sons in the heavens as the constellation Bootes, and she also turned Lyncus of Scythia into a lynx after he tried to kill her student Triptolemus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Demeter", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517526", "qanta_id": 67228, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "She placed one of her sons in the heavens as the constellation Bootes, and she also turned Lyncus of Scythia into a lynx after he tried to kill her student Triptolemus. Her liaison with the titan Iasion in a thrice-plowed field resulted in the birth of Plutus. In one story, she disguises herself as the old woman Doso, and is taken in by King Celeus of Elusis. She plans to reward him by making his son Demophon immortal, but she was interrupted by Metanira when she was about to put him in a fire. She came upon this family while traveling the world searching for her kidnapped child. FTP, name this Greek agricultural goddess whose daughter Persephone was kidnapped by Hades.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 260 ], [ 261, 361 ], [ 362, 499 ], [ 500, 586 ], [ 587, 678 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Federico {Garcia Lorca}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Among this writer's poetry is a free-verse poem about the black experience in America entitled \"The King of Harlem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Federico_Garc\u00eda_Lorca", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551753f", "qanta_id": 67253, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Among this writer's poetry is a free-verse poem about the black experience in America entitled \"The King of Harlem.\" That poem and others are contained in his collection The Poet in New York, while other collections of this man's poetry include Divan and Other Writings and Gypsy Ballads. In this writer's first play, the title insect abandons a cockroach who falls in love with her, while another play chronicles the relationship between the oppresive titulat matriarch and her four daughters and ends with Adela's suicide. His most famous play ends with the deaths of Leonardo and the Bridegroom, and with the previous play and Yerma forms his so-called \"Rural trilogy.\" For ten points, identify this Spanish writer, best known for plays such as The House of Bernarda Alba and Blood Wedding", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 115, 288 ], [ 289, 524 ], [ 525, 671 ], [ 671, 792 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Utilitarianism}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the introductory section to this work, entitled \"General Remarks,\" the author contends that the titular idea had been advanced by Socrates against the sophistry of Protagoras.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Utilitarianism", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517554", "qanta_id": 67274, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the introductory section to this work, entitled \"General Remarks,\" the author contends that the titular idea had been advanced by Socrates against the sophistry of Protagoras. In this work's fourth chapter, the author discusses the proof necessary to justify the central concept of this work, claiming that it does not deny that people desire virtue, while this work's last chapter connects the titular philosophy to justice. More famously, this work's second chapter claims that it is \"better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied\" and explains what the titular philosophy \"is\" by outlining the Greatest Happiness Principle. For ten points, identify this philosophical treatise extending a Benthamite philosophy, written by John Stuart Mill.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 428 ], [ 429, 640 ], [ 641, 757 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Felix {Mendelssohn}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Basilio saves his lover Quiteria from being forced to marry the title character in this composer's comic opera The Marriage of Camacho, while he wrote the Elijah oratorio a year after his opus 66, Piano Trio No. 2 in C minor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551755e", "qanta_id": 67284, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Basilio saves his lover Quiteria from being forced to marry the title character in this composer's comic opera The Marriage of Camacho, while he wrote the Elijah oratorio a year after his opus 66, Piano Trio No. 2 in C minor. This composer struggled to complete his sole violin concerto in E minor after a request from King Frederick William IV, finished near the completion of eight volumes of six pieces for solo piano as part of his Songs without Words. A trip to Fingal's Cave inspired his Hebrides Overture, and he wrote a Wedding March as part of incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream. FTP, name this German composer of the \"Scottish,\" \"Italian,\" and \"Reformation\" Symphonies?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 225 ], [ 226, 456 ], [ 457, 600 ], [ 601, 691 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{All Quiet on the Western Front}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work notes that a dog trained to eat potatoes will still grab at meat if given the chance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551756d", "qanta_id": 67299, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work notes that a dog trained to eat potatoes will still grab at meat if given the chance. That character, Kat, later helps the protagonist steal geese after Kropp and Tjaden are given jail time due to their actions toward Himmelstoss, who had earlier been beaten on his way back from a pub for his cruel actions against the bedwetters. After the death of M\u00fcller, the protagonist receives the boots once owned by Kemmerich, who, along with the protagonist, had been persuaded by Kantorek to show his patriotism by joining the German forces. Paul Baumer is the protagonist of, FTP, which World War I novel by Erich Maria Remarque?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 358 ], [ 359, 562 ], [ 563, 651 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Robert {Schumann}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His only opera, which was performed three times to critical derision, details the exploits of the legendary 8th century heroine Genevieve of Barabant.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Schumann", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551758e", "qanta_id": 67332, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His only opera, which was performed three times to critical derision, details the exploits of the legendary 8th century heroine Genevieve of Barabant. In addition to Genoveva, he also published a set of 13 variations on a theme of Baron von Fricken, the Symphonic Etudes. His first opus was Variations on the Name \"Abegg\", but he's more famous for his Opus 2, which represents a masque ball, and Papillions, which was published after his marriage to Clara Weick. FTP, name this German 19th-century romantic composer of the Spring Symphony, probably most famous for his Symphony No. 3 in E-flat, the Rhenish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 271 ], [ 272, 462 ], [ 463, 607 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Death in Venice} or {Der Tod in Venedig}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The main character of this work gets a desire to travel when he meets a redheaded man outside of a Byzantine mortuary chapel; another redhead appears as a member of a musical group in the hotel in which the main character is staying. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_in_Venice", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055175c8", "qanta_id": 67390, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The main character of this work gets a desire to travel when he meets a redheaded man outside of a Byzantine mortuary chapel; another redhead appears as a member of a musical group in the hotel in which the main character is staying. The protagonist has a daydream about Socrates trying to woo Phaedrus, and he compares the object of his affection to both Eros and Narcissus. He first encounters this love interest, wearing a sailor suit, when he arrives in a hotel on the Lido island. At the end of this work, the protagonist dies of a cholera epidemic besieging the title city. FTP, name this work about Gustav von Aschenbach's love for the 15-year-old Tadzio, by Thomas Mann.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 235 ], [ 235, 378 ], [ 378, 489 ], [ 489, 584 ], [ 584, 682 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{semiconductor}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Czochralski process can be used to obtain very small parts of these materials, while various recombination processes for them include photon exchange and one named after Auger.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Semiconductor", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055175e7", "qanta_id": 67421, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Czochralski process can be used to obtain very small parts of these materials, while various recombination processes for them include photon exchange and one named after Auger. The drift mobility and diffusion coefficient of excess carriers in this kind of material can be measured by the Haynes-Shockley experiment, while Anderson's rule is used to construct diagrams of the heterojunction between two materials of this type. Whether these materials contain a negative or positively charged current carrier distinguishes the N- and P-types, while adding impurities to their crystal lattices is known as doping. FTP, name these materials which are often found in diodes and transistors and have electrical conductivities between that of insulators and conductors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 430 ], [ 431, 615 ], [ 616, 767 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{dog}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Jose Saramago's Blindness, the doctor's wife embraces this kind of creature, described as \"with tears,\" after she gets lost upon leaving the supermarket.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055175e9", "qanta_id": 67423, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Jose Saramago's Blindness, the doctor's wife embraces this kind of creature, described as \"with tears,\" after she gets lost upon leaving the supermarket. In Aristophanes's The Wasps, Bdelycleon defends Labes, this type of creature, from Philocleon's accusation that it stole a piece of Sicilian cheese. Montmorency is this type of animal, of which nothing is said in Jerome Jerome's Three Men in a Boat. In a play by William Inge, Lola Delaney has lost her Sheba, who is this type of animal, while John Steinbeck wrote about his own animal of this type in Travels with Charley. The protagonist of \"To Build a Fire\" tries to kill his own pet, which is, FTP, what kind of animal, another of which was named Buck in Jack London's Call of the Wild?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 305 ], [ 306, 406 ], [ 407, 580 ], [ 581, 747 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Chile}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Cerro Mac\u00e1 stratovolcano can be found north of the Ays\u00e9n Fjord in this country, and the Chonos Archipelago is separated from the mainland of this country by the Moraleda Channel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chile", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055175ec", "qanta_id": 67426, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Cerro Mac\u00e1 stratovolcano can be found north of the Ays\u00e9n Fjord in this country, and the Chonos Archipelago is separated from the mainland of this country by the Moraleda Channel. Rivers in this country include the Biob\u00edo and the Petrohu\u00e9 rivers, the latter of which drains into Todos los Santos Lake. Lying atop the Nazca Plate and containing the port city of Antofagasta, it has sovereignty over both Easter Island and the Wollaston group, one island of which contains Cape Horn, and this country is also home to Punta Arenas, the world's southernmost city. The Andes covers a third of, FTP, which country, bordered by Bolivia and Argentina to the west, that is home to most of the Atacama Desert and has its capital at Quito? (move Antofagasta to later)", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 304 ], [ 305, 562 ], [ 563, 731 ], [ 732, 759 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Cherenkov} effect or radiation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The STACEE (\"Stay-cee\") experiment uses this effect to study properties of blazars and supernovae.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cherenkov_radiation", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca9055175f9", "qanta_id": 67439, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The STACEE (\"Stay-cee\") experiment uses this effect to study properties of blazars and supernovae. A special case of it occurs with a zero minimum particle velocity; this only can occur in a periodic medium, and is called the Smith-Purcell Effect. Its intensity can be calculated from the Frank-Tamm formula, and in general, it creates a continuous spectrum with no peaks. The distinctive pattern generated by this effect is used to characterize neutrinos in the Super-K apparatus. Often called the electromagnetic equivalent of a sonic boom , FTP, this is what effect that occurs when charged particles pass through a medium faster than the speed of light in that medium, named for a Russian 1958 Nobelist, that is responsible for the blue glow of nuclear reactors?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 247 ], [ 248, 372 ], [ 373, 481 ], [ 482, 766 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "The {Red and the Black }or Le {rouge et le noir}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Because of a family legend, the protagonist of this work has his head buried in a cave later decorated with Italian marble.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Red_and_the_Black", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517605", "qanta_id": 67451, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Because of a family legend, the protagonist of this work has his head buried in a cave later decorated with Italian marble. Also present at the funeral is Fouqu\u00e9, who had tried to persuade the protagonist to join him in the lumber business. However, tutoring the mayor's children eventually results in an affair that ends with a letter from Valenod, and the protagonist later on engages in an affair with the daughter of Comte de La Mole after Abb\u00e9 Pirard and the protagonist leave the seminary. The protagonist is sentenced to death for firing two shots at Madame de R\u00eanal, who prevented his marriage to Mathilde, but she dies three days after the execution of her former lover Julien Sorel. The army and the church represent the title colors of, FTP, which novel by Stendhal?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 240 ], [ 241, 495 ], [ 496, 692 ], [ 693, 777 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{piezoelectricity} or {piezoelectric} effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Mitsui model can be used to calculate effects of this property, while its converse was first mathematically predicted by Gabriel Lippman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Piezoelectricity", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca90551760e", "qanta_id": 67460, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Mitsui model can be used to calculate effects of this property, while its converse was first mathematically predicted by Gabriel Lippman. This property is the operational principle behind both the movement of the needle of a scanning electron microscope and the charge amplifier. Objects with this property, such as Rochelle salts, have very stable vibration periods, which allow it to be used in quartz watches, and all materials which exhibit ferroelectricity also exhibit this property, though the converse is not true. Discovered by Pierre and Jacques Curie and the opposite of electrostriction, this is, FTP, which effect, in which applying stress to a crystal results in the generation of a potential difference?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 283 ], [ 284, 526 ], [ 527, 722 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{thyroid} gland [accept {thyroxine}, {thyroid hormone}, or {T4} until the star]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The transport protein Oatp14 has been found to play a role in regulating the transport of one substance produced (*) by this organ across the blood brain barrier.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thyroid", "proto_id": "5476da97ea23cca905517611", "qanta_id": 67463, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The transport protein Oatp14 has been found to play a role in regulating the transport of one substance produced (*) by this organ across the blood brain barrier. Made up of two lobes connected by the isthmus, its follicles take 11 weeks during development to create colloid, which are rich in a glycoprotein that contains tyrosine residues. The attack of its cells by a body's own antibodies is a disease named after Hashimoto, and its parafollicular cells produce calcitonin in response to hypercalcemia. Overproduction of a certain hormone may result in Graves' disease, and having an enlarged one, perhaps coming from a lack of iodine, results in a goiter. FTP, name this endocrine gland which secretes hormones for growth and metabolism and is controlled by hypothalamus and pituitary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 341 ], [ 342, 506 ], [ 507, 660 ], [ 661, 790 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Steppenwolf}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The preface is relayed by man who entrusts the narrator with records labeled \"For Madmen Only.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Steppenwolf_(novel)", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517717", "qanta_id": 67724, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The preface is relayed by man who entrusts the narrator with records labeled \"For Madmen Only.\" The protagonist is suffering from \"the sickness of the times themselves\" and meets a drug-dealing saxophonist, who would rather listen to Mozart. The title character takes foxtrot lessons and picks up Maria. Later, the sentence of \"eternal life\" is handed down after an incident in a hall of mirrors, where Pablo's lover Hermine is stabbed by the title character. For 10 points, name this novel about Harry Haller, written by Herman Hesse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 94, 241 ], [ 242, 303 ], [ 304, 459 ], [ 460, 535 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{ether}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A proton-ionizable group is found in the \"lariat\" form of these compounds, which are NOT cleaved into carboxylic acids during a positive result in the Zeisel method.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517728", "qanta_id": 67741, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A proton-ionizable group is found in the \"lariat\" form of these compounds, which are NOT cleaved into carboxylic acids during a positive result in the Zeisel method. Lithium-containing compounds are used to transform them in the 1,2-Wittig rearrangement, and they easily undergo oxidation to form peroxides. An acid catalyst and two primary alcohols are needed in a condensation reaction to create these compounds while the most famous way to produce them involves nucleophilic substitution of an alkyl halide by an alkoxide. For 10 points, name this class of molecules with formula R-O-R that are produced in a reaction named for Williamson.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 307 ], [ 308, 525 ], [ 526, 642 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Henry Wadsworth {Longfellow}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The line, \"Into each life some rain must fall,\" comes from his early poem \"The Rainy Day\" from the collection \"Voices of the Night.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517757", "qanta_id": 67788, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The line, \"Into each life some rain must fall,\" comes from his early poem \"The Rainy Day\" from the collection \"Voices of the Night.\" Some of this man's other work includes The Spanish Student and Christus, while his poetry includes \"The Belfry of Bruges\" and \"The Golden Legend.\" After seven years of courting, he married his second wife, about whom he wrote \"The Cross of Snow\" and \"The Evening Star,\" this man's only love poem. This poet's more famous works include \"The Jewish Cemetery at Newport,\" \"The Psalm of Life,\" and an epic which takes place \"by the shores of Gitchee Gumee.\" For 10 points, name this poet who wrote \"The Song of Hiawatha.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 131, 132 ], [ 133, 279 ], [ 280, 429 ], [ 430, 586 ], [ 587, 650 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Napoleon}", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An Ani Difranco song with this title opens with the line \"They told you your music/could reach millions.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Napoleon", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551779c", "qanta_id": 67857, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An Ani Difranco song with this title opens with the line \"They told you your music/could reach millions.\" It names an irregular chess opening which develops the queen too early, likely contributing to its creator's loss against the Turk. It's the first name of the antiheroic murderer played by Darwin Joston in John Carpenter's Assault on Precinct 13 and the linebacker traded to the Minnesota Vikings in 2005 for Randy Moss. This first name also denotes a character who performed a dance to Jamiroquai's \"Canned Heat\" and is pretty good with a bowstaff. For 10 points, give this first name of a cinematic Idahoan played by Jon Heder, and of some short French dude.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 237 ], [ 238, 426 ], [ 427, 555 ], [ 556, 666 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Ben {Jonson}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote a play about a wealthy old man whose desire to disinherit his nephew, Dauphine, drives him to accidentally marry a boy disguised as a woman, Epicoene.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ben_Jonson", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca9055177a8", "qanta_id": 67869, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote a play about a wealthy old man whose desire to disinherit his nephew, Dauphine, drives him to accidentally marry a boy disguised as a woman, Epicoene. Another of his works describes the misadventures of a trio of friends, Littlewit, Quarlous, and Winwife, who drag Busy to a market in order to steal from his protection the widowed Dame Purecraft. That work, Bartholomew Fair, is probably less famous than another play in which Face cheats a series of fools by pretending to be a transmuter. For 10 points, name the playwright responsible for Every Man in His Humour, Volpone, and The Alchemist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 356 ], [ 357, 500 ], [ 501, 604 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Marathon}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the aftermath of this battle, the losing side travelled to the opponent's capital, believing it undefended, but the victorious army had beaten them back by one hour.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Marathon", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca9055177c9", "qanta_id": 67902, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the aftermath of this battle, the losing side travelled to the opponent's capital, believing it undefended, but the victorious army had beaten them back by one hour. The winning side captured seven of the opponent's ships, though Cynaegirus had his hand removed by an axe during one such capture and died soon after, and lost just 192 men as opposed to approximately six thousand of the opponent. Callimachus died during it, ensuring that Miltiades got the credit for the victory. For 10 points, name this 490 BC battle in which the Greeks defeated the Persians, after which Phidippides ran back to Athens carrying the news.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 399 ], [ 400, 483 ], [ 484, 627 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Zeeman} effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Quadratic consequences of this effect can be measured by the Briet-Rabi formula, and in astronomy, it can be replaced by the Hanle effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zeeman_effect", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca9055177d1", "qanta_id": 67910, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Quadratic consequences of this effect can be measured by the Briet-Rabi formula, and in astronomy, it can be replaced by the Hanle effect. It can be studied with a Fabry-Perot interferometer, and one type of it occurs when the total spin of the initial or final state is nonzero, which is known as the anomalous version. Another type of it generates three closely spaced doublets and is known as the Paschen-Back effect. For 10 points, name this effect in which the spectral lines of an atom are split when placed in an external magnetic field, the analogue of the Stark effect.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 320 ], [ 321, 420 ], [ 421, 578 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Eugene {O\u2019Neill}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of one of this man's plays conceives a child with her physician after aborting her husband's baby, fearing the insanity that runs in the family of her husband, Sam Evans.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca9055177df", "qanta_id": 67924, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of one of this man's plays conceives a child with her physician after aborting her husband's baby, fearing the insanity that runs in the family of her husband, Sam Evans. He also wrote about Hattie Harris and Ella Downey, two women who display inconsistent racist tendencies. In addition to a work about Ned Darrell and Nina Leeds, this author also wrote another work in which Ephraim's new wife Abbie has an affair with Ephraim's son Eben. For 10 points, identify this playwright who wrote Strange Interlude, All God's Chillun Got Wings, and Desire Under the Elms in addition to Mourning Becomes Electra and Long Day's Journey Into Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 186 ], [ 187, 291 ], [ 292, 456 ], [ 457, 655 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Martin {Heidegger}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This philosopher used a pair of shoes from a van Gogh painting to distinguish real things from art in his The Origin of the Work of Art, and he defined \"enframing\" as the essence of the title entity in The Question Concerning Technology.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Heidegger", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517840", "qanta_id": 68021, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher used a pair of shoes from a van Gogh painting to distinguish real things from art in his The Origin of the Work of Art, and he defined \"enframing\" as the essence of the title entity in The Question Concerning Technology. His thought underwent \"the turn\" shortly after works like \"What is Metaphysics?\" signaled his split from his mentor at Freiburg, who was the dedicatee of his first major work, which uses existence, thrownness, and fallenness to describe the temporality of the existence that he called dasein, or \"being-there.\" For 10 points, name this one-time assistant to Husserl, a Nazi-sympathizing forerunner of existentialism and author of Being and Time.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 237 ], [ 238, 548 ], [ 549, 683 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Demeter}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Sparta, she had the epithets \"the Avenger\" and \"the Black One.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Demeter", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517842", "qanta_id": 68023, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Sparta, she had the epithets \"the Avenger\" and \"the Black One.\" Triptolemus was her first priest, and she had the lover Iasion, to whom she bore Plutus. The Haloa festival was celebrated in her honor, as was the Thesmophoria. She is the addressee of one of the longest Homeric Hymns, which describes her role in the creation of the Eleusinian mysteries. A sister of Zeus but not an Olympian, she is sometimes depicted riding a chariot pulled by dragons. The Chloia was dedicated to her in her role as \"the green,\" the bringer of vegetation. For 10 points, identify this Greek goddess of grain and mother of Persephone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 155 ], [ 156, 228 ], [ 229, 356 ], [ 357, 456 ], [ 457, 543 ], [ 544, 621 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Calcium} (prompt on \u201cCa\u201d)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "It is secreted into the cytoplasm from the storage vesicles for it in the endoplasmic reticulum, and it controls paralbumin as well as troponin C. When it combines with cyclic AMP, it forms an important secondary messenger complex, and cyclic AMP controls the channels allowing this element into the cell.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Calcium", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517869", "qanta_id": 68062, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It is secreted into the cytoplasm from the storage vesicles for it in the endoplasmic reticulum, and it controls paralbumin as well as troponin C. When it combines with cyclic AMP, it forms an important secondary messenger complex, and cyclic AMP controls the channels allowing this element into the cell. Also found in gap junctions, perhaps its most important role is the induction of muscle contraction. FTP, name this biologically important element whose most familiar purpose may be its role in bone formation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 305 ], [ 306, 406 ], [ 407, 515 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Perseus}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Because of family trouble, he chose to conclude his life as king of Tiryns.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517871", "qanta_id": 68070, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Because of family trouble, he chose to conclude his life as king of Tiryns. This followed his fulfilling prophecy at Larissa and his defeat of Phineus and a band of men to win his wife. As an adult he accidentally gave rise to the vipers of the African desert, while as a youth he grew up on the island Seriphos, whose ruler Polydectes sent him on a famous quest. The quest culminated in his killing of his grandfather Acrisius and his quiet life thereafter with Andromeda. FTP, name this son of Danae who used the reflection of a shield to kill Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 185 ], [ 186, 363 ], [ 364, 473 ], [ 474, 553 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Nernst} equation.", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One use is to determine the electric potential need to maintain a given ion concentration across a membrane.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nernst_equation", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551788d", "qanta_id": 68098, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One use is to determine the electric potential need to maintain a given ion concentration across a membrane. Some pH meters use it to determine the concentration of hydrogen ions by measuring the voltage on an electrode. However, it is most often used in the other direction, when ion concentrations are known, and electrode potential is not. FTP, identify this equation, namesake of a German physical chemist, which predicts cell voltage under non- standard conditions of temperature and concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 220 ], [ 221, 342 ], [ 343, 503 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Simon {Bolivar}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His wife outlived him and started a thriving local business selling sweets and tobacco.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sim\u00f3n_Bol\u00edvar", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551793a", "qanta_id": 68271, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His wife outlived him and started a thriving local business selling sweets and tobacco. His second defeat came at the hands of the llaneros, local cowboys led by his former subordinate Boves. Following that he regrouped and formed a new association with Paez and Santander, and used their help to win stunning victory at Boyaca. Thus, he began to implement the first phase of the plan outlined in his \"Letter from Jamaica.\" Victory at Carabobo completed much of his military time as he turned the operations over to Antonio Jose de Sucre. FTP, name this man who freed Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela from Spanish rule.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 191 ], [ 192, 328 ], [ 329, 422 ], [ 422, 538 ], [ 539, 619 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Rene {Descartes}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He claimed that the principal goal of philosophy was to direct the mind to come to sound judgments, and he corresponded with Princess Elisabeth on the virtues of happiness and wrote about them in The Passions of the Soul.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517a4c", "qanta_id": 68544, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He claimed that the principal goal of philosophy was to direct the mind to come to sound judgments, and he corresponded with Princess Elisabeth on the virtues of happiness and wrote about them in The Passions of the Soul. However, he may be best known for his Meditations on First Philosophy, where his most famous statement appears. Also a tutor to Queen Christina of Sweden, for 10 points, name this French philosopher who asserted that he knew he existed because he thought.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 221 ], [ 222, 333 ], [ 334, 477 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{viscosity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Dividing by density allows one to calculate its kinematic variety from the dynamic variety.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517a63", "qanta_id": 68566, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Dividing by density allows one to calculate its kinematic variety from the dynamic variety. The constant of proportionality in Poiseuille's Law, it generally decreases with temperature and it can be defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain rate. Measured in either stokes or poises, it arises due to internal friction in a fluid. For 10 points, name this generalized resistance of fluids to flow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 257 ], [ 258, 341 ], [ 342, 408 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Willa {Cather}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The 1905 publication of The Troll Garden, her first collection of stories, landed her a job as an editor at McClure's Magazine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willa_Cather", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517a6a", "qanta_id": 68573, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The 1905 publication of The Troll Garden, her first collection of stories, landed her a job as an editor at McClure's Magazine. She tells of a young engineer in her first novel Alexander's Bridge and depicts strong characters such as Thea Kronborg in The Song of the Lark and Jean Latour in Death Comes for the Archbishop. For 10 points, name this prairie-loving author of My Antonia and O Pioneers!", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 322 ], [ 323, 399 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "The {Three Musketeers}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first of the title characters of this novel is detained by a sword fight at Chantilly, the second becomes ill and cannot continue past Crevecoeur, and the third is besieged in the Golden Lily at Amiens.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Three_Musketeers", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517a75", "qanta_id": 68584, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first of the title characters of this novel is detained by a sword fight at Chantilly, the second becomes ill and cannot continue past Crevecoeur, and the third is besieged in the Golden Lily at Amiens. Despite the machinations of Lady de Winter, this novel still sees Planchet and his master arrive safely in London and successfully contact the Duke of Buckingham to accomplish their mission. Centering on young d'Artagnan, Athos, Porthos, and Aramis, for 10 points, name this novel by Alexandre Dumas fils.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 397 ], [ 398, 512 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Doppler} effect (or shift)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the Mossbauer effect, this phenomenon is responsible for the suppression of nuclear recoil during photon emission, and its second-order, or transverse, variety exists only in relativistic systems.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517a84", "qanta_id": 68599, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the Mossbauer effect, this phenomenon is responsible for the suppression of nuclear recoil during photon emission, and its second-order, or transverse, variety exists only in relativistic systems. Responsible for the characteristic red shift observed for receding galaxies, this phenomenon is the frequency change in a signal between a source and a receiver that are moving relative to each other. For 10 points, name this effect whose acoustic version manifests as the sudden pitch change heard in a passing train whistle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 400 ], [ 401, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "George {Orwell} [accept Eric Arthur {Blair} prior to last clue]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His shorter writings include \"Shooting An Elephant,\" an essay based on his experiences as a police officer in Burma, and \"Politics and the English Language,\" a critique of the state of writing in Britain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Orwell", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517a94", "qanta_id": 68615, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His shorter writings include \"Shooting An Elephant,\" an essay based on his experiences as a police officer in Burma, and \"Politics and the English Language,\" a critique of the state of writing in Britain. While he wrote about social inequalities in Down and Out in Paris and London, he also wrote an allegory about the Russian Revolution on the Manor Farm. For 10 points, name this man born Eric Arthur Blair, the author of Animal Farm.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 356 ], [ 357, 436 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Bertrand {Russell}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His namesake paradox undermines axiomatic set theory, and he was fined and fired from Trinity College in 1916 as a result of anti-war protests.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517a9a", "qanta_id": 68621, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His namesake paradox undermines axiomatic set theory, and he was fined and fired from Trinity College in 1916 as a result of anti-war protests. The simple and ramified theory types appear in his Mysticism and Logic, and his last major work was the long treatise Human Knowledge. Also known for a long History of Western Philosophy, he may be most famous for his collaboration with Alfred North Whitehead. For 10 points, name this British mathematician and philosopher, co-author of Principia Mathematica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 278 ], [ 279, 404 ], [ 405, 504 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{torque}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Equal to the time derivative of angular momentum, it arises when forces are applied at a distance from the center of mass.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Torque", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517aa4", "qanta_id": 68631, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Equal to the time derivative of angular momentum, it arises when forces are applied at a distance from the center of mass. In machines it can be measured with a dynamometer. Also equal to the cross product of the dipole moment and the magnetic field for a current-carrying coil, the net amount of it sums to zero in any kind of statics problem. Defined as the cross product of a force and its lever arm, for 10 points, name this quantity, the rotational analog of force.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 173 ], [ 174, 344 ], [ 345, 470 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Koran} [or {Alcoran} or {Qur\u2019an}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Its shortest chapter contains 3 verses while the longest of the 114 chapters contains 306 verses.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quran", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517abd", "qanta_id": 68656, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its shortest chapter contains 3 verses while the longest of the 114 chapters contains 306 verses. These chapters, generally known as surahs, were compiled shortly after 632 AD into a collection whose authorized version was produced in the 650s under the direction of Uthman ibn Affan, along with the hadith. For 10 points, name this sacred scripture of Islam.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 307 ], [ 308, 359 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Edward {Albee}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Minor works of this playwright include The Sandbox and The Death of Bessie Smith, and he adapted Carson McCullers' Ballad of the Sad Caf\u00e9 for the stage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Albee", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517ac1", "qanta_id": 68660, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Minor works of this playwright include The Sandbox and The Death of Bessie Smith, and he adapted Carson McCullers' Ballad of the Sad Caf\u00e9 for the stage. Harry and Edna carry a strange psychic plague in A Delicate Balance, and the females A, B, and C are the title characters of his Pulitzer-winning play Three Tall Women. The creator of Seascape, for 10 points, name this Tony- Award-winning American dramatist, author of 1961's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 321 ], [ 322, 377 ], [ 378, 428 ], [ 429, 461 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Ieoh Ming {Pei}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After receiving a master's degree from Harvard, this man worked with William Zeckendorf, producing large-scale public housing projects.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I._M._Pei", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517ace", "qanta_id": 68673, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After receiving a master's degree from Harvard, this man worked with William Zeckendorf, producing large-scale public housing projects. He also worked with Cobb and Free at his own firm, later designing the JFK library in Boston and numerous buildings at his alma mater, MIT. Perhaps better known for designing the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, he won the Pritzker Prize in 1983, ten years before the completion of arguably his most famous work, the glass pyramid at the Louvre. For 10 points, name this Chinese- American architect.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 275 ], [ 276, 489 ], [ 490, 543 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Catherine II} or {Catherine the Great}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The so-called \"Greek Project\" was a program of this ruler, who also organized a league to defend neutral shipping to Great Britain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catherine_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517ad2", "qanta_id": 68677, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The so-called \"Greek Project\" was a program of this ruler, who also organized a league to defend neutral shipping to Great Britain. This monarch's first war with the Turks ended with the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji, but her major attempts at reforms ceased after Pugachev's rebellion. Coming to power with the help of Grigory Orlov in overthrowing her husband Peter III in 1762, for 10 points, name this supposedly \"enlightened despot\" of Russia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 282 ], [ 283, 444 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{precession}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The perihelion of Mercury exhibited this phenomenon, which was successfully explained by general relativity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Precession", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517ad4", "qanta_id": 68679, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The perihelion of Mercury exhibited this phenomenon, which was successfully explained by general relativity. The Larmor variety occurs due to alignment of magnetic moments in a magnetic field, and it is often associated with nutation. Occurring when a torque is applied perpendicular to the angular momentum vector and responsible for wobbling motion, for 10 points, name this phenomenon responsible for the motion of a top.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 234 ], [ 235, 424 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{All Quiet on the Western Front}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the repeated passing of Kemmerich's boots serves to represent the transience of human life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517ad7", "qanta_id": 68682, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, the repeated passing of Kemmerich's boots serves to represent the transience of human life. Kindervater and Tjaden are forced to share a bunk by the cruel Himmelstoss, and Joseph Behm's death results in the distrust of Kantorek's rhetoric. Muller and Kat are the practical, resourceful soldiers, while the protagonist serves as the author's mouthpiece for illustrating the horrors of war. For 10 points, name this novel focusing on Paul Baumer's experiences in World War I, written by Erich Maria Remarque.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 254 ], [ 255, 403 ], [ 404, 521 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Bah\u00e1'\u00ed}sm", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Centered at the Universal House of Justice in Haifa, Israel, its fundamental tenets are set forth in works like The Book of Certitude.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517af4", "qanta_id": 68711, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Centered at the Universal House of Justice in Haifa, Israel, its fundamental tenets are set forth in works like The Book of Certitude. Its founder became a follower of the Bab at the age of twenty-seven, and began to preach tolerance and acceptance to all. This faith recognizes the divinity of Abraham, Zoroaster, Moses, Krishna, Jesus, and Muhammad, claiming that its founder is the latest manifestation of the divine. For 10 points, name this \"universal religion\" founded in 1863 by Bah\u0101'Ull\u0101h.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 256 ], [ 257, 420 ], [ 421, 497 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "The {Trial} (or Der {Prozess})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel, Montag, moves in with Burnster in an act that the protagonist feels suspicious about.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Trial", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b05", "qanta_id": 68728, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel, Montag, moves in with Burnster in an act that the protagonist feels suspicious about. Another character in this work has been stagnantly patient for 5 years; that man, Block, is working with Huld. In the next to last chapter of this book, a priest relates a parable of a man who waits outside a (*) door to gain entrance to the law. The protagonist of this work fools around with Leni and purchases three paintings, all of the same thing, from Titorelli. That protagonist is murdered \"like a dog\" at the end of this novel. For 10 points, name this novel by Franz Kafka about a man who is arrested one day, Josef K.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 225 ], [ 226, 361 ], [ 362, 483 ], [ 484, 551 ], [ 552, 643 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The Tale of {Genji} (or {Genji }Monogatari)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work's translation by Arthur Waley is less literal than the more recent translation by Royall Tyler.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tale_of_Genji", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b08", "qanta_id": 68731, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work's translation by Arthur Waley is less literal than the more recent translation by Royall Tyler. One character's descendants include Niou, and another character performs the \"Waves of the Blue Sea\" dance. The death of one character in this work is signified by the blank chapter (*) \"Vanished Into the Clouds\". The Minister of the Right opposes the political ideals of Emperor Kiritsubo in this work. The title character of this work marries Princess Aoi and carries on an affair with Fujitsobo. For 10 points, name this Japanese work written in the Heian Period, by Lady Murasaki.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 213 ], [ 214, 319 ], [ 320, 409 ], [ 410, 504 ], [ 505, 590 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The {Unbearable Lightness of Being}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel receives a lot of heat for publishing an article about Oedipus, and this novel contains a \"Dictionary of Misunderstood Words\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Unbearable_Lightness_of_Being", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b14", "qanta_id": 68743, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this novel receives a lot of heat for publishing an article about Oedipus, and this novel contains a \"Dictionary of Misunderstood Words\". In a chapter of this novel called \"The Grand March\", a group of activists come all the way up to the Cambodian border and then are sent home. Much of this novel derides and defines \"kitsch\"; the last part of this novel is named after the \"smile\" of a dying dog, (*) Karenin. One character in this novel has an encounter while wearing only a bowler hat; that character, Sabina, is the lover of Franz. For 10 points, name this novel in which Tomas is married to Tereza, a work by Milan Kundera.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 296 ], [ 297, 429 ], [ 430, 554 ], [ 555, 647 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Ra} (or {Re})", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Two of this god's possessions were known as Mandjet and Mesektet, and he was assisted by Mehen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ra", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b21", "qanta_id": 68756, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two of this god's possessions were known as Mandjet and Mesektet, and he was assisted by Mehen. One child of this god has a name meaning \"Emptiness', has the head of a lion, and was born, along with his sister, when this god sneezed. The cult of the Mnevis bull was sacred to this god. This god became distressed by the disappearance of his children (*) Shu and Tefnut, and Isis once created a serpent in order to find out this god's secret name. This god had to fight the serpent Apep during the evenings, and was reborn each day as he drove his boat across the sky. For 10 points, name this falcon-headed Egyptian deity who was the god of the sun.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 233 ], [ 234, 285 ], [ 286, 446 ], [ 447, 567 ], [ 568, 649 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{insulin}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This compound is synthesized by prohormone convertases 1 and 2 acting upon a precursor molecule.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Insulin", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b25", "qanta_id": 68760, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This compound is synthesized by prohormone convertases 1 and 2 acting upon a precursor molecule. Regulatory sequences on the gene that codes for this compound bind to the Pdx1, NeuroD, and MafA transcription factors. Polycystic ovary syndrome is caused by resistance to it, and its activation involves the excision of the C-peptide. Levels of this compound fluctuate every three to six minutes in the body, and (*) glucagon opposes its action. This compound is released by beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. For 10 points, name this hormone which controls blood sugar levels and which is deficient in diabetic patients.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 216 ], [ 217, 332 ], [ 333, 443 ], [ 444, 528 ], [ 529, 640 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "William {Blake}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his poems extols, \"Such, such were the joys\" on the titular feature, \"The Echoing Green\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Blake", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b2d", "qanta_id": 68768, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his poems extols, \"Such, such were the joys\" on the titular feature, \"The Echoing Green\". This man advised \"cherish pity lest you drive an angel from your door\" in his poem \"Holy Thursday\". One of his title characters claims \"O! my soul is white,\" and this poet hears \"mind-forg'd manacles\" in his poem (*) \"London\". This poet collected his works in the volume Songs of Innocence and Experience. In one of his poems, he asks the title animal,\"Dost thou know who made thee?\" Another poem describes an animal who is \"burning bright\". For 10 points, name this poet of \"The Lamb\" and \"The Tyger\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 196 ], [ 197, 235 ], [ 236, 323 ], [ 324, 402 ], [ 403, 441 ], [ 442, 480 ], [ 481, 538 ], [ 539, 599 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Pragmatism} [accept word forms, but don\u2019t accept {pragmaticism}]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One thinker from this philosophical school, in the middle of a discussion of \"the live creature,\" stated that products and works of art exist separately.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pragmatism", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b32", "qanta_id": 68773, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One thinker from this philosophical school, in the middle of a discussion of \"the live creature,\" stated that products and works of art exist separately. Another work from this school discussed the \"parallelogram of forces\" and communion wine, and states that the title action can only occur if our ideas are also true. In addition to producing Art as Experience and (*) \"How to Make Our Ideas Clear,\" another thinker from this school supported violating evidentialism in cases of hypotheses or self-fulfilling prophecies in his lecture \"The Will to Believe.\" For 10 points, Charles Peirce, John Dewey, and William James were all major figures in which philosophical school?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 319 ], [ 320, 559 ], [ 560, 674 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Zoroastrian}ism (accept {Mazda}ism)", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This religion's founder received a vision of Vohu Manah while gathering water in the Daiti River.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b44", "qanta_id": 68791, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This religion's founder received a vision of Vohu Manah while gathering water in the Daiti River. Practitioners of it differentiate between asha and druj, which stand for truth and chaos. Followers of this religion believe that virtue is rewarded in the House of Songs, which lies across the bridge (*) Chinvat. Instruction on how to repel demons called Daevas is given in the Vendidad, which, along with the Gathas, make up its scripture. This religion follows its holy text of the Avesta, and its deities include Angra Mainyu and Ahura Mazda. For 10 points, identify this religion based on the teachings of its namesake Persian prophet, sometimes called Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 187 ], [ 188, 311 ], [ 312, 439 ], [ 440, 544 ], [ 545, 668 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{pi}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity appears in both the upper and lower limits of integration in Parseval's identity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pi", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b68", "qanta_id": 68827, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity appears in both the upper and lower limits of integration in Parseval's identity. Using the gamma function, the square root of this quantity can be shown to be equal to negative one-half factorial. It is multiplied by twice the natural log of the radius to give the surface area of Gabriel's Horn. e raised to this quantity (*) times i gives negative one. Angular speed is divided by 2 times this quantity to find rotational speed. This quantity is multiplied by the square of the radius in the formula for a sphere's surface area. For 10 points, name this irrational number, a ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 211 ], [ 212, 311 ], [ 312, 369 ], [ 370, 445 ], [ 446, 545 ], [ 546, 642 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Doppler} effect [or {Doppler} shift]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The inverse of this effect can be demonstrated using a photonic crystal and was demonstrated by Seddon and Bearpeak.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b6d", "qanta_id": 68832, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The inverse of this effect can be demonstrated using a photonic crystal and was demonstrated by Seddon and Bearpeak. One form of this effect can be described by an equation which includes a term equal to the square root of the quantity one plus v over c, all over the square root of the quantity one minus v over c. A canal ray tube was used in finding its transverse form in the Ives-Stilwell experiment, and it can be applied to explain (*) redshift and find the distance of a galaxy. For 10 points identify this effect, the perceived change in the frequency of a wave for an observer in motion, demonstrated by a change in the pitch of a passing siren.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 315 ], [ 316, 486 ], [ 487, 655 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{glacier}s [prompt on things like {ice caps}, {ice sheets}, or {ice shelves}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Projections known as nunataks can emerge from these entities, and the outcroppings known as roches moutonnees [RAWSH moot-un-ahyz] are formed because of these entities.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glacier", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b6f", "qanta_id": 68834, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Projections known as nunataks can emerge from these entities, and the outcroppings known as roches moutonnees [RAWSH moot-un-ahyz] are formed because of these entities. Their surfaces include light and dark bands called ogives, and they are formed partially due to the compression of firn. Crevasses form across these entities when they come in (*) contact with a steep slope, and moraines form from the deposit of their till. Calving is the process by which icebergs break off these features. For 10 points, identify these large masses of compacted snow and ice which account for roughly 75% of Earth's fresh water.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 289 ], [ 290, 426 ], [ 427, 493 ], [ 494, 616 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Hephaestus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After Pelops killed Myrtilus, this deity cleansed Pelops of his blood guilt at Oceanus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hephaestus", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b7a", "qanta_id": 68845, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After Pelops killed Myrtilus, this deity cleansed Pelops of his blood guilt at Oceanus. This god owns a three-legged table that can run around by itself, and during the Gigantomachy, he wounded Mimas. His failed attempt at (*) raping Athena led to the birth of Erichthonius, although it was his splitting of Zeus's head that led to Athena's birth in the first place. At his birth, he was thrown down from Mount Olympus and nursed back to health on Lemnos. He once caught his wife in a net in the act of adultery with Ares. For 10 points, name this husband of Aphrodite and Greek god of the forge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 200 ], [ 201, 366 ], [ 367, 455 ], [ 456, 522 ], [ 523, 596 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Maurya}n empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This empire's eastern and western provincial capitals were Tosali and Ujjain, respectively.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurya_Empire", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b7b", "qanta_id": 68846, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This empire's eastern and western provincial capitals were Tosali and Ujjain, respectively. After its last ruler was overthrown, Demetrius I of Bactria invaded it, and one leader of this empire was named for a mark he received on his forehead in infancy as a result of poison. Another leader of this empire established a capital at Pataliputra, and underwent a (*) religious change following the battle of Kalinga. In addition to being led by Bindusara, this empire saw Ashoka's issuance of his rock edicts, as well as his conversion to Buddhism. For 10 points, identify this Indian empire whose founder was Chandragupta.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 276 ], [ 277, 414 ], [ 415, 546 ], [ 547, 621 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Thor}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Because this god's favorite color was red, brides in Scandinavia wore red gowns and used rings with red stones.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b81", "qanta_id": 68852, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Because this god's favorite color was red, brides in Scandinavia wore red gowns and used rings with red stones. In preparation for his duel with this god at Griottunagard, one giant created Mokerkialfi to battle this man's servant; that giant was Hrungnir. Served by (*) Thialfi, this god fathered Magni and Modi on Jarnsaxa. This god unexpectedly ate a large amount of food while disguised as Freya before killing the giant Thrym. At Ragnarok, this God will kill and be killed by Jormungandr, and this husband of Sif wields the hammer Mjollnir. For 10 points, name this Norse god of thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 256 ], [ 257, 325 ], [ 326, 431 ], [ 432, 545 ], [ 546, 592 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Saint Thomas {Aquinas}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this thinker differentiates between a figure who \"considers what belongs to their proper natures\" and a figure who \"considers only what is true of creatures insofar as they are related to God.\"That same work by him differentiates between truths which appeal to natural reason and divine truths which do not.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Aquinas", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517b97", "qanta_id": 68874, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this thinker differentiates between a figure who \"considers what belongs to their proper natures\" and a figure who \"considers only what is true of creatures insofar as they are related to God.\"That same work by him differentiates between truths which appeal to natural reason and divine truths which do not. In his most famous work, he refers to St. Augustine as \"The Theologian\" and discusses the concept of (*) God as the first mover. Also the author of Summa Contra Gentiles, this is, for 10 points, which Scholastic philosopher who put forth his five proofs for the existence of God in his Summa Theologica?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 320 ], [ 321, 449 ], [ 450, 624 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{speed of light} [accept {c} before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In gravitational lensing, the square of this quantity is inversely proportional to the Einstein radius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Speed_of_light", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517baa", "qanta_id": 68893, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In gravitational lensing, the square of this quantity is inversely proportional to the Einstein radius. When expressed in cgs units, the fine structure constant is inversely proportional to this quantity and h-bar. In a recent project called OPERA, scientists working with (*) neutrino oscillations at CERN made claims challenging this quantity. Tachyons theoretically exceed this value, and Albert Michelson and Galileo both worked with measuring it. For 10 points, identify this quantity whose square yields energy when multiplied by mass, an upper bound on velocity roughly equal to 3 times ten to the power of 8 meters per second.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 214 ], [ 215, 345 ], [ 346, 451 ], [ 452, 634 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Haruki {Murakami}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one short story, this author described seeing the 100% perfect girl.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Haruki_Murakami", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517bb2", "qanta_id": 68901, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one short story, this author described seeing the 100% perfect girl. This man described a sojourn at the Dolphin Hotel, where the main character stays with a girlfriend who can \"remove\" her ears in A Wild Sheep Chase. Another of his novels begins at a Denny's where the narrator meets Mari; that work is After Dark. In one novel by this author (*), Naoko's boyfriend Kizuki commits suicide, confining her to a mental institute where Toru Watanabe visits her. Another work is narrated by Toru Okada. For 10 points, name this contemporary Japanese author of Norwegian Wood and The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 220 ], [ 221, 318 ], [ 319, 461 ], [ 462, 501 ], [ 502, 605 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Sikh}ism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One sect of this religion had the leaders Baba Gurdatti; that sect is known as Udasi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517bb4", "qanta_id": 68903, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One sect of this religion had the leaders Baba Gurdatti; that sect is known as Udasi. This religion celebrates the Forty Immortals on Maghi, and it is represented by the Khanda. One of its symbols consists of the words \"Ik Onkar\" along with three weapons, and its male followers often wear a (*) dastar over a Joora. Practitioners of this belief system hold true to the five K's, including Kirpan and Kaccha. This religion holds sacred the Golden Temple in Amritsar and follows the teachings of the Adi Granth. For 10 points, name this religion that was founded by Nanak, one of its \"gurus.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 177 ], [ 178, 316 ], [ 317, 408 ], [ 409, 510 ], [ 511, 591 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "\u201cThe {Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock}\u201d", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poem mentions \"skirts that trail along the floor\" after discussing the \"novels\" and the \"teacups\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Love_Song_of_J._Alfred_Prufrock", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517bc3", "qanta_id": 68918, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poem mentions \"skirts that trail along the floor\" after discussing the \"novels\" and the \"teacups\". The speaker of this poem states that he is \"Almost, at times, the Fool,\" and repeats the phrase, \"I grow old.\" This poem states that (*) \"in a minute there is time/for decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse.\" The title character of this poem wonders, \"Do I dare to eat a peach?\" and laments the fact that he has \"heard the mermaids singing.\" This poem speaks of women who are \"talking of Michelangelo,\" and it opens with \"Let us go then, you and I.\" For 10 points, name this poem by T.S. Eliot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 213 ], [ 213, 324 ], [ 324, 325 ], [ 326, 457 ], [ 457, 611 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Romance of the Three Kingdoms} (or {Sanguozhi Yanyi})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "As this novel begins, black snakes fall from the sky. One character in this novel dies of tuberculosis before completing five military expeditions against his nemesis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517bcb", "qanta_id": 68926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As this novel begins, black snakes fall from the sky. One character in this novel dies of tuberculosis before completing five military expeditions against his nemesis. One character in this work owns the Sword of the Seven Gems, and another rides the steed Red Hare. In this work, (*) Guan Yu and Liu Bei are among those who take the Oath of the Peach Garden, and this novel depicts the Battle of Red Cliffs. For 10 points, name this Chinese novel set during the Yellow Turban Rebellion near the end of the Han dynasty, with the characters Dong Zhuo and Cao Cao.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 266 ], [ 267, 408 ], [ 409, 562 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Claude {Levi-Strauss}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this thinker's ideas is discussed in a Jacques Derrida essay in which Derrida contrasts an idea of this person with the individual who should \"construct the totality of his language, syntax, and lexicon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_L\u00e9vi-Strauss", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517bd4", "qanta_id": 68935, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this thinker's ideas is discussed in a Jacques Derrida essay in which Derrida contrasts an idea of this person with the individual who should \"construct the totality of his language, syntax, and lexicon.\" This thinker sought to reduce myths into \"mythemes,\" and he discussed Brazilian cultures like the Bororo in his Tristes Tropiques. This man included The Origin of Table Manners in one of his works, and he contrasted the (*) \"engineer\" with the approaches of \"bricolage\" in his The Savage Mind. For 10 points, identify this French structural anthropologist who included The Raw and the Cooked in his Mythologiques.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 210, 211 ], [ 212, 342 ], [ 343, 505 ], [ 506, 625 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Indonesia}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's Communist party was blamed for its 30th of September Movement, also known as the Gestok.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517bd9", "qanta_id": 68940, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's Communist party was blamed for its 30th of September Movement, also known as the Gestok. Mohammed Hatta had a leading role in this nation's revolution, which ended with the signing of the Linggadjati Agreement. Early nationalist attempts at independence in this nation were led by Budi Utomo and the Sarekat (*) Islam movement. One ruler of this nation undertook a program known as \"Guided Democracy\" and was the leader of the PNI party. That president's successor founded the New Order and occupied East Timor. For 10 points, name this country that has been led by Sukarno and Suharto from its capital, Jakarta.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 225 ], [ 226, 322 ], [ 323, 326 ], [ 327, 342 ], [ 343, 452 ], [ 453, 526 ], [ 527, 627 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Samuel {Beckett}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's characters describes a \"personal God\" before babbling \"quaquaquaqua\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Beckett", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517bdf", "qanta_id": 68946, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's characters describes a \"personal God\" before babbling \"quaquaquaqua\". Another of his plays features May's possible dead mother, and a woman sits in a chair in this man's Rockaby. This author of Footfalls created two characters who remain in (*) trash cans for the entire play in which they appear. This man, who depicted Nell and Nagg in a post-apocalyptic world in one work, included the slave Lucky and his master Pozzo in his best- known drama. In that work, Vladimir and Estragon perform the title action for the entire play. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of Endgame and Waiting for Godot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 196 ], [ 197, 315 ], [ 316, 465 ], [ 466, 547 ], [ 548, 623 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{potential} energy [prompt on just {energy}; do not accept or prompt on {kinetic} energy]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One type of this quantity can be expressed as Young's Modulus times area times the change in length squared, all over twice the initial length.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Potential_energy", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517bea", "qanta_id": 68957, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One type of this quantity can be expressed as Young's Modulus times area times the change in length squared, all over twice the initial length. The magnetic variety of this quantity is equal to the negative magnetic moment dot the magnetic field, while the (*) electric variety of this quantity is equal to q times V. F can be expressed as the negative gradient of this quantity, and work is expressed as the negative change in this quantity. For a spring, this quantity is equal to one-half times the spring constant times displacement squared. For 10 points, identify this quantity most commonly written as m g h, often contrasted with kinetic energy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 443 ], [ 444, 546 ], [ 547, 654 ] ], "tournament": "RAVE", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Shinto}ism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Many members of this religion skip one meal a month and donate the saved money to their religious organization in the \"offer a meal\" movement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shinto", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517bee", "qanta_id": 68961, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Many members of this religion skip one meal a month and donate the saved money to their religious organization in the \"offer a meal\" movement. Its adherents subscribe to \"Four Affirmations,\" including physical cleanliness, tradition and the family, and love of nature. Its cosmology includes the High Plain of Heaven and the Dark Land, or Yomi. This religion's shrine or jinja tradition was closely associated with the state tradition until the end of World War II, when the emperor renounced his divinity. FTP name this religion involving the worship of kami, most prevalent in Japan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 268 ], [ 269, 344 ], [ 345, 506 ], [ 507, 585 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Burma} or {Myanmar}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The Mergui Archipelago lies at this country's southern tip, the state of Tenasserim, which is separated by the Bilaktaung ranges from its eastern neighbour.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Myanmar", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517c2c", "qanta_id": 69023, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Mergui Archipelago lies at this country's southern tip, the state of Tenasserim, which is separated by the Bilaktaung ranges from its eastern neighbour. The Pegu Yomas are a range of low hills along the Sittang River in the center, while the Arakan Yomas face the port of Akyab along the western coast. Ports on the Gulf of Martaban include both its capital and the city of Moulmein. FTP, name this country whose larger rivers are the Chindwin and the Irrawaddy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 306 ], [ 307, 387 ], [ 388, 466 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Antonin {Dvorak}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His first two operas, Alfred and The King and the Charcoal Burner, show the influence of Wagner.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton\u00edn_Dvo\u0159\u00e1k", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517c82", "qanta_id": 69109, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His first two operas, Alfred and The King and the Charcoal Burner, show the influence of Wagner. His late career saw him set the verse fairy tales of Karel Erben to music in four tone poems, two of which include The Water Goblin and The Golden Spinning Wheel. An E major Serenade for Strings followed by a lengthy Stabat Mater inspired by the deaths of his three children preceded his friendship with Brahms, who helped establish his reputation abroad. His most famous works\u2014a B minor cello concerto, an F major string quartet composed in Spillville, Iowa, and his 9th symphony\u2014were inspired by a famous trip. FTP, name this composer of the Slavonic Dances and the New World symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 259 ], [ 260, 452 ], [ 453, 609 ], [ 610, 684 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Paul {C\u00e9zanne}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The famous dog, Black, appears in his painting Bacchanal as a representative of pure animality in a scene of explosive sexual violence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paul_C\u00e9zanne", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517c91", "qanta_id": 69124, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The famous dog, Black, appears in his painting Bacchanal as a representative of pure animality in a scene of explosive sexual violence. Citing an ancient pastoral theme, his The Amorous Shepherd shows a much more peaceful confrontation in which the male woos a lady with a gift of apples. Towards the end of his career he painted a portrait of Ambroise Vollard and a one of his wife at a Conservatory. A notoriously slow worker, it took him seven years to finish his depiction of 14 nude women lounging, The Great Bathers. For Ten Point, name this artist from Aix-en-Provence, a master of still-life, perhaps best known for his various depictions of Mont Sainte- Victoire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 288 ], [ 289, 401 ], [ 402, 503 ], [ 504, 522 ], [ 523, 672 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Voltaire} or Francois Marie {Arouet}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The Two Comforters tells of a woman who has lost her son, while The Ingenu centers on a Prior who adopts a Native American in Brittany.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Voltaire", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517c94", "qanta_id": 69127, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Two Comforters tells of a woman who has lost her son, while The Ingenu centers on a Prior who adopts a Native American in Brittany. His title characters include Princess Formosante, The Princess of Babylon, and the Scythian Babouc, who decides to spare Persepolis in his namesake story. A prodigious playwright, his settings include Peru in Alzire and Crete in The Laws of Minos, but one of his most popular plays takes place in Messina where Egisthe avenges his father and the titular queen, Merope. Other literary works include his story of the Babylonian hero Zadig and a science fiction tale about two giants visiting earth from outer space, Micromegas. For ten points, identify this French author of such works as Zaire, Letters on the English, and Candide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 290 ], [ 291, 504 ], [ 505, 661 ], [ 662, 766 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Andrew {Marvell}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The speaker vows to keep her charge's crystal tears in a golden vial in his \"The Nymph Complaining For the Death of Her Fawn,\" while another speaker declares that \"all resistance against her is vain\" in \"The Fair Singer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Andrew_Marvell", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517cad", "qanta_id": 69152, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The speaker vows to keep her charge's crystal tears in a golden vial in his \"The Nymph Complaining For the Death of Her Fawn,\" while another speaker declares that \"all resistance against her is vain\" in \"The Fair Singer.\" This author of the prose work The Rehearsal Transposed served as tutor to Lord Fairfax at the latter's estate, which is the setting of his longest poem, \"Upon Appleton House.\" Other notable works include verses dedicated to Clora and one that pictures \"Little T.C. in a Prospect of Flowers;\" as well as a series of works written in the guise of \"The Mower\" who speaks \"against Gardens\" and \"to the Glowworms\" in a pair of poems. But his best known work urges a woman to \"sport\" with the speaker before \"time's winged chariot\" arrives and opens with the line, \"Had we but world enough and time.\" For ten points, identify this poet of \"To His Coy Mistress.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 220 ], [ 220, 396 ], [ 396, 650 ], [ 651, 815 ], [ 815, 877 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Vladimir Vladimirovich {Nabokov}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of his stories, set in an unnamed German city where Wagner's Parsifal is being performed, involves a man who retraces the steps of his honeymoon to keep the memory of his dead wife alive, and another tells of the narrator's sporadic encounters with a woman named Nina, including his last one in the titular Crimean town.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vladimir_Nabokov", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517cbc", "qanta_id": 69167, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his stories, set in an unnamed German city where Wagner's Parsifal is being performed, involves a man who retraces the steps of his honeymoon to keep the memory of his dead wife alive, and another tells of the narrator's sporadic encounters with a woman named Nina, including his last one in the titular Crimean town. In addition to \"The Return of Chorb\" and \"Spring in Fialta,\" he wrote a novel whose title comes from Shakespeare's Timon of Athens, a fact the narrator is oblivious to, since his only copy of the play is Conmal's translation of it into Zemblan. For ten points, identify this author of a novel consisting of a 999-line poem by John Shade called Pale Fire, as well as the story of a man named Humbert Humbert, Lolita.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 324 ], [ 325, 569 ], [ 570, 740 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Johannes {Brahms}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This composer's Opus 1 and 2 are piano sonatas in C major and F-sharp minor, respectively, while his Opus 10 is a series of four Ballades for piano dedicated to Julius Grimm.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Brahms", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517cd9", "qanta_id": 69196, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's Opus 1 and 2 are piano sonatas in C major and F-sharp minor, respectively, while his Opus 10 is a series of four Ballades for piano dedicated to Julius Grimm. A D minor work which this composer originally intended to be a sonata for two pianos was later transformed into his first piano concerto, while his better-known second piano concerto is a B-flat major work in four movements which premiered in 1881 with the composer at the keyboard. This composer's other works include the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel and the Alto Rhapsody, as well as four symphonies. FTP, name this composer of the Academic Festival Overture and the German Requiem.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 457 ], [ 458, 590 ], [ 591, 672 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Spleen}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This organ derives from the mesenchyme of the dorsal mesogastrium, and attaches to the gastrolineal, lienorenal, and phrenicocolic ligament to support itself.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spleen", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517cdc", "qanta_id": 69199, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This organ derives from the mesenchyme of the dorsal mesogastrium, and attaches to the gastrolineal, lienorenal, and phrenicocolic ligament to support itself. One section of this organ is affected by MALT lymphoma and expresses the MARCO protein, and another section of it contains the Malphigian corpuscles. Its marginal zone divides its two main sections, the red pulp and white pulp, and sequestration of this organ occurs in sickle cell anemia. The site of erythrocyte destruction, FTP, name this largest lymphoid organ, a reservoir of B and T cells.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 308 ], [ 309, 448 ], [ 449, 554 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Albert Camus [kah-moo]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One story by this author is set in a town in Brazil where the natives celebrate the miracle of a growing stone, and in another story Janine visits a fort without her husband Marcel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Camus", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517cef", "qanta_id": 69218, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One story by this author is set in a town in Brazil where the natives celebrate the miracle of a growing stone, and in another story Janine visits a fort without her husband Marcel. Those works are both in his collection Exile and the Kingdom. One of his novels gives the point of view of Parisian lawyer Jean-Baptiste Clamence. In another novel, Raymond Rambert decides not to leave a troubled city, helping Castel and Dr. Bernard Rieux [ree-yoo] treat sick people in Oran instead. In another novel by him, the protagonist has an affair with Marie Cardona soon after his mother dies. That protagonist, a friend of Raymond Sint\u00e8s, shoots an Arab on a beach. Name this author of The Fall and The Plague who wrote about Meursault in The Stranger.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 243 ], [ 244, 328 ], [ 329, 482 ], [ 483, 584 ], [ 585, 657 ], [ 658, 744 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Stephen Crane", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about Jimmie Trescott butchering Tennyson's \"Charge of the Light Brigade\" in his story \"Making An Orator.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stephen_Crane", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517cf4", "qanta_id": 69223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about Jimmie Trescott butchering Tennyson's \"Charge of the Light Brigade\" in his story \"Making An Orator.\" That work, like this author's novella The Monster, took place in the fictional town of Whilomville. Another story by this author\u2014about an oiler named Billie who is stuck with a correspondent, a cook, and a captain\u2014takes place shortly after a shipwreck. One of this author's title characters is rejected by her mother, Mary Johnson, and her boyfriend, Pete. In another work, the death of Jim Conklin is seen by his friend Henry Fleming during the Civil War. Name this author of \"The Open Boat\", Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, and The Red Badge of Courage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 225 ], [ 226, 378 ], [ 379, 482 ], [ 483, 582 ], [ 583, 680 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "John Locke", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This writer wrote that Adam lost bliss and immortality when he committed original sin in his work The Reasonableness of Christianity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Locke", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517cfd", "qanta_id": 69232, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This writer wrote that Adam lost bliss and immortality when he committed original sin in his work The Reasonableness of Christianity. He earlier wrote that religious toleration should be helpful to government stability, but that atheists cannot be tolerated because they would not follow oaths, in his A Letter Concerning Toleration. Another work is very critical of Robert Filmer's Patriarcha and describes legitimate civil government as supporting life, liberty, and estate. Another work by him argues against the existence of innate ideas and supports the conception of human learning starting with a blank slate, or tabula rasa. Name this writer of Two Treatises of Government and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 333 ], [ 334, 476 ], [ 477, 632 ], [ 633, 725 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ludwig van Beethoven", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this composer, which is nicknamed Overture in Handel's Style and built on the success of his work on The Ruins of Athens, is his overture to The Consecration of the House.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_van_Beethoven", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517d1a", "qanta_id": 69261, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this composer, which is nicknamed Overture in Handel's Style and built on the success of his work on The Ruins of Athens, is his overture to The Consecration of the House. In 1819, a composer wrote a brief waltz and sent it out to every major Austrian composer hoping each one would write a variation; this composer got carried away with the project and ended up composing 33 Diabelli Variations, postponing work on his D Major Missa Solemnis. He wrote very brief notes for his sixth symphony, including the description \"Awakening of cheerful feelings upon arrival in the country\" for the first movement of that work which became known as his Pastoral Symphony. Name this composer who included a chorus based on Friedrich Schiller's \"Ode to Joy\" in his ninth and final symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 184, 455 ], [ 456, 673 ], [ 674, 790 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Burma [accept Republic of the Union of Myanmar]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In June, a person from this country became the first woman other than a queen to address both houses of British parliament following the electoral success of her National League for Democracy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Myanmar", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517d20", "qanta_id": 69267, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In June, a person from this country became the first woman other than a queen to address both houses of British parliament following the electoral success of her National League for Democracy. It is now facing a rebellion in its northern Kachin State, where residents have refused to support a dam that would provide energy for China. In October, Human Rights Watch released satellite photos showing that this country's town of Kyaukpyu was the site of rioting in which Buddhists destroyed hundreds of buildings belonging to Rohingya Muslims. Its president Thein Sein [THAYN ZAYN] has worked with his highest profile rival, Aung San Suu Kyi [CHEE]. Name this country recently run by its military, which faces uncertainty over its name and whether its capital is at Yangon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 334 ], [ 335, 542 ], [ 543, 649 ], [ 650, 774 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ottoman Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This polity refused to carry out the recommendations of a conference it hosted ending in 1877, and as a result nobody supported it in a war against Russia that soon followed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ottoman_Empire", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517d28", "qanta_id": 69275, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This polity refused to carry out the recommendations of a conference it hosted ending in 1877, and as a result nobody supported it in a war against Russia that soon followed. Much earlier, in 1718, it regained the Peloponnesus in the Treaty of Passarowitz after defeating Venice, though it ceded land to the Habsburgs in the same treaty. It also won the Battle of Ridaniya, ending the Mamluk sultanate and gaining control of Egypt for Selim the First. Its weakness showed by the late 19th century during the Herzegovina Rebellion and April Uprising in Bulgaria, and it eventually was nicknamed \"the sick man.\" Name this polity that grew during the fifteenth century under the leadership of Mehmed II and was also headed by Suleiman the Magnificent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 337 ], [ 338, 451 ], [ 452, 609 ], [ 610, 748 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Thomas Hardy", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about Joshua Jopp, who reads the love letters of Lucetta Templeman and publicly embarrasses her.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Hardy", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517d2c", "qanta_id": 69279, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about Joshua Jopp, who reads the love letters of Lucetta Templeman and publicly embarrasses her. He also wrote about Fanny Robin's attempt to marry Sergeant Francis Troy, which fails when she goes to the wrong church. One of his title characters believes she is related to Alec, who impregnates her, and is loved by Angel Clare. Much of his fiction is set in the fictional town of Wessex. He wrote about Susan and Michael Henchard in The Mayor of Casterbridge and about Gabriel Oak and Bathsheba Everdene in Far from the Madding Crowd. Name this author of Tess of the d'Urbervilles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 235 ], [ 236, 346 ], [ 347, 406 ], [ 407, 553 ], [ 554, 600 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Antonio (Lucio) Vivaldi", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Johann Sebastian Bach's concerti [kun-\"CHAIR\"-tee] for organ borrow heavily from this composer's collection of twelve concerti for one, two, and four violins, his L'estro Armonico.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517d36", "qanta_id": 69289, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Johann Sebastian Bach's concerti [kun-\"CHAIR\"-tee] for organ borrow heavily from this composer's collection of twelve concerti for one, two, and four violins, his L'estro Armonico. Another collection of twelve concerti by this composer contains pieces nicknamed \"The Sea Storm\" and \"Pleasure\", and the last section of its second concerto is nicknamed \"The Storm\". That section goes with the words \"Alas, his fears are justified. The sky is filled with thunder and lightning and hail cuts down the proud grain\"; those words are taken from the second of the four sonnets that go with the the first four concerti. Name this early 18th-century composer known as the \"Red Priest\", whose The Contest Between Harmony and Invention includes The Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 363 ], [ 364, 398 ], [ 398, 428 ], [ 429, 610 ], [ 611, 750 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "George Orwell [or Eric Blair]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this author has a speech near its beginning stating that life is miserable, laborious, and short.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Orwell", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517d3d", "qanta_id": 69296, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this author has a speech near its beginning stating that life is miserable, laborious, and short. That speech is made after another character is described as too drunk to remember to shut the popholes. In another work, the protagonist\u2014who has a varicose ulcer above his right ankle\u2014lives near an enormous pyramidal structure of white concrete. That character receives a copy of The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism by Emmanuel Goldstein from O'Brien and a note saying, \"I love you\" from Julia. This author wrote \"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.\" Name this author of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 213 ], [ 214, 355 ], [ 356, 521 ], [ 522, 609 ], [ 610, 667 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "liver", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This organ converts some triglycerides [try-GLIS-uh-\"rides\"] and cholesterols into very low-density lipoproteins and produces water-soluble proteins found in blood plasma known as albumins.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517d56", "qanta_id": 69321, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This organ converts some triglycerides [try-GLIS-uh-\"rides\"] and cholesterols into very low-density lipoproteins and produces water-soluble proteins found in blood plasma known as albumins. It is where the combination of albumin and bilirubin [bil-ee-ROOB-in] becomes soluble in water, and disease in this organ affects the ratio of those substances, causing swelling and jaundice [JAWN-dis]. This organ covers the gallbladder, and until bone marrow takes over, during most of gestation it produces red blood cells in the embryo. Name this primary location of the urea cycle, an organ that produces bile and that becomes scarred by cirrhosis or inflamed by hepatitis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 393 ], [ 394, 530 ], [ 531, 668 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Marc (Zaharovich) Chagall", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this artist shows a woman holding flowers on her birthday while her boyfriend in a green shirt floats above ground and greatly contorts his neck to kiss her.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marc_Chagall", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517d81", "qanta_id": 69364, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this artist shows a woman holding flowers on her birthday while her boyfriend in a green shirt floats above ground and greatly contorts his neck to kiss her. His pictures of himself, which generally show him painting, include Autoportrait and Self-Portrait with Seven Fingers. Another work shows a red Notre Dame, a cloud that looks like a woman, and, in its upper right corner, an enormous bouquet of flowers. There is debate over whether the appearance of the Russian Red Army in one of his works is supposed to represent hope or danger, and historians also question his decision to cover up that work's Nazi references. Those works are View of Paris and White Crucifixion. Name this artist who showed a black-clothed man holding a scythe, an upside- down woman, the large face of a goat, and the large face of a green man in I and the Village.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 288 ], [ 289, 422 ], [ 423, 634 ], [ 635, 689 ], [ 689, 859 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The Tempest", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At one point in this play, Gonzalo awakens and says \"Now, good angels preserve the king.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tempest", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517d89", "qanta_id": 69372, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At one point in this play, Gonzalo awakens and says \"Now, good angels preserve the king.\" Earlier, Sebastian says that Gonzalo receives comfort like cold porridge. That happens while, along with Alonso and Antonio, they are searching for Ferdinand. Another character tells Ferdinand \"I am your wife, if you will marry me; if not, I'll die your maid.\" Before the action in this play, that woman has not seen any men other than her father and the son of Sycorax, a servant named Caliban. In this play, Ariel assists Miranda and Prospero. Name this Shakespeare play set on an island after a shipwreck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 163 ], [ 164, 248 ], [ 249, 350 ], [ 351, 485 ], [ 486, 535 ], [ 536, 598 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Denmark [or Kongeriget Danmark]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's Salling Peninsula is located near its islands of Fur and Mors.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Denmark", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517d90", "qanta_id": 69379, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's Salling Peninsula is located near its islands of Fur and Mors. Its principal port city, which changed the spelling of its name in 2011, is Aarhus. Egeskov Castle and the city of Odense are located on its Funen Island, which is attached by the Great Belt Bridge to its largest island of Zealand, which in turn is connected by the \u00d8resund Bridge to Sweden. Zealand [ZEH-laan] and the island of Amager share its capital and largest city, which contains Tivoli Gardens. Name this country that includes the Jutland Peninsula and has its capital at Copenhagen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 161 ], [ 162, 369 ], [ 370, 480 ], [ 481, 569 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ezra (Weston Loomis) Pound", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote about soldiers who \"Unbelieving came home, home to a lie\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ezra_Pound", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517da2", "qanta_id": 69397, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet wrote about soldiers who \"Unbelieving came home, home to a lie\". In the same work, he started with an autobiographical section that claimed \"He strove to resuscitate the dead art of poetry\". In addition to that work, \"Hugh Selwyn Mauberley\", he updated the Anglo Saxon poem \"The Seafarer\" for his Ripostes. He worked for much of his life on a group of 120 poems but was declared incurably insane after writing 109 of them. A group of those works written after World War II, when he was under American arrest for treason, are classified as the Pisan ones. This Imagist poet helped T.S. Eliot edit and publish his works. Name this poet of The Cantos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 200 ], [ 201, 317 ], [ 318, 433 ], [ 434, 567 ], [ 567, 630 ], [ 631, 660 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Constantin {Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i} [bran-KOOSH]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist used a cascading set of spirals to represent a patron in his depiction of Mademoiselle Pogany.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517da6", "qanta_id": 69401, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist used a cascading set of spirals to represent a patron in his depiction of Mademoiselle Pogany. One work by this artist features seventeen rhomboidal shapes stacked upon one another and is part of a war memorial he built in his hometown of T\u00e2rgu Jiu [TIR-goo ZHEEW]. At that same site, this sculptor created twelve stone chairs around the titular Table of Silence. This sculptor's most famous works, created from bronze or marble, emphasized the elongated forms of the title creatures, which were depicted without wings or feathers. Name this Romanian sculptor of The Kiss and the Bird in Space series.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 277 ], [ 278, 375 ], [ 376, 543 ], [ 544, 613 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Rep\u00fablica Argentina [or Argentine Republic]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the late 19th and early 20th century, this country's politics was dominated by the National Autonomist Party led for a time by Julio [HOO-lee-", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Argentina", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517db5", "qanta_id": 69416, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the late 19th and early 20th century, this country's politics was dominated by the National Autonomist Party led for a time by Julio [HOO-lee- oh] Roca, who moved several functions from the church to the government. That party was weakened by the granting of universal adult male suffrage in the S\u00e1enz Pe\u00f1a Law. Annihilation decrees issued against leftists in 1975 opened a Dirty War that led to the disappearance of many people. After World War II, a leader associated with Justicialismo [hoo-stee-see-ah-LEES-moh] was put in power; he ruled until fleeing the country during a 1955 coup, later returning to power after eighteen years in exile. Name this country currently headed by Cristina Kirchner that was ruled by Juan Per\u00f3n and fought the United Kingdom in the Falklands War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 148 ], [ 148, 218 ], [ 219, 314 ], [ 315, 432 ], [ 433, 647 ], [ 648, 784 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "(James Mercer) Langston Hughes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This subject of a biography by Arnold Rampersad wrote a poem in which the narrator avoided suicide because the water was too cold and the jump was too far down.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517db9", "qanta_id": 69420, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This subject of a biography by Arnold Rampersad wrote a poem in which the narrator avoided suicide because the water was too cold and the jump was too far down. In another poem, the tears of the folks that brought flowers and the girl who paid the preacher make a night funeral grand. Another work, which for a very short time was used in Rick Santorum's slogan, states \"We, the people, must redeem the land / And make America again!\" Another work, about a person who is sent to eat in the kitchen because he is the darker brother, is \"I, Too, Sing America\". Name this poet who wrote \"Theme for English B\", \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers\", and \"Montage of a Dream Deferred\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 284 ], [ 285, 409 ], [ 410, 434 ], [ 435, 558 ], [ 559, 671 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Francis Bacon", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This writer stated that he was \"born for the service of mankind\" and stated that he was in favor of the \"discovery of all operations and possibilities of operations\" in his first scientific work, Valerius Terminus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Francis_Bacon", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517dbe", "qanta_id": 69425, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This writer stated that he was \"born for the service of mankind\" and stated that he was in favor of the \"discovery of all operations and possibilities of operations\" in his first scientific work, Valerius Terminus. In another work, he describes an island west of Peru called Bensalem which contains Salomon's House, where lots of great scientific experiments are performed. Another work by him, which follows his The Divisions of the Sciences in The Great Instauration, called for rejecting traditional idols and applying the scientific method. Its title, which references an Aristotle work, translates as New Instrument of Science. Name this early-17th-century writer of New Atlantis and Novum Organum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 214 ], [ 215, 373 ], [ 374, 544 ], [ 545, 632 ], [ 633, 703 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Sikhism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "All places of worship in this religion practice langar, which is the providing of food for all people of all religions. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517dc5", "qanta_id": 69432, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "All places of worship in this religion practice langar, which is the providing of food for all people of all religions. Though worshippers are expected to stand for the Ardas prayer, they generally sit on the floor. When this religion was being established, its houses of worship were called dharamsalas, but they are now called gurdwaras. Followers can be called Khalsa, who at all times are supposed to have a metal bracelet, a wooden comb, uncut hair, a sword, and certain undergarments, colllectively called the five K's. Men use Singh and women use Kaur as their last names. Name this religion centered in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India that began with ten gurus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 121, 216 ], [ 217, 340 ], [ 341, 526 ], [ 527, 580 ], [ 581, 678 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "friction(al force)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An inconsistency between Newtonian restitution and a common model of this phenomenon was known as the Painlev\u00e9 [pawn-luh-veh] paradox.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friction", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517dcc", "qanta_id": 69439, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An inconsistency between Newtonian restitution and a common model of this phenomenon was known as the Painlev\u00e9 [pawn-luh-veh] paradox. The velocity named for this concept, also known as shear velocity, is used in the Bagnold formula. This is mapped in chemical force microscopy, a type of atomic force microscopy. Some of its qualities are covered by laws named after Amontons [ah-mohn-tohn] and Coulomb, such as its independence of area and speed, and the magnitude of this force is proportional to the normal force. It may be classified as static or kinetic. Name this resistive force that slows down objects.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 233 ], [ 234, 313 ], [ 314, 517 ], [ 518, 562 ], [ 562, 612 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Federative Republic of Brazil [or Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this country, the Kaiabi people currently live in Xingu National Park, which was explored by Percy Fawcett and is located in the state of Mato Grosso.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517dd9", "qanta_id": 69452, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this country, the Kaiabi people currently live in Xingu National Park, which was explored by Percy Fawcett and is located in the state of Mato Grosso. In 1989, its state of Goi\u00e1s split, with the northern half becoming Tocantins, which then constructed its capital at Palmas. Its Florian\u00f3polis is located partially on the Island of Santa Catarina. One of its cities contains Corcovado and Sugarloaf Mountains, the former of which has a giant statue of Christ the Redeemer. This country also contains the most populous city in the Western Hemisphere in addition to most of its longest river. Name this largest country of South America.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 277 ], [ 278, 349 ], [ 350, 474 ], [ 475, 592 ], [ 593, 636 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Samuel (Barclay) Beckett", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this writer, a character writes about Sapo throwing a cane through a window.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Beckett", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517de7", "qanta_id": 69466, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this writer, a character writes about Sapo throwing a cane through a window. Sapo later transforms into Macmann, who\u2014unlike Sapo\u2014is similar to the character who writes his story. That work is part of a trilogy that ends with The Unnamable. In another work by this writer, Nagg and Nell, the parents of Hamm, are stuck in ash bins. In another work, a character claims that he minds goats and that his brother who minds sheep gets beaten. The two main characters in that work are nicknamed Didi and Gogo by a character who owns the slave Lucky, and one of them often says \"Nothing to be done.\" Name this Irish playwright of Malone Dies, Endgame, and Waiting for Godot [\"GOD\"-oh].", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 193 ], [ 194, 254 ], [ 255, 345 ], [ 346, 453 ], [ 453, 607 ], [ 608, 689 ], [ 689, 693 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Georg [GAY-awrk] Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This person wrote that history travels from Asia to Europe, and that freedom spreads from one to some to all, in Lectures on the Philosophy of History.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517ded", "qanta_id": 69472, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This person wrote that history travels from Asia to Europe, and that freedom spreads from one to some to all, in Lectures on the Philosophy of History. After he died, a group of writers associated with him\u2014such as Bruno Bauer and David Strauss\u2014argued that political laws would weaken because they were based on weak religious justifications. One of his works builds on the work of Immanuel Kant on transcendental logic and has books devoted to being, essence, and concept; each of those three books is divided into three sections, each containing three chapters. In addition to that work, Science of Logic, his work addressing shapes of consciousness was The Phenomenology of Spirit. Name this writer who wrote about the process of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis, which is known as his dialectic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 341 ], [ 342, 562 ], [ 563, 683 ], [ 684, 799 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Thomas (Cowperthwait) Eakins", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this painter's works depicting the sculptor of Water Nymph and Bittern, a nude model is used even though the sculpture is clothed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Eakins", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517df9", "qanta_id": 69484, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this painter's works depicting the sculptor of Water Nymph and Bittern, a nude model is used even though the sculpture is clothed. In addition to those works showing William Rush, this painter made a portrait of a professor who pets a black cat as he reads a book, Benjamin Rand. One of his outdoor works that shows a young man standing on a rocky promontory while another lies on it, another sits, and another dives off it. Another painting shows his high school classmate on the Schuylkill [SKOO-kul] River in Philadelphia and is entitled Max Schmitt in a Single Scull. Name this artist who also painted surgery demonstrations in The Agnew Clinic and The Gross Clinic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 282 ], [ 283, 427 ], [ 428, 576 ], [ 576, 674 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Charles (Edward) Ives", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's first string quartet borrows from Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor and several hymns. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Ives", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517e1a", "qanta_id": 69517, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's first string quartet borrows from Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor and several hymns. Sometimes nicknamed \"The Revival Service\", it was written while he was a Yale undergraduate. His third symphony was premiered by his friend Lou Harrison and lasts only about twenty minutes. Its sections are titled Old Folks Gatherin', Children's Day, and Communion, and the overall work is called The Camp Meeting. One of his works was originally paired with Central Park in the Dark, and another is set at Putnam's Camp in Redding, the Housatonic at Stockbridge, and Boston Common. Name this composer of The Unanswered Question and Three Places in New England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 106, 198 ], [ 199, 295 ], [ 296, 375 ], [ 376, 420 ], [ 421, 588 ], [ 589, 667 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Philip (Milton) Roth", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about a relationship between the daughter of the owner of Patimkin Kitchen and Bathroom Sinks and a library employee named Neil Klugman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philip_Roth", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517e1b", "qanta_id": 69518, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about a relationship between the daughter of the owner of Patimkin Kitchen and Bathroom Sinks and a library employee named Neil Klugman. He also wrote fiction about an affair between himself and a married Englishwoman in Deception, and used himself as a character in a different novel in which Charles Lindbergh wins the 1940 presidential election. In another work by this author, the protagonist claims he once thought all of his teachers were his mother in disguise, which is one of many things he tells Dr. Spielvogel. Many of his works are about the fictional author of Carnovsky, Nathan Zuckerman. Name this author of Goodbye, Columbus; The Plot Against America; and Portnoy's Complaint.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 366 ], [ 367, 539 ], [ 540, 620 ], [ 621, 710 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Rousseau}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A sculptor by this name created The Sisters of Illusion, and a painter by this name saw his Descent of the Cattle rejected by the Salon but went on to paint Under the Birches, Evening after joining with Dupre and Millet in the Barbizon school.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517e2d", "qanta_id": 69536, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A sculptor by this name created The Sisters of Illusion, and a painter by this name saw his Descent of the Cattle rejected by the Salon but went on to paint Under the Birches, Evening after joining with Dupre and Millet in the Barbizon school. Another painter by this name gainted notice with Carnival Evening before showing a walking staff, an upturned tail, a jug, a mandolin, and a multicolored striped dress in a painting of a lion investigating the title character. FTP, give the common name of Victor, Theodore, and Henri, the last of whom painted The Sleeping Gypsy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 243 ], [ 244, 470 ], [ 471, 573 ] ], "tournament": "Titanomachy", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{P}olymerase {C}hain {R}eaction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Errors in this procedure can be corrected by replacing one of the reagents with PfuUltra or Pfx, while spurious products can be swamped out by ramping up the temperature in the \"touchdown\" variation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymerase_chain_reaction", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517e2f", "qanta_id": 69538, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Errors in this procedure can be corrected by replacing one of the reagents with PfuUltra or Pfx, while spurious products can be swamped out by ramping up the temperature in the \"touchdown\" variation. The MLPA procedure is used with multiple targets, and more widely used variants include the quantitative and real-time versions, which use fluorescent dyes. It begins with denaturation, which pries apart the template, followed by annealing, in which the primers attach. Taq polymerase then replicates the template, and the process repeats itself. FTP, name this technique invented by Kary Mullis that amplifies a segment of DNA.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 356 ], [ 357, 469 ], [ 470, 546 ], [ 547, 628 ] ], "tournament": "Titanomachy", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Sikhism}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One holy figure in this religion claimed the protection of Huma, the Bird of Heaven, and mentioned the death of his four sons in a letter addressed to a hostile emperor, the \"Epistle of Victory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517e42", "qanta_id": 69557, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One holy figure in this religion claimed the protection of Huma, the Bird of Heaven, and mentioned the death of his four sons in a letter addressed to a hostile emperor, the \"Epistle of Victory.\" Water stirred with a double-edged sword is used to baptize individuals who then wear a steel bracelet, a wooden comb, and a dagger known as a kirpan, as part of the 5 Ks. Its holiest temple, or gurdwara, is the Harmandir Sahib or Golden Temple in Amritsar. FTP name this religion whose leaders include Gobind Singh and its first Guru, Nanak.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 194, 366 ], [ 367, 452 ], [ 453, 537 ] ], "tournament": "Titanomachy", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{diffraction}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Schaeffer-Bergmann variety of this phenomenon arises in interactions with sounds that take place in crystals, and the Kirchhoff formalism derives this phenomenon from a scalar differential wave theory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffraction", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517e5c", "qanta_id": 69583, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Schaeffer-Bergmann variety of this phenomenon arises in interactions with sounds that take place in crystals, and the Kirchhoff formalism derives this phenomenon from a scalar differential wave theory. The Cornu spiral is a graphical depiction of Fresnel integrals, which characterize the near-field variety of this process, while the far-field variety is known as the Fraunhoffer type. For a circular aperture, this phenomenon results in Airy discs, and the Rayleigh criterion represents the maximum resolvability of a lens known as this phenomenon's namesake limit. Governed in x-ray crystallography by Bragg's law, FTP, identify this optical effect in which light bends around the edges of an aperture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 206, 390 ], [ 391, 571 ], [ 572, 709 ] ], "tournament": "Titanomachy", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Yasunari {Kawabata}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A woman removes her right arm and loans it to the narrator of one of this man's stories, while children with homemade lanterns hunting for insects are one of the subjects of this man's \"Palm-Sized Novels.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yasunari_Kawabata", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517e64", "qanta_id": 69591, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A woman removes her right arm and loans it to the narrator of one of this man's stories, while children with homemade lanterns hunting for insects are one of the subjects of this man's \"Palm-Sized Novels.\" A schoolteacher with feet like a monkey's is fired for hitting on a student in his The Lake, while a philanderer beats his mistress Kinu in an attempt to abort their child while his wife has an abortion behind his back in The Sound of the Mountain. Another novel concerns a bachelor who is inexorably attracted to a tea ceremony instructor, and Shimamura meets the geisha Komako at a hot-spring resort in his Snow Country. FTP name this author of The Master of Go and A Thousand Cranes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 206, 454 ], [ 455, 628 ], [ 629, 692 ] ], "tournament": "Titanomachy", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Heimdall}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "According to the V\u00f6luspa, this character's Jotun counterpart Eggther will sit on a grave-mound happily strumming a harp during Ragnar\u00f6k while this character fights, presumably with his sword Hofund.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heimdallr", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517e65", "qanta_id": 69592, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to the V\u00f6luspa, this character's Jotun counterpart Eggther will sit on a grave-mound happily strumming a harp during Ragnar\u00f6k while this character fights, presumably with his sword Hofund. He proposed the trick of sending Thor dressed as Freya to retrieve Mjolnir from Thrym. He is credited with fathering Jarl, Karl and Thrall and founding the three classes of men in the Song of Rig. He is slated to kill and be killed by Loki at Ragnar\u00f6k after blowing the Gjallarhorn and leaving his post at Bifrost. FTP name this guardian of the Aesir.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 198 ], [ 199, 285 ], [ 286, 395 ], [ 396, 513 ], [ 514, 550 ] ], "tournament": "Titanomachy", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His First Piano Concerto was originally dedicated to his mentor, who dismissed it as unplayable, so he dedicated it instead to Hans von Bulow, who conducted its premiere.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517e6e", "qanta_id": 69601, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His First Piano Concerto was originally dedicated to his mentor, who dismissed it as unplayable, so he dedicated it instead to Hans von Bulow, who conducted its premiere. That mentor Nikolay Rubenstein's death inspired his Piano Trio, arguably the only major work between his Violin Concerto and the Manfred Symphony. The horn and bassoon opening theme of his Fourth Symphony is said to represent \"fate hanging over one's head like a sword\", while he claimed to have \"put [his] whole soul\" into his Sixth Symphony, which premiered nine days before his death from either suicide or cholera. FTP name this Russian composer of Eugene Onegin and the Nutcracker suite.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 317 ], [ 318, 589 ], [ 590, 663 ] ], "tournament": "Titanomachy", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Karl {Marx}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote strongly pro-Union articles on the Civil War for the Vienna Presse, and edited the Rheinische Zeitung until that paper was shut down by the Prussian government.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Karl_Marx", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517f0a", "qanta_id": 69757, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote strongly pro-Union articles on the Civil War for the Vienna Presse, and edited the Rheinische Zeitung until that paper was shut down by the Prussian government. This author of the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts criticized the line \"Labor is the source of all wealth and all culture\" from the founding document of the Social Democratic Party. Along with Grundrisse and Critique of the Gotha Programme, this former Young Hegelian criticized Proudhon in The Poverty of Philosophy, and developed the labor theory of value as well as the concepts of commodity fetishism and surplus value. FTP, name this theoretician whose historical materialism is best expressed in Das Kapital, who along with Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 358 ], [ 359, 600 ], [ 601, 754 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{ketone}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Diels-Alder reactions between dienes and these molecules can be catalyzed by ruthenium Lewis acids.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ketone", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517f24", "qanta_id": 69783, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Diels-Alder reactions between dienes and these molecules can be catalyzed by ruthenium Lewis acids. Symmetrical ones can be cleaved with hot alkaline potassium permanganate, while Wittig reactions using this class of compounds are more likely to produce the E-isomer of the product. One method of producing them involves the production of a halohydrin, while they can also be generated by oxidizing secondary alcohols. Unlike a similar class of compounds, they do not produce a silver precipitate when treated with Tollens' reagent. FTP, name this class of carbonyl-containing compounds whose simplest member is acetone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 282 ], [ 283, 418 ], [ 419, 532 ], [ 533, 620 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Emile {Durkheim}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man inspired Bateson's schismogenesis theory and differentiated between repressive and restitutive law, seeing crime as a reflection of a population's unconscious.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Durkheim", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517f3c", "qanta_id": 69807, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man inspired Bateson's schismogenesis theory and differentiated between repressive and restitutive law, seeing crime as a reflection of a population's unconscious. He sought to identify common social origins of religious beliefs in (*) Elementary Forms of Religious Life, inspired by his family's devout Judaism. He attacked Weberian individualism by arguing that specialization was implied by the interdependence of a collective society in The Division of Labor in Society. More famously, he divided his best-known subject matter into egoistic, altruistic, fatalistic, and anomic varieties. FTP, identify this French sociologist and author of Suicide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 317 ], [ 318, 479 ], [ 480, 596 ], [ 597, 657 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Carthage}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Because it ensured that its generals were always buffered from civil government, it required a council known as the Hundred and Four to oversee them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carthage", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517f3e", "qanta_id": 69809, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Because it ensured that its generals were always buffered from civil government, it required a council known as the Hundred and Four to oversee them. Its constitution strangely also buffered church and state, yet encouraged child sacrifice, as noted by Aristotle. It was first ruled by Soffets in an dual system much like its greatest rival, yet yielded to an oligarchy as ethnic requirements became less stringent, allowing individuals like Adherbal and Hanno to rise to power. Its geographic power center was the citadel Byrsa, though the palace's sea walls never needed to be very strong. FTP, identify this city whose naval power led it to dominate the pre-Roman Mediterranean, most famously led by various members of the Barca family.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 263 ], [ 264, 478 ], [ 479, 591 ], [ 592, 739 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Aldehyde} or {formyl} or {methanoyl}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Because of resonance stabilization of its conjugate base, the alpha- hydrogen in them is more acidic than in alkanes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aldehyde", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517f4e", "qanta_id": 69825, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Because of resonance stabilization of its conjugate base, the alpha- hydrogen in them is more acidic than in alkanes. Using the Nef reaction, pyridinium salts reacted with secondary amines followed by hydrolysos creates them, as does the Rosenmund reduction that reduces an acyl halide to one. They can be synthesized by reacting a primary alcohol with an oxidizing agent, and they used to be named after their corresponding alcohols. FTP, identify this functional group consisting of an atom of carbon bonded to a hydrogen atom and double-bonded with an oxygen atom, which contains a terminal carbonyl group.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 293 ], [ 294, 434 ], [ 435, 609 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Yukio {Mishima} or Mishima {Yukio}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His essay in literary theory, \"Remember the Heroic Dead,\" defends his hetrodox claim that history's two most evocative poets were Rilke and Oscar Wilde.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yukio_Mishima", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517f68", "qanta_id": 69851, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His essay in literary theory, \"Remember the Heroic Dead,\" defends his hetrodox claim that history's two most evocative poets were Rilke and Oscar Wilde. At age 20 he published the one-act play which he called a \"tragicomic ecstasy\", \"Madame de Sade,\" which won the Kishida Prize. Better-known works include several gay confessional novels such as \"Decay of Angels,\" the final volume of his \"Sea of Fertility\" cycle. More notably, he and his lover Shinji Morita, with some student activists, broke into the High Commandant's Tokyo office, briefly held him hostage, and called for news reporters in order to commit seppuku on national TV. FTP, identify this author of The Temple of the Golden Pavilion most famed for his first novel, Confessions of a Mask.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 279 ], [ 280, 415 ], [ 416, 636 ], [ 637, 754 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{electron}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These particles are captured to lower the atomic number of an atom in K-capture, a type of radioactive decay.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electron", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517fd1", "qanta_id": 69956, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These particles are captured to lower the atomic number of an atom in K-capture, a type of radioactive decay. This particle belongs to the same class as the tau particle and the muon. The discoverer of these particles compared their deflection by a magnetic field and an electric field to determine their high charge-to-mass ratio; that discoverer used a cathode-ray tube and was J. J. Thomson. This particle is emitted in beta-minus decay and is the antiparticle of the positron. For 10 points, name this lepton, a negatively-charged particle that orbits the atomic nucleus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 183 ], [ 184, 394 ], [ 395, 480 ], [ 481, 575 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Philadelphia}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This city's namesake art museum houses Cezanne's Bathers and Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philadelphia", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517fd3", "qanta_id": 69958, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This city's namesake art museum houses Cezanne's Bathers and Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase. The documentary The Art of the Steal chronicled an attempt to move the Barnes Collection to this city. The Ashcan School was a loose association of artists from this city. The architect Louis Kahn was based in this city, as was the painter of Max Schmitt in a Single Scull and The Watering Hole. For 10 points, name this home of Thomas Eakins which includes architecture like the Comcast Center and Independence Hall.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 202 ], [ 203, 271 ], [ 272, 395 ], [ 396, 517 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a \"Festival Overture on the Danish National Anthem.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517fd7", "qanta_id": 69962, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer wrote a \"Festival Overture on the Danish National Anthem.\" \"Gloomy Land, Misty Land\" is the second movement of this composer's first symphony, titled \"Winter Daydreams.\" \"Tema Russo\" is the last movement of this composer's Romantic masterpiece, Serenade for Strings. This composer's sixth symphony in b minor is named \"Pathetique.\" For 10 points, name this Russian composer who used cannons and the French and Russian national anthems in a piece commemorating the Battle of Borodino in his 1812 Overture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 183 ], [ 184, 280 ], [ 281, 345 ], [ 346, 518 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Naguib {Mahfouz}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, the radio has replaced recitations of classic poetry in a central gathering place.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Naguib_Mahfouz", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517fd8", "qanta_id": 69963, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, the radio has replaced recitations of classic poetry in a central gathering place. One character in a novel by this author is thrown out of her home after being hit by a car. The sequel to that novel by this author begins five years after the death of Fahmy, and sees Kamal study to become a teacher. Both of those novels are part of a series by this author about the family of Al-Sayyid Ahmad. For 10 points, name this Egyptian Nobel laureate, the writer of Midaq Alley that included Sugar Street and Palace of Desire in his Cairo Trilogy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 202 ], [ 203, 328 ], [ 329, 422 ], [ 423, 568 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Magic Flute} [or Die {Zauberfl\u00f6te}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One aria in this opera was written specifically to challenge its composer's sister-in-law Josepha Hofer and is the standard example of coloratura style.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517fd9", "qanta_id": 69964, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One aria in this opera was written specifically to challenge its composer's sister-in-law Josepha Hofer and is the standard example of coloratura style. A bird catcher in this opera takes credit for killing a serpent and joins its protagonist in enduring a string of ordeals created by some priests of Isis. In addition to Papageno, characters in this opera include Sarastro, whose death is ordered by the Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera in which Tamino uses the title enchanted musical instrument.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 307 ], [ 308, 425 ], [ 426, 524 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Poseidon} [or {Neptune}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god was the dedicatee of the Isthmian Games. He slept with Aethra on the same night as Aegeus, and ordered the death of Hippolytus at the request of his son Theseus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poseidon", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517ff0", "qanta_id": 69987, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god was the dedicatee of the Isthmian Games. He slept with Aethra on the same night as Aegeus, and ordered the death of Hippolytus at the request of his son Theseus. This god lost a contest when his offering was judged inferior to the olive trees of Athena. His offspring include the shape-shifter Proteus and the god Triton. This god of earthquakes was the brother of Zeus and was often depicted with a trident. For 10 points, name this Greco-Roman god of the oceans.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 262 ], [ 263, 330 ], [ 331, 417 ], [ 418, 473 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Gianlorenzo {Bernini}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one sculpture by this man, a bearded grandfather lifts the household idols as he is carried away by his son.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517ff1", "qanta_id": 69988, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one sculpture by this man, a bearded grandfather lifts the household idols as he is carried away by his son. This sculptor of Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius depicted a man in the action of firing a slingshot in his version of David. He included depictions of the Nile, Danube, and Ganges in his Fountain of the Four Rivers. He sculpted rods of golden light for the background of a sculpture in which an angel prepares to plunge a spear into the title saint. For 10 points, renaissance sculptor of The Ecstasy of St. Theresa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 235 ], [ 236, 326 ], [ 327, 460 ], [ 461, 527 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Carl Gustav {Jung}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker borrowed the term \"unus mundus\" to refer to the one reality underlying the world.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carl_Jung", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905517ff6", "qanta_id": 69993, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker borrowed the term \"unus mundus\" to refer to the one reality underlying the world. He termed the phenomenon in which two significant incidents occur simultaneously by chance as \"synchronicity.\" The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was inspired by this man's writings. He developed the concepts of extroversion and introversion, and named the animus and anima as some archetypes. For 10 points, name this Swiss thinker who developed the idea of the \"collective unconscious,\" a psychoanalyst who broke with Freud.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 205 ], [ 206, 274 ], [ 275, 385 ], [ 386, 518 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Albrecht {D\u00fcrer}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A work by this artist depicts a piece of artillery, and one of this artist's paintings depicts a merchant of the Bavarian town of Lindau.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albrecht_D\u00fcrer", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905518012", "qanta_id": 70021, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A work by this artist depicts a piece of artillery, and one of this artist's paintings depicts a merchant of the Bavarian town of Lindau. One of the magi dressed in blue, yellow, and orange appears on the right side of one of his works, and another includes imagery of a bell, an hourglass, and a four-by-four magic square in the top right of the work. For 10 points, identify this artist of Melancholia I, a Nuremberg-based Northern Renaissance German artist of such works as The Praying Hands, The Knight, Death, and the Devil, and Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 352 ], [ 353, 403 ], [ 404, 566 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{R}obert {Browning} (prompt on \u201cBrowning\u201d)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The title character of one of this man's poems plays his music \"where Saint Mark's is, where the Doges used to wed the sea with rings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Browning", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905518053", "qanta_id": 70086, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title character of one of this man's poems plays his music \"where Saint Mark's is, where the Doges used to wed the sea with rings.\" The speaker of another of his poems notes \"yet God has not said a word,\" after strangling a woman with her hair. As the author of \"A Toccata of Galuppi\" and \"Porphyria's Lover,\" this poet also created a poetic treatment of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. He pioneered the \"dramatic monologue,\" an example of which sees a duke tell of how he had his wife killed because \"she had a heart too soon made glad.\" For 10 points, name this British Victorian poet of \"My Last Duchess,\" the husband of Elizabeth Barrett.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 134, 135 ], [ 136, 248 ], [ 249, 385 ], [ 386, 537 ], [ 538, 641 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Leonardo {da Vinci} (accept either underlined portion)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A lost painting by this man was commissioned to compete with Michelangelo's Battle of Cascina and was called The Battle of Anghiari.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonardo_da_Vinci", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905518057", "qanta_id": 70090, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A lost painting by this man was commissioned to compete with Michelangelo's Battle of Cascina and was called The Battle of Anghiari. He painted an infant John the Baptist sitting on a cliff next to the title figure of his Madonna of the Rocks. This man demonstrated the \"canon of proportions\" with a sketch of a man inscribed in a square and a circle titled the \"Vitruvian Man.\" Another of his paintings shows Peter holding a knife and Judas wearing green and blue. For 10 points, name this Renaissance Italian painter of The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 243 ], [ 244, 378 ], [ 379, 465 ], [ 466, 556 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Republic of {South Africa}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A long scenic stretch along this country's southern coast is known as the \"Garden Route\" and includes the Cango Caves.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "South_Africa", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551805b", "qanta_id": 70094, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A long scenic stretch along this country's southern coast is known as the \"Garden Route\" and includes the Cango Caves. A large desert region in this country is known as the \"Karoo,\" and its highest mountain range is the Drakensberg. One city in this country has the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront, is overlooked by Table Mountain, and is accessible by boat from Robben Island. Its provinces include Gauteng and Limpopo and its judicial capital is at Bloemfontein. For 10 points, name this African country with other capitals at Pretoria and Capetown.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 232 ], [ 233, 376 ], [ 377, 463 ], [ 464, 550 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Anton {Chekhov}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a short story by this author, the banker Dmitri Gurov falls in love with Ana while vacationing in Yalta and begins an illicit affair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton_Chekhov", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551805e", "qanta_id": 70097, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a short story by this author, the banker Dmitri Gurov falls in love with Ana while vacationing in Yalta and begins an illicit affair. A play by this author was adapted from The Wood Demon and features Ivan Voynitsky, who becomes tired of looking after the estate of his professor brother-in-law. This author of \"Lady with a Dog\" and Uncle Vanya also wrote of the young playwright Treplev who kills himself after killing the title bird. For 10 points, name this Russian playwright of The Cherry Orchard and The Seagull.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 298 ], [ 299, 438 ], [ 439, 521 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Waste Land}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poem parodies an Irving Berlin song in describing \"that Shakespearian Rag\" as \"so elegant so intelligent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Waste_Land", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905518063", "qanta_id": 70102, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poem parodies an Irving Berlin song in describing \"that Shakespearian Rag\" as \"so elegant so intelligent.\" Much of the imagery in this poem was inspired by Jessie Weston's book about the Fisher King and the Grail legend. One section of this poem promises to \"show you fear in a handful of dust,\" and this poem ends with the incantation \"Shantih shantih shantih.\" This poem's five sections include \"Death by Water\" and \"A Game of Chess,\" and it begins \"April is the cruellest month.\" For 10 points, name this poem by T.S. Eliot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 110, 111 ], [ 112, 225 ], [ 226, 366 ], [ 366, 487 ], [ 488, 532 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "War of {1812}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one battle of this war, Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Morrison was dominant in driving American forces away from Crysler's Farm.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_1812", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905518064", "qanta_id": 70103, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one battle of this war, Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Morrison was dominant in driving American forces away from Crysler's Farm. In another of this war's battles, a Kentucky brigade suffered a brutal loss to General Winchester at the Battle of Raisin River. During this war, General MacDonough was successful in ending the progression of British troops led by Sir George Prevost. One commander declared \"We have met the enemy and he is ours\" at this war's Battle of Lake Erie. Major battles of this war included Fort McHenry and New Orleans. For 10 points, name this Anglo-American War ended by the treaty of Ghent and named for the year it began in.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 256 ], [ 257, 378 ], [ 379, 475 ], [ 476, 540 ], [ 541, 649 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Uncle Tom's Cabin}, or Life Among the Lowly", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one scene in this novel, Senator Bird disobeys a law he just passed to help Eliza.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncle_Tom's_Cabin", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551806b", "qanta_id": 70110, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one scene in this novel, Senator Bird disobeys a law he just passed to help Eliza. The plot of this novel begins when Mr. Shelby becomes indebted and the protagonist meets Haley as a result. In this novel, the saintliness of Eva is contrasted with the petulant Topsy and cranky aunt Ophelia. The death of Eva and her father Augustine St. Clare force the title character to go to a plantation in rural Louisiana. In this novel, Cassie unsuccessfully tries to convince the protagonist to kill the cruel slave driver Simon Legree. For 10 points, name this 1852 anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 193 ], [ 194, 294 ], [ 295, 414 ], [ 415, 530 ], [ 531, 605 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Mughal}s", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One member of this dynasty attempted to found a new syncretic religion called Din I-Ilahi at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mughal_Empire", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551806c", "qanta_id": 70111, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One member of this dynasty attempted to found a new syncretic religion called Din I-Ilahi at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. This dynasty was briefly exiled by the Suri family after coming to power by defeating Ibrahim Lodi. One of its last members, Bahadur II, allied with the Sepoy rebellion in an attempt to retake power. Earlier members tortured the Sikh guru Tegh Bahadur, built the Red Fort, and memorialized a queen of this dynasty in the Taj Mahal. For 10 points, name this Muslim dynasty led by rulers such as Aurangzeb, Shah Jahan, Babur, and Akbar, the rulers of India from 1526 until the coming of the British?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 223 ], [ 224, 323 ], [ 324, 455 ], [ 456, 621 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{inflation} [accept change or rise in {price} levels or equivalents before \"cost-push\" is read; prompt afterwards]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Like quantity, an index for measuring this phenomenon is named for Fisher.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inflation", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551806d", "qanta_id": 70112, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Like quantity, an index for measuring this phenomenon is named for Fisher. A decrease in aggregate supply results in the \"cost-push\" form of this phenomenon. This phenomenon is represented by an upward move of the equilibrium on an aggregate supply-aggregate demand graph. The GDP deflator accounts for this phenomenon, which is corrected in real GDP but not nominal GDP. An extreme form of this phenomenon occurred in the Hungarian pengo and the Zimbabwean dollar. For 10 points, identify this economic term for a general rise in prices.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 157 ], [ 158, 272 ], [ 273, 371 ], [ 372, 465 ], [ 466, 538 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Abraham {Maslow}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker included a chapter titled \"On Low Grumbles, High Grumbles and Meta-Grumbles\" in his book", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Abraham_Maslow", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905518094", "qanta_id": 70151, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker included a chapter titled \"On Low Grumbles, High Grumbles and Meta-Grumbles\" in his book The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. This man described the kind of euphoria people felt reaching a higher level of existence, especially with mysticism, with the term \"peak experience.\" This student of Harry Harlow was along with Carl Rogers one of the leaders of humanistic psychology. He developed a construct that began with physiological wants and ended with self-actualization. For 10 points, name this developer of the \"Hierarchy of Needs.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 138 ], [ 139, 288 ], [ 289, 389 ], [ 390, 485 ], [ 486, 549 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Madame Butterfly} [or {Madama Butterfly}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this opera describes the future day when her lover will arrive on a boat in the aria \"Un Bel Di\" or \"One Beautiful Day.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madama_Butterfly", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905518096", "qanta_id": 70153, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this opera describes the future day when her lover will arrive on a boat in the aria \"Un Bel Di\" or \"One Beautiful Day.\" The only baritone role in this opera is the consul Sharpless who reads letters for the protagonist, who has a maid named Suzuki. That protagonist blindfolds her child Sorrow before stabbing herself when her lover B.F. Pinkerton returns with a wife. For 10 points, name this Giacomo Puccini opera about an American lieutenant's affair with the Japanese woman Cio-Cio San.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 138, 268 ], [ 269, 388 ], [ 389, 510 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William {James}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker wrote that times when evidence is unavailable until after belief and cases when believing something actually made it true were situations in which beliefs should be adopted without proof.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_James", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905518097", "qanta_id": 70154, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker wrote that times when evidence is unavailable until after belief and cases when believing something actually made it true were situations in which beliefs should be adopted without proof. This author of \"The Will to Believe\" decried the lack of scientific study of religious beliefs in his Gifford Lectures on \"Natural Theology.\" He used the example of a squirrel running around a tree in a book about \"a new name for some old ways of thinking.\" For 10 points, name this author of The Varieties of Religious Experience and Pragmatism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 342 ], [ 343, 458 ], [ 459, 547 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Athens}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One king of this city allegedly committed incest with his daughter Procris.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athens", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551809d", "qanta_id": 70160, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One king of this city allegedly committed incest with his daughter Procris. Three princesses of this city jumped to their deaths after seeing serpents in a box containing their brother Erichthonius. After the death of Cekrops this city was ruled by a man who drowned himself in his namesake sea after seeing the black sails of a ship. Another king of this city was helped by Ariadne to navigate the labyrinth and slay the Minotaur. For 10 points, name this city ruled by Theseus before its development of democracy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 198 ], [ 199, 334 ], [ 335, 431 ], [ 432, 515 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Johann Carl Friedrich {Gauss}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The formulation of one of this man's laws is equivalent to the statement that magnetic monopoles do not exist and states that the net magnetic flux out of any closed surface is zero.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carl_Friedrich_Gauss", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551809f", "qanta_id": 70162, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The formulation of one of this man's laws is equivalent to the statement that magnetic monopoles do not exist and states that the net magnetic flux out of any closed surface is zero. Another of his laws states that the total of the electric flux out of a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed divided by the permittivity. For 10 points, name this German mathematician and physicist whose namesake equations form two of Maxwell's equations and who names a magnetic field unit equivalent to 10 to the -4 Tesla.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 330 ], [ 331, 517 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Gettysburg}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The winning side's line in this battle contained Culp's Hill, a major point of fighting late in this battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Gettysburg", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca9055180a7", "qanta_id": 70170, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The winning side's line in this battle contained Culp's Hill, a major point of fighting late in this battle. Another location of fighting during this battle was Devil's Den. During this battle, Joshua Chamberlain's 20th Maine ran out of ammunition but used a bayonet charge to resist a Confederate advance at Little Round Top. Decisively, the turning point of this battle occurred when Union troops under Meade were able to hold Cemetery Ridge against Pickett's Charge. For 10 points, name this July 1863 Pennsylvania battle, in which Lee's second advance into the North was brutally halted.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 173 ], [ 174, 326 ], [ 327, 469 ], [ 470, 591 ] ], "tournament": "Vanderbilt ABC/2011 VCU Winter", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Arthur {Schopenhauer}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He wrote \"obit anus, abit onus\" on the death certificate of an old woman whom he had to pay an allowance after throwing her down a flight of stairs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arthur_Schopenhauer", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca9055180bf", "qanta_id": 70194, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote \"obit anus, abit onus\" on the death certificate of an old woman whom he had to pay an allowance after throwing her down a flight of stairs. He built upon Leibniz, writing his doctoral thesis on \"Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason,\" but he was most widely known during his lifetime for such works as The Basis of Morality and his book of aphorisms, Parerga und Paralipomena. However, his fame rests on a four-volume work that draws in some measure from his admiration of Eastern philosophy and \"philosophy of pessimism.\" FTP, name this German author of The World as Will and Idea?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 399 ], [ 400, 544 ], [ 544, 605 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{collagen}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Its Type IV variety is the primary component of the basal lamina.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Collagen", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905518128", "qanta_id": 70299, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its Type IV variety is the primary component of the basal lamina. Since cells do not attach well to its naked form, a linkage system featuring the attachment of integrin to fibronectin to this molecule is the typical way in which it is found in the body. Dermatomyositis and scleroderma are known to disrupt its function and can also disrupt its secretion, which is managed by the osteoblasts. Its Type II is found in cartilage, but Type I is the most prevalent form of, FTP, what fibrous protein, the most abundant protein in vertebrates?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 254 ], [ 255, 393 ], [ 394, 539 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Bose-Einstein condensate} (prompt on \u201cB-E-C\u201d)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "They can be made to have an extremely high gradient in the optical densities, resulting in extremely low measured speed of light within them; some have slowed beams of light down to mere meters per second.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bose\u2013Einstein_condensate", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551812d", "qanta_id": 70304, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "They can be made to have an extremely high gradient in the optical densities, resulting in extremely low measured speed of light within them; some have slowed beams of light down to mere meters per second. In November 2003 independent teams led by Rudolf Grimm and Deborah Jin were able to show that they can also be formed from molecules. Chu, Phillips, and Cohen- Tannoudji won a Nobel for the technique used to create them, though the final achievement, using a cloud of approximately 2000 rubidium atoms, was done by Wieman, Ketterle, and Cornell. Formed from matter that has been cooled to near absolute zero, FTP, name this so-called fifth phase of matter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 206, 339 ], [ 340, 551 ], [ 552, 662 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{neutrino}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In 1969 Ray Davis began the Homestake Experiment to try and catch a few of them per year.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutrino", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca90551813c", "qanta_id": 70319, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1969 Ray Davis began the Homestake Experiment to try and catch a few of them per year. It is quite difficult to see when they are deflected by exchanging a Z-boson with a proton or neutron, but we do known that since our body contains about 20 milligrams of Potassium 40, we emit 340 million of these particles every day. Bethe and Peierls showed that the probability of interaction between them and matter should be small and they were finally detected in 1956 by Cowan and Reines. In 1998 the Super-Kamiokande Experiement announced that evidence for those with non-zero mass was found. FTP, name this type of lepton with no electric charge and which was first predicted by Pauli.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 324 ], [ 325, 485 ], [ 486, 590 ], [ 591, 684 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{alkyne}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This functional group is often added to estradiol agonists to make orally active contraceptives.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkyne", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca905518186", "qanta_id": 70393, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This functional group is often added to estradiol agonists to make orally active contraceptives. Hydroboration produces either an aldehyde or ketone via tautomerization from an enol intermediate, while an acidic potassium permanganate solution cleaves them and forms two carboxylic acids. When found terminally on a carbon chain, they are very weakly acidic and form highly nucleophilic anions in the presence of sodium amide; these are often used to lengthen a carbon chain in a synthesis. In a dissolving metal solution, they can be reduced to trans-alkenes, while hydrogenation in the presence of Lindlar's catalyst can reduce them to cis-alkenes. FTP, name this functional group composed of two carbons connected by a triple bond.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 288 ], [ 289, 490 ], [ 491, 650 ], [ 651, 734 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Marathon}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Athenians waited for the Spartans to join them, but with the fall of Eritrea (ER-ih-TREE-ah), Athens was forced to engage the Persian army before reinforcements could arrive.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Marathon", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca9055181a6", "qanta_id": 70425, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Athenians waited for the Spartans to join them, but with the fall of Eritrea (ER-ih-TREE-ah), Athens was forced to engage the Persian army before reinforcements could arrive. Because the Athenians' center was under heavier attack, it moved more slowly than the wings, unintentionally leading their force to envelop the Persian army, which broke and retreated to its ships. For ten points, name this 490 BC battle after which, allegedly, an Athenian soldier ran 34 km to announce the victory to Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 376 ], [ 377, 505 ] ], "tournament": "Crusader Cup", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Auguste {Rodin}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Fifty-one years after the birth of his son, this artist married the mother, but Rose Beuret passed two weeks later and the artist died in November of that year.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca9055181b2", "qanta_id": 70437, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Fifty-one years after the birth of his son, this artist married the mother, but Rose Beuret passed two weeks later and the artist died in November of that year. The marriage was perhaps delayed by a long affair with his student, Camille Claudel, thought to be the source of The Poet and Love, The Genius and Pity, and The Sculptor and his Muse. FTP, name this French sculptor better known for Dante-inspired The Gates of Hell, and for The Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 344 ], [ 345, 447 ] ], "tournament": "Crusader Cup", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Ren\u00e9 {Descartes}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After leaving the army in 1619, he visited an old classmate, Marin Mersenne, in whose cell he noticed a fly buzzing on the wall.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca9055181b4", "qanta_id": 70439, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After leaving the army in 1619, he visited an old classmate, Marin Mersenne, in whose cell he noticed a fly buzzing on the wall. He came up with a new way of determining the fly's position using two lines from the side and below, which he later described more fully in an essay entitled Geography appended to his Discourse on Method. FTP name this French philosopher and mathematician known for his famous dictum \"I think, therefore I am.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 333 ], [ 334, 414 ], [ 414, 439 ] ], "tournament": "Crusader Cup", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Ludwig van {Beethoven}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His Triple Concerto is one of the first works of its genre. He has a nephew named Karl and a devoted musical friend named Schubert.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_van_Beethoven", "proto_id": "5476da98ea23cca9055181bc", "qanta_id": 70447, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His Triple Concerto is one of the first works of its genre. He has a nephew named Karl and a devoted musical friend named Schubert. Never a self-promoter, always a care-free snob, he revolutionized orchestral music with the Choral Fantasy and turned tragedy into triumph in his fifth symphony. FTP, name this German father of romanticism who wrote the Eroica and Pastoral symphonies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 293 ], [ 294, 383 ] ], "tournament": "Crusader Cup", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{All Quiet on the Western Front}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While the majority of this novel is told in first person, the last two paragraphs are in third person.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055181cc", "qanta_id": 70463, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While the majority of this novel is told in first person, the last two paragraphs are in third person. Believing the patriotic fervor of their schoolmaster Kantorek, the narrator and his friends have enlisted in the German army but soon are disillusioned and are killed or desert. By the end of the novel, the narrator Paul Baumer is the last of his friends to die and he welcomes it. For ten points, name this anti-war novel by Erich Maria Remarque (ray-MARK).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 280 ], [ 281, 384 ], [ 385, 461 ] ], "tournament": "Crusader Cup", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Willa {Cather}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The 1905 publication of The Troll Garden, her first collection of stories, landed her a job as an editor at _McClure's Magazine_.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willa_Cather", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055181de", "qanta_id": 70480, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The 1905 publication of The Troll Garden, her first collection of stories, landed her a job as an editor at _McClure's Magazine_. She left _McClure's_ in 1912 to devote herself to writing full time, setting her stories on the Great Plains and depicting strong female characters such as Thea Kronborg in _The Song of the Lark_ and Alexandra Bergson in _O Pioneers_. For ten points, name this author of _My Antonia_ and _Death Comes for the Archbishop_.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 304 ], [ 304, 353 ], [ 354, 364 ], [ 365, 402 ], [ 402, 451 ] ], "tournament": "Crusader Cup", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Cystic Fibrosis}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The most common inherited fatal disease among Caucasians, this disorder occurs in one of 2500 births, though less frequently in African-American populations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cystic_fibrosis", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055181ee", "qanta_id": 70496, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The most common inherited fatal disease among Caucasians, this disorder occurs in one of 2500 births, though less frequently in African-American populations. Affecting the exocrine glands, it causes mucous secretions in many parts of the body to become thickened, consequently blocking the pancreas and infecting the lungs. For ten points, name this disorder sometimes abbreviated CF.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 323 ], [ 324, 384 ] ], "tournament": "Crusader Cup", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Emily {Dickinson}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "As most of the over 1700 poems by this writer are untitled, works are often identified by Johnson numbers, those assigned by editor Thomas Johnson in his 1955 edition of her works.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Emily_Dickinson", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518209", "qanta_id": 70523, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As most of the over 1700 poems by this writer are untitled, works are often identified by Johnson numbers, those assigned by editor Thomas Johnson in his 1955 edition of her works. She has been noted for her unconventional use of dashes and capitalization, but her use of hymn meter means many of her poems can be sung to \"The Yellow Rose of Texas.\" FTP, name this Amherst poet whose works include \"I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 348 ], [ 348, 430 ] ], "tournament": "Crusader Cup", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Charlemagne} or {Charles the Great}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Treaty of Verdun forced the division of his empire among his grandsons Lothair, Louis the German, and Charles the Bald.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551821b", "qanta_id": 70541, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Treaty of Verdun forced the division of his empire among his grandsons Lothair, Louis the German, and Charles the Bald. His reign began in 768 and he conquered the Lombards in 774, but much of his power was derived from overthrow of the Merovingian dynasty orchestrated by his father Pepin the Short. Officially crowned emperor by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day in 800, For ten points, name this \"great\" Carolingian king of the Franks.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 304 ], [ 305, 438 ] ], "tournament": "Crusader Cup", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Dylan {Thomas}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His Collected Poems appeared in 1953, the year his alcoholic lifestyle finally caught up to him and killed him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dylan_Thomas", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551821c", "qanta_id": 70542, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His Collected Poems appeared in 1953, the year his alcoholic lifestyle finally caught up to him and killed him. Many of his best stories appear in the collections Adventures in the Skin Trade and Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog. Among his best-known works in the 1952 \"play for voices\", Under Milk Wood. For ten points name this Welsh author, perhaps best known for such poems as \"Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 234 ], [ 235, 309 ], [ 310, 426 ] ], "tournament": "Crusader Cup", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Leonhard {Euler} (OY-lur)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This mathematician's name is applied to the totient (TOH- shunt) function, and his eponymous characteristic is the number of vertices minus edges plus faces of a topological space.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055182cb", "qanta_id": 70717, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This mathematician's name is applied to the totient (TOH- shunt) function, and his eponymous characteristic is the number of vertices minus edges plus faces of a topological space. His identity states that his namesake number to the power of i x equals cosine of x plus sine of ix. This scientist went blind in one eye from a fever and later the other from a cataract. He solved the problem of the Seven (*) Bridges of K\u00f6nigsberg, thus pioneering graph theory. Name this scientist for whom is named the logarithmic base e, a Swiss mathematician.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 281 ], [ 282, 368 ], [ 369, 460 ], [ 461, 545 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Italy}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A Nobel Laureate from this country wrote of Madame Pace, whose brothel employs The Mother and The Stepdaughter; that play ends with a complaint by The Manager.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italy", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055182d0", "qanta_id": 70722, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A Nobel Laureate from this country wrote of Madame Pace, whose brothel employs The Mother and The Stepdaughter; that play ends with a complaint by The Manager. A Henry James work set in this country sees Giovanelli court the title girl. In addition to Six Characters in Search of an Author and Daisy Miller, this country sees the (*) frame story surrounding the one hundred tales in The Decameron. Name this European country, the homeland of Luigi Pirandello and Giovanni Boccaccio.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 236 ], [ 237, 397 ], [ 398, 482 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Shinto}ism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The homeland of this religion was created when its founding gods stood on a rainbow and dipped a spear into the primordial waters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shinto", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055182db", "qanta_id": 70733, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The homeland of this religion was created when its founding gods stood on a rainbow and dipped a spear into the primordial waters. One of those gods, Izanagi, later failed to rescue his wife from Yomi, the underworld of this religion. Shrine entrances of this religion are marked by Torii, and the sun goddess (*) Amaterasu is said to be the ancestor of the ruling family of this religion's homeland. Notable for the worship of kami, spirits that inhabit all living things, name this national religion of Japan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 234 ], [ 235, 400 ], [ 401, 511 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John {Milton}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author referenced \"vain deluding joys\" in a work addressed to a goddess of melancholy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Milton", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055182e9", "qanta_id": 70747, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author referenced \"vain deluding joys\" in a work addressed to a goddess of melancholy. In addition to Il Pensoroso, this author of Lycidas wrote a work that features the palace Pandemonium and which was followed a by a sequel in which the title place is (*) Regain'd. That work by this author concerns \"man's first disobedience\" and sees Beelzebub convince Lucifer to tempt Adam and Eve after he is exiled in Hell for a failed rebellion against God. Name this blind British poet of the 1600s who wrote the epic poem Paradise Lost.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 272 ], [ 273, 454 ], [ 455, 535 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Carmen}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In Act 3 of this opera, Frasquita and Mercedes triumph in the good fortune that tarot cards hold for them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carmen", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055182ec", "qanta_id": 70750, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Act 3 of this opera, Frasquita and Mercedes triumph in the good fortune that tarot cards hold for them. The title character's first song claims that \"Love is a rebellious bird,\" before throwing a bouquet to Don Jos\u00e9; that title character is later killed by Don Jos\u00e9 as a refrain of Escamillo's (*) \"Toreador Song\" is played. Famous for the \"Habanera,\" name this opera about the titular gypsy cigarette factory worker, composed by Georges Bizet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 327 ], [ 328, 447 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Immanuel {Kant}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this author requires a world of constitutional republics to attain the namesake state of Perpetual Peace.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055182ef", "qanta_id": 70753, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this author requires a world of constitutional republics to attain the namesake state of Perpetual Peace. The first formulation of one of this ethical theories states that one should only act if that action should become universal law, while his most famous work includes a debunking of the ontological proof of God's existence in the course of studying (*) a priori synthetic judgments. The formulator of the categorical imperative, name this German philosopher and author of Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 399 ], [ 400, 546 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Ares} [accept {Mars} before \"Greek\"]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Hermes rescued this god after two giants chained him inside of an urn for thirteen months.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ares", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518306", "qanta_id": 70776, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Hermes rescued this god after two giants chained him inside of an urn for thirteen months. Cadmus slayed the dragon guarding this god's spring, but this deity eventually let him marry his daughter Harmonia anyway. The golden fleece is in a grove dedicated to this brother of Eris, who took on the form of a boar to slay (*) Adonis. Athena worked with Diomedes to wound this deity during the Trojan war, and Hephaestus eventually captured Aphrodite in a net with him. Name this Greek god of war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 213 ], [ 214, 331 ], [ 332, 466 ], [ 467, 494 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{entropy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Shannon's version of this quantity applies to information systems.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518307", "qanta_id": 70777, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Shannon's version of this quantity applies to information systems. Equal to the number of microstates in a system times Boltzmann's constant, this quantity can also be expressed as the amount of energy in a system unavailable to do work. A thought experiment called Maxwell's Demon supposedly (*) decreases this value, even though this value is always increasing in the universe according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Symbolized by capital S, name this measure of disorder in a system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 237 ], [ 238, 425 ], [ 426, 493 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Virginia Stephen {Woolf}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author's novels include one whose title character transforms into a woman in Constantinople, and another in which Florinda and Clara Durrant describe the title man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Virginia_Woolf", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551830d", "qanta_id": 70783, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author's novels include one whose title character transforms into a woman in Constantinople, and another in which Florinda and Clara Durrant describe the title man. In addition to Orlando: A Biography and Jacob's Room, this author wrote a novel in which Septimus commits suicide by defenestration and Peter Walsh attends Clarissa's dinner party. Another novel sees (*) Mrs. Ramsay die in a section titled \"Time Passes.\" Famous for the feminist essay \"A Room of One's Own,\" Name this British author of Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 193 ], [ 194, 350 ], [ 351, 373 ], [ 374, 424 ], [ 425, 542 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ivan the Terrible", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler unified the Church through the Council of the Hundred Chapters and established an assembly known as the Zemsky Sobor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_the_Terrible", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551831f", "qanta_id": 70801, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler unified the Church through the Council of the Hundred Chapters and established an assembly known as the Zemsky Sobor. This founder of the streltsy, he was aided by political policemen known as oprichniks, who helped in his fight against the boyars, whom he suspected of poisoning his first wife. He caused a (*) miscarriage in his stepdaughter by beating her, and also killed his son with a blow to the head. Name this first Czar of Russia, nicknamed for his ferocity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 306 ], [ 307, 419 ], [ 420, 479 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Waterloo}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This battle saw the absence of Emmanuel Grouchy's corps, as well as fierce fighting around Hougouemont and La Haye Sainte.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Waterloo", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551832b", "qanta_id": 70813, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This battle saw the absence of Emmanuel Grouchy's corps, as well as fierce fighting around Hougouemont and La Haye Sainte. Charges by French cavalry were repelled by squares of British troops in this battle which interrupted the Congress of Vienna. Victorious generals in this battle include the Prussian leader (*) von Blucher and Britain's Duke of Wellington. Name this last battle of the Hundred Days which ended the return of Napoleon Bonaparte.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 248 ], [ 249, 361 ], [ 362, 449 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{O. Henry} [or William Sydney {Porter} before mentioned]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this author sees the old man Behrman die of pneumonia after painting a leaf onto an ivy vine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "O._Henry", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551833c", "qanta_id": 70830, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this author sees the old man Behrman die of pneumonia after painting a leaf onto an ivy vine. This author of \"The Last Leaf\" and the collection The Four Million wrote a story in which Della Young buys a watch fob for her husband after selling her (*) hair to a wigmaker; her husband Jim had simultaneously sold his watch to buy her beautiful combs. Born William Sydney Porter, name this American author known for short stories, such as \"The Ransom of Red Chief\" and \"The Gift of the Magi,\" that have surprising twist endings.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 360 ], [ 361, 537 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Osiris} or {Usiris} or {Aser} [accept {Ptah}-{Seker}-{Osiris} in any order]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god was worshipped as Serapis in Alexandria, but his major cult center was Abydos.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Osiris", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518343", "qanta_id": 70837, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god was worshipped as Serapis in Alexandria, but his major cult center was Abydos. The eldest son of Geb and Nut, this god was locked in a chest, after which his body was found supporting a palace in Byblos; after finding him, his killer tore him into 14 pieces, 13 of which were found and reassembled by his wife. That killer was his brother (*) Set, who was later defeated by this man's son, Horus. Symbolized as a green mummy holding a crook and flail, name this husband of Isis and Egyptian god of the afterlife.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 319 ], [ 320, 405 ], [ 406, 521 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{trumpet}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One famous player of this instrument composed \"A Night in Tunisia\", and, with Charlie Parker, that musician is famous for popularizing bebop.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trumpet", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551834f", "qanta_id": 70849, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One famous player of this instrument composed \"A Night in Tunisia\", and, with Charlie Parker, that musician is famous for popularizing bebop. Another musician famous for playing this instrument recorded \"Boplicity\" and \"Freddie Freeloader\" on the albums (*) Birth of the Cool and Kind of Blue, respectively. Played in bent form by Dizzy Gillespie, name this brass instrument famously played by Miles Davis and Louis Armstrong.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 257 ], [ 258, 307 ], [ 308, 426 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John {Locke}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He said that governments should accept other Christian denominations to limit civil unrest, and both Leibniz and Berkeley criticized him for attacking the concept of innate ideas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Locke", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518352", "qanta_id": 70852, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He said that governments should accept other Christian denominations to limit civil unrest, and both Leibniz and Berkeley criticized him for attacking the concept of innate ideas. Besides penning a Letter Concerning Tolerance, this philosopher stated that secondary qualities of objects do not exist without human perceptions, and that minds are born like (*) blank tablets or \"tabula rasa\". Name this suggester of the right to \"life, liberty and property\", a British empiricist who wrote Two Treatises of Government and Essay Concerning Human Understanding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 391 ], [ 392, 558 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Boron}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Suzuki coupling reacts an aryl halide with a substituted acid of this element, while another of its acids is considered the safest pesticide, since this element is highly toxic to insects but not mammals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Boron", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518362", "qanta_id": 70868, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Suzuki coupling reacts an aryl halide with a substituted acid of this element, while another of its acids is considered the safest pesticide, since this element is highly toxic to insects but not mammals. This element's effectiveness at absorbing neutrons makes its carbide an ideal material for nuclear reactor control rods, it forms trivalent compounds that (*) violate the octet rule, and its silicate is used to make Pyrex laboratory glassware. Name this metalloid element with atomic number 5 and symbol B.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 208 ], [ 209, 452 ], [ 453, 515 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Athens}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This city was supplied by the port of Piraeus, to which it was connected by the Long Walls; that port supplied this city during a conflict which saw its defeat in the Sicilian Expedition.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athens", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518370", "qanta_id": 70882, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This city was supplied by the port of Piraeus, to which it was connected by the Long Walls; that port supplied this city during a conflict which saw its defeat in the Sicilian Expedition. One leader of this leading city of the Delian League was Alcibiades, who served as one of its military leaders, or (*) strategos; another leader of this city with that title was Thucydides. Home to the Acropolis and Parthenon, name this city-state, led by Pericles against Sparta.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 377 ], [ 378, 468 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Friedrich {Nietzsche} (NEETCH-uh)", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Walter Kaufmann translated this thinker's The Case of Wagner.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518376", "qanta_id": 70888, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Walter Kaufmann translated this thinker's The Case of Wagner. He later rejected Wagner's romanticism and anti-Semitism in another essay collected in his On the Genealogy of Morals. He explained \"Why I Am So Wise\" in his autobiographical Ecce Homo, and described the will-to-power as a motivation to rise above slave morality. In another work, he describes eternal recurrence and the rise of the (*) ubermensch. Name this German philosopher who attacked Christianity in works like Beyond Good and Evil, and who stated \"God is dead\" in The Gay Science and Thus Spoke Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 180 ], [ 181, 325 ], [ 326, 410 ], [ 411, 577 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Dionysus} [accept {Bacchus} before \"Greek\"]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god carried the Thyrsus, and a play by Euripides sees this figure cause Agave to kill her son for failing to worship this deity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dionysus", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518382", "qanta_id": 70900, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god carried the Thyrsus, and a play by Euripides sees this figure cause Agave to kill her son for failing to worship this deity. In one myth, he was ripped to pieces by Titans, and in another he caused the deaths of Lycurgus and his son. This god, worshiped by the Maenads, was married to Ariadne. This god's mother, (*) Semele, was a mortal woman killed when she saw this god's father. Born from Zeus's thigh after his mother's death, identify this \"twice-born\" god of Greek mythology, who presided over wine and nature.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 242 ], [ 243, 302 ], [ 303, 325 ], [ 326, 391 ], [ 392, 526 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Auguste {Rodin}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist portrayed a dynamic figure with both feet on the ground in his intentionally unfinished The Walking Man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551839d", "qanta_id": 70926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist portrayed a dynamic figure with both feet on the ground in his intentionally unfinished The Walking Man. He sculpted designs of later works like Ugolino into a portal inspired by (*) Dante. He also sculpted Paolo and Francesca from Dante's Inferno in a lovelock, as well as a work where a poet sits with his chin on his knuckles in a contemplative pose. Name this French sculptor of The Gates of Hell, which includes The Kiss, and The Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 201 ], [ 202, 365 ], [ 366, 455 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Black Hole}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These astronomical objects emit a radiation partially named for Beckenstein, and Penrose theorized a process for extracting energy from rotating ones.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055183a1", "qanta_id": 70930, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These astronomical objects emit a radiation partially named for Beckenstein, and Penrose theorized a process for extracting energy from rotating ones. These entities are smaller than their Schwarzchild radius, which therefore becomes the event horizon for non-rotating ones. Containing (*) singularities at their center, name these astronomical bodies, for which Stephen Hawking developed four laws of mechanics, that are so massive that not even light can escape their pull.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 274 ], [ 275, 285 ], [ 286, 475 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Echinodermata or echinoderms", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The largest phylum found only in sea water, members of this phylum are distinguished by their water vascular system used for locomotion and feeding.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Echinoderm", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055183be", "qanta_id": 70959, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The largest phylum found only in sea water, members of this phylum are distinguished by their water vascular system used for locomotion and feeding. They are deuterostomes like their closest relatives, the Chordata, but possess only secondary bilateral symmetry, as their primary symmetry is radial and usually fivefold. For ten points, what is this phylum, consisting of classes such as sea cucumbers, starfish, and sea urchins?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 320 ], [ 321, 429 ] ], "tournament": "Science Monstrosity", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "War of the Triple Alliance (accept Paraguayan War before *)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The final three years of this war consisted of a guerilla campaign which culminated in the battle of Cerro Cora, where the defenders were finally defeated.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paraguayan_War", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518474", "qanta_id": 71139, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The final three years of this war consisted of a guerilla campaign which culminated in the battle of Cerro Cora, where the defenders were finally defeated. The tide had turned when Colorado faction leader Venancio Flores was brought into the war, which started due to Brazilian reprisals against casualties caused by Uruguay's civil war, prompting *Paraguayan President Francisco Solano Lopez to declare war on Brazil, and after Argentina refused to allow Lopez's troops free passage Lopez declared war on Argentina as well. FTP, what was this devastating 1864-70 war named for the coalition opposed to Paraguay?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 524 ], [ 525, 612 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Ethics", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The axioms utilized in this work of philosophy include \"That which cannot be perceived through another must be conceived through itself\" and \"Everything which is, is either in itself or another\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethics_(Spinoza)", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518498", "qanta_id": 71175, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The axioms utilized in this work of philosophy include \"That which cannot be perceived through another must be conceived through itself\" and \"Everything which is, is either in itself or another\". Part 2 explains the nature and origin of mind, holding that \"in the mind there is no absolute or free will\". Part 3, entitled \"On the Origin and Nature of the Emotions\", argues that emotions are confused ideas, while part 4, \"Of Human Bondage: Or, Of the Strength of the Emotions\", defines what is good. The most famous idea in this work is the pantheistic nature of God, presented using a famous \"geometric\" method modeled on mathematics. FTP, what was this work of philosophy by Baruch Spinoza?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 304 ], [ 305, 439 ], [ 440, 499 ], [ 500, 635 ], [ 636, 692 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Francisco de Goya", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In his last years this painter took up lithography in the series the Bulls of Bordeaux and foreshadowed Impressionism with his portrait of J.B. Muguiro.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Francisco_Goya", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055184b9", "qanta_id": 71208, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In his last years this painter took up lithography in the series the Bulls of Bordeaux and foreshadowed Impressionism with his portrait of J.B. Muguiro. He was occupied for 17 years with a job producing 63 cartoons for the royal tapestry factory, but later developed his own voice, as seen in his first great series of engravings, Los Caprichos. He was summoned before the Inquisition for his Clothed Maja and Naked Maja, while his deafness led to the emphasis on the savage and macabre seen in The Disasters of War. FTP, who was this great Spanish artist known for The Third of May, 1808?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 345 ], [ 346, 516 ], [ 517, 589 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Martin Heidegger", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Late works by this philosopher include Identity and Difference and The Question after the Thing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Heidegger", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055184c9", "qanta_id": 71224, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Late works by this philosopher include Identity and Difference and The Question after the Thing. He gained his degree with the dissertation \"The Doctrine of Judgment in Psychologism\", which was followed by the work The Theory of Category and Meaning in Duns Scotus. The nature and means of existence was a recurring topic, addressed in works like An Introduction to Metaphysics and On the Way to Language. FTP, who was this German best known for Being and Time?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 265 ], [ 266, 405 ], [ 406, 461 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "I and the Village", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The branch of a plant is seen in the hand found at the bottom of this painting.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I_and_the_Village", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055184d6", "qanta_id": 71237, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The branch of a plant is seen in the hand found at the bottom of this painting. Along the top are a series of multi-colored houses and a church, below which is a man with a scythe and an upside-down woman. On the right is a man with a green face, who is staring at the head of a white horse, in whose cheek can be seen a woman milking a cow. FTP, what is this painting by Marc Chagall?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 205 ], [ 206, 341 ], [ 342, 385 ] ], "tournament": "Kentucky Wildcat", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Iceland}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of the names of this country's largest lakes literally translates as \"Booze Vat\" and is a stunning green color.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iceland", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518621", "qanta_id": 71568, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the names of this country's largest lakes literally translates as \"Booze Vat\" and is a stunning green color. Its Central Highlands region is home to the \"Hals\" topography and such cities as Borgarnes. Its only native tree is the Betula pubsescens birch, which is being deforested because of topsoil erosion. This country's north is home to Dettifoss, the largest waterfall by volume in Europe, and Akureryi is the country's largest city outside the capital metropolitan area. This country's island of Surtsey emerged from the ocean in the 1960s. Vatnaj\u00f6kull covers 8% of the country, and has been the scene of J\u00f6kulhlaup, spectacular glacial eruptions and floods. For 10 points, name this North Atlantic island nation, home to Bj\u00f6rk and unpronounceable place names.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 207 ], [ 208, 314 ], [ 315, 482 ], [ 483, 552 ], [ 553, 670 ], [ 671, 772 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Republic of [or Republica de] {Colombia}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Among this nation's offshore possessions are the Serrana Bank and San Andr\u00e9s island.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Colombia", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055186b4", "qanta_id": 71715, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Among this nation's offshore possessions are the Serrana Bank and San Andr\u00e9s island. The San Bernardo archipelago is found off the coast of this country, whose northernmost most point on its mainland is Point Gallinas, located on the Guajira Peninsula. Much of its southern border is formed by the Putamayo River, while the Guaviare and Meta are other major rivers in this country and its highest point is Pico Crist\u00f3bal. Major cities such as Manizales and Bucaramanga lie in the densely-populated mountain valleys that are drained by the northward-flowing Magdalena River, which enters the Caribbean at Barranquila. For 10 points, identify this home of Medellin and Cali, a South American nation with capital at Bogota.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 252 ], [ 253, 421 ], [ 422, 616 ], [ 617, 720 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Theodore {Gericault}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His late work consisted of a series of portraits including The Woman with a Gambling Mania and The Kleptomaniac, which he painted for a psychiatrist friend.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Th\u00e9odore_G\u00e9ricault", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518754", "qanta_id": 71875, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His late work consisted of a series of portraits including The Woman with a Gambling Mania and The Kleptomaniac, which he painted for a psychiatrist friend. A visit to the titular location and his fascination with Michelangelo inspired The Race of the Barberi Horses, and he showed an officer in a black cap holding a sword as his horse rears up on its hind legs in his first work. His most famous work was painted after studying several bodies in a morgue, and consists of several figures writhing on the title object as two of them wave red and white cloths. FTP, name this Romantic painter of The Charging Chasseur and a depiction of the survivors of a maritime disaster near Senegal, The Raft of the Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 381 ], [ 382, 560 ], [ 561, 711 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVII", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Derek {Walcott}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The speaker of one of his poems declares, \"either I'm nobody", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Derek_Walcott", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055187b0", "qanta_id": 71967, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The speaker of one of his poems declares, \"either I'm nobody or I'm a nation\"; that poem, narrated by Shabine, is called \"The Schooner Flight.\" In another poem, he describes Kikuyu feeding \"upon the bloodstreams of the veldt\" and ends by asking how he can \"turn from [the title location] and live,\" entitled \"A Far Cry from Africa.\" Corporal Lestrade arrests the charcoal burner Makak in one of his plays. In addition to the poetry collections The Star-Apple Kingdom and In a Green Night and the play Dream on Monkey Mountain, he wrote a long poem featuring the fishermen Hector and Achille, which was based on The Iliad and The Odyssey. FTP, identify this writer from St. Lucia, best known for Omeros.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 60 ], [ 61, 142 ], [ 142, 332 ], [ 333, 405 ], [ 406, 443 ], [ 444, 525 ], [ 525, 637 ], [ 638, 702 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVII", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Hajj}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "It is the most specific type of ziyarat. One version of it does not require an animal sacrifice, while another requires that the same article of clothing be worn for umrah as well.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hajj", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055187b6", "qanta_id": 71973, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It is the most specific type of ziyarat. One version of it does not require an animal sacrifice, while another requires that the same article of clothing be worn for umrah as well. Those forms, Ifrad and Tamattu, together with Qiran, are the three ways of performing it. Events during it include the sa'y, seven trips between al-Safa and al-Marwah and drinking from the well of Zamzam. It begins on the second day of Dhul al-Hijjah and concludes with the four-day Feast of the Sacrifice, or Eid al-Adha. Participants are required to perform tawaf around a structure built by Abraham that contains the Black Stone. Prescribed in the third surah of the Qu'ran for all able-bodied adults, this is, FTP, what pilgrimage to Mecca that must be taken once in Muslim's life?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 270 ], [ 271, 385 ], [ 386, 503 ], [ 504, 613 ], [ 614, 766 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVII", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "August {Strindberg}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, the Captain and his wife torment each other, along with relatives like Alice's cousin Kurt and their daughter Judith.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "August_Strindberg", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055187c2", "qanta_id": 71985, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's works, the Captain and his wife torment each other, along with relatives like Alice's cousin Kurt and their daughter Judith. In another, the daughter of a Vedic god descends to Earth to learn about human being's problems. Additionally, this man wrote about his life in the context of his mother's origins in \"Son of a Servant.\" Both \"The Dance of Death\" and \"A Dream Play\" were written as part of the Symbolic movement, which also inspired this author to write The Chamber Plays, which include \"The Pelican\" and \"The Ghost Sonata.\" Earlier, as part of the Naturalist movement, he had written such works as \"Master Olaf\" and \"The Red Room.\" FTP, name this playwright from Stockholm who wrote \"Miss Julie.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 242 ], [ 243, 348 ], [ 349, 552 ], [ 553, 660 ], [ 661, 725 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVII", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Johannes {Brahms}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of this man's works begins with a cello theme that is usually drowned out in performances and supposedly depicts girls dancing at the Prater, while his third symphony includes a slow movement marked Poco allegretto.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Brahms", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055187d2", "qanta_id": 72001, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's works begins with a cello theme that is usually drowned out in performances and supposedly depicts girls dancing at the Prater, while his third symphony includes a slow movement marked Poco allegretto. His String Quartet Number 1 was analyzed in Schoenberg's book (this man) the Progressive. His fourth symphony begins with alternating falling thirds and rising sixths in the violins, imitating that composer's earlier \"Der Tod, das ist die K\u00fchlste Nacht\", and the fourth movement of that symphony is a chaconne. The last movement of his first symphony, on the other hand, sounds so much like the Ode to Joy that it was nicknamed \"Beethoven's Tenth\". Also responsible for variations on themes of Haydn and Handel, for 10 points, name this German contemporary of Wagner who wrote A German Requiem and the Academic Festival Overture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 309 ], [ 310, 530 ], [ 531, 668 ], [ 669, 849 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVII", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{hydrogen bonding} [accept word forms]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In 1998, researchers at Bell Labs measured the anisotropy of the Compton profile for the most common example of this, showing that there is some wavefunction coherence and thus a covalent component to this.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hydrogen_bond", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055187eb", "qanta_id": 72026, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1998, researchers at Bell Labs measured the anisotropy of the Compton profile for the most common example of this, showing that there is some wavefunction coherence and thus a covalent component to this. Beijer and others constructed a self-complementary molecule, diacetyl diaminotriazine, which could undergo this type of interaction in four locations simultaneously, alternating donors and acceptors. The strongest form is bifluoride, which is a three-center, four-electron bond, and this interaction is best described in most cases as a proton in a potential well. FTP, identify this interaction which holds DNA base pairs together, accounts for water's high boiling point, and is named after an atom involved.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 406 ], [ 407, 571 ], [ 572, 717 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVII", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Ganesh [or Ganesha]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one story, this god angered the rishi Gautam when he morphed into a cow and ate his grain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ganesha", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551887c", "qanta_id": 72171, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story, this god angered the rishi Gautam when he morphed into a cow and ate his grain. The Puranas describe his cleverness in having his parents sit nearby and his subsequent seven-fold circumambulation of them. In art, one of the objects he carried was a whip, which symbolized his dominion over fate. The posture of this god's face symbolizes the (*) om. He has a namesake festival celebrated during the Bhadrapada month, which ends with the submersion of statues of this god. This man was able to defeat his brother who voyaged around the world during a race. The Mahabharata was dictated to this god, who is useful in removing obstacles. For 10 points, name this elephant headed god.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 221 ], [ 222, 313 ], [ 314, 370 ], [ 370, 495 ], [ 495, 579 ], [ 580, 660 ], [ 661, 706 ] ], "tournament": "ANFORTAS", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "dragons [accept snakes or serpents]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Saxo-Grammaticus describes how Friedleif killed this type of creature on an island after digging up treasure - he had to pierce the lower half of its body to kill it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dragon", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551888e", "qanta_id": 72189, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Saxo-Grammaticus describes how Friedleif killed this type of creature on an island after digging up treasure - he had to pierce the lower half of its body to kill it. At the end of The Voluspa, another one of these creatures comes from the dark crags of Nithafjoll and carries the body of slain men - that one had earlier tasted the blood of murderers. The Gylfaginning points out that there are more of them in (*) Hvergelmir than any tongue can enumerate. The most notable one of them gnaws at a root and trades insults with an unnamed eagle using Ratatosk to ferry the messages. For 10 points, identify this type of creature exemplified by Niddhogg and one that encircles Midgard.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 356 ], [ 357, 420 ], [ 421, 463 ], [ 464, 589 ], [ 590, 692 ] ], "tournament": "ANFORTAS", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Horus", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Many Egyptian artifacts are stone slabs showing this god as an infant stomping on scorpions, snakes and oryxes, so much so that that type of artifact is called this god \"on the crocodiles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horus", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551889e", "qanta_id": 72205, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Many Egyptian artifacts are stone slabs showing this god as an infant stomping on scorpions, snakes and oryxes, so much so that that type of artifact is called this god \"on the crocodiles.\" In a book describing this god's contention, his eyes are ripped out and are buried, but thankfully his mother is able to restore his vision by pouring milk into them. The largest temple in the city of (*) Edfu was dedicated to this deity. He had another cult center at Nekhen, and the Greek form of this god is Harpocrates. He tore off of a testacle of a rival and his own eye was tore out during a fight. For 10 points, name this falcon-headed god, the son of Isis and Osiris.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 190, 360 ], [ 361, 433 ], [ 434, 521 ], [ 521, 604 ], [ 604, 675 ] ], "tournament": "ANFORTAS", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Emily {Dickinson}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this poet states, \"The feet, mechanical, go round a wooden way of ground,\" and ends with a moment remembered \"as freezing persons recollect the snow/First chill, then stupor, then the letting go.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Emily_Dickinson", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551890d", "qanta_id": 72316, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this poet states, \"The feet, mechanical, go round a wooden way of ground,\" and ends with a moment remembered \"as freezing persons recollect the snow/First chill, then stupor, then the letting go.\" This poet of \"After great pain, a formal feeling comes\" wrote about \"spreading wide my narrow hands to gather Paradise\" in a work which discusses a \"fairer house than prose\". The speaker of another work by this poet \"could not see to see\" and states that, during the title event, \"The stillness in the room/Was like the stillness in the air/Between the heaves of storm\". Another poem states, \"Several of nature's people/I know, and they know me,\" and describes a figure who \"occasionally rides\" and whose \"notice sudden is\". For 10 points, name this poet of such works as \"I heard a Fly buzz - when I died -\" and \"A narrow fellow in the grass\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 208 ], [ 209, 383 ], [ 384, 579 ], [ 580, 733 ], [ 734, 853 ] ], "tournament": "Mavis Gallant Memorial Tournament (Literature)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Atwood}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a story divided into parts labelled A to F, each of which demonstrates a different version of the title things, though the narrator notes that the \"only authentic [one] is the one provided here: John and Mary die.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Atwood", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551892b", "qanta_id": 72346, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a story divided into parts labelled A to F, each of which demonstrates a different version of the title things, though the narrator notes that the \"only authentic [one] is the one provided here: John and Mary die. John and Mary die. John and Mary die.\" This author of \"Happy Endings\" wrote a story in which Sally signs up for creative writing classes and walks in on her \"heart man\" husband, Ed, possibly touching her best friend inappropriately. This author of \"Bluebeard's Egg\" wrote a work in which one character is working on a \"History of Inept Military Couture\" and which revolves around Tony, Roz, and Charis' relationship with the mysterious Zenia, whom they had thought to be dead. The latest novel by this author of The Robber Bride opens with the kidnapping of Amanda by Painballers and concludes the trilogy containing The Year of the Flood and Oryx and Crake. For 10 points, name this Canadian author.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 231 ], [ 232, 250 ], [ 251, 269 ], [ 269, 270 ], [ 271, 464 ], [ 465, 708 ], [ 709, 890 ], [ 891, 932 ] ], "tournament": "Mavis Gallant Memorial Tournament (Literature)", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{ketone}s [accept amino{ketone}s; prompt on {carbonyl}s or {amino}s or amino{carbonyl}s]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Equal amounts of two isomers of one of these compounds are made by a reaction in which DMAP or pyradine react with an amino acid.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ketone", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551894f", "qanta_id": 72382, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Equal amounts of two isomers of one of these compounds are made by a reaction in which DMAP or pyradine react with an amino acid. These compounds are the major product in the reaction of an organozinc halide and thioester under palladium catalysis. Two of these, one equipped with methyl and vynil groups, can react through two addition reactions and a dehydration to produce a third one of these that is cyclic and alpha, beta unsaturated. These compounds are thus the products in the Dakin-West reaction and (*) Fukuyama coupling, and both reactants and products in the Robinson annulation. For 10 points, name this functional group consisting of two carbon atoms bonded a carbon-double-bond-oxygen group.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 248 ], [ 249, 440 ], [ 441, 592 ], [ 593, 707 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open/(Fall) Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Theodore {Gericault}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of the gorier works by this man is Severed Heads, which he painted two years after his Nude Warrior with a Spear.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Th\u00e9odore_G\u00e9ricault", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518970", "qanta_id": 72415, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the gorier works by this man is Severed Heads, which he painted two years after his Nude Warrior with a Spear. This man's military scenes include The Wounded Cuirassier and Artillery Train Passing a Ravine, and he inverted the perspective and muddied the colors of a famous George Stubbs painting, his version of Horse Attack by a Lion. This artist of the Taming of the Bulls painted a race at Epsom involving a frequent subject, which this man showed being (*) frightened by a bolt of lightning in another painting. Yet another horse is shown rearing up as a cavalryman arcs a short saber in this artit's Charging Chasseur, while he examined \"Envy\" and \"Kleptomania\" in a series commissioned by Dr. Georget, which centers on the residents of an insane asylum. Known for undertaking a detailed study of real corpses in preparation for his most famous work, which shows a dim chance of rescue in the background as naked bodies lay strewn across the deck of the title object. FTP, identify this French artist of The Raft of the Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 343 ], [ 344, 523 ], [ 524, 767 ], [ 768, 980 ], [ 981, 1040 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open/(Fall) Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "B. F. {Skinner} [accept Burrhis Frederic {Skinner}; or Fred {Skinner}, apparently]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man offered reflections on \"Having a Good Day\" and \"Being an Old Person\" in a work cowritten with Margaret Vaughan entitled Enjoy Old Age.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B._F._Skinner", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551897a", "qanta_id": 72425, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man offered reflections on \"Having a Good Day\" and \"Being an Old Person\" in a work cowritten with Margaret Vaughan entitled Enjoy Old Age. This man claimed that both physical characteristics and ontogenic events act as stimuli during the acquisition of language in a work that introduced \"echoics\" and \"intraverbals\". This author of Technology and Teaching asserted that there is no \"autonomous man\" in a work that argues for a \"technology of (*) behavior\" to eliminate undesirable actions. Another work by this author of Verbal Behavior outlines a 1000 person utopia ruled by Planners and Managers inspired by a work by Thoureau. For 10 points, name this psychologist who wrote Walden Two and Beyond Freedom and Dignity and developed a namesake \"box\" to study operant conditioning.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 322 ], [ 323, 495 ], [ 496, 635 ], [ 636, 787 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open/(Fall) Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Bertrand {Russell}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One work by this man contrasts naked, traditional, and revolutionary forms of the title concept, which is ultimately governed by the nature of the interaction between individuals and organizations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca90551898c", "qanta_id": 72443, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this man contrasts naked, traditional, and revolutionary forms of the title concept, which is ultimately governed by the nature of the interaction between individuals and organizations. This thinker discusses how we can perceive time-order of words to differentiate \"Caesar killed Brutus\" from \"Brutus killed Caesar\" in one work; that work attempts to establish \"what is meant by \u2018empirical evidence for the truth of a proposition.\" Another work by this author of Power: A New Social Analysis draws a distinction between \"acquaintance\" and \"knowledge about\" by discussing the center of mass of the solar system, and that work uses a the ideas of primary and secondary occurrences of a phrase to evaluate the truth of \"the (*) king of France is bald.\" That work by this man also discusses the connection between \"Scott\" and \"the author of Waverley\" in evaluating a new system of meaning, which this author proposes to replace those of Meinong and of Frege. In addition to writing An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth and \"On Denoting,\" this man wrote a work establishing the foundations of mathematics from symbolic logic in a collaboration with Alfred North Whitehead. FTP, name this co-author of Principia Mathematica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 444 ], [ 445, 482 ], [ 483, 761 ], [ 761, 967 ], [ 968, 1177 ], [ 1178, 1228 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open/(Fall) Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Baha'i} faith", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One document important to this religion distinguishes between animal, vegatable, mineral, and human, and was written as a letter to Auguste-Henri Forel, while another relates an account of how a man indebted to two brothers organized their religious persecution, the Epistle to the Son of the Wolf.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055189c5", "qanta_id": 72500, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One document important to this religion distinguishes between animal, vegatable, mineral, and human, and was written as a letter to Auguste-Henri Forel, while another relates an account of how a man indebted to two brothers organized their religious persecution, the Epistle to the Son of the Wolf. Realms of \"Search,\" \"Love,\" and \"True Poverty and Absolute Nothingness\" are described in a document in this faith written for a Qadiriyyih judge, and it teaches that the 100th name of god derives from the word for \"splendor.\" Symbols prominent in this faith, which posits two covenants between mankind and the divine, include a ringstone symbol, the (*) haykal, and the nine- pointed star. Its advocates a \"rational soul\" and its main texts include the aforementioned Seven Valleys and one laying out a Nineteen Day Fast during the month of ala and written in the \"black pit\" dungeon, the the Kitab-i-Aqdas and Kitab-i-Iqan or Book of Certitude, respectively. Based out of the Universal House of Justice in Haifa, Israel, this faith venerates figures like Buddha, Mohammed, and other prophets to emphasize the unity of all religions and of mankind. FTP, name this religion based on Shia Islam, which was founded by Baha-u-llah in nineteenth-century Persia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 298 ], [ 299, 524 ], [ 525, 688 ], [ 689, 958 ], [ 959, 1147 ], [ 1148, 1255 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open/(Fall) Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{ca}lcium", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Phorbol esters and ionophores of this element can be used to activate Protein kinase C in the absence of any upstream signals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Calcium", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055189d4", "qanta_id": 72515, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Phorbol esters and ionophores of this element can be used to activate Protein kinase C in the absence of any upstream signals. Levels of this element's ions are elevated when signaling by phospholipase C results in IP3, which binds to its transporter. In the immediate aftermath of fertilization, levels of its ions rapidly increase, which helps prevent other sperm cells binding the fertilized egg. After its levels spike when its ions are released from the (*) sarcoplasmic reticulum, it binds troponin-C, which changes the conformation of muscle proteins and aids in muscle contraction. For 10 points, identify this element whose divalent cation widely functions as a second messenger in signaling.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 251 ], [ 252, 399 ], [ 400, 589 ], [ 590, 701 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open/(Fall) Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Robert {Frost}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one work by this writer, the speaker claims not to have the \"tenderer- than-thou/Political collectivistic love\", but spares a mite's life, noting \"how glad\" he is \"to find/On any sheet the least display of mind\" in \"A Considerable Speck\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca9055189f6", "qanta_id": 72549, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this writer, the speaker claims not to have the \"tenderer- than-thou/Political collectivistic love\", but spares a mite's life, noting \"how glad\" he is \"to find/On any sheet the least display of mind\" in \"A Considerable Speck\". A dialogue written by this author sees one figure become distressed after the other wonders aloud about the conditions necessary for wood to rot, claiming \"I saw you from the window there\" after the latter figure sets his spade in the kitchen. That work ends with the furious line (*) \"I'll follow and bring you back by force\" and is an autobiographical depiction of a couple's fight following the death of their infant son, while, while in another work, the arguments over Latin and education between Harold and the title figure are described in a conversation by Mary and Warren, before the latter comes to the titular realization regarding Silas. In addition to \"Home Burial\" and \"Death of a Hired Man\", this poet described the effects of ice storms and young boys' swinging on the titular trees in \"Birches\" and thought of joking about Elves with his fence-loving neighbor in another work. FTP, identify this poet from New England, best-known for works like \"The Road Not Taken\" and \"Mending Wall.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 241 ], [ 242, 485 ], [ 486, 891 ], [ 892, 1135 ], [ 1136, 1244 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open/(Fall) Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Clifford {Geertz}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man utilized the contrast between Pare in Indonesia and Sefrou in Morocco to analyze his own anthropological practice in his work After the Fact.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Clifford_Geertz", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518a16", "qanta_id": 72581, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man utilized the contrast between Pare in Indonesia and Sefrou in Morocco to analyze his own anthropological practice in his work After the Fact. The author of a collection of philosophical essays entitled Available Light, he analyzed a synthesis of symbols, myths, rituals, and ceremonies, which he terms \"drama\" in a work which utilizes the example of a certain theatre state, Negara. In one of this man's works, he described a situation in which the stakes are so high that it doesn't make sense to play, a term called deep play, through the lens of a Balinese cockfight. In another, he described the uses of explanation that seeks to explain not only the practice, but the motive behind it, known as his \"thick description.\" For ten points, name this man who wrote The Interpretation of Cultures.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 391 ], [ 392, 579 ], [ 580, 733 ], [ 734, 805 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open/(Fall) Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "David {Hume}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man collected a treatise classifying the title entities into \"calm\" and \"violent\" types with considerable moralistic resonance, along with a work of aesthetics describing the interaction of innate human sentiment and critical faculty, into his Four Dissertation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518a1f", "qanta_id": 72590, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man collected a treatise classifying the title entities into \"calm\" and \"violent\" types with considerable moralistic resonance, along with a work of aesthetics describing the interaction of innate human sentiment and critical faculty, into his Four Dissertation. Those essays \"Of Passions\" and \"Of the Standard of Taste,\" are far more direct than a meandering work arguing that warfare and shoddy masonry must had made the ancient world far less inhabited than the modern. That work, \"Populousness of Ancient Nations\" was collected along with works like \"Idea of a Perfect Commonwealth\" in another collection by this man. A Thomas Macauley work replaced this author's (*) History of England as the standard text on the subject, while in another work Pamphilus recounts the debates between Cleanthes, Philo, and Demea about the existence of god. This author of Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary and Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion articulated the \"is-ought\" problem and was credited with awaking Kant from his \"dogmatic slumber.\" FTP, name this Scottish philosopher who wrote A Treatise of Human Nature and An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 267 ], [ 268, 477 ], [ 478, 626 ], [ 627, 849 ], [ 850, 1043 ], [ 1043, 1164 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open/(Fall) Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Tokugawa} Bakufu/Shogunate (I hope it's not necessary, but I guess you should prompt on \u201cJapan\u201d)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "August Kuper oversaw a \"bombardment\" against one polity under the umbrella of this state after vital parts of Charles Lenox Richardson were removed during a right-of-way dispute, while another lowlight saw summary executions to those who violated the Compassion for Living Things law by kicking or refusing to feed stray dogs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tokugawa_shogunate", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518a38", "qanta_id": 72615, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "August Kuper oversaw a \"bombardment\" against one polity under the umbrella of this state after vital parts of Charles Lenox Richardson were removed during a right-of-way dispute, while another lowlight saw summary executions to those who violated the Compassion for Living Things law by kicking or refusing to feed stray dogs. This state saw two retaliatory Chosu expeditions following the rise of the Kokugaku philosophy and the Sonno Joi doctrine, which contrasted the need to revere its ruler with the need to \"expel the (*) barbarians.\" This government also dealt with the related Mito Rebellion and the much earlier Shimabara revolt, a conflict stemming from the Christianity recently popularized by Portuguese missionaries among the citizens of this notably isolationist state. This state used the Kotai system to prevent a regression to the factionalism of the preceding Sengoku period on the part of the daimyo. Signing the Treaty of Kanagawa after the arrival of the Black Ships under Matthew Perry, FTP, name this Japanese Shogunate founded after its namesake won at Sekigahara, which eventually gave way to the Meiji Period.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 326 ], [ 327, 539 ], [ 539, 783 ], [ 784, 919 ], [ 920, 1135 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open/(Fall) Terrapin Invitational", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Rainer Maria {Rilke}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In Celebration of You is an unpublished collection of love poetry this man wrote to his lover, Lou Andreas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rainer_Maria_Rilke", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518c9d", "qanta_id": 73228, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Celebration of You is an unpublished collection of love poetry this man wrote to his lover, Lou Andreas. He took a trip to Scandinavia in 1904 where he took notes for his novel about a Dane in Paris, The Notebook of Malte Laurids Brigge. The three segments Of the Monastic Life, Of Pilgrimage, and Of Poverty and Death make up his collection The Book of Hours, but it is a set of sonnets and a collection of elegies from a Czech castle for which he is most famous. For 10 points\u2014name this poet of Duino Elegies and Sonnets to Orpheus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 242 ], [ 242, 468 ], [ 469, 538 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Lit", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Emily {Dickinson}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Thomas Johnson of Harvard was responsible for more authentic versions of this writer's work, including \"Zero at the Bone,\" \"Essential Oils,\" and \"Wild Nights- Wild Nights!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Emily_Dickinson", "proto_id": "5476da99ea23cca905518cf6", "qanta_id": 73317, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Thomas Johnson of Harvard was responsible for more authentic versions of this writer's work, including \"Zero at the Bone,\" \"Essential Oils,\" and \"Wild Nights- Wild Nights!\" Her long-time correspondent, Thomas Higginson of The Atlantic Monthly, commented that he felt her poems had life, but his praise was generally lukewarm, as he found works like \"There's a certain Slant of Light\" unpolished. For 10 points--, identify this prolific female American poet known for \"I heard a fly buzz when I died\" and \"Because I could not stop for death\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 395 ], [ 396, 541 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Lit", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "George Bernard {Shaw}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Jerome Kilty's Dear Liar was adapted for the stage from the correspondence between Mrs. Patrick Campbell and this author.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Bernard_Shaw", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518d47", "qanta_id": 73398, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Jerome Kilty's Dear Liar was adapted for the stage from the correspondence between Mrs. Patrick Campbell and this author. The influence of Ibsen is visible in his comedy centering on London slum landlordism, Widowers' Houses, and he contrasts Bluntschli and Saranoff in one of his \"Pleasant\" plays. Said to have made King Edward VII laugh so hard that he broke his chair with his John Bull's Other Island \\--for 10 points-- name this Irish dramatist of Mrs. Warren's Profession and Arms and the Man.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 298 ], [ 299, 404 ], [ 405, 499 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Lit", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "The {Bridge}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The finale of the poem contains an allusion to the story of Venus and Adonis, particularly the white anemone that springs from the end of their affair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bridge", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518ddd", "qanta_id": 73548, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The finale of the poem contains an allusion to the story of Venus and Adonis, particularly the white anemone that springs from the end of their affair. One of the poems contains an epigraph from Seneca'a Medea. The epigram from the first poem is a quote from the Book of Job, and is spoken by Satan. Section Three contains snatches of conversation overheard at waterfront bars interspersed with visions of undersea mythological creatures and is titled \"Cutty Sark.\" Other sections include, \"National Winter Garden,\" \"Van Winkle\" and \"Cape Hatteras.\" For 10 points, identify this long poem about a New York landmark, the masterwork of Hart Crane.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 210 ], [ 211, 299 ], [ 300, 465 ], [ 466, 549 ], [ 550, 645 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Artaud", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Albania}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Speakers of the northern dialect of Gheg in this country are separated from speakers of the southern Tosk dialect by the Shkumbin River.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albania", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518df0", "qanta_id": 73567, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Speakers of the northern dialect of Gheg in this country are separated from speakers of the southern Tosk dialect by the Shkumbin River. Vlachs are one of the ethnic minorities of this predominantly Moslem country that contains the cities of Vlore and Durres, the latter of which was known to the Greeks as Epidamnus and the Venetians as Durazzo and lies across the Straits of Otranto from Brindisi. For 10 points, name this country which Enver Hoxha [HO-hah] once governed from the capital of Tirane.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 399 ], [ 400, 501 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Artaud", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Athol {Fugard}", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His film appearances include Gandhi and The Killing Fields and his career in the theatre began with the plays The Cell and Klaas and the Devil.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athol_Fugard", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518ea3", "qanta_id": 73746, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His film appearances include Gandhi and The Killing Fields and his career in the theatre began with the plays The Cell and Klaas and the Devil. An incident in which he spat at one of his family's servants was transformed into a pivotal scene in \"Master Harold\"\u00c9and the Boys. Growing estranged from European drama, he turned to a more imagist style with his \"Statements\" trilogy. His first hit was initially performed in 1963 and told the story of two brothers who could pass for two different races. For 10 points, name this South African dramatist whose \"Family\" trilogy consists of The Blood Knot, Hello and Goodbye, and Boesman and Lena.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 274 ], [ 275, 378 ], [ 379, 499 ], [ 500, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Artaud", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Ruth Fulton {Benedict}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author was highly associated with historical particularism, and she worked as special adviser to the Office of War Information to deal with peoples of occupied territories during World War II.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ruth_Benedict", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518ef1", "qanta_id": 73823, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author was highly associated with historical particularism, and she worked as special adviser to the Office of War Information to deal with peoples of occupied territories during World War II. Her first book received little acclaim compared to her famous analysis of Zuni mythology, and she argued that the \"personality\" of a group defined its successes, misfits, and outcasts in her 1934 book Patterns of Culture. For ten points, name this Columbia psychologist and sociologist, author of The Chrysanthemum and the Sword.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 419 ], [ 420, 527 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Aristophanes}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's rivals included Cratinus and Eupolis. In Plato's Symposium, he delivers a speech in which he argues that men were originally quadrupeds before being bisected by Zeus, and concludes that love is the pursuit of the other half.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristophanes", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518ef2", "qanta_id": 73824, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's rivals included Cratinus and Eupolis. In Plato's Symposium, he delivers a speech in which he argues that men were originally quadrupeds before being bisected by Zeus, and concludes that love is the pursuit of the other half. His earliest play was the now lost Banqueters, while his second, Babylonians, criticized the demagogue Cleon, which he continued to do in The Acharnians and The Knights. Other plays of his concern the building of Cloudcukooland, a sex-strike by women to end a war, and a literary contest in hell. For ten points, identify this Greek comedian, author of The Birds, Lysistrata, and The Frogs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 235 ], [ 236, 405 ], [ 406, 532 ], [ 533, 626 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Ivan IV} (or {Ivan the Terrible} or {Ivan }{Groznyi})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Near the end of this leader's life, he tried to arrange a marriage with English princess Mary Hastings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_the_Terrible", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f03", "qanta_id": 73841, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Near the end of this leader's life, he tried to arrange a marriage with English princess Mary Hastings. In military matters, he created a new unit of musketeers, the streltsy, and defeated the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan in 1552 and 1556, respectively, but then became bogged down in the long Livonian War. This son of Vasily III and husband of Anastasia Romanov killed his son in a fit of rage, although he may be best known for his oprichnina, a campaign of state terrorism mostly aimed at the boyar nobles. For ten points, identify this imposing and unstable Russian tsar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 310 ], [ 311, 513 ], [ 514, 579 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Joseph {Conrad} (accept J\u00f3zef Teodor Konrad {Korzeniowski} before it\u2019s mentioned)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This writer refused an offer of knighthood from Ramsay MacDonald, which he earned for novels like Youth, Chance, and Victory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Conrad", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f12", "qanta_id": 73856, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This writer refused an offer of knighthood from Ramsay MacDonald, which he earned for novels like Youth, Chance, and Victory. He collaborated with Ford Madox Ford on The Nature of a Crime and The Inheritors, after having gained fame with works like Almayer's Folly and Lord Jim. Born with the last name Korzeniowski, his many sea voyages provided inspiration for novels about his recurring character, Marlow. For ten points, name the Anglo-Polish author of Heart of Darkness.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 278 ], [ 279, 408 ], [ 409, 475 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Anton\u00edn Leopold {Dvor\u00e1k}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's 1879 Festival March was written to commemorate the silver anniversary of the Emperor and Empress of Austria, and to this artist and his daughter is devoted the Azrael symphony of Josef Suk.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton\u00edn_Dvo\u0159\u00e1k", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f38", "qanta_id": 73894, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's 1879 Festival March was written to commemorate the silver anniversary of the Emperor and Empress of Austria, and to this artist and his daughter is devoted the Azrael symphony of Josef Suk. Among this composer's outstanding works are his Humoresques and his opus 104 cello concerto. For ten points, name the Czech composer of the \"Dumsky\" trio, the Slavonic Dances, and the New World symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 293 ], [ 294, 404 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Venice} (or {Venetia} or {Venezia} or {Venedig})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This state handed over control of Morea and Crete to the Ottomans in the 1718 treaty of Passarowitz, and was given to the Austrians in the 1797 treaty of Campo Formio.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venice", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f40", "qanta_id": 73902, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This state handed over control of Morea and Crete to the Ottomans in the 1718 treaty of Passarowitz, and was given to the Austrians in the 1797 treaty of Campo Formio. It is traditionally held to have been founded in 421 CE, and its greatest victory may have been the 1380 Battle of Chioggia, in which it defeated its rival, Genoa. It is known as the la serenissima and, for much of its history it was ruled by a Council of Ten and a Doge. For ten points, identify the Italian city known for the Bridge of Sighs and St. Marks Cathedral as well as for canals and gondolas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 331 ], [ 332, 439 ], [ 440, 571 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{No Exit} (or {Huis Clos})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this play, the central themes of human freedom and self-responsibility are explained by its author's doctrine of \"existence precedes essence.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "No_Exit", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f44", "qanta_id": 73906, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this play, the central themes of human freedom and self-responsibility are explained by its author's doctrine of \"existence precedes essence.\" One of the characters accuses another of cowardice out of jealous love for the third. After exclaiming, \"Enfer, c'est les autres,\" or \"Hell is other people\", the expatriate newspaperman Garcin attempts to escape, but instead foregoes the open door and chooses to remain and convince Estelle and Inez of his bravery. For ten points, name this masterpiece of Jean-Paul Sartre.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 144, 231 ], [ 232, 461 ], [ 462, 520 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Donatello}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's Virgin and Child Between Saints Francis and Anthony was executed for the high altar of Sant'Antonio of Padua, while his powerful, wooden Repentant Magdalene stands in Santa Maria del Fiore.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Donatello", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f45", "qanta_id": 73907, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's Virgin and Child Between Saints Francis and Anthony was executed for the high altar of Sant'Antonio of Padua, while his powerful, wooden Repentant Magdalene stands in Santa Maria del Fiore. Many of this artist's works in marble, including Saint Mark and Saint George, were created for the Or San Michele, and his bronze David is a nude, sword-wielding youth in a contemporary hat. For ten points, name the early Renaissance Italian sculptor best known for such works as The Feast of Herod, Lo Zuccone, and Gattamelata.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 391 ], [ 392, 529 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "\u201c{Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock}\u201d (do not accept or prompt on \u201cPrufrock\u201d)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work tells of \"streets that follow a tedious argument / Of insidious intent,\" and the speaker exhorts the reader to go out \"when the evening is spread out against the sky.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Love_Song_of_J._Alfred_Prufrock", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f47", "qanta_id": 73909, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work tells of \"streets that follow a tedious argument / Of insidious intent,\" and the speaker exhorts the reader to go out \"when the evening is spread out against the sky.\" The title character of this poem constantly questions the actions of his past, thinking that he should have \"scuttl[ed] across the floor of silent seas\" and perhaps not measured out his life in coffee spoons. For ten points points, name this poem in which women come and go talking of Michelangelo, written by T.S. Eliot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 386 ], [ 387, 499 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{potential} energy function (accept electrostatic {potential} energy functions during the first sentence)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "For atoms, there are many functions modeling this, including the ZBL Universal and Lennard-Jones varieties.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Potential_energy", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f5f", "qanta_id": 73933, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For atoms, there are many functions modeling this, including the ZBL Universal and Lennard-Jones varieties. Conservative force fields can be considered as the negative gradient of this, and it is, in general, proportional to a generalized charge, which may be dipole moment for the electrostatic dipole variety, or mass for the gravitational variety. For ten points, name this type of energy, generally symbolized U and equal, in the case of a particle of mass m at height h in a uniform gravitational field g, to mgh.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 350 ], [ 351, 518 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{echinodermata} (or {echinoderm}s)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Members of this phylum undergo respiration and waste removal by means of skin gills, and their water vascular system radiates from a ring canal, through which water enters via a madreporite.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Echinoderm", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f66", "qanta_id": 73940, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Members of this phylum undergo respiration and waste removal by means of skin gills, and their water vascular system radiates from a ring canal, through which water enters via a madreporite. As adults, their nervous systems consist only of nerve rings, and from their center extend ampulla-containing tube feet, a major portion of their five-fold radial symmetry. For ten points, name this phylum including sea lilies, sand dollars, sea urchins, and starfish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 363 ], [ 364, 459 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{buffer}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An important one of these in human blood is carbonic acid, which helps prevent alkalosis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "CONFIG.SYS", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f6d", "qanta_id": 73947, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An important one of these in human blood is carbonic acid, which helps prevent alkalosis. Thses are crucial to biological function in most animals, and generally contain a salt and either a weak acid or base. Their effectiveness can be calculated through the use of an ICE chart or by using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. For ten points, identify these substances whose name indicates that they resist changes pH despite addition of hydroxide ions or protons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 208 ], [ 209, 326 ], [ 327, 464 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{citric acid} cycle (or {Krebs} cycle)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Removal of carbon dioxide in this process occurs as a result of two important dehydrogenase pathways, one of which follows the formation of \u03b1-ketoglutarate [\"alpha\" key-tow-GLUE-ter-ate].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Citric_acid_cycle", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905518f7a", "qanta_id": 73960, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Removal of carbon dioxide in this process occurs as a result of two important dehydrogenase pathways, one of which follows the formation of \u03b1-ketoglutarate [\"alpha\" key-tow-GLUE-ter-ate]. That step precedes the lyase [LIE-ace] action on malate to produce fumarate, although succinate [SUH-sin- ate] is considered to be its most important intermediate. Eventually, fumarate is converted to oxaloacetate [ox-all-oh-ASS-uh-tate], which combines with the pyruvate derivative acetyl-CoA [co eh] to restart, for ten points, what cycle of respiration, named for either its first product or for a German biochemist?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 351 ], [ 352, 607 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Earlybird", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{laser}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "An important method of maintaining population inversion in this device is called Q-switching, which involves the modification of the resonance characteristics of its cavity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Laser", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551904a", "qanta_id": 74167, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An important method of maintaining population inversion in this device is called Q-switching, which involves the modification of the resonance characteristics of its cavity. The most common type of the dye variety is the Rhodamine 6G in methanol, while the gaseous type consists of krypton-ion and argon-ion varieties. In 1960, Theodore Maiman invented the solid-state type, which utilized the process of pump flashing a ruby in order to produce a uniform red beam of radiation. FTP, identify this device that is created via light amplification through stimulated emission of radiation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 318 ], [ 319, 478 ], [ 479, 586 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{Nighthawks}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This work of art is representative of the artist's use of empty space and little action, as it takes place late at night on a virtually deserted street corner.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nighthawks", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519079", "qanta_id": 74214, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work of art is representative of the artist's use of empty space and little action, as it takes place late at night on a virtually deserted street corner. The light comes from within a restaurant advertising \"Phillies\" in big letters above an awning. Inside the restaurant is a lone man seated at one end of a bar, and a couple at the other end that is accented by the woman's bright red dress. A soda jerk in white waits on them behind the bar. FTP, identify this most famous work of Edward Hopper.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 255 ], [ 256, 399 ], [ 400, 450 ], [ 451, 504 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{alcohols}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "They can be synthesized via the oxymercuration-demercuration of alkenes, or from the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes, as well.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alcohol", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519087", "qanta_id": 74228, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "They can be synthesized via the oxymercuration-demercuration of alkenes, or from the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes, as well. Hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes, using a Raney nickel catalyst, also produces these organic compounds, and addition to an ester gives their tertiary variety. Perhaps their best-known synthesis results from the addition of an organometallic reagent to an aldehyde or ketone. FTP, identify this class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 295 ], [ 296, 411 ], [ 412, 508 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "{Hamiltonian} operator", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "It was first devised as a means of explaining classical mechanics, but turned out to be well suited to the formulation of quantum mechanics.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hamiltonian_(quantum_mechanics)", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055190a4", "qanta_id": 74257, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It was first devised as a means of explaining classical mechanics, but turned out to be well suited to the formulation of quantum mechanics. When applied, it can be said that the wavefunctions that result are its eigenfunctions, and the corresponding eigenvalues are the allowed energies. This operator is a common method of solving the Schr\u00f6dinger wave equation. Used to express the energy of a system in terms of its momentum and positional coordinates, FTP, identify this operator that, in simple systems, corresponds to the total energy of a system by adding the potential and kinetic energies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 288 ], [ 289, 363 ], [ 364, 598 ] ], "tournament": "St. Louis Open", "year": 2000 }, { "answer": "Auguste Rodin", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His only equestrian work, General Lynch, was destroyed by a Chilean revolution, his monument to Balzac was refused, and his most famous work was vandalized with a chopper.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055191a2", "qanta_id": 74511, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His only equestrian work, General Lynch, was destroyed by a Chilean revolution, his monument to Balzac was refused, and his most famous work was vandalized with a chopper. Gaining fame with his work on the Stock Exchange in Brussels, his visit to It aly in 1875 preceded his first freestanding figure, the Bronze Age. FTP, identify this sculptor, best known for the Gates of Hell, the Burghers of Calais, and the Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 318 ], [ 319, 422 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Immanuel Kant", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The final sentence of a work he published in 1788, stating that the mind is awed by reflection on the starry heavens above and the moral law within, is inscribed on his tombstone.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055191c9", "qanta_id": 74550, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The final sentence of a work he published in 1788, stating that the mind is awed by reflection on the starry heavens above and the moral law within, is inscribed on his tombstone. In his most famous work, published in 1781 and in a revised edition si x years later, he tried to answer the question, \"Is synthetic a priori knowledge possible?\" FTP, name this German philosopher, who dealt with judgement, practical reason, and pure reason in a series of critiques.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 247 ], [ 248, 252 ], [ 252, 342 ], [ 342, 464 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Brave New World", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The main character meets Bernard Marx and Helmholtz Watson, alienated intellectuals, and argues about freedom with Mustapha Mond, the World Controller.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brave_New_World", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055191e8", "qanta_id": 74581, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The main character meets Bernard Marx and Helmholtz Watson, alienated intellectuals, and argues about freedom with Mustapha Mond, the World Controller. Set in the year 632 After Ford, it is the tale of a Savage, raised on an Indian reservation, who kills himself in disgust after being introduced to hedonistic civilization. FTP, identify this dystopian 1932 novel in which workers are divided into categories labeled with Greek letters and the drug soma maintains happiness, written by Aldous Huxley.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 325 ], [ 326, 502 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "David Ricardo", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His concern over the cost of gold can be seen in his The High Price of Bullion, while his Proposals for an Economical and Secure Currency outline his quantity theory of money.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Ricardo", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055191f5", "qanta_id": 74594, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His concern over the cost of gold can be seen in his The High Price of Bullion, while his Proposals for an Economical and Secure Currency outline his quantity theory of money. In 1815, James Mill persuaded him to develop his Essay on the Low Price o f Corn on the Profits of Stock into his most important work, a theory of value which explains the ratio of wages to profits. FTP, identify this English economist, a wealthy Jewish stockbroker best remembered for his Principles of Political Economy and Ta xation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 247 ], [ 248, 251 ], [ 251, 375 ], [ 376, 514 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Nadine Gordimer", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "While her first short stories, collected in Face to Face and The Soft Voice of the Serpent, were quite successful, she struggled with her early novels, such as The Lying Days and A World of Strangers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519206", "qanta_id": 74611, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While her first short stories, collected in Face to Face and The Soft Voice of the Serpent, were quite successful, she struggled with her early novels, such as The Lying Days and A World of Strangers. Following the tight structure of The Late Bourge ois World, she moved into her mature period, characterized by A Guest of Honor and The Conservationist. FTP, identify this author of Burger's Daughter and July's People, a Nobel Prize winner from South Africa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 354 ], [ 355, 460 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Brownian motion", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Jean-Baptiste Perrin won the Nobel Prize for his studies of this phenomenon, which verified a theory developed by Einstein.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brownian_motion", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551926a", "qanta_id": 74711, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Jean-Baptiste Perrin won the Nobel Prize for his studies of this phenomenon, which verified a theory developed by Einstein. Physicists had studied it since the 1860s, seeing in it an opportunity to corroborate the kinetic theory of matter and, later , to prove the existence of atoms of definite size. The microscopic process underlying diffusion, it was first observed in 1827 by a Scottish botanist studying pollen grains suspended in water under a microscope. FTP, what is this phenomenon in which pa rticles in a fluid exhibit random movement?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 302 ], [ 303, 463 ], [ 464, 549 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Jane Eyre", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After an outbreak of typhus, her friend Helen Burns dies of consumption, and she leaves Lowood Asylum.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jane_Eyre", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519270", "qanta_id": 74717, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After an outbreak of typhus, her friend Helen Burns dies of consumption, and she leaves Lowood Asylum. She teaches Adele Varens before falling into poverty, only to be taken in by St. John Rivers, who asks her to accompany him to India as his wife. FTP, name this orphan girl, a governess at Thornfield Hall who falls in love with Edward Rochester in a novel by Charlotte Bronte.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 250 ], [ 250, 380 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "George Gordon or Lord Byron", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In 1809, he took a seat in the House of Lords, two years after the publication of his first work, Hours of Idleness.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lord_Byron", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551929c", "qanta_id": 74761, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1809, he took a seat in the House of Lords, two years after the publication of his first work, Hours of Idleness. Author of The Bride of Abydos, Lara, Marino Faliero, and The Siege of Corinth, he died at the battle of Missalonghi, after which his body was shipped from Greece to his baronial seat at Newstead Abbey. FTP, identify this English romantic poet, best known for The Prisoner of Chillon, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, and Don Juan (JOO-an).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 319 ], [ 320, 452 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "{Chronicle of a Death Foretold} or {Cronica de una muerte anunciada}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "An impressive entrance occurs when Alberta Simonds and the General drive up in a Model", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chronicle_of_a_Death_Foretold", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055192d9", "qanta_id": 74822, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An impressive entrance occurs when Alberta Simonds and the General drive up in a Model T. The protagonist, who was betrothed to Flora, ignores the warnings of Nahir. The title action is witnessed by Don Rogelio, who dies of a heart attack as a result. Also as a result, Pedro and Pablo, are sent to prison, but they were bound by honor. The trouble starts when the wealthy Bayardo San Roman discovers that his bride, Angela Vicario, is not a virgin thanks to the seduction of Santiago Nasar, who is killed because of this. FTP, name this short novel in which no one heeds warnings of Santiago's impending murder, a work by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 89 ], [ 90, 165 ], [ 166, 251 ], [ 252, 336 ], [ 337, 522 ], [ 523, 646 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{Quetzalcoatl}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure is often depicted wearing a pendant called the \"wind jewel\", and he summoned a hurricane to blow away humans who had been turned into monkeys.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519395", "qanta_id": 75010, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure is often depicted wearing a pendant called the \"wind jewel\", and he summoned a hurricane to blow away humans who had been turned into monkeys. Also associated with Ehecatl, this god retrieved the bones of the dead from Mictlan, and he either immolated himself and became Venus or was exiled on a raft of snakes when expelled by Tezcatlipoca, after which he was predicted to return as a white-skinned man. The twin brother of Xolotl, For 10 points, name this \"feathered serpent\", the creator god of the Aztecs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 416 ], [ 417, 521 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Gustave {Flaubert}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, one character's older wife Heloise dies of a hemorrhage after being exposed for fraudulent property claims, and in another, Rosanette's lover Frederic Moreau fails his law exams.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustave_Flaubert", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055193bb", "qanta_id": 75048, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, one character's older wife Heloise dies of a hemorrhage after being exposed for fraudulent property claims, and in another, Rosanette's lover Frederic Moreau fails his law exams. In addition to A Sentimental Education, the Greek slave Spendius helps Matho kidnap a Carthaginian princess in another work by this author who also wrote of the deceptive merchant Lheureux and a character abandoned by her lover Rodolphe Boulanger. Describing the wife of the country doctor Charles in that novel, For 10 points, name this French author of Salammbo and Madame Bovary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 454 ], [ 455, 589 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Alexander the Great} [accept {Alexander III} of Macedon; prompt on {Alexander}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler was severely challenged by a revolt led by Spitamenes in Sogdiana after this man had captured Bessus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055193bc", "qanta_id": 75049, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler was severely challenged by a revolt led by Spitamenes in Sogdiana after this man had captured Bessus. However, his other plans, such as improving the irrigation of the Euphrates and settling the Persian Gulf were cut short by his premature death. While he had a son with the Princess Roxana, after his death his generals tore apart his empire in the Wars of the Diadochi. The victor at the battles of Gaugamela and Issus over Darius III, For 10 points, name this Macedonian who conquered the Persian Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 257 ], [ 258, 382 ], [ 383, 518 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Madame Butterfly}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first act of this opera concludes with the duet Viene la sera, and the theme of robins building their nests is recalled prior to the aria Un bel di vedremo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madama_Butterfly", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055193d7", "qanta_id": 75076, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first act of this opera concludes with the duet Viene la sera, and the theme of robins building their nests is recalled prior to the aria Un bel di vedremo. The protagonist is initially denounced by her uncle the Bonze and later refuses Sharpless's advice that she marry Prince Yamadori. At the opera's close, she stabs herself behind a screen with her father's dagger after meeting her husband's American wife Kate. For 10 points, name this opera in which Lieutenant Pinkerton abandons the title character Cio-Cio-San, a work of Giacomo Puccini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 291 ], [ 292, 420 ], [ 421, 550 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Don Quixote} de la Mancha", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After the protagonist of this work refuses to pay his bill at an inn, one of his friends is tossed in a blanket as punishment.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055193dc", "qanta_id": 75081, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After the protagonist of this work refuses to pay his bill at an inn, one of his friends is tossed in a blanket as punishment. The protagonists flee to the mountains after deciding to free a group of galley slaves, and one of them is only able to spend a week governing his promised island. The student Samson Carrasco, after assuming the persona of the Knight of the White Moon, defeats the title character, who idealizes the peasant-girl Dulcinea and enlists Sancho Panza as his squire. For 10 points, name this novel about a delusional old man obsessed with chivalric romances written by Miguel de Cervantes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 290 ], [ 291, 488 ], [ 489, 611 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "War of {1812}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one battle in this war, regulars under John Ross routed a force of several thousand militia under William Winder, and pirates aided one side in winning a battle at Chalmette.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_1812", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055193e1", "qanta_id": 75086, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one battle in this war, regulars under John Ross routed a force of several thousand militia under William Winder, and pirates aided one side in winning a battle at Chalmette. The future victor at Veracruz was wounded in this war's bloodiest battle. During this war, Creek Indians were defeated at Horseshoe Bend, and an invasion of the Niagara peninsula was stopped although Tecumseh was killed at the Thames. Lundy's Lane, Bladensburg, and the Battle of Lake Erie occurred in, For 10 points, this war which saw Andrew Jackson save New Orleans from the British after this war was ended with the Treaty of Ghent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 251 ], [ 252, 412 ], [ 413, 614 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Decameron}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, a monk takes advantage of a woman by disguising himself as her lover, the angel Gabriel, and another character hides her lover Lorenzo's head in a pot of basil.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Decameron", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055193f8", "qanta_id": 75109, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, a monk takes advantage of a woman by disguising himself as her lover, the angel Gabriel, and another character hides her lover Lorenzo's head in a pot of basil. The noble Gualtieri pretends to kill his children to test the faith of his peasant wife Griselda, and during a fatal visit to Burgundy, Ciappelletto's false confession earns him a reputation for sainthood. In the central group, Dioneo, usually the last to speak, does not conform to the day's story-telling theme. For 10 points, name this work following seven women and three men fleeing the plague written by Giovanni Boccaccio.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 380 ], [ 381, 488 ], [ 489, 604 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Aida}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This opera ends with a duet of O terra addio, and the first act sees the protagonist offer a prayer in Numi, pieta.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aida", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055193fa", "qanta_id": 75111, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This opera ends with a duet of O terra addio, and the first act sees the protagonist offer a prayer in Numi, pieta. In Su, dunque, sorgete the title character's father condemns her after she sings Oh, patria mia and refuses to betray her lover. One character refuses to answer three charges at a trial conducted by Ramfis, during which the protests of Princess Amneris are refused and the sentence of death by being buried alive is imposed on Radames. For 10 points, name this opera about an Ethiopian princess by Giuseppe Verdi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 196 ], [ 197, 244 ], [ 245, 451 ], [ 452, 529 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Golden Bough}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work discusses how certain aspects of plant growth are often associated with a specific sex to introduce various festivals in which symbolic male-female relationships were used to promote the harvest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Golden_Bough", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551940a", "qanta_id": 75127, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work discusses how certain aspects of plant growth are often associated with a specific sex to introduce various festivals in which symbolic male-female relationships were used to promote the harvest. In this work, the recurring theme of divine kings who must be murdered to insure the people's prosperity originated from its discussion of the rituals of the priesthood of Nemi, and this work theorizes an evolution of ideas from those of magic to religion and culminating in science. For 10 points, name this work of comparative religion and mythology written by James Frazer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 206, 489 ], [ 490, 582 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Pride and Prejudice}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, a trip to Brighton is precipitated by Colonel Miller's regiment relocating from Meryton, and after Christmas, one character stays with the Gardiners in London.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pride_and_Prejudice", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551940f", "qanta_id": 75132, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, a trip to Brighton is precipitated by Colonel Miller's regiment relocating from Meryton, and after Christmas, one character stays with the Gardiners in London. Earlier, the protagonist is criticized for getting mud on her clothes while walking three miles to visit her sick sister. The protagonist disapproves of the marriage between the officer Wickham and her younger sister Lydia, and after being confronted by Catherine Bingley, the protagonist becomes engaged to Mr. Darcy. For 10 points, name this novel about Jane and Elizabeth Bennet written by Jane Austen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 295 ], [ 296, 492 ], [ 493, 579 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Electron}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The deceleration of these particles when fired at a metal target causes Bremsstrahlung, and these particles exhibit the Lamb Shift.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electron", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519410", "qanta_id": 75133, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The deceleration of these particles when fired at a metal target causes Bremsstrahlung, and these particles exhibit the Lamb Shift. These particles scatter photons in the Compton Effect, and beta decay ejects an antineutrino of these particles along with one. Their mass and charge were measured in Millikan's oil drop experiment, and they were discovered in experiments with cathode rays conducted by J. J. Thomson. For 10 points, name these negatively charged particles which orbit the atomic nucleus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 259 ], [ 260, 416 ], [ 417, 503 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Edvard {Grieg}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's early works include the piano piece Vier St\u00fccke, which is dedicated to his teacher E.F. Wenzel, and although he is not Rachmaninov, he composed four Symphonic Dances.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519416", "qanta_id": 75139, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's early works include the piano piece Vier St\u00fccke, which is dedicated to his teacher E.F. Wenzel, and although he is not Rachmaninov, he composed four Symphonic Dances. A light rigaudon concludes his five-movement suite \"From Holberg's Time\", and Ingrid's Lament, Arabian Dance, and Solveig's Song are members of a set of pieces written for a work of Henrik Ibsen which also includes Morning Mood and In the Hall of the Mountain King. For 10 points, name this Norwegian composer of incidental music to Peer Gynt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 414 ], [ 415, 448 ], [ 449, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Washington {Irving}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Works by this author include one in which Gottfried Wolfgang sleeps with a guillotine victim and another in which the protagonist finds a heart and liver in his wife's apron and bargains for Captain Kidd's treasure from Old Scratch.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Washington_Irving", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551942d", "qanta_id": 75162, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Works by this author include one in which Gottfried Wolfgang sleeps with a guillotine victim and another in which the protagonist finds a heart and liver in his wife's apron and bargains for Captain Kidd's treasure from Old Scratch. This author of The Devil and Tom Walker wrote a work in which Hendrick Hudson playing ninepins is associated with thunder in the Catskills, where the title character sleeps for twenty years, and also created Ichabod Crane. For 10 points, name this American author of The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, which contains Rip van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 232 ], [ 233, 455 ], [ 456, 597 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Pablo {Picasso}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one painting by this artist, a woman in a blue robe cradles an infant while looking at an artist who supports a nude woman leaning on his right shoulder and has the features of Carles Casagemas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Picasso", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519432", "qanta_id": 75167, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one painting by this artist, a woman in a blue robe cradles an infant while looking at an artist who supports a nude woman leaning on his right shoulder and has the features of Carles Casagemas. In addition to La Vie, this artist depicted Dora Maar in his series of Weeping Woman paintings and an emaciated blue man gently fingering his instrument in The Old Guitarist. His other paintings include depictions of five nude prostitutes in Les Demoiselles d'Avignon and the bombing of a Basque town during the Spanish Civil War. For 10 points, name this cubist painter of Guernica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 372 ], [ 373, 528 ], [ 529, 581 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Their Eyes Were Watching God}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this work believes the two hundred dollars pinned to the inside of her shirt are stolen until her lover reveals that he spent it on a roast chicken dinner for his workfellows.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Their_Eyes_Were_Watching_God", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519438", "qanta_id": 75173, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this work believes the two hundred dollars pinned to the inside of her shirt are stolen until her lover reveals that he spent it on a roast chicken dinner for his workfellows. Earlier, a mistake in cutting a plug of tobacco earns the protagonist a blow from her husband, the mayor of Eatonville. While escaping a flood, her final lover is bitten by a rabid dog and eventually forces her to shoot him. Following the wife of Logan Killicks, Joe Starks, and Tea Cake, For 10 points, name this novel about Janie Crawford written by Zora Neale Hurston.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 314 ], [ 315, 419 ], [ 420, 566 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Ramses II} [accept {Ramses the Great}; prompt on {Ramses}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's first act as ruler was to celebrate the festival of Opet at Thebes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ramesses_II", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519439", "qanta_id": 75174, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's first act as ruler was to celebrate the festival of Opet at Thebes. His other early undertakings included finishing his father's temple at Abydos and subduing rebellious nobles in Syria, which prompted the erection of a victory column south of Beirut. False information provided by spies led this man to start the battle for which he is most known, but the timely arrival of reinforcements from Simyra prevented his defeat. For 10 points, name this man, who fought at Kadesh with the Hittites, an Egyptian pharaoh also known for his building projects such as the temple at Abu Simpel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 262 ], [ 263, 434 ], [ 435, 595 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "George Frideric {Handel}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this composer, only violins and oboes are featured in a brief D minor meneut, the first of two menuets which follow La Paix and La Rejouissance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551943c", "qanta_id": 75177, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this composer, only violins and oboes are featured in a brief D minor meneut, the first of two menuets which follow La Paix and La Rejouissance. In addition to that five-movement suite, this composer created a work including the duet O death, where is thy sting? That work with libretto by Charles Jennens also includes the aria I know that my redeemer liveth. For 10 points, name this German-born English composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks who included the \"Hallelujah\" Chorus in his oratorio Messiah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 277 ], [ 278, 375 ], [ 376, 524 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Robert {Frost}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem by this man, the speaker holds a pane of glass \"against the world of hoary grass\" and wonders if his sleep is \"just human sleep\", and in another, Warren finds Silas dead beside the stove.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551944c", "qanta_id": 75193, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem by this man, the speaker holds a pane of glass \"against the world of hoary grass\" and wonders if his sleep is \"just human sleep\", and in another, Warren finds Silas dead beside the stove. The narrator of another poem remarks that he could say \"Elves\" to a man who is \"all pine\", whereas he is \"apple orchard\". In addition to \"The Death of the Hired Man\", this man wrote a poem which states \"I shall be telling this with a sigh / Somewhere ages and ages hence\" and concludes \"And that has made all the difference.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"Mending Wall\" and \"The Road Not Taken\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 321 ], [ 322, 440 ], [ 441, 524 ], [ 524, 608 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Carlos {Fuentes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, the death of Norma Laragoiti in a house fire is interpreted as a sacrifice by the mother of Ixca Cienfuegos and the financial empire of Federico Robles collapses.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carlos_Fuentes", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519453", "qanta_id": 75200, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, the death of Norma Laragoiti in a house fire is interpreted as a sacrifice by the mother of Ixca Cienfuegos and the financial empire of Federico Robles collapses. This author's other works include one in which the protagonist burns documents from the Miranda estate before being shot by General Arroyo and claimed by Harriet Winslow and one in which a business mogul recalls his marriage to Catalina and rise to power in flashbacks from his deathbed. For 10 points, name this Mexican novelist, the author of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 478 ], [ 479, 581 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this author proposed cyclical fluctuations in the marginal efficiency of capital as the cause of the \"trade cycle\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519460", "qanta_id": 75213, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work, this author proposed cyclical fluctuations in the marginal efficiency of capital as the cause of the \"trade cycle\". In another work, this author cited Lenin's idea of debauching capitalist currency in his predictions of starvation in post-World War I Europe. This author of The Economic Consequences of the Peace also wrote a work emphasizing the relationship between economic output and aggregate demand. For 10 points, name this British economist who advocated deficit spending in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 271 ], [ 272, 418 ], [ 419, 550 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC XVIII", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The {Unbearable Lightness of Being}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A man known only as \"the editor with a big chin\" befriends the main character's son, Simon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Unbearable_Lightness_of_Being", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055194da", "qanta_id": 75335, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A man known only as \"the editor with a big chin\" befriends the main character's son, Simon. In part six, known as \"the grand march,\" the narrator tells of the death of Stalin's son, who threw himself against an electric fence. Another main character is attacked by muggers in Cambodia and wakes up to find Marie-Claude, his wife, by his bedside. This character, Franz, dies immediately thereafter, leaving behind a lover named Sabina. The novel's two main characters, Tomas and Tereza, are killed together in a car accident, and much of the novel takes place during the Prague Spring. For ten points, name this famous novel of Milan Kundera.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 226 ], [ 227, 345 ], [ 346, 434 ], [ 435, 584 ], [ 585, 641 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Friedrich {Hayek}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This figure was the major force behind the Mount Pelerin society and preferred to refer to himself as an \"Old Whig.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Hayek", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055194db", "qanta_id": 75336, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure was the major force behind the Mount Pelerin society and preferred to refer to himself as an \"Old Whig.\" He did work on neurophysiology and, in 1952, published The Sensory Order. His essay \"Why I am not a Conservative\" serves as an appendix to The Constitution of Liberty, which preceded such works as 1988's The Fatal Conceit. The author of The Use of Knowledge in Society, The Pure Theory of Capital, and Prices and Production, he is probably best known for a 1944 work that details the tradeoff between socialism and freedom. For ten points, name this author of The Road to Serfdom and winner of the 1974 Nobel Prize for Economics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 190 ], [ 191, 339 ], [ 340, 540 ], [ 541, 646 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{J}ohn {S}tuart {Mill}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Chapter V of this person's autobiography relates how, shortly after co- founding the Westminster Review, he lost the capacity for feeling until rediscovering emotion in Wordsworth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Stuart_Mill", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055194f1", "qanta_id": 75358, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Chapter V of this person's autobiography relates how, shortly after co- founding the Westminster Review, he lost the capacity for feeling until rediscovering emotion in Wordsworth. His late The Contest in America discusses the outcome of the Civil War, while his criticisms of a new philosophical system can be seen in Auguste Comte and Positivism. Though his magnum opus is A System of Logic, this philosopher's shorter tracts are more widely read today. For ten points, name the author of Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy, The Subjection of Women, Utilitarianism, and On Liberty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 348 ], [ 349, 455 ], [ 456, 604 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{photoelectric} effect", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A plot of current from this phenomenon against potential difference yields curves at different intensities that converge to a stopping potential at some negative applied voltage, measuring the energy of the fastest electron.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Photoelectric_effect", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551950e", "qanta_id": 75387, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A plot of current from this phenomenon against potential difference yields curves at different intensities that converge to a stopping potential at some negative applied voltage, measuring the energy of the fastest electron. Since no detectable time lag has ever been measured and the kinetic energy is independent of light intensity, the explanation for this effect must rely on a characteristic cutoff frequency, the product of which with Planck's constant equals the work function, the minimum energy needed by an electron to escape the forces that bind it to a metal surface. For ten points, name this effect in which shining light on a metal facilitates the ejection of electrons from its surface.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 224 ], [ 225, 579 ], [ 580, 702 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "The {Garden of Earthly Delights}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Dirk Bax argues that some objects in this work are a pun on the word schel, meaning \u2018quarrel.'", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519556", "qanta_id": 75459, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Dirk Bax argues that some objects in this work are a pun on the word schel, meaning \u2018quarrel.' At bottom-center, a fish lies dead on the ground, while an owl peeks out at us from a fountain above crumbled rocks in another section. On the left side of this painting, a unicorn drinks from a lake as a giraffe looks on, while a swarm of animals exits from a hole in the ground on the bottom. On the right side, a monstrous bird on a throne swallows a human while defecating another one as buildings explode in the smoky landscape above. FTP, identify this triptych depicting the genesis of the world, scenes of debauchery, and punishment in hell, a work by Hieronymous Bosch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 230 ], [ 231, 389 ], [ 390, 534 ], [ 535, 673 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Coagulation} or Blood {Clotting} or {OH GOD THE BLEEDING STOPPED}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One sub-pathway in this process is activated by Hageman factor and prekallikrein, and one critical protein in this pathway is Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which acts upon Proteins S, C and Z. VKORC recycles one important molecule in this process, which is why warfarin is often used to inhibit this process.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Coagulation", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519575", "qanta_id": 75490, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One sub-pathway in this process is activated by Hageman factor and prekallikrein, and one critical protein in this pathway is Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which acts upon Proteins S, C and Z. VKORC recycles one important molecule in this process, which is why warfarin is often used to inhibit this process. Disrupted in delta storage pool deficiency and Bernard-Soulier syndrome, important activators of this process include Tissue Factor and Von Willebrand factor. This process relies on the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin, and is disrupted in hemophilia. FTP, name this process initiated by platelets, the hardening and drying of blood in a wound.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 306 ], [ 307, 465 ], [ 466, 576 ], [ 577, 669 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Peter The Great} or {Peter I} of Russia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler's modifications of the civil service system included the \"Table of Ranks,\" which ensured promotion based on performance rather than seniority.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519576", "qanta_id": 75491, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler's modifications of the civil service system included the \"Table of Ranks,\" which ensured promotion based on performance rather than seniority. Initially forced to share power with his sickly half-brother, his diplomatic efforts included the formation of a \"Grand Embassy,\" and the first year of his reign saw the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk. He failed to take the Ottoman fortress of Azov in one campaign, and was a signatory to the Treaty of Pruth. He also pushed for expansion and modernization of the Navy and achieved victory over Charles XII at the battle of Poltava. FTP, name this six-foot- eight tall man who won the Great Northern War, a Romanov czar of Russia who implemented extensive westernization.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 359 ], [ 360, 467 ], [ 468, 590 ], [ 591, 729 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Wuthering Heights}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work is attacked by dogs after asking another man for a lantern and is rescued by a cook.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wuthering_Heights", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519582", "qanta_id": 75503, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work is attacked by dogs after asking another man for a lantern and is rescued by a cook. That same character has a dream in which he feels a cold hand after attempting to stop a tree from tapping against his window. Hindley reacts badly after his wife Frances dies after giving birth to Hareton, and one of the main characters marries Edgar Linton. Ellen Dean narrates part of this novel, which begins with Mr. Lockwood's visit to the main setting of Thrushcross Grange. FTP, name this novel about the romance of Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw by Charlotte Bronte.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 238 ], [ 239, 371 ], [ 372, 493 ], [ 494, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Insulin}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The expression of this protein is partly controlled by the binding of NeuroD1 and Par1, and its secretion is inhibited by SIRT4, which ADP- ribosylates glutamate dehydrogenase.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Insulin", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519592", "qanta_id": 75519, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The expression of this protein is partly controlled by the binding of NeuroD1 and Par1, and its secretion is inhibited by SIRT4, which ADP- ribosylates glutamate dehydrogenase. Artificial versions of it include Glargine and Lispro versions, and its structure consists of a central zinc ion coordinated to histidine residues in a hexamer. Originally extracted by Banting and Macleod, this hormone partly operates by upregulating the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. By up-regulating protein kinase B and PFK-2, this hormone promotes glycogen synthesis and opposes gluconeogenesis. Antagonistic to glucagon, FTP, name this peptide hormone secreted from the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans, responsible for lowering blood sugar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 337 ], [ 338, 478 ], [ 479, 593 ], [ 594, 746 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Druze}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of the most important holy sites for this group is the tomb of Nebi Shu'eib, or Jethro, and their other prophets include Sabalan and Al-Ya'afuri.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Druze", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055195b0", "qanta_id": 75549, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the most important holy sites for this group is the tomb of Nebi Shu'eib, or Jethro, and their other prophets include Sabalan and Al-Ya'afuri. They regard the calf as a symbol of negative forces, and call their theology hikma. Their secular juhal members are not granted access to holy books, a privilege reserved for the uqqal, and their emblem represents the 'superior ministers' as a five-colored star. Founded by Al-Hakim and based on seven central principles, FTP, identify this religious sect primarily concentrated in Israel, Lebanon, and Syria, an offshoot of Ismaili Islam whose members refer to themselves as muwahudeen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 233 ], [ 234, 414 ], [ 414, 638 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Diffusion}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Knudsen type of this process occurs in long pores, and Dynkin's formula describes the Ito type.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055195ba", "qanta_id": 75559, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Knudsen type of this process occurs in long pores, and Dynkin's formula describes the Ito type. Ehrenfest developed a model of this to help explain the statistical interpretation of the second law of thermodynamics. Einstein and Smoluchowski linked Boltzmann's constant and the absolute temperature together by a constant in determining this value, while its flux is related to the concentration field and its resultant change on the field over time are described by Fick's Laws. Graham's Law also describes, FTP, which chemical process through which substances, primarily gases, mix as a result of random movements of their components.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 219 ], [ 220, 483 ], [ 484, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{surface tension}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One method of measuring this quantity was modified by both Ramay and Shields and Guggenheim and Katayama, and contains a V to the 2/3 term and is used to relate this quantity to temperature.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Surface_tension", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055195c1", "qanta_id": 75566, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One method of measuring this quantity was modified by both Ramay and Shields and Guggenheim and Katayama, and contains a V to the 2/3 term and is used to relate this quantity to temperature. In addition to the Eotvos's rule, the Tolman length measures the deviation from its planar value. The Marangoni effect is where a difference in this quantity causes the transfer of mass, and Laplace's Law states the inverse relationship between this value and alveolar radius. Often measured in dynes per centimeter, its effect is lowered by surfactants, and it is responsible for \"tears of wine\" and the ability of water striders to walk on water. FTP, name this tendency of a liquid to minimize its exposed area, causing capillary action.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 288 ], [ 289, 467 ], [ 468, 639 ], [ 640, 731 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Tartuffe}, or The Impostor", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the fifth act of this play, one character chides another for making a bad decision regarding a casket of state secrets, and in the next scene, that same character notes that \"we live in such an age, with such a king, that violence can not advance our cause.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tartuffe", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055195e3", "qanta_id": 75600, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the fifth act of this play, one character chides another for making a bad decision regarding a casket of state secrets, and in the next scene, that same character notes that \"we live in such an age, with such a king, that violence can not advance our cause.\" After disowning his son Damis for claiming that the title character had made an advance on his wife, the main character signs his house over to the title character. In this work's final scene, the title character is arrested by an officer of the prince for his past crimes while Valere, Marianne, and Cleante, among others, look on. For ten points, identify this play about the titular hypocrite who attempts to swindle Orgon, a comedy by Moliere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 261 ], [ 262, 426 ], [ 427, 594 ], [ 595, 709 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Guy de {Maupassant}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's works sees several employees of the title locale, including Fernande and Rosa, journey to witness Constance's confirmation, while another works features the prostitute Rachel stabbing the title character, an officer named Wilhelm von Eyrick.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Guy_de_Maupassant", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519608", "qanta_id": 75637, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's works sees several employees of the title locale, including Fernande and Rosa, journey to witness Constance's confirmation, while another works features the prostitute Rachel stabbing the title character, an officer named Wilhelm von Eyrick. In addition to \"Madame Tellier's Establishment\" and \"Mademoiselle Fifi,\" this author wrote a short story in which Elizabeth Rousset, the title prostitute, finally gives in to the Prussian officer, as well as a work in which Mathilde Loisel works to pay back Madame Forestier for the title object, which turns out to be fake. FTP, name this French author of \"Boule de suif,\" or \"Ball of Fat,\" and \"The Necklace.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 262 ], [ 263, 587 ], [ 588, 674 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{weak} force", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A 2005 study at the SLAC showed the lessening strength of this entity at longer distances.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Weak_interaction", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551960a", "qanta_id": 75639, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A 2005 study at the SLAC showed the lessening strength of this entity at longer distances. Val Fitch and James Cronin received the Nobel Prize using kaon decay to demonstrate its property of CP violation, and an early theory of it was attempted by Fermi, whose name is sometimes given to its coupling constant. Yang and Lee built upon the experiments of C.S. Wu to show that it violates parity, and the Glashow-Weinberg-Salaam theory unifies it with the electromagnetic force. Mediated by the heavy W and Z gauge bosons, it is capable of changing flavour, and affects all quarks and left-handed leptons. Causing the production of a proton, electron, and anti-neutrino in beta-minus decay, this is, FTP, which fundamental interaction, ten to the fourteenth power less in strength than the strong force?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 310 ], [ 311, 476 ], [ 477, 603 ], [ 604, 801 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Collagen}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Mutations in the sixth type of this molecule causes Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich myopathy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Collagen", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551960f", "qanta_id": 75644, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Mutations in the sixth type of this molecule causes Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich myopathy. Mutations in another version of this molecule causes Ehlers- Danlos syndrome, while another mutation in this molecule causes Alports's syndrome. This molecule is stained by Masson's Trichrome, and it is modified by prolyl hydroxylase in the ER during synthesis, which requires vitamin C as a cofactor. Every third residue in this protein is glycine, which allows it to stabilize into a characteristic triple helix. FTP, name this fibrous connective tissue protein found in tendons, bones, teeth, and skin, the most abundant protein in mammals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 237 ], [ 237, 395 ], [ 395, 509 ], [ 509, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Sergei {Prokofiev}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer reworked the music for the ballet Ala i Lolli into his Scythian Suite, while he composed a Symphony-Concerto for Mstislav Rostropovich, inspiring a similar work by Shostakovich.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519618", "qanta_id": 75653, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer reworked the music for the ballet Ala i Lolli into his Scythian Suite, while he composed a Symphony-Concerto for Mstislav Rostropovich, inspiring a similar work by Shostakovich. A poem by Balmont inspired his Visions Fugitive set for piano, while Valery Bryusov's novel The Fiery Angel was the basis of his opera of the same name. The March is the most famous section of his opera The Love for Three Oranges, while the \"Troika\" is the fourth movement of his Lieutenant Kije Suite. Better known for the opera War and Peace and his ballets Cinderella and Romeo and Juliet, this is, FTP, which this Russian composer of Peter and the Wolf?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 344 ], [ 345, 494 ], [ 495, 649 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Magic Flute} or Die {Zauberfl\u00f6te}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this opera, after being mistaken for the devil, reasons that if there are black birds, then of course there should be black people too.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519629", "qanta_id": 75670, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this opera, after being mistaken for the devil, reasons that if there are black birds, then of course there should be black people too. Three boys advise the lead tenor to \u2018be a man,' and Monostatos is punished for his insolence at the end of Act I. Upon seeing a lovely portrait, the tenor sings \"Dies Bildnis ist bezaubend sch\u00f6n,\" and that character is forced to remain silent by Sarastro as part of his trials. The same fate befalls Papageno earlier, and another character is given a dagger as we hear the coloratura aria \"Der H\u00f6lle Rache\" from the Queen of the Night. FTP, identify this opera where Tamino is sent to rescue Pamina using the titular instrument, the final opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 266 ], [ 267, 430 ], [ 431, 588 ], [ 589, 725 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Allan {Ginsberg}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Phillip Glass composed the music to this authors' Hydrogen Jukebox\u00b8 while his early work is collected in Empty Mirror.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Allen_Ginsberg", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551962c", "qanta_id": 75673, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Phillip Glass composed the music to this authors' Hydrogen Jukebox\u00b8 while his early work is collected in Empty Mirror. One work says the title land is where clouds rise \"as on a wave\" on a \"green crag\", and another poem describes people \"shopping for images\", and includes a discussion of Whitman's beard. William Blake's influence can be seen in his \"Sunflower Sutra\", and in addition to \"Wales Visitation\" and \"A Supermarket in California\", he wrote an elegy describing his mother's immigration and insanity. In another poem, he addresses \"angelheaded hipsters\" and notes how madness destroyed the best minds of his generation in a more famous work. FTP, name this Jewish beat poet of \"Kaddish\" and \"Howl\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 305 ], [ 306, 510 ], [ 511, 651 ], [ 652, 708 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Demeter}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the Homeric hymn to this goddess she is referred to as the \"lady of the golden sword,\" and at one point, after being raped by Poseidon in the shape of a stallion, this goddess was known as Erinys.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Demeter", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551963e", "qanta_id": 75691, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the Homeric hymn to this goddess she is referred to as the \"lady of the golden sword,\" and at one point, after being raped by Poseidon in the shape of a stallion, this goddess was known as Erinys. By a hunter named Iasion, this goddess bore the child Ploutos. In gratitude to Celeus, this goddess attempted to make Demophon immortal and instructed Triptolemus, and she was the only one to eat the meal served by Tantalos, resulting in Pelops requiring an ivory shoulder. Helios informed this goddess of the worst offense perpetrated against her, which resulted in her withholding the harvest. For ten points, identify this goddess of agriculture, a sister of Zeus and the mother of Persephone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 262 ], [ 263, 473 ], [ 474, 595 ], [ 596, 696 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Berlin}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A building in this city contains a glass dome symbolizing the transparency of democracy designed by Norman Foster, and a museum dedicated to the works of Kathe Kollwitz.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Berlin", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519640", "qanta_id": 75693, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A building in this city contains a glass dome symbolizing the transparency of democracy designed by Norman Foster, and a museum dedicated to the works of Kathe Kollwitz. This city also contains a Yevgeniy Vuchetich- designed Soviet War Memorial in its Treptower Park, while other landmarks include a museum which contains the Ishtar Gate and an altar excavated from the ruins of a Greek city, the Pergamon Museum. Also containing a field of concrete slabs that serve as a memorial to the Jews of Europe, FTP, identify this city that is home to the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag House, and remains of a certain wall.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 215 ], [ 216, 413 ], [ 414, 617 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "George {Berkeley}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of his works consists solely of 392 questions such as whether an industrious nation can ever be poor and is titled The Querist, and he published an instrumentalist view of Newtonian dynamics titled De Motu.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Berkeley", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519647", "qanta_id": 75700, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his works consists solely of 392 questions such as whether an industrious nation can ever be poor and is titled The Querist, and he published an instrumentalist view of Newtonian dynamics titled De Motu. He criticized Shaftesbury and de Mandeville in a work about a 'minute philosopher,' Alciphron. He attacked the notions of infinitesimal change in calculus in a work addressed to \"an Infidel Mathematician,\" and criticized Cartesian dualism in works like A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Understanding. Also the author of A New Theory of Vision, FTP, name this advocate of immaterialism and author of Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonus, an Irish philosopher who said \"to be is to be perceived.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 211, 305 ], [ 306, 524 ], [ 525, 724 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Hanseatic} League or {Hansa}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its fleet unsuccessfully attacked Helsiborg under Mayor Wittenborg's leadership, and it secured concessions from Eric the Priest-Hater in the Treaty of Tongsberg.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hanseatic_League", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519653", "qanta_id": 75712, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its fleet unsuccessfully attacked Helsiborg under Mayor Wittenborg's leadership, and it secured concessions from Eric the Priest-Hater in the Treaty of Tongsberg. A meeting in Wisnac led to its first \"Tohopestate\" in order to defend against princely influences, and Duke Albrecht of Mecklenburg sought to destroy it by hiring the Vitalenbruder pirates. It established a Kontor at Novgorod and It reached its peak following the Treaty of Straslund with Waldemar IV of Denmark, and by the time its last diet convened in 1669, only Bremen, Hamburg, and its original center remained. FTP, identify this union centered at Lubeck, an association German towns which dominated trade in northern Europe for centuries.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 352 ], [ 353, 579 ], [ 580, 708 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Apollo}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Due to his his patronage of flocks and shepherds, this deity is considered the protective god of colonists.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apollo", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519659", "qanta_id": 75718, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Due to his his patronage of flocks and shepherds, this deity is considered the protective god of colonists. The Romans spread his cult to the Celts, who called him \"Atepomarus\", the great horseman. The epithet \"Lycegenes\" refers to his mother, patron goddess of Lycia. Depending on the myth, either he or Oeagrus is Orpheus' father. After stealing this deity's cattle, Hermes made for him the first lyre. The brother of Artemis, FTP, who is this Greek god of music and light?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 197 ], [ 198, 268 ], [ 269, 332 ], [ 333, 404 ], [ 405, 475 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{mass}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This quantity for an atomic nucleus is determined using Weizscker's [VAHYTS-zek-uhrs] formula.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mass", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519669", "qanta_id": 75734, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity for an atomic nucleus is determined using Weizscker's [VAHYTS-zek-uhrs] formula. The no hair theorem states black holes are completely characterized by their angular momentum, charge, and this quantity. The oscillation period of a spring equals two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant. The theoretical value of this quantity for gluons is zero. Linear momentum equals this quantity times velocity. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in kilograms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 216 ], [ 217, 330 ], [ 331, 389 ], [ 390, 442 ], [ 443, 499 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Ernest {Hemingway}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A two-part story by this author sees a recurring character from his work camp and fish near the title river, landing two trout.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ernest_Hemingway", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551966a", "qanta_id": 75735, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A two-part story by this author sees a recurring character from his work camp and fish near the title river, landing two trout. The unnamed girl explodes, \"Will you please, please, please, please, please, please, please stop talking\" at the American in another story by this author when he won't stop trying to talk her into an abortion. That work by this author of \"Big Two-Hearted River\" showcases this author's noted \"iceberg theory\" of composition. Yet another short story by this author sees Harry dream of ascending to the title summit by plane as he dies of gangrene on the African plain. FTP what author wrote the stories \"Hills Like White Elephants\" and \"The Snows of Kilimanjaro.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 337 ], [ 338, 452 ], [ 453, 595 ], [ 596, 690 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Nikolai {Gogol}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character created by this author runs his office by the motto, \"Strictness, strictness, and again strictness!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Gogol", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551966f", "qanta_id": 75740, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character created by this author runs his office by the motto, \"Strictness, strictness, and again strictness!\" Mrs. Podtochin is accused of witchcraft in another story by this man that opens with Ivan Yakovlevich finding an object that belongs to Major Kovalyov in a loaf of bread. He also wrote a story in which the Very Important Person is attacked by a ghost after the death of Akaky Akakievich. For 10 points, name this author of \"Nevsky Prospect,\" \"The Overcoat,\" and \"The Nose.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 285 ], [ 286, 402 ], [ 403, 488 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Albert {Camus}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker described living and eating as value judgments in a work that distinguishes between the \"age of negation\" and the \"age of ideologies\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Camus", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519676", "qanta_id": 75747, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker described living and eating as value judgments in a work that distinguishes between the \"age of negation\" and the \"age of ideologies\". This author of the essay The Rebel wrote another essay that discusses the \"nostalgia for unity\" as a reaction to absurdity and defines the essential question of philosophy as \"Should I kill myself?\" He also wrote a novel that opens in the bar Mexico City in Amsterdam, where a stranger is given drink- ordering advice from \"judge-penitent\" Jean-Baptiste Clamance. This author of The Myth of Sisyphus and The Fall wrote a novel in which an Arab is killed by Meursault. For 10 points, name this author of The Stranger.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 172 ], [ 173, 346 ], [ 347, 511 ], [ 512, 615 ], [ 616, 664 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gabriel {Garcia Marquez}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel in which the protagonist is thanked for making the Widow Nazaret a whore and later conducts a four month affair with Barbara Lynch.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gabriel_Garc\u00eda_M\u00e1rquez", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519682", "qanta_id": 75759, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a novel in which the protagonist is thanked for making the Widow Nazaret a whore and later conducts a four month affair with Barbara Lynch. This author wrote a novel in which a character who is constantly swarmed by yellow butterflies, Mauricio, is shot and paralyzed while attempting to conduct an affair with Meme. He wrote a novel in which Juvenal Urbino's death allows Fermina Daza to reunite with Florentino Ariza and one which chronicles the lives of Jose Arcadio, Colonel Aureliano, and the rest of the Buendia family in Macondo. For 10 points, name this author of Love in the Time of Cholera and One Hundred Years of Solitude.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 334 ], [ 335, 554 ], [ 555, 652 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Quetzalcoatl}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Carvings on Stela 19 are the earliest illustrations of this god, depicting him rising from a shaman's ritual.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519684", "qanta_id": 75761, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Carvings on Stela 19 are the earliest illustrations of this god, depicting him rising from a shaman's ritual. He was part of a trinity with the Goddess of the Cave and Tlaloc, god of rain, in early agricultural cults. He is the god of light, wind, and the cardinal West and twin brother of Xolotl [zo- lottel]. In one story Tezcatlipoca got him drunk and tricked him into sleeping with his own sister. FTP who is this Aztec \"feathered serpent\" deity?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 217 ], [ 218, 296 ], [ 297, 310 ], [ 311, 401 ], [ 402, 450 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{spleen}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Damage to this organ is indicated by Kehr's sign, which involves pain in the left shoulder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spleen", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055196c7", "qanta_id": 75828, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Damage to this organ is indicated by Kehr's sign, which involves pain in the left shoulder. Reduced function of this organ is characterized by Howell- Jolly bodies. The arterioles of this organ are surrounded by cuffs of lymphocytes known as periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths. This organ is enlarged in patients with mononucleosis. In this organ, the marginal zone separates white pulp from red pulp. This organ is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, and its function is to destroy worn-out red blood cells. For 10 points, name this organ that can rupture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 164 ], [ 165, 274 ], [ 275, 329 ], [ 330, 398 ], [ 399, 520 ], [ 521, 569 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{magnetic} field(s)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In liquids and gases, the birefringence of light in the presence of a transverse one of these entities is known as the Cotton\u2013Mouton and Voigt effects, respectively.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Magnetic_field", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055196d0", "qanta_id": 75837, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In liquids and gases, the birefringence of light in the presence of a transverse one of these entities is known as the Cotton\u2013Mouton and Voigt effects, respectively. Small ones can be measured by superconducting quantum interference devices. There are plateaus in the plot of the Hall voltage versus this quantity. Spectral lines are split in the presence of one of these in the Zeeman effect. The force on a current-carrying wire is equal to the product of current, wire length, and the magnitude of this field, which is measured in units of teslas. For 10 points, name this type of field that is created by a moving charge and whose lines are continuous, unlike electric fields.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 241 ], [ 242, 314 ], [ 315, 393 ], [ 394, 550 ], [ 551, 680 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{diffusion} (coefficient) [prompt on \u201ceffusion\u201d or \u201cosmosis\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The surface type of this phenomenon can occur by gliding, reptation, and leapfrog mechanisms.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055196d3", "qanta_id": 75840, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The surface type of this phenomenon can occur by gliding, reptation, and leapfrog mechanisms. Molecules collide with walls more than each other in the Knudsen [NOOD-suhn] type of this phenomenon, whose namesake coefficient appears in Fick's first law. The rate of this process is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of a gas according to Graham's law. Carrier proteins can transport sugars and amino acids in a facilitated process named for this phenomenon. For fluids through a membrane, this process is called osmosis. For 10 points, name this movement of substances from areas of high concentration to low concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 251 ], [ 252, 375 ], [ 376, 481 ], [ 482, 544 ], [ 545, 647 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Poland}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work from this nation includes a scene in which Polda and Pauline listen to the Father's Treatises on Tailor's Dummies after Adela scares a group of birds out of the attic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poland", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055196db", "qanta_id": 75848, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work from this nation includes a scene in which Polda and Pauline listen to the Father's Treatises on Tailor's Dummies after Adela scares a group of birds out of the attic. That novel is Bruno Schulz's Street of Crocodiles. This nation is the setting of a novel in which the magician Pimko transforms a 30-year old man named Joey into a schoolboy. A Nobel-winner from this nation wrote a trilogy set here that includes the novels The Deluge and With Fire and Sword. That author used Nero's Rome as a setting for a novel about the love of Marcus Vinicius for Ligia. For 10 points, name this home country of Ferdydurke author Witold Gombrowicz and Quo Vadis? author Henryk Sinkiewicz [sine-kav-itch].", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 227 ], [ 228, 351 ], [ 352, 469 ], [ 470, 568 ], [ 569, 660 ], [ 661, 702 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Christopher {Marlowe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters kills all of the nuns in a convent with poisoned rice and later frames the friar Jacomo for the murder of another friar named Barnardine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Christopher_Marlowe", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055196e1", "qanta_id": 75854, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's characters kills all of the nuns in a convent with poisoned rice and later frames the friar Jacomo for the murder of another friar named Barnardine. The \"Baines note\" quotes this author as saying that \"they who love not tobacco and boys [are] fools.\" He wrote about a character who boxes the pope's ears after giving grapes to the Duchess of Vanholt. One of his characters, the father of Abigail, kills his Turkish servant Ithamore before being tricked into falling into a pot of boiling oil. He also wrote about a scholar who sells his soul to Mephistophilis. For 10 points, name this author of The Jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 271 ], [ 272, 371 ], [ 372, 513 ], [ 514, 581 ], [ 582, 653 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Hera}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Pelias earned the ire of this goddess for killing his stepmother Sidero while she hid in a temple to this goddess.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hera", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055196ec", "qanta_id": 75865, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Pelias earned the ire of this goddess for killing his stepmother Sidero while she hid in a temple to this goddess. While posing as an old woman, she caused Jason to lose one sandal in the river Anaurus, inadvertently triggering the quest for the Golden Fleece. In gratitude for being saved from Porphyrion during the Gigantomachy she gave her daughter Hebe as a wife to Heracles, though earlier she had sent serpents to kill him as a baby. This goddess cursed Echo, Lamia, and Dionysus's mother Semele while attempting to circumvent her husband's many affairs with mortals. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess of women, the wife of Zeus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 260 ], [ 261, 439 ], [ 440, 476 ], [ 477, 573 ], [ 574, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{London}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A dog named Mister Mars is stolen from the flat of Sammy Starfield in a novel set in this city that centers on the adventures of Finn and Jake, Iris Murdoch's novel Under the Net.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "London", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055196f6", "qanta_id": 75875, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A dog named Mister Mars is stolen from the flat of Sammy Starfield in a novel set in this city that centers on the adventures of Finn and Jake, Iris Murdoch's novel Under the Net. Tobias Oates describes a man looking for Henry Phipps in another novel set in this city. That Peter Carey work about Jack Maggs is a reworking of a novel set here about an apprentice of Joe Gargary, who sees the death of Abel Magwitch. This home of Pip in Great Expectations is also the setting of a work that provides an eyewitness account of events like the Second Dutch War and the Great Fire. For 10 points, name this city, the home of diarist Samuel Pepys [Peeps].", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 268 ], [ 269, 415 ], [ 416, 576 ], [ 577, 640 ], [ 641, 649 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Rembrandt} Harmenszoon van Rijn", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this artist depicts a servant washing the feet of Bathsheba, who is holding a letter from King David in her right hand.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rembrandt", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055196fa", "qanta_id": 75879, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this artist depicts a servant washing the feet of Bathsheba, who is holding a letter from King David in her right hand. This man's only seascape, which was stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, is set on the Sea of Galilee and depicts Christ about to calm a storm. One painting by this man includes a girl in a yellow dress with a chicken. The corpse of Aris Kindt is seen in another work by this man, who often depicted Titus, his son, and Saskia, his wife. One work by this artist depicts the company of Frans Banning Cocq, and another shows Nicolaes Tulp performing an anatomy lesson. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter of The Night Watch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 287 ], [ 288, 362 ], [ 363, 481 ], [ 482, 610 ], [ 611, 669 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Japan}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One author from this nation wrote about a character nicknamed \"Hard Luck\" who stabs a tobacco merchant in the head after preventing him raping a girl in The Uprooted Pine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519701", "qanta_id": 75886, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author from this nation wrote about a character nicknamed \"Hard Luck\" who stabs a tobacco merchant in the head after preventing him raping a girl in The Uprooted Pine. That author wrote about a character who performs a C-section then kills the infant to buy time before tubes filled with honey and hornets lead to defeat for the Tartars in one of the titular Battles of Coxinga. A playwright from this nation wrote a play in which an oil merchant scams two silver kamme from Tokubei, leading him to kill Ohatsu and himself. For 10 points, name this home of the author of The Love Suicides at Sonezaki, Chikamatsu Monzaemon, who wrote bunraku and kabuki plays.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 382 ], [ 383, 527 ], [ 528, 663 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{New York} City", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One novel set in this city features \"\u00e4pp\u00e4r\u00e4t\"s that share data about characters like Eunice Park and Lenny Abramov.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_York_City", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519703", "qanta_id": 75888, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One novel set in this city features \"\u00e4pp\u00e4r\u00e4t\"s that share data about characters like Eunice Park and Lenny Abramov. That novel is Gary Shtyenngart's Super Sad True Love Story. In another novel set here a key found in an envelope prompts a meeting at which William Black is told by Oskar Schell about a voicemail consisting of the repeated phrase \"Are you there?\" In another novel set here Keith Neudecker's estranged wife Lianne repeatedly sees the title street performer. For 10 points, name this setting of Jonathan Safran Foer's Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close and Don DeLillo's Falling Man, both of which center on responses to the 9/11 attacks.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 175 ], [ 176, 347 ], [ 347, 361 ], [ 361, 362 ], [ 363, 472 ], [ 473, 653 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{photon}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The interaction of dust and these particles results in Poynting\u2013Robertson drag.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Photon", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519710", "qanta_id": 75901, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The interaction of dust and these particles results in Poynting\u2013Robertson drag. A neutral pion decays into two of these particles, which are their own antiparticles. The increase in wavelength of these particles when they collide with electrons is the Compton effect. These particles result from electron- positron annihilation, and these bosons can also be created by stimulated emission. The energy of these particles equals the product of frequency and Planck's constant. For 10 points, name these particles that comprise light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 165 ], [ 166, 267 ], [ 268, 389 ], [ 390, 474 ], [ 475, 576 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "People\u2019s Republic of {China}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One novel by an author from this country sees a private eye hitch a ride with a lady trucker to a coal mine in Liquorland to investigate claims of cannibalism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519712", "qanta_id": 75903, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One novel by an author from this country sees a private eye hitch a ride with a lady trucker to a coal mine in Liquorland to investigate claims of cannibalism. Another author from this nation created a character who signs a circle instead of his name to a confession and prides himself on petty spiritual victories. This home of the author of The Republic of Wine is also the setting of a novel in which the tourist \"You\" has a relationship with \"She\" then is revealed to be an alter ego of \"I\" while backpacking to Lingshan. For 10 points, name this home to Mo Yan, \"The True Story of Ah Q\" author Lu Xun, and Soul Mountain author Gao Xingjian.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 315 ], [ 316, 525 ], [ 526, 645 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{France}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Tensions arose between this nation and the United States in 1985 when it didn't allow US planes to use its airspace on bombing flights against Muammar Khaddafi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "France", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519722", "qanta_id": 75919, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Tensions arose between this nation and the United States in 1985 when it didn't allow US planes to use its airspace on bombing flights against Muammar Khaddafi. The first party divisions in the US partly began when Jeffersonian republicans supported this country's grievances after the Jay Treaty. US ships frequently engaged this country's navy in the late 18th century in the undeclared Quasi War. FTP what nation's navy helped blockade British forces at Yorktown at the end of the Revolutionary War, led by Admiral de Grasse and General Rochambeau?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 297 ], [ 298, 399 ], [ 400, 551 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{speed of light} [prompt on \"c\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This quantity is raised to the third power in the definition of Planck length.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Speed_of_light", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca90551973f", "qanta_id": 75948, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity is raised to the third power in the definition of Planck length. In the Einstein field equations, the product of 8 pi and the gravitational constant is divided by this quantity to the fourth power. An early calculation of it was made by Ole Romer using the eclipses of Jupiter's moons. This quantity is found in the Lorentz factor and is divided by velocity when calculating the index of refraction. In an equation developed by Einstein, energy equals mass times this quantity squared. For 10 points, name this value that is approximately three hundred million meters per second.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 211 ], [ 212, 299 ], [ 300, 413 ], [ 414, 499 ], [ 500, 593 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Belgium}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A short-lived government in this modern-day country was divided into Vonckists and Statists.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Belgium", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519747", "qanta_id": 75956, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A short-lived government in this modern-day country was divided into Vonckists and Statists. This country's independence movement was started after a performance of The Mute Girl of Portici, and was ended with the signing of the Treaty of London. During WWI, this country stalled Germany at the Battle of Liege after being invaded as part of the Schlieffen Plan. An earlier ruler of this country was famous for brutally cutting off people's hands in this nation's colony of the Congo. Ruled by Albert I and Leopold II, FTP, name this nation with capital Brussels.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 246 ], [ 247, 362 ], [ 363, 484 ], [ 485, 563 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke 2013", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one of this economist's works, he notes that long term economics are all impractical because in the long term we are all dead, and in that same work, he posits an early form of the Quantity Theory of Money.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca905519894", "qanta_id": 76289, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this economist's works, he notes that long term economics are all impractical because in the long term we are all dead, and in that same work, he posits an early form of the Quantity Theory of Money. In addition to Tract on Monetary Reform, he later wrote a series of three articles on war finance entitled How To Pay For the War. One of this economist's books contains chapters such as \"The Conference\", \"The Treaty\", and \"Reparation\", and discusses the economic implications of the Treaty of Versailles. That work is The Economic Consequences of the Peace. Other effects associated with this economist are the liquidity trap and multiplier effect. His most famous work argued for a governmental budget deficit and a government sponsored program of full employment to combat economic recession. For ten points, identify this member of the Bloomsbury school, an economist who wrote General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 340 ], [ 341, 515 ], [ 516, 568 ], [ 569, 659 ], [ 660, 805 ], [ 806, 941 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Nadine {Gordimer}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one of this writer's short stories, Bamjee's wife has nine children and manages to be a political activist, while in another story, Miriam Saiyetovitz is the daughter of a Jewish general store owner.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "5476da9aea23cca9055198b4", "qanta_id": 76321, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this writer's short stories, Bamjee's wife has nine children and manages to be a political activist, while in another story, Miriam Saiyetovitz is the daughter of a Jewish general store owner. In addition to \"A Chip of Glass Ruby\" and \"The Defeated,\" this author wrote a novel in which the lives of Helen Shaw and Joel Aron are contrasted against Paul's. This author of A World of Strangers and The Lying Days also wrote a novel in which Mehring has to spend New Year's Eve alone on his farm, while Jacobus asks black workers to make a coffin. This author further wrote a novel about Rosa, whose father Lionel doesn't want her to leave South Africa, and one in which the title servant helps Maureen Smalless leave. For ten points, identify this author of The Conservationist, The Burger's Daughter, and July's People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 202 ], [ 203, 364 ], [ 365, 553 ], [ 554, 724 ], [ 725, 827 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Druze}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Part of this religion includes the denial of the tanzih, which can lead to shirk, and this religion draws an important distinction between zahir and batin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Druze", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca9055198d5", "qanta_id": 76354, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Part of this religion includes the denial of the tanzih, which can lead to shirk, and this religion draws an important distinction between zahir and batin. Bah\u0101' ad-D\u012bn as-Samuki closed this religion to outsiders in 1026, and this religion flourished in the southern Levant after a feudal ruler of this religion took over. The Juhhal of this religion are not permitted to learn the secret teachings, which the Uqqal may learn, and those teachings include the Anagoge, or light of God. This religion, which was revealed by Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad, uses a five colored star to represent its five ministers. For ten points, identify this off-shoot of Islam which is heavily influenced by Greek philosophy and Gnosticism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 322 ], [ 323, 484 ], [ 485, 604 ], [ 605, 717 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Antonio {Vivaldi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This composer's last published opus consisted of concerti musette, viela, recorder, flute, oboe or violin, and basso continuo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519900", "qanta_id": 76397, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's last published opus consisted of concerti musette, viela, recorder, flute, oboe or violin, and basso continuo. This composer of a notable Mandolin Concerto in C also wrote a set of violin concerti nicknamed The Extraordinary. This composer dedicated a work to Charles V, that work being his 12 violin concerti collected and nicknamed La Cetra. Four sacred works by this composer have recently been discovered in Dresden, while Fritz Kriesler improved this composer's popularity through his rediscovery. This composer's best known work is comprised of twelve movements, appeared in his set The Contest Between Harmony and Invention, and depicts actions like hunting with a horn and sitting by a fire with a plaintive violin. Nicknamed \"the Red Priest\", for ten points, identify this Baroque composer of the set of concerti grossi The Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 241 ], [ 242, 359 ], [ 360, 518 ], [ 519, 739 ], [ 740, 862 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{piezoelectric}ity (or the {piezoelectric} effect)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The Voigt tensor notation was invented to describe twenty systems exhibiting this phenomenon and in that notation, this phenomenon is described with a six-by-three matrix since this effect is conventionally the change induced in a rank-one tensor by a rank -two tensor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Piezoelectricity", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519906", "qanta_id": 76403, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Voigt tensor notation was invented to describe twenty systems exhibiting this phenomenon and in that notation, this phenomenon is described with a six-by-three matrix since this effect is conventionally the change induced in a rank-one tensor by a rank -two tensor. Systems exhibiting this behavior possess dipole domains, which can be polled by a capacitor. Perovskite ceramics notably possess this property, which results from reversible processes and thus has an inverse form known as electrostriction. For ten points, identify this property of materials, the production of a potential difference by mechanical stress.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 269 ], [ 270, 362 ], [ 363, 509 ], [ 510, 625 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Duino Elegies}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The eighth of these poems, which is dedicated to Rudolph Kassner, expresses the poet's believe in a \"nowhere without no\", which animals look toward and humans look away from.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Duino_Elegies", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519944", "qanta_id": 76465, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The eighth of these poems, which is dedicated to Rudolph Kassner, expresses the poet's believe in a \"nowhere without no\", which animals look toward and humans look away from. In the sixth of these, the poet advances his view htat a hero is one for whom life is always beginning. This poetry collection praises Gaspara Sampa, who is lifted up as an example of someone who died young. The fifth of these was inspired by a Picasso painting of acrobats. Another poem in this collection, the tenth, portray the City of Pain, which includes horrible things like \"Life-Death\". The first of these poems begins \"Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the angels' hierarchies?\" For ten points, identify this set of poems that utilize imagery of angels and which were written near a titular castle, the most famous work by Erich Maria Rilke.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 278 ], [ 279, 382 ], [ 383, 449 ], [ 450, 569 ], [ 570, 669 ], [ 670, 832 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Derek {Walcott}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This author wrotes about a journey to an all-night cafeteria from his hotel in Fayetteville in The Arkansas Testament, and in another, the speaker meets with an old friend in the New Jerusalem Bar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Derek_Walcott", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519958", "qanta_id": 76485, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrotes about a journey to an all-night cafeteria from his hotel in Fayetteville in The Arkansas Testament, and in another, the speaker meets with an old friend in the New Jerusalem Bar. In one of his poems, this author called a dog a \"black vowel barking,\" and in another he wrote about how his gift \"led to what? They provided/ no comfort like the French priests' or the Workers Hymn.\" One of his poems opens by noting that \"They stroll on Sundays down Dronningens Street\", and in a different poem, this poet notes that \"They were expendable as Jews\" and wonders how he can turn his back on a title place. Those poems are \"Tiepolo's Hound\" and \"A Far Cry from Africa.\" In his best known poem, the narrator addresses a figure who \"was the crunch of dry leaves, and the washes that echoed from a cave-mouth when the tide had ebbed. FTP, identify this author of \"Omeros,\" a poet from St. Lucia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 325 ], [ 326, 397 ], [ 397, 618 ], [ 619, 680 ], [ 680, 842 ], [ 843, 904 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Poseidon}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "With Libya, this god is the father of Belus, Agenor, and Lelex, while with Lybie, he is the father of Lamia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poseidon", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551998c", "qanta_id": 76537, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "With Libya, this god is the father of Belus, Agenor, and Lelex, while with Lybie, he is the father of Lamia. After he raped Caenaeus, he turned her into a man. He was associated with many cities, but is identify specifically as the deity of Corinth. Before the Trojan war, he sent a monster to attack Troy because of an unrewarded wall-building mission he was forced to take part in. His wife is Amphitrite, and he may be more famous for such children as Triton and Theseus. At birth, his mother Rhea fed a baby horse to Cronos to save him from being devoured. For ten points, identify this brother of Zeus and Hades, the Greek god of horses, earthquakes, and the sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 159 ], [ 160, 249 ], [ 250, 383 ], [ 384, 474 ], [ 475, 560 ], [ 561, 668 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "John {Adams}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer may be best known for operas, including one where the title character sings an aria quoted from John Donne and another where the title character is killed by Palestinian terrorists.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Adams", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519991", "qanta_id": 76542, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer may be best known for operas, including one where the title character sings an aria quoted from John Donne and another where the title character is killed by Palestinian terrorists. This composer explores the rhythm of the title in \"Lollapalooza\" and he features a woodblock prominently in \"Short Ride in a Fast Machine.\" \"Doctor Atomic\" and \"Death of Klinghoffer\" are performed less frequently than another of this composer's operas featuring two statesmen dancing a foxtrot with their first ladies. For ten points, identify this minimalist composer best known for his opera \"Nixon in China\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 335 ], [ 336, 514 ], [ 515, 607 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Johannes {Brahms}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He claimed to have seen Bizet's Carmen more than 20 times, and though he never wrote an opera himself, vocal works include his Opus 65 \"New Love Songs\" and a setting of a Schiller poem, \"Nanie\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Brahms", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca9055199a6", "qanta_id": 76563, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He claimed to have seen Bizet's Carmen more than 20 times, and though he never wrote an opera himself, vocal works include his Opus 65 \"New Love Songs\" and a setting of a Schiller poem, \"Nanie\". This composer also created many variations on the work of other known composers, such as Paganini, Haydn, and Handel. Vocalists also feature prominently in his longest work, a seven movement, surprisingly non-liturgical work called the \"German Requiem\". With 1876 Symphony No. 1 known as \"Beethoven's Tenth\", for ten points, identify this German composer best known for the \"Tragic Overture\" and a namesake Lullaby.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 312 ], [ 313, 450 ], [ 450, 611 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Soren Abaye {Kierkegaard}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man was interested in the difference between the love of neighbors and family and the love of all commanded by Christ, an idea he explored in Works of Love.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "S\u00f8ren_Kierkegaard", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca9055199ac", "qanta_id": 76569, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man was interested in the difference between the love of neighbors and family and the love of all commanded by Christ, an idea he explored in Works of Love. Some of this authors lesser known works include one in which he claimed to need to introduce Christianity back into Christendom, Training in Christianity. In one of his works, the title concept refers to the realization of the desire to end one's life without the capability, and another refers to the ultimate choice between ethics and aesthetics. He retold the Abraham and Isaac story in Fear and Trembling. For ten points, name this Danish philosopher, best known for The Sickness Unto Death and Either/Or.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 316 ], [ 317, 510 ], [ 511, 571 ], [ 572, 668 ], [ 668, 671 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Raft of the Medusa} (accept Le {Radeau de la M\u00e9duse}, also {Scene of Shipwreck})", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Near the upper right of this painting, two naked men are waving white clothes in the hopes of attracting attention, and at the center, three men are huddled in close conversation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Raft_of_the_Medusa", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca9055199ae", "qanta_id": 76571, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Near the upper right of this painting, two naked men are waving white clothes in the hopes of attracting attention, and at the center, three men are huddled in close conversation. This painting is notable for its artist's use of real corpses for models of the severed limbs present, such as the half- person in the lower left corner. A large wave looms on the left and someone waves a red cloth in the right background, next to the sail that is keeping the craft at the center of this painting moving. For ten points, name this painting of Theodore Gericault, which depicts a shipwreck off Senegal.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 333 ], [ 334, 501 ], [ 502, 598 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Agincourt}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Duke of Gloucester was notable for his heroism in this battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Agincourt", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca9055199c2", "qanta_id": 76591, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Duke of Gloucester was notable for his heroism in this battle. One side in this battle notably made a tactical mistake by choosing very small ground and thus forfeiting their considerable advantage of numbers, and it later proved to be more deadly as their heavily armored knights were fodder for lightly armed archers. Charles de l'Albert on the French side of this conflict was blamed for their tactical stupidity, and that side lost about 5,000 men. This battle came about after Henry V attempted to move his troops to Calais and was blocked by the French. For ten points, identify this decisive English victory over the French, a 1415 battle of the Hundred Years War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 323 ], [ 324, 456 ], [ 457, 563 ], [ 564, 675 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Finn MacCool} (actually spelled \u201cFionn Mac Cumhaill\u201d, so give them some leeway)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's second betrothed, Grainne, falls for one of his men, and runs away with her.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fionn_mac_Cumhaill", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca9055199d1", "qanta_id": 76606, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's second betrothed, Grainne, falls for one of his men, and runs away with her. He is the grandson of Tadg mac Nuadat, and his father kidnapped his mother, Muirne, which led to the Battle of Cnucha. He had two formerly human hounds, who recognized a formerly human deer, Sabdh, who became his wife. In childhood, this person's name was Deimne, and he gained his more famous nickname after his hmair turned prematurely white. He is the enemy of Goll MacMorna, who killed his father, and in one myth, he catches the Salmon of Knowledge for his teacher, Finnegas. For ten points, identify this father of Oisin, the hero of the Fenian cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 206 ], [ 207, 306 ], [ 307, 432 ], [ 433, 568 ], [ 569, 645 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Martin {Heidegger}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Some of the lesser known works written by this philosopher include The Principle of Ground and The Self-Assertion of the German University, and scholars agree that his inaugural address as head of Freiburg constituted an important Kehre.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Heidegger", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca9055199d3", "qanta_id": 76608, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some of the lesser known works written by this philosopher include The Principle of Ground and The Self-Assertion of the German University, and scholars agree that his inaugural address as head of Freiburg constituted an important Kehre. He often lectured on the necessity of the spirit of the Volk, and in one of his works, he argued that only through acknowledgement of existential angst can one achieve rapport with the Being. Another important work by this author is What Is Metaphysics?, and a third is Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics. For ten points, identify this Nazi charlatan and German philosopher, the author of Being and Time.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 237 ], [ 238, 429 ], [ 430, 544 ], [ 545, 643 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Wole {Soyinka}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's poem Ogun Abibiman connected the mythology of his homeland with the struggle for African liberation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wole_Soyinka", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca9055199d8", "qanta_id": 76613, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's poem Ogun Abibiman connected the mythology of his homeland with the struggle for African liberation. In one of his plays, Eman denies his need or ritual atonement, and in another, Adenebi, Roki, and Demoke retreat to the forest while waiting for the Gathering of the Tribes. Another of his plays is set in a rundown truck stop, and includes characters Kotonu, Samson, and Professor, while an even more well-known play, Elesin Oma is the title rider who is unable to complete his ritual suicide in order to aid the other character. For ten points, identify this playwright, best known for being Nigerian and writing Death and the King's Horseman and The Road.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 285 ], [ 286, 541 ], [ 542, 669 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{prime}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Implicants of this type are minimal in their number of literals when considering Boolean functions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prime_number", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519a14", "qanta_id": 76673, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Implicants of this type are minimal in their number of literals when considering Boolean functions. Finite fields can only have orders of this type. Elements of this type in rings divide some element in an arbitrary factorization and they are equivalent to irreducible elements in a unique factorization domain. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that a number may be written as a unique product of numbers of this type. The Sieve of Eratosthenes was an early method for finding these numbers. For 10 points, identify this adjective that, when applied to the natural numbers, describes a number with exactly two divisors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 148 ], [ 149, 311 ], [ 312, 430 ], [ 431, 503 ], [ 504, 631 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "John Ernst {Steinbeck}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Because some of this man's first novels, such as The Pastures of Heaven, did not sell well, this writer was forced to be a manual laborer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Steinbeck", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519a19", "qanta_id": 76678, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Because some of this man's first novels, such as The Pastures of Heaven, did not sell well, this writer was forced to be a manual laborer. After publishing his most famous novel, he spent time studying water life, and, with the help of Edward Ricketts, wrote Sea of Cortez. However, his fortune changed after works like In Dubious Battle and Tortilla Flat, allowing him to keep writing, an in one work, he depicted the sluttish Ruby and her death at the hands of George. Later in the 1940s, he published more well known works, such as The Pearl and Cannery Row. For ten points, name this author who often depicted manual laborers, in works such as Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 273 ], [ 274, 470 ], [ 471, 561 ], [ 562, 688 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Siddhartha}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel spends a significant amount of time listening to the voice of a river.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gautama_Buddha", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519a41", "qanta_id": 76718, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this novel spends a significant amount of time listening to the voice of a river. One character in this work teaches the protagonist the way to love and tells him that he will need many coins to be her friend, prompting him to spend time learning to make money from the merchant Kamiswami. She later dies from a snake bite. That character, Kamala, eventually bears the protagonist his son, who runs away and is never seen again. The start of this book sees its title character leave home with his friend Govinda to attempt to seek enlightenment on his own, which he finds with Vasudeva. For ten points, identify this book about an Indian man, a work by Hermann Hesse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 308 ], [ 309, 342 ], [ 343, 447 ], [ 448, 605 ], [ 606, 686 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{kidneys}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In humans, these structures have a number of pyramids that empty into a calyx.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kidney", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519a47", "qanta_id": 76724, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In humans, these structures have a number of pyramids that empty into a calyx. Within these, the proteins NHE3 and V-type H-ATPase are exposed to the lumen and excrete protons, while NBC1 and AE1 excrete bicarbonate ions. A disease that affects these organs, Liddle's Syndrome, is the result of a single mutant allele encoding the aldosterone-activated sodium channels and produces hypertention. A release of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland results in increased water re-absorption by these organs and an increase in urine concentration. FTP, identify these organs that produce erythropoietin and contain over one million nephrons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 221 ], [ 222, 395 ], [ 396, 549 ], [ 550, 643 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Ernest {Hemingway}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's short stories, a soldier works on a machine to heal his hand and insists that the narrator learn correct Italian as he recovers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ernest_Hemingway", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519a65", "qanta_id": 76754, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's short stories, a soldier works on a machine to heal his hand and insists that the narrator learn correct Italian as he recovers. In another, Krebs returns to his town after a war and encounters apathetic villagers. In addition to \"In Another Country\" and \"Soldier's Home\", this author wrote about the hunter Wilson in a story in which Margot may have killed her husband, the title character, who had a \"Short, Happy Life.\" In a better known story, the action opens with a writer, Harry, who's dying of gangrene in view of the title mountain, while in a longer work, Jake Barnes is unable to have sex with his wife due to a war injury. For ten points, identify this American writer, the author of The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, and The Old Man and the Sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 235 ], [ 236, 443 ], [ 444, 655 ], [ 656, 785 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Ivan {Turgenev}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's novels, the title character stays in Daria's house and recites quotes from Hegel, dramatically extending his stay.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_Turgenev", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519a68", "qanta_id": 76757, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's novels, the title character stays in Daria's house and recites quotes from Hegel, dramatically extending his stay. In another, Pavel and Andrei represent the French and the German, and both pursue the love of Elena. In addition to Rudin and On the Eve, this writer wrote The Torrent of Spring and Virgin Soil, as well as The Sportsman's Sketches. This author's best known work depicts the title medical student and his friend Arkadi stop at the latter's house. That protagonist, Bazarov, lets himself die from an infection at the end of the novel. For ten points, identify this Russian author, who may be best known for his novel Fathers and Sons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 236 ], [ 237, 367 ], [ 368, 481 ], [ 482, 568 ], [ 569, 668 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "the {Doppler}-Fizeau {effect} [or {Doppler shift}; prompt on {Doppler}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This phenomenon allows estimation of the temperature of a line spectrum emitter via its namesake broadening.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519a73", "qanta_id": 76768, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This phenomenon allows estimation of the temperature of a line spectrum emitter via its namesake broadening. Buys Ballot confirmed this effect in one medium, while Fizeau, a sometime namesake of this effect, measured it for light. The original derivation of the equation for this effect proceeds by considering the frame variation of distance between surfaces of constant phase; that equation dictates that this phenomenon is governed by the parameter c over c plus c, where c is the phase speed and v is the radial velocity of the source with respect to the observer. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in the classical version of which the frequency of a wave changes when its source is moving.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 230 ], [ 231, 568 ], [ 569, 697 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Ralph {Vaughan Williams}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's often performed fourth symphony's fourth movement is entitled Finale con epilogo fugato. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ralph_Vaughan_Williams", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b1d", "qanta_id": 76935, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's often performed fourth symphony's fourth movement is entitled Finale con epilogo fugato. This composer's 1914 work for orchestra and violin uses that solo instrument to represent the titular bird of a George Meredith poem. The first movement of his eighth symphony in D minor was entitled \"seven variations in search of a theme.\" He combined a swaying theme with a borrowed hymn in his Fantasia on a Theme by (*) Thomas Tallis, while he set poems from Whitman's Leaves of Grass to music in his Sea Symphony. For 10 points, name this British composer who borrowed material from his opera Sir John in Love for his song Greensleeves.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 106, 241 ], [ 241, 349 ], [ 349, 528 ], [ 528, 650 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "William {James}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher embraces ideas of Fechner and Bergson in one work and in another criticizes Spinoza's unity of all things and Hume's separateness--those works are A Pluralistic Universe and The Sentiment of Rationality. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_James", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b1f", "qanta_id": 76937, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher embraces ideas of Fechner and Bergson in one work and in another criticizes Spinoza's unity of all things and Hume's separateness--those works are A Pluralistic Universe and The Sentiment of Rationality. Walt Whitman is an example of a healthy person in a work which includes chapters like \"The Sick Soul\" and discusses the victory of Liberal Christianity over old hell-fire theology. This author of (*) The Varieties of Religious Experience defined the titular concept of his most famous work as the mediator between the tough and tender minded. For 10 points, name this thinker who wrote the textbook Principles of Psychology and drew from C.S. Pierce in his lecture series Pragmatism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 222 ], [ 222, 404 ], [ 404, 567 ], [ 567, 707 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Humbert {Humbert}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's early papers, \"The Proustian theme in a letter from Keats to Benjamin Bailey\" went largely unnoticed by critics, though his textbook on French literature was used at Beardsley College.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lolita", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b27", "qanta_id": 76945, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's early papers, \"The Proustian theme in a letter from Keats to Benjamin Bailey\" went largely unnoticed by critics, though his textbook on French literature was used at Beardsley College. During his first marriage he lived at 342 Lawn Street, and notably stayed in a hotel room of that number at the Enchanted Hunters with his young (*) stepdaughter. In his manuscript he notes that had he not loved a \"certain initial girl-child,\" Annabel Leigh, he would not have fallen for that stepdaughter or murdered the playwright Clare Quilty. FTP, name this man who is obsessed with the titular nymphet of Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 202 ], [ 203, 367 ], [ 367, 553 ], [ 553, 642 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Liver }", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Alpha fetoprotein and alpha-one globulin are often used to diagnose cancer in this organ. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b2c", "qanta_id": 76950, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Alpha fetoprotein and alpha-one globulin are often used to diagnose cancer in this organ. Kupffer cells are found in this organ, and other cells in this organ have an unusual level of polyploidy. Cholesterol is synthesized in this organ, as well albumin, clotting factors, and angiotensinogen. One pathway in the organ synthesizes pyruvic acid from lactic acid and is called the (*) Cori cycle. The portal vein enters this structure where it spreads into vascular channels called sinusoids, and this organ shares the billiary tree with the nearby gall bladder. Hepatocytes store glycogen in, for 10 points, this largest gland which filters alcohol from blood and secretes bile.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 91, 198 ], [ 198, 297 ], [ 297, 399 ], [ 399, 566 ], [ 566, 682 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Flannery {O'Connor}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story by this author, a boy lies about his name and drowns himself after being baptized, and in another story, three boys burn down Mrs. Cope's forest. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Flannery_O'Connor", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b38", "qanta_id": 76962, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story by this author, a boy lies about his name and drowns himself after being baptized, and in another story, three boys burn down Mrs. Cope's forest. In addition to The River and A Circle in the Fire, this author wrote a story in which Mr. Shiftlet marries a deaf girl, then leaves her in a diner and steals her car, and another in which a (*) bible salesman steals Hulga's artificial leg. In another story by this author, grandma recognizes the Misfit, who proceeds to kill her family. For 10 points, name this author of The Life You Save May Be Your Own, Good Country People and A Good Man is Hard to Find.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 160, 401 ], [ 401, 497 ], [ 498, 541 ], [ 542, 550 ], [ 551, 619 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Endoplasmic Reticulum [accept ER, accept {smooth} ER before ERAD]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In muscles, calcium is stored in this organelle, and in the adrenal cortex this organelle synthesizes steroids.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Endoplasmic_reticulum", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b40", "qanta_id": 76970, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In muscles, calcium is stored in this organelle, and in the adrenal cortex this organelle synthesizes steroids. ERAD is a process in which misfolded proteins are degraded in these structures, where they are usually folded with the help of chaperones. One type of this organelle forms transport vescicles to the (*) golgi apparatus and is prominant in hepatocytes, while the site of mRNA translation, ribosomes, occur in another. For 10 points, name this system of membrane enclosed tubes and sacs that synthesizes proteins and lipids and comes in smooth and rough varieties.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 252 ], [ 252, 431 ], [ 431, 576 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Ieoh Ming {Pei} (I M is acceptable for his first name of course)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One building by this man opened in 2008 and was a series of stacked geometrical figures at the edge of the a namesake gulf in Turkey.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I._M._Pei", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b44", "qanta_id": 76974, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One building by this man opened in 2008 and was a series of stacked geometrical figures at the edge of the a namesake gulf in Turkey. The tallest building in Cambridge, Massachusetts goes underground and connects to the MIT tunnel system. The Green Building and Museum of (*) Islamic Art at Doha, were built by this same architect who designed the building that appears to be a giant \"H\" connected to a Wedge by some windows, The East building of the National Gallery of Art. FTP, name this architect who designed glass pyramids for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Lourve.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 238 ], [ 239, 475 ], [ 476, 579 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Piotr Ilyitch {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Nicolas Rubenstein, the dedicatee of this man's first piano concerto in B minor, declared that piece unplayable. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b6a", "qanta_id": 77012, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Nicolas Rubenstein, the dedicatee of this man's first piano concerto in B minor, declared that piece unplayable. His first symphony, \"Winter Dreams,\" and his second, \"Little Russian,\" were composed at the Moscow Conservatory, while his operas Mazeppa and The Sorceress were composed under the patronage of Madame von Meck. One symphony by this composer was inspired by Byron's poem (*) Manfred, and his third in D major is nicknamed Polish. His most famous ouverture took themes from the folk song \"By The Gates\" and the Marseilleise. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Pathetique symphony, the 1812 Overture, and the ballet The Nutcracker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 114, 325 ], [ 325, 444 ], [ 444, 539 ], [ 539, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Det}erminant", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity represents the volume of an n-dimensional parallelpiped given n vectors, while a similarly named quantity can be found by evaluating the Alexander polynomial at minus one. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Determinant", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b78", "qanta_id": 77026, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity represents the volume of an n-dimensional parallelpiped given n vectors, while a similarly named quantity can be found by evaluating the Alexander polynomial at minus one. The infintesimal change in area is given by this operation applied to the Jacobean, and this quantity is equal to the product of the eigenvalues of a linear transformation. This value can be calculated by the levi-cevita permutation symbol or Laplace expansion. (*) Cramer's rule uses this operation to solve systems of linear equations, which is singular if it is equal to zero. For 10 points, name this scalar operation on a square matrix, which for two by two matrices is given by A D minus B C.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 187, 361 ], [ 361, 449 ], [ 450, 569 ], [ 569, 687 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Michelangelo Marisi da {Caravaggio}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In of this artists's works, a tax collector garbed in a Roman military uniform lies under a horse who appears to be ready to stomp on him during the titular event. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Caravaggio", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b89", "qanta_id": 77043, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In of this artists's works, a tax collector garbed in a Roman military uniform lies under a horse who appears to be ready to stomp on him during the titular event. In addition to Conversion on the Way to Damascus, this man also painted a blasphemous depiction of the Assumption of Mary where Mary's corpse is garbed in red and lies ungracefully in the midst of the mourning disciples, a work entitled (*) Death of the Virgin. FTP name this Italian Baroque painter who utilized tenebrism to emphasize the contemporaneous setting used in his painting of Jesus converting the titular tax collector, The Calling of St. Matthew.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 165, 428 ], [ 428, 625 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Echinodermata} or {echinoderm}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One class of this phylum can vomit its internal organs at potential predators, which it can then regrow.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Echinoderm", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b98", "qanta_id": 77058, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One class of this phylum can vomit its internal organs at potential predators, which it can then regrow. That class, Holothuroidea, has microscopic ossicles with a sponge-like structure called stereom characteristic of the phylum, and has five rows of tube feet running along its body, thus exhibiting the symmetry characteristic of this phylum. Along with the sea cucumbers, this phylum also contains the Echinoidia, or sea urchins, and the Asteroidea, or starfish. For 10 points, what is this deuterostome phylum characterized by fivefold radial symmetry, the closest relatives of the chordates?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 345 ], [ 346, 466 ], [ 467, 597 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Igor {Stravinsky}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote a \"Greeting Prelude\" after a happy birthday melody by C.F. Summy, while an \"Intrada,\" a \"song,\" a \"Wedding Dance,\" and a \"Cortege\" are the titular components of his Four Norwegian Moods.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Igor_Stravinsky", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519b9a", "qanta_id": 77060, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote a \"Greeting Prelude\" after a happy birthday melody by C.F. Summy, while an \"Intrada,\" a \"song,\" a \"Wedding Dance,\" and a \"Cortege\" are the titular components of his Four Norwegian Moods. Small vocal works include a set of songs about a tom-cat and a work in memory of Dylan Thomas, and he wrote a chamber concerto for an American estate, \"Dumbarton Oaks.\" Also known for an oratorio the opera The Rake's Progress and a \"Psalm Symphony,\" he is better-known for a work in which a peasant dances with a bear, Petrouchka. FTP name this Russian composer, remembered primarily for ballets such as The Firebird and The Rite of Spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 364 ], [ 365, 401 ], [ 402, 526 ], [ 527, 636 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Yukio {Mishima} [accept Kimitake {Hiraoka})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, the chief suggests that a boy ritually murder his stepfather when he decides to retire from sailing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yukio_Mishima", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519ba5", "qanta_id": 77071, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's novels, the chief suggests that a boy ritually murder his stepfather when he decides to retire from sailing. A restaurant owner's attraction to an elderly conservative politician clashes with the radical beliefs of her husband in his novel After the Banquet, while anxiety over a planned mutiny leads to the suicide of Reiko and Takeyama Shinji in \"Patriotism.\" In his first novel, the student Kochan realizes he cannot marry Sonoko after a prostitute fails to arouse him, while the stuttering Mizoguchi sets fire to the title structure in The Temple of the Golden Pavilion. Best known for a series including Spring Snow, this is, FTP, what author of The Sea of Fertility?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 385 ], [ 386, 598 ], [ 599, 696 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Thorstein Bunde {Veblen}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His articles for The Dial were collected in The Vested Interests and the Common Man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thorstein_Veblen", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519bab", "qanta_id": 77077, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His articles for The Dial were collected in The Vested Interests and the Common Man. The inefficiency of business institutions was the focus of his The Instinct of Workmanship, and he looked at the bright side of autocracy in Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution. He advocated technocracy in 1921's The Engineers and the Price System, claimed that war is caused by the competition among national business interests, and founded institutional economics. For 10 points, identify this American who formulated the concepts of \"pecuniary emulation\" and \"conspicuous consumption\" in The Theory of the Leisure Class.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 273 ], [ 274, 462 ], [ 463, 619 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Tartuffe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Unseen in this play are the gossipy \"neighbor Daphne and her little spouse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tartuffe", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519bc5", "qanta_id": 77103, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Unseen in this play are the gossipy \"neighbor Daphne and her little spouse.\" We also never see Argas, who left a casket of important papers with the head of the central family. The head of this play's central family!! hides under a table at his wife's insistence after that wife sees a ploy ruined by her hotheaded son-in-law Damis. The title character tears a fine handkerchief out of a copy of Pilgrim's Progress, calling it a \"horrid profanation,\" during a scene between the servant Dorine and Cl\u00e9ante. The title character finally exposes himself by trying to seduce Elmire, the wife of his host, Orgon. For 10 points, name this Moli\u00e8re play featuring the titular religious hypocrite.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 75, 176 ], [ 177, 217 ], [ 218, 332 ], [ 333, 505 ], [ 506, 606 ], [ 607, 687 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Alfred} the Great", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After he came to power, he sent Wulfstan of Haithabu to the Baltic and fought the battle of Wilton.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519bd4", "qanta_id": 77118, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After he came to power, he sent Wulfstan of Haithabu to the Baltic and fought the battle of Wilton. Made a Consul of Rome at the age of five by Pope Leo IV, this man forced Guthrum convert to Christianity and sign the Treaty of Wedmore after winning the Battle of Edington. He allegedly spied on his opponents by entering their camp as a minstrel, which allowed him to extend his lands all the way to Watling Street, deep into the Danelaw. He is credited with creating the shire system as well as standardizing English law. For 10 points, name this king of Wessex, called \"the Great.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 273 ], [ 274, 439 ], [ 440, 523 ], [ 524, 584 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Willa {Cather}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's novels follows the accompanist to the singer Clement Sebastian, while, in another two characters climb Blue Mesa and Godfrey St. Peter uses the Oxford prize to purchase a new house.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willa_Cather", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519be4", "qanta_id": 77134, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's novels follows the accompanist to the singer Clement Sebastian, while, in another two characters climb Blue Mesa and Godfrey St. Peter uses the Oxford prize to purchase a new house. In addition to Lucy Gayheart and The Professor's House, this writer described the maiming of a woodpecker by Ivy Peters near the home of Captain Forrester, a performance as Sieglinde in Die Walk\u00fcre by Thea Kronborg, Jim Burden's reuniting with a member of the Shimerda family, and the expulsion of Carl Lindstrom from Alexandra Bergson's house. For 10 points, name this author of A Lost Lady, The Song of the Lark, My Antonia, and O Pioneers!", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 202 ], [ 203, 547 ], [ 548, 645 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{All Quiet on the Western Front} or {Im Westen nichts Neues}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Minor characters in this work include the protagonist ex-teacher and amputee whose gift of boots eventually leads to the death of another character and the 40 year-old Stanislaus Katczinsky.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519c2e", "qanta_id": 77208, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Minor characters in this work include the protagonist ex-teacher and amputee whose gift of boots eventually leads to the death of another character and the 40 year-old Stanislaus Katczinsky. A game of cards is combined with putting a number of wooden portable latrines in a circle in this work, in which the protagonist and his friends also gang up and beat their ex-teacher Corporal Himmelstoss. The protagonist passes the time killing lice and roasting geese with older draftees like Tjaden and Detering, while younger colleagues include Kropp and Kemmerich. The stabbing of a French soldier eventually breaks down Paul Ba\u00fcmer in, FTP, what novel by Erich Maria Remarque?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 396 ], [ 397, 560 ], [ 561, 673 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Felix {Mendelssohn}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Operas by this man include The Uncle from Boston and The Marriage of Camacho, and most of the librettos for his operas are by Dr. Johann Ludwig Casper.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519c34", "qanta_id": 77214, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Operas by this man include The Uncle from Boston and The Marriage of Camacho, and most of the librettos for his operas are by Dr. Johann Ludwig Casper. His first royal commission was to create incidental music to the choruses from Sophocles' Antigone. He wrote overtures to The Pretty Melusine and Ruy Blas, while his Religious works include the oratorios Elijah and St. Paul. The second movement of his third symphony evokes folk music from the titular place, while a saltarello and a tarantella appear in the final movement of his Italian Symphony. FTP name this composer, also known for his Hebrides Overture and incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 251 ], [ 252, 376 ], [ 377, 550 ], [ 551, 662 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Photoelectric Effect}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Four remarkable aspects of it were noticed after its discovery: there was no time lag for the phenomenon; increasing the intensity of the source increased the number of reactions but not their maximum kinetic energy; red light was unable to cause it; and weak violet light resulted in higher energies than intense light with greater wavelengths.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Photoelectric_effect", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519c41", "qanta_id": 77227, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Four remarkable aspects of it were noticed after its discovery: there was no time lag for the phenomenon; increasing the intensity of the source increased the number of reactions but not their maximum kinetic energy; red light was unable to cause it; and weak violet light resulted in higher energies than intense light with greater wavelengths. Such results fit well with Plank's hypothesis of the particle nature of light, as almost every phenomenon involving light could be explained by waves. For 10 points, name this effect explained by Albert Einstein in a 1905 paper which won him the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 345 ], [ 346, 496 ], [ 497, 620 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Alcohol}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Because they possess pKa's ranging from 16-19, they can lose a hydrogen to form salts useful in ether synthesis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alcohol", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519c6f", "qanta_id": 77273, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Because they possess pKa's ranging from 16-19, they can lose a hydrogen to form salts useful in ether synthesis. Formation of one kind sometimes requires treatment with a tosylate or mesylate in order to force formation via a SN2 mechanism and avoid rearrangement. Common laboratory methods for synthesizing these include the reaction of ketones with lithium aluminum hydride or the reaction of organolithium reagents with water. Mixing these with carboxylic acids will produce fruity smelling esters. For 10 points, name this class of organic compounds, with functional group OH, whose simplest example is methanol.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 264 ], [ 265, 429 ], [ 430, 501 ], [ 502, 616 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Friedrich {Nietzsche}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He found resentment to be the heart of Christianity and distinguished two elements of human nature, which he called the Apollonian and the Dionysian.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519caa", "qanta_id": 77332, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He found resentment to be the heart of Christianity and distinguished two elements of human nature, which he called the Apollonian and the Dionysian. A one-time friend of Wagner his works include _The Case of Wagner_, and _The Gay Science_. FTP name this author of _The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music_, _Beyond Good and Evil_, and _Thus Spoke Zarathustra_.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 197 ], [ 197, 223 ], [ 223, 266 ], [ 266, 337 ], [ 338, 343 ], [ 343, 367 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Malthus}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "William Godwin blamed him for converting hundreds of liberals into reactionaries.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Robert_Malthus", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519cc8", "qanta_id": 77362, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "William Godwin blamed him for converting hundreds of liberals into reactionaries. He reluctantly advocated slavery, infanticide, and even smallpox, and condemned soup-kitchens and unemployment-relief, a philosophy that led Thomas Carlyle to dub economics 'the dismal science.' FTP, name this English clergyman, author of a 1798 _Essay on the Principle of Population_.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 276 ], [ 277, 367 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "{ketones}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "They are formed by synthesis with Grignard reagents; the action of carbon monoxide on sodium alkyls; or by oxidation of secondary alcohols.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ketone", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519cee", "qanta_id": 77400, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "They are formed by synthesis with Grignard reagents; the action of carbon monoxide on sodium alkyls; or by oxidation of secondary alcohols. They form additive compounds such as sodium hydrogen sulphite, and consist of two hydrocarbon radicals attached to a carbonyl group. FTP, name this class of compounds, the simplest of which is acetone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 272 ], [ 273, 341 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "{Fionn mac Cumhail} (or {Finn mac Cumhail} or {Finn MacCool})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As a child, he was raised in the forest by a poet. His first wife was Sedb, mother of his son Ossian.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fionn_mac_Cumhaill", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519cf2", "qanta_id": 77404, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As a child, he was raised in the forest by a poet. His first wife was Sedb, mother of his son Ossian. His second wife was Grainne, who betrays him with his kinsman Diarmuid. In service to the high king at Tara, he organizes a band of adventurers and leads them, using the great wisdom he gained from eating the salmon of knowledge. FTP, name this legendary Irish hero of the poems in the Fenian cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 173 ], [ 174, 331 ], [ 332, 401 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "The {Waste Land}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Hindu word 'shantih,' repeated three times, closes this poem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Waste_Land", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519d30", "qanta_id": 77466, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Hindu word 'shantih,' repeated three times, closes this poem. A curious end to a rather curious poem. Allusions to Sanskrit mythology as well as to characters from Greek myth such as Tiresias, abound. It is divided into five sections ; The Burial of the Dead, A Game Of Chess, The Fire Sermon, Death By Water, and What The Thunder Said. FTP identify this 1924 work of T.S. Eliot, which opens with the line 'April is the cruelest month.'", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 105 ], [ 106, 204 ], [ 205, 317 ], [ 318, 340 ], [ 341, 440 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Stephen {Crane}", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "While attending Lafayette College which he flunked out of after a semester, he turned down a contract offer from professional baseball team, then went to Syracuse, which he also flunked out of.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stephen_Crane", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519d40", "qanta_id": 77482, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While attending Lafayette College which he flunked out of after a semester, he turned down a contract offer from professional baseball team, then went to Syracuse, which he also flunked out of. After turning to a career in journalism, including the coverage of the Spanish-American War, he began to publish his works, including a collection known as the _Whilomville Stories_, the best known of which is 'The Monster.' For ten points name this American author who also wrote _War is Kind_, _The Open Boat_ and _Maggie_.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 418 ], [ 419, 482 ], [ 483, 489 ], [ 490, 491 ], [ 491, 519 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "David {Ricardo}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The last four years of his life were served in the British Parliament. .", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Ricardo", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519d41", "qanta_id": 77483, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The last four years of his life were served in the British Parliament. . He made a fortune in the stock market by his mid-20s, and would live off the proceeds while he wrote _The High Price of Bullion_ _and A Proof of the Depreciation of Bank Notes_. His labor theory of value stated that wages are determined by the price of food, and therefore labor determines valueFor ten points name this British economist who is best known for his _Principles of Political Economy and Taxation_.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 175 ], [ 175, 250 ], [ 251, 484 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Ambrose {Bierce}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His short stories are noted for their sardonic, biting tone and their aggressively negative characterization of the wealthy, including such works as the mock fable \"Ants and the Grasshopper.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ambrose_Bierce", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519d8d", "qanta_id": 77559, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His short stories are noted for their sardonic, biting tone and their aggressively negative characterization of the wealthy, including such works as the mock fable \"Ants and the Grasshopper.\" Perhaps his best-known short story focuses on the thoughts rushing through the mind of a condemned spy in the moment before his execution by hanging. FTP, identify this author of \"An Occurrance at Owl Creek Bridge.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 190, 191 ], [ 192, 341 ], [ 342, 407 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Joseph {Haydn}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "When he was 17, he cut off another boy's pigtail, and was dismissed from the choir school of St. Stephen's cathedral in Vienna.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519da1", "qanta_id": 77579, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When he was 17, he cut off another boy's pigtail, and was dismissed from the choir school of St. Stephen's cathedral in Vienna. He found a sponsor in Count Morzin, for whom he composed his first symphony and \"La Chasse\" string quartet. FTP, who was this classical composer better known for works he composed for the Esterhazy family, including the Cecilia mass, Hornsignal symphony, The Creation oratorio, and the Farewell symphony?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 235 ], [ 236, 432 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Albert {Camus}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Known primarily as a liberal humanist, this author was born only a year before his father was killed in World War I.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Camus", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519da9", "qanta_id": 77587, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Known primarily as a liberal humanist, this author was born only a year before his father was killed in World War I. He contributed to the theater by adapting Dostoyevsky's _Possessed_ and Faulkner's _Requiem for a Nun_ to the stage, although his plays never achieved the fame of his novels. Name this Algerian-born author whose most important works include _The Fall_, _The Plague_, and _The Stranger_.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 291 ], [ 292, 322 ], [ 323, 359 ], [ 359, 362 ], [ 363, 369 ], [ 370, 371 ], [ 371, 389 ], [ 389, 403 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Michael {Faraday}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The son of a blacksmith, he was born in 1791 in Surry, England.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michael_Faraday", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519db6", "qanta_id": 77600, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The son of a blacksmith, he was born in 1791 in Surry, England. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a London bookbinder, but he was able to receive some education in science from the City Philosophical Society. In 1812 he sent a copy of his notes to Humphry Davy, who was so impressed that he made him his permanent assistant at the Royal Institution. The constant named after his is the quantity of charge required to deliver a standard amount of substance in electrolysis. He introduced the concept of field forces and showed that a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current in a circuit. FTP identify this pioneer in the science of physics, after whom the SI unit of capacitance was named.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 213 ], [ 214, 354 ], [ 355, 477 ], [ 478, 606 ], [ 607, 708 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Regionals", "year": 1997 }, { "answer": "Arnold {Schoenberg}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work by this composer tells the story of King Waldemar, who gives the titular castle to Tove, whose murder is detailed in the \"Song of the Wood Dove.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnold_Schoenberg", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519ddf", "qanta_id": 77641, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this composer tells the story of King Waldemar, who gives the titular castle to Tove, whose murder is detailed in the \"Song of the Wood Dove.\" In addition to the cantata Gurre-Lieder, he composed a work that makes use of the Sprechstimme technique, and begins with the movement \"Mondestrunken.\" In addition to composing the opera Moses and Aaron, the string sextet Transfigured Night and the song cycle Pierrot Lunaire, this man taught Anton von Webern and Alban Berg. FTP name this Austrian composer who developed the twelve-tone technique of composition.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 306 ], [ 307, 480 ], [ 481, 568 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{San Francisco}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A futuristic version of this American city was the home of Rick Deckard in Philip K. Dick's novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "San_Francisco", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519de7", "qanta_id": 77649, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A futuristic version of this American city was the home of Rick Deckard in Philip K. Dick's novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep. Dave Eggers moves himself and two siblings from Illinois to this city in his somewhat exaggerated memoir, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius. This city's namesake \"Renaissance\" included the poets Lew Welch and Philip Whalen, with author/teacher Kenneth Rexroth at the forefront. Those poets were joined by Gary Snyder at the famous 1956 reading at the Six Gallery in this city, at which Allan Ginsberg's \"Howl\" was first read. Also the setting of The Maltese Falcon and Lawrence Ferlinghetti's City Lights bookstore is, FTP, what California city featured in Randy Shilts's The Mayor of Castro Street, a biography of Harvey Milk, and Vikram Seth's The Golden Gate?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 283 ], [ 284, 420 ], [ 421, 568 ], [ 569, 805 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Walt {Whitman}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man used the word \"amative\" to describe the love of man for woman and the word \"adhesive\" to describe the love of man for man; the former type dominates his cycle of poems called \"Children of Adam,\" while the latter dominates his \"Calamus\" cycle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walt_Whitman", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519e1b", "qanta_id": 77701, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man used the word \"amative\" to describe the love of man for woman and the word \"adhesive\" to describe the love of man for man; the former type dominates his cycle of poems called \"Children of Adam,\" while the latter dominates his \"Calamus\" cycle. He describes becoming \"tired and sick\" during the title time and later looking up \"in perfect silence at the stars\" in his \"When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer,\" while in another poem he describes the \"Flood-tide below me!\" in \"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry.\" FTP name this American author who included these works, as well as the massive \"Song of Myself,\" in his ever-growing collection Leaves of Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 251 ], [ 252, 475 ], [ 476, 504 ], [ 504, 650 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{diffraction}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Light beams interacting with acoustic waves in quartz results in the Schaefer-Bergmann type of this phenomenon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffraction", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519e26", "qanta_id": 77712, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Light beams interacting with acoustic waves in quartz results in the Schaefer-Bergmann type of this phenomenon. The fields resulting from this phenomenon for two arrangements with the same geometry are complementary according to Babinet's principle. Plane wave fronts produce patterns named for the Fraunhofer type of this phenomenon, and concentric circles are the patterns produced by the Fresnel type of it. This phenomenon leads to a formula for the limitation in angular resolution known as the Rayleigh criterion, and it can also create Airy disks. Conditions that produce this phenomenon are governed by Bragg's Law, and in Young's double-slit experiment, it caused each slit to act as a line source. For 10 points, name this bending of waves around the edge of an obstacle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 249 ], [ 250, 410 ], [ 411, 554 ], [ 555, 707 ], [ 708, 781 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Demeter} (do NOT accept or prompt on \u201cCeres\u201d)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This Olympian goddess was the mother of the super-fast horse Arion, whom she bore after being raped by Poseidon in horse form.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Demeter", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519e36", "qanta_id": 77728, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This Olympian goddess was the mother of the super-fast horse Arion, whom she bore after being raped by Poseidon in horse form. While on a search, she was hospitably received by the king Celeus, whose son Triptolemus she trained in the skill she represented as goddess. At Tantalus's banquet, she accidentally ate the shoulder of Pelops, whom she later brought back to life. The most famous story involving her is the likely basis of the Eleusinian Mysteries. FTP who is this Greek deity whose daughter Persephone was taken from her by Hades, the goddess of agriculture?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 268 ], [ 269, 373 ], [ 374, 458 ], [ 459, 569 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{liver}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The hydroxylation of DHEA-sulfate occurs in this organ, which is the location of Councilman bodies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519e58", "qanta_id": 77762, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The hydroxylation of DHEA-sulfate occurs in this organ, which is the location of Councilman bodies. This organ is covered by Glisson's capsule, and during the Cori cycle, lactate travels to it. A toxic accumulation of copper in this organ characterizes Wilson's disease, and it is home to the phagocytic Kupffer cells. Connected to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm by the falciform ligament, this organ is the primary site of gluconeogenesis. The portal vein carries blood to this organ, which produces urea and secretes bile. FTP name this organ that is prone to hepatitis and cirrhosis in alcoholics such as Chris Borglum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 193 ], [ 194, 318 ], [ 319, 451 ], [ 452, 535 ], [ 536, 633 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{magnetic field}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This quantity is multiplied by the Verdet constant to calculate specific rotation, and this quantity perpendicular to the direction of propagation makes the medium birefringent in the Voigt effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Magnetic_field", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519e7c", "qanta_id": 77798, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity is multiplied by the Verdet constant to calculate specific rotation, and this quantity perpendicular to the direction of propagation makes the medium birefringent in the Voigt effect. Small values of this quantity are measured by SQUIDs, and below the critical temperature, it is zero inside superconductors. Ampere's Law relates the tangential component of it integrated around a closed curve, and according to Gauss's Law, the net flux of it through any closed surface is zero. FTP name this field that is caused by a moving point charge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 322 ], [ 323, 493 ], [ 494, 554 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Eugene {O\u2019Neill}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The characters of Captain Keeney and Smitty both appear in this man's works Ile and The Moon of the Caribees.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519e7d", "qanta_id": 77799, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The characters of Captain Keeney and Smitty both appear in this man's works Ile and The Moon of the Caribees. Driscoll's climactic, agonizing death is incommensurable with the routine of shipping life in this author's Bound East for Cardiff. The character Con Melody is a braggart in this man's More Stately Mansions and its predecessor, A Touch of the Poet, while the stoker Yank despairingly dies in the rough embrace of a gorilla in this man's The Hairy Ape. Perhaps better known for his work about Hickey's attempts to shatter the dreams of the drinkers of Harry Hope's saloon, FTP name this author of The Iceman Cometh and Long Day's Journey into Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 241 ], [ 242, 461 ], [ 462, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{time} [accept {Duration} until \u201cUnreality of\u201d is spoken]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In The Creative Mind, one theorizer of this concept proposed three metaphors to describe this concept: an image of a spectrum of a thousand gradually changing shades with a line running through it, two spools, one rolling and the other unrolling, and an infinitely small piece of elastic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Time", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519ea1", "qanta_id": 77835, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In The Creative Mind, one theorizer of this concept proposed three metaphors to describe this concept: an image of a spectrum of a thousand gradually changing shades with a line running through it, two spools, one rolling and the other unrolling, and an infinitely small piece of elastic. In addition Bergson's theory of this concept, another theory uses the example of the death of Queen Anne in an essay titled \"The Unreality of [this concept],\" written by J.M.E. McTaggart. Another work by Bergson pairs this concept with Free Will in the title of a work, and this concept is perhaps thought to be the horizon of being for another thinker. FTP name this concept which is now unified with space and can be measured by a clock.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 288 ], [ 289, 476 ], [ 477, 642 ], [ 643, 728 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ralph {Vaughn Williams}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer's fifth symphony was inspired by Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, while his fourth, in F minor, shows the influence of Jean Sibelius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ralph_Vaughan_Williams", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519ea2", "qanta_id": 77836, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's fifth symphony was inspired by Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, while his fourth, in F minor, shows the influence of Jean Sibelius. His seventh symphony is derived from music he'd been writing for a film about the explorer Robert Scott and is known as the Sinfonia Antarctica. Better known is his first symphony, incorporating text from Walt Whitman and titled A Sea Symphony and his third, A London Symphony. FTP name this 20th-century British composer who also wrote fantasias on Thomas Tallis and \"Greensleeves.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 288 ], [ 289, 421 ], [ 422, 527 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Spanish-American} War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Most non-battle-related casualties from this war stemmed from an outbreak of yellow fever and Russell Alger's decision to supply troops with spoiled meat, leading to the \"Embalmed Beef\" scandal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spanish\u2013American_War", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519eb4", "qanta_id": 77854, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Most non-battle-related casualties from this war stemmed from an outbreak of yellow fever and Russell Alger's decision to supply troops with spoiled meat, leading to the \"Embalmed Beef\" scandal. One front of this war was commanded by William Shafter, who ordered the attack on El Caney, while a far- away front was commanded by George Dewey. Its best-known land battle saw cavalry led by Leonard Wood charge up Kettle Hill. FTP name this 1898 conflict which included the American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay and was triggered by the explosion of the USS Maine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 341 ], [ 342, 423 ], [ 424, 568 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Paul {C\u00e9zanne}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This person objected to a portrayal of him as Claude Lantier in the novel L'Ouevre, which caused him to break with Zola.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paul_C\u00e9zanne", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519eca", "qanta_id": 77876, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This person objected to a portrayal of him as Claude Lantier in the novel L'Ouevre, which caused him to break with Zola. Early works like 1867's The Abduction focus on haunting themes, but he soon took up Romanticism, as evidenced by Young Girl at the Piano - Overture to Tannh\u00e4user. This artist turned to Impressionism in the 1870's with a series of views of his home at Jas de Bouffan. His later paintings were so deliberate that Still Life with Apples and Still Life with Plate of Cherries that depict waxed fruit. For ten points, identify this French Post-Impressionist painter best known for a series of views of Mont St. Victoire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 283 ], [ 284, 387 ], [ 388, 517 ], [ 518, 636 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{ether}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A cyclical five-carbon member of this class of compounds is called tetrahydropyran, which can be used as a protecting group.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519ecc", "qanta_id": 77878, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A cyclical five-carbon member of this class of compounds is called tetrahydropyran, which can be used as a protecting group. Aryl versions of this functional group can be made in the Ullmann condensation, while cyclic ones can result from the oxidation of an alkene with a peroxyacid. Asymmetric ones are often formed by a reaction that uses a strong base to deprotonate an alcohol, which can then serve as a nucleophile in an SN2 reaction; that reaction is called the Williamson synthesis of these. For ten points, identify this functional group in which an oxygen is singly bonded to two different carbon atoms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 284 ], [ 285, 499 ], [ 500, 613 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Romeo and Juliet}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "G\u00e9rard Presgurvic wrote a musical about this story \"de la Haine \u00e0 l'Amour\" in 2001, and Vaccai and Bellini wrote rival operas based on Italian sources for this story.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romeo_and_Juliet", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519ed3", "qanta_id": 77885, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "G\u00e9rard Presgurvic wrote a musical about this story \"de la Haine \u00e0 l'Amour\" in 2001, and Vaccai and Bellini wrote rival operas based on Italian sources for this story. Hector Berlioz wrote a symphony about it that finds the title character alone at a party in the second movement and uses the its description of dreamers for the \"Queen Mab Scherzo.\" Charles Gounod wrote an opera based on this play, while Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky composed a \"Fantasy Overture\" about it. For ten points, identify this play that more famously inspired a ballet by Sergei Prokofiev and the Leonard Bernstein's musical West Side Story.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 348 ], [ 349, 469 ], [ 470, 614 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Shiloh} (accept \u201cPittsburg Landing\u201d before it\u2019s read)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The attacking forces in this battle planned to drive the Federal Army to Owl Creek, a setting which may have inspired a title of noted combatant Ambrose Bierce, who also wrote a first-hand account entitled \"What I saw of\" this place.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Shiloh", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519ede", "qanta_id": 77896, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The attacking forces in this battle planned to drive the Federal Army to Owl Creek, a setting which may have inspired a title of noted combatant Ambrose Bierce, who also wrote a first-hand account entitled \"What I saw of\" this place. Fearing reinforcements led by Don Carlos Buell, the Confederate commander ordered a preemptive attack on Grant's forces, recently victorious at Forts Henry and Donelson. This attack resulted in a two-day battle near the Sunken Road that saw its heaviest action in the \"Hornet's nest\" and the death of A.S. Johnston in the defense of Pittsburg Landing. For ten points, name this April 6-7, 1862 Union victory fought in southwestern Tennessee.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 233 ], [ 234, 403 ], [ 404, 585 ], [ 586, 675 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Harold {Pinter}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist adapted The Last Tycoon and The French Lieutenant's Woman to his preferred medium in 1976 and 1981, respectively.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Harold_Pinter", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519ef6", "qanta_id": 77920, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist adapted The Last Tycoon and The French Lieutenant's Woman to his preferred medium in 1976 and 1981, respectively. This writer's works for radio include A Slight Ache, but his reputation was made by The Caretaker. One of his works finds Meg planning a certain event for Stanley while, in another, Ben is ordered to kill Gus in directions received via a titular device. For ten points, name this author of The Birthday Party and The Dumbwaiter; a British playwright who won the 2005 Literature Nobel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 224 ], [ 225, 379 ], [ 380, 510 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{electronegativity }", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One version of this scales with the atomic number over the square of the covalent radius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electronegativity", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519efd", "qanta_id": 77927, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One version of this scales with the atomic number over the square of the covalent radius. The value of this property for the central atom of an oxyacid is directly positively correlated with acid strength, and the atom with the lowest value for this property will likely be central in a simple molecule. Another type is the mean of the first ionization energy and electron affinity and is known as the Mulliken version. The differences in it among members of a compound dictates the polarity of the bond between then. For ten points, name this property which is highest for fluorine and is most commonly measured by the Pauling scale.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 303 ], [ 304, 419 ], [ 420, 517 ], [ 518, 634 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Diels-Alder} reaction (prompt on \u201cdiene reaction\u201d or \u201ccycloaddition\u201d)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An aza modification of this reaction can create tetrahydropyridine from imines.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diels\u2013Alder_reaction", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519f11", "qanta_id": 77947, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An aza modification of this reaction can create tetrahydropyridine from imines. Stereospecific in both reactants, this reaction is favored by withdrawing groups on the electrophile, which was ethylene in the original version. Often using an alkene of alkyne as its dienophile, this reaction is a form of four-plus-two cycloaddition. For ten points, name this organic reaction that reacts a conjugated diene and dienophile, may be used to create cycloalkane rings, and is named for two German chemists.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 225 ], [ 226, 332 ], [ 333, 501 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "La {Traviata} (accept The {Fallen Woman} before it\u2019s mentioned)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Minor characters in this work include Flora Bervoix, the Marchese d'Obigny, and the Commissionario.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "La_traviata", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519f19", "qanta_id": 77955, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Minor characters in this work include Flora Bervoix, the Marchese d'Obigny, and the Commissionario. The libretto for it was adapted from Dumas' \"The Lady of the Camellias.\" Arias in this opera include \"Di Madride noi siam mattadori,\" sung by Gastone and the bullfighters, and one beginning Act III shared by the soprano Annina and the opera's main character, a courtesan. Giorgio and Alfredo Germont pursue the titular \"fallen woman,\" Violetta Valery. For ten points, identify this opera by Giussepe Verdi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 172 ], [ 173, 371 ], [ 372, 451 ], [ 452, 506 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "the {Han} Dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A contemporary account of this period is given in the Shih-chi of Ssu-ma Ch'ien.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Han_dynasty", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519f1a", "qanta_id": 77956, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A contemporary account of this period is given in the Shih-chi of Ssu-ma Ch'ien. It is notable for the creation of the fu form and saw the introduction of Buddhism. Founded when Liu Pang overthrew Hsiang Y\u00fc, this dynasty was briefly interrupted by the Hsin when the rule of the child Emperor Ruzi was overthrown by Wang Mang. It is noted for Western and Eastern periods when the capitals were Ch'ang-an and Lo-yang, respectively. For ten points, name this Chinese dynasty lasting from 206 BCE to 220 CE.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 164 ], [ 165, 325 ], [ 326, 429 ], [ 430, 503 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "the {thyroid} gland", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The chemicals produced by this structute's parafollicular or c cells is stored in this organ's namesake \u2013globulin, created by its follicles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thyroid", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519f54", "qanta_id": 78014, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The chemicals produced by this structute's parafollicular or c cells is stored in this organ's namesake \u2013globulin, created by its follicles. This organ is affected by Grave's disease and Hashimoto's syndrome, which can affect calcitonin production, but its diseases can sometimes be treated by injections of iodine-131, since this organ concentrates iodine, the lack of which causes a goiter. For ten points, and this endocrine gland located on the throat that produced thyroxine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 392 ], [ 393, 480 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "George {Berkeley}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An attack on the 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury is found in his Alciphron, which was written during his time in Rhode Island.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Berkeley", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519f75", "qanta_id": 78047, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An attack on the 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury is found in his Alciphron, which was written during his time in Rhode Island. He also attacked the principles of calculus in a book entitled The Analyst. In 1713, this idealist wrote that material objects do not exist and that the universe is composed of minds and spirits. For ten points, name this Irish philosopher and adversary of Locke who believed \"to be is to be perceived\" and wrote Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 194 ], [ 195, 314 ], [ 315, 476 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{echinoderm}ata", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A possible phylogenetic relationship between members of this taxon is given by the Cryptosringid hypothesis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Echinoderm", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519f80", "qanta_id": 78058, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A possible phylogenetic relationship between members of this taxon is given by the Cryptosringid hypothesis. A member of this phylum, Ophiocoma wendtii, is unique in that it is covered with ommatidia. Unlike most members of this phylum, ophiuroids lack an ampulla, a fleshy bulb used in movement. All members of this phylum have a filtering device known as a madreporite and tube feet, which are connected to form the water vascular system. For ten points, name this phylum of radial marine animals that includes sand dollars and starfish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 200 ], [ 201, 296 ], [ 297, 440 ], [ 441, 539 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Wallace {Stevens}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author's critical works include \"Esth\u00e9tique du Mal\" and The Necessary Angel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wallace_Stevens", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519f89", "qanta_id": 78067, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author's critical works include \"Esth\u00e9tique du Mal\" and The Necessary Angel. 1937 saw this writer's Picasso-inspired The Man with the Blue Guitar. Fond of calling his oeuvre the \"whole of\" his first book, Harmonium, this poet outlined the tenets of writing as art in \"Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction.\" For ten points, name this American poet of \"Le Monocle de Mon Oncle,\" \"Sunday Morning,\" and \"The Emperor of Ice-Cream\" who spent much of his time selling insurance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 151 ], [ 152, 305 ], [ 306, 470 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{S\u00fcleiman I}, the Magnificent, of the Ottoman Empire (accept {S\u00fcleyman} the {Magnificent} or {S\u00fcleyman} the {Lawgiver} or {S\u00fcleyman Muhtesem} or S\u00fcleyman {Kanuni}; prompt on \u201cS\u00fcleyman\u201d)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This person's father subdued the Kizilbash and defeated Ismail I at the battle of Chaldiran.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Suleiman_the_Magnificent", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519f9c", "qanta_id": 78086, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This person's father subdued the Kizilbash and defeated Ismail I at the battle of Chaldiran. This man himself was thwarted as G\u00fcns in a conflict that resulted from intrigues on behalf of J\u00e1nos Z\u00e1polya. The employer of Khayr ad- Din, this ruler's forces slew Louis II at perhaps his most important victory, Mohacs. For ten points, name this son of Selim the Grim, an Ottoman Sultan known for both military and cultural brilliance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 201 ], [ 202, 313 ], [ 314, 429 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Gustav {Mahler} (do NOT prompt on \u201cGOO-stayve Mole-YAY\u201d)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His fourth symphony, often nicknamed \"Ode to Heavenly Joy\", uses a Wunderhorn song for soprano, while his third is unnamed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustav_Mahler", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519fb4", "qanta_id": 78110, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His fourth symphony, often nicknamed \"Ode to Heavenly Joy\", uses a Wunderhorn song for soprano, while his third is unnamed. His ninth and tenth symphonies are unfinished, while his second uses a certain Klopstock ode. His first symphony in D major is known as the \"Titan\", while his sixth is known as the \"Tragic\". For ten points, name this Austrian composer whose eighth symphony requires eight soloists, a double choir, and orchestra, and is thus known as the \"Symphony of a Thousand\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 217 ], [ 218, 314 ], [ 315, 487 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{C\u00fa Chulainn} (accept {Setanta})", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He spared A\u00edfe on the requirement that she bear him a son and stop fighting his teacher Sc\u00e1thach.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "C\u00fa_Chulainn", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519fd2", "qanta_id": 78140, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He spared A\u00edfe on the requirement that she bear him a son and stop fighting his teacher Sc\u00e1thach. He was immune to the curse of Macha and had seven toes, fingers, and eyes. He met his end, however when he fell under the illusion of battle by six sorcerers sent by Maeve, the queen of Connacht. This animosity grew out of his opposition to Maeve during the Cattle Raid of Cooley. For ten points, identify this hero of the Ulster Cycle, wielder of the spear Gae Bolg whose name comes from his killing of a smith's dog.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 172 ], [ 173, 293 ], [ 294, 378 ], [ 379, 516 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Perseus}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This person is the protector against the king of Seriphus for his mother, who has been banished from the realm of his grandfather, Acrisius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519fdf", "qanta_id": 78153, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This person is the protector against the king of Seriphus for his mother, who has been banished from the realm of his grandfather, Acrisius. He had to bargain with Cepheus to wed his beloved, since she was destined to be sacrificed to a sea monster. He utilized the spoil of his best-known exploit to defeat Phineas; that exploit began as a fool's errand for Acrisius. For ten points, name this hero who enlisted the aid of the Graeae to slay the mortal Gorgon, Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 177 ], [ 177, 249 ], [ 250, 368 ], [ 369, 469 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Le Corbusier} (or Charles-\u00c9douard {Jeanneret})", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this architect's early focuses was developing homes commissioned individually, such as those of Raoul La Roche and Michael Stein.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Le_Corbusier", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca905519fe1", "qanta_id": 78155, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this architect's early focuses was developing homes commissioned individually, such as those of Raoul La Roche and Michael Stein. He published a work that applied mathematical proportions in the human body to architecture to create a scale of proportions that defined his late architecture, Le Modulor. His workers' community, Pessac, was shunned because it did not respect the local architecture of Bordeaux, but nonetheless he was selected in 1951 to develop the Indian city of Chandigarh. For ten points, name this French architect and proponent of the international style, who promoted his five points of modern architecture in his Villa Savoye.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 309 ], [ 310, 498 ], [ 499, 656 ] ], "tournament": "Matt Cvijanovich Memorial Novice Tournament", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "\u201c{To His Coy Mistress}\u201d", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Critics often compare the last stanza of Abraham Cowley's poem \"My Diet\" to the imagery involving exponentially longer amounts of time at the end of this poem's first stanza.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "To_His_Coy_Mistress", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a156", "qanta_id": 78199, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Critics often compare the last stanza of Abraham Cowley's poem \"My Diet\" to the imagery involving exponentially longer amounts of time at the end of this poem's first stanza. In the third stanza, the speaker uses the metaphor of birds of prey that devour time, which contrast with the \"Deserts of vast eternity\" that turn \"into ashes\" the speaker's lust. The speaker warns the title figure that worms will destroy her \"long preserv'd virginity,\" and that although he would love her until \"the conversion of the Jews,\" he hears \"Time's winged chariot hurrying near.\" Beginning by asking \"Had we but world enough, and time,\" FTP, name this carpe diem poem written by Andrew Marvell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 354 ], [ 355, 565 ], [ 566, 680 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Lit", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{War and Peace} [or {Voyna i mir}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Wayne Booth's The Rhetoric of Fiction claims that, while the symbolism of The Grapes of Wrath seems stilted with time, this work's commentary grows more compelling, and The Hedgehog and the Fox uses passages from this novel to analyze its author's \"view of history.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_and_Peace", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a170", "qanta_id": 78225, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Wayne Booth's The Rhetoric of Fiction claims that, while the symbolism of The Grapes of Wrath seems stilted with time, this work's commentary grows more compelling, and The Hedgehog and the Fox uses passages from this novel to analyze its author's \"view of history.\" In one of its sections, historians throw stones at Alexander before noting \"If we admit that human life can be ruled by reason, the possibility of life is destroyed.\" The protagonist duels with Dolokhov over Elena Kuragin, and joins a foreign army to assassinate its leader, who his Freemason numerology proves is the Anti-Christ, but must be rescued by Kutusov's Cossack forces. Ending with the happy marriages of Nikolai with Prince Andrei's sister Maria and Natasha Rostov with Pierre Bezukhov, FTP, name this epic novel about Napoleon's invasion of Russia, by Leo Tolstoy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 265 ], [ 265, 433 ], [ 434, 646 ], [ 647, 843 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Lit", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Canada}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote about Ken Trilling's journey out of the slum Cabbagetown, and another wrote about a suicidal patient of Carl Jung in Pilgrim.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Canada", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a1af", "qanta_id": 78288, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author from this country wrote about Ken Trilling's journey out of the slum Cabbagetown, and another wrote about a suicidal patient of Carl Jung in Pilgrim. In addition to Hugh Garner and Timothy Findlay, another author from this country wrote about Jerry Dingleman, the Boy Wonder in a comic novel about the director of \"Happy Bar Mitzvah, Bernie!\", The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz. This country is also home to the author of the Deptford and Salterton trilogies, and Raven Quicksill escapes to this country in an Ishmael Reed novel about the \"flight to\" it. FTP, name this country, the home of authors Mordecai Richler, Robertson Davies, and Margaret Atwood.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 353 ], [ 353, 391 ], [ 392, 567 ], [ 568, 668 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Lit", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "The {Bridge}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one section of this work, \"Light drowned the lithic trillions of [the] spawn\" of the title figure, and \"blue-eyed Mary with the claret scarf\" is asked to shine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bridge", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a1ee", "qanta_id": 78351, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one section of this work, \"Light drowned the lithic trillions of [the] spawn\" of the title figure, and \"blue-eyed Mary with the claret scarf\" is asked to shine. Those passages are found in \"Southern Cross\" and \"Virginia,\" both of which are part of the section \"Three Songs.\" Its longest section begins \"imponderable the dinosaur / sinks slow,\" and in yet another section, the narrator talks to Luis de San Angel and Juan Perez about Genoa. Along with \"Cape Hatteras\" and \"Ave Maria,\" its sections include \"Powhatan's Daughter\" and \"Cutty Sark.\" Opening with a \"proem\" about a work of John Augustus Roebling, FTP, name this modernist poetic sequence by Hart Crane.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 276 ], [ 276, 442 ], [ 443, 546 ], [ 546, 666 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Lit", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "Colonel {Aureliano} Buendia [accept {Colonel Buendia}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He notes, \"A person does not die when he should but when he can,\" and dies peeing on a tree after having survived seventy-three ambushes, fourteen assassination attempts, and a firing squad.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a221", "qanta_id": 78402, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He notes, \"A person does not die when he should but when he can,\" and dies peeing on a tree after having survived seventy-three ambushes, fourteen assassination attempts, and a firing squad. An amateur silversmith and maker of golden fish, he burns his poems after he begins to lose his memory, and signs a peace treaty with the Conservative government. His great-great-great- grandnephew, after seducing Amaranta Ursula, names their pig-tailed son after this man in hopes that he will avenge the thirty-two civil wars he's lost. The father of eighteen illegitimate children who share his name, for 10 points, identify this brother of the second Jose Arcadio Buendia in One Hundred Years of Solitude.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 353 ], [ 354, 529 ], [ 530, 700 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Lit", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "The {Cherry Orchard} [or {Vishniovy sad}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In Act Two, one character quotes two lines Hamlet speaks to Ophelia after a tramp asks for money.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Cherry_Orchard", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a233", "qanta_id": 78420, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Act Two, one character quotes two lines Hamlet speaks to Ophelia after a tramp asks for money. In the third act, a Jewish band plays during a ball where Pischin is astonished by magic tricks. Another character is derisively called an \"eternal student,\" and was the tutor of Grisha, whose death by drowning caused the protagonist to move to Paris for five years. The final act ends with Firs' abandonment by the central family, who finally leaves Russia after Gayev is unable to save the title property, which is bought by Lopakhin. Madame Ranevskaya unwillingly allows the title estate to be chopped down in, FTP, what play by Anton Chekhov?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 194 ], [ 195, 364 ], [ 365, 534 ], [ 535, 644 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago Open Lit", "year": 2007 }, { "answer": "{Electronegativity} (1) [DF]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Walsh calculated this quantity by considering stretching force constants, while Philips used dielectric values to calculate it for diamond-like crystals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electronegativity", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a2ae", "qanta_id": 78543, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Walsh calculated this quantity by considering stretching force constants, while Philips used dielectric values to calculate it for diamond-like crystals. Allen utilized the configuration energy to find it, while Huggins proposed an alternative to the (*) original thermal chemical method. Martynov and Batsanov determined it by averaging successive ionization energies while Sanderson measured electron density to determine it. Both Gordy and Allred-Rochow made use of the covalent radius and the effective nuclear charge, while Mulliken utilized the ionization potential and the electron affinity. For 10 points, name this chemical property whose most commonly used definition is the one developed by Linus Pauling, which assigns the highest value for this property to fluorine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 288 ], [ 289, 427 ], [ 428, 598 ], [ 599, 779 ] ], "tournament": "Science Non-Strosity", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Louis XIV", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This ruler fought the War of Spanish Succession in an attempt to place his grandson Phillip V on the throne of Spain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Louis_XIV_of_France", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a2f8", "qanta_id": 78617, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This ruler fought the War of Spanish Succession in an attempt to place his grandson Phillip V on the throne of Spain. William III of Orange and Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I created the League of Augsburg to oppose this man, who revoked the rights given to Protestants in his country with his Edict of Fontainebleau. Advised by Jean-Baptiste Colbert and Cardinal Mazarin, this ruler moved his court from the Louvre to the Palace of Versailles. For 10 points, identify this long-ruling King of France known as the \"Sun King\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 318 ], [ 319, 446 ], [ 447, 527 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "ethers [accept esters before \u201cTHF\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Zeisel test can be used to detect them, and the compound THF is a very polar example of one.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a2fb", "qanta_id": 78620, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Zeisel test can be used to detect them, and the compound THF is a very polar example of one. The \"crown\" varieties are cyclic and can be used as solvents in Grignard reagents due to their low reactivity. These compounds can be produced by the Williamson synthesis or by the dehydration of alcohols. For 10 points, identify these chemical compounds, characterized by two alkyl groups single bonded to an oxygen, whose diethyl version used to be used as an anesthetic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 209 ], [ 210, 305 ], [ 306, 474 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ivan IV Vasilyevich or Ivan the Terrible or Ivan Grozny", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During his reign, a military campaign to retake western Slavic lands in the Livonian War ended badly.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_the_Terrible", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a318", "qanta_id": 78649, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During his reign, a military campaign to retake western Slavic lands in the Livonian War ended badly. He created a secret police organization called the oprichnina, and he held the first zemsky sobor, or parliament. His successor was the simple-minded Feodor I, since he had earlier killed his heir-to-be Ivan Ivanovich, essentially bringing about the downfall of the Ruriks, and his title may have come from his terrible treatment of the boyars, or the landed elite. For 10 points, identify this first tsar of Russia, who is probably best known for his rampant acts of cruelty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 216 ], [ 217, 469 ], [ 470, 581 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Great Expectations", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this work is nearly killed by Orlick and a \"heartless girl\" in this work marries the nobleman Bentley Drummle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Great_Expectations", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a327", "qanta_id": 78664, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this work is nearly killed by Orlick and a \"heartless girl\" in this work marries the nobleman Bentley Drummle. The protagonist of this work met a \"pale young gentleman\" at the Satis House, for whom he later works, and Compeyson was killed by Mr. Provis, who was later revealed to be the benefactor for the protagonist, who gets his money from Mr. Jaggers. The main character later rescues Miss Havisham, who introduced to him Estella earlier. For 10 points, identify this work centering on Philip Pirrip, a work by Charles Dickens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 378 ], [ 379, 466 ], [ 467, 555 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Titian or Tiziano Vecelli(o)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This painter's Pastoral Concert, originally misattributed to Giorgione, his teacher, inspired Luncheon on the Grass.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Titian", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a32d", "qanta_id": 78670, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This painter's Pastoral Concert, originally misattributed to Giorgione, his teacher, inspired Luncheon on the Grass. The titular female was seen impregnated by Zeus in his series on Danae, including one with a nursemaid, and Cupid and Venus attended a wedding in his Sacred and Profane Love. His most famous painting sees two maids in the background and a dog accompanying the titular goddess in the foreground, who reclines on a bed naked. For 10 points, identify this Italian painter of Venus of Urbino.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 293 ], [ 294, 443 ], [ 444, 509 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Franz {Liszt}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote the Variations on a Waltz by Diabelli when he was 12, and he wrote a set of three suites called Years of Pilgrimage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Liszt", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a330", "qanta_id": 78673, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer wrote the Variations on a Waltz by Diabelli when he was 12, and he wrote a set of three suites called Years of Pilgrimage. He also wrote 12 Transcendental Etudes and 13 Symphonic Poems, both including a piece titled Mazeppa, and he also composed a Faust Symphony. He labeled his Bagatelle without Tonality as his \"Fourth Mephisto Waltz,\" but he is perhaps most famous for a set of 19 piano pieces named for his motherland. For 10 points, identify this composer of Hungarian Rhapsodies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 279 ], [ 280, 438 ], [ 439, 502 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Spanish-American War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Henry Glass captured Guam during this war. The last engagement saw", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spanish\u2013American_War", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a34b", "qanta_id": 78700, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Henry Glass captured Guam during this war. The last engagement saw Admiral Cervera captured and only the Cristobal Colon avoiding destruction, while its first battle saw George Dewey win a naval battle with no casualties. In addition to seeing the Battle of Santiago Bay and Battle of Manila Bay, this war saw Teddy Roosevelt lead the Rough Riders to victory at San Juan Hill. For 10 points, name this war that saw Cuban independence and began after the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 222 ], [ 223, 379 ], [ 380, 486 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "viscosity", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Substances lacking this property can create Rollin films. This property can be described as the amount of resistance to deformation when shear stress is applied, and there are dynamic and kinematic forms of it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a354", "qanta_id": 78709, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Substances lacking this property can create Rollin films. This property can be described as the amount of resistance to deformation when shear stress is applied, and there are dynamic and kinematic forms of it. The Reynolds number is ratio of inertial forces to forces that are caused by this quantity, which is symbolized as eta. Superfluids lack this property, while values for it are written in the units kilograms per meter cubed. For 10 points, name this property of liquids to resist flow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 213, 332 ], [ 333, 436 ], [ 437, 498 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Plasmas", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Alfven Waves occur in these substances, and the Langmuir Probe is used to measure them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Plasma_(physics)", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a35d", "qanta_id": 78718, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Alfven Waves occur in these substances, and the Langmuir Probe is used to measure them. The quark-gluon type of these may have been created at Brookhaven RHIC, and these entities are studied in Tokamaks, which attempt to create nuclear fusion. Polar auroras and ball lightning are examples of this type of substance, and this state of matter exists when ionization occurs at extremely high temperatures, . For 10 points, name this substance similar to ionized gas, the \"fourth state of matter.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 244 ], [ 245, 406 ], [ 407, 496 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Samuel Taylor Coleridge", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author called the title object the \"Most musical, most melancholy bird!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a369", "qanta_id": 78730, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author called the title object the \"Most musical, most melancholy bird!\" in The Nightingale, one of his Conversational Poems. In another poem, \"twice five miles of fertile ground/With walls and towers were girdled round\" because \"In Xanadu\" the title character \"A stately pleasure-dome (decreed).\" This collaborator with William Wordsworth on Lyrical Ballads included in it a poem in which the title figure is won by Life-in-Death after shooting an albatross. For 10 points, name this author of Kubla Khan and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 130 ], [ 131, 184 ], [ 184, 301 ], [ 301, 302 ], [ 303, 466 ], [ 466, 548 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Holden Caulfield", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This character buys the record \"Little Shirley Beans\" for his sister, before breaking it after leaving the Wicker Bar at the Seton Hotel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Holden_Caulfield", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a36e", "qanta_id": 78735, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This character buys the record \"Little Shirley Beans\" for his sister, before breaking it after leaving the Wicker Bar at the Seton Hotel. This character had a conversation with two nuns about Romeo and Juliet, and earlier had a conversation with a cab driver about where the ducks in Central Park go during the winter. After getting beat up by a pimp named Maurice after only paying a prostitute $5, this character meets up with Sally Hayes, Mr. Antolini and his sister Phoebe. For ten points, identify this character expelled from Pencey Prep, the protagonist of J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 318 ], [ 319, 477 ], [ 478, 570 ], [ 570, 604 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Crimean War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Alfonso La Marmora commanded 15,000 Italian soldiers to side with the eventual winners of this war, and Moldavia and Wallachia were invaded by the eventual losers during the Danube campaign of this war.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Crimean_War", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a380", "qanta_id": 78753, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Alfonso La Marmora commanded 15,000 Italian soldiers to side with the eventual winners of this war, and Moldavia and Wallachia were invaded by the eventual losers during the Danube campaign of this war. France and Britain became involved in this war after the Ottomans were annihilated in the harbor during the Battle of Sinop, and Sebastopol was besieged for 11 months in this war. The \"Charge of the Light Brigade\" took place at the Battle of Balaklava in this war. Settled by the Treaty of Paris, for 10 points, identify this 1853-1856 war named after a Ukrainian peninsula in the Black Sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 386 ], [ 387, 473 ], [ 473, 600 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{magnetic fields} [prompt on \u201cfield\u201d, do not accept or prompt on \u201celectric field\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Faraday rotation studies the interaction of light and this in a medium, and it induces a quantized resistivity in the quantum Hall effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Magnetic_field", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a383", "qanta_id": 78756, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Faraday rotation studies the interaction of light and this in a medium, and it induces a quantized resistivity in the quantum Hall effect. A rotating one of these is used in a dynamo to generate electricity, and, according to Gauss's Law, it cannot have monopoles. It generates the Lorentz force on moving charged particles, and it can be calculated with the Biot-Savart Law. The Earth's one can reverse itself, and the SI unit for it is the tesla. For 10 points, identify this entity, caused by a moving point charge that is the counterpart of an electric field and has poles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 270 ], [ 271, 384 ], [ 384, 456 ], [ 457, 586 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "B(urrhus) F(rederick) Skinner", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his experiments, he showed that pigeons demonstrated a form of superstition around food delivery in a cage, and his views on education are listed in his The Technology of Teaching. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B._F._Skinner", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a38a", "qanta_id": 78763, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his experiments, he showed that pigeons demonstrated a form of superstition around food delivery in a cage, and his views on education are listed in his The Technology of Teaching. In one of his more notable works, he argues that entrenched belief in free will hinders using scientific methods to modify human behavior, and in another work, he created a society that has a \"Board of Planners,\" \"Managers,\" and \"Scientists.\" His namesake box delivers reinforcing stimuli for operant conditioning. For 10 points, identify this behaviorist and author of Beyond Freedom and Dignity and Walden Two.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 193, 437 ], [ 438, 510 ], [ 511, 609 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Franz Kafka", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One story by this author ends with a panther being put into a cage once occupied by the starving title character.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Kafka", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a397", "qanta_id": 78776, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One story by this author ends with a panther being put into a cage once occupied by the starving title character. Another of his stories focuses on an execution device that accidentally kills the Officer. Besides A Hunger Artist and In the Penal Colony, this man wrote a novel that sees Willem and Franz arrest and execute Josef K., but he is best known for a work about salesman Gregor Samsa. For 10 points, name this German-speaking author of The Trial and The Metamorphosis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 204 ], [ 205, 393 ], [ 394, 477 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Joseph Rudyard Kipling", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poem by this man references a character who \"can make one heap of all [his] winnings and risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rudyard_Kipling", "proto_id": "5476da9bea23cca90551a39b", "qanta_id": 78780, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poem by this man references a character who \"can make one heap of all [his] winnings and risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss.\" Another story by this author tells of the death of Nagaina at the hands of the title mongoose, and he also wrote about a combat water carrier described as \"a better man than I am.\" This author of Kim, Gunga Din and The White Man's Burden is best known story collection features characters like Shere Khan, Baloo, and Mowgli. For 10 points, name this Indian-born British author of The Jungle Book.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 315 ], [ 315, 459 ], [ 460, 531 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{buffer}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These help reduce the buildup of lactic acid from the conversion of sugars in athletes, allowing them to perform better without fatigue.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "CONFIG.SYS", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a468", "qanta_id": 78985, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These help reduce the buildup of lactic acid from the conversion of sugars in athletes, allowing them to perform better without fatigue. Their function is based on Le Chatelier's Principle and the common ion effect, and the Henderson-Hasselbach equation can help determine their maximum capacity. Their presence results in a flat region on a titration curve, as the pH does not change with the addition of more solution. FTP, name these systems usually made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 296 ], [ 297, 420 ], [ 421, 499 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{phosphorus}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Found in the mineral apatite, the white version of this element, known as Willy Pete, was used in bombs during the Iraqi war.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Phosphorus", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a46a", "qanta_id": 78987, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Found in the mineral apatite, the white version of this element, known as Willy Pete, was used in bombs during the Iraqi war. One of its radioactive isotopes is used in biology in Northern and Southern blots. It was first discovered by Hennig Brand when he heated traces of urine, resulting in a blue-green glow that gave this element its name. FTP, identify this element which is found in lipids that make up cell membranes and in DNA.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 208 ], [ 209, 344 ], [ 345, 436 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Publius {Ovid}ius Naso", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Going to war, traveling, and contemplating a lover's defects are among the titular remedies suggested in his The Cure for Love.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ovid", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a475", "qanta_id": 78998, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Going to war, traveling, and contemplating a lover's defects are among the titular remedies suggested in his The Cure for Love. His celebrated version of Medea is now lost, and he also wrote a calendar of religious festivals, entitled Fasti. He wrote, \"Every lover is a soldier\" in Amores I.5, and suggested triumphal processions as a good place to meet women in The Art of Love. Exiled to Tomis on the Black Sea in AD 8, FTP, name this Roman love elegist, the poet of the Metamorphoses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 241 ], [ 242, 379 ], [ 380, 487 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Anne {Bradstreet}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Born in 1612 in Northampton, England she would not immigrate to Massachusetts until she was already married to a future governor of that Colony.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anne_Bradstreet", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a48d", "qanta_id": 79022, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Born in 1612 in Northampton, England she would not immigrate to Massachusetts until she was already married to a future governor of that Colony. Her most famous collection was published without her consent by her brother-in-law John Woodbridge. That collection is The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America. Her most famous poem, To my Dear and Loving Husband begins with the line \"If ever two were one, then surely we.\" FTP, name this early American poet who also wrote Verses Upon the Burning of Our House.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 244 ], [ 245, 292 ], [ 293, 307 ], [ 308, 419 ], [ 419, 508 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Yom Kippur}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "BHSAT 2008 Round 9 Packet by Ben Colman and Alex Mohapatra, Tossups ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Yom_Kippur", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a4ac", "qanta_id": 79052, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "BHSAT 2008 Round 9 Packet by Ben Colman and Alex Mohapatra, Tossups It is believed to correspond with the date on which Moses received the Ten Commandments and may represent forgiveness for the Golden Calf, but it also corresponds to 20 day war in 1973 named for it. Kol Nidre is chanted before the start of this holiday. Bathing and use of perfume are all banned on this day, along with other acts. With Rosh Hashanah it forms the Jewish High Holy Days. FTP, name this religious fast, the Jewish Day of Atonement.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 71, 269 ], [ 270, 324 ], [ 325, 402 ], [ 403, 457 ], [ 458, 517 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{RNA} (accept: {ribonucleic acid})", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A popular theory in evolutionary biology posits that it was once responsible for both cellular replication and catalysis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "RNA", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a4b4", "qanta_id": 79060, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A popular theory in evolutionary biology posits that it was once responsible for both cellular replication and catalysis. It differs from deoxyribonucleic acid structurally only at the 3' position, though cells use uracil instead of thymine during synthesis. FTP, name this macromolecule, which can be found in the cell as ribosomal, transfer, and messenger types.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 258 ], [ 259, 364 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{T}heodore{ Roosevelt} (prompt on Roosevelt)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Born on October 27, 1858, he had this presidential portrait painted by John Singer Sargent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theodore_Roosevelt", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a4d3", "qanta_id": 79089, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Born on October 27, 1858, he had this presidential portrait painted by John Singer Sargent. To compensate for poor health as a child, as an adult, he adopted a rigorous training schedule. Coming from a long line of Harvard graduates, many progressive reforms were undertaken during his presidency, including improvements in conservation, child labor laws, and food safety. FTP, name the third face from the left on Mount Rushmore, whose sculpture lies between Jefferson and Lincoln.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 187 ], [ 188, 372 ], [ 373, 482 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Umberto {Eco}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In 2005's The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana, an amnesiac rare books dealer discovers a copy of Shakespeare's first folio while trying to remember his role in the second World War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Umberto_Eco", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a4da", "qanta_id": 79094, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 2005's The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana, an amnesiac rare books dealer discovers a copy of Shakespeare's first folio while trying to remember his role in the second World War. A professor at the University of Bologna, he writes extensively on semiotics and literary theory, but his more famous works include a 1988 novel about three Milanese friends working in publishing, and a man who travels to an abbey to examine a murder. FTP, name this author of Foucault's Pendulum and The Name of the Rose.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 433 ], [ 434, 504 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{R}ichard {Strauss} (prompt on Strauss)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This German Romantic composer composed the theme for the 1936 Berlin Olympics, and became President of the Reich Music Bureau, even though his daughter-in-law was Jewish.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Strauss", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a4e3", "qanta_id": 79102, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This German Romantic composer composed the theme for the 1936 Berlin Olympics, and became President of the Reich Music Bureau, even though his daughter-in-law was Jewish. Married to a soprano, he wrote many operas, most importantly \"Elektra\" and \"Salome.\" He is also famous for his tone poems including Don Quixote. FTP name this composer whose Also Spracht Zarathustra is used in Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 255 ], [ 256, 315 ], [ 316, 396 ], [ 397, 413 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Bystander effect}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Fellow residents down the hall watch their neighbor get robbed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bystander_effect", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a508", "qanta_id": 79135, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Fellow residents down the hall watch their neighbor get robbed. A person lies bleeding in the street screaming for help, yet a group passing by does not call for help. Reasons for such behavior include diffusion of responsibility as everyone assumes that someone else is going to help the person in need. Also called the Genovese effect, FTP, name this effect in psychology, where peer pressure and uncertainty result in inaction in situations of crisis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 167 ], [ 168, 304 ], [ 305, 454 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{J}ohann {S}ebastian {Bach} [prompt on partial answer]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Positions this man held during his lifetime included Court Musician in Weimar, Kapellmeister at Cottbus and Cantor of St. Thomas' Church in Leipzig, whilst one of his sons also served in the court of Frederic the Great.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a523", "qanta_id": 79162, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Positions this man held during his lifetime included Court Musician in Weimar, Kapellmeister at Cottbus and Cantor of St. Thomas' Church in Leipzig, whilst one of his sons also served in the court of Frederic the Great. Early in life, he took an unauthorized extended period of leave and walked to Lubeck to listen to the master organist Dieterich Buxtehude. A record of one of his works was fittingly put onto the Voyager I spacecraft as a showcase of humanity. FTP, name this German master composer of works like the Art of the Fugue, the Goldberg Variations, and the Well-Tempered Clavier.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 358 ], [ 359, 462 ], [ 463, 592 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Tempest}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This last great Shakesperean comedy takes place on an island off the coast of Italy and concerns the desire for vengeance by the deposed Duke of Milan over his brother Antonio.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tempest", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a530", "qanta_id": 79175, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This last great Shakesperean comedy takes place on an island off the coast of Italy and concerns the desire for vengeance by the deposed Duke of Milan over his brother Antonio. It is filled with supernatural beings like the witch Sycorax, the spirit Ariel, and the deformed monster Caliban. Following the romance between Ferdinand, son of Alonso and King of Naples, and Miranda, daughter of Prospero, FTP, name this play that features a sorcerer who causes the title event, a storm at sea, in the first act of the play.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 290 ], [ 291, 519 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{apoptosis}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A failure of this process to occur results in the development of webbed feet in humans.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apoptosis", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a537", "qanta_id": 79182, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A failure of this process to occur results in the development of webbed feet in humans. As opposed to necrosis, this process is actually advantageous and planned for cells. Cytochrome c from mitochondria released during this process joins with Apaf-1 and ATP in the cytoplasm to form a protein complex named after this process. FTP, name this process governing programmed cell death.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 172 ], [ 173, 327 ], [ 328, 383 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Marcel {Proust}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Although he thought Baudelaire was the best 19th century poet, his most important work of literary criticism praises Flaubert.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Proust", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a548", "qanta_id": 79195, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Although he thought Baudelaire was the best 19th century poet, his most important work of literary criticism praises Flaubert. After overcoming his poor English skills to translate two of John Ruskin's works into French, he began his most famous novel. Published in seven volumes, that novel included characters like the narrator's grandmother, Bathilde Am\u00e9d\u00e9e, and a beautiful Parisian courtesan called Odette. FTP, identify this author of In Search of Lost Time.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 252 ], [ 253, 411 ], [ 412, 464 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "War of the {Spanish Succession}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Marshal Vendome's exploits during this war include a victory over Reventlow at Calcinato, and a key allied victory came at Ouedenaarde.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a557", "qanta_id": 79208, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Marshal Vendome's exploits during this war include a victory over Reventlow at Calcinato, and a key allied victory came at Ouedenaarde. Another battle occurred southwest of Mons fortress, and saw the Duke of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy defeat the Duc de Villars at Malplaquet. This war began when Phillip of Anjou was given all of Charles II's possessions after his death, and came into conflict with Leopold I Hapsburg. Ended by the Treaty of Utrecht, FTP, name this 1701-1714 European conflict.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 280 ], [ 281, 424 ], [ 425, 500 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{T}heodore{ Roosevelt} (prompt on Roosevelt)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Born on October 27, 1858, he had this presidential portrait painted by John Singer Sargent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theodore_Roosevelt", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a572", "qanta_id": 79228, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Born on October 27, 1858, he had this presidential portrait painted by John Singer Sargent. To compensate for poor health as a child, as an adult, he adopted a rigorous training schedule. Coming from a long line of Harvard graduates, many progressive reforms were undertaken during his presidency, including improvements in conservation, child labor laws, and food safety. FTP, name the third face from the left on Mount Rushmore, whose sculpture lies between Jefferson and Lincoln.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 187 ], [ 188, 372 ], [ 373, 482 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "James {Monroe}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A treaty he negotiated with Britain in 1806 was rejected by Thomas Jefferson.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Monroe", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a57e", "qanta_id": 79238, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A treaty he negotiated with Britain in 1806 was rejected by Thomas Jefferson. During his presidency, the Adams-Onis Treaty was negotiated, as was the Missouri Compromise. While in office, the Federalist Party disintegrated, and his terms were mostly marked by an end to partisan fighting and general good will, leading the period to be called the \"Era of Good Feelings.\" FTP, name this fifth president of the United States.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 170 ], [ 171, 369 ], [ 369, 423 ] ], "tournament": "Bulldog High School Academic Tournament (BHSAT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Czar Alexander II", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Throughout this man's reign, there was an emphasis on expansion in the East, with the Treaty of Beijing confirming the conquest of the Ussuri region, and the conquests of Kokand, Khiva, and Bokhara.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_II_of_Russia", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a592", "qanta_id": 79256, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Throughout this man's reign, there was an emphasis on expansion in the East, with the Treaty of Beijing confirming the conquest of the Ussuri region, and the conquests of Kokand, Khiva, and Bokhara. His reign also saw the introduction of the assemblies, which were granted advisory roles in legislation via a decree signed on the very day of his death. For ten points, name the czar of Russia best known for the 1861Edict of Emancipation freeing the serfs and for being bombed by the People's Will.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 198 ], [ 199, 352 ], [ 353, 498 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Thomas Eakins", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This artist married Susan Hannah MacDowell, who was an accomplished pianist, photographer, and painter at the time.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Eakins", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a5b8", "qanta_id": 79294, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist married Susan Hannah MacDowell, who was an accomplished pianist, photographer, and painter at the time. The Corcoran houses his full- length portrait The Pathetic Song, which perhaps falls behind his portraits Mary Adeline Williams and Miss Van Buren. After his return to America, he began to employ Muybridge's photographic researches in his paintings, which ended an early hobby that could be seen in such canvases as The Biglen Brothers Racing and Max Schmitt in a Single Scull. FTP, name this American painter whose fascination with anatomy is best expressed in his masterpiece, The Gross Clinic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 161 ], [ 162, 263 ], [ 264, 493 ], [ 494, 612 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Claude Monet", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This artist began his career as a caricaturist and then moved on to landscape painting under the advice of his mentor Boudin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Monet", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a5d9", "qanta_id": 79327, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist began his career as a caricaturist and then moved on to landscape painting under the advice of his mentor Boudin. He became fond of painting outdoors and, after two years in Algiers with the military, moved to Paris to become a member of the studio Gleyre. He had a trench dug in his garden so that the overlarge Women in the Garden could be raised or lowered to a height that he liked. For ten points, name this archetypal artist of the Impressionist movement, famous for painting Impression: Sunrise.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 268 ], [ 269, 398 ], [ 399, 514 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Boer War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Started by the machinations of Alfred Milner, this conflict saw the British ending their initial offensive after a counterattack against the cities of Ladysmith, Mafeking, and Kimberly.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Second_Boer_War", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a630", "qanta_id": 79414, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Started by the machinations of Alfred Milner, this conflict saw the British ending their initial offensive after a counterattack against the cities of Ladysmith, Mafeking, and Kimberly. Ultimately achieving what the Jameson Raid had earlier failed to do, its last two years saw the guerrilla efforts of the so-called \"bitter enders,\" with peace only coming after Lord Kitchener's brutal pacification campaign. Ended by the Treaty of Vereeniging, FTP, name this war through which the British gained control over South African territories previously controlled by the namesake Dutch settlers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 409 ], [ 410, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Carlos Fuentes (do not accept \u201cDaisy Fuentes\u201d)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of the members of his country's delegation to the International Labor Organization in Geneva, he also served as ambassador to France", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carlos_Fuentes", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a63f", "qanta_id": 79429, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the members of his country's delegation to the International Labor Organization in Geneva, he also served as ambassador to France His short story collections include Burnt Water and Constancia and Other Stories for Virgins. One of his later novels, Terra nostra, describes Philip II's construction of El Escorial, and he wrote a fictionalized account of Ambrose Bierce's last days in The Old Gringo. The winner of the 1987 Cervantes Prize, FTP, name this Mexican author of The Death of Artemio Cruz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 230 ], [ 231, 406 ], [ 407, 506 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Madame Bovary [accept Emma Rouault before it is read]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "She relies on the carpenter's wife, M\u00e8re Rolet, to nurse her daughter, and she makes a halfhearted attempt to resolve her restlessness by speaking with Abb\u00e9 Bournisien.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a664", "qanta_id": 79466, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "She relies on the carpenter's wife, M\u00e8re Rolet, to nurse her daughter, and she makes a halfhearted attempt to resolve her restlessness by speaking with Abb\u00e9 Bournisien. While visiting La Vaubyessard for a ball hosted by the Marquis d'Andervilliers, she finds a cigar case which rekindles her curiosity about wealth and the world abroad. Sickened at her husband's bungled attempt to treat a club foot, she visits a fair and watches pigs being judged with Rodolphe Boulanger. Later, feeling guilty after bonking Leon Dupuis to make up for an earlier missed opportunity, she kills herself with arsenic. For ten points, name this title character, originally named Emma Rouault, in a novel by Gustave Flaubert.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 336 ], [ 337, 473 ], [ 474, 599 ], [ 600, 705 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Ben {Jonson} (1) [AH]", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of this man's comedies contains a witty song that includes lyrics about a \"perfumed\" character with \"flowing robes. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ben_Jonson", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a710", "qanta_id": 79638, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's comedies contains a witty song that includes lyrics about a \"perfumed\" character with \"flowing robes. That song, \"Still to be neat,\" was sung by the rowdy Clerimont in a play by this man that sees Morose duped into marrying the title cross-dresser by his nephew Dauphine Eugenie. Another of his protagonists has a good-for-nothing apprentice who eventually marries his mistress Sindefy; that man is Touchstone from this author's Eastward Ho! Sir Epicure Mammon's attempts to hire Subtle to transform his possessions into gold go awry in this man's The Alchemist. FTP, name this authors whose plays include Bartholomew Fair and Every Man in His Humor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 121, 300 ], [ 300, 463 ], [ 463, 585 ], [ 585, 672 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open Literature Tournament", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Invisible Man }(1) [DL]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Its epigraphs come from Benito Cereno and T.S. Eliot's Family Reunion, which are followed by a prologue where Louis Armstrong's \"What Did I Do To Be So Black and Blue?", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Invisible_Man", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a716", "qanta_id": 79644, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its epigraphs come from Benito Cereno and T.S. Eliot's Family Reunion, which are followed by a prologue where Louis Armstrong's \"What Did I Do To Be So Black and Blue?\" makes the narrator imagine a church-like cave. Its narrator meets Supercargo and a nihilistic vet at the Golden Day, where he takes Mr. Norton to recover after hearing the story of the incestuous Truebloods. This causes Dr. Bledsoe to send him to New York, where he is fired from Liberty Paints and becomes the Harlem coordinator of a communist Brotherhood and finally hides in a basement with 1369 lights. FTP, name this novel about a man who is not a spook from Poe, by Ralph Ellison.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 167, 217 ], [ 217, 379 ], [ 379, 579 ], [ 579, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open Literature Tournament", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Godot} (1) [DJ]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His friends realize they are \"tied to\" this character after one of them takes a bite out of a turnip when he wants a carrot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Waiting_for_Godot", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a729", "qanta_id": 79663, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His friends realize they are \"tied to\" this character after one of them takes a bite out of a turnip when he wants a carrot. The arrival of a character whose name means nothing to them allows a character to recall a family called Gozzo, whose mother had the clap, but after that character leaves with his servant, one of this white-bearded character's workers, the Boy, arrives to tell the two protagonists that he will not arrive this evening, but surely tomorrow. After the reappearance of Lucky and Pozzo in Act Two, the protagonists agree to hang themselves the next day if this character does not arrive. FTP, identify this man of a Samuel Beckett play for whom Vladimir and Estragon are waiting.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 465 ], [ 466, 609 ], [ 610, 701 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Open Literature Tournament", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Rudyard {Kipling}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He collaborated with his brother-in-law Woolcott Balestier to write a poorly received romance, Naulakha, and he wrote The Irish Guards in the Great War in tribute to his son John, who died in World War I.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rudyard_Kipling", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a742", "qanta_id": 79688, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He collaborated with his brother-in-law Woolcott Balestier to write a poorly received romance, Naulakha, and he wrote The Irish Guards in the Great War in tribute to his son John, who died in World War I. His Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses included poems such as \"Danny Deever,\" and \"Screw Guns,\" though he may be better known for such lines as \"you'll be a Man, my son\" and \"the savage wars of peace.\" For 10 points, name this British author of the poems \"Gunga Din,\" \"If,\" and \"White Man's Burden,\" as well as the prose works Kim, Just-So Stories and The Jungle Book.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 408 ], [ 408, 576 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Albert {Camus}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Arguments with Francois Mauriac and Andre Breton his anti-communist State of Siege and The Just Assassins.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Camus", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a74d", "qanta_id": 79699, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Arguments with Francois Mauriac and Andre Breton his anti-communist State of Siege and The Just Assassins. \"The Growing Stone\" and \"The Adulterous Woman\" can be found in his final creative output, The Exile and the Kingdom, though he left The Happy Death unfinished. He said that the novels' heroes, such as Bernard Rieux and Jean-Baptiste Clamence, are absurdist. For 10 points, name this author of The Myth of Sisyphus who wrote abut Mersault's murder of an Arab and is responsible for such works as The Fall, The Rebel, The Plague and the aforementioned The Stranger.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 108 ], [ 108, 266 ], [ 267, 364 ], [ 365, 570 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "The {Count of Monte Cristo} [or Le {Comte de Monte Cristo}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In book two of James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus expresses his love for this book.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Count_of_Monte_Cristo", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a79b", "qanta_id": 79777, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In book two of James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus expresses his love for this book. In this novel, the Count de Morcerf is exposed for betraying Ali Pacha and selling Ali's wife and daughter into slavery. One of the protagonist's enemies is convicted for attempted infanticide, and the bandit Luigi Vampa kidnaps Danglars and takes his money. For 10 points, a man sent to the Chateau D'If for being a Bonapartist abandons the identity of Edmond Dantes in what Alexandre Dumas novel?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 240 ], [ 241, 378 ], [ 379, 518 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Arnold Franz Walter {Schoenberg}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His cousin Nachod, a performing tenor, debuted the role of Waldemar in his song cycle Gurrelieder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnold_Schoenberg", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a7ba", "qanta_id": 79808, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His cousin Nachod, a performing tenor, debuted the role of Waldemar in his song cycle Gurrelieder. His other works include two chamber symphonies, the abstract Music for a Film Scene, and The Book of the Hanging Gardens. He died before finishing the opera Moses und Aron, but he did popularize such concepts as serialism and Sprechstimme as the teacher of Anton Webern. For 10 points, name this composer of Pierrot Lunaire and Transfigured night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 220 ], [ 221, 369 ], [ 370, 446 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Henry Wadsworth {Longfellow}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He began growing his famous beard following the death of his wife Frances in a house fire that scarred his face.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a7d7", "qanta_id": 79837, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He began growing his famous beard following the death of his wife Frances in a house fire that scarred his face. He later commemorated her in his sonnet \"The Cross of Snow.\" Although he created the first American translation of Dante's Inferno, it was his poetry that made him famous, ranging from the \"spreading chestnut tree\" under which \"the village smithy stands\" to \"ships that pass in the night.\" For 10 points, name this American poet whose Tales of a Wayside Inn includes the famous \"Paul Revere's Ride.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 173 ], [ 174, 401 ], [ 401, 512 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Gustav}us II Adolphus", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He sometimes traveled in disguise under the pseudonym Captain Gars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a807", "qanta_id": 79884, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He sometimes traveled in disguise under the pseudonym Captain Gars. He immediately signed away \u00c4lvsborg in the Peace of Kn\u00e4red, after coming to power with the consent of the Riksdag at the age of sixteen. Ruling alongside Maria Eleonora for two decades, he pioneered the use of mobile artillery and was known as the \"Lion of the North,\" before dying in battle at L\u00fctzen. For 10 points, identify this Protestant figure in the Thirty Years War and king of Sweden.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 204 ], [ 205, 370 ], [ 371, 461 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{halogens} [accept early {Group 17} or {Group 7A}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The heaviest one is extremely rare and is produced by bombardment of bismuth with helium.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Halogen", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a80f", "qanta_id": 79892, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The heaviest one is extremely rare and is produced by bombardment of bismuth with helium. The lightest one forms a diatomic acid useful in etching glass. The least reactive is the second-heaviest one, a purple solid first isolated from seaweed. A silver salt of the third heaviest is used in photography, and the second lightest is abundant in seawater. For 10 points, give the collective for these five elements of group 17, which includes the most electronegative element and others such as astatine, bromine and chlorine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 153 ], [ 154, 244 ], [ 245, 353 ], [ 354, 524 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{centaur}s", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One named Pholus opened a jar of wine for Heracles, leading to Heracles killing Isoples, Hippotion, and others.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Centaur", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a82e", "qanta_id": 79923, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One named Pholus opened a jar of wine for Heracles, leading to Heracles killing Isoples, Hippotion, and others. Rhoecus and Hylaeus were killed by Atalanta after trying to attack her. Eurytion got drunk at the wedding of Pirithous, and Eurytus started the fight that led to their battle with the Lapiths. For 10 points, what creatures, that also include Heracles's murderer Nessus and the wise Chiron, were half man and half horse?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 183 ], [ 184, 304 ], [ 305, 431 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Bose-Einstein} condensates", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Quantum-mechanical waves can be seen with the naked eye due to the constancy of their phases.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bose\u2013Einstein_condensate", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a835", "qanta_id": 79930, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Quantum-mechanical waves can be seen with the naked eye due to the constancy of their phases. One theory, named after London, treats certain isotopes as ideal ones, and one of them was made from sodium-23 by Wolfgang Ketterle. However, the first was created by Cornell and Wieman at JILA in Colorado, who supercooled two thousand rubidium atoms and caused them to act as a single \"superatom.\" For 10 points, name these collections of particles cooled below a critical temperature, a so-called fifth state of matter, predicted by an Indian and a German physicist for whom they are named.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 226 ], [ 227, 391 ], [ 391, 586 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Thomas Stearns {Eliot}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In \"The Hippopotamus,\" he claims that the titular beast is the \"True Church,\" a line that he later explained in a work of criticism, After Strange Gods.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "T._S._Eliot", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a839", "qanta_id": 79934, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In \"The Hippopotamus,\" he claims that the titular beast is the \"True Church,\" a line that he later explained in a work of criticism, After Strange Gods. The lines \"in my beginning is my end\" and \"in my end is my beginning\" can be found on his memorial plaque, as they are taken from \"East Coker.\" That is the second in a collection that also includes \"Burnt Norton\" and \"Little Gidding\" and is known as his Four Quartets. For 10 points, name this author of the play Murder in the Cathedral and poems such as \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,\" \"The Hollow Men,\" and \"The Wasteland.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 295 ], [ 295, 421 ], [ 422, 585 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Marathon}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A key moment in this battle was the decision to wait out the initial attack on Eritria.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Marathon", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a851", "qanta_id": 79958, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A key moment in this battle was the decision to wait out the initial attack on Eritria. After an eight-day standoff near the Charadra River, the defenders decided to make a move under the advice of Callimachus. The army of Datis was caught by surprise when the opponents left the center wide open, and Militiades was able to send the Persians scurrying. However, this battle may now be better remembered for the exploits of Pheidippides. For 10 points, name this battle which, depending on one's source for the legend, either preceded or followed a messenger's very long run.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 210 ], [ 211, 353 ], [ 354, 437 ], [ 438, 575 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Hephaestus} [do not accept any Roman names]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The scene of Dionysus bringing this drunken god up to Olympus slumped over the back of a mule was often depicted in Greek art.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hephaestus", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a861", "qanta_id": 79974, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The scene of Dionysus bringing this drunken god up to Olympus slumped over the back of a mule was often depicted in Greek art. In another legend this god was married to Athena, who left him, after which he spilled his seed on the earth to produce Erechtheus, a king of Athens. The woman more commonly known as his wife was given to him in exchange for releasing Hera from a trick throne he had built. For 10 points, name this husband of Aphrodite who was lamed when he fell from Olympus to Lemnos, under which he built his forge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 276 ], [ 277, 400 ], [ 401, 529 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{viscosity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Mark-Houwink equation relates its intrinsic variety to molecular weight for certain polymers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8a7", "qanta_id": 80044, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Mark-Houwink equation relates its intrinsic variety to molecular weight for certain polymers. One empirical measure of it is known as the Saybolt Universal variety, and Jeans' equation states that, in a gas, it is proportional to the temperature raised to a constant power. Usually calculated by dividing stress to shear strain, the kinematic variety can be multiplied by mass density to derive the absolute or dynamic variety, which is usually a collective measure of friction, adhesion, and cohesion. For 10 points name this quantity measured in units of either poise or stokes, the resistance to flow found in both gases and liquids.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 277 ], [ 278, 506 ], [ 507, 640 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "{Peru}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country's Sechura Desert is crossed by the Cascajal and Piura Rivers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peru", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8b4", "qanta_id": 80057, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's Sechura Desert is crossed by the Cascajal and Piura Rivers. This country's highest peak is Mount Huascaran, and notable archaeological sites in this country include the Huaca del Sol and Sipan, ruins of the Moche civilization. Visitors to this country can see the Amazon Rainforest in Iquitos, travel to the cities of Cajamarca and Arequipa, and row to Taquile Island, which lies 13,700 feet above sea level on this country's side of Lake Titicaca. The battles of Jun\u00edn and Ayacucho were fought in this country, which contains the ruins of Machu Picchu. For 10 points, name this country west of Bolivia and north of Chile, whose capital is Lima.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 241 ], [ 242, 463 ], [ 464, 568 ], [ 569, 660 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Peter Paul {Rubens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An alligator and three turban-clan men on horseback attack the titular black African mammal in this artist's painting The Hippopotamus Hunt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_Paul_Rubens", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8b9", "qanta_id": 80062, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "An alligator and three turban-clan men on horseback attack the titular black African mammal in this artist's painting The Hippopotamus Hunt. This artist portrayed Triton blowing a seashell beneath Cybele and Neptune in his painting The Union of Earth and Water, and his more violent paintings include Allegory of Peace and War and the recently discovered Massacre of the Innocents. His wife H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Fourment modeled for his paintings The Three Graces and The Garden of Love. He also painted a cycle of canvases about Marie de Medici, as well as a painting of men trying to raise the body of Christ, The Elevation of the Cross. For 10 points, name this Baroque Flemish painter known for his fleshy nudes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 381 ], [ 382, 432 ], [ 433, 473 ], [ 474, 625 ], [ 626, 702 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Napoleon} I Bonaparte", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Canova created a nude sculpture of this figure holding an apple and a spear posing as Mars the Peacemaker. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Napoleon", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8c3", "qanta_id": 80072, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Canova created a nude sculpture of this figure holding an apple and a spear posing as Mars the Peacemaker. His portrait where he is holding a staff with a pointing hand on the end of it is often compared to God the Father from the Ghent Altarpiece, a portrait by Ingres. Antoine-Jean Gros depicted touching soldiers dying of the plague at the Pesthouse in Jaffa. He is shown crowing his kneeling wife in a coronation portrait by the artist of The Sabine Women. For 10 points, identify this man shown on his horse crossing the Alps by David.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 108, 273 ], [ 273, 366 ], [ 366, 465 ], [ 465, 544 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Georg Wilhelm Friedrich {Hegel}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His theory of history claimed that new movements arise out of the contradictions in their forerunners in his talkings, posthumously published as Lectures on the Philosophy of History.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8cc", "qanta_id": 80081, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His theory of history claimed that new movements arise out of the contradictions in their forerunners in his talkings, posthumously published as Lectures on the Philosophy of History. Strongly influenced by Jakob Bohme, his idea of sublation between propositions was outlined in his The Science of Logic, and he divided the mind into \"subjective,\" \"objective,\" and \"absolute\" categories in his three-part work Philosophy of Right. His magnum opus contains the first postulation of the Master/Slave synthesis. For 10 points, name this founder of the dialectic who wrote the Phenomenology of Spirit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 184, 432 ], [ 432, 509 ], [ 510, 598 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Thoth}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In addition to his more common form, this god can take on the appearance of a dog-faced baboon in his avatar of A'an, the god of equilibrium.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thoth", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8d1", "qanta_id": 80086, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In addition to his more common form, this god can take on the appearance of a dog-faced baboon in his avatar of A'an, the god of equilibrium. In one myth, this god gambles with the moon and wins obtaining 5 extra days of light to create a 365-day calendar so that Nut can bear children. He is the masculine counterpart of Maat and stands with her on the other side of Re's solar barge. A god of magic, he bestowed upon Isis the magic incantations to help resurrect both Osiris and Horus and is also seen as a god of writing and scribes. Often associated with Hermes Trismegistus in Greek times, for 10 points, identify this Egyptian god known for his ibis shaped head.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 286 ], [ 287, 385 ], [ 386, 536 ], [ 537, 668 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{black hole}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "These objects possess an ergosphere within which occurs the Lense-Thirring effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8d2", "qanta_id": 80087, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These objects possess an ergosphere within which occurs the Lense-Thirring effect. The Reissner-Nordstrom metric is used to describe non-rotating ones that possess electrical charge. Mass, electric charge, and angular momentum are the only properties of these objects according to the No Hair Theorem, and energy may be extracted from these via the Penrose Process. Pair production in one of these may result in Hawking Radiation if it occurs near the event horizon. Formed when a supernova remnant exceeds the Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, this is, for 10 points, what type of collapsed star that is named for its ability to trap light?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 182 ], [ 183, 365 ], [ 366, 466 ], [ 467, 634 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{alkynes}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the Fritsch-Buttenburg-Wiechell rearrangement, one of these is synthesized from a vinyl bromide.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkyne", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8dc", "qanta_id": 80097, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the Fritsch-Buttenburg-Wiechell rearrangement, one of these is synthesized from a vinyl bromide. Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling results in a molecule with two of these functional groups. Addition of water to these compounds in the presence of sulfuric acid results in the formation of an enol, while catalytic hydrogenation with Lindlar's catalyst stereoselectively forms a syn product. Their functional carbon atoms are sp hybridized. They are inherently unstable, and terminal ones can be deprotonated to yield acetylide ions. For 10 points, identify these hydrocarbons with at least one triple carbon-carbon bond, the simplest example of which is ethyne.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 186 ], [ 187, 386 ], [ 387, 435 ], [ 436, 528 ], [ 529, 657 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Eugene {O\u2019Neill}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man collaborated with Donald Gallup on a play published in 1981, The Calms of Capricorn, and this man wrote a work entitled Chris Christofferson, which was later re-titled.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eugene_O'Neill", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8df", "qanta_id": 80100, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man collaborated with Donald Gallup on a play published in 1981, The Calms of Capricorn, and this man wrote a work entitled Chris Christofferson, which was later re-titled. In one of his plays, after the title character encounters the Formless Fears, he comes upon a Pullman porter who he'd earlier killed by a razor, Jeff, and later, he removes all of the outward trappings which distinguish him from the natives. In addition to The Great God Brown and The Emperor Jones, this man wrote a play in which the Mannon family's saga mirrors the Oresteia, and yet another in which Hickey Hickman persuades characters to temporarily abandon their pipe dreams in Harry Hope's bar. For ten points, identify this playwright of The Iceman Cometh and Mourning Becomes Electra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 419 ], [ 420, 678 ], [ 679, 770 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Neutrino}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The IceCube project in Antarctica is designed to detect these particles in the previously unexplored PeV energy region and is based on the earlier AMANDA project also located near the South Pole.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutrino", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8e1", "qanta_id": 80102, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The IceCube project in Antarctica is designed to detect these particles in the previously unexplored PeV energy region and is based on the earlier AMANDA project also located near the South Pole. The direct Urca process, described by George Gamow, is one the simplest interstellar processes which produce these particles, and it is currently unproven whether these particles are Majorana particles, serving as their own antiparticles. Work conducted at Super-Kamiokande provided evidence for flavor oscillation, which in turn proves that they have non-zero mass. For 10 points, name these extremely low- mass, uncharged leptons, which come in tau, mu, and electron varieties.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 434 ], [ 435, 562 ], [ 563, 675 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Pragmatism}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The founder of this term later added an \"i-c\" in the middle to make it \"ugly enough to be safe from kidnappers\" because he believed this ideal was being misrepresented in the media. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pragmatism", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8e7", "qanta_id": 80108, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The founder of this term later added an \"i-c\" in the middle to make it \"ugly enough to be safe from kidnappers\" because he believed this ideal was being misrepresented in the media. This term was supposedly first used at a meeting of the Metaphyscial Club, and modern proponents of this school include Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature author Richard Rorty. Its ideas were first written in its founder's paper, \"How To Make Our Ideas Clear,\" and another man associated with this school wrote Democracy and Education. For 10 points, name this school of philosophy, whose proponents included John Dewey and Charles Sanders Peirce, that titles a work by William James.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 183, 362 ], [ 362, 522 ], [ 522, 670 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Mass {Moment of inertia}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In its tensor form, this can be defined through a 3x3 matrix where its elements off of the principle diagonal are called \"products\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moment_of_inertia", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8eb", "qanta_id": 80112, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In its tensor form, this can be defined through a 3x3 matrix where its elements off of the principle diagonal are called \"products\". By putting the tensor into reduced row-echelon form, the principal type of this can be determined from the values of the principle diagonal. For the scalar form, the Huygens-Steiner theorem allows for it to be calculated for a rigid object with a displaced axis of rotation, and is also known as the parallel axis theorem. For 10 points, name this principle that was first defined by Euler in 1730, the rotational analog of mass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 273 ], [ 274, 455 ], [ 456, 562 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Sigmund {Freud} [or Sigismund Schlomo {Freud}]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author claimed that neurotics and primitive men benefited the most from animism in his essay \"Animism, Magic, and the Omnipotence of Thought.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sigmund_Freud", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a8f5", "qanta_id": 80122, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author claimed that neurotics and primitive men benefited the most from animism in his essay \"Animism, Magic, and the Omnipotence of Thought.\" He criticized Adler's \"masculine protest\" in his work On Narcissism, and claimed that Akhenaton was an ancestor of a Biblical figure in Moses and Monotheism. This author combined the \"Death instinct\" that he postulated in his Beyond the Pleasure Principle with the theories of his Totem and Taboo in the work Civilization and its Discontents. For 10 points, name this man who theorized the Electra and Oedipus complexes and wrote The Interpretation of Dreams.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 305 ], [ 306, 492 ], [ 492, 608 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Vladimir {Nabokov}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, Fyodor finds true love in Zina Mertz as he passionately criticizes the work of Nikolai Chernyshevski.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vladimir_Nabokov", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a908", "qanta_id": 80141, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's works, Fyodor finds true love in Zina Mertz as he passionately criticizes the work of Nikolai Chernyshevski. In addition to The Gift, he also wrote about a title character who meets his ex-wife's son Victor, and struggles to maintain a job as a professor of Waindell College. The narrator of one of his works writes a commentary of the titular poem and believes he is exiled king of Zembla, Charles Kinbote, and his most famous work is narrated by a scholar from a jail cell as he recounts his adventures with the titular nymphet. For 10 points, name this Russian born author of Pnin, Pale Fire, and Lolita.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 296 ], [ 297, 551 ], [ 552, 628 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Finn MacCool} or {Fionn mac Cumhaill}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This son of Muireann (mih-ran) Muncheam (mun-kham) once beheaded the demon Aillen mac Midna, who had previously raided Tara every Samhain (suh-vehn).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fionn_mac_Cumhaill", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a90e", "qanta_id": 80147, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This son of Muireann (mih-ran) Muncheam (mun-kham) once beheaded the demon Aillen mac Midna, who had previously raided Tara every Samhain (suh-vehn). For that act, Cormac mac Airt rewarded this man with a position previously held the man who killed this man's father had Cumhaill (cuh-vell), Goll mac Morna. He once threw the Isle of Man at a rival and also legendarily built the Giant's Causeway. He encountered a doe while hunting; that doe transformed into his wife Sadb (Sad-dub), who eventually gave birth to his son Oisin. While apprenticed to Finnegas, this character burned his thumb on a creature who'd previously lived in the Boyne. For 10 points, identify this mythical Irish hunter-warrior who led the Fianna and caught the Salmon of Knowledge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 307 ], [ 308, 397 ], [ 398, 528 ], [ 529, 642 ], [ 643, 756 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Auguste {Rodin} [accept Camille {Claudel} before \u201cthis man\u201d]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The sculptures Wave and The Age of Maturity were produced by this man's student and lover Camille Claudel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a91b", "qanta_id": 80160, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The sculptures Wave and The Age of Maturity were produced by this man's student and lover Camille Claudel. Other works by him include one in which a wounded soldier slumps against the shrieking winged spirit of war, The Call To Arms, and a highly criticized one which depicted an author wrapped in a robe, Honore de Balzac. Another work, inspired by Michelangelo's Dying Slave, drew accusations that this man cast it from a living model. In addition to The Age of Bronze, he memorialized a siege of the Hundred Years' War in The Burghers of Calais. For 10 points, identify this sculptor, whose never-used Gates of Hell were to have contained The Kiss and The Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 323 ], [ 324, 437 ], [ 438, 548 ], [ 549, 667 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Kenzaburo {Oe}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this man's works describes a composer who frequently meets the titular being after his child's death, while another of his works describes a patient suffering from cancer who is fascinated with chrysanthemums.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenzabur\u014d_\u014ce", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a91f", "qanta_id": 80164, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's works describes a composer who frequently meets the titular being after his child's death, while another of his works describes a patient suffering from cancer who is fascinated with chrysanthemums. In addition to \"Aghwee the Sky Monster\" and \"The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away,\" he also wrote about a boy who helps an African American POW that parachuted into his village. This story, The Catch, won him the Akutagawa Award. He also wrote about Mitsuhiro and Takashi's adventures in the town of Okubo, while his later stories parallel the relationship between him and his autistic son, Hikari. For ten points, name this author of Nip the Bud, Shoot the Kids, The Silent Cry, and A Personal Matter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 217, 269 ], [ 270, 280 ], [ 281, 305 ], [ 305, 401 ], [ 402, 453 ], [ 454, 622 ], [ 623, 726 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "the {moon}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Vedic god Soma represented it, and in Hindu myth the god associated with it presides over Rohini and Shravana.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moon", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a932", "qanta_id": 80183, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Vedic god Soma represented it, and in Hindu myth the god associated with it presides over Rohini and Shravana. In Aztec myth, it was formed after the head of Coyolxauhqui was cut off by Huitzilopochtli. The Mesopotamian representation of it was the husband of Ningal, and was born to Enlil and Ninlil, and is called Nanna or Sin. In Norse myth, Hati chases Mani, who is the god of this entity, while the Mayan goddess representing it sometimes holds a rabbit in her hands. For 10 points, identify this entity represented by Selene for the Greeks and Luna for the Romans.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 206 ], [ 207, 333 ], [ 334, 476 ], [ 477, 574 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{auxins}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The TIR1 protein binds to the SCF complex and is then headed for degradation after binding to these entities.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auxin", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a935", "qanta_id": 80186, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The TIR1 protein binds to the SCF complex and is then headed for degradation after binding to these entities. PGP and PIN are proteins involved in the transport of these molecules. Their transport also involves a decrease in the pH of the cell, which induces the activation of expansins. Excess concentration of these molecules can induce Ethylene synthesis, which causes leaf abscission. Indole-3-acetic acid is an important member of this class of molecules, which play a significant role in apical dominance. For 10 points, identify these plant hormones which are best known for their influence in phototropism and geotropism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 180 ], [ 181, 287 ], [ 288, 388 ], [ 389, 511 ], [ 512, 629 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Gaius {Julius Caesar}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man supported Caecilius Metellus' controversial legislation for which he was suspended.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Julius_Caesar", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a936", "qanta_id": 80187, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man supported Caecilius Metellus' controversial legislation for which he was suspended. Earlier, he quit from the office of flamen Dialis when he was exiled by Sulla, and he ran for the office of Pontifex Maximus in opposition to Quintus Catulus. While sailing to Rhodes he was captured by pirates whom he later crucified, and he allegedly had a homosexual relationship with Nicomedes IV of Bithynia. He was the victor at Pharsalus, and he defeated Vercingetorix in Alesia, which is recounted in his Commentaries on the Gallic Wars. For 10 points, identify this man who crossed the Rubicon and was murdered by Brutus on the Ides of March.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 251 ], [ 252, 405 ], [ 406, 537 ], [ 538, 643 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "War of {Spanish Succession}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this conflict's initial battles Catinat and Villeroi were defeated at Carpi and Chiari in northern Italy, while the attempt to seize a treasure ship resulted in a victory for George Rooke at Vigo Bay.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a939", "qanta_id": 80190, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this conflict's initial battles Catinat and Villeroi were defeated at Carpi and Chiari in northern Italy, while the attempt to seize a treasure ship resulted in a victory for George Rooke at Vigo Bay. This war began when the Second Partition treaty was broken when the United Provinces were attacked. Other battles in this conflict include one in which Marshall Villars clashed with Eugene of Savoy at Malplaquet, and Marlborough aided Prince Leopold's armies against Louis XIV at Blenheim. Its American phase is known as Queen Anne's War. For 10 points, identify this war which resulted from a Bourbon king taking power in a certain European nation, ended by the 1713 treaty of Utrecht.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 203 ], [ 204, 303 ], [ 304, 493 ], [ 494, 542 ], [ 543, 690 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Pakistan}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The city of Gwadar in this country was an exclave of Oman until 1958 and the language isolate of Burushaski is spoken in the northern valleys of Yasin, Nagar, and Hunza.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pakistan", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a96a", "qanta_id": 80239, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The city of Gwadar in this country was an exclave of Oman until 1958 and the language isolate of Burushaski is spoken in the northern valleys of Yasin, Nagar, and Hunza. Other former princely states here include Swat, and the ruins of Taxila were once an important trading center. Modern day cities include Chitral and Gilgit, bases for a current search, and Quetta (kwe-tuh) and Multan. The Sahiwal district recently refused to allow an amusement park to be built on the ruins of Harappa. With former capitals including Rawalpindi and Karachi, FTP, name this South Asian country led by Pervez Musharraf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 280 ], [ 281, 387 ], [ 388, 489 ], [ 490, 604 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Arthur {Miller}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This playwright wrote a play detailing the selling of Victor and Walter Franz's dead parents' furniture to Gregory Solomon called The Price.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arthur_Miller", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a980", "qanta_id": 80261, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This playwright wrote a play detailing the selling of Victor and Walter Franz's dead parents' furniture to Gregory Solomon called The Price. This author's autobiography Timebends details his three marriages, the last of which is to Inge Morath, but he's more famous for a play about an event where Prince Von Berg gives up his white card to free Leduc from a Nazi interrogation camp, the title Incident at Vichy. He is more famous still for a play in which Steve Deever takes the blame for his partner's faulty cylinder heads, which leads to 21 pilots' deaths caused by Joe Keller, All My Sons. For 10 points, name this American playwright, best known for writing about John Proctor and Willy Loman in, respectively, The Crucible and Death of a Salesman.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 412 ], [ 413, 594 ], [ 595, 754 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Zen} Buddhism [or {Chan} Buddhism; prompt on \"Buddhism\"]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The texts known as the \"Transmissions of the Lamp\" or \"Flame Records\" refer to the lineages of practitioners of this faith, which cite Maha Kashyapa, who understood the significance of a flower on Vulture Peak, as the first adherent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zen", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a98c", "qanta_id": 80273, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The texts known as the \"Transmissions of the Lamp\" or \"Flame Records\" refer to the lineages of practitioners of this faith, which cite Maha Kashyapa, who understood the significance of a flower on Vulture Peak, as the first adherent. The Five Mountain temples associated with this religion are also associated with the spread of Neo-Confucian metaphysics, while the teachings of Eisai, which sought to reform Tendai practice, were banned. Bodhidharma is credited with bringing it to China, from where it was brought to the country it is most associated with by Saicho and Dogen. For 10 points, name this sect of Buddhism, most associated with Japan and the use of meditational riddles, koans.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 233 ], [ 234, 438 ], [ 439, 578 ], [ 579, 692 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Jean {Sibelius}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Strings and a bassoon arpeggio open this composer's Op. 53a, which ends abruptly and violently, presumably with the death of one title figure, Pan and Echo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Sibelius", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a98f", "qanta_id": 80276, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Strings and a bassoon arpeggio open this composer's Op. 53a, which ends abruptly and violently, presumably with the death of one title figure, Pan and Echo. Surusoitto, or Funeral Music, composed in 1931 is thought to be one of the few links to his destroyed Eighth Symphony, which was to follow his Seventh in C Major, which uniquely has a single movement and was originally called a \"fantasia sinfonica\". One of his most famous pieces is the third movement of a suite of Four Legends of Lemmink\u00e4inen, while another was written as a rousing call for his nation's independence. For 10 points, name this composer, best known for the tone and symphonic poems The Swan of Tuonela and Finlandia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 406 ], [ 407, 577 ], [ 578, 691 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Chronicle of a Death Foretold} [or {Chronica de una muerte annunciada}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this work keeps his guns and ammunition widely separated after a servant accidentally caused a pistol to go off while shaking out a pillow.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chronicle_of_a_Death_Foretold", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a990", "qanta_id": 80277, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work keeps his guns and ammunition widely separated after a servant accidentally caused a pistol to go off while shaking out a pillow. The nun Margot provides the protagonist with news of a woman who moved to Guajira, where she is eventually reunited with her love, who comes to her with a suitcase full of her unopened love letters. That character, Bayardo San Roman, had previously returned Angela to her family on their wedding night, causing her brothers Pedro and Pablo to murder Santiago Nasar the next morning. For 10 points, name this novel, whose title killing is known ahead of time but not stopped, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 355 ], [ 356, 539 ], [ 540, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Constantin {Brancusi} (brin-coosh)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The bare head of a young person, possibly a child, droops the back and right in this artist's bust Suffering, while this artist's The Prayer presents a dark woman, with a featureless face, leaning far forward.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a99c", "qanta_id": 80289, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The bare head of a young person, possibly a child, droops the back and right in this artist's bust Suffering, while this artist's The Prayer presents a dark woman, with a featureless face, leaning far forward. He executed several versions of La N\u00e9gresse Blonde, and many of his works feature carefully carved, wooden bases, which he felt was important to their presentation. The Gate of the Kiss was constructed as a memorial to soldiers of World War I along with the more famous Table of Silence and Infinite Column. More famous works include a head laying on its side, Sleeping Muse, and the series The Kiss. FTP, name this Romanian artist best known for his series of sculptures Bird in Space.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 374 ], [ 375, 517 ], [ 518, 610 ], [ 611, 696 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament (MUT)", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "\"{Dover Beach}\"", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It describes the \"eternal note of sadness\" and that \"Sophocles long ago /", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dover_Beach", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a9a0", "qanta_id": 80293, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It describes the \"eternal note of sadness\" and that \"Sophocles long ago / Heard it on the \u00c6gean.\" While the Sea of Faith was once everywhere, one can now only hear its \"melancholy, one, withdrawing roar.\" It is what you hear if you would come to the window when \"The sea is calm to-night./ The tide is full, the moon lies fair / Upon the straights....\" For ten points, name this poem by Matthew Arnold.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 96 ], [ 96, 203 ], [ 203, 289 ], [ 290, 328 ], [ 329, 351 ], [ 351, 402 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Heimdall}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He was responsible for the existence of slaves, peasants, and nobility, causing the births of the progenitors of each class by visiting in turn three houses while disguised as Rig.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heimdallr", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551a9cd", "qanta_id": 80338, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was responsible for the existence of slaves, peasants, and nobility, causing the births of the progenitors of each class by visiting in turn three houses while disguised as Rig. Gifted with great senses of hearing and sight, he slept less than a bird as he was required to stay alert. For ten points, name this guardian of the bridge Bifrost who will blow his horn at Ragnarok.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 287 ], [ 288, 380 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Isis}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "She tried to acquire a magical tree by becoming the nurse for the queen's son, and each night she placed the boy in the fire of immortality, but the queen panicked and the child remained mortal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isis", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551aa04", "qanta_id": 80393, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "She tried to acquire a magical tree by becoming the nurse for the queen's son, and each night she placed the boy in the fire of immortality, but the queen panicked and the child remained mortal. Still, this goddess acquired the tree, which grew from the coffin of her husband. For ten points, name this goddess who was able to reanimate her brother and consort, Osiris.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 276 ], [ 277, 369 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Achille Claude {Debussy}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In his work, this composer formulated the \"21 note scale\" designed to \"drown\" the sense of tonality, though this system was never adhered to in the inflexible manner of Schoenberg's 12-tone system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551aa0a", "qanta_id": 80399, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In his work, this composer formulated the \"21 note scale\" designed to \"drown\" the sense of tonality, though this system was never adhered to in the inflexible manner of Schoenberg's 12-tone system. In 1873, he entered the Paris Conservatory, and eventually won the Grand Prix de Rome with his cantata L'Enfant Prodigue. _FOR 10 POINTS_\\--name this French composer better known for Suite Bergamesque, La Mer, and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 319 ], [ 320, 447 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Sophocles}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He was famous for a ball-juggling act that he performed in the play Nausicaa but his relatively weak voice caused him to leave acting and concentrate on writing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sophocles", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551aa38", "qanta_id": 80444, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He was famous for a ball-juggling act that he performed in the play Nausicaa but his relatively weak voice caused him to leave acting and concentrate on writing. Among his characters are Deianira, the wife of Heracles in The Women of Trachis and the loyal slave Tecmessa in Ajax. _FOR 10 POINTS\u2014_name this Greek playwright who capped off a trilogy with Antigone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 279 ], [ 280, 362 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{David}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Currently housed in the Museo Nationale del Bargello in Florence, it was the first major large free\u2011standing nude since classical antiquity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551aa4f", "qanta_id": 80467, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Currently housed in the Museo Nationale del Bargello in Florence, it was the first major large free\u2011standing nude since classical antiquity. This piece actually does wear one article of clothing: a helmet. In his right hand, he holds a sword, and his left foot rests atop the head of a vanquished foe. For ten points, this is Donatello's 1445 treatment of what Biblical hero?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 205 ], [ 206, 301 ], [ 302, 375 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "Les {Fleurs du mal} or The {Flowers of Evil}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It wasn't until the second edition of 1861 that this work included the section entitled Tableux parisiens.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Les_Fleurs_du_mal", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551aac1", "qanta_id": 80581, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It wasn't until the second edition of 1861 that this work included the section entitled Tableux parisiens. The final sections are R\u00e9volte and La Mort, in which the poet longs for death. It has a theme of man's conflict between the spleen and id\u00e9al, good and evil. For ten points, name this work, deemed immoral by the French government, written by Baudelaire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 185 ], [ 186, 263 ], [ 264, 359 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2001 }, { "answer": "{Argentina}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "take Ahi or Vritra/Vrita) One writer from this country wrote about \"the Sorceror\" who calls his third testicle his sister Estrella in the novel The Lizard's Tale.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Argentina", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ab20", "qanta_id": 80676, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "take Ahi or Vritra/Vrita) One writer from this country wrote about \"the Sorceror\" who calls his third testicle his sister Estrella in the novel The Lizard's Tale. Another writer from here wrote about anti-hero Remo Erdosain, who gets caught up with a man known as The Astrologer, in the novel The Seven Madmen. In addition to Luisa Valenzuela and Roberto Arlt, another writer of this nation wrote the novel The Angel of Darkness and told of surrealist painter Juan Pablo Castel who murders his beloved Maria Iribarne in the novel El T\u00fanel. Another novel from this nation centers around a man who gives the name Faustine to a woman who speaks of Canada, only to discover that the two suns and two moons he observes on the supposed island of Villings are the result of twin realities. In addition to Ernesto Sabato and Adolfo Bioy Casares, another writer from here tells of a man who travels with Sergeant Cruz and battles a black payador. FTP, name this birthplace of the author of Martin Fierro and the author of \"The Garden of Forking Paths.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 311 ], [ 312, 540 ], [ 541, 783 ], [ 784, 938 ], [ 939, 1044 ] ], "tournament": "FIST", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Winston {Churchill}", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In 2010 this man scored an unlikely UK chart hit with a collection entitled Reach to the Skies. \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Winston_Churchill", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ac1a", "qanta_id": 80926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 2010 this man scored an unlikely UK chart hit with a collection entitled Reach to the Skies. \"Supper's Ready\" by the band Genesis mentions this man \"dressed in drag\", while \"Black Dog on my Shoulder\" by the Manic Street Preachers asks this man \"Can you hear my voice?\". David Bowie's \"Quicksand\" includes the line \"I'm the twisted name on Garbo's eyes/ living proof of [this man]'s lies\", and Bob Hoskins played this man alongside costars Michael Caine and John Lithgow in a 1994 TV Movie subtitled When Lions Roared. He was portrayed by Ian McNeice in a Dr. Who episode where he serves as Holy Roman Emperor in a world where all of Earth history runs simultaneously, and another where he accidentally uses Daleks to improve aviation technology. Iron Maiden's \"Aces High\" opens with an excerpt from one of this man's speeches. For 10 points, identify this historical figure who backed the Gallipoli campaign and led his nation during the Second World War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 97, 272 ], [ 273, 318 ], [ 318, 520 ], [ 521, 561 ], [ 562, 748 ], [ 749, 829 ], [ 830, 958 ] ], "tournament": "3M: Chicago Open History", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{Los Angeles}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This city's \"swimming pool case\" featured Betty Hill lobbying against a city policy restricting black usage of a park pool only on \"colored\" days.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Los_Angeles", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ac5b", "qanta_id": 80991, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This city's \"swimming pool case\" featured Betty Hill lobbying against a city policy restricting black usage of a park pool only on \"colored\" days. This city's \"Red Squad\" beat up labor organizer Karl Yoneda several times, and in 1997 undercover cop Frank Lyga shot another cop in self-defense here during a road rage incident. William Seymour and Charles Parham started a movement here described with the headline \"Weird Babel of Tongues.\" For many years, this city was controlled by Harrison Gray Otis, who was opposed by labor activists J.J. and J.B. McNamara. This city was home to the Azusa Street Revival, which helped spread Pentecostalism. Under the supervision of Chief Engineer William Mulholland and using water taken from the Owens River, this city constructed a namesake aqueduct in the 1910's. For 10 points, what is this southern California city that contains the San Fernando Valley?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 326 ], [ 327, 439 ], [ 440, 562 ], [ 563, 646 ], [ 647, 806 ], [ 807, 898 ] ], "tournament": "3M: Chicago Open History", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "George {Washington} [accept \u201cKing {Washington}\u201d]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One ship in this man's fleet is rammed and destroyed by the Robert-Faulkner-commanded Aquila.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ac5e", "qanta_id": 80994, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ship in this man's fleet is rammed and destroyed by the Robert-Faulkner-commanded Aquila. In one battle, this figure is surrounded by increasing numbers of golden energy balls, and defeating him requires using Wolf Cloak, Bear Might, and Eagle Flight; after that battle, he is killed by smashing the ceiling of a pyramid while standing on it. This man experienced a vision in which he launches a retaliatory strike after Ziio attempts to steal his scepter; this occurs after he touches a First Civilization artifact called the (*) Apple of Eden. In one battle, this man shot the horse of the Templar Haytham Kenway out from under him. This man was responsible for ordering the massacre of the tribe of Ratonhnhak\u00e9:ton (Ra-doh-han-gay-don), a.k.a. Connor, a few years after his expedition to Fort Duquesne with Edward Braddock. For 10 points, name this historical figure, who in an alternative timeline presented in Assassins Creed III becomes a tyrannical king after winning the Revolutionary War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 346 ], [ 347, 549 ], [ 550, 638 ], [ 639, 750 ], [ 751, 830 ], [ 831, 1001 ] ], "tournament": "3M: Chicago Open History", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{Poland} [prompt on \u201cPoland-Lithuania\u201d until mention of Lithuania]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One king of this country created a law code that protected Jews and stopped the expansion of the Teutonic Knights; that ruler was named Ladislaw the Elbow-High and belonged to the Piast Dynasty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poland", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ac95", "qanta_id": 81049, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One king of this country created a law code that protected Jews and stopped the expansion of the Teutonic Knights; that ruler was named Ladislaw the Elbow-High and belonged to the Piast Dynasty. An assembly called the Sejm (same) ruled this country after it was unified with Lithuania in the Union of Lublin. This country's king Jan Sobieski broke the Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1683, and later in this nation's history, the Solidarity union would form under the leadership of Lech Walesa. For 10 points, name this country that suffered three partitions in the late 18th century.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 308 ], [ 309, 489 ], [ 490, 579 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Alfred, Lord {Tennyson}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Aldous Huxley's After Many a Summer Dies the Swan takes its title from the fourth line of a poem by this man, where a man weary of his immortality yearns for death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ac97", "qanta_id": 81051, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Aldous Huxley's After Many a Summer Dies the Swan takes its title from the fourth line of a poem by this man, where a man weary of his immortality yearns for death. In addition to \"Tithonus\", this man wrote of returning to the boundless deep of the ocean after death, but only after he performs the title action. One of his most famous works takes place during the Crimean War, where \"Into the valley of Death / rode the six hundred.\" For 10 points, name this Poet Laureate who wrote the poems \"Crossing the Bar\" and \"Charge of the Light Brigade.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 312 ], [ 313, 434 ], [ 435, 547 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{mass} [do not accept \u201crequiem\u201d]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Leos Janacek wrote one of these works based off a glagolitic text.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mass", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ac98", "qanta_id": 81052, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Leos Janacek wrote one of these works based off a glagolitic text. Haydn wrote one of this type of work in D minor that was attended by and nicknamed after Admiral Lord Nelson. Another of this type of work by Palestrina was named after Pope Marcellus. A famous example of this type of composition written by Johann Sebastian Bach and is in B minor. Works of this type contain sections including a Kyrie, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei. For 10 points, name this type of choral composition, which sets the liturgy to music.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 66 ], [ 67, 176 ], [ 177, 251 ], [ 252, 348 ], [ 349, 427 ], [ 428, 513 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "George Frideric {Handel}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The third act of this composer's oratorio Solomon begins with the orchestra playing the \"Arrival of the Queen of Sheba.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551aca2", "qanta_id": 81062, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The third act of this composer's oratorio Solomon begins with the orchestra playing the \"Arrival of the Queen of Sheba.\" This composer wrote several coronation anthems for George II, which included \"Zadok the Priest.\" \"La Rejouissance\" is a movement in a work by this man that celebrates the end of a war. Another orchestral work by this composer includes the \"Alla Hornpipe\" and was likely written for river festivities. For 10 points, name the composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music, who included the \"Hallelujah Chorus\" in his Messiah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 119, 217 ], [ 218, 305 ], [ 306, 421 ], [ 422, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{William the Conqueror} [or {William I} or {William the Norman} or", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One attempt on the life of this son of Robert the Devil was foiled when the would-be assassin stabbed a child sleeping next to this man by accident, and this man put down an insurrection against his rule at the Battle of Val-es- Dunes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_the_Conqueror", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551aca5", "qanta_id": 81065, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One attempt on the life of this son of Robert the Devil was foiled when the would-be assassin stabbed a child sleeping next to this man by accident, and this man put down an insurrection against his rule at the Battle of Val-es- Dunes. This man ordered the Harrying of the North, which devastated Northumbria and he was often aided by his half-brothers Odo and Robert. This man's greatest victory is depicted on the Bayoux Tapestry and was preceded by the Battle of Stamford Bridge. That battle saw this man defeat Harold Godwinson for control of a kingdom which this man issued the Domesday Book for. For 10 points, name this victor at the Battle of Hastings, the first Norman king of England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 235 ], [ 236, 368 ], [ 369, 482 ], [ 483, 601 ], [ 602, 694 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Giuseppe {Verdi}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer included \"Va, pensiero,\" also known as the Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves, in first major opera Nabucco.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Verdi", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551acb2", "qanta_id": 81078, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer included \"Va, pensiero,\" also known as the Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves, in first major opera Nabucco. Another of this composer's operas describes Di Luna's persecution of Manrico and contains the \"Anvil Chorus.\" This composer also wrote an opera that features the aria \"La donna e mobile.\" This Italian composer of Il Trovatore is also known for a work in which the title Ethiopian princess joins her lover Radames in getting buried alive. For 10 points, name this 19th century composer, best known for such operas such as Rigoletto and Aida.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 225 ], [ 226, 302 ], [ 302, 303 ], [ 304, 453 ], [ 454, 556 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Islamic Republic of {Iran}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Following this nation's leader's decision to nationalize the oil industry, that man, Mohommad Mossadegh was overthrown in Operation Ajax.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iran", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551acb3", "qanta_id": 81079, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Following this nation's leader's decision to nationalize the oil industry, that man, Mohommad Mossadegh was overthrown in Operation Ajax. Operation Eagle Claw was one attempt to rescue people imprisoned in this country, which was once ruled by the Pahlavi Dynasty. This Shi'a-dominated country suffered poison gas attacks during a war with its Sunni neighbor, Iraq, following the overthrow of the Shah by the Ayatollah Khomeini in this country. For 10 points, name this Middle Eastern country, the namesake of a crisis in which US Embassy workers in the capital of Tehran were taken hostage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 264 ], [ 265, 444 ], [ 445, 591 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Thor}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While in the land of giants, this deity once failed to lift a cat in a feat of strength and lost a wrestling match against an old woman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551acbb", "qanta_id": 81087, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "While in the land of giants, this deity once failed to lift a cat in a feat of strength and lost a wrestling match against an old woman. This god disguises himself as Freya and pretends to marry a giant to retrieve a stolen possession. This deity's chariot is pulled by two goats that he regularly eats and resurrects. This deity and the world serpent J\u00f6rmungandr are fated to kill each other during the events of Ragnarok. In addition to his belt and iron gloves, he wields a hammer that returns to its owner after being thrown, Mjolnir. For 10 points, name the Norse god of thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 235 ], [ 236, 318 ], [ 319, 423 ], [ 424, 538 ], [ 539, 584 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Andrew {Jackson}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Before becoming president, this man had started a diplomatic crisis when he tried and executed the British subjects Robert Ambrister and Alexander Arbuthnot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Andrew_Jackson", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551acc0", "qanta_id": 81092, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Before becoming president, this man had started a diplomatic crisis when he tried and executed the British subjects Robert Ambrister and Alexander Arbuthnot. As president, this man had employed Roger Taney to help him dismantle an institution run by Nicholas Biddle. In addition to facing off with the Second Bank of the United States, this man also passed the Indian Removal Act, which forced the Cherokee to undergo the Trail of Tears. Victim of the \"Corrupt Bargain\" of 1824, for 10 points, name this man nicknamed \"Old Hickory,\" the 7th President of the United States.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 266 ], [ 267, 437 ], [ 438, 572 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Pyotr Ilyich {Tchaikovsky}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this composer's virtuosic pieces is a work for solo cello titled Rococo Variations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551accc", "qanta_id": 81104, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this composer's virtuosic pieces is a work for solo cello titled Rococo Variations. His fourth symphony has a movement where the strings play entirely in pizzicato, and is followed by his Manfred Symphony. Though not a member of The Five, one of this composer's works was commissioned to commemorate Russia successfully rebuffing an invasion by Napoleon and includes cannon fire as part of the score. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the 1812 Overture as well as the ballets Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 212 ], [ 213, 407 ], [ 408, 523 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Vishnu}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Followers who worship this deity as the supreme being are known as the Vaishnava.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vishnu", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551acd8", "qanta_id": 81116, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Followers who worship this deity as the supreme being are known as the Vaishnava. He is frequently shown holding a conch, discus, club, and a lotus. In one form, he had to rescue his wife Sita who was kidnapped by Ravana, and in another, he rescued Rukmini from an unwanted marriage. Sita and Rukmini are both considered to be avatars of Lakshmi, the consort of this deity, whose own avatars include Rama and Krishna. For 10 points, name this Hindu god, the preserver god of the trimurti.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 148 ], [ 149, 283 ], [ 284, 417 ], [ 418, 488 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{World War I} [or The {Great War}; or The {War to End All Wars}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This conflict is the basis for the novel The Road Back, a sequel to another novel set during this conflict which centers on one of the students of Kantorek.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "World_War_I", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551acdd", "qanta_id": 81121, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This conflict is the basis for the novel The Road Back, a sequel to another novel set during this conflict which centers on one of the students of Kantorek. One poem written about this conflict exclaims \"Gas! Gas! Quick Boys!\", while another poem about this war describes the place where poppies blow, between the crosses, row on row, in Flanders, Belgium. The author of \"Dulce et Decorum Est,\" Wilfred Owen, died during, for 10 points, what global conflict which was most famously depicted through the eyes of Paul Baumer in All Quiet on the Western Front?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 208 ], [ 209, 213 ], [ 214, 356 ], [ 357, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "John R. Hicks' IS/LM model was inspired by this man's ideas on macroeconomic theory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ace6", "qanta_id": 81130, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "John R. Hicks' IS/LM model was inspired by this man's ideas on macroeconomic theory. He argued against returning to the gold standard after World War I, but Churchill did so anyway, depressing British industry. In The Economic Consequences of the Peace, he correctly predicted that the Treaty of Versailles would lead to a German economic collapse. For 10 points, name the economist who influenced world policy for decades with his magnum opus, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 210 ], [ 211, 348 ], [ 349, 499 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Macbeth}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Defeating the armies of Norway and Ireland earned this man the titles Thane of Glamis and Cawdor, but, unsatisfied with his position, murdered the king and took power.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Macbeth", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551acec", "qanta_id": 81136, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Defeating the armies of Norway and Ireland earned this man the titles Thane of Glamis and Cawdor, but, unsatisfied with his position, murdered the king and took power. When a former friend threatens his lineage, this man orders that he and his son Fleance be killed. His murders, driven by either his wife's ambition or the witches' prophecies, are avenged after Banquo's ghost haunts him at a dinner party, and when he is beheaded by Macduff. For 10 points, name this tragedy by Shakespeare about a Scottish king.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 266 ], [ 267, 443 ], [ 444, 514 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{piano}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Composers who wrote studies for this instrument include Carl Czerny and Muzio Clementi.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Piano", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551acf4", "qanta_id": 81144, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Composers who wrote studies for this instrument include Carl Czerny and Muzio Clementi. The only piece in Carnival of the Animals not describing animals instead depicts two people playing scales on this instrument. John Cage inserted various objects to produce the \"prepared\" type of this instrument. Four concertos were written for this instrument by Sergei Rachmaninoff. Among the many works for this instrument by Frederic Chopin are his Funeral March and \"Black Key\" Etude. For 10 points, name this keyboard instrument with 88 keys.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 214 ], [ 215, 300 ], [ 301, 374 ], [ 374, 478 ], [ 479, 537 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Donatello}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This sculptor's works include a plate known as the Chellini Madonna and a wooden statue of Mary Magdalene.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Donatello", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551acfb", "qanta_id": 81151, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This sculptor's works include a plate known as the Chellini Madonna and a wooden statue of Mary Magdalene. One of this man's equestrian statues depicts Erasmo di Narni. In addition to the Gattamelata, this man created several works for the Orsanmichele, including his statue of St. Mark. In this man's most famous sculpture, a naked youth wearing only a laurel hat and boots puts his foot over the decapitated head of Goliath. For 10 points, name the Italian Renaissance sculptor of the bronze David.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 168 ], [ 169, 287 ], [ 288, 426 ], [ 427, 500 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Hermes}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity had a son with the nymph Dryope, who was scared off by that son's goat-like appearance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermes", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ad0a", "qanta_id": 81166, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity had a son with the nymph Dryope, who was scared off by that son's goat-like appearance. Another son of this god became physically merged with Salmacis. This son of Maia and father of Pan stole the cattle of Apollo and used the shell of a tortoise to invent the lyre, which Apollo traded his cattle to obtain. This god also informed Odysseus of Circe's plot to turn him into a pig and gave him a herb to resist her magic. This god's possessions included winged sandals and a winged cap. For 10 points, name the messenger of the Greek gods.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 162 ], [ 163, 319 ], [ 320, 431 ], [ 432, 496 ], [ 497, 549 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Venus}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The alpha regio is an area of plateau-like highlands on this planet, whose highest peak is at Maxwell Montes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venus", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ad0c", "qanta_id": 81168, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The alpha regio is an area of plateau-like highlands on this planet, whose highest peak is at Maxwell Montes. The Magellan probe mapped the surface of this planet. This planet has a day lasting longer than its year due to retrograde rotation. This planet has a dense atmosphere mostly made of carbon dioxide, which creates a strong greenhouse effect that makes the planet the hottest in the solar system. For 10 points, name this \"sister planet\" of Earth, the second-closest to the sun and named after the Roman goddess of love.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 163 ], [ 164, 242 ], [ 243, 404 ], [ 405, 528 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Cuba}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's independence movement was opposed by men such as \"Butcher\" Weyler and included the Ten Years War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cuba", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ad1d", "qanta_id": 81185, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's independence movement was opposed by men such as \"Butcher\" Weyler and included the Ten Years War. One leader of this country gave the \"history will absolve me\" speech following a failed uprising against a dictator of this country, and overthrew that dictator, Fulgencio Batista, after a lengthy guerilla campaign. The poet Jose Marti died fighting for the independence of this country, which saw the Battle of San Juan Hill as well as the site of the sinking of the USS Maine. For 10 points, name this Caribbean country which became communist under Fidel Castro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 328 ], [ 329, 491 ], [ 492, 577 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Johannes {Brahms}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's Symphony No. 4 in E minor contains a chaconne, while his first symphony was dubbed \"Beethoven's Tenth\" by critic Hans von Bulow..", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Brahms", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ad1f", "qanta_id": 81187, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's Symphony No. 4 in E minor contains a chaconne, while his first symphony was dubbed \"Beethoven's Tenth\" by critic Hans von Bulow.. This composer wrote the Tragic Overture as a companion piece to a work that contains drinking songs and was written to celebrate his degree from the University of Breslau, the Academic Festival Overture. Another of this composer's works uses text from the Lutheran Bible. For 10 points, name the composer of A German Requiem who also wrote a famous lullaby.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 349 ], [ 350, 417 ], [ 418, 503 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Japan}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote a short story in which a man steals the robe of an old woman, claiming he needed to do so in order to survive.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ad39", "qanta_id": 81213, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author from this country wrote a short story in which a man steals the robe of an old woman, claiming he needed to do so in order to survive. Another author from this country wrote a novel in which a group of boys are abandoned in a plague-stricken village. Yet another author from this country wrote the Sea of Fertility tetralogy and described the burning of the Temple of the Golden Pavilion in another novel. For 10 points, name this Asian country, the home of the authors Kenzaburo Oe and Yukio Mishima.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 261 ], [ 262, 416 ], [ 417, 512 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Ethiopia}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One leader of this country founded a communist regime known as the Derg and engaged this country in the Ogaden War; that man was Mengistu.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethiopia", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ad49", "qanta_id": 81229, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One leader of this country founded a communist regime known as the Derg and engaged this country in the Ogaden War; that man was Mengistu. Under the rule of Menelik II, this country won the battle of Adowa against a country that would conquer this nation in 1935 using tanks and poison gas. It was ruled by Haile Selassie during and after its conquest by the Italians. For 10 points, name this East African country which fought a war against the breakaway state of Eritrea in 1991, a nation with capital at Addis Ababa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 290 ], [ 291, 368 ], [ 369, 519 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Rudyard {Kipling}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this author encourages Europeans to colonize and rule over the rest of the world as their duty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rudyard_Kipling", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ad4c", "qanta_id": 81232, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this author encourages Europeans to colonize and rule over the rest of the world as their duty. In addition to \"The White Man's Burden,\" another work by this man encourages the reader on the premise that if he can do many things, \"Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,/ And \u2013 which is more \u2013 you'll be a Man, my son!\" He also wrote an anthology of stories that include \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\" and three surrounding the man-cub Mowgli. For 10 points, name this man who authored such works as the poem \"If--\" and The Jungle Book.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 291 ], [ 292, 339 ], [ 340, 451 ], [ 452, 544 ] ], "tournament": "Fall Kickoff Tournament (FKT)", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Sergey Sergeyevich {Prokofiev}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This twentieth-century composer's ballets include Romeo and Juliet and Cinderella.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ad6b", "qanta_id": 81263, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This twentieth-century composer's ballets include Romeo and Juliet and Cinderella. He became prominent with the Scythian Suite for piano and his first symphony, nicknamed the \"Classical.\" While The Fiery Angel may be his greatest opera, War and Peace is his most ambitious. For 10 points\u2014name this Russian composer of Love for Three Oranges.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 187 ], [ 188, 273 ], [ 274, 341 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{Meiji }Restoration [accept {Meiji} Revolution, {Meiji} Period, etc]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It included moving the capital to Edo, the establishment of a national bank, introduction of a Diet on the German model, and the use of Western engineering.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Meiji_Restoration", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551adaa", "qanta_id": 81326, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It included moving the capital to Edo, the establishment of a national bank, introduction of a Diet on the German model, and the use of Western engineering. It began in 1868 with the accession of Mutsuhito. For 10 points\u2014name this period which ended the Tokugawa shogunate and modernized Japan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 206 ], [ 207, 294 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Pierre Auguste {Renoir}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His initial work as a painter in a porcelain factory helped him gain experience with light, fresh colors that distinguished his work as an Impressionist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pierre-Auguste_Renoir", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551addd", "qanta_id": 81376, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His initial work as a painter in a porcelain factory helped him gain experience with light, fresh colors that distinguished his work as an Impressionist. His 1869 La Grenouilli\u00e8re is considered a classic early statement of the Impressionistic style, but by 1882, he felt he needed a greater sense of solidarity in his work, as seen in The Umbrellas. For 10 points\u2014name this French painter of The Luncheon of the Boating Party.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 349 ], [ 350, 426 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{David}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One wing of the enemy's helmet remains stiff and metallic, while the other reaches up to caress the leg of the hero.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ade9", "qanta_id": 81388, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One wing of the enemy's helmet remains stiff and metallic, while the other reaches up to caress the leg of the hero. The hero wears nothing but a pair of boots and a hat crowned with laurel and has shoulder-length hair. Holding the sword of his vanquished foe, the title subject stands with one foot on the cheek of his enemy. For 10 points\u2014name this bronze sculpture by Donatello in which a Biblical hero rests after killing Goliath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 219 ], [ 220, 326 ], [ 327, 434 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{insulin}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Patients with the inherited disease Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy have a higher incidence of heart disease and weight gain due to a resistance in the cells' response to this hormone, which consists of a 21 -amino-acid alpha helix linked to a 30-amino-acid beta sheet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Insulin", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551adfa", "qanta_id": 81405, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Patients with the inherited disease Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy have a higher incidence of heart disease and weight gain due to a resistance in the cells' response to this hormone, which consists of a 21 -amino-acid alpha helix linked to a 30-amino-acid beta sheet. For 10 points\u2014name this protein, discovered by Banting and Best, whose insufficient production is a hallmark for diabetes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 282 ], [ 283, 405 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{neutrino}s", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Although these leptons occur with a frequency of billions per cubic meter, very few react with protons or neutrons, and because the reactions that do not produce ionization, they are difficult to detect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutrino", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ae04", "qanta_id": 81415, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Although these leptons occur with a frequency of billions per cubic meter, very few react with protons or neutrons, and because the reactions that do not produce ionization, they are difficult to detect. First proposed by Wolfgang Pauli to explain the observed energy loss in beta decay, their name was coined by Enrico Fermi. For 10 points\u2014name these uncharged particles with small but nonzero mass, found in electron, muon, and tau varieties.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 203 ], [ 204, 326 ], [ 327, 444 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{Gibbs} free {energy} [prompt on {free energy}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Representing the change in energy of a system at constant temperature and constant pressure, thermodynamic systems will exhibit a spontaneous change only if this quantity decreases during the process.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gibbs_free_energy", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ae2c", "qanta_id": 81455, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Representing the change in energy of a system at constant temperature and constant pressure, thermodynamic systems will exhibit a spontaneous change only if this quantity decreases during the process. It can be calculated from the internal energy by adding the product of pressure and volume and subtracting the product of temperature and entropy. For 10 points\u2014identify this type of energy, named after an American physicist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 347 ], [ 348, 426 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{Orpheus} or {Orphic} myth", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Dionysus was considered the reincarnation of Protogonus in this cult's myths.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Orpheus", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ae7a", "qanta_id": 81533, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Dionysus was considered the reincarnation of Protogonus in this cult's myths. Protogonus, the first god, was born from the Cosmic Egg according to the early Greek religious poems attributed to this semi-mythic figure, who Pindar called the \"father of songs\". For 10 points, what son of Calliope and husband of Eurydice was \"instrumental\" in allowing the Argo to pass the Sirens and who traveled to Hades to retrieve his wife, only to lose her by looking at her before leaving the underworld?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 258 ], [ 259, 491 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC VIII", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Salman {Rushdie}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After a career in advertising, he turned to writing full-time.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salman_Rushdie", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551ae9e", "qanta_id": 81569, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After a career in advertising, he turned to writing full-time. He was awarded the Booker Prize, the British Commonwealth award for novel of the year, and later the \u2018Booker of Bookers' as the best in the prize's existence, for Midnight's Children. For 10 points, name this Mumbai-born author who also received a fatwa on his life for his controversial Satanic Verses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 246 ], [ 247, 366 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC VIII", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Isabel {Allende}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In 1970 her uncle was elected the first Socialist president of her native country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isabel_Allende", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551aeba", "qanta_id": 81597, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1970 her uncle was elected the first Socialist president of her native country. Born in Peru, she later fled to Venezuela when her uncle was killed in 1975 by the Pinochet regime, and eventually settled in the United States. Among her books are Paula, written as a letter to her dying daughter, and In the House of the Spirits, originally written as a letter to her dying grandfather. For ten points, who is this Chilean writer?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 227 ], [ 228, 387 ], [ 388, 431 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC VIII", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "F. Scott {Fitzgerald}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Monroe Stahr, Rosemary Hoyt, Amory Blaine, Mr. Barlow, and Dick Diver are lesser-known characters created by this author.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "F._Scott_Fitzgerald", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551aebd", "qanta_id": 81600, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Monroe Stahr, Rosemary Hoyt, Amory Blaine, Mr. Barlow, and Dick Diver are lesser-known characters created by this author. Other, more well-known characters of his creation include Myrtle Wilson, Daisy Buchanan, and the man once known as Jay Gatz. For 10 points, identify this \"jazz-age\" author of Tender is the Night and The Great Gatsby.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 246 ], [ 247, 338 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC VIII", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Dream} of the {Red Chamber} (or The Story of the Stone or Chronicles of the Stone or shi tou ji)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel, first published in the 18th century, is known as one of China's Four Great Novels.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dream_of_the_Red_Chamber", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551aed5", "qanta_id": 81624, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel, first published in the 18th century, is known as one of China's Four Great Novels. Its plot concerns the Jia family, and its youthful heir, Jia Baoyu. The story gets interesting when he is torn between his love for Lin Daiyu and the beautiful woman he is destined to married. For ten points, what work tells this story of the Jia family's trials and tribulations during the Ming Dynasty, a classic by Cao Xueqin (kow shoo chin)?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 162 ], [ 163, 287 ], [ 288, 440 ] ], "tournament": "WUHSAC VIII", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "John {Cage}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His music for the radio play The City Wears a Slouch Hat was written entirely for percussion, while another work portrayed the tendency towards tranquility found in Indian aesthetic thought.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Cage", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551af50", "qanta_id": 81746, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His music for the radio play The City Wears a Slouch Hat was written entirely for percussion, while another work portrayed the tendency towards tranquility found in Indian aesthetic thought. His most notable collection of writings, dedicated \"To Whom it May Concern\", includes a section in which he heard a high-pitched whine in a soundless room, while the notes of his Music for Piano were determined by imperfections in the (*) staff paper. This composer of Sonatas and Interludes wrote a work for twelve radios but may be best known for a three-movement work for solo piano in which the sections are delineated by a stopwatch. For 10 points, identify this author of Silence who used the I Ching to introduce chance effects into compositions such as Imaginary Landscape and Music of Changes but may be best known for his entirely silent 4'33\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 253 ], [ 254, 442 ], [ 443, 629 ], [ 630, 845 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Federico Garcia {Lorca}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this man's religious poems is divided into the sections \"Exposition,\" \"The World,\" and \"The Devil,\" and he wrote a play whose main character is a soccer player who smokes constantly and never talks.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Federico_Garc\u00eda_Lorca", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551af58", "qanta_id": 81754, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's religious poems is divided into the sections \"Exposition,\" \"The World,\" and \"The Devil,\" and he wrote a play whose main character is a soccer player who smokes constantly and never talks. In addition to \"Ode to the Most Holy Eucharist\" and When Five Years Pass, he wrote a play in which a scorpion threatens the love of Sylvia and Boybeetle, who is also being tempted by the titular enchantment. This author of The (*) Shoemaker's Prodigious Wife and The Butterfly's Evil Spell also described Leonardo's mutually fatal duel with the Bridegroom in the first play of his Rural Trilogy. For 10 points, name this author of Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 206, 413 ], [ 414, 601 ], [ 602, 682 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "John {Dewey}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author outlined his views on religion in works like \"The Human Abode of the Religious Function\" and A Common Faith.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Dewey", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551af8b", "qanta_id": 81805, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author outlined his views on religion in works like \"The Human Abode of the Religious Function\" and A Common Faith. This philosopher argued that knowledge is obtained from active interaction with an organism's environment in his article \"The (*) Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology.\" In addition to arguing that the state arose out of subsequently larger local organizations in one work, this philosopher argued that public habits must be cultivated early in life. He outlined his views on aesthetics in Art and Experience, and in his most famous work, this philosopher defined the title subject as the \"social continuity of life\" and argued that it should be structured with experimentation to prepare children for a creative life. For ten points, identify this philosopher who wrote The School and Society and Democracy and Education, an American Pragmatist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 284 ], [ 284, 285 ], [ 286, 466 ], [ 467, 734 ], [ 735, 862 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Brownian motion} [accept {Brownian} after \u201cmotion\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Leon Guoy found that this phenomenon was unaffected by electromagnetism or light and occurred to a greater extent in less viscous fluids.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brownian_motion", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551af91", "qanta_id": 81811, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Leon Guoy found that this phenomenon was unaffected by electromagnetism or light and occurred to a greater extent in less viscous fluids. Lars Onsager used it to extend the Debye Huckel theory for ionic solutions. Combining the Stokes formula in consideration equipartition of a sphere allowed (*) Langevin to develop an equation explaining this. The Monte Carlo method can simulate this Wiener process since it is stochastic, and Jean Perrin observed molecules in large jars to estimate Avogadro's number from this process. It was originally observed in Clarckia pulchella, where particles were 5 microns in size. For 10 points, name this type of random motion first observed by a Scottish botanist in pollen grains.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 213 ], [ 214, 346 ], [ 347, 524 ], [ 525, 614 ], [ 615, 717 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Bela Viktor Janos {Bartok}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One ballet written by this composer features a girl forced do perform seductive dances to a Chinese man who is then stabbed three times and hung on a lamppost.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B\u00e9la_Bart\u00f3k", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551af9c", "qanta_id": 81822, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ballet written by this composer features a girl forced do perform seductive dances to a Chinese man who is then stabbed three times and hung on a lamppost. Another ballet from this composer features a princess falling in love with a wooden staff wearing a cloak and crown. In addition to The (*) Wooden Prince and The Miraculous Mandarin, the most notable work from this composer contains a so-called minor second \u2018blood motif' which plays whenever Judith discovers blood behind one of the seven doors in the titular location. A notable compiler of Eastern European folk music, For 10 points, identify this 20th century Hungarian composer and ethnomusicologist, the creator of Duke Bluebeard's Castle", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 276 ], [ 277, 530 ], [ 531, 704 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Diels-Alder} reaction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Chiral oxazaboroladine [ox-AY-zuh-bo-RO-lid-een] has been shown to improve both enantio and regioselectivity for this reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diels\u2013Alder_reaction", "proto_id": "5476da9cea23cca90551afb2", "qanta_id": 81844, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Chiral oxazaboroladine [ox-AY-zuh-bo-RO-lid-een] has been shown to improve both enantio and regioselectivity for this reaction. Imidazolinium salts catalyze it when an imine is substituted for one of the reactants, and when this reaction is under kinetic control, the (*) endo adduct is favored. As observed in this reaction and its aforementioned aza modification, it requires one of the reactants to be in the s-cis conformation and is driven by HOMO and LUMO overlap between the diene and dienophile respectively. For 10 points, name this reaction which yields a cyclohexene product, a certain 4+2 cycloaddition named for its German discoverers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 295 ], [ 296, 516 ], [ 517, 648 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Fionn {mac} {Cumhaill} [or Finn {McCool}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this man's warriors has a magical love spot on his head that makes him irresistible to women.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fionn_mac_Cumhaill", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551afe0", "qanta_id": 81890, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's warriors has a magical love spot on his head that makes him irresistible to women. Though this man was grieving over the loss of his most recent wife, his associates find him a new one: the great-granddaughter of Conn the Hundred Fighter. But upon gazing on the love spot of his associate, this man's betrothed falls in love with (*) Diarmuid, but this warrior pardons him. At the Battle of Gabhair, this leader's grandson is killed with a joke on his lips by the mortally wounded Lifechair, causing this hero to weep for the first time. The enemy of Goll MacMorna, the father of Oisin, and noted eater of the salmon of knowledge, for 10 points, name this semi-mythical hunter-warrior of Irish mythology, hero of the Fenian Cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 256 ], [ 257, 391 ], [ 392, 555 ], [ 556, 748 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Willard Van Orman {Quine}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker utilizes Paul Valery's quote \"A difficulty is a light, an insurmountable difficulty is a sun,\" in order to motivate his definition of \u2018anomaly' in a work subtitled, \"An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willard_Van_Orman_Quine", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551aff1", "qanta_id": 81907, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker utilizes Paul Valery's quote \"A difficulty is a light, an insurmountable difficulty is a sun,\" in order to motivate his definition of \u2018anomaly' in a work subtitled, \"An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary.\" In his doctoral dissertation, this man delineates \"six primitive\" types, in an analysis of a theory of sequences as presented in Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica. In one work, he generates an existential generalization by replacing (*) \u2018Xanthippe' with the \u2018wife of Socrates' in order to dispense with definite descriptors. This philosopher advances the work of David Hume in a 1969 essay to promote a form of \u2018naturalized epistemology' and he suggests famously, \"to be is to be the value of a variable,\" in his collection From a Logical Point of View. For 10 points, name this Harvard philosopher author of Word and Object and \"Two Dogmas of Empiricism.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 222 ], [ 222, 399 ], [ 400, 560 ], [ 561, 789 ], [ 790, 892 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Franz {Liszt} [or {Liszt} Ferenc]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Several of this man's early solo piano works are collected in his Album d'un voyager, and he noted that he could not find a lyrical melody in his second \"forgotten waltz.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Liszt", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b02b", "qanta_id": 81965, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Several of this man's early solo piano works are collected in his Album d'un voyager, and he noted that he could not find a lyrical melody in his second \"forgotten waltz.\" A work characteristic of his Wemar period is a symphonic poem titled Prometheus. Alidor is Lord of the Castle of Love in his sole opera, Don Sanche, and Chasse-Neige and \"Will o' the Wisp\" are two movements in his difficult set of twelve (*) piano pieces. The composer of a Faust Symphony and some Mephisto Waltzes, he included \"Mazeppa\" in his collection of Transcendental Etudes. For 10 points, name this piano virtuoso who used Gypsy melodies of his homeland in the Hungarian Rhapsodies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 252 ], [ 253, 427 ], [ 428, 553 ], [ 554, 662 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Jawaharlal {Nehru}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He is thought to have ordered the capture of Kashmiri Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah, and this man's letters to his daughter were collected in Glimpses of World History.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jawaharlal_Nehru", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b034", "qanta_id": 81974, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He is thought to have ordered the capture of Kashmiri Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah, and this man's letters to his daughter were collected in Glimpses of World History.To commemorate a commitment to purna swaraj, he raised a flag over the Ravi River, and the achievement of this goal culminated in his \"tryst with destiny\" speech. This figure's father led a failed (*) Bombay Conference attempt to reconcile the Muslim League with Hindu factions. Along with men like Sukarno and Gamel Nasser, he helped lead the Non-Aligned Movement, and both his daughter and grandson became prime ministers. For 10 points, identify this oft-jailed first premier of India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 169, 331 ], [ 332, 447 ], [ 448, 593 ], [ 594, 657 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Switzerland} [or the {Swiss Confederation}]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Cities in this country include Carouge, famous for its gardens, and Monthey, in which is centered the roller coaster design company Bolliger & Mabillard.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Switzerland", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b037", "qanta_id": 81977, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Cities in this country include Carouge, famous for its gardens, and Monthey, in which is centered the roller coaster design company Bolliger & Mabillard. Lakes located in this country include the Zug and the artificial Sihlsee. The reworking of the Linth River improved the availability of fertile land, and tributaries of the Rhine in this country include the Toss, Birs, and Thur Rivers. Its largest lake is (*) Neuchatel, and it contains a mountain famous for having caused the death of much of Edward Whymper's party, the Matterhorn. For 10 points, name this landlocked, neutral country with capital at Bern.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 227 ], [ 228, 389 ], [ 390, 537 ], [ 538, 612 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Luigi {Pirandello}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A group of strangers in a railway carriage discuss the enlistment of their sons in this author's short story \"War.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Luigi_Pirandello", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b053", "qanta_id": 82005, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A group of strangers in a railway carriage discuss the enlistment of their sons in this author's short story \"War.\" This author also wrote about the impromptu performance of Il Trovatore on Doctor Hinkfuss's stage and about a tragedy based on La Vela's fiancee's affair, in Tonight (*) We Improvise and In Each His Own Way, respectively. The title character goes to Rome and poses as Adriano Meis after he is presumed dead in The Late Mattia Pascal, while he main character imagines that he is the title monarch in his Enrico IV. A play in which a family interrupts a stage manager while rehearsing a play is, for 10 points, what Italian author's Six Characters in Search of an Author?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 281 ], [ 282, 302 ], [ 303, 337 ], [ 338, 529 ], [ 530, 685 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Athol {Fugard}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Veronica leaves New Bethesda in this author's Valley Song. Gladys keeps a blank diary and Piet refuses to respond to Steve's accusation in one work by this author, while Miss Helen reunites with Elsa in another of his works.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athol_Fugard", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b05c", "qanta_id": 82014, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Veronica leaves New Bethesda in this author's Valley Song. Gladys keeps a blank diary and Piet refuses to respond to Steve's accusation in one work by this author, while Miss Helen reunites with Elsa in another of his works. One title character of another work talks to Outa while the other concludes that \"our life is dumb.\" Ethel Lange communicates with (*) Zachariah, who shares the titular bond with Morris in another of his works. Besides Boesman and Lena and Blood Knot, he wrote a play in which Sam drops his trousers in response to the title character's offensive joke, after discussing a dance contest. For 10 points, identify this South African playwright of Master Harold and the Boys.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 224 ], [ 225, 325 ], [ 326, 435 ], [ 436, 611 ], [ 612, 696 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Hajj}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Traditions of this event include the recitation of both the Talbiyah and a Niyyah, and participating in the Sa'ee of Safa and Marwah, while it concludes with the Tawaf al-Wada' prayer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hajj", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b05d", "qanta_id": 82015, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Traditions of this event include the recitation of both the Talbiyah and a Niyyah, and participating in the Sa'ee of Safa and Marwah, while it concludes with the Tawaf al-Wada' prayer. A miqat is used to change into the clothing of Ihram during this event, though many of that state's restrictions are removed after a sacrifice on the Tenth of (*) Dhul. Al-Tamattu', al-Ifrad, and al- Qiran are three different ways of performing this obligation, though they each include ramy and Tawaf al-Ifadha: the stoning of a pillar representing the devil and the circling of the Kaaba. For 10 points, identify this pillar of Islam, a ritual pilgrimage to Mecca.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 353 ], [ 354, 575 ], [ 576, 651 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Herman {Hesse}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's short stories, The Master of the Perfect Word encounters Han Fook, who sees his bride from a pear tree.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b064", "qanta_id": 82022, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's short stories, The Master of the Perfect Word encounters Han Fook, who sees his bride from a pear tree. In another work, Pierre, the son of Johann and Adel Vergurth, becomes ill. In addition to Klingsor's Last Summer, The Poet, Rosshalde and a novel about the youth of (*) Emil Sinclair, Demian, he wrote a novel about Joseph Knecht assuming the title of Magister Ludi. In another of his novels, Govinda sees the world in the title character's smiling face, and in another Hermine is killed by Harry Haller. For 10 points, identify this German author of The Glass-Bead Game, Siddhartha and Steppenwolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 202 ], [ 203, 393 ], [ 394, 531 ], [ 532, 626 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Abraham (Harold) Maslow", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After studying forms of monkey intimidation, this man created and contrasted the concepts of B-values and D-values in the context of a concept that was partly inspired by Kurt Goldstein's The Organism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Abraham_Maslow", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b071", "qanta_id": 82035, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After studying forms of monkey intimidation, this man created and contrasted the concepts of B-values and D-values in the context of a concept that was partly inspired by Kurt Goldstein's The Organism. After his work Religions, Values, and Peak Experiences, he led a shift in his field studying the abnormal to the humanistic. This man's best-known formulation is outlined in Motivation and Personality and its components range from safety to a state achieved by few exemplary individuals known as self-actualization. For 10 points, name this American psychologist most famous for his formulation of a hierarchy of needs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 201 ], [ 202, 326 ], [ 327, 518 ], [ 519, 622 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Alfred the Great", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After a series of defeats this man signed the treaties of Wareham and Exeter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b078", "qanta_id": 82042, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After a series of defeats this man signed the treaties of Wareham and Exeter. This man blew on the blowing stone to summon his troops before his victory in the Battle of Ashdown and had his life biographied by the bishop Asser. He built a series of fortresses called \"burhs\" and signed the Treaty of Wedmore with a man he defeated at the Battle of Edington, also called the Battle of Ethandun. That victory over the Great Heathen Army lead by Guthrum helped confine a certain group to East Anglia and parts of Mercia, called the Danelaw. For 10 points, name this king of Wessex who pushed back the Viking occupation of England, the only ruler of England known as \"the Great\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 229 ], [ 229, 394 ], [ 395, 538 ], [ 539, 676 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Antonio (Lucio) Vivaldi", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Benedetto Marcello's Il Teatro Alla Moda was published under a pseudonym constructed from this composer's name.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b0a0", "qanta_id": 82081, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Benedetto Marcello's Il Teatro Alla Moda was published under a pseudonym constructed from this composer's name. This man composed a set of violin concertos named after the lyre-like cetra. This man also composed concerto collections titled La Stravaganza and L'estro Armonico. This composer of a concerto for the mandolin wrote an oratorio in which Holofernes is beheaded; that is Juditha Triumphans. The Contest Between Harmony and Invention includes his most well known work, a set of four violin concerti. For 10 points, identify this man known as the \"Red Priest,\" the composer of the concerti \"Spring,\" \"Summer,\" \"Autumn,\" and \"Winter\" that make up his Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 188 ], [ 189, 276 ], [ 277, 400 ], [ 401, 508 ], [ 509, 671 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The Magic Flute [Accept Die Zauberflote.]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Upon being shown a picture, one character in this work falls in love and sings the aria \"This likeness is enchantingly lovely.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b0bc", "qanta_id": 82109, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Upon being shown a picture, one character in this work falls in love and sings the aria \"This likeness is enchantingly lovely.\" This work composed for the troupe of Emanuel Schikaneder begins with three ladies killing a serpent to save the protagonist. This work sees the moor Monostatos reprimanded by Sarastro for lusting after the protagonist's love. A padlock is placed over the mouth of the bird-catcher Papageno, while Pamina temporarily loses faith in Tamino after a trial of silence. For 10 points, name this opera in which the evil Queen of the Night is defeated that also sees Tamino play the titular instrument, written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 252 ], [ 253, 353 ], [ 354, 491 ], [ 492, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Jean-Paul Sartre", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher wrote a critical and psychoanalytic biography of Gustave Flaubert entitled The Family Idiot. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Paul_Sartre", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b0ec", "qanta_id": 82157, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher wrote a critical and psychoanalytic biography of Gustave Flaubert entitled The Family Idiot. In one essay, this thinker wrote that \"Man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world, and defines himself afterwards.\" This man's most famous work discusses the absence of the waiter Pierre and the effect of \"the look.\" That work explains how a person defines himself through his socially constructed role, a concept this man termed \"bad faith.\" This man explained the philosophy he developed as \"a humanism\" in another essay. For 10 points, name this French author of Being and Nothingness, perhaps the most influential existentialist thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 111, 251 ], [ 252, 351 ], [ 351, 352 ], [ 353, 477 ], [ 477, 478 ], [ 479, 559 ], [ 560, 678 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "London", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One proposed plan to alleviate air traffic congestion in this city is the construction of an artificial island named for its current mayor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "London", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b10d", "qanta_id": 82190, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One proposed plan to alleviate air traffic congestion in this city is the construction of an artificial island named for its current mayor. The result of an effort to revitalize its western portion was the development of the Canary Wharf financial district on the West India Docks of its Isle of Dogs, and Russell Square is home to this city's School of Economics. The M25 motorway spans its perimeter, and its internal transportation has a central hub at Charing Cross Station. For 10 points, Lord Mayor Boris Johnson currently leads this capital and largest city of the United Kingdom situated on the Thames river.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 364 ], [ 365, 478 ], [ 479, 616 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this novel breaks his arm while trying to stop a runaway band of horses, and he finds an empty muff on his bed that he recognizes as belonging to the woman he loves.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b10f", "qanta_id": 82192, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The protagonist of this novel breaks his arm while trying to stop a runaway band of horses, and he finds an empty muff on his bed that he recognizes as belonging to the woman he loves. The servant Black George helps that character deliver messages to his lover, who is forced into accepting Master Blifil as her fiance. The protagonist is surprised to learn that Mr. Partridge is not, in fact, his father, but that he is actually Mrs. Blifil's son, making him Squire Allworthy's nephew. For 10 points, name this novel in which the titular foundling pursues his love for Sophia Western, written by Henry Fielding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 319 ], [ 320, 486 ], [ 487, 612 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Thor", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "With the help of a servant, this man defeated a stone-hearted clay giant.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b114", "qanta_id": 82197, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "With the help of a servant, this man defeated a stone-hearted clay giant. That battle resulted in this god requiring help from the seer Groa in removing a whetstone from his head. This god gained the service of Roskva and the aforementioned servant Thialfi when the latter broke the thigh-bone of one of his goats. In addition to killing the giant Hrungnir, this god once fished his mortal enemy out of the ocean and failed to lift its paw when it assumed the form of a cat in the realm of Utgard-Loki. For 10 points, name this enemy of the Midgard Serpent who owned the hammer Mjolnir, the Norse god of thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 179 ], [ 180, 314 ], [ 315, 502 ], [ 503, 612 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Pablo Neruda [Accept Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto.]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet described a certain insect as \"perfect, ancient, Sanskrit, machines that admit of no appeal\" in his poem \"Fleas Interest Me", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b124", "qanta_id": 82213, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This poet described a certain insect as \"perfect, ancient, Sanskrit, machines that admit of no appeal\" in his poem \"Fleas Interest Me So Much.\" The speaker of another poem by this man tells the addressee that \"I want to do with you what spring does to cherry trees,\" while his best known collection ends with a poem featuring the refrain, \"In you everything sank!\" This poet also penned odes to an artichoke, a tuna at the market, and his socks, in addition to writing about climbing up to an Incan ruin in \"The Heights of Macchu Picchu.\" For 10 points, name this Chilean poet of the Canto General and Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 143 ], [ 144, 364 ], [ 365, 538 ], [ 539, 642 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Niccolo (di Bernardo dei) Machiavelli", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The preface to one work by this thinker states that it has always been more dangerous to discover new countries than to found new institutions; that work argues that the defeats of the Samnites and Latins had more to do with skill than luck as the author deals with the titular Roman historian.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Niccol\u00f2_Machiavelli", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b12c", "qanta_id": 82221, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The preface to one work by this thinker states that it has always been more dangerous to discover new countries than to found new institutions; that work argues that the defeats of the Samnites and Latins had more to do with skill than luck as the author deals with the titular Roman historian. In another work, this author discourages the use of mercenaries and makes frequent references to the personification of Lady Fortune. This author of Discourses on Livy warned the titular figure of another work to be both a lion and a fox. For 10 points, name this thinker, who advised rulers that \"it is better to be feared than loved\" in his book of advice to the Medici, The Prince.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 294 ], [ 295, 428 ], [ 429, 533 ], [ 534, 679 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Achille-Claude Debussy", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer opened a piece for solo piano with a chromatically descending whole tone cadenza and used a series of open fifths to evoke church bells in a programmatic prelude depicting a \"Sunken Cathedral.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b137", "qanta_id": 82232, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer opened a piece for solo piano with a chromatically descending whole tone cadenza and used a series of open fifths to evoke church bells in a programmatic prelude depicting a \"Sunken Cathedral.\" This composer of \"The Happy Island\" included a piece parodying a leitmotif from Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, \"Golliwogg's Cakewalk\", in his Children's Corner suite. A chromatic flute passage begins a work by this man inspired by a St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 poem, while a piece contained in his Suite Bergamasque was famously inspired by moonlight. For 10 points, name this composer of Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun and \"Clair de Lune.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 208, 380 ], [ 381, 555 ], [ 556, 648 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Jean Piaget", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker founded a school of thought that argued that the manner in which knowledge is obtained has an effect on the validity of that knowledge.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Piaget", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b14c", "qanta_id": 82253, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker founded a school of thought that argued that the manner in which knowledge is obtained has an effect on the validity of that knowledge. That school included this thinker's \"Schema Theory.\" In one work, this thinker wrote that morality developed from peer interaction rather than mandates from authority figures, and he also noted that a certain group was very egocentric in their \"sensorimotor\" stage. For 10 points, name this proponent of genetic epistemology and author of The Moral Judgment of the Child, a Swiss psychologist who created a theory of cognitive development.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 200 ], [ 200, 414 ], [ 415, 588 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Fyodor Dostoevsky", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a section removed from one of this author's novels, the protagonist confesses to Bishop Tikhon that he forced the suicide of a young girl he seduced.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fyodor_Dostoevsky", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b151", "qanta_id": 82258, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a section removed from one of this author's novels, the protagonist confesses to Bishop Tikhon that he forced the suicide of a young girl he seduced. In that novel, the nihilist Kirillov bites Pyotr Stepanovich, who murders Ivan Shatov. In another novel, Aglaya dotes on a man who competes with Rogozhin for Nastasya Filippovna, Prince Mishkin. In a third novel, Smerdyakov murders the father of the ex-soldier Dmitri, the scholar Ivan, and the initiate Alyosha. For 10 points, name this novelist, who described Svidrigailov's attempted seduction of Dounia and a pawn broker's murder by Raskolnikov, the author of The Brothers Karamazov and Crime and Punishment.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 239 ], [ 240, 347 ], [ 348, 465 ], [ 466, 666 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Sri Lanka", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Agriculture in this nation is distinguished between wet farming in and around cities such as Kandy in its central portion and dry farming in regions such as its Northern Jaffna Peninsula.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sri_Lanka", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b154", "qanta_id": 82261, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Agriculture in this nation is distinguished between wet farming in and around cities such as Kandy in its central portion and dry farming in regions such as its Northern Jaffna Peninsula. The Central Highlands of this nation contain its highest point of Pidurutalagala. The mouth of the Kelani river in the west is the site of this nation's largest city of Colombo and its nearby capital, and this country was once connected by Adam's Bridge to the region of Tamil Nadu. For 10 points, name this island nation located southwest of the Bay of Bengal and southeast of the Indian Subcontinent.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 269 ], [ 270, 470 ], [ 471, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Soren (Aabye) Kierkegaard", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work this man compared Fichte and Hegel to the irony of the titular philosopher as described by Aristophanes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "S\u00f8ren_Kierkegaard", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b156", "qanta_id": 82263, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work this man compared Fichte and Hegel to the irony of the titular philosopher as described by Aristophanes. In addition to On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates, this man wrote a work which compares one figure to the blackened breast of a woman trying to wean her child. In another work this man considered Don Juan and wrote a chapter entitled \"The Seducer's Diary.\" One of this thinker's works begins, \"is there a teleological suspension of the ethical,\" and goes on to consider the Knight of Faith and the Knight of Infinite Resignation. For 10 points, name this philosopher, author of Fear and Trembling and Either/Or.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 302 ], [ 303, 398 ], [ 398, 572 ], [ 573, 651 ], [ 651, 654 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Moliere [or Jean-Baptiste Poquelin]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a play in which Vadius is kissed by a bunch of women because he knows ancient Greek, and in another the protagonist is exiled from society after critiquing a nobleman's mediocre poetry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moli\u00e8re", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b168", "qanta_id": 82281, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a play in which Vadius is kissed by a bunch of women because he knows ancient Greek, and in another the protagonist is exiled from society after critiquing a nobleman's mediocre poetry. In this author's most famous play, a man hides under a table while his wife seduces another man. Unfortunately, despite the advice of Dorine and Damis, that man had already turned over the deed of his house to another. Mariane and Valere are able to marry at the end of that play, which sees the title character, a false priest, attempt to woo his patron Orgon's wife Elmire. For 10 points, name this French playwright, author of The Learned Ladies, The Misanthrope, and Tartuffe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 203 ], [ 204, 300 ], [ 301, 422 ], [ 423, 579 ], [ 580, 684 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament VII", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Who\u2019s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of the props in this play is a gun that shoots a parasol, though only the man pulling the trigger knows this and everyone else on stage thinks the gun is real. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Who's_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf?", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b184", "qanta_id": 82309, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the props in this play is a gun that shoots a parasol, though only the man pulling the trigger knows this and everyone else on stage thinks the gun is real. During a scuffle another character shouts \"Violence! Violence!\"; that character is later found to have been tearing the label off a bottle of alcohol while in the bathroom. Among the drunken revelations in this play is that one if not both of the New Carthage professors present at the party are impotent. For 10 points, name this play in which Nick and Honey are witness to the dysfunctional couple George and Martha, written by Edward Albee.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 165, 217 ], [ 218, 228 ], [ 228, 339 ], [ 339, 473 ], [ 473, 610 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Mario {Vargas Llosa}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of his characters leaves her husband Andre Chazal to win support for her cause, though this life of Flora Tristan is parallel to that of her grandson Paul Gauguin. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mario_Vargas_Llosa", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b189", "qanta_id": 82314, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his characters leaves her husband Andre Chazal to win support for her cause, though this life of Flora Tristan is parallel to that of her grandson Paul Gauguin. Another of his characters, Don Anselmo, builds a brothel that houses the young Bonificia. In addition to the aforementioned The Way to Paradise and The Green House, he chronicled a conflict between the Brazilian Army and a group of militant settlers in The War at the End of the World and intimated on his military training in The Time of the Hero. FTP name this Chilean novelist who described a friendship with radio producer Pedro Camancho and a relationship with Uncle Urquidi's wife in Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 169, 260 ], [ 260, 520 ], [ 520, 693 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Albrecht {Durer} (the Younger)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He used a figure in Antonio Pollaiuolo's The Rape of Deianira as the model for Hercules in his Hercules and the Birds of Stymphalis. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albrecht_D\u00fcrer", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b19f", "qanta_id": 82335, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He used a figure in Antonio Pollaiuolo's The Rape of Deianira as the model for Hercules in his Hercules and the Birds of Stymphalis. \"The Drummer and Piper\" and \"Job and His Wife\" are the two side panels of this man's Altar of the Three Kings, and portraits by this man include those of Oswolt Krel and the Tucher family. He may be best known for a work that includes an hour glass, an empty balance scale, a polyhedron with a skull on it, and a magic square which gives the date of the work, 1514, in the middle two cells. Also known for woodcuts like his Apocalypse series, for 10 points, name this German engraver of Melancholia I.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 134, 135 ], [ 135, 324 ], [ 324, 527 ], [ 527, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "(James) Langston {Hughes}", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character created by this man used to own a hair-dressing parlor and barbecue stand, fights with a telephone operator over a long distance call from Roscoe, and berates a census taker for insisting that the \"K\" in \"Alberta K. Johnson\" must stand for something. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Langston_Hughes", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b1b7", "qanta_id": 82359, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character created by this man used to own a hair-dressing parlor and barbecue stand, fights with a telephone operator over a long distance call from Roscoe, and berates a census taker for insisting that the \"K\" in \"Alberta K. Johnson\" must stand for something. Another of his characters tries to divorce Isabel and marry Joyce, and among his comments from Paddy's Bar is that his \"mama should have named [him] Job instead of Jesse B. Semple\". Also known for such poems as \"I, Too, Sing America\" and \"Theme for English B\", for 10 points, name this Harlem Renaissance figure who asks \"What happens to a dream deferred?\" and also wrote \"The Weary Blues\" and \"The Negro Speaks of Rivers\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 266 ], [ 266, 449 ], [ 449, 690 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Denmark}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One writer from this country wrote of a man who fears \"Master Eric\" and insists on hanging a bailiff even after he finds out that said bailiff has seven living children. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Denmark", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b1c4", "qanta_id": 82372, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One writer from this country wrote of a man who fears \"Master Eric\" and insists on hanging a bailiff even after he finds out that said bailiff has seven living children. Another writer from this country told \"An Immortal Story\" and wrote of an old French chef's attempt to prepare the titular meal in \"Babette's Feast\". The medieval history of this country was written by Saxo Grammaticus. The best-known author from this country told of a character that tries to win a prince's love so as to gain an immortal soul, because otherwise after three hundred years she would turn into sea foam. For 10 points, name this home country of Ludvig Holberg, Isak Dinesen, and Hans Christian Andersen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 171, 322 ], [ 322, 393 ], [ 393, 594 ], [ 594, 693 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{ferromagnetism}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "When placed in an alternating environment, materials exhibiting this phenomenon lose energy according to Steinmetz's law. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ferromagnetism", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b1c6", "qanta_id": 82374, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When placed in an alternating environment, materials exhibiting this phenomenon lose energy according to Steinmetz's law. Two important parameters characterizing materials that display this behavior are the coercivity and the remanence. Bloch showed that the exchange energy associated with this phenomenon results in walls of finite thickness between Weiss domains. Its response lags behind a cycling applied field, a phenomenon known as hysteresis. FTP, name this property that is exhibited below the Curie point by cobalt, nickel, iron, and many permanent magnets.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 123, 239 ], [ 239, 370 ], [ 370, 455 ], [ 455, 571 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Charlemagne} (Accept {Charles the Great} until mentioned; Accept {Charles Magnus} or {Carolus Magnus})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After a successful attack by the Saxons against this man, he retaliated by executing 4500 Saxons in a single day. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b1e1", "qanta_id": 82401, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After a successful attack by the Saxons against this man, he retaliated by executing 4500 Saxons in a single day. His focus on the destruction of Pamplona led to his inability to capture Zaragoza. He put down a revolt by Hunald, and distaste with his wife Fastrada led to a minor revolt by Pepin the Hunchback. This ruler's court was centered around a unique octagonal chapel at the royal capitol of Aachen, where this ruler died after bathing in the warm springs. The brother of Carloman and son of Pepin the Short, FTP, identify this second Carolingian king, crowned emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III in 800, with a name meaning \"Charles the Great.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 115, 199 ], [ 199, 314 ], [ 314, 467 ], [ 468, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Octavio {Paz}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He writes that \"to love is to battle, if two kiss the world changes\" in a poem that exclaims \"I travel your length like a river, I travel your body like a forest.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Octavio_Paz", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b1e4", "qanta_id": 82404, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He writes that \"to love is to battle, if two kiss the world changes\" in a poem that exclaims \"I travel your length like a river, I travel your body like a forest.\" Author of The Pears of the Elm and Conunctions and Disjunctions, he rewrote Hawthorne's \"Rappaccini's Daughter\" and a biography of Juana Inez de la Cruz, The Traps of Faith. He is better known for analyzing la Malinche and the Pachucos in a work that claims natives wear masks imposed by colonial powers. He incorporated the Aztec calendar into his aforementioned poem Sun Stone, and also wrote The Bow and the Lyre and Luna silvestre. FTP name this Mexican diplomat, and author of The Labyrinth of Solitude.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 165, 340 ], [ 340, 472 ], [ 472, 604 ], [ 604, 676 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Tamerlane} or {Timur} the Lame", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "According to legend, he measured his casualties by ordering his soldiers crossing the Santas pass to leave a stone there and pick it up when they returned back over Tian Shan. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Timur", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b1e8", "qanta_id": 82408, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to legend, he measured his casualties by ordering his soldiers crossing the Santas pass to leave a stone there and pick it up when they returned back over Tian Shan. He besieged Balkh in an effort against his brother-in-law Amir Husayn, and overcame the knights of Rhodes to take Smyrna. Shah Rukh was the only one of his sons to keep this ruler's dynasty alive in Transoxiana, but his patronage of the arts survived, including a Qu'ran inscribed on a signet ring. He defeated Toktamish of the Golden Horde seven years before capturing Bayezid I at Ankara. Famous for brutally sacking Baghdad and Dehli, FTP name this ruler of Samarkand known for his limp.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 177, 298 ], [ 299, 475 ], [ 476, 567 ], [ 568, 667 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Eero Saarinen } (need both names)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His first commission in America eventually became the Cranbrook Academy of Art and was influenced by the Schusts in the art of furniture.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eero_Saarinen", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b1ea", "qanta_id": 82410, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His first commission in America eventually became the Cranbrook Academy of Art and was influenced by the Schusts in the art of furniture. As part of his work for Knoll furniture he produced the fiber-on-metal \"Womb Chair\" and he also designed a plastic \"Tulip\" chair. One of his most famous designs was designed to convey his client's demand of \"the essence of flight\" and another used \"mobile lounges\" in lieu of standard terminal gates. He may be best known however for a structure that involves a catenary curve. The son of the lesser- known Eliel, FTP, identify this Finnish designer of Dulles International, the TWA terminal at JFK, and the Gateway Arch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 269 ], [ 269, 439 ], [ 440, 516 ], [ 517, 557 ], [ 558, 660 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Gottfried Wilhelm von {Leibniz}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a debate with Antoine Arnauld, he was accused of fatalism and determinism for suggesting that everything that would happen to Alexander the Great followed from the latter's essence. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b206", "qanta_id": 82437, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a debate with Antoine Arnauld, he was accused of fatalism and determinism for suggesting that everything that would happen to Alexander the Great followed from the latter's essence. Louis Couturat later suggested that this man believed every truth to be analytic. One of this man's works was the subject of John Dewey's first philosophical work, a critical response to the empiricism of John Locke entitled New Essays on the Human Understanding. For 10 points, name this seventeenth-century German philosopher and mathematician, who talked about monads and was satirized by Voltaire as Dr. Pangloss in Candide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 186 ], [ 186, 267 ], [ 268, 449 ], [ 450, 614 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Finn MacCool} (or {Finn mac Cumhail}, prompt on early \"Deimne\")", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His mother, known for her white neck, asks Bodhmall and Liath Luachra to raise this boy at Slieve Bloom.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fionn_mac_Cumhaill", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b211", "qanta_id": 82448, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His mother, known for her white neck, asks Bodhmall and Liath Luachra to raise this boy at Slieve Bloom. He pursues a girl who elopes with Diarmait, after his first wife is turned into a fawn. He is killed at the Battle of Gabhra. His name is a reference to his prematurely white hair, although in childhood he was known as Deimne. The object with which he is most associated with eats nine hazel nuts and lives in the River Boyne until the poet Finneces captures it. While cooking it, he burns his thumb and licks it, thus becoming clairvoyant. For 10 points, the killer of Goll mac Morna is what hero of the Fenian Cycle, who eats the Salmon of Knowledge?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 192 ], [ 193, 230 ], [ 231, 331 ], [ 332, 467 ], [ 468, 545 ], [ 546, 657 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "John Maxwell {Coetzee}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of his works contains a story in which Eugene Dawn stabs his own son after enduring psychological warfare in Vietnam. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "J._M._Coetzee", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b228", "qanta_id": 82471, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his works contains a story in which Eugene Dawn stabs his own son after enduring psychological warfare in Vietnam. Another of his works features Mrs. Curren, whose maid's son was murdered by the police. Yet another work centers on Magda, the daughter of a sheep farmer who clings to his concubine for security. In addition to Dusklands, Age of Iron, and In the Heart of the Country, he fictionalized his life in Boyhood and Youth. His most famous novel involves the protagonist's travels from Prince Albert to Cape Town to return his mother's ashes to her home. FTP name this South African author of Waiting for the Barbarians and Life and Times of Michael K.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 123, 212 ], [ 212, 321 ], [ 321, 442 ], [ 442, 574 ], [ 574, 671 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Balder}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Under the guise of Vegtam, Odin consulted with the dead prophetess Vala about this other god's fate. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baldr", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b22c", "qanta_id": 82475, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Under the guise of Vegtam, Odin consulted with the dead prophetess Vala about this other god's fate. This god's son lives in the hall Glitnir. The insolent dwarf Littur was kicked onto this man's ship, Ringhorn, during a ceremony that also saw Odin give this god the ring Draupnir and whisper unknown words into his ear. Hermod's attempts to plead for his return were foiled by the giantess Thokk, who refused to cry over his death. For 10 points, name this husband of Nanna, the Norse god of joy and beauty, felled by a sprig of mistletoe thrown by his brother Hodur under Loki's treacherous aim.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 102, 145 ], [ 145, 324 ], [ 324, 437 ], [ 437, 601 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "John {Keats}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man asks the title \"Old Scholar of Spheres\" to \"Lend thine ear/", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Keats", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b24e", "qanta_id": 82509, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man asks the title \"Old Scholar of Spheres\" to \"Lend thine ear/To a young Delian oath\" in \"Lines on Seeing a Lock of Milton's Hair\". The title of one of this man's poems appears as an \"ancient ditty\", and another poem concludes \"though the sedge is withered from the lake/and no birds sing.\" The influence of Greek myth can be seen in his poem aout the mortal lover of Selene, as well as his Ode to Psyche and Hyperion. He may be best known for a poem that ends \"that is all ye need to know on earth, and all ye need to know.\" FTP name this author of La Belle Dame Sans Merci, Endymion, and Ode on a Grecian Urn.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 68, 139 ], [ 139, 297 ], [ 298, 425 ], [ 426, 531 ], [ 531, 618 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Pendulum} (prompt on \"simple harmonic oscillator\" since I think the first clue pertains only to the physical pendulum but haven't been able to verify)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Mathieu functions of even order are the characteristic functions of this system on the quantum level. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pendulum", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b261", "qanta_id": 82528, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Mathieu functions of even order are the characteristic functions of this system on the quantum level. Braginsky, Polnarev and Thorne proposed using it to measure the earth's general relativistic gravitomagnetic field. When modeling this system, a common approximation is for sin theta to equal theta; this only holds for small amplitudes. The \"physical\" version differs from the \"simple\" version in that the \"string\" of the \"mass on a string\" has some mass. For 10 points, name this physical system, often used to demonstrate simple harmonic motion?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 107, 222 ], [ 223, 345 ], [ 345, 465 ], [ 465, 556 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Claude(-Achile) {Debussy} (accept early \u201cString Quartet in G Minor\u201d)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The ostinato of the second movement is a faster version of the opening theme in this composer's String Quartet in G Minor. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b26b", "qanta_id": 82538, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The ostinato of the second movement is a faster version of the opening theme in this composer's String Quartet in G Minor. Dante Gabriel Rosetti's \"The Blessed Damozel\" forms the basis for his La Damoiselle Elue. The solo instrument imitates a guitar through pizzicato in the second movement of his Sonata for Cello and Piano, which was dedicated to his daughter Claude-Emma, to whom he also dedicated the ballet The Box of Toys and the song cycle Children's Corner. Best known for a passage in his Suite bergamesque, for 10 points, name this French composer of La Mer and \"Claire de Lune\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 124, 215 ], [ 215, 470 ], [ 470, 593 ] ], "tournament": "Zot Bowl", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Sir Walter {Scott}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his novels begins in the titular Edinburgh jail during the Porteous riots and goes on to describe the pardoning of Effie Deans for killing her child with George Staunton.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walter_Scott", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b27e", "qanta_id": 82557, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his novels begins in the titular Edinburgh jail during the Porteous riots and goes on to describe the pardoning of Effie Deans for killing her child with George Staunton. In addition to that work, The Heart of Midlothian, he wrote such works as The Antiquary, Quentin Durward, The Bride of Lamermoor, and Rob Roy in his \"Waverly\" series. For 10 points\u2014name this Scottish author of \"The Lady of the Lake\" and Ivanhoe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 344 ], [ 345, 423 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Dao} ism [or {Tao} ism]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In its pantheon, Lei Gong is the god of thunder, and Guan Di is the patron deity of soldiers and policemen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Taoism", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b2b4", "qanta_id": 82611, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In its pantheon, Lei Gong is the god of thunder, and Guan Di is the patron deity of soldiers and policemen. Ling Zhi, the plant of immortality, grows on the mythical island of Xian, which is inhabited by immortals and sought in vain by man. For 10 points\u2014name this religion based on The Book of the Way and Its Power by Lao-Zu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 240 ], [ 241, 327 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Henry's} law", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In environmental chemistry, this law predicts the distribution of pollutants between water and the atmosphere.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry's_law", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b2d2", "qanta_id": 82641, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In environmental chemistry, this law predicts the distribution of pollutants between water and the atmosphere. It also explains why bubbles come out of solution when a carbonated beverage is opened. It holds whenever Raoult's law holds for a solvent. For 10 points\u2014name this law which states that the vapor pressure of a solute is proportional to the solute's mole fraction.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 198 ], [ 199, 250 ], [ 251, 374 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Jorge Luis {Borges}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After graduating from the College de Gen\u00e8ve in 1915, this author spent time in Spain, where he became closely affiliated with the Ultraist movement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jorge_Luis_Borges", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b2d8", "qanta_id": 82647, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After graduating from the College de Gen\u00e8ve in 1915, this author spent time in Spain, where he became closely affiliated with the Ultraist movement. Returning to his home country, he wrote perplexing lines such as \"Anyone who has read a word of Don Quixote is Miguel Cervantes\" in works including The Library of Babel. For 10 points\u2014name this blind Argentinean author of \"El Aleph\" and Ficciones.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 318 ], [ 319, 396 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Robert Alexander {Schumann}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He invented a device to keep his fourth finger rigid while playing the piano; the device eventually deformed his hand.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Schumann", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b2e1", "qanta_id": 82655, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He invented a device to keep his fourth finger rigid while playing the piano; the device eventually deformed his hand. He gave names to aspects of his personality such as the introspective Eusebius and, after a Beethoven character, the impulsive Florestan. His works include Papillons (pah-pee-YOHN) and Carnaval for piano as well as the opera Genoveva. His wife, the pianist Clara Wieck (VEEK), had him institutionalized after a suicide attempt. For 10 points\u2014name this German composer of the Spring Symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 256 ], [ 257, 353 ], [ 354, 446 ], [ 447, 510 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "The {Red and the Black} [or Le {rouge et le noir}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After the main character's execution, his mistress buries his head in a cave.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Red_and_the_Black", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b374", "qanta_id": 82801, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After the main character's execution, his mistress buries his head in a cave. The protagonist refuses to join the lumber business of his bourgeois friend Fouque. While studying at the seminary at Bensan\u00e7on, the protagonist is supported by the Abb\u00e9 Ch\u00e9lan and the Abb\u00e9 Pirard, though he is done in by the machinations of Valenod, who reveals his affair with Madame de R\u00eanal. For 10 points\u2014identify this novel centering on Julien Sorel, by Stendahl.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 161 ], [ 162, 373 ], [ 374, 447 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Luigi {Pirandello}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Initially supporting Mussolini, he gave his 1934 Nobel medal to the Italian government to be melted down for use against Abyssinia, but he later expressed his worries about fascism in The Mountain Giants.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Luigi_Pirandello", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b379", "qanta_id": 82806, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Initially supporting Mussolini, he gave his 1934 Nobel medal to the Italian government to be melted down for use against Abyssinia, but he later expressed his worries about fascism in The Mountain Giants. In his play Tonight We Improvise, the action takes place entirely within the audience, and his wife's insanity inspired Henry IV. For 10 points\u2014name this Italian playwright who wrote of a confused family of actors wandering into the wrong play in Six Characters in Search of an Author.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 224 ], [ 225, 334 ], [ 335, 490 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Charles Camille {Saint-Saens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In 1871 he helped to found the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale de Musique after studying under Benoist and Hal\u00e9vy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Camille_Saint-Sa\u00ebns", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b386", "qanta_id": 82819, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1871 he helped to found the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale de Musique after studying under Benoist and Hal\u00e9vy. He went to England in 1902 to write Edward VII's coronation march. His operas include Les Barbares, Etienne Marcel, Proserpine, and Samson et Delila. For 10 points\u2014name this composer of Carnaval des animaux and La Danse Macabre.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 167 ], [ 168, 250 ], [ 251, 329 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Philip Milton {Roth}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His second novel, When She Was Good, failed to recapture the success he obtained with Letting Go.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philip_Roth", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b39a", "qanta_id": 82839, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His second novel, When She Was Good, failed to recapture the success he obtained with Letting Go. His other novels include My Life as a Man and The Great American Novel, which were followed up by 1979's The Ghost Writer, introducing his reoccurring character Nathan Zuckerman. For 10 points\u2014name this American author of Goodbye, Columbus, who also wrote American Pastoral and Portnoy's Complaint.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 276 ], [ 277, 396 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "\u201c{To His Coy Mistress}\u201d", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The poet implores his lover to \"Let us roll all our strength and all / Our sweetness up into one ball.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "To_His_Coy_Mistress", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b3b1", "qanta_id": 82862, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The poet implores his lover to \"Let us roll all our strength and all / Our sweetness up into one ball.\" He appears exasperated with her, declaring that he would love her ten years before the Flood and she would refuse him till the conversion of the Jews, thereby seizing on the carpe diem theme common among metaphysical poets. For 10 points\u2014\"Had we but world enough, and time\" begins what Andrew Marvell poem?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 327 ], [ 328, 410 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "The {Rite of Spring} [or Le {Sacre du Printemps}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Its instrumentation includes quintuple winds, eight horns, five trumpets, and two tubas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Rite_of_Spring", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b3b7", "qanta_id": 82868, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its instrumentation includes quintuple winds, eight horns, five trumpets, and two tubas. Derisive laughter greeted the opening bars of this work, played on the highest registers of a solo bassoon. Calling for the largest orchestra ever used by its composer, this bipartite work ends with the depiction of a Totentanz, in which the \"chosen one\" dances herself to death as an offering to the pagan god Yarillo. For 10 points\u2014name this work which caused a riot on May 28, 1913 in Paris, a ballet by Igor Stravinsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 196 ], [ 197, 408 ], [ 409, 512 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{collagen}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One disease caused by a defect in the synthesis of two types of this molecule is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and another disease associated with its synthesis leads to kidney failure and is called Allport Syndrome.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Collagen", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b5fb", "qanta_id": 83358, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One disease caused by a defect in the synthesis of two types of this molecule is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and another disease associated with its synthesis leads to kidney failure and is called Allport Syndrome. This molecule's synthesis is impaired in scurvy, because vitamin C is required to form its hydroxyproline residues. This protein is arranged in an alternating pattern with glycine, proline, and other amino acids to form a triple helix. For 10 points, name this protein found in tendons, bones, and skin, the most abundant protein in human beings, which is the main component of connective tissue.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 211, 326 ], [ 327, 446 ], [ 447, 607 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Friction}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Painleve paradoxes appear when considering this phenomenon for rigid bodies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friction", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b604", "qanta_id": 83367, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Painleve paradoxes appear when considering this phenomenon for rigid bodies. Along with gravity and particle shape, the angle of repose of granular materials depends on the arctangent of this value in a situation to that of a block on an inclined plane. Common approximations for this phenomenon state that it is independent of contact area and relative velocity, so a simple equation for this force sets it equal to mu times the normal force, and that coefficient may be static or kinetic. For 10 points, name this force that opposes motions.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 257 ], [ 258, 494 ], [ 495, 547 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Sine} of X [accept basically anything in place of \"X\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Fourier transform of this function divided by its argument is the box function.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trigonometric_functions", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b60b", "qanta_id": 83374, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Fourier transform of this function divided by its argument is the box function. A hyperbolic analogue of this function is equal to the difference between two exponential terms. This function's MacLauren series expansion only contains odd powers of X. This function is positive only in the first two quadrants, and its reciprocal function is cosecant. Its namesake law states that this function divided by the opposite side length is equal for each vertex of a triangle. For a right triangle, this function is equal to the opposite side over the hypotenuse. For 10 points, name this odd trigonometric function paired with cosine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 180 ], [ 181, 354 ], [ 355, 473 ], [ 474, 560 ], [ 561, 632 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Niels {Bohr}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man names a length scale equal to H bar over the electron rest mass times C time alpha which is proportional to the mean radius of the ground state hydrogen orbit and longer than the Compton wavelength.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Niels_Bohr", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b60f", "qanta_id": 83378, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man names a length scale equal to H bar over the electron rest mass times C time alpha which is proportional to the mean radius of the ground state hydrogen orbit and longer than the Compton wavelength. One model by this man reproduced the Rydberg formula. The Sommerfeld-Wilson quantization condition extended this man's early work on a certain quantum mechanical model, which assumed that electrons traveled in circular orbits and would later be replaced by Heisenberg's quantum theory. For 10 points, name this Danish physicist whose model of the atom displaced Rutherford's.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 208, 261 ], [ 262, 493 ], [ 494, 583 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "George Frideric {Handel}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He produced three versions of his oratorio The Triumph of Time and Truth and set the poetry of John Milton to music in his work L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato. \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b619", "qanta_id": 83388, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He produced three versions of his oratorio The Triumph of Time and Truth and set the poetry of John Milton to music in his work L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato. \"La R\u00e9jouissance\" and \"La Paix: Largo alla siciliana\" are two movements of one work by this man, and another work by him features an \"Alla Hornpipe\" ending one of the three suites it's comprised of. Those works include one written to celebrate the end of the War of Austrian Succession, Music for the Royal Fireworks as well as Water Music. His most famous work includes the tenor aria \"Every valley shall be exalted\" and also contains the famous \"Hallelujah Chorus\". For 10 points, name this German Baroque composer of Messiah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 169, 366 ], [ 367, 508 ], [ 509, 635 ], [ 636, 696 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Crime and Punishment}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The main character of this novel witnesses somebody attempt to commit suicide by jumping off of a bridge after speaking to Zamyotov, and earlier, that character had a dream where he remembers a horse being beaten to death in the street.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Crime_and_Punishment", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b632", "qanta_id": 83413, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The main character of this novel witnesses somebody attempt to commit suicide by jumping off of a bridge after speaking to Zamyotov, and earlier, that character had a dream where he remembers a horse being beaten to death in the street. The main character's sister is courted by the pompous Luzhin, although that sister, Dunya, ends up marrying an old school friend of the main character named Razumikhin. Marmeledov is killed by a horse carriage in this work. Earlier in this novel, the main character borrows an axe from a shed and kills the moneylender Alyona Ivanova. For ten points, name this work about the murderer Raskolnikov, a novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 236 ], [ 237, 405 ], [ 406, 460 ], [ 461, 571 ], [ 572, 664 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Brownian Motion}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This phenomenon is the original inspiration for the Langevin equation, but that description breaks down at small timescales because inertial forces overcome thermal ones.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brownian_motion", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b637", "qanta_id": 83418, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This phenomenon is the original inspiration for the Langevin equation, but that description breaks down at small timescales because inertial forces overcome thermal ones. This phenomenon is the subject of the second of the Annus Mirabilis papers in 1905, where he assumed that this problem satisfies the diffusion equation to show that the distance travelled is proportional to the square root of time elapsed. A Scottish Botanist discovered this phenomenon while looking at pollen grains in water but it was first explained comprehensively by Einstein. For 10 points, name this process, the random motion of tiny particles in a fluid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 410 ], [ 411, 553 ], [ 554, 635 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{J}ohann {S}ebastian {Bach} [prompt on {Bach} or {J. Bach}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The composer wrote that the pedal is treated entirely obbligato in the title page of his collection of 46 chorale preludes, Orgelb\u00fcchlein.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b64c", "qanta_id": 83439, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The composer wrote that the pedal is treated entirely obbligato in the title page of his collection of 46 chorale preludes, Orgelb\u00fcchlein. One of his more famous works has 14 sections marked \"Contrapunctus\" and he used the bassline of Andre Raison in his work Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor. This composer included a six part ricercar in his The Musical Offering, and he also composed The Art of the Fugue. This man helped the insomniac Count Kaiserling fall asleep by composing him the Goldberg Variations. Also known for six works composed for the margrave Christian Ludwig, for 10 points, name this creator of the Brandenburg Concertos, a famous composer from the German Baroque era.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 293 ], [ 294, 408 ], [ 409, 509 ], [ 510, 688 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The {Glass Menagerie}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this play, one character is gifted with a rainbow colored scarf from a magic show, and that character's father is presented as one who escaped a coffin without removing a single nail.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Glass_Menagerie", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b64f", "qanta_id": 83442, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this play, one character is gifted with a rainbow colored scarf from a magic show, and that character's father is presented as one who escaped a coffin without removing a single nail. One character's high school nickname is a corruption of pleurosis, and the narrator of this spends several scenes soliloquising on the fire escape. One character in this play used money to join the merchant marine, and as a result the lights shut off in this play's seventh scene. The climax of this play occurs at dinner, when Amanda tries to set her shy daughter up with a potential suitor. Tom Wingfield narrates, for 10 points, what this Tennessee Williams play in which Jim shatters Laura's model unicorn?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 186 ], [ 187, 334 ], [ 335, 467 ], [ 468, 579 ], [ 580, 697 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{PCR} [accept {Polymerase Chain Reaction}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "HDA is a low temperature alternative to this process that fails for high BP count, and speed can be increased in hot-start variants.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymerase_chain_reaction", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b650", "qanta_id": 83443, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "HDA is a low temperature alternative to this process that fails for high BP count, and speed can be increased in hot-start variants. The Klenow fragment was the original enzyme used in this process, though its instability at high temperatures led it to be replaced by the homologous protein from Thermus aquaticus. This process occurs via repeated steps of thermal cycling through denaturing, annealing, and elongating phases. That enzyme adds nucleotide bases to match a template strand, forming a copy. For 10 points, name this technique to create many copies of a single piece of DNA.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 314 ], [ 315, 426 ], [ 427, 504 ], [ 505, 587 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Perseus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Dictys the fisherman once found this man and a relative washed ashore.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b653", "qanta_id": 83446, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Dictys the fisherman once found this man and a relative washed ashore. This man's most famous action required a knapsack given by the Hesperides and resulted in the birth of Chrysaor. In another adventure, he would defeat the sea-monster Cetus to rescue the daughter of Cassiopeia, Andromeda. His grandfather had put his mother and him in a chest out of fear of a prophecy saying he would be killed by his daughter's son. Born when his mother Danae was seduced in the form of a shower of gold, for 10 points, name this founder of Mycenae and killer of the Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 183 ], [ 184, 292 ], [ 293, 421 ], [ 422, 563 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{tree}s", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The ancient Egyptian story \"The Tale of the Two Brothers\" details the placement of the soul within a flower at the top of one of these objects, and one of these objects in Hindu myth is the Asvattha.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tree", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b66a", "qanta_id": 83469, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The ancient Egyptian story \"The Tale of the Two Brothers\" details the placement of the soul within a flower at the top of one of these objects, and one of these objects in Hindu myth is the Asvattha. In Norse myth one of these objects is chewed on by the dragon Nidhogg. A Jewish festival that celebrates these objects is called Tu B'shvat, while the Buddha is said to have gained enlightenment after mediating near the \"Bodhi\" one of these. One of these objects is forbidden to Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, though they may eat from the one \"of Life.\" For 10 points, name these objects that traditionally have presents placed beneath them at Christmas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 270 ], [ 271, 441 ], [ 442, 558 ], [ 559, 659 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Semiconductor}s [accept diode before \"depletion region\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "DVD players use this type of material in their reader lasers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Semiconductor", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b675", "qanta_id": 83480, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "DVD players use this type of material in their reader lasers. When two of these materials with different properties come together, a depletion region forms at their common boundary, and the resulting circuit element allows current to travel in only one direction. The defining feature of these materials is a band gap separating the valence and conduction bands. These materials can be n-doped or p-doped depending on the sign of the dominant charge carrier, and common examples of these materials include gallium arsenide and silicon. For 10 points, name these materials with properties between those of insulators and conductors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 263 ], [ 264, 362 ], [ 363, 535 ], [ 536, 631 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Pablo {Neruda} [accept Neftal\u00ed Ricardo {Reyes Basoalto}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poem by this author says of the title object \"you are not tomb, sepulcher, grave, tumulus mausoleum, but guard and keeper, hidden fire.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b683", "qanta_id": 83494, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One poem by this author says of the title object \"you are not tomb, sepulcher, grave, tumulus mausoleum, but guard and keeper, hidden fire.\" That Ode to the Dictionary is collected with odes to Tuna and Criticism. One poem by this author begins \"The memory of you emerges from the night around me\" and follows poems entitled \"I like you to be still\" and \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines.\" Another collection by this author contains cantos titled The Earth's Name is Juan and The Heights of Macchu Picchu. For 10 points, name this Chilean poet of Canto General and Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 213 ], [ 214, 394 ], [ 395, 510 ], [ 511, 610 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Michelangelo Merisi da {Caravaggio}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one painting by this artist, Joseph sits next to a lake holding up some sheet music next for an angel who faces away from the viewer while playing a violin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Caravaggio", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b68d", "qanta_id": 83504, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one painting by this artist, Joseph sits next to a lake holding up some sheet music next for an angel who faces away from the viewer while playing a violin. In another painting by this artist, Mary Magdalene is curled up and weeping at the side of the bed of the red-clad corpse of Mary. This artist of Rest on the Flight into Egypt and that controversial Death of the Virgin also painted Jesus reaching down towards a seemingly glowing St. Paul about to be trampled by a horse. In this artist's most famous painting, Jesus' halo is made barely visible by the divine light that stretches out of the top left corner. For ten points, name this tenebrism-loving Italian artist who painted The Card Sharps and Jesus effortlessly pointing at the titular tax collector in The Calling of St. Matthew.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 290 ], [ 291, 481 ], [ 482, 618 ], [ 619, 796 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Vidiadhar Surajprasad {Naipaul}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this author includes a story that sees Santosh follow his employer and move to Washington D.C., only to run away and get a job in Priya's restaurant.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "V._S._Naipaul", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b698", "qanta_id": 83515, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this author includes a story that sees Santosh follow his employer and move to Washington D.C., only to run away and get a job in Priya's restaurant. That story, \"One Out of Many,\" was collected with \"Tell Me Who To Kill\" and a story that sees the homosexual Bobby seek refuge in Africa in this man's In a Free State. In another novel by this author, the shopkeeper Salim settles in an African country ruled by the Big Man. The author of A Bend in the River and Miguel Street is, for ten points, what man who wrote about Mohun's obsession with escaping his in-laws and building the title structure for himself in A House for Mr. Biswas?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 329 ], [ 330, 435 ], [ 436, 648 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Wolfgang Amadeus {Mozart}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer purchased a starling to sing a section of his Piano Concerto No. 17, which was eventually performed by his pupil Barbara Ployer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b6a6", "qanta_id": 83529, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer purchased a starling to sing a section of his Piano Concerto No. 17, which was eventually performed by his pupil Barbara Ployer. He would mock Joseph Leutgeb in the score for his Horn Concertos, and wrote symphonies given nicknames like \"Paris\" and \"Prague.\" He would use Mannheim rockets in the fourth movement of his more famous 40th \"Great\" symphony which would precede his 41st and last symphony. The second movement is marked \"Romanze\" in a serenade he wrote, and his requiem was left unfinished at his death before being completed by Franz Sussmayr. For 10 points, name this composer of Eine Kleine Nachtmusik and the Jupiter Symphony, who also wrote operas like The Magic Flute.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 272 ], [ 273, 414 ], [ 415, 569 ], [ 570, 699 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Cystic Fibrosis }[accept {CF}]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This disease can lead to a namesake type of diabetes because it can cause damage in the islets of Langerhans, which make insulin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cystic_fibrosis", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b6a7", "qanta_id": 83530, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This disease can lead to a namesake type of diabetes because it can cause damage in the islets of Langerhans, which make insulin. It can be caused by several mutations but delta F508 is the most common one and leads to the lack of a protein that mediates the opening of chloride channels, causing water to be drawn from the cell. It is often diagnosed with a sweat test, and then treatment includes regular percussing the chest to dislodge mucus. For ten points, name this autosomal recessive disease that causes the buildup of mucus in the lungs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 329 ], [ 330, 446 ], [ 447, 547 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Finn McCool} or {Finn mac Cumhail} or {Deimne}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story, this figure encounters a ram who knocks food off his table, along with a young woman and an old man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fionn_mac_Cumhaill", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b6a9", "qanta_id": 83532, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story, this figure encounters a ram who knocks food off his table, along with a young woman and an old man. This figure drowns nine opponents when they are commanded to drown him after being defeated by this figure at a game of hurling, and his son is birthed by the deer woman Sadbh and is named Oisin. This man kills a figure who kills his father by arming himself with magical weapons from a crane-skin bag; that enemy's name is Goll MacMorna. This figure's most famous characteristic is his ability to gain clairvoyance after sticking his thumb in his mouth, a result of burning it on the Salmon of Knowledge. For 10 points, identify this Irish hero of the Fenian Cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 310 ], [ 311, 453 ], [ 454, 620 ], [ 621, 681 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Ethiopia}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country defeated an invasion by an eastern neighbor with the aid of Cuban troops in the Ogaden War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethiopia", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b6ac", "qanta_id": 83535, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country defeated an invasion by an eastern neighbor with the aid of Cuban troops in the Ogaden War. It sent the Kagnew Brigade as part of the United Nations forces during the Korean War. The fact that the Treaty of Wuchale meant different things in different languages led to a battle in which the winning side was advised by Nikolay Leontiev. That battle saw this country's forces defeat troops under Oreste Baratieri to win sovereignty under King Menelik II from Italy. The battle of Adowa was fought in, for ten points, what East African country, bordered by Somalia and Sudan, with capital Addis Ababa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 191 ], [ 192, 348 ], [ 349, 476 ], [ 477, 611 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Proton} [prompt on \"Hydrogen nucleus\" or \"Hydrogen ion\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The never observed decay of this particle is one test for proposed GUTs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Proton", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b6bc", "qanta_id": 83551, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The never observed decay of this particle is one test for proposed GUTs. Most cosmic rays consist of high energy examples of this particle. Along with a slightly heavier particle, this particle's interior composition is predicted by QCD. The major nuclear reaction in the sun is named for this particle, four of which are converted into a heavier particle in on turn of the cycle. This baryon is formed from two up quarks and a down quark, giving it a positive charge. One of these particles and an electron are the products of beta decay. For 10 points, name this particle found in the atomic nucleus along with the neutron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 139 ], [ 140, 237 ], [ 238, 380 ], [ 381, 468 ], [ 469, 539 ], [ 540, 625 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Shiloh} (accept Pittsburg Landing)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The leader of the winning side came into this battle with the goal of attacking the Charleston Railroad, and one side aimed to drive the other into the swamps of Owl Creek and prevent a link-up with Don Carlos Buell's Army of the Ohio.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Shiloh", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b7fb", "qanta_id": 83869, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The leader of the winning side came into this battle with the goal of attacking the Charleston Railroad, and one side aimed to drive the other into the swamps of Owl Creek and prevent a link-up with Don Carlos Buell's Army of the Ohio. The day after this battle was over, Nathan Bedford Forrest led a charge which served as the beginning of the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The tide turned in this battle when forces led by Benjamin Prentiss and W.H.L. Wallace defended the position nicknamed the \"Hornet's Nest\" at this battle. A victory for Grant's Army of the Tennessee. FTP, identify this April 1862 Civil War battle fought in Tennessee following the capture of Fort Donelson.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 235 ], [ 236, 370 ], [ 371, 525 ], [ 526, 570 ], [ 571, 677 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Gibbs} free energy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "For redox reactions, it is equal to the charge transferred times the potential, and it can be written as the product of the negative of the ideal gas constant, temperature, and the natural logarithm of the equilibrium constant.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gibbs_free_energy", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b81f", "qanta_id": 83905, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "For redox reactions, it is equal to the charge transferred times the potential, and it can be written as the product of the negative of the ideal gas constant, temperature, and the natural logarithm of the equilibrium constant. Equal to zero for a system in equilibrium, it is equivalent to internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume minus the product of temperature and entropy, and when the change in it is negative, a reaction is spontaneous. FTP, identify this type of energy named for an American scientist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 227 ], [ 228, 458 ], [ 459, 525 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{feldspar}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Most plagioclaste ones exhibit albite twinning while all are triclinic, while alkali ones can be found in acidic igneous rocks such as granites.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Feldspar", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b82b", "qanta_id": 83917, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Most plagioclaste ones exhibit albite twinning while all are triclinic, while alkali ones can be found in acidic igneous rocks such as granites. Solid solution plays a significant part in the rock making ones, known as aluminosilicates, and members exhibit two cleavages at a 90 degree angle. One member is commercially sold as soda spar, and those that show opalescence are sold as moonstones. Including labradorite and orthoclase, FTP, identify this group of minerals, number 6 on Mohs' scale of hardness.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 292 ], [ 293, 394 ], [ 395, 507 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Sikh}ism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The repetition of God's name is the only ritual practiced by the Namdhari sect of it, and Dayal Das founded the Nirankari sect on account of disapproval of the Khalsa brotherhood.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b830", "qanta_id": 83922, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The repetition of God's name is the only ritual practiced by the Namdhari sect of it, and Dayal Das founded the Nirankari sect on account of disapproval of the Khalsa brotherhood. Services are concluded with consumption of karah prasad, and initiation involves the consumption of amrit. Arjun compiled the first version of its sacred text, the Adi Granth, and followers are taught to adhere to the five K's, which include the growing one's hair and the carrying a kirpan, a double-edged dagger. FTP, identify this religion founded by Guru Nanak.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 286 ], [ 287, 494 ], [ 495, 545 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Howl}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Among the actions the narrator sees performed are eating \"fire in paint hotels\" and drinking \"turpentine in Paradise Alley\", and the people the speaker sees \"got busted in their pubic beards returning through Laredo.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Howl", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b846", "qanta_id": 83944, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Among the actions the narrator sees performed are eating \"fire in paint hotels\" and drinking \"turpentine in Paradise Alley\", and the people the speaker sees \"got busted in their pubic beards returning through Laredo.\" At the beginning of the second section, he asks \"what sphinx of cement and aluminium bashed open their skulls and ate up their brains and imagination\" and spends most of it describing Moloch. The last section elaborates on how the narrator is with the poem's dedicatee, Carl Solomon, in Rockland, while the first section describes people who are \"starving hysterical naked.\" FTP, the narrator \"saw the best minds of his generation destroyed by madness\" in what poem by Alan Ginsberg?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 409 ], [ 410, 591 ], [ 591, 592 ], [ 593, 701 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Decameron}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During each day in this work, someone different was king or queen, and among the characters in this collection are a woman who hides her lover in her butt and a man who fed his future wife his own falcon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Decameron", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b848", "qanta_id": 83946, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During each day in this work, someone different was king or queen, and among the characters in this collection are a woman who hides her lover in her butt and a man who fed his future wife his own falcon. Gualtieri pretends to marry his own daughter and have his mother plan the wedding, and after finding the head of their former business partner, Isabetta's brothers leave and she dies of a broken heart in this collection. The central group in this story are holed up in a villa, as they all fled a plague that had taken over Florence. FTP, identify the collection of ten stories written by Giovanni Boccaccio.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 425 ], [ 426, 538 ], [ 539, 613 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Marcel {Duchamp}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He authored The Green Box, a work which contains ninety-three documents concerning the production of his work The Large Glass, and a suitcase of small reproductions is known as Boite-en-valise.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Duchamp", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b84f", "qanta_id": 83953, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He authored The Green Box, a work which contains ninety-three documents concerning the production of his work The Large Glass, and a suitcase of small reproductions is known as Boite-en-valise. At his death, a work involving a waterfall and illuminating gas was unfinished, and at the Armory Show, the painting he submitted was described as \"an explosion in a shingle factory.\" In a notable parody, he added a moustache and goatee to the Mona Lisa, and his Fountain is simply a porcelain urinal. FTP, identify this artist, the creator of Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 and several Readymade works.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 377 ], [ 378, 495 ], [ 496, 601 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{mitochondria} (accept mitochondrion)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Respiratory chain dysfunction in these has been linked to ALS and Alzheimer's, while Leigh's disease is caused by a mutation within them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b859", "qanta_id": 83963, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Respiratory chain dysfunction in these has been linked to ALS and Alzheimer's, while Leigh's disease is caused by a mutation within them. Also referred to as a chondriosomes, the tricarboxylic acid cycle occurs within them, and oxidative phosphorylation occurs within tem. They contain the enzymes involved in the Krebs cycle, and its inner membrane is folded into cristae. FTP, name these organelles that generates most of the cell's supply of ATP, the \"power-plant\" of a cell.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 272 ], [ 273, 373 ], [ 374, 478 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Hedda Gabler}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The events that transpire at the end of this play stem from a stag party, and at the beginning of Act 4, everyone is wearing black due to the death of Rina.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hedda_Gabler", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b874", "qanta_id": 83990, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The events that transpire at the end of this play stem from a stag party, and at the beginning of Act 4, everyone is wearing black due to the death of Rina. The husband of the title character spends his honeymoon searching for books on the history of civilization, and his wife is so bored, she plays with pistols for entertainment, one of which ends up causing the death of Eilert Lovborg, the rival of George Tessman. FTP, identify the play by Henrik Ibsen in which the title female shoots herself at the end.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 419 ], [ 420, 511 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{ether}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Grignard reagents cannot form without the presence of one of these compounds, and tetrahydrofuran is a cyclic version of one of them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b875", "qanta_id": 83991, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Grignard reagents cannot form without the presence of one of these compounds, and tetrahydrofuran is a cyclic version of one of them. Oxonium compounds are formed when they react with strong inorganic or Lewis acids, and oxidation of them results in an unstable peroxide, and they can be formed dehydration of an alcohol or catalytic hydration of an olefin. Manufactured via Williamson synthesis, specialized ones that that surround specific metal ions are referred to as \"crown\" types. FTP, identify this class of organic compounds that features an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 357 ], [ 358, 486 ], [ 487, 589 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "John {Coltrane}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first recorded solo by this musician can be heard on \"We Love to Boogie\", and the inspiration of Johnny Hodges and Lester Young can be heard in his phrasing and portamento.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Coltrane", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b879", "qanta_id": 83995, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first recorded solo by this musician can be heard on \"We Love to Boogie\", and the inspiration of Johnny Hodges and Lester Young can be heard in his phrasing and portamento. On \"Harmonique\" he utilized the technique of multiphonics he learned from Theolonius Monk, and in 1958 he rejoined the Miles Davis quintet, contributing to Milestones and Kind of Blue. The creator of the improvisation technique known as \"sheets of sound,\" FTP, identify this jazz saxophonist and bandleader.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 361 ], [ 362, 484 ] ], "tournament": "UIUC High School Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Gaius Julius {Caesar}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This historical figure raised a fleet against pirates who had kidnapped him, and he later crucified them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Julius_Caesar", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b889", "qanta_id": 84011, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This historical figure raised a fleet against pirates who had kidnapped him, and he later crucified them. He begins one work noting that \"the whole of Gaul is divided into three parts\" in his Commentaries on the Gallic Wars. This man defeated (*) Vercingetorix and served as Pontifex Maximus, but is most well-known for his actions on the Italian border, when he disregarded Pompey and crossed the Rubicon. For ten points, name this Roman dictator who claimed \"veni, vidi, vici\" and was murdered by conspirators like Brutus on the Ides of March.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 224 ], [ 225, 408 ], [ 408, 546 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Hector {Berlioz}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's works includes an opera in two acts with a libretto based on Shakespeare's Much Ado", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hector_Berlioz", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b88f", "qanta_id": 84017, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's works includes an opera in two acts with a libretto based on Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing. In addition to B\u00e9atrice et B\u00e9n\u00e9dict, this man also wrote the music for an opera based on the life of the Florentine sculptor of Perseus with the Head of Medusa, (*) Benvenuto Cellini. His most famous work features a series of pizzicato notes in the fourth movement, representing the rolling of a severed head, followed by a series of G major chords. For ten points, name this French composer of a work including sections titled \"Dream of a Witches' Sabbath\" and \"March to the Scaffold,\" Symphonie Fantastique.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 116 ], [ 117, 300 ], [ 301, 466 ], [ 467, 626 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Indonesia}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation owns most of the Sunda Islands, and is the site of the Lake Toba.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b895", "qanta_id": 84023, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This nation owns most of the Sunda Islands, and is the site of the Lake Toba. Its more well-known islands include the site of the volcano Tambora, and it controls Sulawesi. This nation shares (*) Kalimantan with Brunei and Malaysia, an island which is also known as Borneo, and this site of Krakatoa is also the owner of the most populous island on the planet. Sumatra and Java are located in, for ten points, which large Southeast Asian country with capital at Jakarta?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 172 ], [ 173, 277 ], [ 278, 360 ], [ 361, 470 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Thor}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god asked Alvis questions until the sun turned that dwarf to stone, and he killed the giant Thrym while dressed as Freya.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b89a", "qanta_id": 84028, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god asked Alvis questions until the sun turned that dwarf to stone, and he killed the giant Thrym while dressed as Freya. His son Magni will inherit his weapon upon his death, and his wife (*) Sif's long golden hair was cut off by Loki. He will kill and be killed by Jormungandr at Ragnorak, and he wields a hammer which always returns when thrown called Mjolnir. For ten points, who is this Norse thunder god, the namesake of the fourth weekday?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 197 ], [ 198, 241 ], [ 242, 368 ], [ 369, 451 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Leonardo da Vinci} (accept either of the underlined parts)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this artist's earliest paintings contains an angel in the lower left-hand section that many believe is a self-portrait.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonardo_da_Vinci", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b89e", "qanta_id": 84032, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this artist's earliest paintings contains an angel in the lower left-hand section that many believe is a self-portrait. In addition to painting The Baptism of Christ, this man was among the first to use sfumato in his portrait of Ginevra de Benci. One of his most famous murals is housed in the refectory of the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in (*) Milan and was damaged when one of Napoleon's soldiers used the refectory as a stable. For ten points, name this artist of The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 254 ], [ 255, 449 ], [ 450, 520 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "George {Washington}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man stopped the Newburgh Conspiracy and led a death-free retreat after the Battle of Long Island.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b8a3", "qanta_id": 84037, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man stopped the Newburgh Conspiracy and led a death-free retreat after the Battle of Long Island. He warned against \"entangling alliances\" during his farewell address and was president during the (*) Citizen Genet Affair. He was the only sitting president to lead troops into battle, doing so during the Whiskey Rebellion. For ten points, name this American commander-in- chief during the Revolutionary War, the first President of the United States.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 226 ], [ 227, 327 ], [ 328, 454 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{South Africa}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One play from this country sees Hally lash out at Sam and Willie in Master Harold...and the Boys and another author from this country wrote Waiting for the Barbarians and The Life and Times of Michael K on his way to the 2003 Nobel Prize.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "South_Africa", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b8af", "qanta_id": 84049, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One play from this country sees Hally lash out at Sam and Willie in Master Harold...and the Boys and another author from this country wrote Waiting for the Barbarians and The Life and Times of Michael K on his way to the 2003 Nobel Prize. In addition to being the home of (*) Athol Fugard and J.M. Coetzee, this country was also the origin of the author of July's People and The Conservationist. The home to Nadine Gordimer is, for ten points, which country that is also the home of Nelson Mandela, many of whose authors protested apartheid rule?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 238 ], [ 239, 273 ], [ 273, 396 ], [ 397, 547 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Angular momentum}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity is equal to the principal quantum number times Planck's constant over 2 times pi and the coupling of this quantity is used to correct for orbital resonance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Angular_momentum", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b8b5", "qanta_id": 84055, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity is equal to the principal quantum number times Planck's constant over 2 times pi and the coupling of this quantity is used to correct for orbital resonance. The Kerr metric describes black holes for which this quantity is nonzero, and for a particle in circular orbit, the magnitude of this quantity is equal to (*) mvr. This property explains how a gyroscope can remain upright while spinning, and the time derivative of this quantity is torque. For ten points, name this vector quantity, denoted L, the product of moment of inertia and angular velocity, the rotational analogue of a quantity equal to mass times velocity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 334 ], [ 335, 460 ], [ 461, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Daniel {Webster}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man gave what is often considered the \"most eloquent speech in Congress,\" his reply to Hayne, and he supported the Compromise of 1850 in the \"Seventh of March speech.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Daniel_Webster", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b8d6", "qanta_id": 84088, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man gave what is often considered the \"most eloquent speech in Congress,\" his reply to Hayne, and he supported the Compromise of 1850 in the \"Seventh of March speech.\" As Secretary of State in 1842, he helped end of the Aroostook War and settle the dispute over the location of the (*) Maine border in a treaty named for him and Ashburton. For ten points, name this Massachusetts senator, who, along with John Calhoun and Henry Clay, was part of the Great Triumvirate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 344 ], [ 345, 473 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{carbon dioxide} (accept {CO2} before \u201coxygen\u201d, afterward, prompt)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In 1986, large amounts of this compound erupted from the bottom of Lake Nyos.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carbon_dioxide", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b8d7", "qanta_id": 84089, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1986, large amounts of this compound erupted from the bottom of Lake Nyos. In the Sabatier process, this molecule reacts with hydrogen to produce methane and water. The abundance of this molecule in the atmosphere is 388 ppm, making it the second most common (*) greenhouse gas after water vapor. For ten points, identify this chemical compound, a byproduct of cellular respiration, consisting of a carbon atom covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 167 ], [ 168, 299 ], [ 300, 452 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Mann}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's last works sees Rosalie fall in love with an American- born tutor before dying of cancer, and, in another, the hypnotist Cipolla represents fascist Europe.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Mann", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b8da", "qanta_id": 84092, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's last works sees Rosalie fall in love with an American- born tutor before dying of cancer, and, in another, the hypnotist Cipolla represents fascist Europe. In addition to The Black Swan and Mario and the Magician, this man wrote a novella in which a man dies while attempting to get up to chat with (*) Tadzio; that man is Gustav von Aschenbach. Another of his novels describes the decline of a prosperous family living in Lubeck, this author's birthplace, and a third tells of Hans Castorp's stay in a sanatorium. For ten points, name this author of Death in Venice, Buddenbrooks, and The Magic Mountain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 363 ], [ 364, 532 ], [ 533, 623 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Titration}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Fischer type of this process is used to determine trace amounts of water in a sample, and the complexometric variety is particularly useful in determining the different metal ions present in a solution.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Titration", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b8ef", "qanta_id": 84113, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Fischer type of this process is used to determine trace amounts of water in a sample, and the complexometric variety is particularly useful in determining the different metal ions present in a solution. Although enthalpy change can be used to locate the (*) equivalence point in this process, that procedure is most often accomplished using indicators such as phenolphthalein. For ten points, identify this common laboratory technique used to determine the unknown concentration of a known reagent, commonly applied to acids and bases.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 380 ], [ 381, 539 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Anton {Chekhov}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's short stories describes a bet between two men about whether one can spend 15 years in solitary confinement, and in one of his plays, a pistol is fired at Serebryakov from close range by the title character.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton_Chekhov", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b8fb", "qanta_id": 84125, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's short stories describes a bet between two men about whether one can spend 15 years in solitary confinement, and in one of his plays, a pistol is fired at Serebryakov from close range by the title character. In addition to (*) Uncle Vanya, this man wrote a play about Trigorin, Nina, Irina, and Konstantin, who shoots himself not long after shooting the title bird, and his last and most famous play sees Lopakhin buy the title estate from Ranevskaya. For ten points, name this Russian author of The Seagull and The Cherry Orchard.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 224 ], [ 225, 468 ], [ 469, 548 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sergei Sergeyevich {Prokofiev}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's works, based on a fairy tale of the same title by Basile, sees a magician play cards with a witch who curses a prince with the title obsession, and in another, Andrei is encouraged to ask Natasha to dance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Prokofiev", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b909", "qanta_id": 84139, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's works, based on a fairy tale of the same title by Basile, sees a magician play cards with a witch who curses a prince with the title obsession, and in another, Andrei is encouraged to ask Natasha to dance. He composed his first opera at age 9, The Giant, and in another work, this composer of The (*)Love of Three Oranges associates the two title characters with the strings and the French horns, respectively. For ten points, name this composer of War and Peace, The Gambler, and Cinderella, who tells the story of a young boy living with his grandfather in Peter and the Wolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 223 ], [ 224, 428 ], [ 429, 596 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Johann Wolfgang von {Goethe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's works sees the title character bring his son Felix to the \"Pedagogical Province\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b911", "qanta_id": 84147, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's works sees the title character bring his son Felix to the \"Pedagogical Province\". In addition to writing about Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years, this man wrote a play which contains a scene where the title character is accompanied home from Easter celebrations by a poodle. That play also sees a poorly administered sleeping potion kill the mother of (*) Gretchen, the title character's love. In this man's most famous novel, the protagonist falls in love with a girl from Wahlheim, despite her engagement to Albert, and commits suicide when he realizes he can't have Lotte. For ten points, name this German author of Faust and The Sorrows of Young Werther.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 296 ], [ 297, 415 ], [ 416, 597 ], [ 598, 680 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Constantine the Great} (also accept {Constantine I}, {Saint Constantine}, {Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus}; prompt on {Constantine})", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man emerged victorious from a combat with a lion that he was forced into by Galerius, and he captured Ascaric and Merogaisus when the Franks invaded Gaul following his promotion to emperor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantine_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b916", "qanta_id": 84152, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man emerged victorious from a combat with a lion that he was forced into by Galerius, and he captured Ascaric and Merogaisus when the Franks invaded Gaul following his promotion to emperor. This ruler also reversed the persecutions of his predecessor by signing a letter with Licinius that proclaimed (*) religious toleration; that letter is the Edict of Milan, which was issued soon after the conclusion of the Diocletianic Persecution. Famously seeing a cross before the Battle of Milvian Bridge, this is, for ten points, which Roman Emperor, who ruled from 306 to 337 and converted his country to Christianity?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 442 ], [ 443, 618 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Benzene}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Clemmensen reduction is a reaction used to reduce acyl- types to alkyl- types of this compound, and hydrogenation of this compound can yield cyclohexane.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benzene", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b917", "qanta_id": 84153, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Clemmensen reduction is a reaction used to reduce acyl- types to alkyl- types of this compound, and hydrogenation of this compound can yield cyclohexane. This compound was first isolated in 1825 by Michael Faraday, who called it bicarburet of hydrogen, but its (*) structure was not discovered until 1865, when Friedrich August Kekul\u00e9 dreamed of a snake biting its own tail. Phenols contain a hydroxyl group bound to one of, for ten points, what organic compound with chemical formula C6H6, the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 378 ], [ 379, 529 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Madame Bovary}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Early in this novel, it is revealed that much of Heloise Dubec's wealth had been stolen by her lawyer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b925", "qanta_id": 84167, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Early in this novel, it is revealed that much of Heloise Dubec's wealth had been stolen by her lawyer. While in Yonville, the title character gives birth to Berthe and meets the merchant Lhereux, who sells her many items on credit. In this novel, the law clerk (*) L\u00e9on helps the protagonist gain access to her husband Charles's estate, and their romance begins soon after the conclusion of her three-year affair with Rodolphe. Ending with the title character's suicide by ingesting arsenic is, for ten points, what novel by Gustave Flaubert?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 231 ], [ 232, 427 ], [ 428, 542 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Sophocles}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a work in which a man is stranded on Lemnos after a foot wound received from a snake bite festers and smells really bad.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sophocles", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b932", "qanta_id": 84180, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a work in which a man is stranded on Lemnos after a foot wound received from a snake bite festers and smells really bad. In addition to that play about the man who killed Paris, Philoctetes, this man wrote a play in which Creon's decree that Polyneices' body may not be (*) buried causes the death of his son Haemon and the title character. Another of his plays ends with the main character stabbing his eyes out and his wife and mother Jocasta hanging herself. The creator of the Theban Plays, for ten points, name this ancient Greek tragedian, author of Antigone and Oedipus Rex.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 358 ], [ 359, 479 ], [ 480, 599 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{To Kill a Mockingbird}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the protagonist claims that the first of her ancestors to come to America was a fur-trader named Simon, while later on the protagonist's father says that the NRA was killed by nine old men.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "To_Kill_a_Mockingbird", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b934", "qanta_id": 84182, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, the protagonist claims that the first of her ancestors to come to America was a fur-trader named Simon, while later on the protagonist's father says that the NRA was killed by nine old men. In one incident in this novel, Miss Maudie's house catches on fire, while in another, a man shoots and kills a rabid dog. In her school Halloween pageant, the protagonist dresses up as a (*) ham, which hinders her from running away from an attacker on the way back home. That attacker, Bob Ewell, succeeds in charging Tom Robinson of rape even though Atticus Finch's evidence proves him to be lying. For ten points, name this coming-of-age novel set in Maycomb, Alabama, in which Boo Radley befriends Scout Finch, a work of Harper Lee.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 326 ], [ 327, 475 ], [ 476, 604 ], [ 605, 740 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Herman {Hesse}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, the protagonist drowns while swimming with Tito, not long after his studies in Castalia led him to become master of the title pursuit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b947", "qanta_id": 84201, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's works, the protagonist drowns while swimming with Tito, not long after his studies in Castalia led him to become master of the title pursuit. In another novel, the title character becomes a boatman and meets up with Govinda on his way to (*) Enlightenment. This man's most famous novel sees the protagonist follow the saxophonist Pablo to The Magic Theater and Hermine explain to Harry Haller how to live life. For ten points, name this German author of The Glass Bead Game, Siddhartha, and Steppenwolf.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 277 ], [ 278, 431 ], [ 432, 524 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Jane Eyre}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work is called a slattern by Miss Cratcherd; that character is Helen Burns, who befriends the protagonist of this novel, but dies of tuberculosis amid a typhus outbreak at Lowood.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jane_Eyre", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b94b", "qanta_id": 84205, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work is called a slattern by Miss Cratcherd; that character is Helen Burns, who befriends the protagonist of this novel, but dies of tuberculosis amid a typhus outbreak at Lowood. The title character of this novel then takes a job offered by Miss Fairfax, which is being the (*) governess of Adele at Thornfield Hall. While there, she thinks she learns about an attempt by Grace Poole to set the house on fire and kill Edward Rochester. For ten points, name this novel, the most famous work of Charlotte Bronte.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 201 ], [ 202, 339 ], [ 340, 458 ], [ 459, 533 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Ethiopia}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this country, who rose to power after the Zemene Mesafint, or the \"Age of the Princes\", asked Captain Charles Duncan Cameron to carry a letter to Queen Victoria, while another, Iyasu V, was excommunicated by the Orthodox Tewahido Church of this country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethiopia", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b94f", "qanta_id": 84209, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One ruler of this country, who rose to power after the Zemene Mesafint, or the \"Age of the Princes\", asked Captain Charles Duncan Cameron to carry a letter to Queen Victoria, while another, Iyasu V, was excommunicated by the Orthodox Tewahido Church of this country. This country was assisted by Ras Gobena's militia during its expansion, and finally united and modernized under Tewodros II. This country defeated (*) Italy at Adowa while led by Menelik II, but was later defeated while ruled by Haile Selassie, who is now the god of Rastafarianism. For ten points, name this country in the Horn of Africa with capital at Addis Adaba.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 266 ], [ 267, 391 ], [ 392, 549 ], [ 550, 634 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Loki}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god is the son of Laufey and Farbaui, and he had a child with the horse Svaoilfari.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Loki", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b954", "qanta_id": 84214, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god is the son of Laufey and Farbaui, and he had a child with the horse Svaoilfari. This god is currently bound by the entrails of his son, and a serpent drips venom on his head, which his wife Sigyn catches in a bowl. All that was punishment for this god making a magical spear out of (*) mistletoe, the only plant which hadn't promised Frigg not to harm her son, and this god is the father of Hel, the wolf Fenrir, and the \"World Serpent\" Jormungandr.For ten points, name this god who helped kill Baldr, the shape-shifting trickster of Norse mythology.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 223 ], [ 224, 458 ], [ 458, 559 ] ], "tournament": "Ladue Invitational Spring Tournament", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Madame Butterfly} (or {Madama Butterfly})", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of the duets in this opera is Amore o grillo, which means Love or Fancy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madama_Butterfly", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b977", "qanta_id": 84249, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of the duets in this opera is Amore o grillo, which means Love or Fancy. Some of the most famous lyrics translate as, \"Ah, love me a little, oh, just a very little, As you would love a baby, 'Tis all that I ask for.\" One of the characters, Sharpless, tries unsuccessfully to talk Pinkerton out of signing a wedding contract that is valid for nine hundred ninety-nine years but can be annulled at the end of each month. Three years later, Lieutenant Pinkerton finds out that Sharpless was right. Name this Puccini opera set in Nagasaki.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 220 ], [ 221, 422 ], [ 423, 498 ], [ 499, 539 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "(Salvador) Dali", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his works is titled The Ghost of Vermeer of Delft Which Can Be Used As a Table, and another is titled Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salvador_Dal\u00ed", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b97f", "qanta_id": 84257, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his works is titled The Ghost of Vermeer of Delft Which Can Be Used As a Table, and another is titled Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. He also created some strange objects, such as when he connected a plaster lobster to a telephone and when he made a sofa in the shape of Mae West's lips. Name this 20th Century Spanish surrealist whose most famous work is Persistence of Memory.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 346 ], [ 347, 369 ], [ 370, 437 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Octavius (Caesar)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Give this character's name as it is in Shakespeare's plays. Like Falstaff, he appears in two of them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Augustus", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b999", "qanta_id": 84283, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Give this character's name as it is in Shakespeare's plays. Like Falstaff, he appears in two of them. In Antony and Cleopatra, he wins a big sea battle, and much of the conflict in the play revolves around Antony's marriage to his sister. In another play, he says, \"Upon the right hand I; keep thou the left.\" Name this leader who joins with Marc Antony and Lepidus to form a Triumvirate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 238 ], [ 239, 309 ], [ 310, 388 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "(Charles Camille) Saint-Saens (prompt Saens)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He wrote a few pieces for the Spanish violinist Sarasate, including Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Camille_Saint-Sa\u00ebns", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b9a3", "qanta_id": 84293, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote a few pieces for the Spanish violinist Sarasate, including Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso. He was a close friend of Franz Liszt, to whom he dedicated his Third Symphony, nicknamed the Organ Symphony. He also composed thirteen operas, the best-known of which is Samson and Delilah, and in 1872 completed his Danse Macabre. He is perhaps best known for a suite of fourteen movements that includes Aquarium, Aviary, and Royal March of the Lion. Name this composer of The Carnival of the Animals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 212 ], [ 213, 334 ], [ 335, 454 ], [ 455, 505 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "(John Maynard) Keynes", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He attended the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919 and was very critical of the high reparations charges against Germany, but he wasn't German.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551b9c3", "qanta_id": 84325, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He attended the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919 and was very critical of the high reparations charges against Germany, but he wasn't German. He became controversial again years later when he argued that governments and businesses control the economic cycle more than consumers. He often argued in favor of full employment even when it was brought about by government deficit spending. Name this British economist who wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 281 ], [ 282, 388 ], [ 389, 481 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Macbeth (prompt The Scottish Play)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This Shakespeare play includes a General who, near the end of the work, praises his son who shared his name and died in battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Macbeth", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551ba20", "qanta_id": 84416, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This Shakespeare play includes a General who, near the end of the work, praises his son who shared his name and died in battle. In Act Four, the main character is advised to be bloody, bold, and resolute. This work contains Fleance, a character who flees when his father is murdered. The father is murdered after there is a prediction that his descendants will be Kings. The father's name is Banquo, and the prediction is made by three witches. Name this work sometimes referred to as The Scottish Play.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 204 ], [ 205, 283 ], [ 284, 370 ], [ 371, 444 ], [ 445, 503 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "(The) Three Musketeers (or (Les) Trois Mousquetaires)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel begins with a man leaving home with a letter of introduction and a yellow horse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Three_Musketeers", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551ba27", "qanta_id": 84423, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel begins with a man leaving home with a letter of introduction and a yellow horse. The letter is stolen and he falls in love with Lady de Winter as he makes his way to Paris. He is challenged to several duels which are broken up by Cardinal Richelieu's guards but ends up becoming close friends with his challengers. Name this novel about d'Artagnan and the title characters Athos, Porthos, and Aramis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 183 ], [ 184, 325 ], [ 326, 411 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "(The) Awakening", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This story states, \"The voice of the sea is seductive, never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander in abysses of solitude.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Awakening_(Chopin_novel)", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551ba34", "qanta_id": 84436, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This story states, \"The voice of the sea is seductive, never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander in abysses of solitude.\" Much of it takes place at Grand Isle. One of the characters, Robert Lebrun, almost has an affair with the protagonist, Edna Pontellier. Pontellier leaves her husband and eventually leaves New Orleans. Name this 1899 short novel written by Kate Chopin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 194 ], [ 195, 292 ], [ 293, 357 ], [ 358, 408 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "(Noam) Chomsky", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Some of his books include Necessary Illusions, Deterring Democracy, and Keeping the Rabble in Line.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Noam_Chomsky", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551ba60", "qanta_id": 84479, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some of his books include Necessary Illusions, Deterring Democracy, and Keeping the Rabble in Line. A vocal opponent of American foreign policy, he labels himself as an Anarchist. He has also made an academic impact outside of politics, spending much of his career as a professor at MIT and writing books such as The Sound Pattern of English and Syntactic Structures. Name this linguist who designed a hierarchy of formal languages.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 179 ], [ 180, 367 ], [ 368, 432 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Anton {Chekhov}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He contributed to the newspaper Novoe vremya, but stopped writing for it due to its campaign against Alfred Dreyfuss.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anton_Chekhov", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551bac4", "qanta_id": 84579, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He contributed to the newspaper Novoe vremya, but stopped writing for it due to its campaign against Alfred Dreyfuss. In a similar activist vein, he journeyed to a Russian Penal Colony, interviewing the prisoners there and writing \"The Island -- A Journey to Sakhalin\". Afterwards, he lived in Melikhovo, then Yalta, the latter of which was the setting for many of his works including \"The Lady with the Dog\". FTP, who is this Russian author, most famous for short stories and plays such as \"Three Sisters\", \"Uncle Vanya\", and, \"The Cherry Orchard?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 269 ], [ 270, 409 ], [ 410, 548 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "The {Night Watch} or The {M}{ilitia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Figures in this group portrait include a horseman with helmet, who appears again in the artist's Alexander The Great, and numerous other generic historical figures.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Night_Watch", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551bac5", "qanta_id": 84580, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Figures in this group portrait include a horseman with helmet, who appears again in the artist's Alexander The Great, and numerous other generic historical figures. Erroneously renamed in the 19th century, its original title can be found in the family chronicle of the central figure: \"Sketch of the painting from the Great Hall of Cleveniers Doelen, in which the young Heer van Purmerlandt, as captain, orders, his lieutenant, the Heer van Vlaerderdingen, to march the company out.\" This describes, FTP, which portrait of a captain dressed in black accompanied by his yellow-clad assistant, one of Rembrandt's most famous and controversial paintings.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 284 ], [ 285, 482 ], [ 482, 651 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Voltaire}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His brain was removed when his body was placed in a garbage heap, which his enemies would call a fitting fate.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Voltaire", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551badb", "qanta_id": 84602, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His brain was removed when his body was placed in a garbage heap, which his enemies would call a fitting fate. Always in trouble with the authorities, he was imprisoned in the Bastille for eleven months and later was exiled for criticizing the Chevalier de Rohan. Fortunately, he continued to produce works such as Merope and Mohamet even away from France. For ten points, name this author, best known for satiric works such as Zadig and Candide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 263 ], [ 264, 356 ], [ 357, 446 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Edvard Hagerup {Grieg}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He wrote his folk-inspired Humoresker for piano after meeting Rikard Nordraak, and helped found the Christiana Musikforening.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Grieg", "proto_id": "5476da9dea23cca90551bb08", "qanta_id": 84647, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He wrote his folk-inspired Humoresker for piano after meeting Rikard Nordraak, and helped found the Christiana Musikforening. His later works include the Holberg Suite and The Mountain Thrall, but he is best known for a work which includes \"The Death of Ase\" and \"Anitra's Dance.\" FTP, name this Norwegian composer whose incidental music for Peer Gynt also includes \"In the Hall of the Mountain King.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 279 ], [ 279, 401 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Karl Friedrich {Gauss}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At the age of seventeen, he proved that the construction of a regular heptagon with just a compass and ruler was impossible, and he claimed he had been thinking about non-Euclidean geometries from the age of fifteen but had not published for fear of ridicule.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carl_Friedrich_Gauss", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bb57", "qanta_id": 84726, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the age of seventeen, he proved that the construction of a regular heptagon with just a compass and ruler was impossible, and he claimed he had been thinking about non-Euclidean geometries from the age of fifteen but had not published for fear of ridicule. In 1801, he used the least-squares method to approximate the location of Ceres to a high degree of accuracy. Professor of Mathematics at G\u00f6ttingen from 1807 until his death, he investigated magnetism with Wilhelm Weber, and Cantor was one of his students. FTP, name this mathematician who wrote Disquistiones Arithmeticae, proved the fundamental theorem of algebra and developed fundamental laws of statistical distribution.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 259 ], [ 260, 368 ], [ 369, 515 ], [ 516, 684 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Peter Paul {Rubens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In Fall 2003 the Prado exhibited eight of his tapestries depicting the Life of Achilles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_Paul_Rubens", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bb65", "qanta_id": 84740, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Fall 2003 the Prado exhibited eight of his tapestries depicting the Life of Achilles. Engaged as a diplomat earlier in his career, it was in this capacity in England, a stay in which he completed nine canvases for the ceiling of the Banqueting Palace at Whitehall. Following his first marriage in 1609, he completed a Double Portrait in a Honeysuckle Bower, but two works completed in following 4 years, the Raising of and Descent from the Cross, would outdo that piece. FTP name this Flemish baroque painter who influenced Rembrandt, best known for his use of plump women as subject matter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 267 ], [ 268, 473 ], [ 474, 594 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Hanseatic} League or {Hansa}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Declining as a result of the Unions of Kalmar and Lublin, it militarily subdued king Valdemar IV of Denmark and forced him to accept the Peace of Stralsund.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hanseatic_League", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bb66", "qanta_id": 84741, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Declining as a result of the Unions of Kalmar and Lublin, it militarily subdued king Valdemar IV of Denmark and forced him to accept the Peace of Stralsund. It established Visby to facilitate interaction with Novgorod, though most of its members were located in the Low Countries and Germany, such as Bremen, Hamburg, and Lubeck. FTP, name this Northern European merchant league.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 329 ], [ 330, 379 ] ], "tournament": "Aztlan Cup", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Ferromagnetism}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "To contrast it from the case of spontaneous moments appearing in materials with more than on ion per primitive cell, a stricter definition has been adopted to limit this label to materials in which all of the ions add a positive contribution to the net magnetization.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ferromagnetism", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bba8", "qanta_id": 84807, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "To contrast it from the case of spontaneous moments appearing in materials with more than on ion per primitive cell, a stricter definition has been adopted to limit this label to materials in which all of the ions add a positive contribution to the net magnetization. Applying to all materials with high magnetic susceptibility, FTP, name this phenomena exhibited mainly by items containing iron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 267 ], [ 268, 396 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Republic of {Iceland}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It was one of the last large islands uninhabited by humans until it was discovered between the 9th and 10th century.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iceland", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bbac", "qanta_id": 84811, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It was one of the last large islands uninhabited by humans until it was discovered between the 9th and 10th century. Dettifoss, the most powerful waterfall in Europe, is located in the North-Eastern part of the country, and it has the northernmost capital in the world. In 980 A.D., a conviction of manslaughter led to Erik the Red's exile from it. With the longest serving legislative body, know as the Althing, FTP, idnetify this island nation located in the northern Atlantic with capital Reykjavik.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 269 ], [ 270, 348 ], [ 349, 502 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Vladimir {Nabokov}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's novels concerns Adam Krug, who refuses to go along with the totalitarian doctrine of Ekwilism promoted by the pathetic leader Paduk.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vladimir_Nabokov", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bbae", "qanta_id": 84813, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this man's novels concerns Adam Krug, who refuses to go along with the totalitarian doctrine of Ekwilism promoted by the pathetic leader Paduk. Another of his novels is narrated by a man who believes himself to be the exiled king of Zembla, and tells of that narrator's misinterpretations of a 999-line poem written by John Shade. Besides Bend Sinister and Pale Fire, he is better known for a work where Charlotte Haze dies in a car accident after learning of the narrator's desire for nymphets. FTP, name this author who created the character of Humbert Humbert in his novel Lolita.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 337 ], [ 338, 502 ], [ 503, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Suleiman} the Magnificent", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Despite religious differences, he fell in love with a Slavic slave girl, to whom he wrote poetry signed \"A Lover\" and whom he later married.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Suleiman_the_Magnificent", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bbf6", "qanta_id": 84884, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Despite religious differences, he fell in love with a Slavic slave girl, to whom he wrote poetry signed \"A Lover\" and whom he later married. During his 46 year reign, he allied himself with Francis I in an effort to keep Europe divided while conquering Budapest and besieging Vienna. It was his goal to recreate the Garden of Eden at his capitol of Topkapi, and in his own day he was called the second Solomon. FTP, name this longest-reigning Ottoman emperor, known as the Lawgiver.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 283 ], [ 284, 410 ], [ 411, 482 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Gregor {Samsa}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He is a traveling salesman whose only concern at first is getting to work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Metamorphosis", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bc3e", "qanta_id": 84956, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He is a traveling salesman whose only concern at first is getting to work. However, his situation makes this impossible, and he quickly becomes a burden to his family. His father throws apples at him and his sister, Grete, plays the violin, though she won't play it for him. When he realizes that nobody in his family wants him around, he returns to his room and dies. All of this occurs after he awoke one morning to find he had become a giant insect. FTP, name this main character of Franz Kafka's Metamorphosis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 167 ], [ 168, 274 ], [ 275, 368 ], [ 369, 452 ], [ 453, 514 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Ra} or {Re}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Each day, he fought the monsters Sebau, Nak, and the snake god", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ra", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bc47", "qanta_id": 84965, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Each day, he fought the monsters Sebau, Nak, and the snake god Apep with the help of Heka and Geb. Ironically, he separated Geb and Nut in one creation myth, causing the creation of the oceans from Geb's tears. He voyaged nightly through the underworld on a barge pulled by Set, and the failure of other gods to protect him was supposed to be the cause of eclipses. Symbolized by a golden or reddish disk, FTP, identify this sun god from Egyptian mythology.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 98 ], [ 99, 210 ], [ 211, 365 ], [ 366, 457 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "The {Brothers Karamazov}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Book five of this work, \"Pro and Contra\", contains a section describing the arrest of Jesus during the Spanish Inquisition called \"The Grand Inquisitor\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Brothers_Karamazov", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bc50", "qanta_id": 84974, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Book five of this work, \"Pro and Contra\", contains a section describing the arrest of Jesus during the Spanish Inquisition called \"The Grand Inquisitor\". The narrator of that section adheres to the philosophy that \"Everything is lawful\", which inspires Smerdyakov to kill Fyodor Pavlovich. Fyodor's son, Dmitri, is tried for the crime, while the intellectual Ivan is beset by brain fever during the trial. Centering on the religious Alexei, FTP, name this novel about four siblings by Fyodor Dostoyevsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 289 ], [ 290, 405 ], [ 406, 504 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Insulin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A healthy level of this in humans ranges from 70 to 110 milligrams per deciliter, and it plays a role in regulating fat metabolism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Insulin", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bc66", "qanta_id": 84996, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A healthy level of this in humans ranges from 70 to 110 milligrams per deciliter, and it plays a role in regulating fat metabolism. Its name comes from the Latin word for island, referring to the Islets of Langerhans where it is produced. Replacements for it often come from pigs, since their version of this hormone varies in only one residue from that found in humans. FTP, identify this hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism, is created in the pancreas, and is deficient in patients with Type I Diabetes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 238 ], [ 239, 370 ], [ 371, 516 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Ozone", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It is dark blue in solid and liquid phases. Discoverer Christian Friedrich Sch\u00f6nbein named it after the Greek word for odor due to the smell it gives off during thunder storms.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ozone", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bc75", "qanta_id": 85011, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It is dark blue in solid and liquid phases. Discoverer Christian Friedrich Sch\u00f6nbein named it after the Greek word for odor due to the smell it gives off during thunder storms. It is sometimes used as a substitute for chlorine in water sanitation, but it can cause lung damage when inhaled from lower atmospheric smog. FTP, identify this molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms that makes up a namesake protective layer in the earth's atmosphere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 318 ], [ 319, 448 ] ], "tournament": "Maryland Spring Classic", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Neptune}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Galileo may have seen it in December 1512, but he didn't follow up on his observation and it remained undiscovered for another 234 years.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neptune", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bca8", "qanta_id": 85062, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Galileo may have seen it in December 1512, but he didn't follow up on his observation and it remained undiscovered for another 234 years. After it was finally sighted again by Johann Galle, an ugly international dispute broke out over the credit for its discovery, since its position had been predicted independently by British mathematician John Adams and French astronomer Urbain Leverrier. FTP, name this currently-outermost planet of the solar system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 399 ], [ 399, 461 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Friedrich {Nietzsche}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of his main ideas is the \"eternal recurrence\", which says that since the world is infinite in time but finite in space and energy, all states are bound to repeat themselves.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bcc2", "qanta_id": 85088, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his main ideas is the \"eternal recurrence\", which says that since the world is infinite in time but finite in space and energy, all states are bound to repeat themselves. Another is the \"will to power\", which says that the desire for power is the driving force for all human activity. For ten points, name this German philosopher whose works include \"The Antichrist\", \"The Genealogy of Morals\" and \"Beyond Good and Evil.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 291 ], [ 292, 428 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "{Agincourt}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The English had captured the port of Harfleur, and were marching north towards Calais.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Agincourt", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bcf8", "qanta_id": 85142, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The English had captured the port of Harfleur, and were marching north towards Calais. The French confronted them just above the Somme, in a thick forest near the town that gave this battle its name. Initial French cavalry attacks were repelled by English archers, who then took up swords and axes against the main assault as the battle became a rout. FTP, name this 1415 victory for King Henry V.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 202 ], [ 203, 356 ], [ 357, 403 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "the {neutrino}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Their existence is vehemently denied by a group known as the autodynamicists, who call them \"the ether of the 20th century.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutrino", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bcff", "qanta_id": 85149, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Their existence is vehemently denied by a group known as the autodynamicists, who call them \"the ether of the 20th century.\" Cowan and Reines managed to detect their unmistakable signature in 1956, an difficult task because they because they only interact with matter via the weak force. This finally confirmed a hypothesis advanced 25 years earlier by Wolfgang Pauli. FTP, name this nearly massless particle emitted in nuclear decays.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 127, 291 ], [ 292, 373 ], [ 374, 441 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "O. {Henry} (accept William Sydney Porter)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He founded an unsuccessful magazine called _Rolling Stone_, worked as a cartoonist for the Houston Post, and was sent to prison after embezzling funds from an Austin bank.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "O._Henry", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bd3f", "qanta_id": 85213, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He founded an unsuccessful magazine called _Rolling Stone_, worked as a cartoonist for the Houston Post, and was sent to prison after embezzling funds from an Austin bank. After his release, he moved to New York and wrote his first book of short stories there, called _The Four Million_. FTP, name this prolific author of \"The Ransom of Red Chief\" and \"The Gift of the Magi.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 171 ], [ 172, 269 ], [ 269, 376 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Franz {Boas}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His career began with an influential expedition to Baffin Island and ended some sixty years later on the other side of Canada, where he died while studying the links between the native populations of Siberia and the Pacific Northwest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Boas", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bd49", "qanta_id": 85223, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His career began with an influential expedition to Baffin Island and ended some sixty years later on the other side of Canada, where he died while studying the links between the native populations of Siberia and the Pacific Northwest. One of the first scholars to describe societies by their own rather than by European standards, he pioneered the use of oral histories, and his students included Ruth Benedict and Zora Neale Hurston. FTP, name this author of _The Mind of Primitive Man_ who helped found cultural anthropology.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 235 ], [ 236, 435 ], [ 436, 462 ], [ 462, 529 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "{Madame Bovary}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It includes a blind beggar with a horrible skin disease, a club-footed stable boy, and an old woman awarded a 25-franc medal for 54 years of service.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madame_Bovary", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bd8d", "qanta_id": 85291, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It includes a blind beggar with a horrible skin disease, a club-footed stable boy, and an old woman awarded a 25-franc medal for 54 years of service. It also includes poor neglected Berthe, the pseudo-scientific pharmacist Homais, and a performance of Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor. FTP, name this French novel that features the unscrupulous Leon, the dim-witted Charles, and the bored title character Emma.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 284 ], [ 285, 409 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "{clarinet}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Its standard repertoire includes the Fantaisie Caprice by Lafebvre.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Clarinet", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bdaa", "qanta_id": 85320, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its standard repertoire includes the Fantaisie Caprice by Lafebvre. Weber wrote a number of pieces for the instrument including two concertos and the Grand Duo Concertant with piano. Perhaps the most famous work in its repertoire is the Mozart's Concerto in A major, K622, although it is also recognized as the instrument which opens Gershwin's _Rhapsody in Blue_. For ten points, name this instrument, played by Benny Goodman and Woody Allen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 186 ], [ 186, 369 ], [ 370, 450 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Nationals", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Italo {Calvino}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A man named after a telescope visits the Cheese Museum and creates fictitious explanations for the meaning of Mexican ruins in his novel Mr. Palomar, and the boy Zefferino tries to amuse Signorina de Magistris by catching an octopus in this author's story \"Big Fish, Little Fish.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italo_Calvino", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bf12", "qanta_id": 85680, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A man named after a telescope visits the Cheese Museum and creates fictitious explanations for the meaning of Mexican ruins in his novel Mr. Palomar, and the boy Zefferino tries to amuse Signorina de Magistris by catching an octopus in this author's story \"Big Fish, Little Fish.\" In another of this writer's books, the armor and voice are all the remain of the title character, Agilulf. He described Pin's attempt to impress Red Wolf by stealing a Nazi officer's gun in another novel. This author of The Nonexistent Knight and The Path to the Nest of Spiders also wrote about the confusion of such books as Learning from the Steep Slope with the book sought by Ludmilla and Lotaria, who meet the narrator while trying to exchange a misprinted copy of the volume at a bookstore. For 10 points, name this author of If on a Winter's Night a Traveler.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 280 ], [ 281, 387 ], [ 388, 485 ], [ 486, 778 ], [ 779, 848 ] ], "tournament": "FEUERBACH", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Gabriel {Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one story by this man, a man plots to steal oranges with diamonds in them in order to help a girl escape from her grandmother, who has forced her into prostitution.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gabriel_Garc\u00eda_M\u00e1rquez", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bf18", "qanta_id": 85686, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story by this man, a man plots to steal oranges with diamonds in them in order to help a girl escape from her grandmother, who has forced her into prostitution. In another of his stories, magical figures from around the world attend the title ceremony, \"Big Mama's Funeral.\" The Pope asks Father Gonzaga if the title character, who was found by Pelayo, can speak Aramaic in one of his stories, and in another, a man is credited with making fish jump from the sea and is given the name Esteban during preparations for a lavish funeral. For 10 points, \"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings\" and \"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World\" are among the short stories of what author, whose longer fiction includes The General in His Labyrinth, Love in the Time of Cholera, and One Hundred Years of Solitude?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 280 ], [ 280, 281 ], [ 282, 541 ], [ 542, 807 ] ], "tournament": "FEUERBACH", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Ganesh}a", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This god was attacked by one of the avatars of Vishnu, Rama-with-an-axe.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ganesha", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bf26", "qanta_id": 85700, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god was attacked by one of the avatars of Vishnu, Rama-with-an-axe. He won his wives in a contest to circumnavigate the earth with his brother; he won by travelling mentally through study while Kartikkeya trudged on foot. Those wives, who represent prudence and wisdom, are Siddhi and Buddhi. This god's mother asked Sani to look at him as a newborn, even though Sani was cursed to destroy anything he gazed upon; that, combined with his task of guarding the cave where his mother Parvati was bathing, led to his present appearance. For 10 points, name this remover of obstacles who has a one-tusked elephant's head.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 226 ], [ 227, 297 ], [ 298, 537 ], [ 538, 621 ] ], "tournament": "FEUERBACH", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Burma} [or {Myanmar}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the seventeenth century, this present-day country was the site of civil war between the Ava and Taungoo dynasties.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Myanmar", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bf41", "qanta_id": 85727, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In the seventeenth century, this present-day country was the site of civil war between the Ava and Taungoo dynasties. In the eleventh century, the south of what is now this country was controlled by the Pyu kingdom until King Alaungsithu conquered the whole territory for the Kingdom of Pagan. It was ruled by a council called the Hluttaw during its three namesake wars with Britain, and its anti-colonialist movements included the Saya San rebellion and the Thakin party. Ruled in the mid-twentieth century by the dictator Ne Win, it has lately been controlled by the State Law and Order Restoration Council. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian country where Aung San Suu Kyi remains under house arrest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 293 ], [ 294, 472 ], [ 473, 609 ], [ 610, 709 ] ], "tournament": "FEUERBACH", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Leonhard Paul {Euler}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Numbers that generate primes using a certain prime generating polynomial are known as his lucky numbers and Gauss proved this man's law of quadratic reciprocity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bf7e", "qanta_id": 85788, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Numbers that generate primes using a certain prime generating polynomial are known as his lucky numbers and Gauss proved this man's law of quadratic reciprocity. His product formula can be used along with the Riemann zeta function to prove the infinitude of primes and he proposed a value of pi squared over 6 as the solution to Mengoli's Basel problem. He demonstrated why it was impossible to transverse the Pregel river using each of the seven bridges of Koningsberg only once and his identity, e to the i times pi equals negative 1, contains several symbols he popularized. For 10 points, name this Swiss mathematician, after whom the base of the natural log is named.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 353 ], [ 354, 577 ], [ 578, 672 ] ], "tournament": "FEUERBACH", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Richard Strauss [prompt on Strauss]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote an opera in which the title character plans to marry Mandryka, and he referenced \uf0d9 that opera in a piece called a study for 23 solo strings, his Metamorphosen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Strauss", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bf91", "qanta_id": 85807, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer wrote an opera in which the title character plans to marry Mandryka, and he referenced \uf0d9 that opera in a piece called a study for 23 solo strings, his Metamorphosen. This man also composed a work depicting the title character's \"Adversaries\", \"Companions\", and \"Works of Peace\". That \uf0da work is A Hero's Life, which, like Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks, is a tone poem. The first section from another work by this composer, entitled \"Sunrise\", begins with slow rising trumpets followed by alternating timpani and was used in Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey. Name this composer of Also Sprach Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 294 ], [ 295, 387 ], [ 388, 585 ], [ 586, 633 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "\u201cThe Waste Land\u201d", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, a merchant from Smyrna invites the narrator to have lunch at the Cannon Street \uf0d9 Hotel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Waste_Land", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bf9e", "qanta_id": 85820, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, a merchant from Smyrna invites the narrator to have lunch at the Cannon Street \uf0d9 Hotel. This poem's first stanza claims \"Winter kept us warm, covering Earth in forgetful snow.\" This poem concludes with words meaning \u2018give, sympathize, control' taken from one of the \uf0da Upanishads [oo-PAH-nee-shahds]. The epigraph to this work comes from Petronius's Satyricon and tells of the Cumaean [KYOO-may-UN] Sibyl's wish for death. This poem's final section, \"What the Thunder Said\", ends with the mantra \"Shantih shantih shantih\", while this work opens by claiming \"April is the cruellest month.\" Name this poem by T. S. Eliot.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 193 ], [ 193, 316 ], [ 317, 439 ], [ 440, 606 ], [ 606, 638 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "determinants", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Two methods for calculating this value are Dodgson condensation and cofactor expansion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Determinant", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bfa2", "qanta_id": 85824, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two methods for calculating this value are Dodgson condensation and cofactor expansion. This value \uf0d9 equals zero when a homogeneous equation has a nontrivial solution. This value gives the ratio of the area of a shape after a linear transformation to the original area. This is evaluated to find a \uf0da characteristic equation, which is solved to find eigenvalues. Two of these values are divided to solve a system of equations using Cramer's Rule. This is the product of main diagonal values for a triangular matrix. Name this value for a square matrix sometimes given by the formula \ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc51 \u2212 \ud835\udc4f\ud835\udc50 [\"\ud835\udc4e times \ud835\udc51 minus \ud835\udc4f times \ud835\udc50\"].", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 100 ], [ 100, 168 ], [ 169, 271 ], [ 272, 364 ], [ 365, 449 ], [ 450, 519 ], [ 520, 605 ], [ 606, 628 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Things Fall Apart", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One legend from this novel tells the story of why tortoises do not have soft shells, and one character \uf0d9 in this work is assaulted by her husband for having her hair braided.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Things_Fall_Apart", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bfc7", "qanta_id": 85861, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One legend from this novel tells the story of why tortoises do not have soft shells, and one character \uf0d9 in this work is assaulted by her husband for having her hair braided. Another character in this work frequently remarks that he wishes his daughter Ezinma would have been born a boy. The gun of \uf0da the protagonist of this work explodes at a funeral, killing a son of the man being buried, so the protagonist is exiled for seven years. The town in this novel, which is visited by Christian missionaries, is Umuofia. Name this novel in which Ikemefuna is killed by Okonkwo, a work by Chinua Achebe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 289 ], [ 290, 441 ], [ 442, 522 ], [ 523, 604 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{\u201cHowl\u201d}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The second part of this poem describes a figure \"whose love is endless oil and stone\" and \"whose \uf0d9 name is the Mind!\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Howl", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bfdb", "qanta_id": 85881, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The second part of this poem describes a figure \"whose love is endless oil and stone\" and \"whose \uf0d9 name is the Mind!\". The third section of this poem tells of a place \"where the faculties of the skull no longer admit the worms of the senses\". This poem was judged to be not obscene when its publisher, \uf0da Lawrence Ferlinghetti, was put on trial. \"Mohammedan angels staggering on tenement roofs\" appear in this poem dedicated to Columbia Psychiatric Institute patient Carl Solomon, whom the poet repeatedly tells \"I'm with you in Rockland.\" Name this poem that describes Moloch, and opens \"I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness\", written by Allen Ginsberg.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 244 ], [ 245, 347 ], [ 348, 349 ], [ 349, 543 ], [ 544, 681 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gian Lorenzo Bernini [or Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This person made a portrait of Cardinal Montoya, who is believed to have commissioned this artist's \uf0d9 pair of works showing a woman looking skyward and a man with his mouth wide open, works known as Blessed Soul and Damned Soul.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bfe1", "qanta_id": 85887, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This person made a portrait of Cardinal Montoya, who is believed to have commissioned this artist's \uf0d9 pair of works showing a woman looking skyward and a man with his mouth wide open, works known as Blessed Soul and Damned Soul. One of this artist's works showing Pluto seizing a woman is known \uf0da as The Rape of Proserpina. The slingshot is stretched out and about to be used in this person's portrayal of David. Name this 17th-century Italian sculptor who created a work in the Santa Maria della Vittoria showing an angel aiming a golden arrow at the heart of a nun, The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 231 ], [ 232, 327 ], [ 328, 417 ], [ 418, 603 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Alexander the Great [accept Alexander III of Macedon, prompt on Alexander]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After this person died, one of his regents faced a revolt called the Lamian War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bfe3", "qanta_id": 85889, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After this person died, one of his regents faced a revolt called the Lamian War. The stealing of this \uf0da person's body precipitated the War of the Diadochi [dy-AA-doh-kee], during which his son-in-law Perdiccas died. Earlier, this man defeated King Porus at the Hydaspes River, and this man and his father defeated the Sacred Band of Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea [kair-uh- NEE-uh]. Because he was unable to find its ends to untie it, this man used his sword to cut the Gordian Knot. Name this leader who defeated Darius the Third at the Battle of Gaugamela, a son of Phillip the Second who was a king of Macedonia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 217 ], [ 218, 379 ], [ 380, 388 ], [ 389, 490 ], [ 491, 624 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Jawaharlal {Nehru}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This leader oversaw his country's States Reorganization Act, which attempted to draw boundaries to \uf0d9 increase linguistic unity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jawaharlal_Nehru", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551bff9", "qanta_id": 85911, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This leader oversaw his country's States Reorganization Act, which attempted to draw boundaries to \uf0d9 increase linguistic unity. The smallest state in this leader's country was controlled by Portugal until, soon after the Portuguese fired on the Sabarmati, his country launched Operation Vijay. His daughter \uf0da and grandson also became prime ministers, but both were assassinated. This prime minister lost a border war with China in 1962, and he was unable to stabilize his country's border with Pakistan. Name this supporter of Mohandas Gandhi who was the first Prime Minister of India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 295 ], [ 296, 381 ], [ 382, 509 ], [ 509, 590 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Paul {C\u00e9zanne}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this artist showing a man with his head leaning against his left hand, which has two \uf0d9 fingers by his eye, is his Portrait of Duranty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paul_C\u00e9zanne", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c020", "qanta_id": 85950, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this artist showing a man with his head leaning against his left hand, which has two \uf0d9 fingers by his eye, is his Portrait of Duranty. A similar work showing a man with many open books is this painter's Portrait of Gustave Geffroy. In the late 1880s, this painter painted Harlequin four \uf0da times, including one with Pierrot [pyair-aw]. A decade later, this painter included skulls in several still lifes. This painter's sister owned a house named Bellevue located in Provence from which this artist painted Mont Sainte-Victoire [sawn veek-twar]. Name this artist who in the early 1890s made a series of works showing card players, considered the father of cubism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 245 ], [ 246, 345 ], [ 345, 349 ], [ 350, 419 ], [ 420, 561 ], [ 562, 680 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Tempest", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this play tells a prince \"To be your fellow you may deny me, but I'll be your servant \uf0d9 whether you will or no.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tempest", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c031", "qanta_id": 85967, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this play tells a prince \"To be your fellow you may deny me, but I'll be your servant \uf0d9 whether you will or no.\" Those two characters are found later playing chess. This play ends with the protagonist speaking an epilogue to the audience that concludes \"Let your indulgence set me free.\" \uf0da Another character appears as a harpy to the \"three men of sin\" after he has been trapped in a tree. In this play, Stephano and Caliban attempt to overthrow the protagonist. Name this play in which Ferdinand and Miranda fall in love, a work by William Shakespeare in which Prospero conjures the title storm.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 182 ], [ 183, 308 ], [ 308, 411 ], [ 411, 483 ], [ 484, 619 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Texas", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Though the Buffalo Soldiers were formed in Kansas, much of their service was done at Fort Davis ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Texas", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c042", "qanta_id": 85984, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Though the Buffalo Soldiers were formed in Kansas, much of their service was done at Fort Davis \uf0d9 and Fort Clark in this state. Part of its eastern border is formed by the Sabine River, and a region of its southern border is called the Big Bend. The southernmost point of this state, the location of the \uf0da Battle of Resaca de la Palma, is the city of Brownsville. The town of Lubbock is just south of its panhandle, which includes Amarillo [aa-muh-RIL-oh]. Its largest metropolitan area contains Plano, Irving, and Fort Worth. Name this state that, in addition to Dallas, contains the city of San Antonio, home of the Alamo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 97, 128 ], [ 129, 247 ], [ 248, 366 ], [ 367, 455 ], [ 455, 460 ], [ 461, 531 ], [ 532, 630 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "2", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Mersenne primes are one less than powers of this number. If taking the derivative of a function this \uf0d9 many times at a point gives a result of zero, and the first derivative changes signs, the point is an inflection point.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "2", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c043", "qanta_id": 85985, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Mersenne primes are one less than powers of this number. If taking the derivative of a function this \uf0d9 many times at a point gives a result of zero, and the first derivative changes signs, the point is an inflection point. For a convex polyhedron, this is the Euler [OY-lur] characteristic, which means \uf0da that it equals the number of vertices minus edges plus faces. In graph theory, this is the number of vertices connected by an edge. Polynomial equations with this degree are called quadratics. Name this smallest prime number, multiples of which form the set of even numbers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 224 ], [ 225, 369 ], [ 370, 440 ], [ 441, 501 ], [ 502, 584 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Bah\u00e1\u2019\u00ed", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One text in this religion describes the soul's journey towards God by reaching one of the title locations \uf0d9 \"of True Poverty and Absolute Nothingness\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c04c", "qanta_id": 85994, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One text in this religion describes the soul's journey towards God by reaching one of the title locations \uf0d9 \"of True Poverty and Absolute Nothingness\". That book is The Seven Valleys. This religion's main theological text is the Kit\u00e1b-i-\u00cdq\u00e1n, and it was led by Shoghi Effendi until the establishment of the \uf0da Universal House of Justice. Adherents believe in the unity of God, religion, and humanity, and in the revelation of God's nature through prophets such as Jesus and Muhammad. Name this faith founded by a Persian born with the name M\u00edrz\u00e1 Husayn-Al\u00ed N\u00far\u00ed, who was heralded by the B\u00e1b and changed his name to Bah\u00e1'u'll\u00e1h.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 184 ], [ 185, 339 ], [ 340, 486 ], [ 487, 632 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Vincent (Willem) van Gogh", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Several pictures by this artist used Adrianus Jacobus Zuyderland as a model, including a work \uf0d9 showing him dressed all in blue sitting in a chair with his head in his hands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vincent_van_Gogh", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c04e", "qanta_id": 85996, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Several pictures by this artist used Adrianus Jacobus Zuyderland as a model, including a work \uf0d9 showing him dressed all in blue sitting in a chair with his head in his hands. In addition to that work, sometimes called Sorrowing Old Man and sometimes At Eternity's Gate, this artist painted a man \uf0da leaning on his right hand with a foxglove plant in front of him. This artist also showed a poor family eating around a table with a small lamp hanging above. In addition to Portrait of Dr. Gachet and The Potato Eaters, this artist painted Starry Night. Name this artist who cut off part of his left ear.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 366 ], [ 367, 460 ], [ 461, 557 ], [ 558, 608 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Franz Kafka", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A very short work by this writer ends with a character saying \"No, in reality: in parable you have \uf0d9 lost.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Kafka", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c057", "qanta_id": 86005, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A very short work by this writer ends with a character saying \"No, in reality: in parable you have \uf0d9 lost.\" One of this man's stories centers on a machine that inscribes the law that a criminal broke on his body. This author of \"On Parables\" and \"In the Penal Colony\" also wrote a novel in which the \uf0da protagonist, who kisses Fr\u00e4ulein B\u00fcrstner, never learns of the crime that he is charged with. Another one of this author's characters is paralyzed by an apple; that character, Gregor Samsa, wakes up and finds that he has transformed into an insect. Name this Czech author of The Trial and \"The Metamorphosis\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 107, 108 ], [ 109, 214 ], [ 215, 398 ], [ 399, 555 ], [ 556, 618 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric (Fran\u00e7ois) Chopin [or Fryderyk (Franciszek) Chopin]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first piece in this composer's Opus 25 was nicknamed the Aeolian Harp \u00c9tude by Robert Schumann. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric_Chopin", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c058", "qanta_id": 86006, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first piece in this composer's Opus 25 was nicknamed the Aeolian Harp \u00c9tude by Robert Schumann. \uf0d9 Though he often did not name his works, he named a few pieces Grande valse brillante. Another work by this writer was nicknamed Heroic Polonaise thanks to writings by his companion George Sand. \uf0da The last piece in this composer's Opus 10 was dedicated to his friend Franz Liszt and became known as the Revolutionary \u00c9tude. Another piece, which was compared to a \"dog chasing its tail\", is short but about twice as long as its name implies. Name this Polish-French composer of the Minute Waltz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 102, 103 ], [ 104, 189 ], [ 190, 300 ], [ 300, 301 ], [ 302, 429 ], [ 430, 547 ], [ 548, 601 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Sir Isaac Newton", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A thought experiment attributed to this person involved a cannon on top of a mountain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isaac_Newton", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c05a", "qanta_id": 86008, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A thought experiment attributed to this person involved a cannon on top of a mountain. This person is \uf0d9 the namesake of the relationship making heat loss proportional to the temperature difference between an object and its environment. Generally credited with building the first useful reflecting telescope, \uf0da he explained why Kepler's laws of planetary motion are true in his Principia [prin-KIP-ee-uh], which also included this man's law of universal gravitation. Name this scientist whose three laws of motion are a basis of classical physics, the namesake of the SI unit of force.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 237 ], [ 238, 468 ], [ 469, 488 ], [ 489, 588 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Waiting For Godot [\u201cGOD\u201d-oh] [or En attendant Godot]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this play, one character is kicked by a man after trying to wipe away that man's tears with a \uf0d9 handkerchief, and a boy acting as a messenger of the title character calls a character \"Mister Albert\". ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Waiting_for_Godot", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c05b", "qanta_id": 86009, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this play, one character is kicked by a man after trying to wipe away that man's tears with a \uf0d9 handkerchief, and a boy acting as a messenger of the title character calls a character \"Mister Albert\". One character remarks \"Come on, Gogo, return the ball, can't you. . . ?\" In the second act of this \uf0da play, one man becomes blind, while another becomes dumb. Those characters, the latter of whom is a slave who only speaks when he wears a hat, are Pozzo and Lucky. This play begins with the line \"Nothing to be done\". Name this play about Vladimir and Estragon, who can't go because they are performing the title action, by Samuel Beckett.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 205, 276 ], [ 276, 363 ], [ 364, 470 ], [ 471, 503 ], [ 503, 524 ], [ 525, 647 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "(Gaius) Julius Caesar", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This leader's general Trebonius led a siege against the city of Massilia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Julius_Caesar", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c05c", "qanta_id": 86010, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This leader's general Trebonius led a siege against the city of Massilia. This leader's plan to besiege \uf0d9 an enemy against the sea was thwarted when two defectors told his enemy about the gaps in his walls, leading to this leader's retreat from Dyrrhachium. He used a hidden fourth regiment of infantry to \uf0da turn the enemy's left flank and win the Battle of Pharsalus, after which this leader fought Ptolemy the Thirteenth alongside Cleopatra. Name this Roman leader who began a civil war against Pompey after crossing the Rubicon, and was eventually assassinated by Cassius and Brutus in 44 BCE on the Ides of March.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 259 ], [ 260, 447 ], [ 448, 623 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Suleiman the Magnificent [or Suleiman I or Suleiman the Lawgiver]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This leader ordered the hanging of his finance minister Iskender Celebi, but soon after that he ordered \uf0d9 the death of Celebi's accuser and this man's closest advisor and friend Ibrahim.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Suleiman_the_Magnificent", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c066", "qanta_id": 86020, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This leader ordered the hanging of his finance minister Iskender Celebi, but soon after that he ordered \uf0d9 the death of Celebi's accuser and this man's closest advisor and friend Ibrahim. This leader also allowed his guards to kill his oldest son when this man's wife Roxelana made him think his son \uf0da was trying to take his power. That killing of Mustafa led to an eventual power struggle in which Beyazit lost to Selim. This man gained the epithet Kanuni because of his unification of the laws of his predecessors. Name this 16th-century sultan of the Ottoman Empire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 187 ], [ 188, 333 ], [ 334, 424 ], [ 425, 520 ], [ 521, 573 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "viscosity [do not accept word forms]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The unit commonly used to measure this quantity equals one-tenth of a pascal-second.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c06b", "qanta_id": 86025, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The unit commonly used to measure this quantity equals one-tenth of a pascal-second. The kinematic \uf0d9 form of this quantity, found by dividing the more common form by density, can be measured in square centimeters per second, which is a stokes. That more common form of this quantity, the \uf0da dynamic type, equals shearing stress divided by velocity gradient. Though this quantity measured in poise [pwahz] can apply to gases, it is more applicable to liquids that are not inviscid [in-VIH-sid]. Name this quantity high in syrup and other liquids called \"thick\", a measure of resistance to flow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 245 ], [ 246, 359 ], [ 360, 498 ], [ 498, 597 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Sandro {Botticelli} [or Alessandro (di Mariano di Vanni) Filipepi]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted the temptations of Christ in the background of a work whose foreground shows \uf0d9 a Jewish sacrificial ritual.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sandro_Botticelli", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c06e", "qanta_id": 86028, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted the temptations of Christ in the background of a work whose foreground shows \uf0d9 a Jewish sacrificial ritual. That work hangs opposite this artist's Trial of Moses in the Sistine Chapel. A painting by this artist showing Mary holding Jesus and a fruit is known as Madonna of \uf0da the Pomegranate. Another painting by this artist shows Cupid aiming his arrow at the Three Graces, who are between Mercury at the left end and Venus in the center. Another work by this artist shows Venus about to be clothed as she stands on a shell. Name this 15th-century artist of Primavera and The Birth of Venus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 207 ], [ 208, 316 ], [ 317, 464 ], [ 465, 551 ], [ 552, 620 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Miles (Dewey) Davis (III)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This person's early fusion work often featured guitarist John McLaughlin, who is the namesake of one \uf0d9 of this musician's songs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Miles_Davis", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c075", "qanta_id": 86035, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This person's early fusion work often featured guitarist John McLaughlin, who is the namesake of one \uf0d9 of this musician's songs. McLaughlin is featured, along with pianists Chick Corea and Herbie Hancock, on this person's album In a Silent Way. This performer often worked with pianist and arranger \uf0da Gil Evans, and they featured the second movement of Joaquin Rodrigo's composition Concierto de Aranjuez [ah-rahn-HWEZZ] on the album Sketches of Spain. Name this trumpeter who placed the songs \"Blue in Green\", \"So What\", and \"Freddie Freeloader\" on his album Kind of Blue.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 246 ], [ 247, 456 ], [ 457, 564 ], [ 565, 578 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Ernest (Miller) Hemingway", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story by this man, an American in Spain is trying to convince his girlfriend Jig to have an \uf0d9 operation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ernest_Hemingway", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c077", "qanta_id": 86037, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one story by this man, an American in Spain is trying to convince his girlfriend Jig to have an \uf0d9 operation. In another story by this man, Robert Wilson sleeps with Margot after her husband is unable to shoot a lion. This author of \"Hills Like White Elephants\" and \"The Short Happy Life of \uf0da Francis Macomber\" wrote about Brett Ashley, who is engaged to Mike Campbell but is also loved by Pedro Romero, Robert Cohn and Jake Barnes. In another work, this author wrote about Catherine Barkley and Frederic Henry during World War One. Name this author of The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 221 ], [ 222, 438 ], [ 439, 539 ], [ 540, 567 ], [ 568, 604 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Edward (William) Elgar", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer dedicated his Severn Suite to his friend George Bernard Shaw.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c07f", "qanta_id": 86045, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer dedicated his Severn Suite to his friend George Bernard Shaw. This composer, who \uf0d9 edited works he wrote in childhood to create The Wand of Youth, also wrote a Cockaigne Overture in honor of his home country. A work by this composer was based on a poem about a pious man's \uf0da journey to purgatory by Cardinal Newman. Hans Richter conducted the premier of a work by this man that includes the \"Nimrod\" variation. This composer of the Enigma Variations and The Dream of Gerontius composed a march that is commonly played at graduations. Identify this composer of the Pomp and Circumstance Marches.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 225 ], [ 226, 333 ], [ 334, 429 ], [ 430, 555 ], [ 556, 618 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "esters", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The formation of this class of compounds is used to connect omega hydroxy acids to form \uf0d9 cutin [KYOO-tinn].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ester", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c089", "qanta_id": 86055, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The formation of this class of compounds is used to connect omega hydroxy acids to form \uf0d9 cutin [KYOO-tinn]. One example of this class is used in the Tennessee Eastman acetic anhydride process. That chemical in this class, methyl acetate, can be formed by combining acetic acid \uf0da with methanol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. One lipid in this class includes triglyceride, which is hydrolized in saponification. The combination of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol produces compounds in this class using a process named for Emil Fischer. Name these compounds often used to create a fruity odor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 195 ], [ 196, 331 ], [ 332, 418 ], [ 419, 545 ], [ 546, 603 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Madagascar", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The eastern shore of this island features Tintingue Bay, which is across from the much smaller Nosy \uf0d9 Boraha Island.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madagascar", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c094", "qanta_id": 86066, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The eastern shore of this island features Tintingue Bay, which is across from the much smaller Nosy \uf0d9 Boraha Island. Its southwest coast is known for its spiny thickets, and its west coast includes the port of Mahajanga and is near Juan de Nova Island. Some of the islands northwest of this one include \uf0da Mayotte, Comoros, and the Glorioso Islands. This island is the native home of lemurs, and islands further off its east coast include Mauritius and R\u00e9union [rayn-yaw]. Name this island home of the nation whose capital is Antananarivo, located between the Mozambique Channel and Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 254 ], [ 255, 351 ], [ 352, 475 ], [ 476, 630 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Jean Piaget [zhahn pee-a-zhay]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This psychologist worked closely with programming language designer Seymour Papert, whose \uf0d9 namesake principle attempts to explain some of this person's results.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Piaget", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c0a7", "qanta_id": 86085, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This psychologist worked closely with programming language designer Seymour Papert, whose \uf0d9 namesake principle attempts to explain some of this person's results. He argued for reflective abstraction rather than pre-existing linguistic structures in a debate with Noam Chomsky. This \uf0da founder of the International Centre of Genetic Epistemology performed experiments demonstrating that some people lack the understanding of conservation of number. One of his experiments involved pouring water from a tall thin cup to a short fat cup, and he also studied the learning of object permanence. Name this psychologist who included concrete operational and sensorimotor as two of the four stages in his model of the cognitive development of children.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 278 ], [ 279, 450 ], [ 451, 594 ], [ 595, 750 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gibbs free energy [or Gibbs function or free enthalpy; prompt on free energy; do not accept \u201cenergy\u201d or \u201centhalpy\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The departure function of this quantity is divided by the quantity ideal gas constant times temperature, \uf0d9 and then placed in a power that is multiplied by pressure to find fugacity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gibbs_free_energy", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c0be", "qanta_id": 86108, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The departure function of this quantity is divided by the quantity ideal gas constant times temperature, \uf0d9 and then placed in a power that is multiplied by pressure to find fugacity. The partial molar measurement of this quantity is equivalent to chemical potential. This quantity is applied to systems \uf0da that are both isothermal and isobaric, and a basic formula for this quantity includes a pressure times volume term if that formula uses internal energy rather than enthalpy. Identify this quantity used to determine whether reactions will occur simultaneously, often contrasted with a similar quantity named for Helmholtz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 183 ], [ 184, 268 ], [ 269, 482 ], [ 483, 632 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "{Alzheimer\u2019s} Disease [accept {Alzhimer\u2019s} Dementia; prompt on \u201cAD\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This disease can be treated with the drug tacrine, which blocks the functions of cholinesterase [\"kolin-ester-ase\"].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alzheimer's_disease", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c1cf", "qanta_id": 86381, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This disease can be treated with the drug tacrine, which blocks the functions of cholinesterase [\"kolin-ester-ase\"]. This disease causes degeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Though originally hypothesized to be caused by the tau proteins, the plaques caused by beta amyloid protein cause this diease. This disease, named for a German neurologist, is characterized by decreased acetylcholine levels. For 10 points, name common form of dementia, a disease of the elderly characterized by memory loss.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 184 ], [ 185, 311 ], [ 312, 409 ], [ 410, 509 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "War of {Spanish Succession}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During this conflict, the Battle of Ramillies was won by the Duke of Marlborough.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c1da", "qanta_id": 86392, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During this conflict, the Battle of Ramillies was won by the Duke of Marlborough. Tallard was defeated by Eugene of Savoy at the Battle of Blenheim during this war. Louis XIV refused to remove his grandson during negotiations to end this conflict. The Habsburg Charles II appointed a Bourbon as heir to the throne, which sparked this conflict because of the competing claim of Charles of Austria. For 10 points, name this war that was ended by the Peace of Utrecht after which Philip V became king of a certain Iberian nation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 164 ], [ 165, 247 ], [ 248, 396 ], [ 397, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Hera}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One myth states that this deity created the Milky Way with her breast milk when she pulled away from suckling Heracles. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hera", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c1e9", "qanta_id": 86407, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One myth states that this deity created the Milky Way with her breast milk when she pulled away from suckling Heracles. In the Iliad, this figure sends Athena to calm Achilles before he argues with Agamemnon and later distracts her consort when Poseidon decides to fight in the war. This goddess sent Argus to keep her husband away from Io, and eventually placed Argus' eyes on the feathers of her peacock. For 10 points, identify this queen of the Greek pantheon, the goddess of marriage and childbirth, and wife of Zeus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 121, 283 ], [ 284, 407 ], [ 408, 523 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Simon {Bolivar}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This leader called for citizens to \"avenge the dead\" after his general Francisco de Miranda had surrendered.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sim\u00f3n_Bol\u00edvar", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c203", "qanta_id": 86433, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This leader called for citizens to \"avenge the dead\" after his general Francisco de Miranda had surrendered. This leader's Panamanian congress failed. He was opposed by Jose Tomas Boves, whose group of llaneros was known as the \"Legion of Hell.\" This author of the Cartegena [\"carta-hena\"] Manifesto met with Jose de San Martin at Guayaquil [\"gua-ya-keel\"], inspiring him to win the battle of Ayacucho. This man was victorious at both Carabobo and Boyaca, where he surprised Spanish troops by crossing the Andes Mountains. For 10 points, name this \"Liberator\" of South America.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 150 ], [ 151, 244 ], [ 244, 245 ], [ 246, 402 ], [ 403, 522 ], [ 523, 577 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Oscar {Wilde}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a work in which Mrs. Erlynne claims the title object is hers while at Lord Darlington's.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oscar_Wilde", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c20c", "qanta_id": 86442, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a work in which Mrs. Erlynne claims the title object is hers while at Lord Darlington's. This author created a character who was abandoned in a purse at a railway station, causing Lady Bracknell to disapprove of his engagement to Gwendolen Fairfax, the cousin of his friend Algernon who courts Cecily Cardew. This author of Lady Windermere's Fan wrote of a character who loves Sibyl Vane and stabs the title object painted by Basil Hallward in The Picture of Dorian Gray. For 10 points, name this author of The Importance of Being Earnest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 326 ], [ 327, 489 ], [ 490, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Perseus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This hero stole the Gray Ones' eye in order to learn the location of the Stygian nymphs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c210", "qanta_id": 86446, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This hero stole the Gray Ones' eye in order to learn the location of the Stygian nymphs. This figure's mother was raped by Proitos, after which Zeus visited her in a shower of golden rain. This hero's loose javelin killed his grandfather Acrisios, and the fisherman Dictys found this hero and his mother Danae when they washed up on a shore. This figure received winged sandals from Hermes and Athena's shield, which he used to fight the sea monster sent to eat Andromeda. This hero turned Polydectes to stone with the head of a Gorgon. For 10 points, name this slayer of Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 188 ], [ 189, 341 ], [ 342, 472 ], [ 473, 536 ], [ 537, 579 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Brazil}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One leader of this country refused to follow the traditional political practice of \"caf\u00e9 com liete\" by not choosing his successor from the southernmost state.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c211", "qanta_id": 86447, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One leader of this country refused to follow the traditional political practice of \"caf\u00e9 com liete\" by not choosing his successor from the southernmost state. That leader, Washington Luis, was succeeded by Getulio Vargas, who established the \"Estado Novo\" in this country. The invasion of this country's Mato Grosso state by Francisco Solano Lopez's army began the War of the Triple Alliance, in which this modern day country formed an alliance with Argentina and Uruguay. For 10 points, name this South American country whose first ruler was the Portuguese Dom Pedro I.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 272 ], [ 273, 472 ], [ 473, 570 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Zeus} [do not accept \u201cJupiter,\u201d because all names are Greek]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god transformed the elderly couple Baucis and Philemon into trees and transformed the godless Lycaon into a wolf.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zeus", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c228", "qanta_id": 86470, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This god transformed the elderly couple Baucis and Philemon into trees and transformed the godless Lycaon into a wolf. This deity killed Porphyrion for trying to rape his wife. Leda, the wife of Tyndareus, was approached by this god in the form of a swan and he dressed as Amphitryon to seduce Alcmene. This god's father Cronos ate a rock in place of him, and Athena sprang fully formed from this god's head. This brother of Hades and Poseidon is married to his sister Hera. For 10 points, name this supreme deity of Olympus and Greek god of thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 176 ], [ 177, 302 ], [ 303, 408 ], [ 409, 474 ], [ 475, 550 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Fyodor Mikhaylovich {Dostoyevsky}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote one work whose unnamed narrator has an appreciation only for the \"sublime and beautiful,\" and that work's second part is titled \"Apropos of the Wet Snow. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fyodor_Dostoevsky", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c23c", "qanta_id": 86490, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote one work whose unnamed narrator has an appreciation only for the \"sublime and beautiful,\" and that work's second part is titled \"Apropos of the Wet Snow. Sonya follows her lover to Siberia at the end of one novel by this author of Notes From the Underground. The protagonist of one novel by this author has a dream about seeing a horse unable to pull a carriage get whipped to death, and the pawnbroker Alyona Ivanovna is murdered by Raskolnikov in that novel. For 10 points, name this Russian author of Crime and Punishment.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 173, 277 ], [ 278, 479 ], [ 480, 544 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{El Greco} [accept Dom\u00e9nikos {Theotok\u00f3poulos}; accept \u201c{The Greek}\u201d]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted one work which depicts St. John dressed in a blue robe lifting his arms to the air as naked spirits rise to Heaven in the background.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "El_Greco", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c253", "qanta_id": 86513, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted one work which depicts St. John dressed in a blue robe lifting his arms to the air as naked spirits rise to Heaven in the background. This artist painted his own son into the bottom left of one of his works. That work is divided into heavenly and earthly zones and depicts Saints Stephen and Augustine holding the title deceased figure. This man painted a landscape of his city during a storm. For 10 points, name this Spanish painter of The Burial of Count Orgaz and View of Toledo whose name refers to his Greek origins.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 227 ], [ 228, 356 ], [ 357, 413 ], [ 414, 542 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Immanuel {Kant}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one essay, this philosopher outlined six \"Preliminary Articles\" and three \"Definitive Articles\" as part of his plan to attain the title goal of Perpetual Peace.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c279", "qanta_id": 86551, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one essay, this philosopher outlined six \"Preliminary Articles\" and three \"Definitive Articles\" as part of his plan to attain the title goal of Perpetual Peace. This philosopher penned Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics and used the example of 7+5=12 in another work to demonstrate the existence of synthetic judgment a priori. This thinker constructed a deontological moral system based upon the categorical imperative in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who wrote the Critique of Pure Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 333 ], [ 334, 471 ], [ 471, 553 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Raphael} [accept {Raffaello} Sanzio]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted the Virgin reading a book while St. John and the infant Christ play with a bird in Madonna of the Goldfinch.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Raphael", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c28b", "qanta_id": 86569, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist painted the Virgin reading a book while St. John and the infant Christ play with a bird in Madonna of the Goldfinch. This artist was commissioned to paint frescoes, such as Disputation Over the Holy Sacrament, in the so called Stanza della Signatura. In one painting by this artist, a figure in blue sprawls on the steps while Euclid teaches geometry and Socrates lectures while Alexander the Great looks on. That painting depicts Plato and Aristotle arguing in the title location. For 10 points, name this painter of The School of Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 262 ], [ 263, 420 ], [ 421, 493 ], [ 494, 551 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Edgar Allan {Poe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel in which the title character stows away aboard the Grampus before disguising himself as a ghost to scare away mutineers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edgar_Allan_Poe", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c28e", "qanta_id": 86572, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote a novel in which the title character stows away aboard the Grampus before disguising himself as a ghost to scare away mutineers. In addition to writing The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, this author wrote a story in which a mother and daughter are murdered on the title street by an orangutan. The detective C. Auguste Dupin appears in several works by this man. This author wrote about the murder of an old man whose title organ is stored under the floorboards. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Tell- Tale Heart\" and \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 312 ], [ 313, 381 ], [ 382, 481 ], [ 482, 576 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Andrew {Jackson}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This president was called a bigamist because he married his wife before her divorce was final.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Andrew_Jackson", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c290", "qanta_id": 86574, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This president was called a bigamist because he married his wife before her divorce was final. This leader's cabinet was rearranged during the Peggy Eaton Affair. His being called a \"jackass\" led to the donkey being adopted as a symbol of the Democratic Party. This president had to contend with the \"nullification crisis\" in South Carolina and sought to annul the Second Bank of the United States. This man had earlier gained popular support after winning the Battle of New Orleans. For 10 points, name this seventh president, nicknamed \"Old Hickory.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 162 ], [ 163, 260 ], [ 261, 398 ], [ 399, 483 ], [ 484, 552 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Japan} [accept {Nippon}]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's trade minister resigned after just eight days following remarks threatening to give a newspaper reporter radiation poisoning.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c297", "qanta_id": 86581, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This country's trade minister resigned after just eight days following remarks threatening to give a newspaper reporter radiation poisoning. Moody's recently cut this non-American country's credit rating score and a student from this country drowned after falling over Niagara Falls. An airport controller from this country blogged about the movement of Air Force One, for which Prime Minister Noda apologized. A tsunami struck this country, including the island of Honshu, home to its capitol and Mt. Fuji. For 10 points, name this Asian country with capital at Tokyo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 283 ], [ 284, 410 ], [ 411, 507 ], [ 508, 569 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Novice Set", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Edward Morgan {Forster}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, Emily is ashamed of her ward Stephen, who is the illegitimate half-brother of Rickie Eliot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._M._Forster", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c2a8", "qanta_id": 86598, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work by this author, Emily is ashamed of her ward Stephen, who is the illegitimate half-brother of Rickie Eliot. Another of this author's protagonists who quits his job at an insurance company and dies from a falling bookcase is Leonard Bast. This author of The Longest Journey wrote one novel in which(*) George convinces the protagonist to break off her engagement to Cecil, while in another Cyril Fielding defends Dr. Aziz from accusations of rape. For 10 points, name this author of Howard's End, A Room With a View and A Passage to India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 249 ], [ 250, 312 ], [ 313, 458 ], [ 459, 495 ], [ 495, 551 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Zoroastrianism} [or {Zarathustrianism}]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one sect of this religion, children are given a shirt and girdle upon coming of age, which they are expected to wear their entire life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c2d3", "qanta_id": 86641, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one sect of this religion, children are given a shirt and girdle upon coming of age, which they are expected to wear their entire life. In one purification ceremony, adherents of this religion spend nine days in seclusion after touching the left ear of a dog. Another of its rituals, the(*) Yasna, adds the sacrifice of sacred water to the recitation of portions of the Avesta. Followers of this faith worship at Fire Temples and believe that the evil deity Angra Mainyu opposes the creator god, Ahura Mazda. For 10 points, identify this monotheistic religion founded in ancient Persia by its namesake prophet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 262 ], [ 263, 380 ], [ 381, 511 ], [ 512, 613 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Friedrich Wilhelm {Nietzsche}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker described the monumental, antiquarian, and critical methods of using history for life in one work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c2d7", "qanta_id": 86645, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker described the monumental, antiquarian, and critical methods of using history for life in one work. He claimed that conceptions of good and evil arose from ressentiment of slaves in one work, and in another, the \"Parable of the Madman\" appears alongside a formulation of eternal recurrence. This author of On the(*) Genealogy of Morals and The Gay Science discussed the importance of people creating values for themselves to become \u00dcbermenschen in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who coined the phrase \"God is dead.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 302 ], [ 303, 317 ], [ 318, 483 ], [ 484, 564 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Richard {Wagner}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this composer's operas, Adriano is killed trying to capture the title character.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Wagner", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c2ea", "qanta_id": 86664, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this composer's operas, Adriano is killed trying to capture the title character. This man also wrote an opera that includes the \"Dance of the Apprentices\" and centers around a vocal contest. This composer of Rienzi is most famous for an(*) operatic cycle that begins with a 136 measure E-flat drone in the prelude and ends with Brunnhilde ordering a funeral pyre for Siegfried in The Twilight of the Gods. For 10 points, name this German composer of The Mastersingers of Nuremberg and the Ring Cycle, which contains the \"Ride of the Valkyries.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 200 ], [ 201, 415 ], [ 416, 554 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The {Importance of Being Earnest}, or a Trivial Comedy for Serious People", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work supports smoking because \"a man should always have an occupation of some kind.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c2ef", "qanta_id": 86668, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work supports smoking because \"a man should always have an occupation of some kind.\" Two characters in this work debate about the properness of eating muffins in their situation, and another resists her schooling because she wants to water her flowers. That character,(*) Cecily, dislikes her uncle's seriousness. At the end of this play, Miss Prism reveals that two characters are in fact brothers. Jack Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff take on a shared pseudonym in, for 10 points, what Oscar Wilde play?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 105, 106 ], [ 107, 274 ], [ 275, 335 ], [ 336, 421 ], [ 422, 527 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Johannes {Vermeer}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, a chest of gold and pearl necklaces lies open on a table while a woman holds the title object.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Vermeer", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c2f9", "qanta_id": 86678, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this man's works, a chest of gold and pearl necklaces lies open on a table while a woman holds the title object. This creator of Woman With a Balance depicted a woman leaning her elbow on a table in A Girl Asleep, and a man(*) bends over to touch a globe in his The Astronomer. This artist may have used a camera obscura to produce a painting that depicts the Rotterdam Gate, and his most famous work depicts a woman in a blue and yellow headdress as well as the title object. For 10 points, identify this Dutch artist of View of Delft and Girl with a Pearl Earring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 287 ], [ 288, 486 ], [ 487, 576 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Ottoman} Empire [accept {Osmalani }Belyk, {Osmalani} Empire, or {Osmalani }Devleti, prompt on \u201c{Turk}ish\u201d or \u201c{Turk}ey\u201d]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This empire's K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc era occurred when royal advisers from the namesake family dominated the government, and its Tulip period included renovations of its ruler's residence at the Topkapi Palace.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ottoman_Empire", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c2fd", "qanta_id": 86682, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This empire's K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc era occurred when royal advisers from the namesake family dominated the government, and its Tulip period included renovations of its ruler's residence at the Topkapi Palace. This empire won the Battle of(*) Moh\u00e1cs [mow-HOCH], and Bursa was once its capital. In the Auspicious Incident, it disbanded its Janissary [JAN-is-sare-y] forces, and it controlled the entire Balkans under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. For 10 points, identify this empire of Asia Minor that ruled from its capital at Istanbul.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 279 ], [ 280, 434 ], [ 435, 525 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Hera} [or {Juno}]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity held a golden band when going to Mount Ida, executing a plan to make love in a golden cloud.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hera", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c30b", "qanta_id": 86696, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This deity held a golden band when going to Mount Ida, executing a plan to make love in a golden cloud. This goddess transformed queen Lamia of Libya into a monster out of envy, and decreed that Leto was not to give birth on(*) Terra Firma. This goddess struck Tiresias blind for siding with Zeus in a debate, and Echo engaged in distracting conversation with her. Some myths say that this goddess gave birth to Hephaestus alone instead of with her often- cheating husband. For 10 points, name this Greco-Roman Goddess of women and children and wife of Zeus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 240 ], [ 241, 364 ], [ 365, 473 ], [ 474, 558 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Thomas {Hardy}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The title character of one of this author's works gets hit in the ear by a pig's penis thrown by his future wife.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Hardy", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c349", "qanta_id": 86758, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The title character of one of this author's works gets hit in the ear by a pig's penis thrown by his future wife. In another novel by this author, the title character is insulted by Groby and has a baby named Sorrow. The protagonist of another novel by this author hires(*) Donald Farfrae and drunkenly sells his wife and daughter to the sailor Newson. Later, that man, Michael Henchard, rises to prominence in a small town in Wessex. For 10 points, name this author of Jude the Obscure, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, and The Mayor of Casterbridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 216 ], [ 217, 352 ], [ 353, 434 ], [ 435, 545 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Catch-22}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work stuffs crab apples into his cheeks \"because they're better than horse chestnuts.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Catch-22", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c353", "qanta_id": 86768, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this work stuffs crab apples into his cheeks \"because they're better than horse chestnuts.\" Another character who claims to be a photographer for Life Magazine, but constantly tries to photograph naked women is Hungry Joe. Another of this work's characters views everything that happens to him as either a(*) \"black eye\" or a \"feather in his cap.\" Milo Minderbinder starts a business instead of flying missions off Pianosa in this novel. Yossarian is a captain in the Air Force in, for 10 points, what satirical novel by Joseph Heller?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 239 ], [ 240, 364 ], [ 365, 454 ], [ 455, 552 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Utilitarian}ism [prompt on {consequential}ism]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Robert Nozick argued against this doctrine by imagining a \"monster\" who gets increasing marginal returns, and Derek Parfit describes its \"repugnant conclusion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Utilitarianism", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c354", "qanta_id": 86769, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Robert Nozick argued against this doctrine by imagining a \"monster\" who gets increasing marginal returns, and Derek Parfit describes its \"repugnant conclusion.\" One proponent of it evaluated the worth of acts with a \"felicific calculus\" in The Principles of Morals and Legislation.(*) Peter Singer favors a version of this philosophy which advocates maximally satisfying peoples' preferences; other varieties include the \"rule\" and \"act\" kinds. For 10 points, name this doctrine supported by John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham, summarized as \"the greatest good for the greatest number.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 159, 281 ], [ 281, 284 ], [ 285, 444 ], [ 445, 587 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Rembrandt} van Rijn", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Etchings by this artist include depictions of an Egyptian trying to seduce Joseph in Joseph and Potiphar's Wife.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rembrandt", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c35d", "qanta_id": 86778, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Etchings by this artist include depictions of an Egyptian trying to seduce Joseph in Joseph and Potiphar's Wife. This man's only seascape was stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in 1990 and depicts Jesus on a boat in Lake Tiberias. A(*) philosopher looks upon a marble sculpture in one of his works, and this man titled another painting depicting a lively military company after Frans Banning Cocq. For 10 points, identify this Dutch painter who created Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer and The Night Watch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 243 ], [ 244, 410 ], [ 411, 526 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Don Quixote} [or The Ingenious Gentleman {Don Quixote} of La Mancha or El ingenioso hidalgo {don Quijote} de la Mancha]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The second half of this novel begins with an anecdote about a dog owner beating a man who drops a heavy slab on dogs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c360", "qanta_id": 86781, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The second half of this novel begins with an anecdote about a dog owner beating a man who drops a heavy slab on dogs. One of this novel's characters is told that he must self-flagellate 3,300 times to disenchant the protagonist's love interest. That protagonist is defeated by Sanson(*) Carrasco, who takes a pseudonym involving the White Moon. This novel's title character rides the horse Rocinante and loves Dulcinea. For 10 points, identify this early Spanish novel about a \"knight-errant\" and his partner, Sancho Panza, written by Miguel de Cervantes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 244 ], [ 245, 344 ], [ 345, 419 ], [ 420, 555 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Entropy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Sackur-Tetrode equation describes this quantity for a monatomic ideal gas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c364", "qanta_id": 86785, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Sackur-Tetrode equation describes this quantity for a monatomic ideal gas. A reversible adiabatic process occurs without change in this quantity, which is equal to Boltzmann's constant times the natural log of the number of(*) microstates in the system. The Gibbs free energy change for a reaction is the enthalpy change minus temperature times the change in this quantity, which is given in units of Joules per Kelvin. The Second Law of Thermodynamics requires increases in, for 10 points, what state function, a measure of a system's disorder?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 257 ], [ 258, 423 ], [ 424, 549 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{To Kill a Mockingbird}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, Zeebo is one of four literate people in the First Purchase Church, and one character who drinks gin out of Pinkham bottles is Mrs. Merriweather.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "To_Kill_a_Mockingbird", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c36c", "qanta_id": 86793, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, Zeebo is one of four literate people in the First Purchase Church, and one character who drinks gin out of Pinkham bottles is Mrs. Merriweather. Burris fights with Little Chuck Little, upsetting the schoolteacher(*) Miss Fisher in this novel. Burris' sister Mayella is abused by their father Bob Ewell, whose attempt to kill the protagonist and Jem is thwarted by Boo Radley. For 10 points, name this novel by Harper Lee, narrated by Scout, in which Tom Robinson, a black man, is defended against a false rape accusation by Atticus Finch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 257 ], [ 258, 390 ], [ 391, 553 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The {School of Athens}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Arabesque swastikas decorate the arch closest to the viewer in this painting.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_School_of_Athens", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c378", "qanta_id": 86805, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Arabesque swastikas decorate the arch closest to the viewer in this painting. A sculpture of a man holding a sphere appears on another arch towards the rear of this work next to which can be seen glimpses of blue sky. Statues of Minerva and Apollo flank the central group of this painting, which includes depictions of(*) Zoroaster, Epicurus, and Avveros. This painting contains a depiction of Michelangelo resting his head on his arm, and another of Diogenes sprawled out on a set of stairs reading a scroll. Also depicting Plato and Aristotle, for 10 points, identify this fresco by Raphael.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 217 ], [ 218, 355 ], [ 356, 509 ], [ 510, 593 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{China} [or People\u2019s Republic of {China}, or {Zhongguo}, or {Wolf Totem} before mentioned]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work from this country, the protagonist adopts a pup to protect it from extinction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c37c", "qanta_id": 86809, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one work from this country, the protagonist adopts a pup to protect it from extinction. This setting of Wolf Totem also produced a work in which the freeing of 108 spirits from beneath a tortoise leads to a gathering of outlaws. One work from this country claims \"A cup of wine levels life and death\". This country, responsible for(*) Water Margin and \"Drinking Alone by Moonlight\", is the site of the Yellow Turban Rebellion in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. For 10 points, identify this country, home to such authors as Lu Jiamin, Li Po, and Luo Guanzhong.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 231 ], [ 232, 304 ], [ 305, 462 ], [ 463, 561 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Henry Wadsworth {Longfellow}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Mary Ashburton jilts Paul Flemming in this author's novel Hyperion, and the protagonist of one of his works discovers corn growing out of Mondamin's grave.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c388", "qanta_id": 86821, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Mary Ashburton jilts Paul Flemming in this author's novel Hyperion, and the protagonist of one of his works discovers corn growing out of Mondamin's grave. Another of his works is set during the expulsion of the Acadians, and describes the title character's search for Gabriel(*) Lajeunesse [lah-zhou- ness]. In another work by this poet, the title character, a child of Wenonah and the West Wind, lives with Minnehaha near Gitche Gumee. For 10 points, name this Fireside Poet who wrote Evangeline and The Song of Hiawatha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 308 ], [ 309, 437 ], [ 438, 523 ] ], "tournament": "MSU/UD Housewrite", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{Spleen}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Affected by Gaucher's disease, this organ is held in position by two folds of its surrounding peritoneum, the phrenicolienal ligament and the gastrolienal ligament.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spleen", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c3b7", "qanta_id": 86868, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Affected by Gaucher's disease, this organ is held in position by two folds of its surrounding peritoneum, the phrenicolienal ligament and the gastrolienal ligament. Its inner membrane consists of numerous fibrous bands called trabeculae and this organ also contains many lymphatic nodules called Malpighian bodies. Consisting of both white and red pulp, this organ is lesser known for its relation to the immune system. FTP, identify this organ that is best known for recycling red blood cells.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 314 ], [ 315, 419 ], [ 420, 494 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{Loki}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Sometimes identified with Vili or Lodur, this god was the son of the fire giants Laufey [LOW-fee] and Farbauti [far-BOUT-ee].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Loki", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c3de", "qanta_id": 86907, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Sometimes identified with Vili or Lodur, this god was the son of the fire giants Laufey [LOW-fee] and Farbauti [far-BOUT-ee]. Disguised as a horse, he mated with Svadilfari [sva-dill-FAR-ee], later giving birth to the 8-legged horse Sleipnir [SLAPE-neer]. Disguised as the witch Thokk, he was the only living creature not to weep for Baldur's death. His wife is Sigyn [SIH-ghin], though it was with the giantess Angrboda [ong-er-BOD-da] that he fathered three famous monsters. The nemesis of Heimdall is, FTP, what Norse trickster god?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 255 ], [ 256, 349 ], [ 350, 476 ], [ 477, 535 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{Thoth} or {Djhuty}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This moon god is supposed to have healed the eye of Horus after he was wounded by Seth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thoth", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c402", "qanta_id": 86943, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This moon god is supposed to have healed the eye of Horus after he was wounded by Seth. The center of his cult was the town of Khmunu; the Greek name for the town, Hermopolis, reflects their identification of him with one of their own gods. He served as the scribe when a person stood in judgement in the Hall of Truth. His sacred animals were the baboon and the ibis, and in art he was usually depicted as a man with an ibis head. FTP, name this Egyptian god of learning and writing.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 240 ], [ 241, 319 ], [ 320, 431 ], [ 432, 484 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Eug\u00e8ne {Delacroix}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A Sir Walter Scott story provided the inspiration for his Murder of the Archbishop of Liege, exhibited in the 1831 Salon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c45b", "qanta_id": 87032, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A Sir Walter Scott story provided the inspiration for his Murder of the Archbishop of Liege, exhibited in the 1831 Salon. Idolized by Baudelaire, he modeled for the face-down man at the center of Raft of the Medusa, and rumor suggests he was the son of Talleyrand. His Orientalist works include The Fanatics of Tangiers and The Massacre at Chios. FTP, name this artist of Liberty Leading the People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 264 ], [ 265, 346 ], [ 347, 399 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Ludwig {Mies van der Rohe}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, an empty pool containing a statue and his cantilevered chairs was featured in his German Pavilion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c460", "qanta_id": 87037, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, an empty pool containing a statue and his cantilevered chairs was featured in his German Pavilion. A developer of the International style while a member of the Deutscher Werkbund, the modern skyscraper was largely defined by his collaboration with his disciple Philip Johnson on the Seagram Building in New York, which exemplified his dictum, \"less is more.\" FTP, name this last director of the Bauhaus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 408 ], [ 408, 454 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Johannes {Brahms}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After studying composition with Eduard Marxsen, he toured with Remenyi and moved to Hamburg to direct a women's chorus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Brahms", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c463", "qanta_id": 87040, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After studying composition with Eduard Marxsen, he toured with Remenyi and moved to Hamburg to direct a women's chorus. His interest in vocal music prompted him to write the narrative Magelone cycle, Schicksalslied, and the Liebeslieder Waltzes. It took him ten years to write a symphony in the manner of his idol, Beethoven. The composer of Tragic Overture, FTP name this friend of the Schumanns who also wrote German Requiem.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 245 ], [ 246, 325 ], [ 326, 427 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{Enthalpy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Derived from the Greek for \"inner warmth,\" it is conserved in a throttling process.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Enthalpy", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c49d", "qanta_id": 87098, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Derived from the Greek for \"inner warmth,\" it is conserved in a throttling process. According to Hess's law, this value is independent of the route taken from products to reactants, while the change in this quantity is negative for exothermic reactions and positive for endothermic reactions. FTP, name this thermodynamic quantity, equal to the total internal energy of a system plus the product of the system's pressure and volume, usually represented by the letter H.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 292 ], [ 293, 469 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "{Leonardo} {da Vinci} (first or last name acceptable)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In 1503 this military engineer worked on a project to reroute the Arno River around Pisa, a year after serving as a field attache to Cesare Borgia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonardo_da_Vinci", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c4ae", "qanta_id": 87115, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In 1503 this military engineer worked on a project to reroute the Arno River around Pisa, a year after serving as a field attache to Cesare Borgia. Twenty years earlier he entered the employ of Ludovic Sforza, the Duke of Milan, already having designed portable bridges and armored wagons in his coded notebooks. FTP, who was this Renaissance man who also painted The Virgin of the Rocks, The Last Supper, and the Mona Lisa?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 312 ], [ 313, 424 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "Le {Corbusier} or Charles Edouard {Jeanneret}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He viewed the home as a \"machine for living in\". His architecture saw buildings reduced to their simplest geometric shapes and his city planning physically separated the individual functions of the metropolis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Le_Corbusier", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c4b6", "qanta_id": 87123, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He viewed the home as a \"machine for living in\". His architecture saw buildings reduced to their simplest geometric shapes and his city planning physically separated the individual functions of the metropolis. In 1925 his Plan Voisin proposed the application of his principles to the city of Paris, but fortunately it was not adopted. He did receive a commission to design the capital of the Indian State of Punjab, Chandigarh. FTP who was this Swiss- French architect known for putting buildings on concrete pylons?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 334 ], [ 335, 427 ], [ 428, 516 ] ], "tournament": "Illinois Novice", "year": 2002 }, { "answer": "George {Washington}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Among those who painted him are Christian Gullager, William Williams, and Edward Savage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c505", "qanta_id": 87202, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Among those who painted him are Christian Gullager, William Williams, and Edward Savage. However, the most famous portrait of him was purposely left unfinished, because the artist kept it to copy again and again as he received orders for reproductions. For 10 points -- name this man, also painted by John Trumbull, Charles Wilson Peale, and most famously, Gilbert Stuart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 252 ], [ 253, 372 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Jean-Jacques {Rousseau}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Born in Switzerland in 1712, he was abandoned in Geneva when his father was exiled, and he later abandoned five of his own illegitimate children by Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Levasseur.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c50f", "qanta_id": 87212, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Born in Switzerland in 1712, he was abandoned in Geneva when his father was exiled, and he later abandoned five of his own illegitimate children by Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Levasseur. The librettist for the operas Les Muses Ga-lantes and Le De-vin du Village \\-- for 10 points -- name this Enlightenment philosopher, author of the Political Treatises.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 334 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "{Thor}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Although he rides in a chariot driven by goats, this god is far more famous for the other accessory be carries with him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thor", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c53b", "qanta_id": 87255, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Although he rides in a chariot driven by goats, this god is far more famous for the other accessory be carries with him. During Ragnarok he will slay the Midgard serpent, but die from its venom when his wife arrives too late to administer the antidote. For 10 points -- name this deity, wielder of the hammer Mjolnir [MYOL-neer] and Norse god of thunder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 252 ], [ 253, 354 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Jean-Jacques {Rousseau}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Born in Switzerland in 1712, he was abandoned in Geneva when his father was exiled, and he later abandoned five of his own illegitimate children by Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Levasseur.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Jacques_Rousseau", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c57c", "qanta_id": 87320, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Born in Switzerland in 1712, he was abandoned in Geneva when his father was exiled, and he later abandoned five of his own illegitimate children by Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Levasseur. The librettist for the operas Les Muses Ga-lantes and Le De-vin du Village \\-- for 10 points -- name this Enlightenment philosopher, author of the Political Treatises.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 334 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "(violon)cello", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This instrument is the focus of the second symphony by Ellen Taaffe Zwilich, and, in addition to a violin concerto (kun-\"CHAIR\"-toh), Edward Elgar (EL-gar) wrote a concerto for this instrument.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cello", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c5a3", "qanta_id": 87359, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This instrument is the focus of the second symphony by Ellen Taaffe Zwilich, and, in addition to a violin concerto (kun-\"CHAIR\"-toh), Edward Elgar (EL-gar) wrote a concerto for this instrument. It is also the focus of the last symphony by Benjamin Britten, which he wrote for Mstislav Rostropovich (ros-truh-POH-vich). This instrument also is used to represent the title character in Richard (ri-KARD) Strauss's Don Quixote, which was premiered by Friedrich Gr\u00fctzmacher and was famously played by Pablo Casals. This instrument is also the focus of Tchaikovsky's Variations on a Rococo Theme, which has been recorded by Yo-Yo Ma. Name this instrument which combines with a viola and two violins to form a string quartet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 318 ], [ 319, 401 ], [ 402, 510 ], [ 511, 628 ], [ 629, 719 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{diffraction} [accept word forms]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Clifford Shull used the neutron type of this concept to explore the structure of ice, and one model of this concept uses Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integrals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffraction", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c5c7", "qanta_id": 87395, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Clifford Shull used the neutron type of this concept to explore the structure of ice, and one model of this concept uses Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integrals. Used to explain an opal's play-of-color, the Laue (LOUW-uh) patterns produced by this effect on X-rays helped determine the shape of DNA. An Airy disk results when this principle occurs for a circular aperture, and Fresnel numbers less than one are indicative of its Fraunhofer (FROUN-hoh-fer) type. Generating interference patterns in Young's double-slit experiment, name this principle, the bending or spreading of waves around an obstacle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 289 ], [ 290, 451 ], [ 452, 594 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Things Fall Apart", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, it is considered good riddance when a woman who has given birth to twins four times leaves her family for religious reasons.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Things_Fall_Apart", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c5c9", "qanta_id": 87397, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this novel, it is considered good riddance when a woman who has given birth to twins four times leaves her family for religious reasons. The people running the church she joins surprise local residents when they survive twenty-eight days, and they eventually recruit the son of the protagonist of this novel. In another church in this novel, Reverend James Smith takes over from the more lenient Mr. Brown. The protagonist of this novel often worries about being considered feminine; he is punished for disturbing the Peace of Ani and often remembers his defeat of the Cat in a wrestling match. Name this novel set in Umuofia, written about Okonkwo by Chinua Achebe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 311 ], [ 312, 409 ], [ 410, 597 ], [ 598, 669 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "People\u2019s Republic of China [or PRC; do not accept \u201cRepublic of China\u201d]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One short story from this country is about a man remembering his grandfather after seeing a fishing rod, and a novel by the same author is about a tourist who thought he had cancer who is referred to in alternating chapters as \"I\" and \"You\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c5d6", "qanta_id": 87410, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One short story from this country is about a man remembering his grandfather after seeing a fishing rod, and a novel by the same author is about a tourist who thought he had cancer who is referred to in alternating chapters as \"I\" and \"You\". In another novel from this country, 105 men and three women are heroes who oppose a high-ranking adviser to an Emperor. Another work from this country is tied together by a stone that was abandoned when a goddess abandoned the heavens. Those works are Soul Mountain, Water Margin, and Dream of the Red Chamber. Name this country whose literature portrays the Buddhist monk Xuanzang (shoo- wen-zahng) in Journey to the West.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 242 ], [ 243, 362 ], [ 363, 478 ], [ 479, 555 ], [ 555, 667 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Peter Paul Rubens", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this artist shows a tiger looking up on the left side, a man blowing into a conch shell on the bottom, and water pouring from a jug in the middle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_Paul_Rubens", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c5d8", "qanta_id": 87412, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this artist shows a tiger looking up on the left side, a man blowing into a conch shell on the bottom, and water pouring from a jug in the middle. In another work he showed two men being trampled while three men on horseback prepare to use their spears to hunt a crocodile and hippopotamus. In addition to The Union of Earth and Water, he painted a work showing Christ's foot on Mary Magdalene's shoulder and Saint John in a red robe bearing much of Christ's weight. Name this Flemish Baroque painter who portrayed Henry the Fourth and painted Descent from the Cross who is also known for his fleshy nudes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 302 ], [ 303, 478 ], [ 479, 618 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "George Frideric Handel", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer used a fugue (fyoog) from his music teacher Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow in the last of his Twelve Grand Concertos, and earlier parts of those pieces are nicknamed \"the cuckoo and the nightingale\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c5dc", "qanta_id": 87416, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer used a fugue (fyoog) from his music teacher Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow in the last of his Twelve Grand Concertos, and earlier parts of those pieces are nicknamed \"the cuckoo and the nightingale\". One of his pieces has a second suite in D Major which ends with a Lentement (LAHNT-mahn) and a Bourr\u00e9e. Another work by this composer contains a famous La Rejouissance (reh- zhwee-swanss) movement. This composer also wrote Zadok the Priest, the first of his four anthems traditionally played at coronations of British monarchs. Name this composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks and Water Music famous for his oratorio Messiah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 208, 311 ], [ 312, 405 ], [ 406, 535 ], [ 536, 636 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Percy Bysshe Shelley", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Edgar Lee Masters wrote a poem named for this writer, one of whose own works is narrated by somebody without fame, power, love, or leisure and is entitled \"Stanzas Written in Dejection", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Percy_Bysshe_Shelley", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c5e9", "qanta_id": 87429, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Edgar Lee Masters wrote a poem named for this writer, one of whose own works is narrated by somebody without fame, power, love, or leisure and is entitled \"Stanzas Written in Dejection Near Naples\". This poet also wrote about \"The awful shadow of some unseen Power\" in \"Hymn to Intellectual Beauty\" and about \"the trumpet of a prophecy\" in another poem. This poet also wrote \"To Wordsworth\" and an elegy on the death of John Keats titled \"Adona\u00efs\". This poet of \"Ode to the West Wind\" claimed in one work that he \"met a traveller from an antique land\" who saw \"two vast and trunkless legs of stone\" in the desert. Name this English Romantic poet of \"Ozymandias\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 198 ], [ 199, 355 ], [ 356, 452 ], [ 452, 617 ], [ 618, 666 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "torque [accept moment of force before it is mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A water brake dynamometer (dai-nuh-MOM-i-ter) measures power output by changes in this quantity in an engine, and the components of this quantity appear on one side of the Euler (OY-lur) equations for rigid bodies. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Torque", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c602", "qanta_id": 87454, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A water brake dynamometer (dai-nuh-MOM-i-ter) measures power output by changes in this quantity in an engine, and the components of this quantity appear on one side of the Euler (OY-lur) equations for rigid bodies. Epicylic (ep-uh-SAI-klik) gearing is used to multiply this quantity, and a couple produces a net value of this quantity sometimes synonymous with moment of force. This is equal to the derivative of angular momentum with respect to time and can also be calculated as moment of inertia times angular acceleration. Equal to the lever arm length times the perpendicular component of force, name this quantity which causes objects to spin about an axis, the rotational analogue of force.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 216, 378 ], [ 379, 527 ], [ 528, 698 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "B(urrhus) F(rederic) Skinner", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This psychologist compared his theories to Boyle's Law and connected many of his theories to Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B._F._Skinner", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c629", "qanta_id": 87493, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This psychologist compared his theories to Boyle's Law and connected many of his theories to Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect. He described yelling at a movie and similar communications without consequence as extended mands in a book that was strongly criticized by Noam Chomsky. This writer encouraged cultural engineering and behavior modification in his book Beyond Freedom and Dignity, and he wrote an influential article titled \"Baby in a Box\" which described an operant conditioning chamber. Name this radical behaviorist who wrote the novel Walden Two.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 279 ], [ 280, 497 ], [ 498, 559 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "S\u00f8ren (Aabye) Kierkegaard", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a satire on Georg Hegel, this writer wrote a work subtitled A Mimical-Pathetical-Dialectical Compilation, An Existential Contribution.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "S\u00f8ren_Kierkegaard", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c636", "qanta_id": 87506, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a satire on Georg Hegel, this writer wrote a work subtitled A Mimical-Pathetical-Dialectical Compilation, An Existential Contribution. Near the end of this writer's life, he wrote This Must Be Said, So Let It Be Said and Christ's Judgement on Official Christianity, claiming that he is not a Christian. A book by this writer describes aesthetic pleasure in its first half and then argues that ethics is more important than aesthetics in its second half. Another book by this writer gives four retellings of Abraham killing Isaac. Name this philosopher who used pseudonyms such as Johannes Climacus and wrote Either/Or and Fear and Trembling.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 305 ], [ 306, 456 ], [ 457, 532 ], [ 533, 618 ], [ 618, 644 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Gioachino Rossini", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one opera by this composer, the main character, who enters singing \"Cruda sorte!", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gioachino_Rossini", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c64b", "qanta_id": 87527, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one opera by this composer, the main character, who enters singing \"Cruda sorte! Amor tiranno!\" (CROO-dah SOR-tay ah-MOR tee-RAHN-no) and is loved by Lindoro, is Isabella. Niccol\u00f2 Paganini (pa-ga-NEE-nee) wrote variations based on the aria \"Dal tuo stellato soglio\", which appears in this composer's Moses in Egypt. In addition to that work and The Italian Girl in Algiers, this composer based one opera on a play by Friedrich Schiller whose overture ends with an often used cavalry charge gallop. This composer also wrote the aria \"Largo al factotum\", which appears in an opera originally titled Almaviva (ahl-mah-VEE-vah). Identify this composer of William Tell and The Barber of Seville.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 98 ], [ 99, 174 ], [ 175, 318 ], [ 319, 500 ], [ 501, 627 ], [ 628, 693 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sophocles", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One play by this writer begins with Deianeira (day-uh-NEE-rah) complaining that her life is sorrowful and bitter; she later dyes a robe in blood so her husband will not love Iole (ih-OH-lee).", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sophocles", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c65b", "qanta_id": 87543, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One play by this writer begins with Deianeira (day-uh-NEE-rah) complaining that her life is sorrowful and bitter; she later dyes a robe in blood so her husband will not love Iole (ih-OH-lee). Another work by this writer is about the attempt of Neoptolemus (nee-op-TOL-ee-mus) and Odysseus (oh-DIS-see-us) to recruit a fighter on the island of Lemnos. This writer ended the tradition of writing tragedies as parts of trilogies, and he added a third actor to the stage. The Trachiniae (truh-KIN- ee-ee) and Philoctetes (fil-uhk-TEE-teez) are two of his seven plays which have survived in their entirety. He followed soon after Aeschylus (EHS-kuh- lus), and wrote plays about a certain character at Colonus and the King; that character is Oedipus (EHD-uh-pihs). Name this playwright whose third Theban play was Antigone (aan-TIH-goh-nee).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 351 ], [ 352, 468 ], [ 469, 602 ], [ 603, 759 ], [ 760, 836 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Gustav Mahler", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this composer, which includes \"The lonely one in Autumn\" as one of its six sections, is based on Hans Bethge's translations of ancient Chinese poetry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustav_Mahler", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c65e", "qanta_id": 87546, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this composer, which includes \"The lonely one in Autumn\" as one of its six sections, is based on Hans Bethge's translations of ancient Chinese poetry. This composer's fifth symphony opens with a funeral march, and his first symphony includes a funeral march based on \"Fr\u00e8re Jacques\". His second symphony begins with funeral rites, and his fourth symphony has a section titled \"What the Child Tells Me\" which was originally the seventh section of his third symphony. This composer also wrote works based on the poetry of Friedrich R\u00fcckert, including Kindertotenlieder. Name this composer who, in addition to writing The Song of the Earth, wrote symphonies nicknamed \"Titan\", \"Resurrection\", and \"Symphony of a Thousand\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 295 ], [ 296, 477 ], [ 478, 580 ], [ 581, 732 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns (sain-sehn)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a set of variations based on Beethoven's eighteenth piano sonata.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Camille_Saint-Sa\u00ebns", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c66f", "qanta_id": 87563, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer wrote a set of variations based on Beethoven's eighteenth piano sonata. He also wrote two works for Pablo de Sarasate (sah-rah-SAH-tay), his third violin concerto and a piece which stays on the E string for almost its entire second half, Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso (kuh-pree-chee-OH- soh). One piece by this composer tunes the E string to an E Flat, contains a devil's chord, and is set on Halloween evening. The eleventh movement of one collection by this composer sounds like two pianists practicing their scales; that collection's seventh movement uses a glass harmonica and is titled \"The Aquarium\". Name this composer of Danse Macabre and The Carnival of the Animals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 311 ], [ 312, 430 ], [ 431, 625 ], [ 626, 694 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Oliver Cromwell", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man arrived too late to participate in the Battle of Edgehill, and he and John Meldrum were only able to hold Gainsborough for a short time after defeating Charles Cavendish.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oliver_Cromwell", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c672", "qanta_id": 87566, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man arrived too late to participate in the Battle of Edgehill, and he and John Meldrum were only able to hold Gainsborough for a short time after defeating Charles Cavendish. He led the cavalry under Thomas Fairfax at the Battles of Langport and Naseby. His cavalry was supported by troops under Major General Leslie when this man temporarily left the field with a neck injury during the Battle of Marston Moor. This man's troops in the New Model Army took on his nickname of \"Ironsides\". Name this victor who led the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War and became first Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 258 ], [ 259, 416 ], [ 417, 493 ], [ 494, 628 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Mario Vargas Llosa [prompt on a partial last name]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One novel by this author is about Urania Cabral and her relationship with Dominican Republic dictator Rafael Trujillo [troo-HEE-yoh].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mario_Vargas_Llosa", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c67f", "qanta_id": 87579, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One novel by this author is about Urania Cabral and her relationship with Dominican Republic dictator Rafael Trujillo [troo-HEE-yoh]. Another historical work by this author is about Ant\u00f4nio Conselheiro, who believed that the end of monarchy would bring the Antichrist and who founded the village of Canudos. In addition to The Feast of the Goat and The War of the End of the World, this writer wrote about a man who marries his uncle's sister-in-law and works at a radio station with Pedro Camacho. Name this 2010 Nobel Laureate in Literature, the Peruvian author of Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 307 ], [ 308, 498 ], [ 499, 599 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "John Stuart Mill", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This writer was very critical of Henry Mansel and said that he would not worship a being that could not be described in terms of human morality in An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Stuart_Mill", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c6a0", "qanta_id": 87612, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This writer was very critical of Henry Mansel and said that he would not worship a being that could not be described in terms of human morality in An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy. One of his books states, \"We can never be sure that the opinion we are endeavoring to stifle is a false opinion,\" and also stated that the only purpose for power should be to prevent harm to others. Inspired by August Comte (KAHMT), this writer tried to establish a Religion of Humanity through the posthumously published essays \"Nature\", the \"Utility of Religion\", and \"Theism\". This writer also supported gender equality in The Subjection of Women, and another work by this writer refined Jeremy Bentham's greatest-happiness principle. Name this nineteenth- century writer of On Liberty and Utilitarianism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 398 ], [ 399, 579 ], [ 580, 737 ], [ 738, 777 ], [ 778, 808 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Alan (Mathison) Turing", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker developed the process of banburismus, which incorporated a frequency estimation named for him and I. J. Good.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alan_Turing", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c6ab", "qanta_id": 87623, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker developed the process of banburismus, which incorporated a frequency estimation named for him and I. J. Good. Late in life, he hypothesized that stationary waves influenced phyllotaxis in his paper \"The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis\". He is the second namesake of the claim that any effectively calculable function can be computed by a certain object named for this computer scientist; he names that \"thesis\" along with Alonzo Church. This computer scientist worked with Dilly Knox and Gordon Welchman at Bletchley Park during World War II to break the Enigma cipher, and his namesake machines manipulate symbols on an infinite tape. Identify this namesake of the Imitation Game in which interrogators try to figure out whether their questions are being answered by another person or an intelligent machine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 249 ], [ 250, 451 ], [ 451, 649 ], [ 650, 823 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "August Strindberg", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one play by this writer, Laura convinces everybody that the Captain is losing his mind so that she can gain custody of their daughter Bertha.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "August_Strindberg", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c6ce", "qanta_id": 87658, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one play by this writer, Laura convinces everybody that the Captain is losing his mind so that she can gain custody of their daughter Bertha. In another play by this writer, Adolph becomes convinced that his ailments are caused by his wife when he talks to a man who turns out to be his wife's ex- husband Gustav. In addition to The Father and Creditors, he wrote a play involving a valet named Jean (zhahn) who is engaged to Christine. When Jean starts an affair with the title character on Midsummer's Eve, Christine seeks revenge by beheading Serena, the title character's canary. Name this Swedish playwright who wrote Miss Julie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 316 ], [ 317, 439 ], [ 440, 586 ], [ 587, 637 ] ], "tournament": "New Trier Scobol Solo", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Heat Capacity} or {Thermal Capacity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This quantity can be used to estimate one source of the Seebeck effect, phonon-electron drag.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heat_capacity", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c6ff", "qanta_id": 87707, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity can be used to estimate one source of the Seebeck effect, phonon-electron drag. Debye modelled this quantity by considering a lattice populated by quantised vibrations, allowing the derivation of this quantity's T-cubed dependence at low temperatures. The Dulong-Petit law holds that this quantity approaches three times the molar gas constant for a mole of any solid substance. For 10 points, name this quantity of energy required to change the temperature of a body by a given amount.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 265 ], [ 266, 392 ], [ 393, 500 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{Polymer}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "When in solutions of these substances, colloid particles can be pushed together by an osmotic imbalance known as the depletion interaction, and in low concentrations these substances can cause bridging flocculation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymer", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c70e", "qanta_id": 87722, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When in solutions of these substances, colloid particles can be pushed together by an osmotic imbalance known as the depletion interaction, and in low concentrations these substances can cause bridging flocculation. When in a theta solvent, these substances follow a random flight model. More generally, their interactions in solution are modeled by Flory-Huggins theory. These substances can be synthesized with the help of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. For 10 points, name these large molecules such as Kevlar and nylon which are made up of many repeating monomers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 215 ], [ 216, 287 ], [ 288, 371 ], [ 372, 449 ], [ 450, 562 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{Clarinet}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Stravinsky's Elegy for J.F.K. features three of these instruments accompanying a baritone or mezzo-soprano.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Clarinet", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c72b", "qanta_id": 87751, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Stravinsky's Elegy for J.F.K. features three of these instruments accompanying a baritone or mezzo-soprano. This instrument appears solo in John Adams's Gnarly Buttons, and Franz Schubert's Lied The Shepherd on the Rock features a soprano and this instrument alongside a piano. Weber wrote two concertos, in F minor and E-flat major, as well as a concertino for this instrument, which also plays the famous opening glissando in Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue. Mozart's Concerto for this instrument is in A major. For ten points, Anton Stadler, Acker Bilk, and Benny Goodman are all best known for playing which single-reed woodwind instrument?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 277 ], [ 278, 456 ], [ 457, 509 ], [ 510, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{Glacier}s (accept {Ice Streams}; do not accept \u201cIce Sheets\u201d)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "These objects are often underlain by R\u00f6thlisberger or Nye channels.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glacier", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c74c", "qanta_id": 87784, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "These objects are often underlain by R\u00f6thlisberger or Nye channels. In one form, their movement is almost entirely controlled by Glen's Flow Law. Warm ones can also move by enhanced creep, ploughing, and regelation, and both types can experience hydraulic jacking. Many of these objects experience quasi-regular surge cycles, where their movement speed can increase a thousand-fold. These objects create a range of characteristic landforms, including kames, eskers and drumlins. For 10 points, name this class of objects found in mountainous and polar regions around the world, made entirely of ice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 145 ], [ 146, 264 ], [ 265, 382 ], [ 383, 478 ], [ 479, 599 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{T}heodore \u201cTeddy\u201d {Roosevelt} [prompt on \u201cRoosevelt\u201d]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man, who wrote a paper titled \"The Natural History of Insects\" at age nine, popularized the term \"nature faker\" to describe somebody who anthropomorphizes animals.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theodore_Roosevelt", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c75f", "qanta_id": 87803, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man, who wrote a paper titled \"The Natural History of Insects\" at age nine, popularized the term \"nature faker\" to describe somebody who anthropomorphizes animals. He contrasted \"ignoble ease\" with \"the strenuous life\" in a speech promoting sports. After losing money ranching in North Dakota, he wrote Winning the West. This author of The Naval War of 1812 described his foreign policy as \"speak softly and carry a big stick.\" For 10 points, name this Republican president who fought with the Roughriders in the Spanish-American War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 253 ], [ 254, 325 ], [ 326, 432 ], [ 433, 539 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{Justinian} the Great [or {Justinian} I; or Flavius {Justinian}us]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This leader changed his name from Sabbatius to honor his aging uncle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Justinian_I", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c763", "qanta_id": 87807, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This leader changed his name from Sabbatius to honor his aging uncle. He signed the Eternal Peace with Persia, which lasted nine years until Khosrau invaded his empire. This leader trusted in the eunuch Narses to subdue the army of King Totila as well as to put down the Nika riots begun by various chariot factions. Collecting as a digest much of Roman law in a namesake Codex, this emperor conquered Ostrogoth and Vandal kingdoms with his general Belisarius. For 10 points, name this man who built Hagia Sophia as the Byzantine emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 168 ], [ 169, 316 ], [ 317, 460 ], [ 461, 538 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "John {Donne}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one poem this poet claimed that \"all joys are due to thee\" of \"full nakedness.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Donne", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c76e", "qanta_id": 87818, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem this poet claimed that \"all joys are due to thee\" of \"full nakedness.\" In another work he stated that \"though some have called thee / Mighty and dreadful\" the title concept \"shalt die.\" In addition to the elegy \"To His Mistress Going to Bed\" this man wrote of \"a love so much refined, / That ourselves know not what it is.\" This poet of the Holy Sonnets and \"A Valediction Forbidding Mourning\" lamented \"how little that which thou deniest me is\" in his best-known poem. For 10 points, name this poet of \"The Flea\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 197 ], [ 198, 335 ], [ 336, 481 ], [ 482, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{moment of inertia}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This quantity is multiplied by Young's modulus to define stiffness in the Euler\u2013Bernoulli beam equation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moment_of_inertia", "proto_id": "5476da9eea23cca90551c778", "qanta_id": 87828, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity is multiplied by Young's modulus to define stiffness in the Euler\u2013Bernoulli beam equation. For a solid sphere, this quantity is two fifths of the radius squared times mass, and this quantity can be found using Steiner's parallel axis theorem. Multiplying this quantity by angular velocity gives angular momentum, and an analogue of Newton's second law sets torque as this quantity times angular acceleration. For 10 points, name this rotational analogue of mass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 256 ], [ 257, 422 ], [ 423, 476 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Willa (Sibert) {Cather}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, the story of Fray Baltazar is recalled by a priest whose only possession is an ancient, wooden parrot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willa_Cather", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c781", "qanta_id": 87837, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one novel by this author, the story of Fray Baltazar is recalled by a priest whose only possession is an ancient, wooden parrot. A Jean-Georges Vibert painting inspired this author's description of Bishop Ferrand assigning a priest a new diocese. In another novel, Pavel recalls throwing a couple out of their wedding carriage to a pack of wolves. That novel's narrator fantasises about kissing Lena Lingard in a Nebraskan cornfield, and the married Antonia Shimerda is visited by her childhood friend Jim Burden. For 10 points, name this author of Death Comes for the Archbishop and My \u00c1ntonia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 249 ], [ 250, 350 ], [ 351, 516 ], [ 517, 598 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "{Determinant}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The Slater variety of this entity describes a system of fermions which is antisymmetric under they exchange of identical fermions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Determinant", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c794", "qanta_id": 87856, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Slater variety of this entity describes a system of fermions which is antisymmetric under they exchange of identical fermions. A value of zero for the Wronskian type of this entity implies linear dependence for a set of analytic functions, and the Jacobian variety is used while changing variables to perform multiple integration over a given domain. Sarrus' scheme is a method for computing these values, which are zero for singular matrices. For 10 points, name this mathematical object, which, for a 2x2 matrix, is equal to ad-bc.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 354 ], [ 355, 447 ], [ 448, 537 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The {Netherlands}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One swimmer from this country won the women's 50 and 100 metre freestyle events at the 2012 Olympics, Ranomi Kromowidjojo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Netherlands", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c79a", "qanta_id": 87862, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One swimmer from this country won the women's 50 and 100 metre freestyle events at the 2012 Olympics, Ranomi Kromowidjojo. A gymnast from this country performed a Cassina-Kovacs-Kolman combination to win this country's first gymnastics Olympic gold medal. One sportsman from this country beat MaliVai Washington in 1996 to end Peter Sampras' three-year winning streak at Wimbledon. Two of the people who have won the Ballon D'Or three times are from this country. For 10 points, name this home country of Epke Zonderland, Richard Krajicek, and Johan Cruyuff.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 255 ], [ 256, 381 ], [ 382, 463 ], [ 464, 558 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Johannes {Brahms}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This composer's first piano trio is in B major and opens with solo piano playing the first subject on top of a rippling quaver accompaniment.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Brahms", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c79e", "qanta_id": 87866, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's first piano trio is in B major and opens with solo piano playing the first subject on top of a rippling quaver accompaniment. One overture by this composer features a student drinking song introduced by the bassoons, while this composer's Double Concerto for Violin and Cello was not appreciated by his mistress, the wife of another composer. This composer is known for a set of 21 tunes originally written for piano for four-hands. For ten points, name this German composer of the Academic Festival Overture and the Hungarian Dances.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 358 ], [ 359, 448 ], [ 449, 550 ] ], "tournament": "Oxford Open", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Octavio {Paz}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's poems, the speaker meets the \"wind of the hundred days\" while spending a half-hour in the cupola of the Ladies' Garden.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Octavio_Paz", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c7e0", "qanta_id": 87932, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's poems, the speaker meets the \"wind of the hundred days\" while spending a half-hour in the cupola of the Ladies' Garden. He concludes that \"the afternoon has become invisible\" in a poem which notes that Nirvana is Samsara, but Samsara is not Nirvana. \"Happiness in Herat\" and \"On reading John Cage\" appeared in East Slope, while he wrote about \"words that are flowers that are fruits that are acts\" at the end of the \"Hymn among the Ruins\" which appears in The Violent Season. He used an epigraph from G\u00e9rard de Nerval's \"Arth\u00e9mis\" at the beginning of a poem about living in Madrid in 1937, while he cited Mallarm\u00e9 and the Havajra Tantra at the beginning of \"Blanco.\" FTP, name this author of Sun Stone, A Draft of Shadows, and The Labyrinth of Solitude, who is considered the greatest Mexican poet of the 20th century.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 275 ], [ 275, 499 ], [ 500, 690 ], [ 691, 842 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago John Stuart Mill", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{capacitor}s or {condenser}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of these devices was suspended from a torsion fiber in an attempt to measure the effects of motion through the ether in an experiment conducted by Trouton and Noble.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Capacitor", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c813", "qanta_id": 87983, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these devices was suspended from a torsion fiber in an attempt to measure the effects of motion through the ether in an experiment conducted by Trouton and Noble. Hartley oscillators use one of these devices for tuning, while a Colpitt oscillator uses two of these devices to split the voltage. The first recorded example, which utilized a bottle filled with water, was invented by von Kleist in 1745; today, these components are used to store bits of data in DRAM. In these devices, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees, and the reactance goes as one over the frequency. The displacement current is needed to explain the charging of, FTP, what circuit elements whose namesake property is measured in farads?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 301 ], [ 302, 472 ], [ 473, 585 ], [ 586, 722 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago John Stuart Mill", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Patterns of Culture}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This work's epigraph is a Digger proverb which says that God gave every people a cup of clay from which they drank their life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ruth_Benedict", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c816", "qanta_id": 87986, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This work's epigraph is a Digger proverb which says that God gave every people a cup of clay from which they drank their life. The author credits Reo Fortune's study The Sorcerers of Dobu with supplying information about one of the three peoples this book considers. The third chapter considers the concepts of Faustian and Apollonian man from Spengler's Decline of the West in the course of discussing \"The Integration of Culture,\" while the book notes that we confuse local custom with \"human nature\" in the opening chapter, which also notes \"our blindness to other cultures.\" Also considering the Kwakiutl and the Zuni peoples, FTP, name this 1934 anthropological work by Ruth Benedict.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 266 ], [ 267, 578 ], [ 579, 689 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago John Stuart Mill", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Maurya}n Empire or dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This empire's second ruler was known as Amitrochates to the Greeks.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurya_Empire", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c836", "qanta_id": 88018, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This empire's second ruler was known as Amitrochates to the Greeks. Its founder was advised by the author of a manual discussing government as \"the science of punishment\" and advocating the establishment of spy networks. Its namesake polish can be seen on many sandstone sculptures, including the lion capital at Sarnath. It fell apart with the rise to power of the Sunga dynasty about 500 years after supplanting the Nanda dynasty of Maghada. Following the death of the second ruler, Bindusara, the third ruler conquered Kalinga before converting to Buddhism and ordering the carving of the Rock Edicts. FTP name this Indian empire whose third ruler was Ashoka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 68, 220 ], [ 221, 321 ], [ 322, 443 ], [ 444, 604 ], [ 605, 662 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago John Stuart Mill", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "John {Milton}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of his sonnets, this man alluded to the \"hinds that were transformed to frogs\" which \"railed at Latona's twin-born progeny\" and complained of being surrounded by a \"barbarous noise\" of \"owls and cuckoos, asses, apes, and dogs.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Milton", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c837", "qanta_id": 88019, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his sonnets, this man alluded to the \"hinds that were transformed to frogs\" which \"railed at Latona's twin-born progeny\" and complained of being surrounded by a \"barbarous noise\" of \"owls and cuckoos, asses, apes, and dogs.\" In another sonnet, he invited Cyriack Skinner to join him in spending a day without studying Euclid and Archimedes, while a sonnet written after the death of his second wife called her his \"late espous\u00e8d saint\" whom he thought he saw in a dream. Other sonnets by this poet commemorate a massacre in Piedmont and reflect on how his light is spent. FTP, name this English poet who also wrote Comus and \"Lycidas.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 234 ], [ 235, 480 ], [ 481, 581 ], [ 582, 645 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago John Stuart Mill", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "William Carlos {Williams}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man wrote about Maura's trip to New York to see Ethel for the first time in 20 years in the title story of his collection The Knife of the Times.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Carlos_Williams", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c857", "qanta_id": 88051, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man wrote about Maura's trip to New York to see Ethel for the first time in 20 years in the title story of his collection The Knife of the Times. A stocky Finnish girl named Elsa visits the zoo in the final story of his Beer and Cold Cuts, while \"The Girl with a Pimply Face\" and \"The Dawn of Another Day\" appear in another collection of his stories. He wrote about Margaret and Helen in his long story \"The Farmers' Daughters,\" though he is better known for poems collected in volumes like The Desert Music and Pictures from Brueghel. FTP, name this American author of Spring and All and Paterson, who once wrote that so much depends upon a red wheelbarrow.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 355 ], [ 356, 540 ], [ 541, 663 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago John Stuart Mill", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Union of {Myanmar} or {Burma } or Pyidaungzu {Myanma} Naingngandaw", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Rulers in this country's history include one nicknamed Kalagya, whose death resulted in a nine-year interregnum ended by the accession of Narapatisithu, and Tabinshwehti, who founded a dynasty centered at Toungoo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Myanmar", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c861", "qanta_id": 88061, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Rulers in this country's history include one nicknamed Kalagya, whose death resulted in a nine-year interregnum ended by the accession of Narapatisithu, and Tabinshwehti, who founded a dynasty centered at Toungoo. Anawrhatra defeated the Mon city of Thaton in 1057, establishing the supremacy of the Pagan kingdom in this country. In the 18th century, Alaungpaya of the Konbaung dynasty conquered Pegu and founded a city whose name means \"the end of strife\" on the east bank of the Hlaing River. After a series of wars with the British, this country was made a province of India with capital at Rangoon. FTP identify this country whose more recent citizens include Aung San and U Thant.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 214, 330 ], [ 331, 495 ], [ 496, 603 ], [ 604, 686 ] ], "tournament": "Chicago John Stuart Mill", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Burrhus Frederic {Skinner} [MB]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker identified the autoclitic, tact, and mand verbal operants and distinguished between the echoic and textual types of a certain phenomenon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "B._F._Skinner", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8aa", "qanta_id": 88134, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This thinker identified the autoclitic, tact, and mand verbal operants and distinguished between the echoic and textual types of a certain phenomenon. This dissenter of the \"autonomous man\" wrote about a community in which six people make up the Board of Planners and Augustine Castle leaves T.E. Frazer. He invented the (*) infant focused air-crib and developed the \"radical\" type of a philosophy, observed in his experiment in which rats pushed a level to acquire pellets. For 10 points, name this author of Walden Two and Beyond Freedom and Dignity, a behaviorist and pioneer of operant conditioning who introduced a namesake \"box.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 304 ], [ 305, 474 ], [ 475, 635 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Grant {Wood} [MB]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted a slave that wears a pink dress while storm clouds gather in his portrayal of a young, reluctant George Washington refusing to give an axe to his father.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grant_Wood", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8ab", "qanta_id": 88135, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist depicted a slave that wears a pink dress while storm clouds gather in his portrayal of a young, reluctant George Washington refusing to give an axe to his father. A long winding road leads to a gigantic white church in his depiction of Paul Revere's Midnight Ride. This painter of (*) Parson Weems' Fable showcased Leutze's Washington Crossing the Delaware in his Daughters of the Revolution. His most iconic work includes a red barn on the right of two grim-looking people in front of it. For 10 points, name this American regionalist artist who portrayed a pitchfork and two elders in American Gothic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 276 ], [ 277, 404 ], [ 405, 501 ], [ 502, 615 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Johan August {Strindberg} [MB]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about a group that meets at the Berns Salonger in his work about a bureaucrat turned journalist named Arvind Falk. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "August_Strindberg", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8ad", "qanta_id": 88137, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author wrote about a group that meets at the Berns Salonger in his work about a bureaucrat turned journalist named Arvind Falk. He also wrote a play in which the \"Stranger,\" a recent convert, meets the \"Lady.\" This author of The Red Room and The (*) Road to Damascus also wrote a play in which the Milkmaid talks to Jacob Hummel. In his most famous play, the servant Jean gives the title character a razor so that she may commit suicide. For 10 points, name this Swedish dramatist of The Father, The Ghost Sonata, and Miss Julie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 134, 215 ], [ 216, 335 ], [ 336, 443 ], [ 444, 535 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Isabel {Allende} Llona [MB]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this author's series includes the protagonist transforming into a black jaguar to chase Sombe and Kosongo out of a Kenyan village, and has Alexander Cold go to the Amazon with his grandmother.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isabel_Allende", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8b2", "qanta_id": 88142, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this author's series includes the protagonist transforming into a black jaguar to chase Sombe and Kosongo out of a Kenyan village, and has Alexander Cold go to the Amazon with his grandmother. One of the protagonists by this author of City of Beasts is the daughter of Consuelo, lives with (*) Riad Halabi, and falls in love with Kamal. This author's most famous novel follows four generations of the Trueba family and is narrated by Alba and Esteban. Eva Luna is by, for 10 points, which Chilean author of The House of the Spirits?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 343 ], [ 344, 458 ], [ 459, 539 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Agincourt} [MB]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "According to legend, Dafydd Gam perished after saving his king's life in this battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Agincourt", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8b3", "qanta_id": 88143, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "According to legend, Dafydd Gam perished after saving his king's life in this battle. It saw Ysembart successfully ambush a baggage convoy before the leader of the opposing side ordered the execution of war prisoners. It also saw Thomas Erpingham led one side after his earlier siege of Harfleur. Its victors used wooden (*) stakes and longbows to defend themselves, yet the mud that lessened the mobility of men-at-arms proved a more significant factor in the defeat of Charles d'Albret, which preceded the signing of the Treaty of Troyes. For 10 points, name this battle fought on St. Crispin's Day, a decisive 1415 English victory for Henry V during the Hundred Years' War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 217 ], [ 218, 296 ], [ 297, 540 ], [ 541, 676 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Neptune} [MB]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Masses of this planet include the \"Courage,\" \"Fraternity,\" and \"Liberty\" ring arcs found in its Adams ring.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neptune", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8b5", "qanta_id": 88145, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Masses of this planet include the \"Courage,\" \"Fraternity,\" and \"Liberty\" ring arcs found in its Adams ring. One of its satellites, Despina, lies inside the Le Verrier Ring. This planet's orbital resonance cannot control entities called cubewanos, and this body is also the reference planet for the (*) Kuiper Belt. Having very strong winds in the region of its Great Dark Spot, one of its satellites has a multitude of ice volcanoes and is called Triton. For 10 points, identify this gas giant whose methane gives it a blue color, a planet whose orbit intersects that of Pluto.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 172 ], [ 173, 314 ], [ 315, 454 ], [ 455, 577 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The Ingenious Gentleman {Don Quixote} of La Mancha [or El ingenioso hidalgo {don Quijote} de la Mancha]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One episode in this novel sees Anselmo request that Lothario tests his wife's fidelity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8cd", "qanta_id": 88169, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One episode in this novel sees Anselmo request that Lothario tests his wife's fidelity. The protagonist of this work encounters several working slaves and asks each one to tell his story and frequently mentions magical (*) helmet of Mambrino. In other episodes of this novel, the protagonist turns sick after consuming a magical balsam and is defeated by the Knight of the White Moon, Samsan Carrasco. Sancho Panza travels with the Rocinante-riding protagonist in his quest to please Dulcinea in, for 10 points, which novel about a man from La Mancha written by Miguel de Cervantes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 242 ], [ 243, 401 ], [ 402, 582 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Things Fall Apart}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel tells of a settlement called Abame that will be razed to the ground by people riding iron horses.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Things_Fall_Apart", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8d2", "qanta_id": 88174, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel tells of a settlement called Abame that will be razed to the ground by people riding iron horses. In another scene, Enoch unmasks another character. The protagonist of this novel raises his status in society by defeating a renowned wrestler and, after learning about locusts that will come and go every 7 years, shivers at the thought of the (*) Evil Forest. Ezeudu refuses to share a meal of yams with the main character, the father of Nwoye. The Oracle in the village calls for the death of Ikemefuna. This novel ends when the protagonist, a member of Umofia clan, kills himself. For 10 points, name this work about Okonkwo written by Chinua Achebe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 159 ], [ 160, 369 ], [ 370, 454 ], [ 455, 514 ], [ 515, 592 ], [ 593, 662 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Stephen {Crane}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his stories, a coachman named Henry Johnson takes care of Jimmie and the rest of the Trescott family after they were shunned by the community.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stephen_Crane", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8da", "qanta_id": 88182, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his stories, a coachman named Henry Johnson takes care of Jimmie and the rest of the Trescott family after they were shunned by the community. In another of his works, Scratchy Wilson decides not to confront Jack Potter after seeing him with his wife. This author of \"The Monster\" and \"The (*) Bride Comes to Yellow Sky\" also wrote about the oiler and a captain who try and save the title vessel in \"The Open Boat.\" His most famous protagonist meets the \"Tattered Man\" and Jim Conklin. For 10 points, name this author who chronicled the experiences of the Civil War soldier Henry Fleming in The Red Badge of Courage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 261 ], [ 262, 425 ], [ 426, 495 ], [ 496, 626 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{black hole}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A generalization of the coordinates used to describe the metric of one type of these entities is named for Boyer and Lindquist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8dc", "qanta_id": 88184, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A generalization of the coordinates used to describe the metric of one type of these entities is named for Boyer and Lindquist. The Lens-Thirring Effect creates frame-dragging around spinning types of these entities. The Reissner- Nordstrom solution satisfies Einstein's field equations for one of these objects with non-zero charge, which along with angular momentum and (*) mass are their only properties according to the no-hair theorem. The greatest mass a neutron star can have before becoming one is the TOV limit. They emit Hawking radiation and exhibit gravitational singularities under their event horizons. For 10 points, name these massive regions in space from which nothing can escape.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 216 ], [ 217, 440 ], [ 441, 520 ], [ 521, 616 ], [ 617, 698 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Battle of {Bosworth Field} [prompt on {Wars of the Roses} until the first mention of \u201cbattle\u201d]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At the Battle of Stoke, a small group of loyalists tried to overtake the side who had won this battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Bosworth_Field", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8ee", "qanta_id": 88202, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At the Battle of Stoke, a small group of loyalists tried to overtake the side who had won this battle. The leader of one faction during this battle had taken the throne two years earlier after the execution of his nephew and the declaration of his brother's marriage illegal. That leader made a charge toward (*) Ambion Hill where his forces clashed with a much smaller faction which was supported by Lord Stanley. The death of Richard III spelled the end for the ruling house in, for 10 points, what 1485 battle, the penultimate of the War of the Roses which featured the rise of Henry Tudor as King of England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 275 ], [ 276, 414 ], [ 415, 612 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Stoic}ism", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Of Constancy was written in 1584 by an attempted reviver of this philosophy, the memorial of which now houses the EU headquarters in Brussels.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Stoicism", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c8f0", "qanta_id": 88204, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Of Constancy was written in 1584 by an attempted reviver of this philosophy, the memorial of which now houses the EU headquarters in Brussels. Its concept of \"pneuma\" pervaded the writings of its followers as \"the vehicle of logos in structuring the world\". Its followers Cleanthes and (*) Epictetus regarded life as deterministic while this philosophy was founded by Zeno of Citium. For 10 points, name this philosophy which teaches self-control, fortitude, and separation from emotion which was practiced by Chrysippus and Marcus Aurelius.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 257 ], [ 258, 285 ], [ 286, 289 ], [ 290, 383 ], [ 384, 541 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{Bah\u00e1'\u00ed }Faith [MB]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The founder of this faith wrote the Lawh-i-Burhan after two of his followers, whose names mean \"twin shining lights,\" were executed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c90d", "qanta_id": 88233, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The founder of this faith wrote the Lawh-i-Burhan after two of his followers, whose names mean \"twin shining lights,\" were executed. That founder also wrote the Seven Valleys and set Ala as the beginning of this faith's (*) nineteen day fast. Its other aspects include a nine-pointed star and its belief in unity of all faiths according to the Book of Certitude. It has a central location in Haifa, Israel and was preached by the Bab. For 10 points, name this Persian religion founded by Baha'ullah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 242 ], [ 243, 362 ], [ 363, 434 ], [ 435, 499 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jacques-Louis {David} [pronounced da-VEED] [MB]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The background of one of painter's works includes a fortress and shows a mother wearing a white headdress trying to save her baby.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jacques-Louis_David", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c91b", "qanta_id": 88247, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The background of one of painter's works includes a fortress and shows a mother wearing a white headdress trying to save her baby. In that work, Romulus watches as men fight amidst females attempting to stop them. This painter of The Intervention of the Sabine Women depicted men walking up stairs in the background of a work in which an ancient (*) philosopher accepts a cup of hemlock. A woman cries on the right side of a painting showcasing triplets raising their swords in his The Oath of the Horatii. For 10 points, name this French Neoclassicist painter of The Death of Socrates who showed a dead revolutionary in his tub in The Death of Marat.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 213 ], [ 214, 387 ], [ 388, 506 ], [ 507, 651 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Johann Wolfgang von {Goethe} [pronounced GUR-tah] [MB]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his novels, he compares double displacement reactions to human life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c920", "qanta_id": 88252, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his novels, he compares double displacement reactions to human life. In that work, Eduard and Charlotte invite Ottilie to their house as an experiment. This author of Elective Affinities chronicled a man's (*) journeyman and apprenticeship and wrote about a man that falls for a woman engaged to Albert and eventually shoots himself over grief. This author also wrote about Wilhelm Meister and a man who makes a deal with Mephistopheles. For 10 points, name this German author of The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 161 ], [ 162, 354 ], [ 355, 447 ], [ 448, 529 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes } [MB]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "To explain \"irreducible uncertainty,\" this thinker used an example of an umbrella to avoid rain in his work advocating a \"logical-relationist\" theory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c922", "qanta_id": 88254, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "To explain \"irreducible uncertainty,\" this thinker used an example of an umbrella to avoid rain in his work advocating a \"logical-relationist\" theory. He is the namesake of a concept that appears on the graph showing the equilibrium between expenditures and (*) GDP, his namesake \"cross.\" He wrote that the Treaty of Versailles would cause starvation in his The Economic Consequences of the Peace, while in a different work, he proposed deficit spending. For 10 points, name this British economist who wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 288 ], [ 289, 454 ], [ 455, 562 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Oliver {Cromwell} [MB]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure defeated David Leslie at Doon Hill during the Battle of Dunbar and survived an assassination attempt by Edward Sexby.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oliver_Cromwell", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c92e", "qanta_id": 88266, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This figure defeated David Leslie at Doon Hill during the Battle of Dunbar and survived an assassination attempt by Edward Sexby. He silenced mutinies brought upon by John Lilburne's Levellers. One of his allies took prisoners to houses called Heaven and Hell during (*) Pride's Purge to replace the Long Parliament with the Rump Parliament. He won the Battle of Marston Moor and fought alongside Sir Thomas Fairfax in the Battle of Naseby. This figure ruled during the Interregnum and led the New Model Army after the assassination of Charles I. For 10 points, name this Roundhead who was the first Lord Protector of England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 193 ], [ 194, 266 ], [ 267, 341 ], [ 342, 440 ], [ 441, 546 ], [ 547, 626 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{The Republic} [or {Politeia}] [MB]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This text uses an example of a Ship of state to demonstrate that society is always too occupied to come to a consensus over which solutions would be the best ones.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Republic_(Plato)", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c934", "qanta_id": 88272, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This text uses an example of a Ship of state to demonstrate that society is always too occupied to come to a consensus over which solutions would be the best ones. This work also introduces the Noble lie and discusses morality by using the anecdote of the (*) Ring of Gyges. Another of its ideas is the four levels of existence on the divided line, and another chapter of this work uses chained prisoners to represent its author's Theory of Forms by using the Allegory of the Cave. Asserting that society must be ruled by a philosopher king, this is, for 10 points, which Platonic dialogue?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 274 ], [ 275, 481 ], [ 482, 590 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Victor-Marie {Hugo} [MB]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his novels, a child meets Gwynplaine, a boy whose facial features have been rearranged to resemble a clown.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Victor_Hugo", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c943", "qanta_id": 88287, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his novels, a child meets Gwynplaine, a boy whose facial features have been rearranged to resemble a clown. Another of his novels centers on Gillait playing bagpipes for Deruchette and fighting a giant octopus. This author of The Man Who Laughs and Toilers of the Sea also wrote about (*) Enjolras and Marius in his work about Javert and his quest to catch a convict that helps Fantine and Cosette. Another work by him sees the gypsy Esmeralda saved from execution by the deformed Quasimodo. For 10 points, name this creator of Jean Valjean who wrote Les Miserables and The Hunchback of Notre Dame.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 220 ], [ 221, 408 ], [ 409, 501 ], [ 502, 608 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Joseph Mallord William {Turner} [MB]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A river separates civilians from a tree in this artist's depiction of rubble waiting to be used to build a town.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "J._M._W._Turner", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c956", "qanta_id": 88306, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A river separates civilians from a tree in this artist's depiction of rubble waiting to be used to build a town. In another of his paintings, soldiers continue to fight even as a giant snowstorm engulfs an orange sun. This painter of (*) Dido Building Carthage and Hannibal Crossing the Alps showed a splash of red and orange as sailors navigate treacherous waters. Another work by this artist of The Slave Ship is subtitled The Great Western Railway and shows a train crossing a river. A sun sets as a ship is \"tugged to her last berth\" in his most famous work. For 10 points, name this English painter of Rain, Steam, and Speed and The Fighting Temaraire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 217 ], [ 218, 237 ], [ 238, 282 ], [ 283, 365 ], [ 366, 486 ], [ 487, 562 ], [ 563, 657 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{alkene} [accept {olefin} before mentioned; do not accept \u201calkane\u201d or \u201calkyne\u201d; if need be, ask the player to spell it] [MB]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Zaitsev's rule holds that if elimination reactions can form various examples of these substances, then the more stable one is the major product.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkene", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c96c", "qanta_id": 88328, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Zaitsev's rule holds that if elimination reactions can form various examples of these substances, then the more stable one is the major product. Their hydrohalogenation is expressed in Markovnikov's rule. \"E\" and \"Z\" denote two (*) isomers that they possess, while ketones and aldehydes can be used to form these substances in Wittig reactions. Unlike a similar substance, they are not saturated and can be referred to as olefins. With general formula CnH2n, name, for 10 points, these substances that have carbon-carbon double bonds and include butene and ethylene.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 204 ], [ 205, 344 ], [ 345, 430 ], [ 431, 566 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "{neutrino} [MB]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One characteristic of these particles is their antiparallel spin to momentum, giving them the label of being \"left-handed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutrino", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c974", "qanta_id": 88336, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One characteristic of these particles is their antiparallel spin to momentum, giving them the label of being \"left-handed.\" Gravity is the only force that the \"sterile\" types of these particles interact with. Bruno Pontecorvo theorized that their flavors can change as part of their namesake (*) \"oscillation.\" Detected at the Super-Kamiokande observatory, they were recently observed to go faster than the speed of light. For 10 points, name these subatomic particles that come in electron, tau, and muon varieties, whose name implies a small neutron.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 122, 208 ], [ 209, 310 ], [ 311, 422 ], [ 423, 552 ] ], "tournament": "BDAT I", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pompey", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After serving in the Social war under his father Strabo he was sent to clear Sicily and Africa of opposition in the ensuing Civil War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pompey", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c982", "qanta_id": 88350, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After serving in the Social war under his father Strabo he was sent to clear Sicily and Africa of opposition in the ensuing Civil War. He then subdued more enemies of Sulla when he was sent to Spain, after which he returned to Rome and took much credit for putting down Spartacus' rebellion. After he was made consul, he was given the extraordinary command of clearing the Mediteranean of pirates, which he did sucessfully. He success would soon come to an end, however, at the hands of one of his fellow triumvirs. Losing the battle of Pharsalus, this is, FTP, what member of the first triumvirate who fought against Caesar for control of the Roman Empire?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 292 ], [ 293, 425 ], [ 426, 518 ], [ 519, 661 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Fyodor Dostoevsky", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Philosopher Walter Kauffman called one novel by this author the \u2015best overture for existentialism ever written\u2016.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fyodor_Dostoevsky", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c9aa", "qanta_id": 88389, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Philosopher Walter Kauffman called one novel by this author the \u2015best overture for existentialism ever written\u2016. One novel of his contains a famous section dealing with religious questions, sometimes read on its own, called \"The Grand Inquisitor\". That novel is split into two parts--the first a lengthy discussion of philosophical questions and the second the story of the protagonist, his job in the St. Petersburg civil service, and his relationship with the prostitute Liza-- and is titled Notes from Underground. Aloysha, Dmitri, and Ivan are the title characters of that novel, The Brothers Karamazov. The author\u2018s most famous novel charts the psychological aftereffects of a double murder committed by Raskolnikov. FTP, who is this Russian author of Crime and Punishment.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 249 ], [ 249, 520 ], [ 520, 609 ], [ 610, 723 ], [ 724, 780 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "simple harmonic motion (accept SHM)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Displacement due to it is modeled by differential equations with solutions like y double prime plus y equals zero.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Harmonic_oscillator", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c9b5", "qanta_id": 88399, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Displacement due to it is modeled by differential equations with solutions like y double prime plus y equals zero. It can be considered a one- dimensional projection of uniform circular motion, and is undergone by springs that follow Hooke\u2018s Law. FTP, name this perpetual periodic oscillation with constant amplitude.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 247 ], [ 248, 318 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The Grapes of Wrath", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One early sign of bad things to come in this novel is the death of the family dog after being run over by a motorist outside a gas station.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Grapes_of_Wrath", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c9b6", "qanta_id": 88400, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One early sign of bad things to come in this novel is the death of the family dog after being run over by a motorist outside a gas station. This contrasts with an earlier scene where a turtle was run over by a truck, but simply flipped itself over and kept on walking. That turtle is found by the protagonist shortly before he encounters a preacher who has lost faith in the Holy Spirit, and now believes in the human spirit, named Jim Casy. The family unit begins to crumble when Grandpa dies and Connie abandons Rose of Sharon to deal with her pregnancy by herself, but the family increases again when they get to California and Al gets hitched to Agnes Wainwright, a fellow Okie. This is, FTP, what John Steinbeck novel about a family of Dust Bowl migrant workers, the Joads.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 268 ], [ 269, 441 ], [ 442, 682 ], [ 683, 779 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "centaurs", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A female one named Hylonome is mentioned as committing suicide after learning of the death of her husband in battle, and a wrathful one name Pholus is mentioned as guarding the river of blood in Canto 7 of Dante's Inferno, and they were born of two clouds made in the image of Hera named Ixion and Nephele.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Centaur", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c9e7", "qanta_id": 88448, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A female one named Hylonome is mentioned as committing suicide after learning of the death of her husband in battle, and a wrathful one name Pholus is mentioned as guarding the river of blood in Canto 7 of Dante's Inferno, and they were born of two clouds made in the image of Hera named Ixion and Nephele. Their attempt to abduct Hippodamia resulted in their epic battle with the Lapiths, another Thessalian race. A poisonous cloak given by one of these named Nessus resulted in the death of Heracles, but perhaps the most famous one was the only gentle member of this race, the tutor of Asclepius, Jason, Theseus, and Achilles, who was named Chiron. FTP, name these creatures who include Ronan, Magorian, Bane, and Firenze in the Harry Potter universe, and are part man, part horse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 307 ], [ 308, 416 ], [ 417, 654 ], [ 655, 788 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Ivan the Terrible or Ivan IV", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Although he at first had successes in taking the cities of Kazan and Astrakhan, the Livonian war was less successful for him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_the_Terrible", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551c9f2", "qanta_id": 88459, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Although he at first had successes in taking the cities of Kazan and Astrakhan, the Livonian war was less successful for him. He became prince at the age of three, born into an environment that shaped his character for the worse, under the influence of the boyars. One of his predecessor's had been the first to overthrow the golden horde's grip, and this man made continued progress. Although he hade formed a new state, he was given to periodic mental outbursts, like when he murdered his son and heir Ivan. This was, FTP, what first man to be proclaimed czar of all Russia?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 265 ], [ 266, 385 ], [ 386, 511 ], [ 512, 578 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Zoroastrianism or Mazdaism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Like Christians and Jews, they are recognized as an official religious minority by the Iranian Constitution, though unlike followers of the two former religions, they are dualists rather than true monotheists.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ca0c", "qanta_id": 88485, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Like Christians and Jews, they are recognized as an official religious minority by the Iranian Constitution, though unlike followers of the two former religions, they are dualists rather than true monotheists. Though little is known about its prophet, he is traditionally considered to have lived in the Median empire between the 6th and 7th centuries B.C. This religion's ideas were incorporated, together with those of Christianity and Buddhism, into Manichaeism, and a sect called the Parsis currently reside in India. According to this religion, the six benevolent beings named the Amesha Spentas are contrasted with the evil spirits known as the Daevas. FTP, What is this Iranian religion which believes that the evil deity Angra Mainyu will eventually be defeated by the god Ahura Mazda.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 357 ], [ 358, 523 ], [ 524, 660 ], [ 661, 795 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "protons", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Grand unified theories have typically predicted the decay of these into a pion and a positron, but experiments estimate that their theoretical minimum half-life is on the order of 10 to the 36 years.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Proton", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ca10", "qanta_id": 88489, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Grand unified theories have typically predicted the decay of these into a pion and a positron, but experiments estimate that their theoretical minimum half-life is on the order of 10 to the 36 years. They were discovered when Ernest Rutherford's scintillation detectors saw their signature after he shot alpha particles into nitrogen atoms, and they can be created by beta decay. They are composed of two up and one down quark, have spin of one half, and after electron capture they transform into another baryon. FTP, name this positively-charged nucleon that determines elements\u2018 atomic number.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 380 ], [ 381, 515 ], [ 516, 599 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "After his conquest of Rhodes, he allowed the Knights Hospitallers to flee and establish a new order in Malta.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Suleiman_the_Magnificent", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ca1c", "qanta_id": 88500, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After his conquest of Rhodes, he allowed the Knights Hospitallers to flee and establish a new order in Malta. His conquests continued when he won at Mohacs, defeating Louis II of Hungary. Charles V rallied his forces and took back control of Buda, only to have this man attack in full force, where he was barely repulsed at Vienna. Probably best known for reforming the ottoman legal code and patronizing the arts, this was, FTP, what longest ruling Ottoman sultan?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 188 ], [ 189, 333 ], [ 334, 468 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "chromatography", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "There exist chiral, countercurrent, simulated moving-bed, and reversed- phase versions of this scientific technique.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chromatography", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ca1e", "qanta_id": 88502, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "There exist chiral, countercurrent, simulated moving-bed, and reversed- phase versions of this scientific technique. More common varieties include the gas type, which uses a detector, a carrier gas, and a column, the size- exclusion type in which larger molecules avoid pores in the stationary phase, and the thin-layer type, which relies on capillary action. The paper variety of this technique is often used to separate pigments, and along with the thin-layer variety, calls for the calculation of Rf values. FTP, name this technique for separating the parts of a mixture that commonly employs both stationary and mobile phases.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 360 ], [ 361, 511 ], [ 512, 632 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Antonio Vivaldi", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Early in his career, he wrote a large body of concertos for varying instruments including bassoon, oboe, recorder, and mandolin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ca4a", "qanta_id": 88545, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Early in his career, he wrote a large body of concertos for varying instruments including bassoon, oboe, recorder, and mandolin. These were written during his many years at the Ospedale della Pieta, a Venetian orphanage where he was violin master. Later he served as Maestro di Cappella in Mantua, where the countryside inspired his most famous work. FTP name this man known as the Red Priest, the composer of The Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 250 ], [ 251, 354 ], [ 355, 432 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The Scarlet Letter", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel opens with a preamble discussing the circumstances under which it was written, with the title object having been found with an old manuscript.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Scarlet_Letter", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ca73", "qanta_id": 88584, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel opens with a preamble discussing the circumstances under which it was written, with the title object having been found with an old manuscript. The protagonist's affair with the minister Dimmesdale brings disastrous consequences, and the protagonist almost loses her daughter Pearl. Her disguised husband Chillingworth helps Dimmesdale punish himself, and mother and daughter disappear after his death. FTP name this novel about Hester Prynne by Nathaniel Hawthorne.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 295 ], [ 296, 417 ], [ 418, 481 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The Arnolfini Wedding Accept The Arnolfini Marriage, The Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride/ Wife, The Arnolfini Double Portrait, and other reasonable equivalents", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A mirror in the background of this painting is surrounded by scenes of the crucifixion and notably accurate, as it depicts the backs of the two figures.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnolfini_Portrait", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ca76", "qanta_id": 88587, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A mirror in the background of this painting is surrounded by scenes of the crucifixion and notably accurate, as it depicts the backs of the two figures. There are several pieces of fruit on the windowsill, and a single candle is lit in the chandelier. A pair of sandals and a small dog are at the feet of the two figures, and the bed sheets in the background are red, adding to pregnancy rumors started by the presence of the woman's hand on her stomach. FTP name this painting by Jan van Eyck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 255 ], [ 255, 459 ], [ 460, 499 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The Metamorphosis or Die Verwandlung", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The younger sister of the main character of this novella plays the violin for three lodgers in the parlor whereupon they view the \"monstrous vermin,\" refuse to pay the rent, and leave the next day.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Metamorphosis", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ca88", "qanta_id": 88604, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The younger sister of the main character of this novella plays the violin for three lodgers in the parlor whereupon they view the \"monstrous vermin,\" refuse to pay the rent, and leave the next day. The family then locks their son, who is unable to speak, in his room where he willingly dies of starvation with an apple lodged in his back. FTP name this novella by Franz Kafka about Gregor Samsa who wakes up one morning from unsettling dreams to find himself changed into a large bug.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 343 ], [ 343, 489 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The Grapes of Wrath", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This novel begins as Tom returns home after serving a prison sentence for manslaughter, meeting a former preacher on the way.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Grapes_of_Wrath", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551caa1", "qanta_id": 88628, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This novel begins as Tom returns home after serving a prison sentence for manslaughter, meeting a former preacher on the way. After a trip west during which Tom's grandparents die, that preacher is arrested for knocking out a policeman. The preacher, Jim Casy, is later killed by police in front of Tom, who retaliates and continues organizing the migrant workers while in hiding. FTP name this novel about the Joad family by John Steinbeck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 238 ], [ 239, 384 ], [ 385, 446 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Spanish-American War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Although only 20,000 Americans died during this conflict, over 100,000 died in the ensuing Bolo War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spanish\u2013American_War", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551caad", "qanta_id": 88639, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Although only 20,000 Americans died during this conflict, over 100,000 died in the ensuing Bolo War. Origins of this war included outrage over General Weyler's creation of concentration camps and the outrage over the De L\u00f4me Letter. In the end, the Treaty of Paris ended the war, giving payments to the European belligerent but giving America Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. FTP; name this war which began in the McKinley Administration after the sinking of the USS Maine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 234 ], [ 235, 386 ], [ 387, 485 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Liver", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Blood from the Splenic vein joins the mesenteric veins before flowing into this organ.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cab2", "qanta_id": 88643, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Blood from the Splenic vein joins the mesenteric veins before flowing into this organ. This organ is one of the only internal organs that is capable of regeneration if a large part of it is removed, making it easier to transplant. In addition to being the largest gland in the human body, this organ is also the largest internal organ. For ten points, name this four-lobed organ that is responsible for releasing bile and breaking down toxic substances and is the target of the hepatitis disease.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 232 ], [ 233, 338 ], [ 339, 501 ] ], "tournament": "HAVOC", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Claude {Monet}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He had a trench dug and attached a pulley system to his canvas to adjust its elevation when he was painting Women in the Garden.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Monet", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cb03", "qanta_id": 88721, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He had a trench dug and attached a pulley system to his canvas to adjust its elevation when he was painting Women in the Garden. He liked to paint images of the same setting at different times of the day, as evidenced by his Haystacks and Rouen Cathedral series. His garden at Giverny served as the setting for his most popular set of floral paintings. For 10 points, name this founder of Impressionism and painter of Water Lilies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 262 ], [ 263, 352 ], [ 353, 431 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Athol Harold Lannigan {Fugard}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He went through a period as a playwright and director where he disavowed the use of scripts, giving actors only what he called, \"a mandate to work around a cluster of images.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athol_Fugard", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cb20", "qanta_id": 88749, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He went through a period as a playwright and director where he disavowed the use of scripts, giving actors only what he called, \"a mandate to work around a cluster of images.\" His hometown, Port Elizabeth, plays a prominent role in his plays Blood Knot, Hello and Goodbye and Boesman and Lena. For 10 points, name this South African author of Sizwe Banzi Is Dead, The Island, and Master Harold and the Boys.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 293 ], [ 294, 354 ], [ 355, 407 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Ambrose {Bierce}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A topographical officer for General William Hazen, he was wounded at Kenesaw Mountain with a bullet that lodged behind his left ear.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ambrose_Bierce", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cb2d", "qanta_id": 88762, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A topographical officer for General William Hazen, he was wounded at Kenesaw Mountain with a bullet that lodged behind his left ear. His experiences in the Civil War inspired stories such as \"The Haunted Valley,\" and the collections. Cobwebs from an Empty Skull. For 10 points, name this San Francisco Examiner writer who used his all-targeting wit to write The Prattler and The Devil's Dictionary.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 233 ], [ 234, 262 ], [ 263, 398 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Daniel {Defoe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He participated in the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion and defended William III of Orange in his work", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Daniel_Defoe", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cb6e", "qanta_id": 88827, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He participated in the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion and defended William III of Orange in his work The True-Born Englishman. After promising to work as a Tory pamphleteer for Robert Harley, he was released from prison, where he had been placed as punishment for his work The Shortest Way with Dissenters. However, he may be best known for two novels: one about a girl in Newgate prison, and another based on the adventures of Alexander Selkirk. For 10 points, name this author of Moll Flanders", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 124 ], [ 125, 304 ], [ 305, 444 ], [ 445, 493 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "John Maynard {Keynes}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He outlined his policy opinions in Essays on Persuasion and was an outspoken opponent of the Chancellor of the Exchequer's attempts to return his nation to the gold standard.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cb9e", "qanta_id": 88874, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He outlined his policy opinions in Essays on Persuasion and was an outspoken opponent of the Chancellor of the Exchequer's attempts to return his nation to the gold standard. He attacked the Treaty of Versailles in The Economic Consequences of the Peace and advocated that the U.S. increase government spending to get out of the Great Depression. For 10 points, name this opponent of classical economics and founder of a namesake economic school, the author of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 346 ], [ 347, 513 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Albrecht {Durer}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Apprenticed to Michael Wolgemut, his later works include a painting of the Madonna and Child and an engraving entitled The Great Cardinal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albrecht_D\u00fcrer", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cbba", "qanta_id": 88902, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Apprenticed to Michael Wolgemut, his later works include a painting of the Madonna and Child and an engraving entitled The Great Cardinal. He claimed that \"the perfection of form and beauty is contained in the sum of all men\" in his Four Books on Human Proportion. His paintings include Christ Disputing with the Doctors and his engravings include The Knight and Death and Melancolia. For 10 points, name this German artist of the Passion and Apocalypse series of woodcuts.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 264 ], [ 265, 384 ], [ 385, 473 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Shinto}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of its key rituals is misogi, ritual ablution near shrines.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shinto", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cbe5", "qanta_id": 88945, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of its key rituals is misogi, ritual ablution near shrines. The creative force of musuhi and the sincerity called makoto are also key concepts. This religion includes the Four Affirmations: Tradition and the family, love of nature, physical cleanliness, and worship of ancestral spirits and gods. For 10 points, name this religion that venerates the kami, the indigenous faith of Japan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 147 ], [ 148, 300 ], [ 301, 390 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Aida}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Its final act sees the high priests try the lover of the title character for treason and sentence him to death in the temple of Vulcan, but not before the title character's rival,", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aida", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cbf6", "qanta_id": 88962, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its final act sees the high priests try the lover of the title character for treason and sentence him to death in the temple of Vulcan, but not before the title character's rival, Amneris, makes a manipulative marriage proposal that is rejected by Radames. This opera was commissioned by Ishmael Pacha, who intended for it to open on the same day as the Suez Canal. For 10 points, name this Giuseppe Verdi opera about an Ethopian princess who is buried alive.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 256 ], [ 257, 365 ], [ 366, 459 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Joseph Mallard William {Turner}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "When he died, he bequeathed a large sum of money to the support of \"decaying artists.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "J._M._W._Turner", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cc0e", "qanta_id": 88986, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When he died, he bequeathed a large sum of money to the support of \"decaying artists.\" He was only fifteen when the Royal Academy exhibited one of his watercolors; later they showed his first oil painting, Fishermen at Sea. His classically inspired paintings include Dido Building Carthage and Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus, though he is also known for stormy scenes like The Evening of the Deluge. For 10 points, name this English painter of The Slave Ship and Rain, Steam, and Speed.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 85, 223 ], [ 224, 396 ], [ 397, 483 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{moment of inertia} (prompt on \u201cinertia\u201d until \u201cangular\u201d)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Assuming an electron's charge is distributed over its surface, this value will be two-thirds pi times the electron's charge, times the electron's radius squared, divided by the period of the electron's spin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moment_of_inertia", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cc25", "qanta_id": 89009, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Assuming an electron's charge is distributed over its surface, this value will be two-thirds pi times the electron's charge, times the electron's radius squared, divided by the period of the electron's spin. Steiner's theorem and the plane-figure theorem relate this concept relative to other axes passing through the center of mass. Its value for a solid cylinder is half that of a cylindrical shell with the same mass and radius. For 10 points, name this physical property of an object's resistance to angular acceleration, the rotational analog of mass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 208, 333 ], [ 334, 431 ], [ 432, 556 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{supernova}s [or {supernova}e]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A speculated third type of these is caused by carbon detonation and leaves no remnant, and the energies they release are often measured in the unit foe.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Supernova", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cc28", "qanta_id": 89012, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A speculated third type of these is caused by carbon detonation and leaves no remnant, and the energies they release are often measured in the unit foe. The emission of nickel-56 is characteristic of the first type of these, which are probably caused by dwarves that have acquired mass in excess of the Chandrasekhar limit. The core of the most common type of these, type II, is comprised of iron-56 because that nuclide has the highest binding energy per nucleon, and thus is the terminus of stellar nucelosynthesis. For 10 points, identify these violent explosions of massive stars.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 323 ], [ 324, 517 ], [ 518, 584 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Saint {Augustine} of Hippo", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher was born in Thagaste, in modern day Algeria.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Augustine_of_Hippo", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cc35", "qanta_id": 89025, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This philosopher was born in Thagaste, in modern day Algeria. In his teens, he went to Carthage to be trained in rhetoric, after which he became a teacher in Africa and then Italy. His writings include On Free Will and Choice, and he died during a Vandal siege. For 10 points, identify this Bishop of Hippo, author of the Confessions.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 180 ], [ 181, 261 ], [ 262, 334 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Things Fall Apart}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, Reverend James Smith goes against the precedent of his predecessor Mr. Brown by sanctioning the zealotry of Enoch, a fanatical convert who incites a clash between colonists and indigenous peoples.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Things_Fall_Apart", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cc38", "qanta_id": 89028, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, Reverend James Smith goes against the precedent of his predecessor Mr. Brown by sanctioning the zealotry of Enoch, a fanatical convert who incites a clash between colonists and indigenous peoples. The main character is terrified of being compared to his lazy, gentle father Unoka and attempts to demonstrate his manliness by beating his youngest wife Ojiugo and by hacking his ward Ikemefuna to death. For 10 points, name this novel about Okonkwo by Chinua Achebe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 210 ], [ 211, 415 ], [ 416, 478 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{enthalpy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Maxwell's Relations for this quantity imply that its partial derivative with respect to pressure at constant entropy is equal to the system volume.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Enthalpy", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cc58", "qanta_id": 89060, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Maxwell's Relations for this quantity imply that its partial derivative with respect to pressure at constant entropy is equal to the system volume. This property is conserved in a throttling process, and is used for the thermodynamic analysis of an open chemical system because it implicitly includes a flow work term. For 10 points, name the thermodynamic property that is a state function according to Hess's Law, is equal to the internal energy plus the product of the volume and pressure, and is represented by a capital H.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 318 ], [ 319, 527 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Rembrandt} Harmenszoon van Rijn", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "John Constable described this man's The Mill as one of the four memorable paintings in the history of landscape.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rembrandt", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ccc5", "qanta_id": 89169, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "John Constable described this man's The Mill as one of the four memorable paintings in the history of landscape. Mythological-themed works by this painter include a depiction of Ganymede crying and urinating and another of Danae, which was vandalized with sulfuric acid in 1985, while his religious works include The Blinding of Samson and Joseph Accused by Potiphar's Wife. He studied painting under Pieter Lastman for only six months, and some of his most famous works were done on commission from groups such as a surgical association and members of an Amsterdam militia. Famous for his many self- portraits, this is, FTP, what Dutch, Baroque painter of the Night Watch and The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 374 ], [ 375, 574 ], [ 575, 708 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVIII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Christopher {Marlowe}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of his early works, \"The Massacre at Paris\" was inspired by the influx of Huguenot refuges to his hometown, Canterbury.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Christopher_Marlowe", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ccca", "qanta_id": 89174, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his early works, \"The Massacre at Paris\" was inspired by the influx of Huguenot refuges to his hometown, Canterbury. While at college in Cambridge, he was almost certainly recruited by Sir Francis Walsingham to serve as a British spy, and possibly worked to forestall the assassination of Queen Elizabeth by uncovering the Babington Plot. His alleged atheism and connections to an intellectual society headed by Sir Walter Raleigh tainted his literary reputation , though he was popular in London as member of the Admiral's Men company. An exact contemporary of Shakespeare, he has been posited as an alternative author for the Shakespearian sonnets. For ten points, identify this Elizabethan dramatist, author of Dido Queen of Carthage, the Jew of Malta, and Tamburlaine the Great.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 345 ], [ 346, 543 ], [ 544, 657 ], [ 658, 789 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVIII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{gravitation} (OR {gravity} OR other word forms)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "John Moffat has developed a nonsymmetric theory of this, while Renate Loll and others have developed of a theory of this phenomenon that makes use of pentachorons, and is called causal dynamical triangulation. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gravity", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ccea", "qanta_id": 89206, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "John Moffat has developed a nonsymmetric theory of this, while Renate Loll and others have developed of a theory of this phenomenon that makes use of pentachorons, and is called causal dynamical triangulation. Another theory of this interaction has two fields and coupling constant called omega, while a different theory depends on the Immirzi parameter. Along with Brans-Dicke theory, and a theory developed by Mordehai Milgrom called MOND, there are recent theories like quantum loop theory that attempt to quantize this interaction, which is mediated by spin-2 particles. FTP, identify this interaction which can be described in terms of the curvature of space-time, and whose inverse-square law was developed by Isaac Newton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 211 ], [ 211, 357 ], [ 357, 576 ], [ 577, 731 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVIII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Anne {Bradstreet}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of this poet's works bewails the death of a child whose \"parting caused us weep\" and begins, \"No sooner came, but gone, and fall'n asleep.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anne_Bradstreet", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cced", "qanta_id": 89209, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of this poet's works bewails the death of a child whose \"parting caused us weep\" and begins, \"No sooner came, but gone, and fall'n asleep.\" In addition to three poems written on the deaths of grandchildren, this poet wrote a poem whose thirty-third and last stanza refers to \"he whose name is graved in the white stone,\" who will outlast \"time's rust.\" In another poem, she describes her breast as \"the welcome house of him my dearest guest,\" and another poem addressed to the same man begins, \"If ever two were one, then surely we\"; those poems are \"A Letter to Her Husband, Absent upon Public Employment,\" and \"To My Dear and Loving Husband.\" Another poem, which addresses the \"ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain,\" is \"The Author to Her Book.\" For 10 points, identify this poet of the collection The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 142, 143 ], [ 144, 356 ], [ 357, 648 ], [ 649, 754 ], [ 755, 806 ], [ 807, 850 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVIII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Richard {Strauss}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A composition by this composer subtitled \"a study for 23 strings\" quotes the funeral march from Beethoven's Eroica; that piece is Metamorphosen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Strauss", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ccf3", "qanta_id": 89215, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A composition by this composer subtitled \"a study for 23 strings\" quotes the funeral march from Beethoven's Eroica; that piece is Metamorphosen. The last movement of this composer's first tone poem quotes the popular tune \"Funiculi, funicula,\" and the score to another tone poem was published with a poem by Alexander Ritter. In addition to Aus Italien and Death and Transfiguration, he composed a \"Rondeau Form for Large Orchestra\" that depicts a character who mocks religion, flirts with women, and ends up on the scaffold. Another work opens with a brass fanfare depicting sunrise. For 10 points, identify this German composer of Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks and Also sprach Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 325 ], [ 326, 525 ], [ 526, 584 ], [ 585, 694 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVIII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Crimean} War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "After capturing Kerch and Enikale, one side's attempted landing near the Depaldo stone stairs failed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Crimean_War", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cd59", "qanta_id": 89317, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After capturing Kerch and Enikale, one side's attempted landing near the Depaldo stone stairs failed. That side also captured the Aland Islands, which were demilitarized after the war, while attacks on Kokkola and Turku were repelled. A landing at Calamita Bay led to a battle where William Howard Russell reported on the troops' poor conditions. One side captured the fortress at Kars, which it gave back in the peace negotiations. One side's attempted siege of Taganrog failed, while a failed attack at Inkerman resulted in the other side replacing Menshikov with Prince Gorshakov. Admiral Nakhimov destroyed a squadron of frigates at Sinope, but Nakhimov died at Malakoff. General MacMahon's victory there led to the taking of Sevastopol. For 10 points, name this war, settled by the Treaty of Paris, which included the Battle of Balaclava.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 234 ], [ 235, 346 ], [ 347, 432 ], [ 433, 585 ], [ 585, 676 ], [ 677, 742 ], [ 743, 844 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVIII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Cherenkov} radiation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Silica aerogels are frequently used in devices for measuring this phenomenon, and one such device is called the threshold detector, while another device used to measure it is called a ring imaging detector.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cherenkov_radiation", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cd86", "qanta_id": 89362, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Silica aerogels are frequently used in devices for measuring this phenomenon, and one such device is called the threshold detector, while another device used to measure it is called a ring imaging detector. The governing equation can be derived by using Poynting's theorem and applying the Fourier transform to determine the energy loss at infinite distance. A periodic grating can give rise to a version of this effect named after Smith and Purcell, while the Frank-Tamm equation governs this phenomenon, which travels at an angle whose cosine is inversely proportional to the index of refraction and the object's speed. For 10 points, name this effect in which a charged particle moves through a medium faster than the speed of light in that medium, giving off radiation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 206 ], [ 207, 360 ], [ 360, 622 ], [ 623, 774 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVIII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Charles Edward {Ives}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man's song \"Paracelsus\" recycles sections from a work in his earlier \"Men of Literature\" cycle, and near the end of his career he published Three Quarter Tone Piano Pieces and 114 Songs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Ives", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cd8e", "qanta_id": 89370, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man's song \"Paracelsus\" recycles sections from a work in his earlier \"Men of Literature\" cycle, and near the end of his career he published Three Quarter Tone Piano Pieces and 114 Songs. This composer, the subject of Jan Swafford's study, included the hymn \"Watchman, tell us of the night\" in his humongous Symphony No. 4 and he related his experiences with Delta Kappa Epsilon in one of his Cartoons titled \"Calcium Light Night.\" Three parts of his unfinished Universe Symphony are extant, and his piano trio's second movement's scherzo \"is a joke.\" His \"Two Contemplations\" include The Unanswered Question and a piece which famously quotes Hello, My Baby, Central Park in the Dark. For 10 points, name this American composer best known for his composition Three Places in New England.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 434 ], [ 434, 435 ], [ 436, 555 ], [ 556, 688 ], [ 689, 791 ] ], "tournament": "Cardinal Classic XVIII", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Sigmund {Freud}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a late book, he opposes the golden rule, discusses the \"oceanic feeling\" and the \"reality principle,\" and makes an analogy to ancient ruins under modern Rome to describe the primal instincts suppressed in man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sigmund_Freud", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cdd0", "qanta_id": 89436, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In a late book, he opposes the golden rule, discusses the \"oceanic feeling\" and the \"reality principle,\" and makes an analogy to ancient ruins under modern Rome to describe the primal instincts suppressed in man. In addition to Civilization and its Discontents, he used such books as Beyond the Pleasure Principle to explain the conflict between Eros and Thanatos, representing life, or libido, and death. For 10 points, who explained the Oedipus complex in The Interpretation of Dreams and founded psychoanalysis?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 213, 405 ], [ 406, 514 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{P}olymerase {C}hain {R}eaction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The fluorescent dye SYBR green I [S Y B R green one] and the \"molecular beacon\" method use fluorescence to measure its progress, and the RACE method is based on it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymerase_chain_reaction", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cdd1", "qanta_id": 89437, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The fluorescent dye SYBR green I [S Y B R green one] and the \"molecular beacon\" method use fluorescence to measure its progress, and the RACE method is based on it. Elevated presence of magnesium ions increases its mutation rate, and it is often a precursor to single-strand conformation polymorphism. Its three steps consist of the heat-induced separation of two template strands, reduction of temperature so the primers can anneal to the strands, and addition of nucleotides using the Taq polymerase enzyme. For 10 points, name this technique developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis, which is used for quickly copying segments of DNA.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 301 ], [ 302, 509 ], [ 510, 629 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Margaret {Mead}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At age seventy-two, she became president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cde4", "qanta_id": 89456, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "At age seventy-two, she became president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The author of Continuities in Cultural Evolution collaborated with James Baldwin to write A Rap on Race. The book Aspects of the Present collects her Redbook articles, while her expeditions are recorded in Letters from the Field. Derek Freeman has argued that her major work was the product of a \"fateful hoaxing.\" For 10 points, name this anthropologist who wrote Coming of Age in Samoa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 205 ], [ 206, 330 ], [ 331, 415 ], [ 416, 489 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Dylan Marlais {Thomas}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He celebrates \"the love of Man and in praise of God\" in the poem \"In Country Heaven,\" while another poem conceives of his uncle's farm as \"Adam and maiden.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dylan_Thomas", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ce5e", "qanta_id": 89575, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He celebrates \"the love of Man and in praise of God\" in the poem \"In Country Heaven,\" while another poem conceives of his uncle's farm as \"Adam and maiden.\" This author of the collections Eighteen Poems and Deaths and Entrances also wrote a radio play, Under Milk Wood, and the nostalgic \"A Child's Christmas in Wales.\" For 10 points, name this Welsh poet of \"Fern Hill\" and \"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 318 ], [ 318, 415 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "William {Faulkner}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His family friend Phil Stone helped him publish an octosyllabic couplet verse sequence before he began writing novels like a satire on New Orleans in which Sherwood Anderson is caricatured as Dawson Fairchild.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "William_Faulkner", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ce60", "qanta_id": 89577, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His family friend Phil Stone helped him publish an octosyllabic couplet verse sequence before he began writing novels like a satire on New Orleans in which Sherwood Anderson is caricatured as Dawson Fairchild. The sewing machine agent V. K. Ratliff appears in his Snopes trilogy, and he also wrote Mosquitoes and a novel in which Dilsey Gibson looks after the Compsons. For 10 points, name this author of The Unvanquished, Light in August, Absalom, Absalom!, and The Sound and the Fury.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 369 ], [ 370, 486 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Hermes} [accept {Mercury} before \u201cGreek\u201d is read]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of his sons was blinded by Nomia. Statues of him were intended to bring prosperity and luck and marked the boundary of one's property, and he assisted the Fates with the alphabet by reducing sounds to characters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermes", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ce62", "qanta_id": 89579, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of his sons was blinded by Nomia. Statues of him were intended to bring prosperity and luck and marked the boundary of one's property, and he assisted the Fates with the alphabet by reducing sounds to characters. With cow-gut and a tortoise shell, he created a musical instrument which he gave to Apollo in exchange for cattle he stole as a child. He slew Argus after lulling him to sleep, and he served as a psychopomp, or guide of souls. For 10 points, name this winged-sandal wearing messenger of the Greek gods.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 217, 351 ], [ 352, 443 ], [ 444, 519 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Echinodermata}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The most recently discovered group in this phylum is the family Xyloplacidae, small organisms living in water on decaying wood.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Echinoderm", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ce7c", "qanta_id": 89605, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The most recently discovered group in this phylum is the family Xyloplacidae, small organisms living in water on decaying wood. The bodily functions of these deuterostomes are driven by a sequence that begins at the madreporite then follows the stone canal and a circular ring canal into canals that lead to ampullae, which help them move about on tube feet. For 10 points, name this aquatic phylum characterized by a water vascular system, named for many of its members' spiny skin, examples of which include sea cucumbers and starfish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 358 ], [ 359, 537 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Nighthawks}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In it, the top half of a yellow door and a pair of metal coffee machines decorate the rear end of a triangle-shaped wooden counter, behind which a man in white labors.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nighthawks", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ce80", "qanta_id": 89609, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In it, the top half of a yellow door and a pair of metal coffee machines decorate the rear end of a triangle-shaped wooden counter, behind which a man in white labors. Under a roof sign advertising cigars, or \"Phillies,\" for \"only five cents,\" a man wearing a suit and fedora sits on a stool with his back turned, and across from him another fedora-wearing man sits next to a lady in a red dress. For 10 points, name this painting of a late night scene at a lonely street corner and diner, a work by Edward Hopper.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 396 ], [ 397, 514 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Les {Fleurs du Mal} [or The {Flowers of Evil}; or The {Flowers of Sickness}; accept equivalents]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Its second edition closes with a promise of rebirth in \"The Voyage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Les_Fleurs_du_mal", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ce86", "qanta_id": 89615, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Its second edition closes with a promise of rebirth in \"The Voyage.\" Its cycle of Marie concludes with \"To a Madonna\" and Jeanne's poems include \"The Jewels\" and \"The Vampire.\" \"Landscape\" and \"The Swan\" are found in the second section, Parisian Scenes, while its first section is Spleen and Ideal. Poems banned from its later printings were published separately as Les \u00c9paves. For 10 points, name this collection that revived the French sonnet after two hundred years, written by Charles Baudelaire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 67 ], [ 67, 68 ], [ 69, 176 ], [ 177, 298 ], [ 299, 377 ], [ 378, 500 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Ezra Loomis {Pound}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His addition of poems by philosopher T.E. Hulme to his collection Ripostes helped to spawn a certain literary movement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ezra_Pound", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ce96", "qanta_id": 89631, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His addition of poems by philosopher T.E. Hulme to his collection Ripostes helped to spawn a certain literary movement. He did heavy editing on Eliot's The Waste Land and helped get William Carlos Williams and Hilda Doolittle published, and he even named his first poetry collection Hilda's Book. His longest work is often given the adjective \"Pisan,\" referring to his time as a prisoner of war in Italy after being charged with treason by the Allies. For 10 points, name this Imagist author of The Cantos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 296 ], [ 297, 451 ], [ 452, 506 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{chromatography} [accept {gas chromatography} before \u201cspotting\u201d; accept {column chromatography} before \u201cflame\u201d]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Martin-Synge and Craig models of this process assume that there are a finite number of identical plates involved.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chromatography", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ceaa", "qanta_id": 89651, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Martin-Synge and Craig models of this process assume that there are a finite number of identical plates involved. In one type of this process, a flame ionization detector is used to analyze the exit mixture of gases from either a packed tube or capillary. In another variety, spotting is followed by the sample's development in the effluent before an Rf [R sub F] value is calculated. Using the differences in behavior between mobile and stationary phases, types include gas, column, thin-layer, and paper. For 10 points,. identify this type of chemical analysis that allows separation of mixture components.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 259 ], [ 260, 388 ], [ 389, 510 ], [ 511, 612 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "The {Arnolfini Wedding} [or {Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride}; any equivalent term such as \u201cmarriage\u201d for \u201cwedding\u201d is fine]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Below the central chandelier in this painting are the artist's signature and a declaration in Latin that the artist was there to witness the titular event, as shown by the images of himself and a priest reflected in a convex mirror below.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnolfini_Portrait", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551ceae", "qanta_id": 89655, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Below the central chandelier in this painting are the artist's signature and a declaration in Latin that the artist was there to witness the titular event, as shown by the images of himself and a priest reflected in a convex mirror below. A small terrier stands between the two main figures, a man in a black garment and a large hat and a woman in a white veil and green dress, who looks as if she may be pregnant. For 10 points, name this Jan van Eyck painting showing the nuptials of an Italian couple.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 238 ], [ 239, 414 ], [ 415, 504 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "August {Strindberg}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "His short stories are collected in The German Lieutenant and In Midsummer Days.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "August_Strindberg", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cee3", "qanta_id": 89708, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His short stories are collected in The German Lieutenant and In Midsummer Days. His critical Letters to the Intimate Theatre provided the theoretical background for his plays To Damascus, The Pelican, and The Ghost Sonata. Another play of his tells the story of an upper-class woman who seduces her father's valet and then commits suicide. For 10 points, identify this Swedish author of A Dance of Death and Miss Julie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 222 ], [ 223, 339 ], [ 340, 419 ] ], "tournament": "PACE NSC", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Romeo and Juliet [accept TH 42; or \u010cW 39]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Near this work's end, a tuba holds a B natural for ten bars while the timpani plays the repeating sixteenth triplets alternating with eighths, and the rest of the orchestra plays a slow dirge in B major.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romeo_and_Juliet", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551cf8e", "qanta_id": 89879, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Near this work's end, a tuba holds a B natural for ten bars while the timpani plays the repeating sixteenth triplets alternating with eighths, and the rest of the orchestra plays a slow dirge in B major. Its opening section features a liturgically inspired theme in the clarinets and bassoons, which transitions into an alternation of B-minor six chords between strings and woodwinds, representing a street fight. This piece was heavily revised with Balakirev's criticisms in mind. Its most famous theme is introduced by the English horn and muted violas, followed by a brief episode of muted strings, before the (*) D-flat main theme returns in the flute and oboes, accompanied by horns. Near its end, a timpani roll represents the suicides of the title characters. The \"Love Theme\" and the \"Friar Laurence\" theme are components of, for 10 points, what \"Overture-Fantasy\" by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, an adaptation of a Shakespeare play?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 205, 416 ], [ 417, 485 ], [ 486, 693 ], [ 694, 772 ], [ 773, 938 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "{moment} of {inertia}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The length of the three axes of Poinsot's ellipsoid is equal to half of the three values obtained by diagonalizaing the tensor representing this quantity. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moment_of_inertia", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d026", "qanta_id": 90031, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The length of the three axes of Poinsot's ellipsoid is equal to half of the three values obtained by diagonalizaing the tensor representing this quantity. Those three values, known as principle ones of these, also appear on the left hand side of the Euler equation. Two of the three principle ones are equal in the case of a symmetrical top, and all three are equal for a spherical top. The parallel axis theorem can be used to find one of these along a different axis, and in general, it is equal to the integral of the radius squared times the differential mass element. FTP what is this quantity, the rotational analog of mass?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 156, 268 ], [ 268, 390 ], [ 390, 577 ], [ 577, 634 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Bronislaw Kaspar {Malinowski}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "He gave the story of an owner not being able to refuse his canoe when the community goes fishing as an example of what he calls \"primitive communism\" in a work that also discusses \"The Rules of Law in Religious Acts\" and \"Reciprocity as the Basis of Social Structure.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bronis\u0142aw_Malinowski", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d02a", "qanta_id": 90035, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He gave the story of an owner not being able to refuse his canoe when the community goes fishing as an example of what he calls \"primitive communism\" in a work that also discusses \"The Rules of Law in Religious Acts\" and \"Reciprocity as the Basis of Social Structure.\" He wrote of gardeners performing rituals in an attempt to increase production despite their superior knowledge of soil in a work blending the three title concepts. In addition to Crime and Custom in Savage Society and Magic, Science and Religion, he differentiates between basic individual and broad communal needs in a work resulting from research of Mexican Indian villages, A Scientific Theory of Culture. More famously, he described the Tewara and Sanaroa with regards to their exchange cycle where the islanders visit other islands to barter, known as a kula ring. FTP name this author of Coral Gardens and Their Magic who studied the Trobriand Islanders in Argonauts of the Western Pacific, a Polish anthropologist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 270 ], [ 270, 435 ], [ 435, 681 ], [ 681, 843 ], [ 843, 994 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Iceman Cometh}", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this play attempts to defend himself by saying that his study of American history caused him to turn his mother into the police.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Iceman_Cometh", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d03a", "qanta_id": 90051, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One character in this play attempts to defend himself by saying that his study of American history caused him to turn his mother into the police. Another character in this play begrudgingly steps outside to take \"a walk around the ward,\" only to become frightened of an imaginary car. During the third act, Chuck Morello and Rocky Pioggi fight with Joe Mott, who dreams of running a gambling house. Ending with Don Parritt committing suicide after being ordered to by Larry Slade, this play's main character preaches that the other characters should forget their pipe dreams until he reveals that he killed his wife Evelyn. Set in Harry Hope's bar, FTP, name this play about Theodore \"Hickey\" Hickman, a work by Eugene O'Neill.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 284 ], [ 285, 398 ], [ 399, 623 ], [ 624, 727 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Hamlet}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One play named for this character ends with Easy saying, \"Cube.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hamlet", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d052", "qanta_id": 90075, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One play named for this character ends with Easy saying, \"Cube.\" This character insults a former friend by saying \"a knavish speech sleeps in a foolish ear,\" and in response to the question, \"What do you read, my lord,\" he replies, \"Words, words, words.\" When another character asks him \"How is it that the clouds still hang so on you,\" he puns, \"Not so, my lord, I am too much in the sun.\" He learns that his father died from poison poured in his ears while talking to a ghost who first appears to Marcellus and Horatio. FTP, name this character who is killed by Laertes and revenges himself on Claudius in a namesake Shakespeare play, who famously wonders \"To be or not to be.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 63, 253 ], [ 253, 390 ], [ 391, 521 ], [ 522, 679 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Milan {Kundera}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author termed Kafka, Broch, Musil, and Gombrowicz the \"pleiad\" of Central Europe's great novelists in an interview about his book The Art of the Novel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Milan_Kundera", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d070", "qanta_id": 90105, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This author termed Kafka, Broch, Musil, and Gombrowicz the \"pleiad\" of Central Europe's great novelists in an interview about his book The Art of the Novel. He wrote about five days in the life of the jazz trumpeter Klima in The Farewell Waltz and satirized romanticism in a novel about the poet Jaromil, Life is Elsewhere. Better known are a novel in which a postcard containing the phrase \"Long Live Trotsky!\" gets Ludvik Jahn in trouble with the Communist Party and a novel about the lives of Franz, Sabina, Tereza, and the surgeon Tomas in the wake of the Prague Spring. FTP, name this Czech author of The Joke, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, and The Unbearable Lightness of Being.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 323 ], [ 324, 410 ], [ 410, 574 ], [ 575, 691 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Doppler} effect or shift", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Shklovskii effect is a quadratic variant of this, and it produces a Gaussian spectral line profile through thermal broadening.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d089", "qanta_id": 90130, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Shklovskii effect is a quadratic variant of this, and it produces a Gaussian spectral line profile through thermal broadening. The Ives-Stilwell experiment showed that the relativistic formula for this effect was correct, rather than the classical formula. Hasselkamp, Mondry, and Scharmann's 1979 experiment was the first to directly test the transverse version of this effect, which classical predictions say should not exist. First analyzed by Buys Ballot in the realm of the pitch of sound, FTP name this effect whose strength depends on the relative velocity between source and receiver, a namesake shift in the frequency of a wave as the source moves relative to the observer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 262 ], [ 262, 435 ], [ 435, 688 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Hedda} {Gabler} [accept either]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "She characterizes her situation as one stop on the train line of her life in a scene in which she agrees to a \"triangular arrangement.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hedda_Gabler", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d08d", "qanta_id": 90134, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "She characterizes her situation as one stop on the train line of her life in a scene in which she agrees to a \"triangular arrangement.\" This character is disappointed by news of a fracas involving the police and a \"mighty huntress of men,\" the redhead Mademoiselle Diana, since it means that her vision of another character with \"vine leaves in his hair\" did not come to fruition. She blames a moment of pity while walking by the Falk mansion for her marriage to a man who plans to write a book on the domestic crafts of medieval Brabant, which he puts off to work with Thea Elvsted on reconstructing the last manuscript of Eilert L\u00f8vborg. FTP, name this wife of George Tesman, the title character of a Henrik Ibsen play.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 134, 380 ], [ 381, 639 ], [ 640, 721 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{phosphorus} or {P}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A ligand containing it as its central atom dissociates from rhodium(I)", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Phosphorus", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d0be", "qanta_id": 90183, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A ligand containing it as its central atom dissociates from rhodium(I) [\"rhodium-one\"] in the catalytic mechanism of Wilkinson's catalyst. It is found in a four-membered ring with sulfur in Lawesson's reagent, and this element nucleophilically attacks nitrogen in the Staudinger reaction and the Mitsunobu reaction. It was discovered in 1669 by German alchemist Hennig Brand where is was prepared through a sample of his own urine. Existing as both red and white allotropes, FTP, identify this nonmetallic element that is found below nitrogen as element number 15 on the periodic table.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 138 ], [ 139, 317 ], [ 317, 434 ], [ 434, 588 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{diffraction}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Schaffer-Bergman form of this phenomenon is caused by light interacting with sound propagating through a medium. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffraction", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d0ec", "qanta_id": 90229, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Schaffer-Bergman form of this phenomenon is caused by light interacting with sound propagating through a medium. In transmission electron microscopy, accelerated electrons undergo this phenomenon, resulting in a reflection of the sample crystal's reciprocal lattice. In optics, it leads to the appearance of an Airy disc, which determines the Rayleigh criterion for the focusing power of telescopes. Bragg's law specifies the geometry required for this type of interaction of x-rays with a crystal lattice. A more familiar display of this property involves a laser beam passing through a thin slit. FTP, name this wave phenomenon that describes the interference of waves upon interaction with a barrier, taking its name from the Latin for \"to break into pieces\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 118, 273 ], [ 273, 407 ], [ 407, 515 ], [ 515, 608 ], [ 608, 771 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The {Tempest}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Characters from this play appear in W.H. Auden's poem \"The Sea and the Mirror\" and a Robert Browning poem features the slave of the protagonist meditating \"UponSetebos.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tempest", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d0f0", "qanta_id": 90233, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Characters from this play appear in W.H. Auden's poem \"The Sea and the Mirror\" and a Robert Browning poem features the slave of the protagonist meditating \"UponSetebos.\" Possibly inspired by William Strachey's experiences in Bermuda, it includes singing by the spirits Juno and Ceres, and a drunken encounter between Stephano and Trinculo with the son of Sycorax , who is carrying wood for a sorcerer who has recently stranded his brother and the King of Naples on an island while trying to arrange a match between Ferdinand and his daughter Miranda. FTP, name this drama, which includes characters like Caliban, Ariel, andProspero, written by William Shakespeare.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 168, 550 ], [ 551, 664 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Balder}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Merseberg Incantations tell the story of his ride into a forest where his horse sprains its leg, only to be magically healed by Wodan. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baldr", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d114", "qanta_id": 90269, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Merseberg Incantations tell the story of his ride into a forest where his horse sprains its leg, only to be magically healed by Wodan. In one story, his wife sends a ring to his mother-in-law Fulla, while his son is renowned for settling disputes. At a ceremony in his honor, the dwarf Litr is randomly burned to death, and the aid of the giantess Hyrokkin is enlisted. Due to the machinations of Thokk, he is forced to remain in the realm of Hel, but manages to send Draupnir back to his father Odin. Joined by his wife Nanna on his funeral pyre, FTP name this most loved of all the gods who was killed by his blind brother Hodr by a spear of mistletoe at the behest of Loki.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 140, 254 ], [ 254, 375 ], [ 376, 509 ], [ 509, 683 ] ], "tournament": "Terrapin Invitational Tournament", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "{Horus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Sometimes represented with an infant held to his lips, he was identified as Harpocrates by the Greeks.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horus", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d142", "qanta_id": 90315, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Sometimes represented with an infant held to his lips, he was identified as Harpocrates by the Greeks. In some myths, he was supposedly the second-born son of Geb and Nut and was worshipped as the god of light who worked with Ra and eventually married Hathor. In his more famous incarnation, he was born in the marsh of Buto and eventually went on to avenge his father and killing his father's murderer, Seth. Pharaohs were considered manifestations of, FTP which falcon-headed god of ancient Egypt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 259 ], [ 260, 403 ], [ 404, 409 ], [ 410, 499 ] ], "tournament": "Berkeley WIT XII", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{specific heat}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The change in entropy due to heating is equal to the natural log of the ratio of temperatures times the number of moles of the substance times this quantity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heat_capacity", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d154", "qanta_id": 90333, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The change in entropy due to heating is equal to the natural log of the ratio of temperatures times the number of moles of the substance times this quantity. At low temperatures, Debye proposed that it is proportional to the cube of the temperature. Its value in constant volume is 5/2 R for a diatomic ideal gas, and 3/2 R for a monatomic gas. FTP name this thermodynamic quantity defined as the heat needed to raise the temperature of a given amount of substance by 1 degree.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 249 ], [ 250, 344 ], [ 345, 477 ] ], "tournament": "Berkeley WIT XII", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Dmitri {Shostakovich} (note on the monogram: it's from D. SCHostakowich, where in German notation \u201cE flat\u201d is \u201ces\u201d and B natural is \u201ch\u201d)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Like Bach, he frequently used a \"musical monogram\" of four notes, in his case D, E flat, C, and B, from the German transliteration of his name.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dmitri_Shostakovich", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d160", "qanta_id": 90345, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Like Bach, he frequently used a \"musical monogram\" of four notes, in his case D, E flat, C, and B, from the German transliteration of his name. This first appears in his first violin concerto, which, though written in 1947 and 1948, was first performed in 1955 by David Oistrakh. The delay arose as the composer found himself writing film scores after having lost his position at the Moscow Conservatory due to Stalin's attack on \"anti-democratic tendencies in music.\" For ten points, who is this composer who responded to Stalin's 1936 article \"Muddle instead of Music\" with his Fifth Symphony?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 279 ], [ 280, 467 ], [ 467, 595 ] ], "tournament": "Berkeley WIT XII", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Neutrino}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The most recent direct discovery of one was in the DONUT experiment.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutrino", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d17d", "qanta_id": 90374, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The most recent direct discovery of one was in the DONUT experiment. The 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics went to Lederman, Schwartz, and Steinberger for discovering the second one. They come in doublets with the charged leptons. We only see one third of the number that we expect from the sun, which in recent years has been the foundation for evidence that they have mass. They respond to neither electromagnetism nor the strong force, but they do have weak interactions. For ten points, what are these light neutral particles first postulated to explain the continuous spectrum of beta decay by Wolfgang Pauli?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 176 ], [ 177, 224 ], [ 225, 369 ], [ 370, 468 ], [ 469, 608 ] ], "tournament": "Berkeley WIT XII", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Gian Lorenzo {Bernini}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist's early works include a marble bust of Dr. Antonio Coppola and the group Aeneas, Anchises and Ascanius Leaving Troy, a work once attributed to his father, Pietro.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d1ca", "qanta_id": 90451, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This artist's early works include a marble bust of Dr. Antonio Coppola and the group Aeneas, Anchises and Ascanius Leaving Troy, a work once attributed to his father, Pietro. Late in his life he traveled to France, where his nationalism caused Louis XIV to reject his plans for the Louvre. Under Pope Alexander VII he was charged with the decoration of Santa Maria del Popolo, and he created the magnificent Chair of St. Peter for St. Peter's Basilica. He also designed the baldacchino and a colonnade for that church, but he may be best known for the Triton and Four Rivers fountains, and for a work housed in the Coronaro Chapel. For ten points, name this baroque sculptor of the Ecstasy of St. Teresa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 289 ], [ 290, 452 ], [ 453, 631 ], [ 632, 704 ] ], "tournament": "Berkeley WIT XII", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Cu Chulainn} (koo kull-ain)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His birth name was Setante, given to him by his parents Sualtach and Dechtire.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "C\u00fa_Chulainn", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d1d3", "qanta_id": 90460, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His birth name was Setante, given to him by his parents Sualtach and Dechtire. Fergus Mac Roich refused to fight him at Cuialnge despite the fact that this warrior's relative Conchobar dethroned Mac Roich as king. He grew up to be a member of the Red Branch, but among his most important mentors in childhood was the pacifist, Sencha. FTP name this most famous warrior in the Ulster Cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 78 ], [ 79, 213 ], [ 214, 334 ], [ 335, 389 ] ], "tournament": "Berkeley WIT XII", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "{Diels-Alder} Reactions", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As the reaction proceeds, 6 pi electrons are delocalized above the transition state, which stabilizes it by the Hammond Postulate.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diels\u2013Alder_reaction", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d1dd", "qanta_id": 90470, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As the reaction proceeds, 6 pi electrons are delocalized above the transition state, which stabilizes it by the Hammond Postulate. Thus, these reactions have a faster rate and are more stable than two plus two and four plus four cycloaddition reactions. Most of the reactions are not reversible, however under a large amount of heat the retro reaction proceeds. The discovers, working at the University of Cologne, shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950 for the discovery of the reaction between a substituted alkene and a conjugated diene. This is, for ten points, which class of reactions that results in a cyclic alkene?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 253 ], [ 254, 361 ], [ 362, 545 ], [ 546, 628 ] ], "tournament": "Berkeley WIT XII", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Nadine {Gordimer}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Two of this author's short stories, \"A Meeting in Space\" and \"The Life of the Imagination\" were published in the New Yorker and collected in Livingstone's Companions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d1e6", "qanta_id": 90479, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Two of this author's short stories, \"A Meeting in Space\" and \"The Life of the Imagination\" were published in the New Yorker and collected in Livingstone's Companions. Not for Publication and Face to Face are two other short story collections, though this author's career is more often defined by such novels as The Lying Days. In Occasion for Loving, she used an interracial love story to challenge her nation's segregationist laws, and in The Conservationist she drew heavily from Zulu creation stories. For ten points, name this author of July's People and South African Nobel Literature laureate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 326 ], [ 327, 504 ], [ 505, 599 ] ], "tournament": "Berkeley WIT XII", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Gottfried {Leibniz}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "His preface to the Novissima Sinica was inspired by correspondence with missionaries in the Far East and argued that Europeans should emulate the Chinese system of learning.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d1ec", "qanta_id": 90485, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "His preface to the Novissima Sinica was inspired by correspondence with missionaries in the Far East and argued that Europeans should emulate the Chinese system of learning. During his time in Paris, he met Arnauld and Malebranche and questioned Cartesian metaphysics in his treatises on abstract and concrete motion. It was his Theodicy that expounded on his oft-parodied belief that the existing world was in the best state that it possibly could be. For ten points, name this German thinker known for his theory of monads and his development of calculus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 317 ], [ 318, 452 ], [ 453, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Berkeley WIT XII", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Erik {Erikson}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man was a teacher and artist in the 1920's, until a visit with Anna Freud inspired him to begin studying at the Vienna Psychoanalytical Institute.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Erik_Erikson", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d21d", "qanta_id": 90534, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man was a teacher and artist in the 1920's, until a visit with Anna Freud inspired him to begin studying at the Vienna Psychoanalytical Institute. His most famous theory includes rubrics for maladaptions and malignancies, significant relations, and social modalities. He used biography as a means of advancing his psychoanalytical theories, particularly in Young Man Luther and the award-winning Gandhi's Truth. FTP name this German developmental psychologist who created the theory of psychosocial development and coined the term \"identity crisis.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 272 ], [ 273, 416 ], [ 417, 554 ] ], "tournament": "Berkeley WIT XII", "year": 2004 }, { "answer": "Pablo {Neruda}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "STRETCH ROUND This poet wrote three poems entitled \"Material Cantos\", which include \"Hymn to Celery\", Statute of Wine\", and \"Entrance Into Wood\", which are included in his collection Residence on Earth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d26a", "qanta_id": 90611, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "STRETCH ROUND This poet wrote three poems entitled \"Material Cantos\", which include \"Hymn to Celery\", Statute of Wine\", and \"Entrance Into Wood\", which are included in his collection Residence on Earth. This poet wrote a series of odes to such diverse subjects as celery and lemons, and later wrote a cycle of love poems that ends with one that concludes \"It is the hour of departure. Oh abandoned one.\" For ten points, name this poet who wrote a poem about an Incan ruin entitled \"The Heights of Macchu Picchu\" and which was included in his Canto General, and who also wrote \"Twenty Love Songs and a Song of Despair\" and the \"Elemental Odes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 203 ], [ 204, 385 ], [ 386, 404 ], [ 405, 643 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Tang} dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This polity allied with the Silla kingdom in a campaign against Baekje and the Yamato, and that alliance also destroyed the Goguryeo kingdom.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tang_dynasty", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d279", "qanta_id": 90626, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This polity allied with the Silla kingdom in a campaign against Baekje and the Yamato, and that alliance also destroyed the Goguryeo kingdom. This dynasty was interrupted by the Second Zhou dynasty, in the form of Empress Wu, while it was undermined by the capture of Luoyang and proclamation of the Yan during the An Lushan rebelliion, which led to further insurrection from Tibetans. Founded by Li Yuan in 618, for 10 points, identify this Chinese dynasty, notable for its arts and culture, including the poets Du Fu and Li Bai, which followed the Sui and which preceded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 385 ], [ 386, 616 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{ether}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Aryl ones may be created through the Ullman reaction. Some of these compounds autooxidize in the presence of metal and light to form explosive peroxide species.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ether", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d27a", "qanta_id": 90627, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Aryl ones may be created through the Ullman reaction. Some of these compounds autooxidize in the presence of metal and light to form explosive peroxide species. A linear analogue of one variety are called glymes, while the simplest cyclic one is called oxirane, and particularly useful as phase transfer catalysts are the \"crown\" type. They are synthesized in a simple SN2 reaction between an alkyl halide and an alkoxide ion, a reaction named for Williamson. For 10 points, identify these compounds, alkyl analogues of alcohols, which include a diethyl one, a common solvent and a formerly common anaesthetic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 335 ], [ 336, 459 ], [ 460, 610 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Freidrich von {Hayek}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man expanded up on his essay \"The Paradox of Saving\" in Prices and Production, and he described how only a benevolent planner can achieve a rational economic order using perfect information in his essay", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Hayek", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d2a0", "qanta_id": 90665, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man expanded up on his essay \"The Paradox of Saving\" in Prices and Production, and he described how only a benevolent planner can achieve a rational economic order using perfect information in his essay The Use of Knowledge in Society. He argued that the title belief cannot stop development from occurring and differentiated that belief from liberalism, though his best known work discusses the evolution of totalitarianism in socialist states and compares the USSR to Nazi Germany. For 10 points, identify this author of Why I am not a Convervative and The Road to Serfdom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 208, 240 ], [ 241, 488 ], [ 489, 580 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{enthalpy} or {heat content}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The derivative of this quantity with respect to pressure at constant entropy is equal to the volume of a system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Enthalpy", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d2bb", "qanta_id": 90692, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The derivative of this quantity with respect to pressure at constant entropy is equal to the volume of a system. In thermodynamics, this quantity is usually written as a systems internal energy plus the product of its volume and pressure while in chemistry it is expressed as the temperature times entropy plus the Gibbs free energy. The total change in this quantity for a chemical reaction can be calculated using Hess's Law and when this quantity is positive, it denotes an endothermic process. For ten points, identify this thermodynamic quantity that measures the heat transfer of a physical or chemical process and is most often symbolized with a capital H.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 333 ], [ 334, 497 ], [ 498, 663 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Robert Lee {Frost}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem, this man declared that \"the fact is the sweetest dream that labor knows\", while the title figure of another \"says the highway dust is over all.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d2bc", "qanta_id": 90693, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem, this man declared that \"the fact is the sweetest dream that labor knows\", while the title figure of another \"says the highway dust is over all.\" In addition to \"Mowing\" and \"The Oven Bird\", he wrote a poem which sees a heartbeat fade to \"nothing \u2013 Gone!\" and one which notes that \"Eden sank to grief\", \"Out, Out\" and \"Nothing Gold Can Stay\". This author of \"Fire and Ice\" noted that \"The land was ours before we were the land's\" in another poem. For 10 points, identify this author of \"The Gift Outright\" who included the refrain \"Good fences make good neighbors\" in \"Mending Wall\" and also wrote \"The Road Not Taken\" and \"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 354 ], [ 355, 458 ], [ 459, 674 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Carnival of the Animals} [or Le {Carnaval des Animaux}]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One movement in this work is based off of Hector Berlioz's \"Dance of the Sylphs\" but replaces the light woodwind melody with the double bass as a musical joke.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Carnival_of_the_Animals", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d2bd", "qanta_id": 90694, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One movement in this work is based off of Hector Berlioz's \"Dance of the Sylphs\" but replaces the light woodwind melody with the double bass as a musical joke. Another movement of this work represents pianists practicing their scales and another is an extremely slow version of Offenbach's \"Infernal Galop\" from Orpheus in the Underworld. In the movement entitled \"Fossils\", a xylophone is used to portray the rattling of bones in a similar manner to another of this composer's pieces, Danse Macabre. For ten points, identify this 14 movement suite that includes a famous cello solo in \"the Swan,\" composed by Camille Saint-Saens to depict a zoological parade.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 338 ], [ 339, 500 ], [ 501, 660 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "The {Count of Monte Cristo} or Le {Comte de Monte Cristo}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One section in this work outlines the story of Luigi Vampa and Cucumetto, and the protagonist of this work rejects his former lover by refusing some Muscatel grapes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Count_of_Monte_Cristo", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d2da", "qanta_id": 90722, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One section in this work outlines the story of Luigi Vampa and Cucumetto, and the protagonist of this work rejects his former lover by refusing some Muscatel grapes. Haydee's questioning about Ali Pasha causes the antagonist to commit suicide and widow that former love, Mercedes. The protagonist plots revenge against Danglars, Caderousse, Villefort and Fernand Mondego for sending him to a prison at Chateau d'If where he hears of Abbe Faria's riches on the titular island. For 10 points, identify this work about Edmond Dantes by Alexander Dumas, p\u00e8re.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 280 ], [ 281, 475 ], [ 476, 555 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Frederic {Chopin} (or {Szopen})", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A B-flat minor work by this composer famously contrasts arpeggiated and fortissimo chords,, while another work in the same key includes a prominent portion characterized by a Lento interlude, the \"funeral march.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric_Chopin", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d2f5", "qanta_id": 90749, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A B-flat minor work by this composer famously contrasts arpeggiated and fortissimo chords,, while another work in the same key includes a prominent portion characterized by a Lento interlude, the \"funeral march.\" He sparked controversy over the brevity of the twenty-four members of his opus 28, his Preludes, while Franz Liszt was the dedicatee of a piece grouped with works nicknamed \"Black Key\" and \"Sunshine.\" The challenging \"Winter Wind\" and A-flat major \"Aeolian Harp\" share a genre with this composer's \"Revolutionary\" etude. For ten points, name this composer of many mazurkas and polonaises and the \"Minute Waltz,\" a Polish composer and piano virtuoso.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 213, 413 ], [ 414, 533 ], [ 534, 662 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Abraham {Maslow}", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Gowan's Northridge Scale and Alderfer's ERG theory modify the work of this man, who examined religion and values in a study of Peak Experiences and discussed his research under Harlow in Towards a Psychology of Being.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Abraham_Maslow", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d2f6", "qanta_id": 90750, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Gowan's Northridge Scale and Alderfer's ERG theory modify the work of this man, who examined religion and values in a study of Peak Experiences and discussed his research under Harlow in Towards a Psychology of Being. This author of The Far Reaches of Human Nature helped Clark Moustakas and Carl Rogers develop humanistic psychology. His best-known concept grew from studying his mentors Wertheimer and Ruth Benedict and \"great figures\" like Einstein and Roosevelt, and led him to classify respect in the \"esteem\" group, above physiological and safety divisions. For ten points, identify this American who placed self-actualization atop his Hierarchy of Needs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 334 ], [ 335, 563 ], [ 564, 661 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Claude {Debussy}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's Petite Suite begins with a piece that foreshadows his later use of the whole tone scale, \"In a Boat.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d333", "qanta_id": 90811, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's Petite Suite begins with a piece that foreshadows his later use of the whole tone scale, \"In a Boat.\" Watteau's Embarkation for Cythera inspired this composer's piano piece \"The Happy Island,\" and his pieces \"Evening in Grenada\" and \"Gardens in the Rain\" appear in his Estampes. Inspired by American ragtime, he composed \"Golliwog's Cakewalk\" for his suite Children's Corner. This composer of Suite Bergamasque spent ten years on his only opera, Pelleas and Mellisande, and created three \"symphonic sketches\" representing the sound of the ocean. For 10 points, name this French composer of La Mer and Clair de Lune.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 294 ], [ 295, 391 ], [ 392, 561 ], [ 562, 631 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Romania}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One leader from this modern day nation, Decebalus, committed suicide after Trajan crushed his forces.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romania", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d336", "qanta_id": 90814, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One leader from this modern day nation, Decebalus, committed suicide after Trajan crushed his forces. Michael the Brave made part of this nation autonomous, and one voivod here, Radu the Handsome, was Sultan Mehmet II's lover. This nation had the Iron Guard forces who collaborated with the Nazis, and Gheorge Gheorgiu-Dej took control of the communist party here before being succeeded by the man who was killed on Christmas after an uprising began in Timisoara. For 10 points, Nicolae Ceausescu ruled this nation from his palace in Bucharest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 226 ], [ 227, 463 ], [ 464, 544 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Margaret Eleanor {Atwood}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, the unnamed narrator and her boyfriend Joe spend a week on the island where her father used to live, and another of her novels has Simon Jordan investigate a historical murder.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Atwood", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d339", "qanta_id": 90817, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of this author's novels, the unnamed narrator and her boyfriend Joe spend a week on the island where her father used to live, and another of her novels has Simon Jordan investigate a historical murder. In addition to Surfacing and Alias Grace, she won the 2000 Booker Prize for a book in which Iris Chase attributes a novel to her dead sister, The Blind Assassin, but her most famous novel concerns Offred's life in the dystopian Gilead. For 10 points, name this Canadian author of The Handmaid's Tale.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 208 ], [ 209, 444 ], [ 445, 509 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Thebes }", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Along with Argos, this city was defeated by Sparta at the 394 BC Battle of Coronea, though it earlier was propped up by Sparta as the predominant power in Boeotia which caused conflicts with Athens.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thebes,_Greece", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d33e", "qanta_id": 90822, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Along with Argos, this city was defeated by Sparta at the 394 BC Battle of Coronea, though it earlier was propped up by Sparta as the predominant power in Boeotia which caused conflicts with Athens. It defeated Sparta at Leuctra but was utterly crushed by Philip II of Macedon at Chaeronea after the death of Epaminondas, leader of the Sacred Band. For 10 points, name this Greek city that shares its name with an ancient Egyptian one and was the setting for stories of Oedipus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 198 ], [ 199, 348 ], [ 349, 478 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "Frank Lloyd {Wright}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He designed the mahogany-and-oya-stone-lava Tazaemon Yamamura House, which is significant in that it remains standing while his other Japanese architectural feats, such as the American Embassy and the Imperial Hotel, have been dismantled.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Lloyd_Wright", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d341", "qanta_id": 90825, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He designed the mahogany-and-oya-stone-lava Tazaemon Yamamura House, which is significant in that it remains standing while his other Japanese architectural feats, such as the American Embassy and the Imperial Hotel, have been dismantled. In the U.S., flat-roofed, low-cost \"Usonians\" like the Zimmerman House replaced his initial style found at Robie House, the \"Prairie School\". For 10 points, name this Wisconsin-born architect who designed two homes-turned-schools named for a Welsh bard, Taliesin, as well as New York's Guggenheim Museum and Pennsylvania's Fallingwater.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 238 ], [ 239, 380 ], [ 381, 575 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{The Trial} [or {Der Process}]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, a fable about a gatekeeper and a man who waits his entire life outside the gate is told to the protagonist in a cathedral after he has received assistance from the merchant Rudi Block and the painter Titorelli.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Trial", "proto_id": "5476da9fea23cca90551d351", "qanta_id": 90841, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In this work, a fable about a gatekeeper and a man who waits his entire life outside the gate is told to the protagonist in a cathedral after he has received assistance from the merchant Rudi Block and the painter Titorelli. Jealousy arises when the protagonist believes Montag and Captain Lanz are conspiring, shortly after he steals a kiss with Fraulein Burstner, while the protagonist's sexual encounter with Leni results in reduced aid from Herr Hudd, a lawyer. For 10 points, name this Franz Kafka novel about Josef K, a banker who is arrested and executed for an unknown crime.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 224 ], [ 225, 465 ], [ 466, 583 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Viscosity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Chapman-Enskog equation estimates it for a dilute fluid, and one type of this property can be measured in Saybolt Universal seconds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Viscosity", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d35d", "qanta_id": 90853, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The Chapman-Enskog equation estimates it for a dilute fluid, and one type of this property can be measured in Saybolt Universal seconds. Another type of this property can be derived using Sutherland's formula for an ideal gas. Studied in rheology, it can be modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations, and Poiseuille's Law describes incompressible flow through a circular cross- section with regard to this property. For ten points, name this property of fluids that comes in dynamic and kinematic varieties, a measure of internal resistance to flow in a fluid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 226 ], [ 227, 412 ], [ 413, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{liver}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Fibrinogen and prothromibin are produced in this organ. Ammonia is converted into urea in this organ, which also produces albumin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d363", "qanta_id": 90859, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Fibrinogen and prothromibin are produced in this organ. Ammonia is converted into urea in this organ, which also produces albumin. This organ's lobes can be divided into ligamentum teres and ligamentum venosum, while the falsiform ligament can be seen from the front. Plasma protein is produced in this organ, and bilirubin build up can cause diseases of this organ, which include those that affect the Islets of Langerhaans and also other diseases, like cirrhosis. For ten points, identify this largest gland of the human body, whose chief function is to produce bile and which lies beneath the diaphragm.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 267 ], [ 268, 465 ], [ 466, 606 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Gustavus Adolphus} or {Gustav II} Adolf", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man secured the allegiance of John George I of Saxony with a victory that saw him refuse the flank near Podelwitz, forcing Ferdinand II to find a new general after this man won at Breitenfeld.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d377", "qanta_id": 90879, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man secured the allegiance of John George I of Saxony with a victory that saw him refuse the flank near Podelwitz, forcing Ferdinand II to find a new general after this man won at Breitenfeld. He employed Torsten Stalhandske's Hakkapelitta cavalry at a third engagement that occurred in the wake of Alte Veste and saw the death of Pappenheim, and forced this man's minister Axel Oxenstierna to take over after his death. For ten points, identify this man killed at the Battle of Lutzen, a Swedish king known as the \"Lion of the North\" who fought against Tilly and Wallenstein in the Thirty Years War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 425 ], [ 426, 605 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{I and the Village}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A violinist and a man with a scythe appear in this work before the distant background buildings, one of which features a cross.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I_and_the_Village", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d378", "qanta_id": 90880, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A violinist and a man with a scythe appear in this work before the distant background buildings, one of which features a cross. The object held at bottom by one of the primary figures bears similarity to the artist's earlier The White Crucifixion, while both central figures appear to be wearing rosaries. A goat is milked within the face of the leftmost figure, who stares opposite a green face. For ten points, identify this painting showing a giant goat staring at the first title subject, set against a Russian town meant to represent the second, painted by Marc Chagall.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 305 ], [ 306, 396 ], [ 397, 575 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{Moliere} (or Jean-Baptiste {Poquelin})", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this author sees the Dancing, Music, Philosophy and Fencing Masters get into a fight over whose discipline is the best, and in another a man is beaten until he is convinced he can cure Lucinde's sudden muteness.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moli\u00e8re", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d387", "qanta_id": 90895, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work by this author sees the Dancing, Music, Philosophy and Fencing Masters get into a fight over whose discipline is the best, and in another a man is beaten until he is convinced he can cure Lucinde's sudden muteness. A character boasts of translating Roman history into limericks in this author's The Affected Damsels. Besides authoring a 5-act version of Don Juan, one of his most famous works hinges on a confusion over the name of Arnolphe, a man who intends to marry Agnes. Argan undergoes frequent enemas and tries to marry his daughter to a doctor in his The Imaginary Invalid. For ten points, name this French comedic playwright who penned The Miser, School for Wives, The Misanthrope, and Tartuffe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 223 ], [ 224, 325 ], [ 326, 484 ], [ 485, 590 ], [ 591, 713 ] ], "tournament": "Weekend of Quizbowl Saturday Event", "year": 2009 }, { "answer": "{ozone} (Accept: {O}{3})", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A recent research study showed that active children who played in areas with a high concentration of this gas were three times more likely to develop respiratory illnesses later on in life.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ozone", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d3ad", "qanta_id": 90933, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A recent research study showed that active children who played in areas with a high concentration of this gas were three times more likely to develop respiratory illnesses later on in life. Sunlight can directly react with air pollutants to produce this gas, especially during the summer months when temperatures are high. Discovered by Christian Schonbein, this gas is toxic and explosive even in small quantities and is known for its distinctive odour. It can be produced by the cold discharge method and is measured in (*) Dobson units. When combined with zinc in acetic acid, it can also be used to cleave alkenes into ketones and aldehydes. Its strong oxidative power makes it an excellent disinfectant. FTP, name this light blue gas, depleted by chlorofluorocarbons, which plays an important role in absorbing ultraviolet light in the stratosphere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 322 ], [ 323, 454 ], [ 455, 539 ], [ 540, 645 ], [ 646, 708 ], [ 709, 854 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{trees}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "When labelled, these objects can be placed in one-to-one correspondence with Pruefer sequences.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tree", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d3af", "qanta_id": 90935, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "When labelled, these objects can be placed in one-to-one correspondence with Pruefer sequences. A well-known algorithm due to Tarjan finds lowest common ancestors in them. Along with Sleator, Tarjan also developed one type of these objects that is self-organizing, while another variety of these objects assigns a (*) colour to each node. In addition to the \"splay\" and \"red-black\" varieties, balanced varieties of these objects can be used for \"symbol table\" or \"dictionary\" data structures in many programming language standard libraries. Their conventional depiction on paper shows they are upside-down relative to the real-world objects after which they are named. For 10 points, name these connected acyclic graphs, which contain leaves and sometimes roots, collections of which are known as forests.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 171 ], [ 172, 338 ], [ 339, 540 ], [ 541, 668 ], [ 669, 805 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Hephaestus}", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One child this deity fathered was a giant from Epidauros who robbed travelers with his giant club, while another of his children was guarded by a serpent at birth and later became King of Athens after he expelled Amphictyon; those sons are Periphetes and Erichthonius.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hephaestus", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d3df", "qanta_id": 90983, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One child this deity fathered was a giant from Epidauros who robbed travelers with his giant club, while another of his children was guarded by a serpent at birth and later became King of Athens after he expelled Amphictyon; those sons are Periphetes and Erichthonius. Worshiped by the Sinians, this deity may have been the father of the Palaci, who are associated with geysers on Sicily. This god got his revenge on Hera by tricking her to sit on a magic throne that would not allow her to get up until he was given (*) Aphrodite as his wife. At his home on the island Lemnos, where he landed after being thrown off of Mount Olympus, he constructed such items as Eros's arrows, Achilles's armor, and Helios's chariot. For 10 points, name this Greek god of volcanoes and fire, a craftsman known for his ugliness and for being handicapped.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 269 ], [ 270, 389 ], [ 390, 544 ], [ 545, 719 ], [ 720, 839 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{surface tension}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "J.U Brackbill's continuum method for modelling this phenomenon introduces the concepts of \"colours\" as they relate to phase transitions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Surface_tension", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d3e4", "qanta_id": 90988, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "J.U Brackbill's continuum method for modelling this phenomenon introduces the concepts of \"colours\" as they relate to phase transitions. One equation regarding this phenomenon relates the enthalpy per unit area to this quantity minus temperature times the partial derivative of this quantity with respect to temperature at constant pressure. In addition to the Kelvin equation, another way of measuring this quantity is through the force needed to pull a ring out of a fluid and is named for (*) Du Nuoy. This quantity is assumed to be linearly dependent on temperature for a given fluid in the Eotvos rule. Also calculated with the Young-Laplace equation, this quantity, symbolized gamma, occurs because certain water molecules do not have forces acting on them in all directions. Responsible for soap bubbles and water droplets, FTP, name this quantity that allows certain insects to walk on water.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 341 ], [ 342, 504 ], [ 505, 607 ], [ 608, 781 ], [ 782, 900 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{magnetic field}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This quantity is what creates the birefringence of light in the Voight effect, as well as in its liquid analog, the Cotton-Mouton effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Magnetic_field", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d3e8", "qanta_id": 90992, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This quantity is what creates the birefringence of light in the Voight effect, as well as in its liquid analog, the Cotton-Mouton effect. It can be described as \"poloidal\" when referring to a tokamak, while it's shape can be described as either azimuthal or meridonial depending on its direction. The Verdet constant is proportional to it in the (*) Faraday effect, and a potential difference can be created on a current carrying conductor when one of these is applied in the Hall Effect. Ampere's Law relates the current passing through a loop to this entity, and the force created by it can be calculated by the Biot-Savart law. The Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman names an effect in which spectral lines are split when they are exposed to it. FTP, name this entity that is created by a moving point charge, the analog of the electric field.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 296 ], [ 297, 488 ], [ 489, 630 ], [ 631, 743 ], [ 744, 841 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Cry, the Beloved Country}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The main character of this novel gives a pound to a man he foolishly thinks will be kind enough to buy him a bus ticket, though, luckily, he is then accosted by Mr. Mafolo, who is kind enough to accompany him to Sophiatown. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d3ea", "qanta_id": 90994, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The main character of this novel gives a pound to a man he foolishly thinks will be kind enough to buy him a bus ticket, though, luckily, he is then accosted by Mr. Mafolo, who is kind enough to accompany him to Sophiatown. This happens after he receives a letter summoning him to buy a train ride to a city into which \"all roads lead\" from Theophilus Msimangu. Some of the less prominent characters of this novel include Father (*) Vincent, a priest from England, Mrs. Lithebe, the main character's maid, and Mr. Carmichael, the lawyer of the main character's son after he is accused of killing Arthur Jarvis. For ten points, name this novel, in which Stephen Kumalo goes on a journey in search of his son Absalom and sister Gertrude to find that they are both in serious trouble, a work by Alan Paton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 225 ], [ 225, 362 ], [ 363, 611 ], [ 612, 804 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Kenya}", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The western portion of this country contains the Kakamega forest and the Nandi Escarpment, and its north contains Lake Rudolf. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kenya", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d405", "qanta_id": 91021, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The western portion of this country contains the Kakamega forest and the Nandi Escarpment, and its north contains Lake Rudolf. A Marine National Park and the Silversands Beach are located near this country's city of Malindi. An impala sanctuary is located near this country's city of Kisumu, located on the shore of Lake (*) Victoria, and the Ewaso Ng'iro flows into this country's arid northern region. Important cities in this country include a large slum called Kibera, found outside of the country's capital, and the port of Mombasa on the Indian Ocean. Located east of Uganda, south of Ethiopia, and north of Tanzania, this is, for 10 points, which country which shares its name with the second highest mountain in Africa and which has its capital at Nairobi?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 128, 227 ], [ 227, 407 ], [ 407, 562 ], [ 562, 768 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Gottfried Wilhelm {Leibniz}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man found that a solution exists for one unusual system of three linear equations where the determinant is zero, and, though he is not Laplace, he gives his name to a formula for calculating the determinant of an n by n matrix.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d406", "qanta_id": 91022, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man found that a solution exists for one unusual system of three linear equations where the determinant is zero, and, though he is not Laplace, he gives his name to a formula for calculating the determinant of an n by n matrix. He conducted a long argument with Bernoulli about the logarithms of imaginary and negative numbers, arguing that they do not exist. He created an early form of binary arithmetic, but used base 10 for the creation of his (*) stepped wheel calculator. This man found that every series where the magnitude terms always decreases but the terms alternate between positive and negative values is convergent. He also introduced notation d for derivative and integral symbol. For 10 points, name this mathematician who invented calculus independently of and at the same time as Newton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 232 ], [ 233, 364 ], [ 365, 482 ], [ 483, 634 ], [ 635, 700 ], [ 701, 810 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{horse}s (prompt on mares)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In Hindu myth, the Keshi demon was one of these animals slain by Krishna, while Uchaishravas was a seven-headed one who emerged during the churning of the ocean. ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horse", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d407", "qanta_id": 91023, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In Hindu myth, the Keshi demon was one of these animals slain by Krishna, while Uchaishravas was a seven-headed one who emerged during the churning of the ocean. In Celtic folklore, Kelpies are said to be this kind of creature. Niamh gave one of these animals named Embarr to Ossian when he left Tir na n'Og, and in Welsh myth, they are associated with (*) Rhiannon. Susanowo once threw a dead one into a weaving hall, driving Amaterasu into hiding. In Norse myth, the one belonging to Siggurd is named Grani, while Gulltoppr is owned by Heimdall. Four man-eating examples of these animals belonged to Diomedes before being stolen by Hercules. In the form of one of these animals, Loki was impregnated by Svadilfari, and the resulting offspring had 8 legs. Sleipnir is, for 10 points, what type of animal ridden by Odin?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 163, 228 ], [ 229, 370 ], [ 370, 454 ], [ 454, 553 ], [ 553, 648 ], [ 649, 761 ], [ 762, 825 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Shinto}", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In order to be eligible to enter this faith's afterlife, one needs only to have one's name entered onto a list at a local temple, making them a \"family child;\" after death, that person becomes a \"family spirit.\" ", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shinto", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d438", "qanta_id": 91072, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In order to be eligible to enter this faith's afterlife, one needs only to have one's name entered onto a list at a local temple, making them a \"family child;\" after death, that person becomes a \"family spirit.\" Children who die before their names have been entered onto that list are often cited as bad luck and are the cause of ceremonies in which statues are dressed in red garments. Those children, known as \"water children\" or (*) mizuko, also require offerings to be made to the figure Jizo. Their members engage in purification rituals called harai, and their shrines, called kamidana, sometimes feature gates consisting of two upright bars and two crossbars called torii. This religion also believes in the existence of eight million spirits called kami. For 10 points, name this faith, whose name translates as \"way of the gods,\" that has over 110 million practitioners in Japan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 213, 389 ], [ 389, 501 ], [ 501, 684 ], [ 684, 768 ], [ 768, 893 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "{Duino Elegies}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of these begins by noting, \"The creature gazes into openness with all/its eyes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Duino_Elegies", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d473", "qanta_id": 91131, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these begins by noting, \"The creature gazes into openness with all/its eyes. But our eyes are/as if they were reversed, and surround it/everywhere\". The last one describes the speaker's journey into \"Grief- Land\", while the seventh tells of a man calling after his dead lover, and states, \"O to be dead at last and know [the stars] eternally... for how, how, how to forget them!\" The fifth one is dedicated to (*) Frau Hertha von Koenig, while the fourth one invokes a tree of life. Also containing a poem dedicated to the \"perfect woman\" Gaspara Stampa, for 10 points, name this series of poems which begins, \"Who, if I cried out, would hear me among the Angelic Orders?\", a work by Rainer Maria Rilke.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 83 ], [ 84, 155 ], [ 156, 386 ], [ 387, 489 ], [ 490, 710 ] ], "tournament": "ANGST", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Beowulf", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The first two major problems it was used on was a version of the Piece-wise Parabolic Method, and the N-body problem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Beowulf", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d4b8", "qanta_id": 91200, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first two major problems it was used on was a version of the Piece-wise Parabolic Method, and the N-body problem. It is the middle ground between systems like CMS or the nCube, and NOW, or networks of workstations. Developed in 1993 by Thomas Sterling and Donald Becker, popular libraries to utilize it include PVM, and MPI, or message passing interface. The first one built utilized DX4 processors and 10 megabit Ethernet, but current ones, like the Linux NetworkX, at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, are some of the most powerful computers in the world. FTP, identify this standard in networking computers and using them to solve parallel programming problems, named for the man that slew the beast Grendel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 218 ], [ 219, 358 ], [ 359, 571 ], [ 572, 725 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Auspicious Incident", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "piezoelectricity or piezoelectricmaterials", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A DARPA project called Energy Harvesting focuses on the use of this phenomenon for military purposes, and includes an attempt to power field equipment with generators in the soldiers' shoes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Piezoelectricity", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d503", "qanta_id": 91275, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "A DARPA project called Energy Harvesting focuses on the use of this phenomenon for military purposes, and includes an attempt to power field equipment with generators in the soldiers' shoes. Atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes use the converse effect to keep the sensing needle close to the probe. Materials exhibiting it include ceramics with tungsten-bronze structures or containing perovskite, the compound berlinite, and polyvinlidene fluoride, which exhibits levels several times greater than quartz. FTP name this effect created by a sudden charge assymetry in a material, whereby the deformation of a crystal produces a voltage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 309 ], [ 310, 517 ], [ 518, 647 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Auspicious Incident", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Arrhenius equation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It assumes that the steric factor and the collision rate are constants, because these parameters have very little dependence on temperature.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arrhenius_equation", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d50c", "qanta_id": 91284, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It assumes that the steric factor and the collision rate are constants, because these parameters have very little dependence on temperature. In electronics, it can be used to predict failure mechanisms such as corrosion, intermetallic growth, metal migration, and dielectric breakdown. When plotting results, the logarithm of both sides is taken to produce a linear model. The large effect of catalysts can be seen by the presence of the activation energy in the exponential term, along with the universal gas constant. FTP, identify this chemical equation which related the temperature of a reaction environment to the reaction rate, symbolized by the rate constant k.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 285 ], [ 286, 372 ], [ 373, 519 ], [ 520, 669 ] ], "tournament": "Michigan Auspicious Incident", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Heisenberg {Uncertainty} Principle", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "It was first discussed in the context of a gamma-ray microscope with a resolving power of the wavelength over the sine of the half-angle subtended by the lens.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncertainty_principle", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d5d4", "qanta_id": 91484, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "It was first discussed in the context of a gamma-ray microscope with a resolving power of the wavelength over the sine of the half-angle subtended by the lens. It is responsible for the stability of atoms, since it implies a minimum ground state energy that is consistent with this statement. The wave function that satisfies the lower bound given by this equation is a Gaussian wave packet, and it pairs time with energy, making possible the creation of virtual particles for short times. Obeyed by pairs of canonically conjugate variables, for ten points, identify this statement that complementary quantities can not be simultaneously measured to arbitrary precision named for its German formulator.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 292 ], [ 293, 489 ], [ 490, 702 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Romeo} and {Juliet} (or equivalents or even A Village Romeo and Juliet)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One work of classical music on this theme features the \"Dance of the Antillean Maidens,\" which is accompanied by maracas and tambourines.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romeo_and_Juliet", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d623", "qanta_id": 91563, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One work of classical music on this theme features the \"Dance of the Antillean Maidens,\" which is accompanied by maracas and tambourines. Other versions feature the arias \"O Quante Volte\" and \"Ah, je veux vivre.\" One take on it features a scene at the fair where a suspicious woman from Seldwyla is encountered, after which the \"Walk to the Paradise Garden\" is played, and the Dark Fiddler appears several times. That work sees central characters named Manz, Marti, Vrenchen, and Sali. Prokofiev, Gounod, and Bellini composed it, but it was uniquely set in a \"village\" by Frederick Delius. FTP, name this famous story originally written by Shakespeare about two star-crossed lovers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 211 ], [ 211, 412 ], [ 413, 485 ], [ 486, 589 ], [ 590, 682 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{cholesterol} (accept \u201cbile acids\u201d or \u201ccholic acid\u201d before intermediates)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The homeostasis of this molecule varies according to gender in rats, when they were unable to make use of its classical 7-alpha-hydroxylase pathway.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cholesterol", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d632", "qanta_id": 91578, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The homeostasis of this molecule varies according to gender in rats, when they were unable to make use of its classical 7-alpha-hydroxylase pathway. The isoprenoid intermediates in its synthesis may in turn be used to synthesize coenzyme Q, like IPP which isomerizes with DMPP and condenses to form FPP. HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in its synthesis which converts the molecule to mevalonate, and later a two-step cyclization converts squalene to this molecule, after a series of 19 reactions. FTP, name this molecule which may be stored in LDL or HDL forms, a substance known for clogging the arteries.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 303 ], [ 304, 510 ], [ 511, 620 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Nikita Sergeyevich {Khrushchev}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Kliment Voroshilov was suspected of a plot to overthrow this man, and the noted female politician Yekaterina Furtseva served as an assistant to him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikita_Khrushchev", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d64e", "qanta_id": 91606, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Kliment Voroshilov was suspected of a plot to overthrow this man, and the noted female politician Yekaterina Furtseva served as an assistant to him. He installed the regional economic units called sovnarkhozes, and would eventually be succeeded as premier by Alexey Kosygin. Opposed by the so-called Antiparty Party led by some of his former supporters, he launched the Virgin Lands campaign. He remains famous for his Secret Speech, his participation in the Kitchen Debate, his remark about a \"bone in the throat,\" and taking off his shoe to bang it on the desk. FTP, name this man who became the leader of Russia shortly after the death of Joseph Stalin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 274 ], [ 275, 392 ], [ 393, 563 ], [ 564, 656 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{endoplasmic reticulum} or {ER} before mentioned (accept smooth or rough endoplasmic reticulum at any time)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This site requires AAA-ATPase Cdc48 for homotypic membrane fusion events.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Endoplasmic_reticulum", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d65b", "qanta_id": 91619, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This site requires AAA-ATPase Cdc48 for homotypic membrane fusion events. Its compartmentalization is often described as septin-dependent and relates to a portion of it that forms at the bud neck during yeast polarized growth. It contains narrow channels known as translocons which facilitate transfer to the part of it that lies continuous with the nuclear envelope, and its collective structure was once called the gastroplasm. It has a large complex lumen consisting of numerous cisternae or flattened sacs where newly synthesized proteins are sequestered. FTP, name this cellular organelle which may possess ribosomes, leading it to be called \"rough\" or be \"smooth,\" and either way is abbreviated ER.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 73 ], [ 74, 226 ], [ 227, 429 ], [ 430, 559 ], [ 560, 704 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{bridge}s (or reasonable equivalents, though I can\u2019t think of any)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of these is called Balan Bacham and is defended by Mampes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bridge", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d662", "qanta_id": 91626, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of these is called Balan Bacham and is defended by Mampes. The Owl Woman is in charge of one in Native American myth and Zoroastrian tradition refers to one called Chinvato Peretav, which is related to the Muslim al- Sirat. In Japanese myth, Ninigi marries the dancing Uzume off to a god associated with one. One of them in Norse myth can be called Asabru, and is presided over by Heimdall, but is better known as Bifrost or the Rainbow one. FTP, name this type of structure that connects two landmasses, another example of which might be the Golden Gate.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 227 ], [ 228, 312 ], [ 313, 445 ], [ 446, 559 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Johannes/Jan {Vermeer}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "John Michael Montias and Arthur K. Wheelock are renowned for their studies of this artist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Vermeer", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d663", "qanta_id": 91627, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "John Michael Montias and Arthur K. Wheelock are renowned for their studies of this artist. A recent addition to this artist's canon came with the analysis of a duplicate of a painting by Felice Ficherelli, or il Riposo, a depiction of Saint Praxedis. After his earliest known work, Christ in the House of Mary and Martha, he took over the inn of his father called the Mechelen. His only dated work, which also contains a possible self-portrait of him, is The Procuress. Also known for works on The Astronomer and The Geographer, FTP, name this artist who also created Girl with the Pearl Earring and View of Delft, a 17th century Dutch painter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 250 ], [ 251, 377 ], [ 378, 469 ], [ 470, 644 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Franz {Boas}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Many of this man's writings were collected by Muriel Rukeyser, who intended to author a study on him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Boas", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d671", "qanta_id": 91641, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Many of this man's writings were collected by Muriel Rukeyser, who intended to author a study on him. A colleague of James Cattell, his students included Frank Speck and Clark Wissler, who succeeded him in a certain position. He authored works in collaboration with James Teit and Ella Deloria, as well as another student Paul Radin. His own works include Race in Democratic Society and Primitive Art. A proponent of historical particularism and the American \"four-field\" approach, this professor at Columbia is better known for his work among the Kwakiutl tribes. FTP, name this American anthropologist who wrote The Mind of Primitive Man.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 225 ], [ 226, 333 ], [ 334, 401 ], [ 402, 564 ], [ 565, 640 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Sri {Lanka} (also accept Sinhala/Sinhalese kingdom, Taprobane, Serendip/Serendipity, Ceylon, or even Anuradhapura before those things are mentioned)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of its major royal capitals was dissected by the Ceremonial Road and contained the Chapel of the Western Queen and the famous Brazen Temple.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sri_Lanka", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d675", "qanta_id": 91645, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One of its major royal capitals was dissected by the Ceremonial Road and contained the Chapel of the Western Queen and the famous Brazen Temple. That capital was ruled by Asela, who took power from Sena and Gutthika, and then was followed by Elara and Dutu-gem-unu, according to the chronicle of Mahawamsa. This occurred after the prince Vijaya was succeeded by Pandukabaya who built up the capital, Anurad-hapura. Later, it saw wars fought over the independent kingdom of Kandy. It was referred to as Taprobane in the Greco- Roman world, Serendip in Arab culture, and Ceylon. FTP, name this island, which still sits across the Palk Strait from India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 306 ], [ 307, 414 ], [ 415, 479 ], [ 480, 576 ], [ 577, 651 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Dylan {Thomas}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one poem this poet noted that \"The lips of time leech to the fountain head\" and that \"The hand that whirls the water in the pool / Stirs the quicksand.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dylan_Thomas", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d676", "qanta_id": 91646, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one poem this poet noted that \"The lips of time leech to the fountain head\" and that \"The hand that whirls the water in the pool / Stirs the quicksand.\" He stated that \"Time held me green and dying / Though I sang in my chains like the sea\" in a poem from his collection Deaths and Entrances. He wrote the story collection Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog in addition to the aforementioned poems, \"The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower\" and \"Fern Hill.\" FTP, name this author of a \"play for voices,\" Under Milk Wood, and the villanelle \"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 202 ], [ 203, 295 ], [ 296, 479 ], [ 480, 602 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Edward Franklin {Albee} III", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of his plays, Oscar shows up at the house of Sam and Jo with the title character at the end of Act I. Another play features an architect who falls in love with the title animal, and a third play sees Brother Julian go to the castle of the title character, the world's richest woman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Albee", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d681", "qanta_id": 91657, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one of his plays, Oscar shows up at the house of Sam and Jo with the title character at the end of Act I. Another play features an architect who falls in love with the title animal, and a third play sees Brother Julian go to the castle of the title character, the world's richest woman. In addition to The Lady From Dubuque, The Goat or, Who Is Sylvia?, and Tiny Alice, he wrote a play in which Jerry impales himself on a knife held by a Peter and a play in which Nick and Honey come over for drinks with George and Martha. FTP name this author of Zoo Story and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 289 ], [ 290, 336 ], [ 337, 526 ], [ 527, 596 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "Martin {Luther}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one treatise, this man proposed that Aristotle's books of Logic, Rhetoric, and Poetry be studied without notes and comments, and the Physics, the Metaphysics, Of the Soul and Ethics be abolished.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Martin_Luther", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d68f", "qanta_id": 91671, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one treatise, this man proposed that Aristotle's books of Logic, Rhetoric, and Poetry be studied without notes and comments, and the Physics, the Metaphysics, Of the Soul and Ethics be abolished. In that treatise he dismissed an arrogation of the power to call a council and stated that the temporal and spiritual estates are identical in the course of attacking the three walls of the Romanists. His opponents included Johann Eck and Johann Tetzel, a seller of indulgences. FTP, name this author of \"To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation\" who also wrote 95 Theses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 198 ], [ 199, 399 ], [ 400, 477 ], [ 478, 577 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{pragmatism}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One author discusses this position as an alternative to relativism and scientism in a work whose title labels it \"An Open Question.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pragmatism", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d69d", "qanta_id": 91685, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "One author discusses this position as an alternative to relativism and scientism in a work whose title labels it \"An Open Question.\" A collection on the \"Consequences of\" this stance includes a speech contrasting it with irrationalism and relativism. A work of this name discusses the thought experiment of a man and a squirrel circling a tree. The sequel to that work was 1909's The Meaning of Truth. An early description of this position is found in the essay \"How to Make Our Ideas Clear,\" by Peirce. FTP name this practical philosophy championed by John Dewey and William James, among others.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 250 ], [ 251, 344 ], [ 345, 401 ], [ 402, 503 ], [ 504, 596 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{black hole}s", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Some of them can have up to 29% of their energy extracted by processes operating inside the static limit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d69e", "qanta_id": 91686, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Some of them can have up to 29% of their energy extracted by processes operating inside the static limit. One such process, superradiant scattering, operates in a frequency regime given by the area theorem. They emit blackbody radiation with a temperature equal to the surface gravity over two pi, in a process involving pair production. They form above the Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, the highest possible mass for a neutron star. The Penrose process and Hawking radiation are both associated with, FTP, what class of compact objects so massive that even light cannot escape from within their event horizons?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 206 ], [ 207, 339 ], [ 339, 433 ], [ 433, 610 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Shiloh} (accept \"Pittsburg Landing\" before mentioned in question)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Confused orders during this battle resulted in one division moving in from Stony Lonesome and Crump's Landing at noon but not reaching the battlefield until 7 pm the first day.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battle_of_Shiloh", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d6a5", "qanta_id": 91693, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Confused orders during this battle resulted in one division moving in from Stony Lonesome and Crump's Landing at noon but not reaching the battlefield until 7 pm the first day. By that time, Lew Wallace's division had missed the action along Lick and Tillman Creeks, and W.H.L. Wallace's maintaining the Union position for six hours at a site nicknamed the \"Hornet's Nest.\" The death of Albert Sidney Johnston and the arrival of Union reinforcements from Buell's Army of the Ohio helped turn the tide, allowing Union forces to push the Confederates back toward Corinth, Mississippi. FTP identify this bloody April 1862 battle during which Grant managed to overcome a surprise Confederate attack in Tennessee at Pittsburg Landing.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 373 ], [ 374, 582 ], [ 583, 729 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "(specific) {heat capacity}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The virial theorem implies that this quantity must be negative for a self-gravitating system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heat_capacity", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d6bc", "qanta_id": 91716, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The virial theorem implies that this quantity must be negative for a self-gravitating system. One model for it assumes a three-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator with a characteristic frequency, and was modified to better fit the low-temperature T-cubed dependency by treating variations as phonons. At high temperatures, the models of Einstein and Debye approaches the value of three times the ideal constant given by the Dulong-Petit law. For an ideal gas, the universal constant is equal to the difference between the constant pressure and constant volume values for, FTP, this quantity defined as the amount of heat needed to change an object's temperature.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 304 ], [ 305, 445 ], [ 446, 666 ] ], "tournament": "Early Fall Tournament (EFT)", "year": 2006 }, { "answer": "{Hephaestus} (accept {Vulcan} before Lemnos)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one particular legend, this parthenogenetic god was thrown from Olympus onto the island of Lemnos after he sided with his mother in an argument against Zeus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hephaestus", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d7ea", "qanta_id": 92017, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "In one particular legend, this parthenogenetic god was thrown from Olympus onto the island of Lemnos after he sided with his mother in an argument against Zeus. Another legend, commonly depicted in Greek art, has Dionysus taking him back to Olympus intoxicated and slumped over the back of a mule. Worshipped predominantly in Athens, he managed to marry Aphrodite, despite being depicted as an animated cripple bent over an anvil. FTP, identify this Greek god of fire, known to the Romans as Vulcan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 297 ], [ 298, 430 ], [ 431, 499 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Octavio {Paz}.", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "During the Spanish Civil War he attended an anti-fascist writers' convention in Valencia, while his stays in France in the 40s and India in the 60s led him to experimentation with surrealist and Hindu styles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Octavio_Paz", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d7f6", "qanta_id": 92029, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "During the Spanish Civil War he attended an anti-fascist writers' convention in Valencia, while his stays in France in the 40s and India in the 60s led him to experimentation with surrealist and Hindu styles. He wrote essays about Duchamp and Sor Juana and his poetry includes the long work Sun Stone addressed to the planet Venus and the collection Eagle or Sun? about the Aztecs. Arguing that poetry is \"the secret religion of the modern age,\" FTP name this Mexican writer, author of The Labyrinth of Solitude and winner of 1990 Nobel Prize.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 208 ], [ 209, 381 ], [ 382, 543 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "Battles of {Saratoga}", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first battle of this name was also called the Battle of Freeman's Farm and featured British General John Burgoyne and Continental Army General Horatio Gates.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Battles_of_Saratoga", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d812", "qanta_id": 92056, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "The first battle of this name was also called the Battle of Freeman's Farm and featured British General John Burgoyne and Continental Army General Horatio Gates. The second, which was known as the Battle of Bemis Heights, occurred 18 days later when a counterattack led by Benedict Arnold forced the depleted British army to surrender to Gates. FTP, what are these Revolutionary War battles named after a New York town where American victories induced the French to offer military aid to the colonies?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 344 ], [ 345, 501 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Peter the Great} or {Peter I}.", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He established \"the Most Drunken Council of Fools and Jesters\" to antagonize the Church hierarchy and, more seriously, instituted a \"Holy Synod\" which would oversee it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_the_Great", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d821", "qanta_id": 92070, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "He established \"the Most Drunken Council of Fools and Jesters\" to antagonize the Church hierarchy and, more seriously, instituted a \"Holy Synod\" which would oversee it. He also divided his empire into eight regions, created a Senate that would rule in his absence, increased his tax base by abolishing the distinction between slave and serf, and designed the Table of Ranks to make promotion meritocratic. Furthermore, with the Treaty of Nystadt he became the victor of the Great Northern War. FTP name this man who defeated Sweden's Charles XII at the 1709 Battle of Poltava, the great Westernizing tsar of Russia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 405 ], [ 406, 493 ], [ 494, 615 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Sikh}ism.", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Recently adherents to this religion in Canada have been criticized for using tables and chairs in their temples.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d852", "qanta_id": 92118, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Recently adherents to this religion in Canada have been criticized for using tables and chairs in their temples. It emphasizes good conduct over blind ritual, prohibits idol worship, advocates a life of honest work rather than ascetiscim, and posits a single, formless deity which has many names. Believed by historians to be associated with the Bhakti movement of Hinduism and Sufi branch of Islam, its symbol is the Khandra and more strict followers abide by the five K's. Its holy book is the Adi Granth and its spiritual center is the Golden Temple in Amritsar. FTP identify this religion centered in the Punjab and founded by Guru Nanak.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 296 ], [ 297, 474 ], [ 475, 531 ], [ 532, 565 ], [ 566, 642 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Krebs cycle} or {citric acid cycle} or {tricarboxylic acid cycle} or {TCA cycle}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Three molecules of NAD-plus are reduced to NADH each time around, and two hydrogens are added to FAD in step six.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Citric_acid_cycle", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d854", "qanta_id": 92120, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Three molecules of NAD-plus are reduced to NADH each time around, and two hydrogens are added to FAD in step six. Some stages in it are succinate, fumarate, and malate, and it begins when acetyl coenzyme A is added to oxaloacetate. Taking place in the mitochondria, FTP, name this 8-step cycle of aerobic respiration analyzed by a German-born scientist in the 1930s.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 231 ], [ 232, 366 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2003 }, { "answer": "{Enthalpy}", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Measured in joules or British Thermal Units (BTUs), mathematically it is identified as U + PV, where U is internal energy, P is pressure, and V is volume.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Enthalpy", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d918", "qanta_id": 92316, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "Measured in joules or British Thermal Units (BTUs), mathematically it is identified as U + PV, where U is internal energy, P is pressure, and V is volume. In a simple temperature change, the change in this quantity with each degree is the heat capacity of the system at constant pressure, while in a phase change, the change in the system is the latent heat of vaporization. For ten points, what is the term for the amount of energy possessed by a thermodynamic system for transfer between itself and its environment, often expressed with a capital \"H\"?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 374 ], [ 375, 553 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Jorge Luis {Borges}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "As a young man he and a group of friends interested in avant-garde poetry initiated a literary movement known as Ultraismo and began publishing the journal Proa.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jorge_Luis_Borges", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d91f", "qanta_id": 92323, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "As a young man he and a group of friends interested in avant-garde poetry initiated a literary movement known as Ultraismo and began publishing the journal Proa. Despite his great accomplishments as a poet, however, his international reputation rests on his short stories. In his first collection, A Universal History of Infamy, he reworked old plots and developed some of the main features of his concise style. In Dreamtigers and The Book of Imaginary Beings he further developed the terseness of his prose. In 1961, at the invitation of the University of Texas, he lectured on Argentine literature, and commented on his collection El Aleph. FTP name this great man of letters most well known for his collection Ficciones.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 272 ], [ 273, 412 ], [ 413, 509 ], [ 510, 643 ], [ 644, 724 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "David Herbert {Lawrence}", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "After being expelled from Cornwall in 1917, he traveled abroad, writing travel books like Etruscan Places and Sea and Sardinia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "D._H._Lawrence", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d965", "qanta_id": 92393, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "After being expelled from Cornwall in 1917, he traveled abroad, writing travel books like Etruscan Places and Sea and Sardinia. While in Italy, he wrote The Lost Girl and Mr. Noon; in Australia he wrote Kangaroo; and his time in Mexico inspired The Plumed Serpent. Today, his ashes are buried in Taos, New Mexico. FTP name the British writer, best known for Aaron's Rod, The Rainbow, and Sons and Lovers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 264 ], [ 265, 313 ], [ 314, 404 ] ], "tournament": "Virginia Wahoo War", "year": 1998 }, { "answer": "Felix {Mendelssohn}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This composer's third symphony eschews movement breaks and contains a chromatic wave played by the strings in the coda.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Felix_Mendelssohn", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d988", "qanta_id": 92428, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This composer's third symphony eschews movement breaks and contains a chromatic wave played by the strings in the coda. He helped rehabilitate Bach's legacy with his 1829 performance of the St. Matthew's Passion. This man composed the Elijah and Paulus oratorios. A famous trumpet fanfare opens the \"Wedding March\" from his incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream. For 10 points, name this German composer of the Hebrides Overture and the Scottish Symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 212 ], [ 213, 263 ], [ 264, 371 ], [ 372, 464 ] ], "tournament": "VETO", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gottfried Wilhelm {Leibniz}", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man argued for the reducibility of reasoning in his De Arte Combinatoria, and he argued that all movement was a byproduct of God in Hypothesis Physica Nova.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz", "proto_id": "5476daa0ea23cca90551d989", "qanta_id": 92429, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": null, "text": "This man argued for the reducibility of reasoning in his De Arte Combinatoria, and he argued that all movement was a byproduct of God in Hypothesis Physica Nova. He refuted the Cartesian view of matter by stating that only beings that can perform action can count as a substance. Voltaire lampooned this man's theory of optimism that this was the best of all possible worlds. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who wrote of monads in Theodicee and who also co-discovered Calculus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 279 ], [ 280, 375 ], [ 376, 489 ] ], "tournament": "VETO", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Sri Lanka [or Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka; or Ceylon; or Sri Lamkava; or Ilankai]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Because of its extreme nepotism, a rightist political party in this country was derisively nicknamed the \"Uncle Nephew Party.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sri_Lanka", "proto_id": "55414822ea23cc9417e9b972", "qanta_id": 92865, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Because of its extreme nepotism, a rightist political party in this country was derisively nicknamed the \"Uncle Nephew Party.\" The recommendations of the Soulbury Commission formed the basis of this country's constitution, which was further amended by the lawyer Colvin R. de Silva. The first post-independence leader of this country undertook a massive hydroelectric power development scheme on the Gal Oya preserve. A pogrom on Black (*) July led to a full-scale outbreak of civil war in this country. The JVP communist party in this country launched a daring 1989 raid on a temple housing a tooth relic. After a disgruntled monk fired at a revolver at this country's prime minister S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, his widow Sirimavo became the world's first female head of government. A terrorist organization known for its signature use of female suicide bombers was founded in this country by Velupillai Prabhakaran. For 10 points, name this island country whose native Sinhalese population was terrorized by the Tamil Tigers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 125, 282 ], [ 283, 417 ], [ 418, 503 ], [ 504, 606 ], [ 607, 693 ], [ 694, 778 ], [ 779, 912 ], [ 913, 1022 ] ], "tournament": "George Oppen", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Don Quixote", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A non-title character from this ballet was one of the most popular roles of the Argentine bombshell Julio Bocca.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "55414827ea23cc9417e9b9ca", "qanta_id": 92953, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A non-title character from this ballet was one of the most popular roles of the Argentine bombshell Julio Bocca. This ballet contains a dream sequence in which the title character murders a gigantic spider, causing its web to transform into a magical garden. A completely unfaithful adaptation of this ballet, with music by Vladimir Nabokov's cousin Nicolas, starred Suzanne Farrell and George Balanchine in the lead roles. A new character called the Dryad Queen was added in a revival of this ballet by Alexander Gorsky, who spliced in the \"Grand pas de (*) toreadors\" from the choreographer's later ballet Zoraiya. The final scene of this ballet includes a grand pas de deux danced by the innkeeper's daughter Kitri and her barber lover Basilio, or Basil. Act II, Scene II of this ballet consists of the protagonist intimidating gypsies at a marionette theater performance, followed by him tilting at some windmills. For 10 points, name this collaboration between composer Ludwig Minkus and choreographer Marius Petipa, a ballet based on a Cervantes novel", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 258 ], [ 259, 423 ], [ 424, 616 ], [ 617, 757 ], [ 758, 918 ], [ 919, 1057 ] ], "tournament": "George Oppen", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Robert Schumann", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A piano imitates hunting-horns well into the postlude in a piece by this composer depicting a man's walk through a forest and encounter with an evil maiden.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Schumann", "proto_id": "5541482bea23cc9417e9ba05", "qanta_id": 93012, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "A piano imitates hunting-horns well into the postlude in a piece by this composer depicting a man's walk through a forest and encounter with an evil maiden. This composer incorporated the Marseillaise in his depiction of the death of a French grenadier in one of his songs. This composer had the right hand imitate Bach counterpoint while the left hand imitates three bells, in a song about the reflection of a cathedral in water. This composer wrote twenty-six songs, one for each letter of the alphabet, in his collection (*) Myrtles. In 1840, known as this composer's \"year of song,\" he published a setting of Adalbert de Chamisso's A Woman's Love and Life, and set several poems by Joseph Eichendorff in his op. 39 Liederkreis. This composer's choral masterwork is a collection that ends with the poet declaring that he will put his suffering, love, dreams, and bad poems in a huge coffin and cast it out to sea. For 10 points, name this composer who adapted Heinrich Heine's Lyrical Intermezzo in his collection Dichterliebe, and dedicated Myrtles to his wife Clara Wieck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 273 ], [ 274, 430 ], [ 431, 536 ], [ 537, 715 ], [ 716, 731 ], [ 732, 916 ], [ 917, 1077 ] ], "tournament": "George Oppen", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Igor Stravinsky [or Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A trombone quartet alternates playing with a string quartet in the \"Prelude\" and \"Postlude\" of a composition this man wrote late in his career in memory of a dead author.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Igor_Stravinsky", "proto_id": "5541482eea23cc9417e9ba3d", "qanta_id": 93068, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "A trombone quartet alternates playing with a string quartet in the \"Prelude\" and \"Postlude\" of a composition this man wrote late in his career in memory of a dead author. This non-Beethoven composer incorporated variations in the form of a march, a waltz, a cancan, and a fugato in 5/8 time, in the second movement of his Octet, scored only for brass and woodwind instruments. An extended chorale composed in memory of the deceased Claude Debussy concludes this composer's one-movement (*) Symphonies of Wind Instruments. The horn plays a glissando at the start of the \"Finale\" replete with passages in 7/4 time in a suite by this composer, which follows a bassoon-introduced \"Berceuse.\" Two clarinets play the first instance of a recurring dissonant C major and F sharp major \"chord\" in a composition by this man which begins at the Shrovetide Fair. This composer called for a bassoon solo in a very high register at the start of a ballet with a riotous 1913 premiere. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Rite of Spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 376 ], [ 377, 521 ], [ 522, 687 ], [ 688, 850 ], [ 851, 969 ], [ 970, 1034 ] ], "tournament": "George Oppen", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Gilgamesh", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one story, this character uses his mighty battleaxe to kill a snake \"who knows no charm\" and frightens the Anzu-bird and the \"maid of desolation,\" Lilit, out of a huluppu-tree.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gilgamesh", "proto_id": "58b0b7a370b915409571732f", "qanta_id": 93508, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In one story, this character uses his mighty battleaxe to kill a snake \"who knows no charm\" and frightens the Anzu-bird and the \"maid of desolation,\" Lilit, out of a huluppu-tree. He has a dream in which he feels a strong sexual attraction to an immovable rock that falls from the heavens, symbolizing the coming of his companion, who helps him defeat the guardian of the Cedar Forest. Later, this son of Ninsun encounters the ale-wife Siduri and the boatman Urshanabi during his quest for immortality. FTP, name this Sumerian king of Uruk, the hero of the earliest extant epic.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 179 ], [ 180, 385 ], [ 386, 502 ], [ 503, 578 ] ], "tournament": "Teitler Myth Singles", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Freya", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Her daughter was Hnoss, and her mother was sometimes said to be Nerthus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Freyja", "proto_id": "58b0b7a470b915409571733e", "qanta_id": 93523, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "Her daughter was Hnoss, and her mother was sometimes said to be Nerthus. While searching for her husband, who went on long journeys, she wept tears of red gold. She loaned one of her possessions to Loki for a mission to rescue Idunn, and another item to Thor for a mission to rescue Mjollnir after it had been stolen by Thrym, who demanded her hand in marriage. She could transform into a falcon with her cloak, but she generally traveled in a chariot pulled by two cats. Accused by Loki of sleeping with every god in Asgard and every elf in Alfheim, FTP name this sexy Vanir love-goddess, the daughter of Njord.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 160 ], [ 161, 361 ], [ 362, 471 ], [ 472, 612 ] ], "tournament": "Teitler Myth Singles", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Heimdall or Gullintani (accept Rig until Rigsthula is mentioned; prompt afterwards)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one story, he takes the form of a seal to retrieve the stolen necklace of the Brisings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heimdallr", "proto_id": "58b0b7a470b915409571734c", "qanta_id": 93537, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In one story, he takes the form of a seal to retrieve the stolen necklace of the Brisings. The giant Eggther holds a similar job to this god, who makes frequent use of an item buried under the third root of Yggdrasil. He has one son each by Amma, Mothir and Edda in the Rigsthula, those sons being Karl, Jarl and Thrall. He is sometimes identified as the son of Aegir's nine daughters, and it is said that he needs less sleep than a bird and can hear the wool growing on sheep. Charged with blowing the horn Gjall at Ragnarok, FTP name this watchman of the Aesir.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 217 ], [ 218, 320 ], [ 321, 477 ], [ 478, 563 ] ], "tournament": "Teitler Myth Singles", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Anubis", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This god, whose role was similar to that of Wepwawet, appears briefly in The Golden Ass, where he is described as a \"messenger between heaven and hell, displaying alternately a face black as night and golden as day.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anubis", "proto_id": "58b0b7a470b915409571734e", "qanta_id": 93539, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This god, whose role was similar to that of Wepwawet, appears briefly in The Golden Ass, where he is described as a \"messenger between heaven and hell, displaying alternately a face black as night and golden as day.\" In one story, when Set disguised himself as a leopard, this god seized Set and branded him all over with a hot iron, then flayed him and wore his skin. He was sometimes considered the illegitimate son of Osiris by Nephthys, and he assisted Isis in her quest to find and embalm the body of Osiris. FTP, name this funerary deity with the head of a black dog or jackal.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 215 ], [ 215, 216 ], [ 217, 368 ], [ 369, 513 ], [ 514, 583 ] ], "tournament": "Teitler Myth Singles", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "dragons", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one story, one of these creatures utters a terrible scream each Mayday, causing miscarriages and spreading barrennness over an entire island.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dragon", "proto_id": "58b0b7a570b9154095717390", "qanta_id": 93605, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In one story, one of these creatures utters a terrible scream each Mayday, causing miscarriages and spreading barrennness over an entire island. In that story, Lleuelys advises Llud to use a vatful of good mead covered by silk to capture two of these creatures in the form of two piglets. Those two creatures were later responsible for the subsidence of a hill in Snowdonia, confounding the construction of a stronghold for Vortigern. Another one, which began ravaging the countryside after a serving-man stole a cup from it while it was sleeping, was killed with the help of Wiglaf. Beowulf was killed by, FTP, what type of creature mentioned in the title of Uther?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 288 ], [ 289, 434 ], [ 435, 583 ], [ 584, 666 ] ], "tournament": "Teitler Myth Singles", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Finn MacCool or Finn mac Cumaill (accept Deimne before mention in the question)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His grandfathers were Tadg of the Luminous Side and Tr\u00e9nm\u00f3r.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fionn_mac_Cumhaill", "proto_id": "58b0b7a570b9154095717397", "qanta_id": 93612, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "His grandfathers were Tadg of the Luminous Side and Tr\u00e9nm\u00f3r. He received a second name from Conn of the Hundred Battles after being known as Deimne in his childhood. As an older man, he was promised the hand of Gr\u00e1inne, but she ran off with one of the warriors under his command. He was reared in the forest of Sliab Bladma by the Grey One of Luachra and his aunt Bodhmall after his father was killed by Goll Mac Morna. In later life, he was able to find the answers to many questions by chewing his thumb, which he burned cooking a magic fish. FTP, name this Irish hero who gained wisdom from the Salmon of Knowledge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 60 ], [ 61, 165 ], [ 166, 279 ], [ 280, 419 ], [ 420, 544 ], [ 545, 618 ] ], "tournament": "Teitler Myth Singles", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Zeus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A king of Elis tried to imitate this character by dragging hide-bound brazen cauldrons behind his chariot and hurling oaken torches in the air.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zeus", "proto_id": "58b0b7a570b91540957173ac", "qanta_id": 93633, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "A king of Elis tried to imitate this character by dragging hide-bound brazen cauldrons behind his chariot and hurling oaken torches in the air. One of this character's sons offered him a sacrifice as \"the Averter of Flies\" at the founding of the Olympic Games. He once had all his sinews ripped out, placed in a bag, and put under the guardianship of the monstrous Delphyne. As an infant, he was placed in a cradle and the sounds of his wailing were drowned out by the spear-clashing Curetes, so that his father would not devour him. FTP, name this father of Perseus and Heracles, the leader of the Greek gods.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 260 ], [ 261, 374 ], [ 375, 533 ], [ 534, 610 ] ], "tournament": "Teitler Myth Singles", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Hades", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "His herdsman Menoetes, or Menoetius, the son of Ceuthonymus, lost a wrestling match to Heracles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hades", "proto_id": "58b0b7a670b91540957173ed", "qanta_id": 93698, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "His herdsman Menoetes, or Menoetius, the son of Ceuthonymus, lost a wrestling match to Heracles. He was interrupted before he could seduce the nymph Minthe, whom he dazzled with his chariot and horses. According to some accounts, his brother fathered Zagreus on this character's eventual wife. During the Titanomachy, he snuck by Cronus to steal Cronus's weapons. His palace lies on the far side of the Asphodel Fields, where only Orion still has the heart to hunt the ghostly deer. FTP, name this god who owns all the gems and precious metals hidden underground, the Greek god of the dead.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 201 ], [ 202, 293 ], [ 294, 363 ], [ 364, 482 ], [ 483, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Teitler Myth Singles", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Vishnu", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "He assumed the guise of the beautiful girl Mohini following the churning of the oceans and tricked the demons out of their share of amrita.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vishnu", "proto_id": "58b0b7a770b9154095717412", "qanta_id": 93735, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "He assumed the guise of the beautiful girl Mohini following the churning of the oceans and tricked the demons out of their share of amrita. His devotees included Prahlada, and he eventually killed Prahlada's father Hiranyakasipu, stepping out of a pillar in the form of a half-man, half-lion. In the Vedas, he measures out the earth and heavens in three steps, a theme repeated in his incarnation as the dwarf Vamana. FTP, name this god whose ten avatars include Khalki and Buddha, known as the preserver.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 292 ], [ 293, 417 ], [ 418, 505 ] ], "tournament": "Teitler Myth Singles", "year": 2005 }, { "answer": "Henry VIII [prompt on Henry]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This king's success at the Battle of Spurs during the War of the League of Cambrai led his brother in law James IV of Scotland to invade, only to be defeated at Flodden Field.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henry_VIII_of_England", "proto_id": "58b0b7aa70b9154095717439", "qanta_id": 93774, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This king's success at the Battle of Spurs during the War of the League of Cambrai led his brother in law James IV of Scotland to invade, only to be defeated at Flodden Field. This man met with Francis I at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, which accomplished nothing as his minister Cardinal Wolsey declared war on France soon after. He removed Wolsey from power after failing to receive an annulment with his wife, Catherine of Aragon. For 10 points, name this Tudor Monarch from 1509 to 1547 who had six wives.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 332 ], [ 333, 435 ], [ 436, 511 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The effect in which a suddenly magnetized iron bar rotates in the opposite direction of an applied current is named after de Haas and this man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Einstein", "proto_id": "58b0b7aa70b915409571743a", "qanta_id": 93775, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The effect in which a suddenly magnetized iron bar rotates in the opposite direction of an applied current is named after de Haas and this man. This man introduced the idea of stimulated emission while proving Planck's radiation equation. He also developed the equivalence principle and postulated that the speed of light is the same in all reference frames, and his paper \"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies\" introduced special relativity. For 10 points, name this man who won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 238 ], [ 239, 445 ], [ 446, 563 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Francisco Jose de Goya y Lucientes", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted a woman in a black dress and a red belt pointing one finger downward in his portrait of the Duchess of Alba.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Francisco_Goya", "proto_id": "58b0b7aa70b915409571743b", "qanta_id": 93776, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This artist depicted a woman in a black dress and a red belt pointing one finger downward in his portrait of the Duchess of Alba. He depicted a desperate looking long haired, bug-eyed god getting ready to eat a child's arm from its socket in Saturn Devouring His Son, one of this artist's Black Paintings. Following controversy in his native country, he painted a clothed version of La Maja Desnuda. Another of his paintings depicts a line of French soldiers on the right shooting prisoners on a certain date. For 10 points, identify this Spanish painter of Third of May, 1808.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 305 ], [ 306, 399 ], [ 400, 509 ], [ 510, 577 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "John Keats", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One poem by this man includes the phrase \"Knowledge overwhelming makes a God of me!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Keats", "proto_id": "58b0b7aa70b915409571743c", "qanta_id": 93777, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One poem by this man includes the phrase \"Knowledge overwhelming makes a God of me!\" and refers to the title sun titan's ascent to godhood. In addition to \"Hyperion\", this poet wrote a poem which describes the courtship of Porphyro for Madeleine on the title night. Besides \"The Eve of St. Agnes,\" this poet asked \"Ah, what can woe thee, wretched wight\" in a poem about a woman who \"takes [the speaker] to her elvin grot.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"La Belle Dame Sans Merci\" who wrote \"beauty is truth; truth beauty\" in \"Ode on a Grecian Urn.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 139 ], [ 140, 265 ], [ 266, 422 ], [ 423, 551 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "weak nuclear force", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Its strength is proportional to the sine squared of a mixing angle, and it violates CPT symmetry.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Weak_interaction", "proto_id": "58b0b7aa70b9154095717456", "qanta_id": 93803, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Its strength is proportional to the sine squared of a mixing angle, and it violates CPT symmetry. Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer won the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics for helping discover the particles that carry this force, the W and Z bosons. It is responsible for beta decay, and Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg unified it with the electromagnetic force. For 10 points, name this fundamental force, which is not as strong as the strong force.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 247 ], [ 248, 357 ], [ 358, 445 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "the War of 1812", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this war, a warning by Laura Secord enabled Lieutenant FitzGibbon to win the Battle of Beaver Dams, and in its early stages, General Isaac Brock captured Fort Detroit, only to be killed leading a charge in the Battle of Queenston Heights.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_1812", "proto_id": "58b0b7aa70b915409571745f", "qanta_id": 93812, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In this war, a warning by Laura Secord enabled Lieutenant FitzGibbon to win the Battle of Beaver Dams, and in its early stages, General Isaac Brock captured Fort Detroit, only to be killed leading a charge in the Battle of Queenston Heights. Tecumseh was killed during Battle of the Thames, and this war caused talk of secession at the Hartford Convention. It was supported by the War Hawks, and this war saw the burning of the District of Columbia. For 10 points, name this war nicknamed \"Mr. Madison's War,\" formally named for the year in which it started.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 241 ], [ 242, 356 ], [ 357, 449 ], [ 450, 558 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "One Thousand and One Nights [or The Arabian Nights' Entertainments]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work includes stories about a hunchback who chokes on a fish bone during a dinner with a tailor and a fisherman who draws a donkey from the sea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Thousand_and_One_Nights", "proto_id": "58b0b7aa70b9154095717461", "qanta_id": 93814, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This work includes stories about a hunchback who chokes on a fish bone during a dinner with a tailor and a fisherman who draws a donkey from the sea. In another of its stories, the former slave girl Morgiana kills a man masquerading as an important guest. It describes a character who battles with the Old Man of the Sea during his seven voyages, and its frame story reveals that it is narrated by the sister of Dunayazad, Scheherezade. Containing stories about Sinbad, as well as \"Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves,\" for 10 points, name this collection of Middle Eastern tales.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 255 ], [ 256, 436 ], [ 437, 575 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "China", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One writer from this country wrote The Other Shore and One Man's Bible.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "58b0b7ab70b915409571747b", "qanta_id": 93840, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One writer from this country wrote The Other Shore and One Man's Bible. In a novel from this country, Sandy and Pigsy accompany Aware-of-Vacuity, the Monkey King, on a mission to retrieve some scriptures. A block of jade descends from heaven to start the events of another novel from this country. In addition to Journey to the West and The Dream of the Red Chamber, its literature includes the story of Wei, Wu, and Shu fighting for prominence, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. For 10 points, name this country, home to such authors as Lu Xun and Du Fu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 71 ], [ 72, 204 ], [ 205, 297 ], [ 298, 480 ], [ 481, 556 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Thebes", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "According to Apollodorus, the first king of this city and his goddess-wife turned into dragons after conquering Illyria.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thebes,_Greece", "proto_id": "58b0b7ab70b9154095717495", "qanta_id": 93866, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "According to Apollodorus, the first king of this city and his goddess-wife turned into dragons after conquering Illyria. One myth holds that the first king of this city had a daughter named Agave who gored her son Pentheus to death during a Dionysiac festival. This city was punished after the young boy Chrysippus was raped by its king, Laius. Argive commanders join Polynices in battle against this city's leader Eteocles, the son of Oedipus, in an Aeschylus play about \"Seven Against\" this city. For 10 points, name this Greek city founded by Cadmus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 260 ], [ 261, 344 ], [ 345, 498 ], [ 499, 553 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Winston Churchill", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Works by this man include The Story of the Malakand Field Force, which was derived from his service in India, and The River War.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Winston_Churchill", "proto_id": "58b0b7ab70b9154095717498", "qanta_id": 93869, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Works by this man include The Story of the Malakand Field Force, which was derived from his service in India, and The River War. He lost his admiralty post due to his championing of the disastrous Dardanelles expedition during World War I, and as Colonial Secretary, he negotiated the treaty that created the Irish Free State. For 10 points, name this man whose 1946 speech in Fulton, Missouri warned against the Soviet Iron Curtain and who, as Prime Minister, rallied the British against Nazi Germany during World War II.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 326 ], [ 327, 522 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "halogens [or Group 7A; or Group 17]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a namesake reaction, some of them can react with the bases of methyl ketones to create carboxylic acids.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Halogen", "proto_id": "58b0b7ac70b91540957174af", "qanta_id": 93892, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In a namesake reaction, some of them can react with the bases of methyl ketones to create carboxylic acids. The heaviest example is the rarest naturally occurring element on Earth, and the deficiency of another member is often the cause of a goiter. Normally featuring odd-numbered oxidation states, these elements all have an outer shell electron configuration of ns 2 np 5 (N S 2 N P 5). For 10 points, name these elements that lack one electron in their outer shell, examples of which include bromine, chlorine, and fluorine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 249 ], [ 250, 389 ], [ 390, 528 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "John Coltrane [or Trane]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This jazz performer's first recorded solo is on the Dizzie Gillespie track \"We Love to Boogie,\" and his avant-garde recordings near the end of his career include Intertsellar Space and Stellar Regions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Coltrane", "proto_id": "58b0b7ac70b91540957174b7", "qanta_id": 93900, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This jazz performer's first recorded solo is on the Dizzie Gillespie track \"We Love to Boogie,\" and his avant-garde recordings near the end of his career include Intertsellar Space and Stellar Regions. This man, who recorded Impressions, was part of Miles Davis' first great quintet, and developed his fast \"sheets of sound\" technique on recordings like My Favorite Things. His first album of original recordings was Giant Steps. For ten points, identify this jazz saxophone player of A Love Supreme.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 201 ], [ 202, 373 ], [ 374, 429 ], [ 430, 500 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Victor-Marie Hugo", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his verse plays, Puritans and Cavaliers attempt to assassinate the title Lord Protector of England, Cromwell.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Victor_Hugo", "proto_id": "58b0b7ac70b91540957174c8", "qanta_id": 93917, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In one of his verse plays, Puritans and Cavaliers attempt to assassinate the title Lord Protector of England, Cromwell. Another of his plays focuses on the suitors of Dona Sol, which include Don Carlos and his brother, the title figure. In addition to Hernani, one of his novels is partially set in the Revolt of 1840, and involves the lover of Marius and daughter of Fantine, Cosette, who is cared for by a bread thief chased by Javert. The creator of Jean Valjean, as well as Quasimodo, for 10 points, name this author of Les Miserables and The Hunchback of Notre Dame.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 236 ], [ 237, 437 ], [ 438, 571 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The Raft of the Medusa", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this painting, a man with curly grey hair covered by a red cloak stares to the left, in front of a man holding his head in his hands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Raft_of_the_Medusa", "proto_id": "58b0b7ac70b91540957174cc", "qanta_id": 93921, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In this painting, a man with curly grey hair covered by a red cloak stares to the left, in front of a man holding his head in his hands. A hatchet lies in the foreground of this painting, which depicts a pyramid of bodies to the right of a single billowing sail. Its most dramatic figure may be a shirtless man standing on a barrel waving a shirt at a distant ship. For 10 points, name this painting of the survivors of a shipwreck, by Theodore Gericault.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 262 ], [ 263, 365 ], [ 366, 455 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Richard Strauss", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this composer's operas, the noisy singer Aminta marries Sir Morosus, who cannot stand any sound.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Strauss", "proto_id": "58b0b7ac70b91540957174d1", "qanta_id": 93926, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In one of this composer's operas, the noisy singer Aminta marries Sir Morosus, who cannot stand any sound. In addition to The Silent Woman, he wrote an opera about Matteo's efforts to woo Arabella, as well as The Egyptian Helen and Elektra. In another of his operas, Baron Ochs sends Octavian to present a silver rose to Sophie. The title character of another of his operas performs the Dance of the Seven Veils for Herodias while carrying John the Baptist's head on a platter. For 10 points, name this composer of Der Rosenkavalier, Salome, and Also Sprach Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 240 ], [ 241, 328 ], [ 329, 477 ], [ 478, 570 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "One Hundred Years of Solitude [or Cien Anos de Soledad]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, Don Crespi unsuccessfully introduces the cinema.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "proto_id": "58b0b7ac70b91540957174d2", "qanta_id": 93927, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In this novel, Don Crespi unsuccessfully introduces the cinema. One character in this novel spends his time crafting intricate golden fish, while another character perishes because of too much loneliness. Pilar Ternera is an intimate acquaintance of many of the men in this novel, and it opens by mentioning one character's execution by a firing squad. This novel is set in Macondo and features characters from the Beundia family like Jose Arcadio and Aureliano. For 10 points, identify this novel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 204 ], [ 205, 352 ], [ 353, 462 ], [ 463, 524 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Edward Estlin Cummings", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote that \"electrons deify one razorblade into a mountain range\" in \"Pity this Busy Monster, Manunkind,\" while he remembered a pacifist who had entered army training with him in \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "E._E._Cummings", "proto_id": "58b0b7ac70b91540957174d4", "qanta_id": 93929, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This poet wrote that \"electrons deify one razorblade into a mountain range\" in \"Pity this Busy Monster, Manunkind,\" while he remembered a pacifist who had entered army training with him in \"I Sing of Olaf, Glad and Big.\" He also wrote of a place \"with up so floating many bells down\" where the title character \"danced his did\" in the poem \"Anyone lived in a pretty how town,\" and about a prison in his novel based on Pilgrim's Progress, The Enormous Room. For 10 points, name this American author who used creative capitalization in his poems.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 190, 220 ], [ 221, 455 ], [ 456, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "\"Dover Beach\"", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The narrator of this poem says the world \"seems to lie before us like a land of dreams\" and claims that the \"turbid ebb and flow of human misery\" was brought to mind when \"Sophocles long ago, heard it on the Aegean.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dover_Beach", "proto_id": "58b0b7ac70b91540957174d8", "qanta_id": 93933, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The narrator of this poem says the world \"seems to lie before us like a land of dreams\" and claims that the \"turbid ebb and flow of human misery\" was brought to mind when \"Sophocles long ago, heard it on the Aegean.\" Beginning with \"the sea is calm tonight,\" it goes on to describe the setting as a \"distant northern sea.\" For 10 points, name this poem which ends by describing a \"darkling plain / Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, / Where ignorant armies clash by night,\" written by Matthew Arnold.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 215 ], [ 215, 322 ], [ 323, 516 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Peter Paul Rubens [accept The Hippopotamus Hunt before it is read]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Three men on horseback with spears attack the title creature, which stands on top of an alligator, in this artist's painting The Hippopotamus Hunt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_Paul_Rubens", "proto_id": "58b0b7ad70b9154095717501", "qanta_id": 93974, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Three men on horseback with spears attack the title creature, which stands on top of an alligator, in this artist's painting The Hippopotamus Hunt. He painted a triptych including The Elevation of the Cross and The Descent of the Cross, and he taught Anthony van Dyck. His two versions of the Massacre of the Innocents were identified due to similarities to his painting of a strongman asleep in a woman's lap as a man perches over him with scissors, Samson and Delilah. For 10 points, identify this Baroque Flemish artist who painted many large, fleshy nudes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 268 ], [ 269, 470 ], [ 471, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Madagascar", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The volcanic Ankaratra Massif lies in its center, and this nation's Great Cliff of Angavo is bordered by the Betsimisaraka Escarpment.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madagascar", "proto_id": "58b0b7ad70b915409571751d", "qanta_id": 94002, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The volcanic Ankaratra Massif lies in its center, and this nation's Great Cliff of Angavo is bordered by the Betsimisaraka Escarpment. The Mandrare, Mananara, and Ivondro rivers are located in this nation, and its largest port is Toamasina. Lake Alaotra is its largest lake, its highest peak is Maromokotro, and the coelacanth (SEEL-uh-canth) lives off its shores. This country's largest ethnic group is the Merina, and this former colony of France is located on the east of the Mozambique Channel. For 10 points, name this African island nation, with its capital at Antananarivo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 240 ], [ 241, 364 ], [ 365, 498 ], [ 499, 580 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Sweden", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One novel written by a native of this country focuses on a retired public school teacher living in Vastmanland and is entitled Death of a Beekeeper.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sweden", "proto_id": "58b0b7ad70b915409571751f", "qanta_id": 94004, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One novel written by a native of this country focuses on a retired public school teacher living in Vastmanland and is entitled Death of a Beekeeper. An author from this country wrote about the twenty- six inch tall strangler of Jehosaphat in The Dwarf, and penned a novel set after the crucifixion of Jesus, Barabbas. This country is home to the playwright of The Ghost Sonata and Miss Julie, as well as Lars Gustaffson, Selma Lagerlof, and Par Lagerkvist. For 10 points, name this home country of August Strindberg, where the Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded in Stockholm.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 317 ], [ 318, 456 ], [ 457, 577 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "esters", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This functional group is produced in a condensation reaction which sees the addition of an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a strong acid which is sometimes named for Speier.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ester", "proto_id": "58b0b7ae70b9154095717545", "qanta_id": 94042, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This functional group is produced in a condensation reaction which sees the addition of an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a strong acid which is sometimes named for Speier. This type of compound is broken down by water in a reaction catalyzed by bases, the saponification reaction, and three of them are found on a glycerol backbone in fats. Consisting of a two R groups bonded to a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to another oxygen, for 10 points, name this class of fruity smelling organic compounds.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 359 ], [ 360, 540 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Sikhism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This religion's prayers are called \"ardas\", and its practitioners are required to have a positive attitude called \"Chardi Kalah.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "58b0b7ae70b9154095717550", "qanta_id": 94053, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This religion's prayers are called \"ardas\", and its practitioners are required to have a positive attitude called \"Chardi Kalah.\" A khanda is used to stir the amrit that is consumed during initiation into this religion and its members wear a kangha in their kesha and carry a ceremonial dagger called the kirpan, which are a part of the Five Ks. This religion's sacred text is called the Adi Granth, and is regarded as its current Guru after the death of Guru Gobind Singh. For 10 points, identify this religion, which was founded in the Punjab by Guru Nanak.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 128, 345 ], [ 346, 473 ], [ 474, 559 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 1", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of the protagonist's only friends in childhood is the gamekeeper Black George, and he is tutored by the constantly arguing pair of Mr. Square and Mr. Thwackum.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_History_of_Tom_Jones,_a_Foundling", "proto_id": "58b0b7af70b9154095717574", "qanta_id": 94089, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One of the protagonist's only friends in childhood is the gamekeeper Black George, and he is tutored by the constantly arguing pair of Mr. Square and Mr. Thwackum. The protagonist of this novel has an affair with Mrs. Waters, who used to be the servant Jenny Jones, and was paid off by Bridgit Blifil, the title character's true mother. Through his good deeds, the protagonist secures the love of Sophia Western and becomes the heir of his foster father Squire Allworthy, who had discovered him as a foundling. For 10 points, name this novel by Henry Fielding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 336 ], [ 337, 510 ], [ 511, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Sophocles", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's plays, Neoptolemus and Odysseus try to bring the title character and the bow of Heracles back to the Trojan War and the title character of another play is angered at not receiving Achilles's armor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sophocles", "proto_id": "58b0b7af70b915409571757b", "qanta_id": 94096, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In one of this man's plays, Neoptolemus and Odysseus try to bring the title character and the bow of Heracles back to the Trojan War and the title character of another play is angered at not receiving Achilles's armor. In addition to Philoctetes and Ajax, this man wrote a play about the daughter of Agamemnon and a trilogy of Theban plays that ends at Colonus. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek playwright who wrote tragedies about Antigone and her father Oedipus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 218 ], [ 219, 361 ], [ 362, 470 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Leonard Euler", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Differential equations of the form x squared y double prime plus b x y prime plus c y equals zero are named after Cauchy and this man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonhard_Euler", "proto_id": "58b0b7af70b9154095717589", "qanta_id": 94110, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Differential equations of the form x squared y double prime plus b x y prime plus c y equals zero are named after Cauchy and this man. All polyhedrons are defined as having a characteristic named after this man equal to two, and a line named after him contains the orthocenter, circumcenter, and centroid of a triangle. This man's formula is often used in conjunction with De Moivre's Theorem and states that cos x equals e to the i x. For 10 points, name this Swiss mathematician who lends his name to that transcendental constant, e.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 319 ], [ 320, 435 ], [ 436, 535 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Portugal", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation concluded a treaty with envoy John Methuen in 1703 that became the basis for its trade with England.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Portugal", "proto_id": "58b0b7af70b915409571758b", "qanta_id": 94112, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This nation concluded a treaty with envoy John Methuen in 1703 that became the basis for its trade with England. The War of the Two Brothers in this nation led to the exile of Prince Michael, and Amnesty International was formed in response to the actions of this nation's dictator Antonio Salazar. This country decolonized Cape Verde and Mozambique in 1975, and its ruling houses included the Aviz and Braganzas. For 10 points, name this Iberian nation, the home of Prince Henry the Navigator.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 298 ], [ 299, 413 ], [ 414, 494 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "four", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Research by Marie Dacke has indicated that honeybees can count up to this number, and a theorem named for this number was proven by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "4", "proto_id": "58b0b7af70b915409571758e", "qanta_id": 94115, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Research by Marie Dacke has indicated that honeybees can count up to this number, and a theorem named for this number was proven by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken. The number of moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo is equal to this number, and the chemical element with this atomic number is beryllium. For 10 points, name this number that is shared by the number of phenotypes in the ABO blood system, the number of mammalian heart chambers, and the number of sides on a trapezoid.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 306 ], [ 307, 486 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Margaret Mead [prompt on Makelita]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "She wrote, \"Yet am I somewhat greedy when I pray/To some far wood along my sun-pressed way\" in the poem \"Traveler's Faith.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Mead", "proto_id": "58b0b7af70b9154095717591", "qanta_id": 94118, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "She wrote, \"Yet am I somewhat greedy when I pray/To some far wood along my sun-pressed way\" in the poem \"Traveler's Faith.\" Her second husband published a book on the religion of the island of Manus; she herself collected over 35,000 drawings from the children of Manus, which she used in the book Growing Up in New Guinea. A more famous work derived from her stay on Ta'u, during which she studied 68 girls in three villages on that Pacific island. For 10 points, name this anthropologist, the author of Coming of Age in Samoa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 122, 123 ], [ 124, 323 ], [ 324, 449 ], [ 450, 528 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian Bach", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He presented a six part ricercare and trio sonata as part of his Musical Offering based on the King of Prussia's theme.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "58b0b7af70b9154095717595", "qanta_id": 94122, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "He presented a six part ricercare and trio sonata as part of his Musical Offering based on the King of Prussia's theme. Another late work of his consists of fourteen contrapuncti including a Canon at the Octave. The works of this composer of the Coffee Cantata were revived when Felix Mendelssohn conducted his St. Matthew Passion, and this composer of The Art of the Fugue also wrote twenty-four preludes and fugues in each key in The Well-Tempered Clavier. Composer of six concerti for a margrave, for 10 points, name this composer of The Brandenburg Concertos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 211 ], [ 212, 458 ], [ 459, 563 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "precession", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The amount of this phenomenon that should occur on an object near the earth can be found by summing the types named after de Sitter and Lense-Thirring.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Precession", "proto_id": "58b0b7b070b915409571759a", "qanta_id": 94127, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The amount of this phenomenon that should occur on an object near the earth can be found by summing the types named after de Sitter and Lense-Thirring. One form of this must be taken into account because of the relativistic time dilation between electrons and the nucleus, and is named for Thomas. The magnetic moments of electrons do this in a magnetic field due to the type named after Larmor. For 10 points, name this process, which also names the \"wobble\" of the Earth on its rotational axis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 297 ], [ 298, 395 ], [ 396, 496 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Nadine Gordimer", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, the death of Steven Sitole in a car crash forces the publishing agent Toby Hood to flee the title World of Strangers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nadine_Gordimer", "proto_id": "58b0b7b070b915409571759c", "qanta_id": 94129, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In one of this author's novels, the death of Steven Sitole in a car crash forces the publishing agent Toby Hood to flee the title World of Strangers. In another novel, the secretary Jessie Stilwell grudgingly takes Anne and Boaz Davis into her home. In addition to Occasion for Loving, she wrote a book in which Mehring owns a four hundred acre farm, and another in which Maureen Smales abandons her family in the title servant's village. For 10 points, name this writer of The Conservationist and July's People, the South African author of Burger's Daughter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 249 ], [ 250, 438 ], [ 439, 559 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Egypt", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One dynasty centered in this country had its king interviewed by St. Francis of Assisi, who tried to convert him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "58b0b7b070b915409571759f", "qanta_id": 94132, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One dynasty centered in this country had its king interviewed by St. Francis of Assisi, who tried to convert him. That dynasty ruled such foreign territories as Hamah, and a ruler based in this country, Turan Shah, captured Louis IX at al-Mansurah. One dynasty from this country was named for a daughter of Muhammed, while another was founded by a Kurdish soldier, and another had its origins in a corps of slave soldiers. The Fatimids, Ayyubids, and Mamluks all ruled from, for 10 points, what state, which under Anwar Sadat later made peace with Israel?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 248 ], [ 249, 422 ], [ 423, 555 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Faust [exact answer required]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the second part of this work one character saves the economy by introducing paper money and the title character has a son named Euphorion with Helen of Troy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Faust", "proto_id": "58b0b7b070b91540957175ab", "qanta_id": 94144, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In the second part of this work one character saves the economy by introducing paper money and the title character has a son named Euphorion with Helen of Troy. In the first part of this work the protagonist leaves his assistant Wagner and falls in love with a girl whose brother Valentine he kills in a swordfight. After she accidentally kills her mother with a sleeping potion, Gretchen goes insane and refuses to escape with the protagonist. For 10 points, name this tragic German play about the title scholar who traded his soul to Mephistopheles, a work of Johann Goethe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 315 ], [ 316, 444 ], [ 445, 576 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "pulsars", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The amount of dispersion in these objects is related to the quantity of free electrons between them and earth, providing information about the warm ionized medium.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pulsar", "proto_id": "58b0b7b070b91540957175b4", "qanta_id": 94153, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The amount of dispersion in these objects is related to the quantity of free electrons between them and earth, providing information about the warm ionized medium. The central object of the Crab nebula is one of these. Thomas Gold was the first to correctly classify these objects, which were dubbed \"LGMs\" by Hewish and Bell, who thought they were signals from extraterrestrials. The \"lighthouse model\" describes, for 10 points, these rapidly rotating neutron stars named for their periodically emitted radiation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 218 ], [ 219, 380 ], [ 381, 514 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Walt Whitman", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of his poems that takes place \"along Paumanok's shore\" a boy observes two birds and hears \"the low and delicious word death.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walt_Whitman", "proto_id": "58b0b7b070b91540957175b6", "qanta_id": 94155, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In one of his poems that takes place \"along Paumanok's shore\" a boy observes two birds and hears \"the low and delicious word death.\" Another poem mourns \"the great star early droop'd in the western sky,\" and in another poem the narrator \"Look'd up in perfect silence at the stars\" after leaving a lecture by the title \"learn'd astronomer.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking\" and \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd,\" who included most of his poetry in the collection Leaves of Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 339 ], [ 340, 425 ], [ 425, 534 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Aaron Copland", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He composed a seven movement ballet that ends with a Molto ritmico entitled Dance Panels, and only the last two movements were premiered of his Statements: Militant, Cryptic, Dogmatic, Subjective, Jingo, Prophetic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aaron_Copland", "proto_id": "58b0b7b170b91540957175db", "qanta_id": 94192, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "He composed a seven movement ballet that ends with a Molto ritmico entitled Dance Panels, and only the last two movements were premiered of his Statements: Militant, Cryptic, Dogmatic, Subjective, Jingo, Prophetic. One work of his involves a narrator reading works by the sixteenth president, and another uses variations on the Shaker hymn Simple Gifts. This composer of A Lincoln Portrait composed a \"Hoe-Down\" for Rodeo. For 10 points, name this composer of Fanfare for the Common Man and Appalachian Spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 214 ], [ 215, 353 ], [ 354, 422 ], [ 423, 510 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Ben Jonson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A girl is exposed as a man in drag at the end of one of his plays, which sees Sir Dauphine Eugenie tolerate his uncle Morose's hatred of noise.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ben_Jonson", "proto_id": "58b0b7b170b91540957175dd", "qanta_id": 94194, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "A girl is exposed as a man in drag at the end of one of his plays, which sees Sir Dauphine Eugenie tolerate his uncle Morose's hatred of noise. In addition to Epicoene, one of his plays sees Subtle and Face dupe Pertinax Surly and Sir Epicure Mammon, and another features a man named Sir Politic Would-Be. His best-known poem begins \"Drink to me only with thine eyes,\" and is titled \"To Celia.\" For 10 points, name this playwright of The Alchemist and Volpone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 211 ], [ 212, 305 ], [ 306, 394 ], [ 395, 460 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Jainism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Lack of anger, extreme tallness, and wish fulfillment by kalpa trees were experienced by people born in the Su?ama-su?am? era prophesized by this faith.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "58b0b7b170b91540957175e2", "qanta_id": 94199, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Lack of anger, extreme tallness, and wish fulfillment by kalpa trees were experienced by people born in the Su?ama-su?am? era prophesized by this faith. Its underworld is the Adho Loka, and a mirror and a fish couple are two of its Eight Auspicious Symbols. The aim of one of its rituals is to transcend the jiva to experience Atman; this meditation is known as Samayika. The Digambara sect of this faith is notorious for its nudity, but preaches ahimsa and venerates the 24th tirthankara. For 10 points, name this Indian religion whose tenets were laid out by Mahavira.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 257 ], [ 258, 371 ], [ 372, 489 ], [ 490, 570 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Hedda Gabbler", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The title character of this work learns that an old friend is visiting when she reads a card on a bouquet of flowers that Bertha places on the piano.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hedda_Gabler", "proto_id": "58b0b7b170b91540957175e8", "qanta_id": 94205, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The title character of this work learns that an old friend is visiting when she reads a card on a bouquet of flowers that Bertha places on the piano. One death in this work occurs in Madame Diana's boudoir. The title character's jealousy of Thea leads her to burn a manuscript, and she commits suicide after Judge Brack threatens to reveal why Eilert Lovborg committed suicide. For 10 points, name this play whose title character is George Tesman's wife, written by Henrik Ibsen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 206 ], [ 207, 377 ], [ 378, 407 ], [ 408, 479 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Anna Karenina", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist spends three months in Italy and upon her return she is shunned at the opera.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anna_Karenina", "proto_id": "58b0b7b170b91540957175f2", "qanta_id": 94215, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The protagonist spends three months in Italy and upon her return she is shunned at the opera. She has a son named Sergei and a daughter named Annie, and the book opens as she is visiting her brother Stiva to settle a dispute between him and his wife Dolly. Dolly's younger sister Kitty eventually marries the farmer Levin and the protagonist's repeated requests for a divorce are denied by her husband who resents her affair with Vronsky. For 10 points, name this novel in which the title protagonist throws herself under a train, a work of Leo Tolstoy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 256 ], [ 257, 438 ], [ 439, 553 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Leo Tolstoy [or Lev Nikolayovich Tolstoy]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story by this author, a man becomes lost in thick snow on his way to sell a grove, causing him to attempt to save the life of his servant Nikita.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leo_Tolstoy", "proto_id": "58b0b7b170b9154095717611", "qanta_id": 94246, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In one story by this author, a man becomes lost in thick snow on his way to sell a grove, causing him to attempt to save the life of his servant Nikita. In addition to \"Master and Man,\" this author wrote a story about Podznshev, who murders his wife after catching her in his house with a violinist, and a story about a magistrate served by Gerasim. This author of \"The Kreutzer Sonata\" and \"The Death of Ivan Ilych\" also wrote a historical novel about Pierre Bezukhov set during Napoleon's invasion of Russia. For 10 points, name this author of War and Peace.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 349 ], [ 350, 510 ], [ 511, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Pablo Ruiz y Picasso", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this painter, two pitchers sit on a marble block and are flanked by two nude boys.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Picasso", "proto_id": "58b0b7b170b9154095717615", "qanta_id": 94250, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In one work by this painter, two pitchers sit on a marble block and are flanked by two nude boys. A seated ape stares at a group of figures in another work painted by this man. He created a work in which an awkward goat is agape at a girl fixing her hair, as well as several paintings of harlequin families. He also showed a boy wearing a look similar to that of Frida Kahlo. Madeleine and Boy with a Pipe are from the Rose Period of, for 10 points, what painter, who also had a Blue Period and painted Les Desmoiselles D'Avignon?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 176 ], [ 177, 307 ], [ 308, 375 ], [ 376, 530 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The Barber of Seville [or Il barbiere di Siviglia; or The Useless Precaution]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A laundry list is swapped for a love note at one point in this opera.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Barber_of_Seville", "proto_id": "58b0b7b270b915409571762e", "qanta_id": 94275, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "A laundry list is swapped for a love note at one point in this opera. In another scene, a man causes alarm by climbing in through a balcony in the guise of Lindoro, after earlier adopting the identity of Don Alonso. The title character introduces himself with \"Largo al Factotum\" after learning that Dr. Bartolo is confining Rosina, and later aids Count Almaviva's romantic plans. For 10 points, name this Rossini opera which was followed by a Mozart sequel about the \"marriage\" of the titular conniving cosmetician, Figaro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 215 ], [ 216, 380 ], [ 381, 524 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "hydrogen bonds [prompt on H; prompt on dipole-dipole bonds/forces]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The \"symmetric\" types of these interactions seem to violate the duet rule, and occur in high-pressure ice known as \"Ice X.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hydrogen_bond", "proto_id": "58b0b7b270b9154095717634", "qanta_id": 94281, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The \"symmetric\" types of these interactions seem to violate the duet rule, and occur in high-pressure ice known as \"Ice X.\" This is the main mechanism by which R-groups in DNA interact, and the spacing of them results in the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet. Water's high boiling point is due to the high ratio of these bonds to the low molecular mass. For 10 points, name this type of bond resulting from the dipole-dipole force between an electronegative atom and the namesake element bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 122, 260 ], [ 261, 354 ], [ 355, 529 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "\"Dover Beach\"", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The author of this work asserts that the world lies before us \"like a land of dreams,\" but quashes such thoughts by claiming that it lacks joy, love, light, certitude, peace, and help for pain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dover_Beach", "proto_id": "58b0b7b270b9154095717639", "qanta_id": 94286, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The author of this work asserts that the world lies before us \"like a land of dreams,\" but quashes such thoughts by claiming that it lacks joy, love, light, certitude, peace, and help for pain. The \"turbid ebb and flow / Of human misery\" posited in this poem stems from an \"eternal note of sadness\" heard under the \"naked shingles of the world\" and also by \"Sophocles long ago.\" For 10 points, name this poem that imagines a \"darkling plain... / Where ignorant armies clash by night,\" a work of Matthew Arnold.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 220 ], [ 221, 377 ], [ 377, 445 ], [ 446, 510 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "auxins", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It was recently discovered that the F-box protein from the complex SCFTIR1 is a receptor for them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auxin", "proto_id": "58b0b7b270b915409571763b", "qanta_id": 94288, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "It was recently discovered that the F-box protein from the complex SCFTIR1 is a receptor for them. PIN proteins regulate their efflux, and they cause miscarriages and leukemia, as evinced by 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, two of them in Agent Orange. Also responsible for parthenocarpy, they activate expansins in one of their main functions. In low concentrations, they can delay flower senescence. Featuring prominently in the acid growth hypothesis, and competing with cytokinins in apical dominance, for 10 points, name this class of plant growth hormones.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 238 ], [ 239, 330 ], [ 331, 387 ], [ 388, 548 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The First Symphony of Sibelius was influenced by this composer, who wrote the tone-poem Francesca da Rimini.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "58b0b7b270b9154095717642", "qanta_id": 94295, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The First Symphony of Sibelius was influenced by this composer, who wrote the tone-poem Francesca da Rimini. One opera by this man contains the \"Letter Scene,\" in which Tatyana writes a letter to the title character. In addition to Eugene Onegin, this composer wrote music for a ballet that features the characters Odette and Von Rothbart, and another that contains a \"Chinese Dance\" and a \"Dance of the Sugar-Plum Fairy.\" For 10 points, name this Russian composer whose music appears in Swan Lake and The Nutcracker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 216 ], [ 217, 422 ], [ 423, 517 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "surface tension", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A gradient in this quantity causes inhomogeneous liquids to separate according to the Marangoni effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Surface_tension", "proto_id": "58b0b7b270b915409571765a", "qanta_id": 94319, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "A gradient in this quantity causes inhomogeneous liquids to separate according to the Marangoni effect. When caused by solvent-solute interactions, it is described by an equation named for Gibbs. It is related to radius of curvature and pressure by the Laplace equation, and it can be empirically determined by the drop weight method. This property is decreased by applying surfactants, and it is characterized by stronger cohesive forces. For 10 points, identify this phenomenon which allows insects to walk on water.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 195 ], [ 196, 334 ], [ 335, 439 ], [ 440, 518 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Vanity Fair", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, Captain Dobbin convinces George Osborne to marry the protagonist's friend, although he loves her himself.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vanity_Fair_(novel)", "proto_id": "58b0b7b370b915409571765c", "qanta_id": 94321, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In this novel, Captain Dobbin convinces George Osborne to marry the protagonist's friend, although he loves her himself. That protagonist ends her days living off of a suspicious life insurance policy taken out by her friend's brother Jos, who had been living with her after her husband Rawdon Crawley left her. The climax of this novel takes place in Brussels when Amelia Sedley's husband dies in The Battle of Waterloo. For 10 points, name this novel about the devious Becky Sharp, by William Thackeray.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 311 ], [ 312, 421 ], [ 422, 505 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Benjamin Britten", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In the 1960s, this man wrote church parables whose performances were intended for the Orford Church.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benjamin_Britten", "proto_id": "58b0b7b370b9154095717685", "qanta_id": 94362, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In the 1960s, this man wrote church parables whose performances were intended for the Orford Church. Those works include Curlew River and The Burning Fiery Furnace. Many of this man's operas contained a part for the tenor Peter Pears, including Owen Wingrave, The Turn of the Screw, and Albert Herring. His first major opera was based on George Crabbe's poem \"The Borough,\" and centers on a fisherman who commits suicide after the accidental death of two of his apprentices. For 10 points, name this English composer of Peter Grimes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 164 ], [ 165, 302 ], [ 303, 474 ], [ 475, 533 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 2", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Rembrandt [or Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He made five versions of his best-known print, which includes a horseman holding a lance and is entitled Three Crosses.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rembrandt", "proto_id": "58b0b7b470b915409571768d", "qanta_id": 94370, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "He made five versions of his best-known print, which includes a horseman holding a lance and is entitled Three Crosses. One painting by this man shows the dissection of the criminal Aris Kindt, and another is a group portrait of sampling officials entitled The (*) Syndics of the Cloth Guild. This man's best-known work includes a girl carrying a chicken and depicts the company of Willem van Ruytenburch and Frans Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp and The Night Watch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 292 ], [ 293, 428 ], [ 429, 530 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Utilitarianism", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This doctrine was deemed compatible with intuitionism yet irreconcilable with egoism as a form of \"universal hedonism\" in The Methods of Ethics, by Henry Sidgwick.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Utilitarianism", "proto_id": "58b0b7b470b91540957176a4", "qanta_id": 94393, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This doctrine was deemed compatible with intuitionism yet irreconcilable with egoism as a form of \"universal hedonism\" in The Methods of Ethics, by Henry Sidgwick. Another of this school's adherents was William Paley, while its founder sought to apply it to a universal code of law in works such as Introduction to the (*) Principles of Morals and Legislation. In addition to Jeremy Bentham, it was advocated by the man who wrote On Liberty, John Stuart Mill. For 10 points, name this school of ethics that seeks to achieve \"the greatest good for the greatest number.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 360 ], [ 361, 459 ], [ 460, 568 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Cry, the Beloved Country", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One section of this work deals with a gold find and contrasts the Beresford's appeal to tradition with Sir Ernest Oppenheimer's call for a mining camp.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "58b0b7b470b91540957176b5", "qanta_id": 94410, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One section of this work deals with a gold find and contrasts the Beresford's appeal to tradition with Sir Ernest Oppenheimer's call for a mining camp. The protagonist leaves Mrs. Lithebe's after Johannes and Matthew are acquitted. This novel begins when the protagonist receives ill-tidings in a letter from Theophilus (*) Msimangu revealing that Gertrude is sick. The protagonist of this work discovers that his son Absalom has shot Arthur Jarvis. For 10 points, name this novel about Stephen Kumalo by South African author Alan Paton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 231 ], [ 232, 365 ], [ 366, 449 ], [ 450, 537 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Russia [accept The Twelve Chairs before mentioned]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A con man surnamed Bender searches for hidden diamonds in a novel written by authors from this country in The Twelve Chairs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "58b0b7b570b91540957176c1", "qanta_id": 94422, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "A con man surnamed Bender searches for hidden diamonds in a novel written by authors from this country in The Twelve Chairs. This country was the birthplace of the poets of The Twelve and Babi Yar, and the home of the Acmeist literary movement. Another author from this country wrote a dystopian novel where (*) D-503 rebels against the One State. In a novel set in this country, Komarovsky rapes Lara, the lover of an idealistic doctor. For 10 points, name this country home to Yevgeny Zamiatin and the author of Doctor Zhivago, Boris Pasternak.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 244 ], [ 245, 347 ], [ 348, 437 ], [ 438, 546 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Giuseppe Garibaldi", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man served as a naval captain for Rio Grande do Sul in its rebellion against Brazil, and also fought in the Uruguayan civil war.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Giuseppe_Garibaldi", "proto_id": "58b0b7b570b91540957176cf", "qanta_id": 94436, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This man served as a naval captain for Rio Grande do Sul in its rebellion against Brazil, and also fought in the Uruguayan civil war. He defeated a French army that intended to restore the government of Pope Pius IX in an 1849 battle fought on the Janiculum Hill. His best-known military campaign saw victories at (*) Calatafimi, Milazzo, and Palermo, and was dubbed the Expedition of the Thousand. For 10 points, name this Italian general who led volunteer forces known as the Red Shirts in the capture of Sicily and Naples.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 263 ], [ 264, 398 ], [ 399, 525 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Francisco Goya", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this artist depicts a woman wearing a red sash who is pointing with one finger to the ground.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Francisco_Goya", "proto_id": "58b0b7b570b91540957176d2", "qanta_id": 94439, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One work by this artist depicts a woman wearing a red sash who is pointing with one finger to the ground. In addition to that portrait of the Duchess of Alba, this artist painted works like a dog drowning and two men fighting with sticks on the walls of the Quinta del Sordo, which comprise his (*) Black Paintings that include Saturn Devouring His Son. Another work by this court painter to Charles IV is a companion to The Charge of the Mamelukes, which includes a phalanx of French soldiers firing at Spanish captives. For 10 points, name this painter of The Third of May, 1808.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 353 ], [ 354, 521 ], [ 522, 581 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Edward Hopper", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted a house with nine columns from an angle that obscures the bottom with brown- orange metal strips, in a work titled House by the Railroad.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Hopper", "proto_id": "58b0b7b570b91540957176de", "qanta_id": 94451, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This artist painted a house with nine columns from an angle that obscures the bottom with brown- orange metal strips, in a work titled House by the Railroad. A barber pole and a fire hydrant cast long shadows in front of a row of shops in his Early Sunday Morning, and two women sit at a table with a blue bowl and red teapot with a visible sign for (*) the title food of his Chop Suey. This man also advertised five-cent Phillies in a painting of two men and a red-haired woman sitting at a diner. For 10 points, name this painter of Nighthawks.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 386 ], [ 387, 498 ], [ 499, 546 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "ideal gas equation or law", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Deviations from this equation can be found by plotting the compressibility factor against pressure; the virial expansion is often used to measure those deviations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ideal_gas_law", "proto_id": "58b0b7b570b91540957176e4", "qanta_id": 94457, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Deviations from this equation can be found by plotting the compressibility factor against pressure; the virial expansion is often used to measure those deviations. The Peng-Robinson equation is a good alternative to this equation at low pressures and the Redlich-Kwong equation is a better alternative at high pressures. A more common alternative is an equation that introduces parameters (*) a and b, the van der Waals equation. For 10 points, name this equation of state describing the behavior of a sufficiently dilute gas, which states that PV equals nRT.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 320 ], [ 321, 429 ], [ 430, 559 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "diffusion", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This process's effect on band broadening in column chromatography is given by the van Deemter equation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "58b0b7b570b91540957176e9", "qanta_id": 94462, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This process's effect on band broadening in column chromatography is given by the van Deemter equation. For a suspension liquid, the translational coefficient of this process is inversely proportional to the particle diameter according to the Stokes-Einstein relationship. A collection of (*) random walks spreads out through the normal type of this process, and Fick devised two laws governing this process. For 10 points, name this process in which the random motion of particles results in a flow of matter from regions of high concentration to low concentrations.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 272 ], [ 273, 408 ], [ 409, 567 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Romania", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation's westernmost reaches constitute the historical region of Banat, whose primary city is Timisoara.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romania", "proto_id": "58b0b7b670b9154095717701", "qanta_id": 94486, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This nation's westernmost reaches constitute the historical region of Banat, whose primary city is Timisoara. Its western border is also home to the large river gorge known as the Iron Gate. This nation was the site of the Nazi internment camp known as Targu Jiu, which is now a major tourist attraction thanks to its sculptures by (*) Constantin Brancusi. That city lies at the base of the Carpathian Mountains, which divide this nation's regions of Moldavia and Wallachia from Transylvania. For 10 points, name this Eastern European country with capital at Bucharest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 190 ], [ 191, 356 ], [ 357, 492 ], [ 493, 569 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Thorstein Veblen", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this founder of the school of institutional economics expressed his desire that the rule of technocrats would replace corporate power.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thorstein_Veblen", "proto_id": "58b0b7b670b9154095717711", "qanta_id": 94502, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One work by this founder of the school of institutional economics expressed his desire that the rule of technocrats would replace corporate power. This author of The Engineers and the Price System names products like caviar, diamonds, and luxury cars as examples of his namesake (*) goods that have a positively-sloped demand curve. Another of his works contains a chapter on \"The Belief in Luck\" and discusses a group that practices pecuniary emulation and conspicuous consumption. For 10 points, name this social scientist of The Theory of the Leisure Class.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 332 ], [ 333, 482 ], [ 483, 560 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Wuthering Heights", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One episode of this novel sees a zealous man named Joseph sic his dogs on a character who borrows his lantern.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wuthering_Heights", "proto_id": "58b0b7b670b9154095717721", "qanta_id": 94518, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One episode of this novel sees a zealous man named Joseph sic his dogs on a character who borrows his lantern. This novel's story is partly recounted by Ellen Dean after one character is startled to grasp the cold hand of a girl after trying to break a fir branch. One character is brought home from (*) Liverpool along with a whip and a violin, much to Hindley's chagrin. This novel is told to Mr. Lockwood, the renter of Thrushcross Grange. For 10 points, name this novel in which Heathcliff loves Catherine Earnshaw, a work of Emily Bronte.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 264 ], [ 265, 372 ], [ 373, 442 ], [ 443, 543 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Doppler effect [accept Doppler shift; do not accept \"redshift\" or \"blueshift\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The transverse type of this effect was used in the Ives-Sitwell experiment and is a relativistic phenomenon attributable to time dilation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "58b0b7b670b9154095717723", "qanta_id": 94520, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The transverse type of this effect was used in the Ives-Sitwell experiment and is a relativistic phenomenon attributable to time dilation. Its classical form is responsible for its namesake broadening in spectral lines, and involves multiplication by a factor of v over v plus v sub s, where v is absolute velocity and v sub s is the relative speed of the (*) source. Applied to light to explain the red- shift of distant galaxies, for 10 points, name this effect in which the observed frequency of a wave is shifted by relative motion between the source and observer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 367 ], [ 368, 568 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Krishna", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Stories about this figure are collected in the Harivamsa, which tells how King Kamsa attempted to kill all the children of Devaki.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Krishna", "proto_id": "58b0b7b670b9154095717731", "qanta_id": 94534, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Stories about this figure are collected in the Harivamsa, which tells how King Kamsa attempted to kill all the children of Devaki. This figure escaped to Gokula, where he was raised by Yasod and Nanda among the gopis, or (*) cowherds, loyal to this deity. Preceded by Rama and succeeded by Buddha as an avatar of Vishnu, this god serves as the charioteer for Arjuna in the Mahabharata. In that role, he narrates the Bhagavad-Gita. For 10 points, name this blue-skinned god, the namesake of the proselytizing \"Hare\" (HAH-ray) sect.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 255 ], [ 256, 385 ], [ 386, 430 ], [ 431, 530 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian Bach [prompt on Bach]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a work that includes a trio sonata for flute, violin, and continuo and a six- part ricercare based on a theme by Frederick the Great.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "58b0b7b670b915409571773a", "qanta_id": 94543, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This composer wrote a work that includes a trio sonata for flute, violin, and continuo and a six- part ricercare based on a theme by Frederick the Great. This composer of the Musical Offering included the movement \"O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden\" in his (*) St. Matthew Passion. He composed two sets of twenty-four preludes and fugues in each key, The Well-Tempered Clavier, and wrote a series of six concertos dedicated to a Margrave. For 10 points, name this German Baroque composer of The Brandenburg Concertos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 276 ], [ 277, 433 ], [ 434, 512 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "The Metamorphosis [or Die Verwandlung]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The father of this work's protagonist gets a job as a bank guard, and the central family moves to a smaller apartment after three bearded boarders leave.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Metamorphosis", "proto_id": "58b0b7b770b915409571773d", "qanta_id": 94546, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The father of this work's protagonist gets a job as a bank guard, and the central family moves to a smaller apartment after three bearded boarders leave. The main character's sister aspires to be a violinist, and the protagonist of this work catches the five AM train every morning to work as a salesman to pay off his (*) father's debt. The protagonist eventually dies after an apple thrown by his father becomes lodged in his back. For 10 points, name this novella in which Gregor Samsa is changed into a bug, a work of Franz Kafka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 337 ], [ 338, 433 ], [ 434, 534 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Mario Vargas Llosa", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author published his collected \"Touchstone\" newspaper columns as The Language of Passion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mario_Vargas_Llosa", "proto_id": "58b0b7b770b915409571774e", "qanta_id": 94563, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This author published his collected \"Touchstone\" newspaper columns as The Language of Passion. This novelist depicted a rebellion in Bahia led by the religious fanatic Conselheiro in The War of the End of the World, and fictionalized the rule of Rafael Trujillo in The (*) Feast of the Goat. His memoir A Fish in the Water recounts his run for his country's presidency and loss to Alberto Fujimori, while another of his works features a radio dramatist named Pedro Camacho. For 10 points, name this Peruvian author of Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 291 ], [ 292, 473 ], [ 474, 550 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Australia", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A man who resembles the fictitious poet Bob McCorkle pursues Christopher Chubb in a novel set in this country, My Life as a Fake.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Australia", "proto_id": "58b0b7b770b915409571775d", "qanta_id": 94578, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "A man who resembles the fictitious poet Bob McCorkle pursues Christopher Chubb in a novel set in this country, My Life as a Fake. Another novel set in this country details the relationship between Laura Trevelyan and the German explorer Voss. An author from this country told of a (*) Nazi who saves Jews from the Holocaust in Schindler's Ark. This home of the authors Peter Carey, Patrick White, and Thomas Keneally is the setting of a poem about a \"swagman camped in the billabongs.\" For 10 points, name this literary home of \"Waltzing Matilda.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 242 ], [ 243, 343 ], [ 344, 484 ], [ 484, 547 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "cosine", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Laplace transform of this function is equal to s over the quantity s squared plus one.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trigonometric_functions", "proto_id": "58b0b7b770b915409571776a", "qanta_id": 94591, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The Laplace transform of this function is equal to s over the quantity s squared plus one. Its Taylor series expansion is represented by the sum as n goes from zero to infinity of negative one to the n times x to the two n over quantity two n factorial. The hyperbolic version of this function is equal to the quantity (*) e to the x minus e to the negative x, all over two. A generalization of the Pythagorean theorem is known as the \"law of\" this function. For 10 points, name this reciprocal of the secant function, a trigonometric function often represented as adjacent over hypotenuse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 253 ], [ 254, 374 ], [ 375, 458 ], [ 459, 590 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Texas", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Members of this state won the Grass Fight during the successful siege of Bexar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Texas", "proto_id": "58b0b7b770b915409571776e", "qanta_id": 94595, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "Members of this state won the Grass Fight during the successful siege of Bexar. This state's bloodiest Indian war ended with Buffalo Hump's loss at the Battle of Plum Creek. The burning of Vince's Bridge by Deaf Smith in this state began a battle that avenged those massacred in this state at (*) Goliad. It was led by politicians like Mirabeau Lamar and Stephen F. Austin. For 10 points, name this state that won its independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto and was subsequently governed by Sam Houston.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 173 ], [ 174, 304 ], [ 305, 373 ], [ 374, 517 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Moliere [or Jean-Baptiste Poquelin]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's plays, a master of philosophy tells Jourdain that he speaks in prose instead of verse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moli\u00e8re", "proto_id": "58b0b7b870b9154095717785", "qanta_id": 94618, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "In one of this author's plays, a master of philosophy tells Jourdain that he speaks in prose instead of verse. His version of Don Juan depicts him as a hypocritical atheist who is swallowed up by an abyss from Heaven. This author's title characters include a man who attempts to seduce (*) Elmire while living in the home of Orgon, and Alceste, who despises the conventions of French society. For 10 points, name this French playwright of The Bourgeois Gentleman, Tartuffe, and The Misanthrope.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 217 ], [ 218, 392 ], [ 393, 494 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Hedda Gabler", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this play assumes another character's new bonnet belongs to the maid, and that character has a dying sister named Rina and constantly hints at her nephew having children.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hedda_Gabler", "proto_id": "58b0b7b870b915409571778a", "qanta_id": 94623, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The protagonist of this play assumes another character's new bonnet belongs to the maid, and that character has a dying sister named Rina and constantly hints at her nephew having children. One character in this play is killed at Madame Diana's establishment when his (*) gun accidentally discharges while he is looking for a manuscript that the protagonist had stolen. When Judge Brack attempts to blackmail her over the death of Eilert Loveborg, the titular wife of Georg Tessman kills herself. For 10 points, name this Henrik Ibsen play.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 369 ], [ 370, 496 ], [ 497, 540 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Death of a Salesman", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this play's attempt to plant a garden reflects his desire to work with his hands, like his brother Ben who got rich diamond-mining in the jungle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_of_a_Salesman", "proto_id": "58b0b7b870b9154095717796", "qanta_id": 94635, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The protagonist of this play's attempt to plant a garden reflects his desire to work with his hands, like his brother Ben who got rich diamond-mining in the jungle. One prop in this play is a rubber hose attached to a gas pipe, and one character in this play steals a (*) fountain pen from Bill Oliver after asking for a loan to start a sporting goods store. Desperate to help his unsuccessful son Biff, the main character kills himself for the insurance money. For 10 points, name this play about Willy Loman, a work of Arthur Miller.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 358 ], [ 359, 461 ], [ 462, 535 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "George III", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man worked to defeat John Fox's East India Bill and worked against Catholic emancipation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom", "proto_id": "58b0b7b870b91540957177ba", "qanta_id": 94671, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "This man worked to defeat John Fox's East India Bill and worked against Catholic emancipation. John Wilkes was arrested for criticizing this man's speech from the throne in the periodical North Briton, and this man subsidized the King's (*) Friends faction in Parliament. His wife Charlotte Sophia cared him after he went insane, possibly from porphyria, and his ministers included George Grenville and Lord North. For 10 points, name this Hanovarian monarch, the king of Great Britain during the American Revolution.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 240 ], [ 241, 271 ], [ 272, 414 ], [ 415, 517 ] ], "tournament": "HSAPQ ACF 3", "year": 2008 }, { "answer": "Ideal Gas [prompt on Gas]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "According to the equipartition theorem, a molecule from one of these has an average kinetic energy of three halves times Boltzmann's constant times temperature.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ideal_gas_law", "proto_id": "58b0b7c270b91540957177cc", "qanta_id": 94689, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "According to the equipartition theorem, a molecule from one of these has an average kinetic energy of three halves times Boltzmann's constant times temperature. Two quantum mechanical equivalents of these are named for Fermi and Bose, and they exhibit a compressibility factor of one. The product of the pressure and volume of one is equal to the product of the number of moles, temperature, and a namesake constant. For 10 points, name this theoretical mixture of point masses without intermolecular forces in a certain state of matter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 284 ], [ 285, 416 ], [ 417, 537 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Locke", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker attacked the \"third principle of assent\", enthusiasm, for its violation of the principles of reason, which must be clearly distinguished from faith in religious matters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Locke", "proto_id": "58b0b7c270b91540957177d0", "qanta_id": 94693, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This thinker attacked the \"third principle of assent\", enthusiasm, for its violation of the principles of reason, which must be clearly distinguished from faith in religious matters. This author of The Reasonableness of Christianity collaborated with the Earl of Shaftesbury on the Fundamental Constitutions of the Carolinas, and he distinguished between primary and secondary qualities and simple and complex ideas in a work which proposed a theory of the mind referred to as the \"tabula rasa\". FTP, name this English philosopher who wrote Two Treatises of Government, which enumerated the rights to life, liberty, and property.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 495 ], [ 496, 629 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Frank Lloyd Wright", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man designed skyscrapers including the mile-high Illinois Tower, though the only one built is located in Bartlesville.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Frank_Lloyd_Wright", "proto_id": "58b0b7c270b91540957177d2", "qanta_id": 94695, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "This man designed skyscrapers including the mile-high Illinois Tower, though the only one built is located in Bartlesville. His signature style, which focused on a blend between the interior and exterior and very small amounts of storage space, is exemplified by buildings such as Kentuck Knob and the Rosenbaum House. Another work of his, a residence for the Kaufmann family in western Pennsylvania, was built into a hillside and features a stairway to a stream that runs through the middle of the living room floor. For 10 points, name this American architect of Fallingwater.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 318 ], [ 319, 517 ], [ 518, 578 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "PCR [accept Polymerase Chain Reaction]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One type of this procedure uses probes with quencher molecules which quench an attached fluorophore when excited through FRET.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Polymerase_chain_reaction", "proto_id": "58b0b7c270b91540957177d7", "qanta_id": 94700, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "One type of this procedure uses probes with quencher molecules which quench an attached fluorophore when excited through FRET. In this procedure with a real-time variant, the annealing step occurs at a lower temperature than the previous denaturation step. After the introduction of primers corresponding to sequences which flank the DNA region of interest, the namesake Taq enzyme extends the DNA strand complementary to the template. Developed by Kary Mullis, For 10 points, name this procedure used to amplify the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence from a sample.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 256 ], [ 257, 435 ], [ 436, 575 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Samuel Barber", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's works for piano include a sonata written for the 25th anniversary of the League of Composers and the collection Excursions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Samuel_Barber", "proto_id": "58b0b7c270b91540957177dc", "qanta_id": 94705, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer's works for piano include a sonata written for the 25th anniversary of the League of Composers and the collection Excursions. This composer experimented with atonality in Medea's Meditation and Dance of Vengeance and the one-movement cantata Prayers of Kierkegaard. He set a text by James Agee in Knoxville: Summer of 1915, and Anatol seduces the title character's niece Erika in his opera with a libretto by Menotti. Arranging the second movement of his String Quartet for his most famous piece, For 10 points, name this American composer of Vanessa and Adagio for Strings.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 279 ], [ 280, 431 ], [ 432, 588 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Jainism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this religion, time is conceived of in terms of utsarpini and avasarpini, ascending and descending arcs of a wheel with spokes called ara.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "58b0b7c270b91540957177e8", "qanta_id": 94717, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In this religion, time is conceived of in terms of utsarpini and avasarpini, ascending and descending arcs of a wheel with spokes called ara. Via a process called nirjara, adherents of this religion can destroy a substance which binds to the soul called karman, and debate over whether asceticism demands nudity distinguishes Digambaras and Svetambaras. Followers of this religion venerate the twenty-four Tirthankaras and follow a doctrine of nonviolence called ahimsa. For 10 points, name this Indian religion founded by Mahavira.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 353 ], [ 354, 470 ], [ 471, 532 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Anne Bradstreet", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem by this author, the narrator determines to \"Raise up thy thoughts above the sky that dunghill mists away may fly\" and concludes by stating \"The world no longer let me love, my hope and treasure lies above\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anne_Bradstreet", "proto_id": "58b0b7c370b91540957177f5", "qanta_id": 94730, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one poem by this author, the narrator determines to \"Raise up thy thoughts above the sky that dunghill mists away may fly\" and concludes by stating \"The world no longer let me love, my hope and treasure lies above\". That poem also contains the lines \"Adieu, adieu, all's vanity\" and \"My pleasant things in ashes lie\". Another poem by this author claims \"My love is such that rivers cannot quench\" and begins \"If ever two were one, then surely we\". The author of \"Verses Upon the Burning of Our House\" and \"To My Dear and Loving Husband\", For 10 points, name this colonial American poet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 218 ], [ 219, 320 ], [ 321, 450 ], [ 451, 589 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Friedrich Nietzsche", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this philosopher uses the analogy of lambs and eagles to compare blame exchanged between strong and weak humans and attributes ascetic ideals to the \"slave\" version of the titular concept.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "58b0b7c370b91540957177fa", "qanta_id": 94735, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In one work, this philosopher uses the analogy of lambs and eagles to compare blame exchanged between strong and weak humans and attributes ascetic ideals to the \"slave\" version of the titular concept. In another work, he equates life with the \"will to power\". In addition to On the Genealogy of Morals and Beyond Good and Evil, the concepts of \"eternal recurrence\" and the \u00dcbermensch are presented by the titular Persian prophet in another work by this philosopher. For 10 points, name this German philosopher who declared \"God is dead\" and wrote Thus Spoke Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 201 ], [ 202, 260 ], [ 261, 466 ], [ 467, 571 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Decameron", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, a monk takes advantage of a woman by disguising himself as her lover, the angel Gabriel, and another character hides her lover Lorenzo's head in a pot of basil.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Decameron", "proto_id": "58b0b7c370b9154095717810", "qanta_id": 94757, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this work, a monk takes advantage of a woman by disguising himself as her lover, the angel Gabriel, and another character hides her lover Lorenzo's head in a pot of basil. The noble Gualtieri pretends to kill his children to test the faith of his peasant wife Griselda, and during a fatal visit to Burgundy, Ciappelletto's false confession earns him a reputation for sainthood. In the central group, Dioneo, usually the last to speak, does not conform to the day's story-telling theme. For 10 points, name this work following seven women and three men fleeing the plague written by Giovanni Boccaccio.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 380 ], [ 381, 488 ], [ 489, 604 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Feldspar", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A solid-solution of two types of this mineral can exsolve to form perthites.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Feldspar", "proto_id": "58b0b7c370b9154095717816", "qanta_id": 94763, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "A solid-solution of two types of this mineral can exsolve to form perthites. The continuous branch of Bowen's reaction series consists of this mineral's forms as various solid-solutions of albite and anorthite. Those forms characterized by the presence of sodium or calcium comprise the plagioclase series. Potassium characterizes microcline and orthoclase, members of the alkali type of this mineral. A six on the Mohs scale, For 10 points, name this aluminosilicate mineral, the most common in the Earth's crust.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 210 ], [ 211, 306 ], [ 307, 401 ], [ 402, 514 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Immanuel Kant", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one essay, this philosopher argued that revolution cannot reform a people's manner of thinking and only substitutes new prejudices for the old.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "58b0b7c370b9154095717818", "qanta_id": 94765, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In one essay, this philosopher argued that revolution cannot reform a people's manner of thinking and only substitutes new prejudices for the old. That work declares religious contracts which make doctrines unalterable, regardless of who ratifies them, to be crimes against human nature because they restrict future generations from public use of their power of reason. This philosopher also theorized that a moral maxim is valid only if one could wish it to be made a universal law. For 10 points, name this German Enlightenment philosopher who formulated the categorical imperative.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 369 ], [ 370, 483 ], [ 484, 584 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Mali Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The rulers of this empire claimed descent from Bilal ibn Rabah, and this empire's founder went into exile to avoid conflict with Dankaran-Tuma.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mali_Empire", "proto_id": "58b0b7c370b9154095717819", "qanta_id": 94766, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The rulers of this empire claimed descent from Bilal ibn Rabah, and this empire's founder went into exile to avoid conflict with Dankaran-Tuma. That founder placed his capital at Niani after defeating the Soso under Sumanguru at Kirina. Another ruler of this empire founded the University of Sankore, and the general Sagmandia conquered the Songhai capital of Gao while that ruler was embarking on a lavish pilgrimage to Mecca. Founded by Sundiata and also ruled by Mansa Musa, For 10 points, name this West African trading empire from the 1200s to 1500s whose namesake country has its capital at Bamako.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 236 ], [ 237, 427 ], [ 428, 604 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this poem, an instruction to \"see how graciously [the moon] looketh down on\" the ocean is given by the \"Second Voice\" in dialogue with the \"First Voice\", and the protagonist claims that \"A spring of love gushed from my heart\" as he blessed some snakes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner", "proto_id": "58b0b7c370b915409571781a", "qanta_id": 94767, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In this poem, an instruction to \"see how graciously [the moon] looketh down on\" the ocean is given by the \"Second Voice\" in dialogue with the \"First Voice\", and the protagonist claims that \"A spring of love gushed from my heart\" as he blessed some snakes. Earlier, the protagonist is won by \"The Nightmare Life-in-Death\" in a dice game against Death, who claims his two hundred companions. The central tale is related to the Wedding-Guest by the title character, who is cursed for shooting an albatross. For 10 points, name this long poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 255 ], [ 256, 389 ], [ 390, 503 ], [ 504, 566 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Golden Bough", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work discusses how certain aspects of plant growth are often associated with a specific sex to introduce various festivals in which symbolic male-female relationships were used to promote the harvest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Golden_Bough", "proto_id": "58b0b7c370b9154095717824", "qanta_id": 94777, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This work discusses how certain aspects of plant growth are often associated with a specific sex to introduce various festivals in which symbolic male-female relationships were used to promote the harvest. In this work, the recurring theme of divine kings who must be murdered to insure the people's prosperity originated from its discussion of the rituals of the priesthood of Nemi, and this work theorizes an evolution of ideas from those of magic to religion and culminating in science. For 10 points, name this work of comparative religion and mythology written by James Frazer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 205 ], [ 206, 489 ], [ 490, 582 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sulfuric Acid [accept H2SO4 before it is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one process for producing this compound, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide act as catalysts in the Gay-Lussac tower and Glover tower, and in another, an oxidation takes place in the presence of silica beads and a vanadium (V) oxide catalyst, after which its namesake element's trioxide is reacted with water.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfuric_acid", "proto_id": "58b0b7c470b9154095717841", "qanta_id": 94806, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "In one process for producing this compound, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide act as catalysts in the Gay-Lussac tower and Glover tower, and in another, an oxidation takes place in the presence of silica beads and a vanadium (V) oxide catalyst, after which its namesake element's trioxide is reacted with water. This compound produced by the lead chamber process and the contact process acts as the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries, and it is the only diprotic strong acid. For 10 points, name this acid with formula H2SO4.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 311 ], [ 312, 475 ], [ 476, 525 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Aristotle", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher identified impetuosity and weakness as the two forms of akrasia, a condition in which a person contradicts reason due to emotion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristotle", "proto_id": "58b0b7c470b9154095717845", "qanta_id": 94810, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This philosopher identified impetuosity and weakness as the two forms of akrasia, a condition in which a person contradicts reason due to emotion. He examined the literary use of mimesis and peripeteia in one work, and he stressed the responsibility of science to encompass the logical asymmetry of causation, expanding on the deductive reasoning applied to endoxa represented by the syllogism, which he introduced as part of his dialectic. The author of Poetics, Physics, and Metaphysics, For 10 points, name this Greek philosopher and student of Plato.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 440 ], [ 441, 554 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Swan Lake", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Although this work was originally choreographed by Julius Reisinger, it was revived by a now-standard version choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Swan_Lake", "proto_id": "58b0b7c470b9154095717853", "qanta_id": 94824, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "Although this work was originally choreographed by Julius Reisinger, it was revived by a now-standard version choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov. This work includes a succession of Hungarian, Spanish, and Neapolitan dances at a central ball which take place after the protagonist goes hunting with Benno. After mistakenly swearing his love for Odile, the daughter of the bird-sorcerer Von Rothbart, Prince Siegfried drowns himself to escape his oath. For 10 points, name this ballet in which Odette is transformed into the title animal, a work of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 315 ], [ 316, 461 ], [ 462, 583 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Great Gatsby", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The central character of this novel names a bra marketed as a \"swing top\" by Elaine for J. Peterman in a Seinfeld episode.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Great_Gatsby", "proto_id": "58b0b7c470b9154095717857", "qanta_id": 94828, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "The central character of this novel names a bra marketed as a \"swing top\" by Elaine for J. Peterman in a Seinfeld episode. In an episode of South Park, Timmy is diagnosed with ADD after being read this novel and failing to remember what type of car the title character drives. Its most notable film adaptation from 1974 was narrated by Sam Waterston and stars Robert Redford opposite Mia Farrow playing his love interest Daisy. Narrated by Nick Carraway, For 10 points, name this novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 276 ], [ 277, 427 ], [ 428, 517 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Iron", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This element forms a red solution when it complexes with thiocyanate, and although it is not aluminum, a chloride of this element catalyzes a Friedel-Crafts alkylation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iron", "proto_id": "58b0b7c470b9154095717858", "qanta_id": 94829, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This element forms a red solution when it complexes with thiocyanate, and although it is not aluminum, a chloride of this element catalyzes a Friedel-Crafts alkylation. The oxide of this element is used industrially to produce ammonia in the Haber-Bosch process, and this element exists in a solid solution with carbon in its gamma variety austenite. This element is derived from the ore hematite, and its brass-colored pyrite is commonly known as \"fool's gold\". For 10 points, name this transition metal with chemical symbol Fe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 350 ], [ 351, 462 ], [ 463, 529 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "George Frideric Handel", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this composer, only violins and oboes are featured in a brief D minor meneut, the first of two menuets which follow La Paix and La Rejouissance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Frideric_Handel", "proto_id": "58b0b7c470b915409571785e", "qanta_id": 94835, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "In one work by this composer, only violins and oboes are featured in a brief D minor meneut, the first of two menuets which follow La Paix and La Rejouissance. In addition to that five-movement suite, this composer created a work including the duet O death, where is thy sting? That work with libretto by Charles Jennens also includes the aria I know that my redeemer liveth. For 10 points, name this German-born English composer of Music for the Royal Fireworks who included the \"Hallelujah\" Chorus in his oratorio Messiah.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 277 ], [ 278, 375 ], [ 376, 524 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Constantin Brancusi", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man included a reflecting pool in a windowless chamber with an underground entrance in his design for a Temple of Meditation at Indore, and another of his works consists of twelve hourglass-shaped stools around a limestone table.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "58b0b7c470b9154095717863", "qanta_id": 94840, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This man included a reflecting pool in a windowless chamber with an underground entrance in his design for a Temple of Meditation at Indore, and another of his works consists of twelve hourglass-shaped stools around a limestone table. This creator of Mademoiselle Pogany and The Table of Silence caused scandal with his phallic Princess X, and his other sculptures include a nearly hundred-foot stack of rhomboid forms and a series of marble and bronze sculptures capturing the essence of flight. For 10 points, name this Romanian sculptor of The Endless Column and Bird in Space.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 234 ], [ 235, 496 ], [ 497, 580 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, the five wounds of Christ and five virtues of the protagonist are identified with the pentangle which he bears on his coat.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight", "proto_id": "58b0b7c470b9154095717866", "qanta_id": 94843, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In this work, the five wounds of Christ and five virtues of the protagonist are identified with the pentangle which he bears on his coat. At a feast, one character in this work refuses to eat until he is told a fantastic tale, and later, the protagonist gives his host three kisses which he received from the host's wife, though he withholds a silk girdle. At the Castle Haut Desert, the protagonist is the guest of Lord Bertilak, the same character whom the protagonist agreed to endure a blow from a year and a day after decapitating him. For 10 points, name this Arthurian romance by the Pearl Poet.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 356 ], [ 357, 540 ], [ 541, 602 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Robert Frost", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one poem by this man, the speaker holds a pane of glass \"against the world of hoary grass\" and wonders if his sleep is \"just human sleep\", and in another, Warren finds Silas dead beside the stove.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "58b0b7c570b9154095717871", "qanta_id": 94854, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one poem by this man, the speaker holds a pane of glass \"against the world of hoary grass\" and wonders if his sleep is \"just human sleep\", and in another, Warren finds Silas dead beside the stove. The narrator of another poem remarks that he could say \"Elves\" to a man who is \"all pine\", whereas he is \"apple orchard\". In addition to \"The Death of the Hired Man\", this man wrote a poem which states \"I shall be telling this with a sigh / Somewhere ages and ages hence\" and concludes \"And that has made all the difference.\" For 10 points, name this American poet of \"Mending Wall\" and \"The Road Not Taken\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 321 ], [ 322, 440 ], [ 441, 524 ], [ 524, 608 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Bertrand Russell", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker's \"no class\" theory of classes addressed a problem arising from use of the unrestricted comprehension axiom and led to his formulation of type theory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "58b0b7c570b9154095717876", "qanta_id": 94859, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This thinker's \"no class\" theory of classes addressed a problem arising from use of the unrestricted comprehension axiom and led to his formulation of type theory. In one work, this thinker interprets Lee Smolin's argument that the universe is perfect for sustaining black holes and maintains that the human brain is a handicap which God had no need to give mankind. In a collaboration with Alfred Whitehead, he attempted to work from a set of axioms to translate mathematical truths into symbolic logic. For 10 points, name this British philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 366 ], [ 367, 504 ], [ 505, 582 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "The Magic Flute [accept Die Zauberfl\u00f6te]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this opera, the protagonist sings Dies Bildnis ist bezaubernd schon upon being shown his love's portrait, and one character introduces himself in the aria Der Vogelfanger bin ich ja.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "proto_id": "58b0b7c570b915409571787c", "qanta_id": 94865, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In this opera, the protagonist sings Dies Bildnis ist bezaubernd schon upon being shown his love's portrait, and one character introduces himself in the aria Der Vogelfanger bin ich ja. In search of a character cursed in the aria Der Holle Rache, the protagonist is discouraged from entering two temples identified with reason and nature, and earlier silver bells for protection are given to the birdcatcher Papageno. This opera concludes with the union of Tamino and Pamina despite the efforts of the Queen of the Night. For 10 points, name this Singspiel by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart named for an instrument.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 417 ], [ 418, 521 ], [ 522, 608 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Torque", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "For a current-carrying coil of wire, this quantity is equal to the product of magnetic field, number of coils, current, area, and sine of theta, which is equivalent to the cross product of magnetic dipole moment and magnetic field.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Torque", "proto_id": "58b0b7c570b9154095717880", "qanta_id": 94869, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "For a current-carrying coil of wire, this quantity is equal to the product of magnetic field, number of coils, current, area, and sine of theta, which is equivalent to the cross product of magnetic dipole moment and magnetic field. Work associated with rotation is the integral of this quantity with respect to angular displacement, and although it is not energy, it is measured in Newton-meters. Defined as the cross product of the position vector and force, For 10 points, name this action on a body which produces twisting.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 231 ], [ 232, 396 ], [ 397, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "John Maynard Keynes", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, this author proposed cyclical fluctuations in the marginal efficiency of capital as the cause of the \"trade cycle\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "58b0b7c570b9154095717887", "qanta_id": 94876, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In one work, this author proposed cyclical fluctuations in the marginal efficiency of capital as the cause of the \"trade cycle\". In another work, this author cited Lenin's idea of debauching capitalist currency in his predictions of starvation in post-World War I Europe. This author of The Economic Consequences of the Peace also wrote a work emphasizing the relationship between economic output and aggregate demand. For 10 points, name this British economist who advocated deficit spending in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 271 ], [ 272, 418 ], [ 419, 550 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Quetzalcoatl", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure is often depicted wearing a pendant called the \"wind jewel\", and he summoned a hurricane to blow away humans who had been turned into monkeys.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "58b0b7c570b915409571789d", "qanta_id": 94898, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This figure is often depicted wearing a pendant called the \"wind jewel\", and he summoned a hurricane to blow away humans who had been turned into monkeys. Also associated with Ehecatl, this god retrieved the bones of the dead from Mictlan, and he either immolated himself and became Venus or was exiled on a raft of snakes when expelled by Tezcatlipoca, after which he was predicted to return as a white-skinned man. The twin brother of Xolotl, For 10 points, name this \"feathered serpent\", the creator god of the Aztecs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 416 ], [ 417, 521 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2010 }, { "answer": "Pieter Bruegel the Elder", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Maarten de Vos painted the holy figures for this artist in his early paintings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder", "proto_id": "58b0b7cd70b91540957178fb", "qanta_id": 94992, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "Maarten de Vos painted the holy figures for this artist in his early paintings. A group of Spanish soldiers attack a helpless village in his The Massacre of the Innocents, and the cultivation of a ripe field of wheat is depicted in his The Harvesters. A skeleton army attacks a group of people in one of his paintings, and he painted two figures with a pack of dogs gazing at a village in Hunters in the Snow. In another of his works, a pair of legs flails in the sea below a passing ship. For 10 points, name this Flemish artist of The Triumph of Death and Landscape with the Fall of Icarus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 251 ], [ 252, 409 ], [ 410, 489 ], [ 490, 592 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The Arnolfini Wedding [accept Arnolfini Portrait or anything about Arnolfini and his bride]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A red fruit can be seen on the window sill on the left this painting, and a figure in a green dress wears a golden bracelet around her neck.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Arnolfini_Portrait", "proto_id": "58b0b7cd70b91540957178fd", "qanta_id": 94994, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "A red fruit can be seen on the window sill on the left this painting, and a figure in a green dress wears a golden bracelet around her neck. That figure also wears a white veil on her head, and a chandelier with a single candle appears above the convex mirror. A feather duster is hung around the bed post on the right, and a pair of red sandals appears below a red chair. A large signature states that its painter \"was here\", and a brown dog stands below the two main figures. For 10 points, name this depiction of a couple holding hands, a work by Jan van Eyck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 260 ], [ 261, 372 ], [ 373, 477 ], [ 478, 563 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "George Bernard Shaw [accept Caesar and Cleopatra before \"this author's\"]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Pothinus warns Caesar that the library of Alexandria is burning in one of this author's works.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Bernard_Shaw", "proto_id": "58b0b7cd70b91540957178ff", "qanta_id": 94996, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Pothinus warns Caesar that the library of Alexandria is burning in one of this author's works. In addition to writing Caesar and Cleopatra, this author wrote a play in which the Commander is killed by Don Juan and decides to visit Hell because he found Heaven too boring. Jack Tanner marries Ann in his Man and Superman, and Andrew Undershaft makes a donation to the Salvation Army in another of his plays. This author of Major Barbara wrote a work centering on the main character's wager with Colonel Pickering. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright who wrote about Henry Higgins tutoring Eliza Doolittle in Pygmalion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 271 ], [ 272, 406 ], [ 407, 512 ], [ 513, 623 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Zoroastrianism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "According to this religion, the hero Yima was killed by the serpent Azi Dahaka.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "58b0b7cd70b9154095717906", "qanta_id": 95003, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "According to this religion, the hero Yima was killed by the serpent Azi Dahaka. Adherents of this faith believe that the demon Vizaresh drags the evil souls into the House of Lies at the Chinvat Bridge. An important concept in this religion is the contrast between asha and druj, or truth and lies. Gayomart is the first human-being according to this religion, whose dead followers are left exposed in Towers of Silence. This religion follows the Zend-Avesta and centers on the struggle between Ahriman and Ahura Mazda. For 10 points, name this dualistic Persian religion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 202 ], [ 203, 298 ], [ 299, 420 ], [ 421, 519 ], [ 520, 572 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Emile Durkheim", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man abandoned the notion of collective conscience in favor of collective representations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Durkheim", "proto_id": "58b0b7cd70b915409571790b", "qanta_id": 95008, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man abandoned the notion of collective conscience in favor of collective representations. He differentiated material from non-material social fact, and posited that totemism is the most elementary level of religion. He divided the main characteristic of religion between sacred and profane, and contrasted organic and mechanical solidarity in The Division of Labor in Society. For 10 points, name this author of The Elementary Forms of Religious Life who described altruistic, egoistic, anomic, and fatalistic types of the title action in Suicide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 220 ], [ 221, 381 ], [ 382, 552 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Guy de Maupassant", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story by this author, Monsieur Morissot and his companion are captured and executed by Prussian soldiers while fishing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Guy_de_Maupassant", "proto_id": "58b0b7ce70b9154095717910", "qanta_id": 95013, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one story by this author, Monsieur Morissot and his companion are captured and executed by Prussian soldiers while fishing. This author of \"Two Friends\" also wrote about a German captain, who is stabbed by the prostitute Rachael after boasting about German supremacy. This author of \"Mademoiselle Fifi\" created the character Elizabeth Rousset, who is pressured into sleeping with a Prussian officer in this man's \"Ball of Fat\". In his most famous work, Madame Forestier lends Mathilde the title piece of jewelry, which is lost. For 10 points, name this French author of \"The Necklace\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 270 ], [ 271, 430 ], [ 431, 530 ], [ 531, 588 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Cambodia [accept Republic of Kampuchea before mentioned]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Royal Council of the Throne determines the king of this country, who currently is Norodom Sihanouk.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cambodia", "proto_id": "58b0b7ce70b9154095717917", "qanta_id": 95020, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The Royal Council of the Throne determines the king of this country, who currently is Norodom Sihanouk. Its capitol was moved from Longvek to Udong in 1618, and Lon Nol ruled this country until 1975. One leader of this country tried to cleanse the country and start over with a \"Year Zero.\" This nation became a French Protectorate in 1866, and was later renamed \"The Republic of Kampuchea\" by Pol Pot during the rule of the Khmer Rouge. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian kingdom containing Angkor Watt with a capitol at Phnomh Phen.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 199 ], [ 200, 289 ], [ 289, 290 ], [ 291, 437 ], [ 438, 540 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "I and the Village", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A figure can be seen under a yellow building in this painting, and a white cross appears above that building.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I_and_the_Village", "proto_id": "58b0b7ce70b9154095717922", "qanta_id": 95031, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "A figure can be seen under a yellow building in this painting, and a white cross appears above that building. A man wears a ring on his index finger in this painting, and an upside-down woman plays a violin on the top right. Next to her is a man walking with a scythe, and a glowing tree appears in the hand of a man on the bottom. A woman milks a goat on the left of this painting, and the face of a large green man wearing a necklace appears on the right. For 10 points, name this painting involving Yiddish and Russian folk themes, a work by Marc Chagall.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 224 ], [ 225, 331 ], [ 332, 457 ], [ 458, 558 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Quartz", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A rare, green-colored form of this mineral used in jewelry is called prasiolite.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quartz", "proto_id": "58b0b7ce70b915409571792b", "qanta_id": 95040, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "A rare, green-colored form of this mineral used in jewelry is called prasiolite. This mineral can possess planar deformation features, and one variety of this mineral is called chalcedony. It is at the bottom of Bowen's Reaction Series, and this mineral exhibits piezoelectricity, making it useful in watches and radio transmitters. It is the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust, and varieties of it include onyx, citrine, and amethyst. For 10 points, name this mineral mainly composed of silicon dioxide, with a Mohs hardness of 7.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 188 ], [ 189, 332 ], [ 333, 450 ], [ 451, 546 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pablo Neruda", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote about how \"I happen to be tired of being a man\" in his \"Walking Around,\" which features in his collection entitled Residence on Earth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "58b0b7ce70b915409571793a", "qanta_id": 95055, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This man wrote about how \"I happen to be tired of being a man\" in his \"Walking Around,\" which features in his collection entitled Residence on Earth. He depicted the indigenous Americans as a \"bunch of rotten fruit / thrown on the garbage heap\" in a poem criticizing foreign influences. In addition to The United Fruit Co., he wrote odes to everyday objects such as tomatoes and socks in his Elementary Odes. He based a section of a larger poem on his visit to the title city in \"The Heights of Macchu Picchu.\" For 10 points, name this Chilean poet who stated, \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines\" in his Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 286 ], [ 287, 408 ], [ 409, 510 ], [ 511, 562 ], [ 562, 648 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Achilles", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure killed Mnemon for not reminding him to avoid killing any sons of Apollo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Achilles", "proto_id": "58b0b7cf70b9154095717956", "qanta_id": 95083, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This figure killed Mnemon for not reminding him to avoid killing any sons of Apollo. This figure wielded the spear used to heal the wound of Telephus at Argos, and Chiron taught him how to become the fastest mortal. He fell in love with the Trojan princess Polyxena, which eventually led to his demise. He refused to fight when Agamemnon took Briseis away from him, but returned later when his friend Patroclus was killed by Hector. For 10 points, name this Greek warrior who became nearly invincible when his mother Thetis dipped him in the River Styx by his heel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 215 ], [ 216, 302 ], [ 303, 432 ], [ 433, 565 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Franz Kafka", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about a music-loving mouse in the short story \"Josephine the Singer.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Kafka", "proto_id": "58b0b7cf70b915409571795a", "qanta_id": 95087, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote about a music-loving mouse in the short story \"Josephine the Singer.\" He wrote about an ape who teaches himself to act like a human in one work, and another character created by this author starves himself to death after hiring himself out to a circus. This author of \"A Report to an Academy\" and \"A Hunger Artist\" depicted The Officer's death from an engraving torture machine at the title location in his story \"In the Penal Colony.\" He also described Grete's brother, who eventually dies after awaking as an insect. For 10 points, name this creator of Joseph K. and Gregor Samsa who wrote The Trial and \"The Metamorphosis.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 270 ], [ 271, 432 ], [ 432, 453 ], [ 454, 536 ], [ 537, 644 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Jainism [accept Jain Dharma or Samanam]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this religion, those who have conquered their internal passions are known as jina.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jainism", "proto_id": "58b0b7cf70b9154095717963", "qanta_id": 95096, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In this religion, those who have conquered their internal passions are known as jina. This religion believes that every living being has the potential to become God, and its followers advocate an important prayer known as the Namokar Mantra. The issue of whether nudity is required differentiates the two major sects of this religion, the Digambaras and Svetambaras. This religion's leaders include the twenty-four \"bridge-makers,\" or Tirthankaras. Some of its adherents wear masks to avoid inhaling and killing insects so as to follow the doctrine of ahimsa, or nonviolence. For 10 points, name this Indian religion founded by Mahavira.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 241 ], [ 242, 366 ], [ 367, 448 ], [ 449, 575 ], [ 576, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Charlemagne [accept Charles the Great or Charles the Magnificent or Charles I or Karolus Magnus; prompt on Charles]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Under this man's rule, Eric of Friuli was killed by Viseslav during the Siege of Trsat.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "58b0b7cf70b9154095717964", "qanta_id": 95097, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Under this man's rule, Eric of Friuli was killed by Viseslav during the Siege of Trsat. He angered Desiderius by abandoning Desiderada for Hildegard, and this man conquered the Avars. This man split lands with his brother Carloman after the death of his father. He wielded a golden sword named Joyeuse and co-ruled with Louis the Pious for the last two years of his life. For 10 points, name this son of Pepin the Short.and the grandson of Charles Martel who was crowned as the first Holy Roman Emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 183 ], [ 184, 261 ], [ 262, 371 ], [ 372, 503 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Death in Venice [accept Der Tod in Venedig]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A boatman in this novel hastily leaves without collecting any money, supposedly because he fears getting caught without a license.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_in_Venice", "proto_id": "58b0b7cf70b9154095717968", "qanta_id": 95101, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A boatman in this novel hastily leaves without collecting any money, supposedly because he fears getting caught without a license. The protagonist of this novel discovers that his luggage was sent to Como, and decides to stay at the Hotel des Bains. He becomes sick after eating overripe strawberries, and is disturbed by the fact that he is attracted to a Polish boy. The title event occurs while the protagonist watches Tadzio on an Italian beach. For 10 points, name this novel about the demise of Gustav von Aschenbach in the title city, a work by Thomas Mann.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 249 ], [ 250, 368 ], [ 369, 449 ], [ 450, 564 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Shiva", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This deity gave a bow to King Janaka, which Rama broke when he won the hand of Sita.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Shiva", "proto_id": "58b0b7cf70b9154095717975", "qanta_id": 95114, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This deity gave a bow to King Janaka, which Rama broke when he won the hand of Sita. He crushed the dwarf Apasmara with his right foot and yielded a trident that represented the three gunas. He is often depicted wearing the cobra Naga around his neck, and he swallowed the poison Halahala to obtain his blue throat. His vehicle is the white bull Nandi, and he is often depicted as Nataraja, the eternal dancer. His third eye destroys everything before it. For 10 points, name this husband of Parvati and destroyer god of the Hindu Trimurti.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 190 ], [ 191, 315 ], [ 316, 410 ], [ 411, 455 ], [ 456, 540 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Linear Momentum", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Noether's theorem shows that this quantity is conserved when the Lagrangian of a system possesses translational invariance, and its quantum mechanical operator is equal to negative i h-bar times the gradient operator.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Momentum", "proto_id": "58b0b7cf70b9154095717979", "qanta_id": 95118, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Noether's theorem shows that this quantity is conserved when the Lagrangian of a system possesses translational invariance, and its quantum mechanical operator is equal to negative i h-bar times the gradient operator. The de Broglie wavelength is inversely proportional to it, and the derivative of this quantity with respect to time is force. Impulse equals the change in this quantity, which is conserved by all collisions of a closed system. For 10 points, name this quantity often symbolized as p, the product of mass and velocity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 343 ], [ 344, 444 ], [ 445, 535 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Second Anglo-Boer War [do not accept \"First Boer War\"]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One slogan during this war was \"remember Majuba Hill\". The Battle of Colenso occurred during Black Week before Lord Roberts took command, and the later founder of the Boy Scouts, Robert Baden-Powell, defended Mafeking during this war.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Second_Boer_War", "proto_id": "58b0b7cf70b9154095717981", "qanta_id": 95126, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One slogan during this war was \"remember Majuba Hill\". The Battle of Colenso occurred during Black Week before Lord Roberts took command, and the later founder of the Boy Scouts, Robert Baden-Powell, defended Mafeking during this war. The Jameson Raid helped lead to this war, and Lord Kitchener used a scorched earth policy to combat the guerrila warfare of Generals Jan Smuts and Louis Botha. Ending the independence of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State, For 10 points, name this war between the namesake farmers of Dutch descent and the British in South Africa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 234 ], [ 235, 394 ], [ 395, 462 ], [ 463, 570 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Nighthawks", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this painting, a man holds an unlit cigarette between his fingers, and several windows with green blinds can be seen on a building.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nighthawks", "proto_id": "58b0b7cf70b9154095717989", "qanta_id": 95134, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In this painting, a man holds an unlit cigarette between his fingers, and several windows with green blinds can be seen on a building. A yellow door without a doorknob appears on the right side of this work, and the entrance to the central building cannot be found. A person in white clothing stands behind a triangular counter, and an advertisement for Phillies cigars appears on the top of the central building. A woman wearing a red dress sits next to a man in a suit. For 10 points, names this depiction of an empty street and a bar, a work of Edward Hopper.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 265 ], [ 266, 413 ], [ 414, 471 ], [ 472, 562 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pi [prompt on 3.14159... before mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The square root of this quantity is obtained when the gamma function is evaluated at one-half, and it can be approximated by Buffon's needle problem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pi", "proto_id": "58b0b7d070b9154095717990", "qanta_id": 95141, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "The square root of this quantity is obtained when the gamma function is evaluated at one-half, and it can be approximated by Buffon's needle problem. The probability density function of the normal distribution has a coefficient of two times this quantity all to the negative one-half power, and e to the i raised to this power equals negative 1. The sine function equals zero at integer multiples of it. It is multiplied by four-thirds times the radius cubed to find the volume of a sphere, and it is also the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. For 10 points, name this transcendental number commonly approximated as 3.14.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 345 ], [ 346, 403 ], [ 404, 560 ], [ 561, 638 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Commonwealth of Australia", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel from this country, Mrs. Ruth Godbold and her children watch the destruction of Xanadu, a house previously owned by Miss Hare.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Australia", "proto_id": "58b0b7d070b9154095717992", "qanta_id": 95143, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one novel from this country, Mrs. Ruth Godbold and her children watch the destruction of Xanadu, a house previously owned by Miss Hare. That novel is Riders in the Chariot. One author from this country described the murder of the Healy and Newby families in The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith. One author from this country wrote about Laura Trevelyan and the title German explorer's attempt to cross an entire continent in Voss, and another author from this country wrote about a bet centered on transporting a glass cathedral in Oscar and Lucinda. For 10 points, name this country home to Thomas Keneally, Patrick White, and Peter Carey.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 175 ], [ 176, 292 ], [ 293, 547 ], [ 548, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The Prince [accept Il Principe]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work suggests that it is better to give citizens weapons freely rather than forcibly confiscate them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Prince", "proto_id": "58b0b7d070b9154095717999", "qanta_id": 95150, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This work suggests that it is better to give citizens weapons freely rather than forcibly confiscate them. It asserts that it is better for one to have barons than servants, and mercenaries are declared to be both useless and disloyal in this work. This book warns against flatterers, and it personifies fortune as a woman that must be controlled. It praises Cesare Borgia and also advises rulers to be both a fox and a lion. This work declares that it is better to be feared than loved. For 10 points, name this political treatise written for one of the Medicis by Niccolo Machiavelli.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 248 ], [ 249, 347 ], [ 348, 425 ], [ 426, 487 ], [ 488, 586 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Red Blood Cells [accept Erythrocytes]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A precursor stage to the formation of these cells is the creation of a normoblast, and they express the CD47 marker to protect themselves from phagocytosis.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Red_blood_cell", "proto_id": "58b0b7d070b915409571799d", "qanta_id": 95154, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "A precursor stage to the formation of these cells is the creation of a normoblast, and they express the CD47 marker to protect themselves from phagocytosis. The Coombs test is used to detect antibodies on the surface of these cells, and immature ones are known as reticulocytes. Excessive production of them is known as polycythemia, and they form in the bone marrow and are destroyed in the spleen. These biconcave cells lack nuclei, though they become distorted in people with sickle cell anemia. For 10 points, identify these cells that deliver oxygen via the circulatory system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 278 ], [ 279, 399 ], [ 400, 498 ], [ 499, 582 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This scientist showed a quantitative link between Rayleigh scattering and critical opalescence, and he also created a theory of stimulated emission for use in lasers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Einstein", "proto_id": "58b0b7d070b91540957179a2", "qanta_id": 95159, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This scientist showed a quantitative link between Rayleigh scattering and critical opalescence, and he also created a theory of stimulated emission for use in lasers. This scientist who names a set of ten field equations worked with Rosen and Podolsky to develop the EPR paradox. With Satyendra Bose, he developed statistics predicting the behavior of bosons, and this physicist won the Nobel Prize for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. For 10 points, name this developer of the theories of special and general relativity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 279 ], [ 280, 447 ], [ 448, 533 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Kinetic Energy [prompt on Energy]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One representation of this quantity is equal to the momentum squared over two times mass, and it is represented in the Lagrangian with a capital T. The equipartition theorem dictates that for molecules in an ideal gas, this quantity is equal to three-halves times the Boltzmann constant times temperature.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kinetic_energy", "proto_id": "58b0b7d070b91540957179a6", "qanta_id": 95163, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "One representation of this quantity is equal to the momentum squared over two times mass, and it is represented in the Lagrangian with a capital T. The equipartition theorem dictates that for molecules in an ideal gas, this quantity is equal to three-halves times the Boltzmann constant times temperature. The change in this quantity is equal to power times time, and inelastic collisions do not conserve this quantity. For 10 points, name this quantity defined as one-half times the mass times velocity squared, the energy possessed by objects in motion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 305 ], [ 306, 419 ], [ 420, 555 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "August Strindberg", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Though not Dante, this author wrote Inferno, in which his alter ego travels through hell and emerges purified of his sins.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "August_Strindberg", "proto_id": "58b0b7d070b91540957179bc", "qanta_id": 95185, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Though not Dante, this author wrote Inferno, in which his alter ego travels through hell and emerges purified of his sins. One character by this author locks the Captain in a room while she examines his private papers; that character appears in The Father. He wrote about Old Man Jacob Hummel, who instructs Arkenholz to attend a performance of Richard Wagner, and his most famous work features a character who commits suicide with a razor given to her by Jean. For 10 points, name this Swedish author of The Ghost Sonata and Miss Julie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 256 ], [ 257, 461 ], [ 462, 537 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Marduk [accept Bel]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This mythological figure built a palace named Esharra after his greatest victory, and he gave his son Nabu a dragon named Mushussu.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marduk", "proto_id": "58b0b7d070b91540957179bf", "qanta_id": 95188, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This mythological figure built a palace named Esharra after his greatest victory, and he gave his son Nabu a dragon named Mushussu. His father warned a figure of a great flood that would destroy mankind, and his four horses each held poison in their mouths. He organized the years into months after his victory over a monster. He created tornados with the winds given to him by Anu, and he disturbed a monster that he would later defeat with a net and an arrow. For 10 points, name this god who defeated Tiamat in a battle to become the chief god of Babylon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 257 ], [ 258, 326 ], [ 327, 461 ], [ 462, 558 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Friction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One model describing this phenomenon is named for Tomlinson, which results in a slip-stick variety if a namesake parameter is greater than 1.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friction", "proto_id": "58b0b7d070b91540957179c5", "qanta_id": 95194, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "One model describing this phenomenon is named for Tomlinson, which results in a slip-stick variety if a namesake parameter is greater than 1. For a belt-pulley system, this quantity is proportional to e to the angle the belt makes leaving the pulley versus entering it. One law by Coulomb and two laws by Amonton describe it, and its usual mechanical form is given by the normal force of an object times its namesake coefficient. It comes in static and kinetic varieties, and this force always opposes the direction of motion. For 10 points, name this force that results from two surfaces being in contact.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 269 ], [ 270, 429 ], [ 430, 526 ], [ 527, 606 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Isabel Allende Llona", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a short story by this author, Elena is rejected by Jose Bernal after spying on her mother.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isabel_Allende", "proto_id": "58b0b7d070b91540957179d2", "qanta_id": 95207, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In a short story by this author, Elena is rejected by Jose Bernal after spying on her mother. This author of \"Wicked Girl\" wrote a series of stories dedicated to the author's unconscious child in Paula. She wrote about the granddaughter of Eliza Sommers in Portrait in Sepia, and about a title character that falls in love with Rolf Carle. In another of her works, Clara prophesies that she will marry Esteban when she is nineteen years old. This author of Eva Luna created the Trueba family in another novel. For 10 points, names this Chilean author of The House of the Spirits.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 202 ], [ 203, 339 ], [ 340, 441 ], [ 442, 509 ], [ 510, 579 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Igor Stravinsky", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer referred one of his works as his \"war symphony\", which he wrote as a response to World War II.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Igor_Stravinsky", "proto_id": "58b0b7d170b91540957179d7", "qanta_id": 95212, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer referred one of his works as his \"war symphony\", which he wrote as a response to World War II. Along with Symphony in Three Movements, he composed an opera based on the paintings of Hogarth and wrote an atonal ballet for twelve dancers known as Agon. He composed a work lacking violins and violas, whose three sections were inspired by three chapters of the Bible. In addition to Symphony of Psalms, another of his ballets sees Prince Ivan helped by the title creature, while the section \"Adoration of the Earth\" begins another of his works. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of The Firebird and The Rite of Spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 264 ], [ 265, 378 ], [ 379, 555 ], [ 556, 637 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "David Hume", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "In one essay, this thinker noted that in all languages, the word \"virtue\" implies praise just as \"vice\" does blame\", and asserted that \"strong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice\" is necessary for a person to produce proper aesthetic judgment.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "58b0b7d170b91540957179f5", "qanta_id": 95242, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In one essay, this thinker noted that in all languages, the word \"virtue\" implies praise just as \"vice\" does blame\", and asserted that \"strong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice\" is necessary for a person to produce proper aesthetic judgment. Another work by this author of \"Of the Standard of Taste\" sees this man's character claim that neither belief in God's existence nor God's can be known through any human reason, arguing against Demea and Cleanthes. That argument for religion based on faith alone is continued in a work by this man that distingushes between \"relations of ideas\" and \"matters of fact\". That work also acknowledges an objection to its claim that all ideas derive from impressions in its thought experiment about all examples of a certain color. For 10 points, name this author of Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion who introduced the \"missing shade of blue\" in An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 320 ], [ 321, 535 ], [ 536, 688 ], [ 689, 846 ], [ 847, 1008 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix [or Ferdinand Victor Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix; accept Last Words of Emperor Marcus Aurelius before \"this man\"]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A pair of scrolls sit on the floor in the foreground of one of this man's works, which also depicts black-clad philosophers surrounding the reclining title figure, who grips the arm of his disinterested son Commodus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eug\u00e8ne_Delacroix", "proto_id": "58b0b7d470b9154095717a9d", "qanta_id": 95409, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "A pair of scrolls sit on the floor in the foreground of one of this man's works, which also depicts black-clad philosophers surrounding the reclining title figure, who grips the arm of his disinterested son Commodus. This artist of Last Words of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius painted a double portrait of a female writer sewing while her lover plays the piano that was later cut in half. His paintings of animals include A Young Tiger Playing with its Mother and a work that shows a kneeling man milking a mare as a group of the title nomadic herdsmen gather around a blue-clad poet. This artist of a double portrait of Frederic Chopin and George Sand painted Ovid Among the Scythians 25 years after a work which depicts three women lounging around a hookah as a black servant walks through a harem. For 10 points, name this artist of Women of Algiers, a French painter who also created The Barque of Dante and Liberty Leading the People.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 217, 385 ], [ 386, 581 ], [ 582, 797 ], [ 798, 936 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca [or Federico del Sagrado Coraz\u00f3n de Jes\u00fas Garc\u00eda Lorca]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This author described \"the cloudy wind and the clean wind\" as \"two pheasants who fly by the towers\" in a poem whose opening stanza repeats \"every evening\" three times.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Federico_Garc\u00eda_Lorca", "proto_id": "58b0b7d570b9154095717aef", "qanta_id": 95491, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author described \"the cloudy wind and the clean wind\" as \"two pheasants who fly by the towers\" in a poem whose opening stanza repeats \"every evening\" three times. One collection by this author of \"The Ghazal of the Dead Child\" personifies the wind as a lustful satyr chasing a young girl and alludes to the \"deep poem\" of his inaugural collection. One of his collections contains a poem that opens with the lines \"Out in the sky, no one sleeps. No one, no one, no one sleeps\"; that collection includes the repeated image of the \"void\", or \"hueco\", and also furthers its author's conception of the \"duende\". He also wrote a poem divided into the sections \"The Spilled Blood\" and \"Cogita and Death\", which respectively feature repetitions of the lines \"I will not see it!\" and \"at five in the afternoon.\" For 10 points, name this poet who included \"Sleepless City (Brooklyn Bridge Nocturne)\" in his Poet in New York and wrote \"Lament for the Death of a Bullfighter\" before being killed in the Spanish Civil War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 352 ], [ 353, 449 ], [ 450, 611 ], [ 612, 775 ], [ 776, 806 ], [ 806, 1014 ] ], "tournament": "Minnesota Open", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Romance of the Three Kingdoms [accept S\u0101ngu\u00f3 Y\u01ceny\u00ec]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Most versions of this novel are prefaced with a poem that ends asking \"how many things from the olden times till now / are all laughed away in talk.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms", "proto_id": "58b0b7d770b9154095717b4e", "qanta_id": 95586, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Most versions of this novel are prefaced with a poem that ends asking \"how many things from the olden times till now / are all laughed away in talk.\" One character blames the sound of thunder when he drops his eating utensils, but he actually dropped them because he heard his drinking companion say that the only heroes left under heaven were themselves. (*) In this novel, Ch\u00e1n helps L\u01da B\u00f9 in a plot to kill his foster father, D\u01d2ng Zhu\u00f3. This novel begins when three strangers swear eternal brotherhood in the Oath of the Peach Garden. This novel by Lu\u00f3 Gu\u00e0nzh\u014dng depicts the exploits of C\u00e1o C\u0101o and begins during the Yellow Turban Rebellion. For 10 points, name this classical Chinese novel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 148, 355 ], [ 356, 439 ], [ 440, 537 ], [ 538, 644 ], [ 645, 694 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "ketones", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Solid iodoform formation is involved in a common method for testing for methyl versions of this functional group.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ketone", "proto_id": "58b0b7d770b9154095717b57", "qanta_id": 95595, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Solid iodoform formation is involved in a common method for testing for methyl versions of this functional group. With a thorium oxide catalyst, a dicarboxylic acid is converted into a cyclic version of these and in another reaction, thioesters and organozinc compounds also couple to form these. In addition to being the product of Ruzicka cyclization and Fukuyama Coupling, these tautomerizable compounds can be treated with either (*) mCPBA or hydrogen peroxide to form esters in the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. Their \"bodies\" are found in the urine of starving people and, more commonly, diabetics. These compounds result after secondary alcohols are oxidized. For 10 points, name this functional group, which has a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to two carbon groups, the simplest of which is acetone.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 296 ], [ 297, 513 ], [ 514, 601 ], [ 602, 663 ], [ 664, 836 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "John Locke", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work, this thinker asserted that legitimate slavery could only occur when an unjust aggressor is defeated in a war.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Locke", "proto_id": "58b0b7d770b9154095717b6d", "qanta_id": 95616, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In one work, this thinker asserted that legitimate slavery could only occur when an unjust aggressor is defeated in a war. A different section of that work postulates that the introduction of currency marked the end of many of the laws of nature. He authored a legal document that provided the vote to all landholders of at least fifty acres and voided all laws automatically after one hundred years. He argued that force was not an effective means of changing (*) beliefs in his A Letter Concerning Toleration. He also argued that simple ideas are the first constructs imposed upon the mind, which begins as a tabula rasa. For 10 points, name this author of Two Treatises on Government and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 246 ], [ 247, 400 ], [ 401, 511 ], [ 512, 623 ], [ 624, 731 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "iron [accept Fe before it is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The homeostasis of this element in the body is partially mediated by Repulsive Guidance Molecule C and in the intestines it is transported by DMT1.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iron", "proto_id": "58b0b7d870b9154095717b7c", "qanta_id": 95631, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The homeostasis of this element in the body is partially mediated by Repulsive Guidance Molecule C and in the intestines it is transported by DMT1. One protein that regulates this element is made of 24 protein subunits, stores this in the center of a spherical structure as a crystalline solid, and releases this as an ion attached to 6 water molecules. (*) One compound containing this element is bound to by histidine F8 to protein. A protein with it was the first protein to have its structure successfully determined by x-ray crystallography. A related protein can bind this cooperatively and has four subunits. This element's concentration is regulated by ferritin and it is contained in the porphyrin ring heme as part of its role as a carrier for oxygen in hemoglobin. For 10 points, name this element symbolized Fe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 353 ], [ 354, 357 ], [ 358, 434 ], [ 435, 546 ], [ 547, 615 ], [ 616, 775 ], [ 776, 823 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Diels-Alder reaction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A paper by Hermitage et al. concluded that one form of this reaction for N-aryl imines occurs in a stepwise mechanism with one reactant approaching the activated imine via a B\u00fcrgi-Dunitz trajectory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diels\u2013Alder_reaction", "proto_id": "58b0b7d870b9154095717b83", "qanta_id": 95638, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "A paper by Hermitage et al. concluded that one form of this reaction for N-aryl imines occurs in a stepwise mechanism with one reactant approaching the activated imine via a B\u00fcrgi-Dunitz trajectory. This reaction is often catalyzed by Lewis acids such as ytterbium (III) triflate. Its products tend to have their longest bridges with substituents that are cis oriented. A particularly reactive reagent used in this reaction is named for (*) Danishefsky. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbitals of the two reactants interact in the frontier orbital theory of this reaction. It has an aza variety and it can be used to produce cyclohexane from ethene and butadiene. This reaction generally follows the cis principle and endo addition rule. For 10 points, name this doubly-eponymous reaction that requires little energy and involves the 4+2 cycloaddition of a conjugated diene to a dienophile.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 198 ], [ 199, 280 ], [ 281, 369 ], [ 370, 453 ], [ 454, 584 ], [ 585, 675 ], [ 676, 749 ], [ 750, 902 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "alkenes [accept olefines]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Prochiral version of these compounds are changed to 1,2-diols with a oxidant like NMO and an osmium tetroxide catalyst in a reaction named for Sharpless.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkene", "proto_id": "58b0b7d870b9154095717b88", "qanta_id": 95643, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Prochiral version of these compounds are changed to 1,2-diols with a oxidant like NMO and an osmium tetroxide catalyst in a reaction named for Sharpless. A zinc-copper catalyst is used in a reaction where a carbene and this type of compound form cyclopropane. Another reaction that uses them has a step where hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the compound formed after the addition of another substance dissolved in THF; that reaction results in alcohol. They are used in the Simmons-Smith reaction and alkyl halides react with triphenylphosphine to form an (*) ylide reagent that is combined with a carbonyl to create these compounds. Their simplest form is a hormone in plants and they undergo hydroboration, which is an anti-Markovnikov process. The E-Z notation extends cis-tran isomerism in them. For 10 points, name this functional group created in the Wittig reaction that have at least one carbon-carbon double bond.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 259 ], [ 260, 447 ], [ 448, 628 ], [ 629, 741 ], [ 742, 794 ], [ 795, 917 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de La Mancha", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a story from this work, Anselmo tries to test his wife Camilla by having his friend, Lothario, seduce her; to his consternation, his friend succeeds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "58b0b7d870b9154095717b95", "qanta_id": 95656, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In a story from this work, Anselmo tries to test his wife Camilla by having his friend, Lothario, seduce her; to his consternation, his friend succeeds. That story, \"The Tale of Foolish Curiosity,\" is told at the inn of Juan Palomeque. In this novel, the priest Pedro Perez conspires with Master Nicholas while the protagonist recuperates. This novel is divided into two parts, the second of which is said to be written by an (*) Arab scholar known as Cide Hamete Benengeli. The title character of this novel falls in love with Aldonza Lorenzo and is defeated by Samson Carrasco, the Knight of the White Moon. For 10 points, name this novel about a companion of Sancho Panza who attacks windmills, written by Miguel de Cervantes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 152 ], [ 153, 235 ], [ 236, 339 ], [ 340, 474 ], [ 475, 609 ], [ 610, 729 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Lolita", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this novel, the narrator is told the word \"waterproof\" instead of the name of his antagonist, referring back to a conversation in which that antagonist is described as Ivor's dangerous nephew.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lolita", "proto_id": "58b0b7d970b9154095717bc2", "qanta_id": 95701, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this novel, the narrator is told the word \"waterproof\" instead of the name of his antagonist, referring back to a conversation in which that antagonist is described as Ivor's dangerous nephew. The narrator of this novel considers killing his wife Charlotte before she is accidentally hit and killed by a car. The (*) Enchanted Hunters is both a play in which this novel's title character has a part and an inn where the pornographer Clare Quilty first meets the narrator and his stepdaughter Dolores Haze. For 10 points, name this novel in which Humbert Humbert has pedophilic relations with the title nymphet, a work by Vladimir Nabokov.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 195 ], [ 196, 311 ], [ 312, 319 ], [ 320, 508 ], [ 509, 641 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Edward Benjamin Britten", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer used coffee mugs to imitate the sound of rain in an opera retelling the story of Noah, while one of his Noh-inspired works sees the Madwoman discover the grave of her son along the titular body of water.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Benjamin_Britten", "proto_id": "58b0b7d970b9154095717bdc", "qanta_id": 95727, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer used coffee mugs to imitate the sound of rain in an opera retelling the story of Noah, while one of his Noh-inspired works sees the Madwoman discover the grave of her son along the titular body of water. Sid and Nancy get the titular \"King of May\" drunk in another opera by this man, who composed the \"Church Parable\" Curlew River as well as Albert Herring. Other operas by this composer include The Rape of Lucretia and a work with libretto by (*) W.H. Auden which features the cook Hot Biscuit Sam and Babe the Blue Ox. In addition to Paul Bunyan, this man also composed an opera based on the poem \"The Borough\" by George Crabbe; in that work, Mrs. Sedley leads a mob against the title character, a fisherman accused of murdering his apprentice. For 10 points, name this composer of Peter Grimes who also composed the Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 371 ], [ 372, 462 ], [ 463, 535 ], [ 536, 761 ], [ 762, 872 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Petrarch [or Francesco Petrarca]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote, \"You say she is not so today? Well, though the bow's unbent, the wound bleeds on\" in a poem beginning", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Petrarch", "proto_id": "58b0b7d970b9154095717bef", "qanta_id": 95746, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote, \"You say she is not so today? Well, though the bow's unbent, the wound bleeds on\" in a poem beginning \"She used to let her golden hair fly free.\" In another work, this author recalls feeling chastised after opening St. Augustine's Confessions to a random page. In that letter addressed to Dionisio di Borgo San Sepolcro, he recalls performing the title feat with his brother Gherardo to enjoy the (*) view. In addition to writing \"The Ascent of Mount Ventoux,\" he wrote an epic that follows Scipio Africanus during the Second Punic War, entitled Africa. In his Rime Sparse, he collected 366 poems later published in a work entitled Songbook. For 10 points, name this Italian humanist, whose Canzoniere contains a number of poems addressed to Laura.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 164 ], [ 165, 279 ], [ 280, 425 ], [ 426, 572 ], [ 573, 660 ], [ 661, 767 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Republic of Hungary [or Magyar K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g]", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country's Bakony Mountains lie in its west near the town of Tapolca, where visitors can explore a subterranean lake known as Cave Lake.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "58b0b7da70b9154095717bf4", "qanta_id": 95751, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This country's Bakony Mountains lie in its west near the town of Tapolca, where visitors can explore a subterranean lake known as Cave Lake. A large, continuous grassland region called Hortob\u00e1gy is located in this country, whose Baranya region borders its southern neighbor at the Drava River. The \"Great\" and \"Little\" Alf\u00f6lds, or plains, make up most of this country, which is bisected by the Tisza River in the east. Its highest point of K\u00e9kes is located in the M\u00e1tra Range, and this country is also home to Lake H\u00e9v\u00edz, the largest thermal lake in Europe. Lying entirely on the Pannonian Plain, it is also home to Lake (*) Balaton and is bisected by the Danube River, upon which its capital sits. Also containing such cities as P\u00e9cs and Debrecen, this is, for 10 points, what landlocked European nation with its capital at Budapest?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 293 ], [ 294, 418 ], [ 419, 557 ], [ 558, 698 ], [ 699, 834 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Theseus", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man performed the winding \"Crane dance\" around the altar of Aphrodite in Delos.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theseus", "proto_id": "58b0b7da70b9154095717bfb", "qanta_id": 95758, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man performed the winding \"Crane dance\" around the altar of Aphrodite in Delos. This character is repeatedly called \"treacherous\" in the 64th poem of Catullus. After being sent on a quest by his stepmother, this man was hosted by the old woman Hecale. This man also fought Creon over the burial of the Seven Against Thebes. This man sheltered a friend who had murdered his own family because that friend, Heracles, had rescued this man from the (*) underworld. This man killed a figure who made passersby fit into a bed by any means necessary, the bandit Procrustes, while journeying to meet his father Aegeus. This husband of Hippolyta and Phaedra was sent to an island on which Ariadne helped him escape a labyrinth. For 10 points, name this slayer of the Minotaur.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 84 ], [ 85, 164 ], [ 165, 256 ], [ 257, 328 ], [ 329, 465 ], [ 466, 615 ], [ 616, 723 ], [ 724, 772 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "New York City", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One poem claims that this city has \"rivers overflowing with the corpses of babies\" and describes the speaker's disillusionment with its \"Legs and breasts without smell or sweat;\" that poem was written by Leopold Senghor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_York_City", "proto_id": "58b0b7da70b9154095717bfc", "qanta_id": 95759, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One poem claims that this city has \"rivers overflowing with the corpses of babies\" and describes the speaker's disillusionment with its \"Legs and breasts without smell or sweat;\" that poem was written by Leopold Senghor. In a novel set here, Peter Stillman, who was kept from humanity by his abusive father for nine years, hires an author of detective fiction as an actual detective. This city is the setting for the novels Ghosts, The Locked Room, and (*) City of Glass. Garcia Lorca titled one of his collections \"The Poet in\" this city, the setting for a trilogy by Paul Auster. For 10 points, name this city home to a biweekly \"Review of Books,\" also the setting for Walt Whitman's \"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 220 ], [ 221, 383 ], [ 384, 471 ], [ 472, 516 ], [ 516, 581 ], [ 582, 712 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus [or Gaius Octavius Thurinus; or Octavian]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One building built in honor of this man has an eastern relief in which two goddesses, riding a sea serpent and a swan, flank a personification of Tellus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Augustus", "proto_id": "58b0b7da70b9154095717bfd", "qanta_id": 95760, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classical", "text": "One building built in honor of this man has an eastern relief in which two goddesses, riding a sea serpent and a swan, flank a personification of Tellus. In one sculpture of this man, a cupid is riding on a vertically-oriented dolphin next to his right leg. In that sculpture, he holds a baton in his right hand and wears a breastplate ornamented with a sphinx on each shoulder and other gods representing his accomplishments. The (*) Ara Pacis was built to honor this man's achievements, while a famous marble statue of this man was found at Prima Porta. A building built during this man's reign is located in the south of the Piazza della Rotonda and contains a large oculus at the top to let in light. For 10 points, name this emperor who presided over the building of the Pantheon, the first emperor of Rome.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 257 ], [ 258, 426 ], [ 427, 555 ], [ 556, 704 ], [ 705, 812 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ethiopia [accept Abyssinia]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Great Britain's response to one invasion of this country was polled for by the Peace Ballot.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ethiopia", "proto_id": "58b0b7da70b9154095717c14", "qanta_id": 95783, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Great Britain's response to one invasion of this country was polled for by the Peace Ballot. One leader of this country failed to replace the Maria Theresa thaler and became king of this country following the Battle of Gallabat. This country fought the battle of Debenguina during its Christmas Offensive in response to an invasion prompted by the Walwal incident. One leader of this country succeeded (*) Yohannes IV and signed the Treaty of Wuchale, before winning the Battle of Adowa. Italy's second invasion of this country prompted its leader to appeal to the League of Nations. For 10 points, name this African country formerly led by Menelik II and Halie Salessie, with capital at Addis Ababa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 228 ], [ 229, 364 ], [ 365, 405 ], [ 406, 487 ], [ 488, 583 ], [ 584, 700 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Pablo Neruda [or Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one poem, this author describes holding 'the sword against the heart\" and claims he is \"soaked in the sperm of your species/nursed on the blood of your inheritance.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "58b0b7db70b9154095717c41", "qanta_id": 95828, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one poem, this author describes holding 'the sword against the heart\" and claims he is \"soaked in the sperm of your species/nursed on the blood of your inheritance.\" This poet of \"America, I Do Not Invoke Your Name in Vain\" criticized the Anaconda Mining Company in a section called \"The (*) Oligarchies.\" He also wrote a poem in twelve cantos that addresses the slaves who built the title structure with the line \"rise up to be born with me, my brother\" after ascending to the title Incan ruins. For 10 points, name this author, who included \"The Heights of Machu Picchu\" in Canto General, a Chilean poet who also wrote \"Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 190 ], [ 190, 308 ], [ 309, 499 ], [ 500, 666 ] ], "tournament": "Missiles of October", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "black holes", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "If one of these objects has an ergosphere, energy may be extracted from it until it loses its angular momentum.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Black_hole", "proto_id": "58b0b7dc70b9154095717c5a", "qanta_id": 95853, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "If one of these objects has an ergosphere, energy may be extracted from it until it loses its angular momentum. If it does not possess electric charge, it will become the Schwarzchild type once it stops rotating. The (*) no-hair theorem states that mass, charge, and angular momentum are their only observable qualities outside the event horizon. For 10 points, name these astronomical objects from which not even light can escape.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 212 ], [ 213, 346 ], [ 347, 431 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Washington Irving", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author of Tales of the Alhambra used pseudonyms like \"Jonathan Oldstyle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Washington_Irving", "proto_id": "58b0b7dc70b9154095717c5e", "qanta_id": 95857, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author of Tales of the Alhambra used pseudonyms like \"Jonathan Oldstyle.\" One of his short stories concerns Abraham Van Brunt and Katrina Van Tassel. In another, a Dutch settler falls asleep in the Catskill Mountains. A long-dead Hessian pursues (*) Ichabod Crane in one of this author's works. For 10 points, name this author, whose collection The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon includes \"Rip Van Winkle\" and \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 77, 154 ], [ 155, 222 ], [ 223, 250 ], [ 251, 299 ], [ 300, 444 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Ramesses II or Ramesses the Great (accept Ramesses after \"Great,\" and prompt on it before; accept Ozymandias before mentioned)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man signed a treaty with Hattusili III 16 years after engaging Muwatalli II in a large chariot battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ramesses_II", "proto_id": "58b0b7dc70b9154095717c5f", "qanta_id": 95858, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This man signed a treaty with Hattusili III 16 years after engaging Muwatalli II in a large chariot battle. His reign saw the building of the Abu Simbel temples, including statues of him and his wife, Nefertari. Known to the Greeks as (*) Ozymandias, many scholars believe that this leader, who fought the Hittites at Kadesh, was the Pharaoh of the Book of Exodus. For 10 points, name this \"Great\" 19th dynasty Pharoah of Egypt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 211 ], [ 212, 238 ], [ 239, 364 ], [ 365, 428 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Leonardo da Vinci (accept either underlined name)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this artist's works, Mary supports an infant John the Baptist who looks, with clasped hands, toward the infant Christ.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonardo_da_Vinci", "proto_id": "58b0b7dc70b9154095717c65", "qanta_id": 95864, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In one of this artist's works, Mary supports an infant John the Baptist who looks, with clasped hands, toward the infant Christ. A distantly-seen bridge fades into blue behind a veiled figure in another work by this man. This painter of two (*) Madonnas of the Rocks painted an anatomical model inscribed in a circle and Francesco del Giacondo's wife with a mysterious smile. For 10 points, name this artist of Vitruvian Man and the Mona Lisa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 220 ], [ 221, 320 ], [ 321, 375 ], [ 376, 443 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Kurt Vonnegut", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Norman Mushari uses the philanthropy of one of this author's characters to try to prove him insane.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kurt_Vonnegut", "proto_id": "58b0b7dd70b9154095717c81", "qanta_id": 95892, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Norman Mushari uses the philanthropy of one of this author's characters to try to prove him insane. Maniacs in the Fourth Dimension was written by a character in this author's novel (*) Breakfast of Champions. Besides Eliot Rosewater and Kilgore Trout, he created a character who goes to Tralfamadore and saw the firebombing of Dresden. For 10 points, name this author who wrote about Billy Pilgrim in his novel Slaughterhouse-Five.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 209 ], [ 210, 336 ], [ 337, 432 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "F(rancis) Scott (Key) Fitzgerald", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author created the character Anthony Patch and wrote the short stories \"Bernice Bobs Her Hair\" and \"The Diamond as Big as the Ritz.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "F._Scott_Fitzgerald", "proto_id": "58b0b7dd70b9154095717c9c", "qanta_id": 95919, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author created the character Anthony Patch and wrote the short stories \"Bernice Bobs Her Hair\" and \"The Diamond as Big as the Ritz.\" This author of The Beautiful and the Damned wrote about Dick Diver in Tender is the Night. Meyer Wolfsheim and (*) Jordan Baker appear in one novel by this author, in which Nick Carraway sees the title character longing for Daisy Buchanan. For 10 points, name this American author of The Great Gatsby.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 228 ], [ 229, 377 ], [ 378, 439 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "density", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The orthobaric type of this measurement is used for coexisting states of matter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Density", "proto_id": "58b0b7dd70b9154095717ca2", "qanta_id": 95925, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The orthobaric type of this measurement is used for coexisting states of matter. Specific gravity compares a ratio of these values. Buoyancy uses this concept in order to determine if an object will (*) sink or float. This measurement for water is given as 1 gram per cubic centimeter. Symbolized by the Greek letter rho, for 10 points, name this quantity that is equal to mass over volume.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 131 ], [ 132, 217 ], [ 218, 285 ], [ 286, 390 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "kinetic energy (accept KE; prompt on K; prompt on energy)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It is not thrust, but the Oberth effect allows a rocket engine to generate this quantity at higher speeds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kinetic_energy", "proto_id": "58b0b7dd70b9154095717ca6", "qanta_id": 95929, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "It is not thrust, but the Oberth effect allows a rocket engine to generate this quantity at higher speeds. Another quantity is subtracted from this quantity to compute the Lagrangian. Temperature is proportional to molecules' amount of this quantity, which is not conserved in (*) inelastic collisions. For 10 points, name this quantity that is equal to one half mass times velocity squared, the energy possessed by moving objects.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 183 ], [ 184, 302 ], [ 303, 431 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The Metamorphosis (accept Die Verwandlung; do not accept Metamorphoses)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This story's protagonist is appalled to discover that he no longer likes milk, and he frightens his mother when he tries to save a picture of a woman in furs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Metamorphosis", "proto_id": "58b0b7dd70b9154095717cab", "qanta_id": 95934, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This story's protagonist is appalled to discover that he no longer likes milk, and he frightens his mother when he tries to save a picture of a woman in furs. In this story, Grete play her violin for some boarders, though they are scared away by her brother, who dies when an (*) apple lodges in his back. Beginning with Gregor Samsa's overnight transformation into a giant \"vermin,\" for 10 points, identify this Franz Kafka tale.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 305 ], [ 306, 430 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sikhism (accept Sikhs)", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Adherents of this religion are called Khalsas [kall-sah's] after baptism, and obey the Rehat Maryada [re-HAT mar-YAH-dah].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sikhism", "proto_id": "58b0b7dd70b9154095717caf", "qanta_id": 95938, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "Adherents of this religion are called Khalsas [kall-sah's] after baptism, and obey the Rehat Maryada [re-HAT mar-YAH-dah]. Kesh is the name given to uncut hair that is usually covered by Dastaar, a turban worn by members of this religion, who take the names (*) Singh or Kaur. Ten gurus have led this religion, which follows teachings from the Adi Granth [ah-dee GRAHNTH]. For 10 points, name this Indian religion, originally led by Guru Nanak Dev, whose five K's include the kirpan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 276 ], [ 277, 372 ], [ 373, 483 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this play, a father sends Reynaldo to France to spy on his son, and \"The Murder of Gonzago\" is staged to verify one character\u201fs guilt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hamlet", "proto_id": "58b0b7de70b9154095717ccc", "qanta_id": 95967, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In this play, a father sends Reynaldo to France to spy on his son, and \"The Murder of Gonzago\" is staged to verify one character\u201fs guilt. One character drowns under a willow tree after being rejected, and this play ends when the title character kills both (*) Laertes-- Ophelia's brother--and Claudius, who had earlier killed the protagonist's father. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare play about the title \"prince of Denmark.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 351 ], [ 352, 430 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Vincent van Gogh", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist of several portraits of Madame Ginoux [jee-NOH] painted a narrow room cluttered with pictures in Bedroom in Arles [ahr-l].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vincent_van_Gogh", "proto_id": "58b0b7de70b9154095717cd1", "qanta_id": 95972, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist of several portraits of Madame Ginoux [jee-NOH] painted a narrow room cluttered with pictures in Bedroom in Arles [ahr-l]. Many of his later works depict sunflowers. One painting by this man shows five peasants pouring tea and cutting into the title food. Another shows a shadowy (*) cypress in front of a sky filled with balls of swirling light. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist, who painted The Potato Eaters and Starry Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 177 ], [ 178, 267 ], [ 268, 358 ], [ 359, 445 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Quetzalcoatl", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god asked worms to bore holes in a conch to make a trumpet, and his blood was used to form the fifth world.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "58b0b7de70b9154095717cd2", "qanta_id": 95973, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This god asked worms to bore holes in a conch to make a trumpet, and his blood was used to form the fifth world. As a consequence for sleeping with his sister, this god was exiled by Tezcatlipoca [tet-SCOT-lee-POH-kah] and condemned to float on a raft of snakes. He brought fire from Mictlan [meek-t-lahn] with the help of his twin brother, (*) Xolotl [zoh-LAH-tuhl]. Symbolized by the morning star and once confused with Hernan Cortez, for 10 points, name this feathered-serpent Aztec god.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 262 ], [ 263, 367 ], [ 368, 490 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (or Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While at Bayreuth [bay-ROYT], this composer wrote the symphonic poem Francesca da Rimini.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky", "proto_id": "58b0b7de70b9154095717cd7", "qanta_id": 95978, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "While at Bayreuth [bay-ROYT], this composer wrote the symphonic poem Francesca da Rimini. He wrote an unnumbered symphony inspired by a Lord Byron poem, Manfred, and while he's not Prokofiev, this Russian wrote an orchestral version of Romeo and Juliet. His sixth and last symphony includes a (*) five-four waltz, and another work includes carillon bells and cannonfire. For 10 points, name this composer of the Pathetique [pah-theh-TEEK] Symphony and the 1812 Overture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 89 ], [ 90, 253 ], [ 254, 370 ], [ 371, 470 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Sri Lanka", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The ancient city of Sigiriya lies in this island's center, and Adam's Bridge connects it to the mainland.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sri_Lanka", "proto_id": "58b0b7de70b9154095717ce4", "qanta_id": 95991, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "The ancient city of Sigiriya lies in this island's center, and Adam's Bridge connects it to the mainland. Its Horton's Plains National Park includes Adam's Peak, and its southern city of Galle was devastated in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Sinhalese Buddhists are the majority here, and (*) Tamil separatists recently laid down arms here. Formerly known as Ceylon and with capital at Colombo, for 10 points, name this island nation southeast of India.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 241 ], [ 242, 340 ], [ 341, 453 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Oscar Wilde", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author of Salome had an affair with Lord Douglas that prompted his long poem, The Ballad of Reading Gaol [\"redding jail\"].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Oscar_Wilde", "proto_id": "58b0b7df70b9154095717d0a", "qanta_id": 96029, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author of Salome had an affair with Lord Douglas that prompted his long poem, The Ballad of Reading Gaol [\"redding jail\"]. Mrs. Erlynne sacrifices her reputation in this author's Lady Windermere's Fan. This author's only novel sees Basil Hallward create a mysterious portrait, and his best-known play concerns (*) Jack Worthing and Algernon Moncrief. For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Importance of Being Earnest.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 206 ], [ 207, 355 ], [ 356, 464 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Doberai Peninsula is in this nation's easternmost province, and the city of Pontianak in its province of West Kalimantan lies on an island shared by two other countries.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "58b0b7df70b9154095717d16", "qanta_id": 96041, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "The Doberai Peninsula is in this nation's easternmost province, and the city of Pontianak in its province of West Kalimantan lies on an island shared by two other countries. The Lombok and Sunda Straits are major shipping lanes in the south of this country, and (*) Bali is a major resort island here. Including the islands of Sumatra and Java, for 10 points, name this primarily Muslim archipelagic nation with capital Jakarta.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 173 ], [ 174, 301 ], [ 302, 428 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "oxidation", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One example of this type of reaction is the addition of chromium trioxide in acidic solution to an aldehyde; that is the Jones variety.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Redox", "proto_id": "58b0b7df70b9154095717d1c", "qanta_id": 96047, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One example of this type of reaction is the addition of chromium trioxide in acidic solution to an aldehyde; that is the Jones variety. Addition of nitric acid to silver metal causes silver to undergo this process, while nitric oxide is released. In combustion reactions, (*) alkanes undergo this process and are converted into carbon dioxide. For 10 points, name this process involving a loss of electrons, often compared to reduction when considering redox reactions.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 246 ], [ 247, 343 ], [ 344, 469 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "tangent function (accept answers like tan(gent) of x or tan(gent) of theta)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This function's Taylor series begins x plus one-third x cubed plus two-fifteenths x to the fifth, and its derivative is secant squared.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Trigonometric_functions", "proto_id": "58b0b7df70b9154095717d1e", "qanta_id": 96049, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "This function's Taylor series begins x plus one-third x cubed plus two-fifteenths x to the fifth, and its derivative is secant squared. Its Pythagorean identity says that it squared plus one equals the secant squared. Like its reciprocal, this function has period (*) pi and equals 1 for an input of 45 degrees. For 10 points, name this trig function equal to sine over cosine, or in a right triangle, the opposite side over the adjacent side.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 217 ], [ 218, 311 ], [ 312, 443 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Baha'i Faith (accept Bahaism)", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This religion's Kitab-i-Iqan [kee tahb-ee-ee kahn] relates this religion's teachings to both Islam and Christianity, and is better known as the Book of Certitude.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "58b0b7df70b9154095717d1f", "qanta_id": 96050, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This religion's Kitab-i-Iqan [kee tahb-ee-ee kahn] relates this religion's teachings to both Islam and Christianity, and is better known as the Book of Certitude. Shoghi Effendi [sho-gee eff-EN-dee] was Guardian of this religion in the twentieth century. This religion believes in the (*) unity of all faiths, and its Manifestations of God include Zoroaster, Krishna, Christ, Mohammad, and the Bab [bahb]. For 10 points, identify this religion founded in Persia by Baha\u201fu\u201fllah [ba HAH-oo-lah].", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 254 ], [ 255, 405 ], [ 406, 493 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2011 }, { "answer": "Death of a Salesman", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this play brings his sons a punching bag signed by Gene Tunney as a present.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_of_a_Salesman", "proto_id": "58b0b7e270b9154095717d2d", "qanta_id": 96064, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "The protagonist of this play brings his sons a punching bag signed by Gene Tunney as a present. One of that man's sons later steals a pen from a potential employer. This play's protagonist is denied a job at the New York office by Howard Wagner. Other characters in this play include a character who lets a star football player cheat off his math homework, Bernard, and a character who walks in on the protagonist cheating on his wife Linda. The titular car accident occurs because the protagonist believes that his suicide will bring his family insurance money. For 10 points, name this play in which Biff confronts his father, the businessman Willy Loman, by Arthur Miller.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 164 ], [ 165, 245 ], [ 246, 441 ], [ 442, 562 ], [ 563, 675 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "entropy", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One equation for this quantity demonstrates that it is proportional to the logarithm of the internal energy density and provides a valid approximation of this quantity for monatomic ideal gases.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "58b0b7e270b9154095717d31", "qanta_id": 96068, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One equation for this quantity demonstrates that it is proportional to the logarithm of the internal energy density and provides a valid approximation of this quantity for monatomic ideal gases. In addition to being calculated by the Sackur-Tetrode equation, this quantity is equal to the negative partial derivative of Gibbs free energy with respect to temperature. This quantity is also given by Boltzmann's constant multiplied by the logarithm of the number of microstates, and the third law of thermodynamics gives its value at absolute zero to be 0 for a perfect crystal. For 10 points, name this thermodynamic measure of disorder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 366 ], [ 367, 576 ], [ 577, 636 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Anna Karenina", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel takes a scythe and works in the field before inventing a new cooperative enterprise system, and that character's brother Sergei is a famous novelist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anna_Karenina", "proto_id": "58b0b7e270b9154095717d38", "qanta_id": 96075, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One character in this novel takes a scythe and works in the field before inventing a new cooperative enterprise system, and that character's brother Sergei is a famous novelist. At the end of this novel, one of the main characters goes to fight in Serbia against the Turks. That character had earlier raced his mare Frou-Frou too hard, breaking her back. The main character of this novel tries to prevent the divorce of her brother Stepan and his wife Dolly, but she ends up deserting her son Seryozha and her husband's offer of divorce to tour Europe with her lover before jumping in front of a train. For 10 points, name this novel about Kitty, Levin, Vronsky, and the titular socialite by Leo Tolstoy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 273 ], [ 274, 354 ], [ 355, 602 ], [ 603, 704 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Arab Republic of Egypt", "category": "Current Events", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In November 2012, this country's finance minister announced a $5 billion loan between the IMF and this country's Building and Development, that man is al-Nour.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "58b0b7e270b9154095717d3d", "qanta_id": 96080, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In November 2012, this country's finance minister announced a $5 billion loan between the IMF and this country's Building and Development, that man is al-Nour. Salafist Front parties have recently been locked in conflict about the inclusion of Sharia law in this country's constitution. This country's upper house of parliament, the Shura, is currently controlled by the Freedom and Justice Party, whose chairman, Mohamed Morsi, is also the current president of this nation. For 10 points, name this country which has seen controversy about Morsi's ties to the Muslim Brotherhood, in which protests in Tahrir Square led to the ouster of president Hosni Mubarak in 2011.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 286 ], [ 287, 474 ], [ 475, 669 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Moby-Dick: or, the White Whale", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A Parsi servant in this work predicts that two hearses driving across the sea will serve as an omen for another character's death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moby-Dick", "proto_id": "58b0b7e270b9154095717d3e", "qanta_id": 96081, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "A Parsi servant in this work predicts that two hearses driving across the sea will serve as an omen for another character's death. In addition to Fedallah, other men in this book include the tiny Pip and the gigantic Daggoo. One character in this novel keeps a strange coffin in the shape of a canoe, and another character nails a golden coin to the mast of a ship. The Rachel saves the narrator of this novel, who began his life as a schoolteacher. That narrator meets the the harpooner Queequeg before setting sail on the Pequod. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by Ishmael, in which Captain Ahab is destroyed by the titular white whale, by Herman Melville.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 224 ], [ 225, 365 ], [ 366, 449 ], [ 450, 531 ], [ 532, 666 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Venice [Accept Venezia or Venexia.]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This city was added to Austrian territory in the Treaty of Campo Formio, which was signed at the home of its last independent ruler, Ludovico Manin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venice", "proto_id": "58b0b7e270b9154095717d40", "qanta_id": 96083, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This city was added to Austrian territory in the Treaty of Campo Formio, which was signed at the home of its last independent ruler, Ludovico Manin. Forces from this city under Bartolomeo d'Alviano were crushed by Louis XII of France at the Battle of Agnadello during a war named for the League of Cambrai, which was formed by Pope Julius II to oppose this city's power. Enrico Dandolo convinced a large fleet to pay its debts to this city by attacking Zara in Dalmatia and then sacking Constantinople. For 10 points, name this Italian city formerly led by Doges, who participated in the annual \"Marriage of the Sea\" ceremony held to honor this city's dependence on its many canals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 370 ], [ 371, 502 ], [ 503, 682 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "State of Japan [Accept Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku.]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One myth from this country tells of how one of its gods saved a rabbit that had lost its fur after insulting a group of sharks, and later retrieved a turnip-shaped arrow from a burning field.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "58b0b7e370b9154095717d61", "qanta_id": 96116, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "One myth from this country tells of how one of its gods saved a rabbit that had lost its fur after insulting a group of sharks, and later retrieved a turnip-shaped arrow from a burning field. This country's folk tales feature cucumber- riding water demons called kappas as well as an eight-headed dragon that was slain by this country's sea god. This country was supposedly formed when its creator god Izanagi dripped brine from his spear, and its sun goddess retreated into a cave after her brother threw a flayed horse into her room. That goddess, Amaterasu, was the ancestor of this country's first emperor, Jimmu. For 10 points, name this nation home to the many kami of the Shinto religion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 191 ], [ 192, 235 ], [ 236, 345 ], [ 346, 535 ], [ 536, 617 ], [ 618, 695 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Switzerland [accept Swiss Confederation]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "It's not France, but Frederic de La Harpe served on the Directory of this country after France established a republic here with a constitution written by Peter Ochs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Switzerland", "proto_id": "58b0b7e470b9154095717da5", "qanta_id": 96184, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "It's not France, but Frederic de La Harpe served on the Directory of this country after France established a republic here with a constitution written by Peter Ochs. Its neutrality in one war was questioned in the Grimm- Hoffmann Affair and Henri Guisan created a defense system for this nation involving mountain fortresses. Francis I defeated mercenaries from here at the Battle of Marignano, while a theologian from this country participated in the Kappel Wars and debated with Martin Luther at Marburg. That man's doctrine was unified by Heinrich Bullinger and John Calvin, another thinker from here. For 10 points, name this country home to the cantons of Zurich and Geneva.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 325 ], [ 326, 506 ], [ 507, 604 ], [ 605, 679 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Franz Boas", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, he determined that he had previously mistranslated the word \"numaym\" as \"clan,\" instead of \"a bundle of privileges.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Boas", "proto_id": "58b0b7e470b9154095717dc2", "qanta_id": 96213, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In one of this man's works, he determined that he had previously mistranslated the word \"numaym\" as \"clan,\" instead of \"a bundle of privileges.\" This man distinguished between historical and geographic sciences in his work The Study of Geography. This man wrote about his study of Inuits on Baffin Island in his book The Central Eskimo, and he tutored Alfred Kroeber. His best known work advanced his concept of cultural relativism and was entitled The Mind of Primitive Man. For 10 points, name this man who taught many other anthropologists at Columbia University and was called \"the Father of American Anthropology.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 246 ], [ 247, 367 ], [ 368, 475 ], [ 476, 619 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "horses", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Irish god Manannan mac Lir owned one of these named Enbarr that carried his daughter Niamh and her lover Ossian across the sea, while Sir Gawain owned one of these creatures named Gringolet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Horse", "proto_id": "58b0b7e470b9154095717dc6", "qanta_id": 96217, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "The Irish god Manannan mac Lir owned one of these named Enbarr that carried his daughter Niamh and her lover Ossian across the sea, while Sir Gawain owned one of these creatures named Gringolet. During a nighttime raid, Odysseus and Diomedes brought these creatures belonging to Rhesus back to the Greek camp. Other examples of these animals include two children of Zephyrus which were given to Peleus as a wedding gift, Xanthus and Balius. Loki assumed the form of one of these animals when he mated with Svadilfari to give birth to an eight-legged one named Sleipnir. For 10 points, name these creatures that include a giant wooden one associated with Troy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 309 ], [ 310, 440 ], [ 441, 569 ], [ 570, 659 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Sir Edward (William) Elgar, 1st Baronet", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man composed a work for violin and piano in E major as an engagement present to his wife.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Elgar", "proto_id": "58b0b7e470b9154095717dc8", "qanta_id": 96219, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This man composed a work for violin and piano in E major as an engagement present to his wife. This composer of \"Salut d'Amour\" also used clarinets, bassoons, and horns to answer an introductory recitative by the title instrument in his Cello Concerto in E minor, a piece that was later famously performed by Jacqueline du Pre. This man was inspired by a Cardinal Newman poem to write his Dream of Gerontius. August Jaeger was the inspiration for the \"Nimrod\" movement of another work by this composer, who also wrote a series of six marches that takes its title from Othello. For 10 points, name this British composer of the Enigma Variations and some marches popular at graduations, Pomp and Circumstance.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 327 ], [ 328, 408 ], [ 409, 576 ], [ 577, 707 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Isabel Allende Llona", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character created by this author journeys to the Amazon, meets the People of the Mist, and goes on safari to Kenya before meeting a bunch of pygmies in the forest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isabel_Allende", "proto_id": "58b0b7e470b9154095717dd1", "qanta_id": 96228, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One character created by this author journeys to the Amazon, meets the People of the Mist, and goes on safari to Kenya before meeting a bunch of pygmies in the forest. This creator of Alexander Cold wrote a novel in which the title character is conceived when a war journalist sleeps with a gardener dying from a snakebite. This writer's best known novel sees one character fall in love with a green-haired girl and alienate his granddaughter and her lover. Those characters, Alba and Miguel, appear in this author's most famous work which also features Clara and Esteban of the Trueba family. For 10 points, name this Chilean-American author of Eva Luna and The House of the Spirits.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 323 ], [ 324, 457 ], [ 458, 593 ], [ 594, 684 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Aristophanes", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character created by this author receives three bottles of wine from the enemies of the title group, with whom he made a separate peace.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aristophanes", "proto_id": "58b0b7e470b9154095717dd2", "qanta_id": 96229, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classical", "text": "One character created by this author receives three bottles of wine from the enemies of the title group, with whom he made a separate peace. In another play by this author, a group of old women dump water on the heads of men trying to smoke them out of a building. This author of The Acharnians created a character who helps the personification of Inferior Argument defeat Superior Argument. In that play, a character obsessed with horse-racing learns logic at the The Thinkery, leading him to beat up his father Strepsiades. For 10 points, name this Greek comedic playwright of The Clouds who also wrote about some animals building Cloudcuckooland in The Birds.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 264 ], [ 265, 391 ], [ 392, 525 ], [ 526, 662 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Federal Republic of Germany [Accept Bundesrepublik Deutschland.]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One author from this country wrote a novel in which Tony has two disastrous marriages, Thomas dies of a toothache, and the titular family dies out when the pianist Hanno dies of typhus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Germany", "proto_id": "58b0b7e570b9154095717de7", "qanta_id": 96250, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One author from this country wrote a novel in which Tony has two disastrous marriages, Thomas dies of a toothache, and the titular family dies out when the pianist Hanno dies of typhus. Another author from this country wrote about the destruction of St. Anthony's Abbey by Robert Faehmel, the grandson of its architect. In a third work from this country, Jan Bronski dies in a fight for the Polish Post Office, while the protagonist robs stores by shattering glass with a scream. That character, Oskar Matzerath, stopped growing at age three. For 10 points, name this country home to the author of The Tin Drum, Gunter Grass, who was president of the Berlin Academy of Arts.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 185 ], [ 186, 319 ], [ 320, 479 ], [ 480, 542 ], [ 543, 674 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Republic of Cuba [Accept Republica de Cuba.]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This nation was the target of Operation Northwoods, a rejected series of covertly orchestrated acts of terror.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cuba", "proto_id": "58b0b7e570b9154095717dec", "qanta_id": 96255, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This nation was the target of Operation Northwoods, a rejected series of covertly orchestrated acts of terror. It was also the site of the explosion of the French munitions vessel La Coubre. Current U.S. policy with regards to this nation was reinforced with the Torricelli Act of 1992 and the Helms-Burton Act of 1996. Its seizure was advocated by a document written by Soule, Mason, and Buchanan called the Ostend Manifesto, and its governance as a U.S. territory was established with the Teller and Platt Amendments. For 10 points, name this Caribbean nation upon which the U.S. has imposed a trade embargo since the rise to power of Fidel Castro in 1959.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 190 ], [ 191, 319 ], [ 320, 519 ], [ 520, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "semiconductors", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first of these type of materials was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1833 when he was studying the properties of silver sulfide.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Semiconductor", "proto_id": "58b0b7e570b9154095717e0a", "qanta_id": 96285, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The first of these type of materials was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1833 when he was studying the properties of silver sulfide. Frenkel excitons generally form in these materials when they are exposed to photons that have energies in or near the visible range of the spectrum. These materials observe an increase in resistivity when they are cooled, unlike metals such as copper. Graphite behaves like one of these because of its extensive pi- delocalization, allowing access to conduction bands. Conductivity of these materials is modified by doping. For 10 points, name these materials which have a resistivity between that of conductors and insulators.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 282 ], [ 283, 385 ], [ 386, 502 ], [ 503, 557 ], [ 558, 661 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Invisible Man [Do not accept \"The Invisible Man.\"]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one episode from this novel, the narrator is tricked into jumping onto an electrified carpet in order to pick up gold coins.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Invisible_Man", "proto_id": "58b0b7e570b9154095717e0f", "qanta_id": 96290, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one episode from this novel, the narrator is tricked into jumping onto an electrified carpet in order to pick up gold coins. The narrator attends a college financed by a man obsessed with his dead daughter, Mr. Norton, and is later kicked out of college by a man who told him he was a \"nobody,\" Dr. Bledsoe. The narrator is repeatedly mistaken for Rinehart, a black man who sacrifices his skin color to fit into white society. The death of Tod Clifton sparks a riot in Harlem which leads one character to rename himself Ras the Destroyer. For 10 points, name this novel narrated by a nameless black man and written by Ralph Ellison.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 310 ], [ 311, 429 ], [ 430, 541 ], [ 542, 635 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Immanuel Kant", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker argued that war had driven the Eskimos so far to the north in an essay advocating democratic peace.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "58b0b7e570b9154095717e11", "qanta_id": 96292, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This thinker argued that war had driven the Eskimos so far to the north in an essay advocating democratic peace. In another work by this thinker, he lists the four types of reflective judgments: the agreeable, beautiful, sublime, and good. This author of Perpetual Peace discusses noumenon and phenomenon in his most famous work, which asks how synthetic a priori truths are possible. In that work, he argues that one should make sure any moral action should be universally applicable, his categorical imperative. For 10 points, name this German Enlightenment philosopher and author of Critique of Judgment and Critique of Pure Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 239 ], [ 240, 384 ], [ 385, 513 ], [ 514, 635 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "electric field [accept E before it is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity is responsible for changes in refractive indices proportional to the square of this quantity in the Kerr effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electric_field", "proto_id": "58b0b7e570b9154095717e1a", "qanta_id": 96301, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This quantity is responsible for changes in refractive indices proportional to the square of this quantity in the Kerr effect. A vector that describes the directional energy flux density is equal to the magnetic field times this quantity and is called the Poynting vector. Drift velocity is equal to this quantity times electron mobility. A dipole experiences a torque equal to charge times separation times this quantity. This quantity is zero within a conductor. The integral of this quantity dotted with area over a closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed by Gauss' law. For 10 points, name this field that has units of force per unit charge and is symbolized by the letter E.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 272 ], [ 273, 338 ], [ 339, 422 ], [ 423, 464 ], [ 465, 587 ], [ 588, 693 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Jean Piaget", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This thinker founded a school of thought that argued that the manner in which knowledge is obtained has an effect on the validity of that knowledge.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean_Piaget", "proto_id": "58b0b7e570b9154095717e1c", "qanta_id": 96303, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This thinker founded a school of thought that argued that the manner in which knowledge is obtained has an effect on the validity of that knowledge. That school included this thinker's \"Schema Theory.\" In one work, this thinker wrote that morality developed from peer interaction rather than mandates from authority figures, and he also noted that a certain group was very egocentric in their \"sensorimotor\" stage. For 10 points, name this proponent of genetic epistemology and author of The Moral Judgment of the Child, a Swiss psychologist who created a theory of cognitive development.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 200 ], [ 200, 414 ], [ 415, 588 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Napoleon I Bonaparte", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A portrait of this man shows him wearing medals marking his membership in the Legion of Honor and Order of the Iron Crown while standing in his green-carpeted study.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Napoleon", "proto_id": "58b0b7e670b9154095717e1f", "qanta_id": 96306, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "A portrait of this man shows him wearing medals marking his membership in the Legion of Honor and Order of the Iron Crown while standing in his green-carpeted study. In another painting, this man takes off one of his white gloves before reaching out to touch a sick man amidst a crowd of victims of the bubonic plague in a mosque at Jaffa. This man's name is etched on some rocks next to the names of Hannibal and Charlemagne in a painting showing him pointing upwards atop a rearing horse while crossing the Alps. For 10 points, name this French ruler who was depicted in a massive Jacques-Louis David work holding a crown above his kneeling wife Josephine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 339 ], [ 340, 514 ], [ 515, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Otto von Bismarck [Accept Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg.]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "n an attempted assassination, Ferdinand Cohen-Blind shot at this man five times before slicing his own throat.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_von_Bismarck", "proto_id": "58b0b7e670b9154095717e2d", "qanta_id": 96320, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "n an attempted assassination, Ferdinand Cohen-Blind shot at this man five times before slicing his own throat. This man, whose tenure was supported by Albrecht von Roon, organized a conference that formalized the process of colonization in Africa and passed a series of laws allowing for state regulation of the clergy named after education minister Adalbert Falk. Born to Junker parents, he was responsible for the Schnaebele incident and doctored an exchange with Count Benedetti that lead to war with France, the Ems telegram. He opposed Catholics in the \"Kulturkampf\" and was known for developing his \"Realpolitik\" during the reign of Wilhelm I. For 10 points, identify this \"Iron Chancellor\" of Prussia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 364 ], [ 365, 529 ], [ 530, 649 ], [ 650, 708 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Abraham Lincoln", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A poem by E. A. Robinson refers to this figure as \"elemental when he died, as he was ancient at his birth.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Abraham_Lincoln", "proto_id": "58b0b7e670b9154095717e35", "qanta_id": 96328, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "A poem by E. A. Robinson refers to this figure as \"elemental when he died, as he was ancient at his birth.\" That poem is \"The Master.\" Another poem about this figure asks a gray-brown bird to \"sing out! Sing out\" from \"the swamps, the recesses.\" The speaker of that poem notes, \"the great star early droop'd in the western sky in the night, and [I] thought of him I love.\" In another poem about this figure, the narrator announces that \"the ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won\" before screaming \"O heart! heart! O drops of bleeding red!\" For 10 points, name this subject of \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd\" and \"O Captain! My Captain!\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 134 ], [ 135, 202 ], [ 203, 245 ], [ 246, 372 ], [ 373, 526 ], [ 527, 533 ], [ 534, 558 ], [ 558, 654 ], [ 655, 667 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Heart of Darkness", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel tells of how he stared at the blank spaces on a map as a child.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Heart_of_Darkness", "proto_id": "58b0b7e670b9154095717e37", "qanta_id": 96330, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One character in this novel tells of how he stared at the blank spaces on a map as a child. The protagonist waits for a month for a supply of rivets, and another character is killed by a spear when he leans out of a window. A Russian traveller in this novel warns the protagonist that whistles will be more use than guns. The protagonist, who tells his story aboard The Nellie, debates whether to tell the truth about a man's last words to his fiance in Belgium. That man, who had lived in a house surrounded by decapitated heads, utters, \"The horror! The horror!\" For 10 points, name this novel in which Marlow searches for Mr. Kurtz in the Congo, written by Joseph Conrad.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 223 ], [ 224, 321 ], [ 322, 462 ], [ 463, 551 ], [ 552, 564 ], [ 565, 674 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Thorstein (Bunde) Veblen", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author of a critique of Irving Fisher's The Nature of Capital and Income discussed the seizure of women as slaves in his essay \"The Beginnings of Ownership\" and argued against the inclusion of economics as an evolutionary science.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thorstein_Veblen", "proto_id": "58b0b7e670b9154095717e47", "qanta_id": 96346, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This author of a critique of Irving Fisher's The Nature of Capital and Income discussed the seizure of women as slaves in his essay \"The Beginnings of Ownership\" and argued against the inclusion of economics as an evolutionary science. This thinker is better known for describing a conflict between engineers and businessmen in his Theory of Business Enterprise, which built upon a framework of \"predation\" and \"emulation\" introduced in an earlier book. That book originated the idea that people spend excessively in an attempt to impress others, also known as \"conspicuous consumption.\" For 10 points, name this author of The Theory of the Leisure Class.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 235 ], [ 236, 453 ], [ 454, 587 ], [ 588, 655 ] ], "tournament": "Harvard Fall Tournament", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "lasers (prompt on masers, accept light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The rate at which one process occurs in these devices is proportional to Einstein's B-coefficient, and mode-locking can make them active for shorter periods of time.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Laser", "proto_id": "58b0b7e770b9154095717e5b", "qanta_id": 96366, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "The rate at which one process occurs in these devices is proportional to Einstein's B-coefficient, and mode-locking can make them active for shorter periods of time. These devices typically require the gain medium to reach a state of population inversion, where there are more molecules in an (*) excited state than not. In 1960, Theodore Maiman used a ruby crystal in one of these devices not long after Charles Townes created a precursor to one of these objects that produced microwaves. For ten points, identify these devices that emit a very focused beam of light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 320 ], [ 321, 489 ], [ 490, 568 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Alfred, Lord Tennyson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's poems begins \"On either side of the river lie / Long fields of barley and rye\" before describing the plight of a woman who must weave without looking at the world around her.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "proto_id": "58b0b7e770b9154095717e5c", "qanta_id": 96367, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "", "text": "One of this man's poems begins \"On either side of the river lie / Long fields of barley and rye\" before describing the plight of a woman who must weave without looking at the world around her. Another of his works ends by noting that \"though much is taken, much abides\" followed by an oath to \"strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.\" This poet of \"The (*) Lady of Shalott\" and \"Ulysses\" claimed in another poem that, \"Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all.\" This author of In Memoriam A.H.H. wrote a work in which a group rides into \"the valley of death.\" For ten points, name this British poet of \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 337 ], [ 337, 458 ], [ 459, 492 ], [ 493, 507 ], [ 508, 589 ], [ 589, 667 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Joseph Conrad [accept Jozef Teodor Konrad Nalecz Korzeniowski]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about Nina's marriage to Dain, after which the protagonist lives in an unfinished house, and another of his novels sees Sulaco become the Occidental Republic after seceding from Costaguana.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Conrad", "proto_id": "58b0b7e870b9154095717e70", "qanta_id": 96387, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This author wrote about Nina's marriage to Dain, after which the protagonist lives in an unfinished house, and another of his novels sees Sulaco become the Occidental Republic after seceding from Costaguana. This author of Almayer's Folly and Nostromo wrote a work in which Stevie is trained to bomb the Greenwich Observatory by Verloc, and he also wrote about a character who is disgraced for abandoning the Patna. This author of The Secret Agent and Lord Jim wrote a novel in which one character's last words are \"The horror! The horror!\" For 10 points, name this author who wrote about Kurtz and Marlow in Heart of Darkness.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 207 ], [ 208, 415 ], [ 416, 527 ], [ 528, 540 ], [ 541, 627 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ideal Gas Law", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This statement implies that the compressibility factor is always equal to one, and one term in an equation derived from it squares the term n over V. That modification to this law introduces the variables a and b, and this statement is dependent on the assumptions that particles do not take up space and that all collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ideal_gas_law", "proto_id": "58b0b7e870b9154095717e78", "qanta_id": 96395, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This statement implies that the compressibility factor is always equal to one, and one term in an equation derived from it squares the term n over V. That modification to this law introduces the variables a and b, and this statement is dependent on the assumptions that particles do not take up space and that all collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic. Intermolecular forces are accounted for in a modification of this equation by van der Waals. For 10 points, name this equation of state that combines Boyle's, Charles', and Avogadro's laws, often written as P V equals n R T.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 365 ], [ 366, 458 ], [ 459, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Niels Henrik David Bohr", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man names a method of determining the allowed quantized states of a system with Sommerfeld.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Niels_Bohr", "proto_id": "58b0b7e870b9154095717e88", "qanta_id": 96411, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This man names a method of determining the allowed quantized states of a system with Sommerfeld. He criticized the EPR paradox as part of his debates on quantum mechanics with Albert Einstein, and the wave-particle duality is an example of this man's complementarity principle. The Rydberg formula was derived from one of his theories, and he codified his work on quantum mechanics with Werner Heisenberg in the Copenhagen interpretation. For 10 points, name this Danish scientist who names a model of the atom in which electrons travel in orbits that are fixed distances from the nucleus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 277 ], [ 278, 438 ], [ 439, 589 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "St. Thomas Aquinas [accept Thomas of Aquino]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher believed that the soul existed in both the spiritual and material worlds, and he advocated resurrection in his form of dualism.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Aquinas", "proto_id": "58b0b7e870b9154095717e8f", "qanta_id": 96418, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This philosopher believed that the soul existed in both the spiritual and material worlds, and he advocated resurrection in his form of dualism. This man described proper authority, reasonable cause, and right intention as the three reasons to start a \"just war,\" and he divided law into eternal, divine, natural, and human types. This man discussed the \"unmoved mover\" in his Quinque viae, which are his five proofs for the existence of God. For 10 points, name this Scholastic philosopher and the author of Summa Theologica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 330 ], [ 331, 442 ], [ 443, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Edvard Munch", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist depicted a green-faced figure walking toward the viewer in The Murderer, and in another work, he depicted a group of amorphous-looking figures dancing in pairs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Munch", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717ea9", "qanta_id": 96444, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist depicted a green-faced figure walking toward the viewer in The Murderer, and in another work, he depicted a group of amorphous-looking figures dancing in pairs. This artist of The Dance of Life depicted his Madonna with a red halo, and he depicted his sister Sophie in a green bed next to a black-clothed figure. He included works such as The Sick Child and Vampire in his Frieze of Life series, and he painted a contorted figure performing the title action beneath a red-orange sky. For 10 points, name this Norwegian painter of The Scream.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 324 ], [ 325, 495 ], [ 496, 553 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Suleiman the Magnificent [accept Suleiman I or Suleiman the Lawgiver before \"Lawgiver\"; prompt on Suleiman]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "On one front, this man fought two campaigns against Tahmasp, whereas on another, he allied with Francis I.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Suleiman_the_Magnificent", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717eac", "qanta_id": 96447, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "On one front, this man fought two campaigns against Tahmasp, whereas on another, he allied with Francis I. This man's reign saw his chief architect Minar Sinan construct hundreds of monuments, and this ruler established the Kanun Laws. This ruler forced the Knights Hospitaller out of Rhodes, leading to their establishment on Malta. The husband of Roxelana, this ruler executed his longtime friend, the Grand Vizier Ibrahim following accusations of conspiracy by this ruler's Minister of Finance. For 10 points, name this \"Lawgiver,\" an Ottoman sultan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 235 ], [ 236, 333 ], [ 334, 497 ], [ 498, 553 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Bridges", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of these structures named after Trajan was constructed by Apollodorus of Damascus to aid in deployment of troops during the Dacian Wars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bridge", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717eaf", "qanta_id": 96450, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "One of these structures named after Trajan was constructed by Apollodorus of Damascus to aid in deployment of troops during the Dacian Wars. Another, nicknamed \"Galloping Gertie,\" collapsed in 1940 due to aeroelastic flutter caused by powerful winds; the remains of that structure are located in the Tacoma Narrows strait of Puget Sound. Antother example of this structure was constructed by Washington Roebling and connects Manhattan and Brooklyn. For 10 points, name this type of structure, one famous example of which is known as the \"Golden Gate.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 337 ], [ 338, 448 ], [ 449, 551 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "John Maynard Keynes", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's theories were summarized by John Hicks in the ISLM model.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Maynard_Keynes", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717eb3", "qanta_id": 96454, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man's theories were summarized by John Hicks in the ISLM model. He studied the impact of a quantity calculated as C plus I plus G plus net exports on economies and plotted equilibrium GDP on his namesake \"cross.\" This proponent of the bancor as an international currency developed a consumption function and criticized the Treaty of Versailles in The Economic Consequences of the Peace. In his most famous work, he theorized that weak aggregate demand had caused the Great Depression. For 10 points, name this British economist who argued for stimulus spending in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 217 ], [ 218, 391 ], [ 392, 489 ], [ 490, 622 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "John Locke", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man stated in one work that God exists with the second highest degree of certainty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Locke", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717ec1", "qanta_id": 96468, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man stated in one work that God exists with the second highest degree of certainty. After this man was appointed Censor of Moral Philosophy at Christ Church, he drafted a series of lectures known as Essays on the Laws of Nature. This man argued against atheism but believed in the separation of church and state, and he also drafted the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina. This author of A Letter Concerning Toleration described the mind at birth as a blank slate, or \"tabula rasa,\" in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. For 10 points, name this English philosopher who claimed that men have the right to \"life, liberty, and property.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 88 ], [ 89, 233 ], [ 234, 380 ], [ 381, 535 ], [ 536, 650 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Alexander the Great [accept Alexander III of Macedon; prompt on Alexander]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man fought against the Illyrian tribes in the Siege of Pelium, and he executed Parmenion and his son Philotas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_the_Great", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717ec2", "qanta_id": 96469, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This man fought against the Illyrian tribes in the Siege of Pelium, and he executed Parmenion and his son Philotas. He was saved by Cleitus the Black at the Battle of Granicus, and this man won a battle in which he recovered his opponent's personal chariot and bow. He razed Thebes following a military resistance and killed the guards that desecrated the tomb of Cyrus the Great. After his death, his empire was torn apart by his generals in the Wars of the Diadochi. The winner of the Battle of Issus against Darius III, he was famously educated by Aristotle. For 10 points, name this son of Philip II of Macedon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 265 ], [ 266, 380 ], [ 381, 468 ], [ 469, 561 ], [ 562, 615 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Diffraction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One equation describing this phenomenon sets the sine of theta equal to the extreme path difference over the distance, and another equation employs a factor of 1.22.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffraction", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717ed1", "qanta_id": 96484, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "One equation describing this phenomenon sets the sine of theta equal to the extreme path difference over the distance, and another equation employs a factor of 1.22. That equation is the Rayleigh criterion, which gives minimum resolution due to this phenomenon. Rosalind Franklin employed this phenomenon with X-rays to obtain images of DNA. Airy disks are formed by this process, of which there are Fraunhofer and Fresnel types, and it is described using Bragg's law. It is explained using a principle that treats every point on a wavefront as a wave source, which is named for Huygens. For 10 points, name this term for the bending of light around an obstacle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 261 ], [ 262, 341 ], [ 342, 468 ], [ 469, 587 ], [ 588, 662 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "War of the Spanish Succession [prompt on Queen Anne's War before mention]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this conflict, George Rooke fought a French fleet to a standstill off the coast of Malaga after capturing Gibraltar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_the_Spanish_Succession", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717ed2", "qanta_id": 96485, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this conflict, George Rooke fought a French fleet to a standstill off the coast of Malaga after capturing Gibraltar. Following this conflict, one nation was given the right to supply slaves to certain colonies through the asiento. At the Battle of Malplaquet, Prince Eugene of Savoy and the Duke of Marlborough won a narrow Pyrrhic victory, falling short of their decisive victory at the Battle of Blenheim five years prior. Known as Queen Anne's War in the Americas, For 10 points, name this conflict that was precipitated by the death of the Hapsburg monarch Charles II and was ended by the Treaty of Utrecht.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 233 ], [ 234, 427 ], [ 428, 614 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "The Carnival of the Animals [accept Le carnaval des animaux]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work's fourth movement features the string section playing a slowed down version of \"Galop Infernal\" from Offenbach's Orpheus in the Underworld.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Carnival_of_the_Animals", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717ed3", "qanta_id": 96486, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This work's fourth movement features the string section playing a slowed down version of \"Galop Infernal\" from Offenbach's Orpheus in the Underworld. In another movement of this work, an offstage clarinet repeats a C\u0096A flat motif, representing a noise from \"the depth of the woods.\" The composer of this work allowed only one movement to be played publicly before his death, deeming the others not serious enough for his reputation. In that movement, a cello solo symbolizes its title creature gliding over the water, which is titled \"The Swan.\" For 10 points, name this 14-movement work composed by Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 281 ], [ 281, 432 ], [ 433, 545 ], [ 546, 620 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Elizabeth I [prompt on Elizabeth]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This person was imprisoned in the Tower of London upon suspicion of helping to incite Wyatt's Rebellion.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Elizabeth_I_of_England", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717ed9", "qanta_id": 96492, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This person was imprisoned in the Tower of London upon suspicion of helping to incite Wyatt's Rebellion. After rising to power, this monarch sent the Earl of Leicester to aid Dutch rebels following the Treaty of Nonsuch. This ruler who passed the Second Act of Supremacy was advised by Robert Cecil. The Babington Plot was defeated by her spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham, which led to the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her \"Sea Dogs\" included Sir Francis Drake. Known as the \"Virgin Queen,\" For 10 points, name this queen of England whose reign saw the defeat of the Spanish Armada.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 220 ], [ 221, 299 ], [ 300, 471 ], [ 472, 592 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Aaron Copland", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this composer includes parts for a gourd, temple blocks, woodblock, and tabor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aaron_Copland", "proto_id": "58b0b7e970b9154095717ee2", "qanta_id": 96501, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "One work by this composer includes parts for a gourd, temple blocks, woodblock, and tabor. That piece utilized folk songs such as \"El Palo Verde\" and \"La Jesusita\" and was titled El Salon Mexico. He included in another composition the songs \"Camptown Races\" and \"Springfield Mountain,\" and that work included lines from the Gettysburg Address. Another work by this composer of A Lincoln Portrait was choreographed by Martha Graham and included a theme based on the Shaker melody \"Simple Gifts\" and a \"Hoedown\" movement. For 10 points, name this American composer of Appalachian Spring and Rodeo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 195 ], [ 196, 343 ], [ 344, 519 ], [ 520, 595 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Mitochondria [accept Mitochondrion]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These organelles communicate with the endoplasmic reticulum through the MAM structure, and Peter Mitchell explained their main function in his chemiosmotic theory.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mitochondrion", "proto_id": "58b0b7ea70b9154095717ef1", "qanta_id": 96516, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "These organelles communicate with the endoplasmic reticulum through the MAM structure, and Peter Mitchell explained their main function in his chemiosmotic theory. This organelle releases cytochrome c into the cytoplasm during apoptosis, and the endosymbiotic theory postulates that these organelles were once living organisms. The infoldings in their inner membrane are known as cristae, and they possess a fluid-filled space known as the matrix, which contains DNA. For 10 points, name this organelle that generates ATP, often called the \"powerhouse of the cell.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 327 ], [ 328, 467 ], [ 468, 565 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "John the Baptist [accept Yohanan or Yo-khanan ha-matbil or Yahya inb Zakariya]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure once lectured to a crowd that \"he that hath two coats, let him give to him that hath none\" after calling them a \"brood of vipers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_the_Baptist", "proto_id": "58b0b7ea70b9154095717ef3", "qanta_id": 96518, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This figure once lectured to a crowd that \"he that hath two coats, let him give to him that hath none\" after calling them a \"brood of vipers.\" The Gospel of Matthew identifies this figure with the prophet Elijah, although he denies this connection in a different gospel. This figure's mother was Elizabeth, and his birth was foretold by an angel that struck Zechariah dumb as punishment for disbelieving his prediction. His decapitation was ordered by Herod Antipas after Salome asked for his head. Sometimes known as the \"Precursor,\" For 10 points, name this religious figure who baptized Jesus Christ.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 141, 270 ], [ 271, 419 ], [ 420, 498 ], [ 499, 603 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ieoh Ming Pei", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This architect designed a building with a small observation deck on the 43rd floor which replaced the Victorian-era Murray House.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I._M._Pei", "proto_id": "58b0b7ea70b9154095717efa", "qanta_id": 96525, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "This architect designed a building with a small observation deck on the 43rd floor which replaced the Victorian-era Murray House. He designed the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, and one of his works was designed to resemble growing bamboo shoots. Another of his works utilized wooden supports to cope with faulty windows, and this architect of the John Hancock Tower designed the East Building of the National Gallery of Art. For 10 points, name this man who designed the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, a Chinese-American architect famous for designing the glass pyramid at the Louvre.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 252 ], [ 253, 431 ], [ 432, 601 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work of this author, the winners of a lottery join a group of the elite as part of \"The Company,\" while the losers are put to death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jorge_Luis_Borges", "proto_id": "58b0b7ea70b9154095717f00", "qanta_id": 96531, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one work of this author, the winners of a lottery join a group of the elite as part of \"The Company,\" while the losers are put to death. This author of \"The Lottery in Babylon\" wrote about Carlos, who laments the destruction of the title point that allows him to see everything in the universe. This author of \"The Aleph\" wrote about the German spy Yu Tsun, as well as a library composed of seemingly infinite hexagonal rooms. The author of \"The Garden of Forking Paths\" and \"The Library of Babel,\" For 10 points, name this Argentinean author of Ficciones.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 297 ], [ 298, 429 ], [ 430, 559 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Liver", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Cholangiocytes in this organ are damaged in biliary atresia, and hemochromatosis causes a buildup of iron in this organ.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "58b0b7ea70b9154095717f05", "qanta_id": 96536, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Cholangiocytes in this organ are damaged in biliary atresia, and hemochromatosis causes a buildup of iron in this organ. Its failure can lead to massive ascites, and this organ synthesizes the coagulation factors fibrinogen and prothrombin. It is divided into left and right anatomical lobes by the falciform ligament, and it stores glycogen and vitamin K. The gallbladder is located directly underneath it, and inflammation of this organ is called hepatitis and can lead to cirrhosis or scarring. For 10 points, name this bile-producing organ that detoxifies the blood and is often damaged in alcoholics.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 240 ], [ 241, 356 ], [ 357, 497 ], [ 498, 605 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Henri-\u00c9mile-Beno\u00eet Matisse [accept Henri Matisse]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist illustrated himself and his wife in a room with a blue background in The Conversation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henri_Matisse", "proto_id": "58b0b7ea70b9154095717f19", "qanta_id": 96556, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist illustrated himself and his wife in a room with a blue background in The Conversation. Another of his works depicts a man in a suit holding a cigarette in his mouth next to a teacher and a boy playing the piano. Though not Vermeer, this artist of The Music Lesson published a collection of paper cutouts titled Jazz, and he depicted blue vines and a servant arranging fruits on a platter in The Red Room. He depicted his wife with a green stripe running down her nose, and he also painted five nude women in a circle performing the title action. For 10 points, name this artist of The Joy of Life and The Dance, who led the Fauvism movement.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 223 ], [ 224, 416 ], [ 417, 557 ], [ 558, 653 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Gustavus Adolphus [accept Gustav II Adolph]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man ended the Kalmar War with the Treaty of Knared, and he outgunned enemy tercio formations in one battle, defeating the Count of Tilly.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden", "proto_id": "58b0b7ea70b9154095717f20", "qanta_id": 96563, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This man ended the Kalmar War with the Treaty of Knared, and he outgunned enemy tercio formations in one battle, defeating the Count of Tilly. He signed the Treaty of Stolbovo with Michael Romanov, and Gustav Horn and John Ban\u00e9r took command of his army after his death. Axel Oxenstierna became regent after this victor of the Battle of Breitenfeld was killed during a cavalry charge at the Battle of Lutzen. For 10 points, name this \"Lion of the North,\" a Swedish King who invaded Germany during the Thirty Years War.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 270 ], [ 271, 408 ], [ 409, 518 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus [accept Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's army conquered Judea from the son of Herod the Great, and he negotiated with the Parthian Empire for the return of Crassus's lost standards.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Augustus", "proto_id": "58b0b7eb70b9154095717f2b", "qanta_id": 96574, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classical", "text": "This man's army conquered Judea from the son of Herod the Great, and he negotiated with the Parthian Empire for the return of Crassus's lost standards. His legions were crushed at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest, and he became the Pontifex Maximus after the death of Marcus Lepidus. This man's general Agrippa was victorious at the Battle of Actium, defeating the forces of Marc Antony. For 10 points, name this \"First Citizen\" of Rome, the heir of Julius Caesar and the first Roman Emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 281 ], [ 282, 385 ], [ 386, 490 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ammonia [accept NH3 before the end]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Schweizer's reagent is prepared by dissolving a copper hydroxide precipitate in a solution of this substance, while the addition of silver nitrate to an aqueous solution of this substance produces Tollens' reagent.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ammonia", "proto_id": "58b0b7eb70b9154095717f2e", "qanta_id": 96577, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Schweizer's reagent is prepared by dissolving a copper hydroxide precipitate in a solution of this substance, while the addition of silver nitrate to an aqueous solution of this substance produces Tollens' reagent. A rhodium-platinum catalyst is employed to convert it to a strong acid in the Ostwald process, and the synthesis of this compound typically requires a ruthenium or iron catalyst. Its hydroxide is commonly used in cleaning agents, and this compound is often used in the production of fertilizers. For 10 points, name this trigonal pyramidal compound most often synthesized through the Haber-Bosch process, with chemical formula NH3.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 214 ], [ 215, 393 ], [ 394, 510 ], [ 511, 646 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Ruth Fulton Benedict", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This anthropologist co-wrote a pamphlet arguing against racial prejudice and promoting a united world against fascism titled \"The Races of Mankind.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ruth_Benedict", "proto_id": "58b0b7eb70b9154095717f52", "qanta_id": 96613, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This anthropologist co-wrote a pamphlet arguing against racial prejudice and promoting a united world against fascism titled \"The Races of Mankind.\" This author also published works about the religion and folklore of Native Americans, such as in her Tales of the Cochiti Indians. She argued that the \"personality\" of the title concept determines the traits of individuals within certain groups, comparing the Zu\u00f1i and Dobu people, and she also studied Japanese society and contrasted the guilt and shame cultures. For 10 points, name this female anthropologist who wrote Patterns of Culture and The Chrysanthemum and the Sword.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 279 ], [ 280, 513 ], [ 514, 627 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Great Expectations", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this work drowns in the Thames while fighting with another, who had previously been deported to New South Wales.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Great_Expectations", "proto_id": "58b0b7eb70b9154095717f55", "qanta_id": 96616, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "One character in this work drowns in the Thames while fighting with another, who had previously been deported to New South Wales. Another character in this work stands too close to a fire while wearing her wedding dress, and that character lived in Satis House after her fianc\u00e9, Compeyson, left her. The protagonist of this novel gives a pork pie and brandy to the escaped convict Abel Magwitch, and he eventually marries her illegitimate daughter, Estella, who had been adopted by Miss Havisham. For 10 points, name this coming-of-age novel about the orphan Pip, a work by Charles Dickens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 299 ], [ 300, 496 ], [ 497, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Alkynes [prompt on Hydrocarbons before \"triple\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of these compounds participates in a cycloaddition with an alkene and carbon monoxide in the Pauson-Khand reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alkyne", "proto_id": "58b0b7ec70b9154095717f74", "qanta_id": 96647, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One of these compounds participates in a cycloaddition with an alkene and carbon monoxide in the Pauson-Khand reaction. Metal acetylides are obtained by reacting a strong base with terminal ones of these. The Fritsch-Buttenburg-Wiechell rearrangement is the second step of a process that forms these compounds from aldehydes called the Corey-Fuchs reaction. Quinoline can be used to enhance the selectivity of the Lindlar catalyst that reduces these compounds to alkenes. For 10 points, name this class of organic compounds containing a triple bond between two carbon atoms, the simplest example of which is acetylene.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 204 ], [ 205, 357 ], [ 358, 471 ], [ 472, 618 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Alexander Pope", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote of a happy man who is \"Content to breathe his native air\" in his \"Ode on Solitude,\" and he wrote a poem that says, \"share thy pain, allow that sad relief; / Ah, more than share it!", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Pope", "proto_id": "58b0b7f270b91540957180a3", "qanta_id": 96949, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This poet wrote of a happy man who is \"Content to breathe his native air\" in his \"Ode on Solitude,\" and he wrote a poem that says, \"share thy pain, allow that sad relief; / Ah, more than share it! give me all thy grief\" in order to \"speed the soft intercourse from soul to soul\" before ending with the line \"He best can paint 'em, who shall feel 'em most.\" The lines \"can Sporus feel? / Who breaks a Butterfly upon a Wheel?\" were written by this author who began a poem by addressing (*) \"Henry St. John, Lord Bolingbroke,\" and ended one part of that poem by writing \"Whatever is, is right.\" This poet of \"Eloisa to Abelard\" and \"Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot\" also wrote a mock-epic about Lord Petre cutting off Arabella Fermor's hair. For 10 points, name this poet of \"An Essay on Man\" and The Rape of the Lock.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 196 ], [ 197, 356 ], [ 357, 384 ], [ 385, 386 ], [ 387, 423 ], [ 423, 591 ], [ 592, 730 ], [ 731, 807 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Book of Mormon", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One section of this texts warns against a \"great and abominable church\" that will fall at the end of days.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Book_of_Mormon", "proto_id": "58b0b7f270b91540957180a8", "qanta_id": 96954, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "One section of this texts warns against a \"great and abominable church\" that will fall at the end of days. In another part of this work, one figure breaks a steel bow and replaces it with a wooden one before hunting, and that character eventually arrives at Nahom. Some speculate that this work was partially plagiarized from Ethan Smith's View of the Hebrews, and the Three Witnesses and Eight Witnesses are associated with this text in which figures use a (*) \"ball of curious workmanship\" as a guide. This work contains a race of people called the Lamanites, and the Tree of Life vision can be found in this work's First Book of Nephi. This work was written in \"Reformed Egyptian\" and buried under the hill Cumorah, where it was found and translated in 1827 with the help of the angel Moroni. For 10 points, identify this chief text of the Latter Day Saint movement originally written on golden plates.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 264 ], [ 265, 503 ], [ 504, 638 ], [ 639, 709 ], [ 710, 795 ], [ 796, 905 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "James Augustine Aloysius Joyce", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author created a character who sings \"I'm a... naughty girl.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Joyce", "proto_id": "58b0b7f270b91540957180ac", "qanta_id": 96958, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author created a character who sings \"I'm a... naughty girl. You needn't sham: You know I am\" and begins a relationship with a Mr. Doran; that character is named Polly and entertains the residents of the title location, which belongs to her mother, Mrs. Mooney. Another of this author's characters writes two letters, one to her abusive father and the other to her brother Harry, but then remembers her mother saying (*) \"Derevaun Seraun!\" and chooses not to go to Buenos Aires with Frank. In another work by this author of \"The Boarding House,\" the protagonist dances with Miss Ivors and learns how the song The Lass of Aughrim, sung by Bartell D'arcy, reminds his wife of her childhood love of Michael Furey. For 10 points, name the creator of Gretta and Gabriel Conroy, an author who collected works like \"Eveline\" and \"The Dead\" in Dubliners.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 266 ], [ 267, 427 ], [ 427, 444 ], [ 445, 494 ], [ 495, 715 ], [ 716, 851 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Italy [or The Italian Republic or Italia]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One poet from this country wrote that \"in silences / things yield and almost betray / their ultimate secrets\" in a poem that begins by describing how \"Laureate poets / seem to wander among plants / no one knows.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italy", "proto_id": "58b0b7f270b91540957180bb", "qanta_id": 96973, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One poet from this country wrote that \"in silences / things yield and almost betray / their ultimate secrets\" in a poem that begins by describing how \"Laureate poets / seem to wander among plants / no one knows.\" Another poet from this country began a poem by addressing, \"O ye who turn your steps along Love's way;\" that work appears in a book of both prose and poetry. Yet another poet from this country addressed \"You who hear the sound, in scattered rhymes\" in the first poem of a collection. The poem (*) \"Lemon Trees\" is in the collection Cuttlefish Bones by one author from this country, which also produced an unfinished epic poem about Hannibal's defeat at the hands of Scipio Africanus. Two poets from this country wrote Il Canzoniere and La Vita Nuova, dedicated to Laura and Beatrice respectively. For 10 points, name this country that is home to the poets Petrarch and Dante.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 213, 370 ], [ 371, 496 ], [ 497, 696 ], [ 697, 809 ], [ 810, 888 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Dmitri {Shostakovich}", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Two cadenzas by the soloist comprise the entire moderato 3rd movement of this composer's Piano Concerto No. 1, which features a prominent solo trumpet obbligato.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dmitri_Shostakovich", "proto_id": "58b0b7f270b91540957180c6", "qanta_id": 96984, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "Two cadenzas by the soloist comprise the entire moderato 3rd movement of this composer's Piano Concerto No. 1, which features a prominent solo trumpet obbligato. This composer wrote a D, E flat, C, B motif, a musical monogram of his name, into the allegretto 3rd movement of his Symphony No. 10 as well as into the entirety of his String Quartet No. 8. One of this composer's works has sections titled (*) \"Little Polka\" and \"Lyric Waltz\" as well as a famous ternary form \"Waltz No. 2.\" This man wrote another work which uses the song \"You'll Find Me at Maxim's\" from Lehar's The Merry Widow in a 22-bar ostinato known as the \"invasion theme\" and also set poetry by Yevgeny Yevtushenko to music in another work. For 10 points, name this composer of two Jazz Suites as well as the \"Babi Yar\" and \"Leningrad\" symphonies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 352 ], [ 353, 485 ], [ 485, 536 ], [ 536, 711 ], [ 712, 818 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Athena [accept things like Virgin Athena]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One statue of this figure is named for Count Lenormant, and another one by Alan LeQuire is found in Nashville's Centennial Park.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Athena", "proto_id": "58b0b7f270b91540957180cc", "qanta_id": 96990, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "One statue of this figure is named for Count Lenormant, and another one by Alan LeQuire is found in Nashville's Centennial Park. The pedestal of one statue of this figure shows the birth of Pandora and a battle of the Amazons, and the clothing of the subject is tied at the waist by a snake. The position of a spear present in that statue is subject to some controversy. In one work depicting this figure, the subject's helmet has a pair of (*) griffins and a depiction of the sphinx, while Nike sits on the subject's outstretched hand. In that depiction, the aegis shield leans against her left leg. That statue was chryselephantine, much like the sculptor's depiction of a seated Zeus. For 10 points, name this figure, a statue of whom was sculpted by Phidias for a temple dedicated to her, the Parthenon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 291 ], [ 292, 370 ], [ 371, 536 ], [ 537, 600 ], [ 601, 687 ], [ 688, 807 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Octavio Paz Lozano", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author describes a city branded \"on every door / on every forehead / the $ sign,\" before saying \"We never arrive / Never reach where we are.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Octavio_Paz", "proto_id": "58b0b7f370b9154095718104", "qanta_id": 97046, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This author describes a city branded \"on every door / on every forehead / the $ sign,\" before saying \"We never arrive / Never reach where we are.\" Another of this author's poems notes \"today is the winter solstice / in the world... today is the world.\" This author also wrote, \"I grope my way through corridors of time\" before asking, \"Mary, Persephone, Heloise, show me / your face.\" That poem by this author of \"Return\" and (*) \"Solo for Two Voices\" ends describing \"a river that turns, moves on, doubles back, and comes full circle\" and is framed by the image of \"a crystal willow, a poplar of water.\" This author wrote a work in which the 584 lines correspond to the days in the Aztec calendar, and he also wrote the essay \"The Day of the Dead.\" For 10 points, name this author of Sunstone as well as the essay collection The Labyrinth of Solitude.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 231 ], [ 232, 251 ], [ 251, 384 ], [ 385, 603 ], [ 603, 604 ], [ 605, 749 ], [ 750, 852 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "three [accept negative 3, but do NOT accept 1/3]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Sound attenuation is inversely proportional to this power of the speed of sound according to Stokes Law.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "3", "proto_id": "58b0b7f370b9154095718114", "qanta_id": 97062, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Sound attenuation is inversely proportional to this power of the speed of sound according to Stokes Law. The Dulong-Petit Law says the molar heat capacity of most substances is this number times R. The potential of this many dipoles interacting through London dispersion forces is given by an expression named for Axilrod and Teller. For a molecule, the total number of degrees of freedom is equal to this number times the number of atoms. In the Standard Model, this is the number of mixing angles in the (*) CKM matrix, which corresponds to the fact that there are this many generations of quarks. The dropoff of the electric field of a dipole occurs as this power of the distance. For 10 points, name this integer equal to the number of quarks that comprise a baryon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 105, 197 ], [ 198, 333 ], [ 334, 439 ], [ 440, 599 ], [ 600, 683 ], [ 684, 770 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Tang Dynasty [or Tang Chao]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One ruler of this dynasty killed two of his brothers, including the Crown Prince, during the Xuanwu Gate Incident.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Tang_dynasty", "proto_id": "58b0b7f470b915409571812b", "qanta_id": 97085, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One ruler of this dynasty killed two of his brothers, including the Crown Prince, during the Xuanwu Gate Incident. Songtsan Gampo married the devoutly Buddhist Princess Wencheng, a niece of the aforementioned second ruler of this dynasty. That second ruler of this dynasty won the title Tian Kehan after defeating the Eastern Turkish Khanate. This was the last dynasty to use the equal field system, and it was strained by a rebellion that called itself the Yan Dynasty. The Second (*) Zhou Dynasty of the Empress Regnant Wu Zetian interrupted this dynasty. This dynasty was substantially weakened by a rebellion started by a half-Sogdian and half-Turkish general; that was the An Shi rebellion. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty whose second emperor was Taizong and which lasted from 618 to 907.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 238 ], [ 239, 342 ], [ 343, 470 ], [ 471, 557 ], [ 558, 695 ], [ 696, 803 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The second movement of one of this composer's works begins with a solo con sordino violin playing an F major chord using a dotted eighth and a double dotted quarter; that follows a movement which immediately opens with a tonic C played in octaves, followed by a motif of sixteenth note triplets from G leading up to C note quarters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "proto_id": "58b0b7f470b915409571813f", "qanta_id": 97105, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "The second movement of one of this composer's works begins with a solo con sordino violin playing an F major chord using a dotted eighth and a double dotted quarter; that follows a movement which immediately opens with a tonic C played in octaves, followed by a motif of sixteenth note triplets from G leading up to C note quarters. This composer used the key of G minor for his String Quartet No. 4, and also used that key for a symphony which begins its fourth movement with the (*) \"Mannheim Rocket,\" much like his Serenade No. 13 for strings in G major. This composer's last completed concerto was for Anton Stadler and was his Clarinet Concerto in A major. This composer wrote symphonies like the one nicknamed \"Linz\" as well as a \"little\" G minor symphony. For 10 points, name this composer of Eine kleine Nachtmusik and the \"Jupiter\" Symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 332 ], [ 333, 557 ], [ 558, 661 ], [ 662, 762 ], [ 763, 850 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Donatello [or Donato di Niccol\u00f2 di Betto Bardi]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One statue by this man shows angels in battle armor on one of its reliefs, which in turn sits on top of a pair of false doors symbolizing the entry to the underworld.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Donatello", "proto_id": "58b0b7f470b9154095718141", "qanta_id": 97107, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "One statue by this man shows angels in battle armor on one of its reliefs, which in turn sits on top of a pair of false doors symbolizing the entry to the underworld. He used white poplar for his depiction of a woman with her hands folded in prayer, which Vasari called an example of perfect anatomy; that work is the Penitent Magdalene. He depicted the condottieri (*) Erasmo of Narni in another work. Another work by him shows a man placing his hand in a fold of his toga; that realistic work was commissioned for the bell tower of the Florence Cathedral and depicts a bald prophet. Another of his works shows a man with his hand resting on his hip holding a sword in his right, naked except for a cap and shoes and standing on a decapitated head. For 10 points, name this renaissance sculptor who created the Gattamelata, a statue of Habakkuk called Zuccone, and a bronze depiction of David.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 337 ], [ 338, 402 ], [ 403, 584 ], [ 585, 749 ], [ 750, 894 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Percy Bysshe Shelley", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one work, this author wrote, \"I vowed that I would dedicate my powers /", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Percy_Bysshe_Shelley", "proto_id": "58b0b7f570b915409571819c", "qanta_id": 97198, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In one work, this author wrote, \"I vowed that I would dedicate my powers / To thee and thine \u0096 have I not kept the vow?\" That poem tells the addressee of \"one who worships thee... Whom, Spirit fair, thy spells did bind / To fear himself, and love mankind.\" Another of this author's poems describes Murder, Fraud, and the title figure, before instructing \"shake your (*) chains to earth, like dew\u0085 ye are many \u0096 they are few.\" One of this author's poems is about a figure whose \"fate and fame shall be / An echo and a light unto eternity,\" and repeats, \"O, weep for [the title figure].\" This author of Hymn to Intellectual Beauty and The Masque of Anarchy wrote \"An Elegy on the Death of John Keats,\" as well as a poem that asks, \"If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?\" For 10 points, name this poet of Adonais and Ode to the West Wind.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 74 ], [ 75, 120 ], [ 121, 179 ], [ 180, 220 ], [ 221, 256 ], [ 257, 397 ], [ 397, 410 ], [ 411, 424 ], [ 424, 425 ], [ 426, 502 ], [ 503, 584 ], [ 584, 585 ], [ 586, 773 ], [ 774, 840 ] ], "tournament": "Penn-ance", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "neutron star (prompt on magnetar or pulsar before mentioned; do not accept neutron)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The surface of these celestial objects is a solid lattice of nuclei in which \"starquakes\" can occur, causing these objects to spin faster.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutron_star", "proto_id": "58b0b7f770b91540957181db", "qanta_id": 97260, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "The surface of these celestial objects is a solid lattice of nuclei in which \"starquakes\" can occur, causing these objects to spin faster. If they emit electromagnetic radiation, their spinning causes the radiation to be observed at (*) regular intervals and these entities are known as pulsars. The core of a supernova can become, for 10 points, what type of very small, super-dense star named for a subatomic particle?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 295 ], [ 296, 420 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "entropy (prompt on \"S\" before mentioned; do not accept \"enthalpy\")", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Changes in this quantity due to mixing are the concern of the Gibbs paradox.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "58b0b7f770b91540957181e7", "qanta_id": 97272, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Changes in this quantity due to mixing are the concern of the Gibbs paradox. Given by Boltzmann's constant times the log of the number of microstates, its changes may equal heat divided by temperature. This state function is zero in a perfect (*) crystal at 0 Kelvin and it cannot decrease in isolated systems, by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Denoted S, for 10 points, name this quantity measuring a system's disorder.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 77, 201 ], [ 202, 347 ], [ 348, 423 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "War of 1812", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this war, Gordon Drummond captured Fort Niagara, turning momentum after Oliver Hazard Perry's victory at the Battle of Lake Erie allowed Detroit to be re-taken.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "War_of_1812", "proto_id": "58b0b7f870b915409571820b", "qanta_id": 97308, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In this war, Gordon Drummond captured Fort Niagara, turning momentum after Oliver Hazard Perry's victory at the Battle of Lake Erie allowed Detroit to be re-taken. The Battle of Bladensburg led to the burning of (*) Washington, D.C during this war, which included the defense of Fort McHenry that inspired Francis Scott Key's \"Star Spangled Banner.\" For 10 points, name this war between the U.S. and Great Britain that ended in 1815.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 349 ], [ 350, 433 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Commonwealth of Australia", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one novel set in this country, a glass church is transported hundreds of miles to settle a bet between Oscar and Lucinda.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Australia", "proto_id": "58b0b7f870b9154095718219", "qanta_id": 97322, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one novel set in this country, a glass church is transported hundreds of miles to settle a bet between Oscar and Lucinda. One author from this country described a factory owner who protected Jews during the Holocaust in Schindler's Ark. Jimmie Blacksmith and Ned Kelly live as (*) bushrangers in this country in works by Thomas Keneally and Peter Carey. The Outback is a common setting in, for 10 points, what large former British colony?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 124 ], [ 125, 356 ], [ 357, 441 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Mayan civilization", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Francisco Xim\u00e9nez translated this civilization's collection of myths, including a tale of wooden people killed by a flood sent by Gucumatz.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maya_civilization", "proto_id": "58b0b7f870b9154095718226", "qanta_id": 97335, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "Francisco Xim\u00e9nez translated this civilization's collection of myths, including a tale of wooden people killed by a flood sent by Gucumatz. Another of this civilization's myths sees Seven Macaw defeated by Hunahpu [hoo-NAH-poo] and Xbalanque [SH'buh-LAN-kay], the (*) Hero Twins, in a ball game. The Popol Vuh records the myths of, for 10 points, what Mesoamerican civilization whose cyclical Long Count calendar resets in December, 2012?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 295 ], [ 296, 438 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Charlemagne (accept Charles I; accept Charles the Great; accept Carolus Magnus)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man succeeded his brother Carloman, and this opponent of Desiderius ended Lombard influence in Italy at the Battle of Pavia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "58b0b7f970b915409571822a", "qanta_id": 97338, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This man succeeded his brother Carloman, and this opponent of Desiderius ended Lombard influence in Italy at the Battle of Pavia. The Treaty of Verdun divided his land among his grandsons, and Einhard's biography of this man recounts how this son of (*) Pepin the Short and grandson of Charles Martel was crowned \"Emperor of the Romans\" in 800 by Pope Leo III. For 10 points, name this Carolingian ruler who united Western Europe as King of the Franks.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 360 ], [ 361, 452 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Loki", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This figure's father was Farbauti [far-bahw-tee], and his daughter is the keeper of the dishonorable dead.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Loki", "proto_id": "58b0b7f970b9154095718259", "qanta_id": 97385, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This figure's father was Farbauti [far-bahw-tee], and his daughter is the keeper of the dishonorable dead. This god's wife is Sigyn [SIG-in], but through his lover, Angrboda [\"anger\"-boh-dah], this god is the father of three great monsters. Dripping (*) snake venom is used to punish this male mother of Sleipnir, who will break free to lead the giants at Ragnar\u00f6k. He tricked Hodr into killing Frigg's son, Baldr. For 10 points, name this Norse trickster god.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 240 ], [ 241, 365 ], [ 366, 414 ], [ 415, 460 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Herbert (Clark) Hoover", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This President ended the practice of \"yellow-dog\" labor contracts by signing the NorrisLaGuardia Act, and he gave loans to troubled banks by starting the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Herbert_Hoover", "proto_id": "58b0b7fa70b9154095718281", "qanta_id": 97425, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This President ended the practice of \"yellow-dog\" labor contracts by signing the NorrisLaGuardia Act, and he gave loans to troubled banks by starting the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Near the end of his term, he sent (*) Douglas MacArthur to clear out the Bonus Army that was protesting for relief from the Great Depression. For 10 points, name this U.S. President who was succeeded by Franklin Roosevelt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 189 ], [ 190, 331 ], [ 332, 412 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2012 }, { "answer": "Venice [or Venezia]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One artist from this city depicted a skull on a desk behind a title saint who stares up at the sky in Saint Francis in Ecstasy; another painted a lightning above a soldier and a breastfeeding woman in The Tempest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Venice", "proto_id": "58b0b7fb70b915409571829e", "qanta_id": 97454, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "One artist from this city depicted a skull on a desk behind a title saint who stares up at the sky in Saint Francis in Ecstasy; another painted a lightning above a soldier and a breastfeeding woman in The Tempest. A third artist from this city showed a floating man in Miracle of the Slave and painted a ceiling lamp in the upper-left of his diagonally-oriented Last Supper. This home of Bellini and Giorgione also housed the artist who inspired Manet's Olympia by painting a goddess who reclines naked on a white bed, the Venus of Urbino. Tintoretto and Titian lived in, for 10 points, what Italian city, where Canaletto painted many views of the Grand Canal?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 214, 374 ], [ 375, 539 ], [ 540, 660 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a fairy tale about a wish-granting golden fish.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Pushkin", "proto_id": "58b0b7fb70b91540957182ba", "qanta_id": 97482, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote a fairy tale about a wish-granting golden fish. A one-act play by this author, which features a composer drinking poisoned wine, inspired Peter Shaffer's Amadeus. This creator of the servant Guillot penned Mozart and Salieri and devised a verse form later used in Vikram Seth's The Golden Gate. This author wrote a \"little tragedy\" titled for the statue that killed Don Juan, The Stone Guest. This part-black author used sonnets to write a novel in which Tatyana Larina's lover kills Vladimir Lensky in a duel. For 10 points, name this Russian author of Boris Godunov and Eugene Onegin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 65 ], [ 66, 180 ], [ 181, 312 ], [ 313, 410 ], [ 411, 528 ], [ 529, 604 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Auguste Rodin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist's Andromeda, Bent in Half depicts a supine woman lying on her stomach a rock, like his larger The Danaid.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "58b0b7fc70b91540957182d4", "qanta_id": 97508, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist's Andromeda, Bent in Half depicts a supine woman lying on her stomach a rock, like his larger The Danaid. Stanford University has a copy of one monument by this man in which a noose sits around the neck of one merchant. His sculpture groups include three hunched figures pointing downwards and six heroic merchants in The Three Shades and The Burghers of Calais, respectively. This man sculpted two seated figures embracing in The Kiss, within his unfinished Gates of Hell. For 10 points, name this French sculptor who showed a seated, Dante-inspired man with his chin on one hand in The Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 231 ], [ 232, 388 ], [ 389, 485 ], [ 486, 608 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "King David", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One legend about this man says that he didn't understand the use of spiders, mosquitoes, or insanity until all three helped save his life; in particular, he was forced to feign madness before Achish, king of Gath.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David", "proto_id": "58b0b7fc70b91540957182d6", "qanta_id": 97510, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "One legend about this man says that he didn't understand the use of spiders, mosquitoes, or insanity until all three helped save his life; in particular, he was forced to feign madness before Achish, king of Gath. A feud among this man's sons began after his daughter Tamar was raped by her half-brother Amnon, and he survived the rebellion of his long-haired son Absalom. This man had Uriah killed in battle after committing adultery with Bathsheba. This man's closest friend was Jonathan, the son of his predecessor Saul. For 10 points, name this King of Israel who, as a youth, used a stone to defeat Goliath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 213 ], [ 214, 372 ], [ 373, 450 ], [ 451, 523 ], [ 524, 612 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "John Griffith \"Jack\" London", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote an unfinished novel about a murderers' agency which turns on its founder, The Assassination Bureau, Limited, and Professor Smith survives an outbreak that begins in 2013 in his \"The Scarlet Plague.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jack_London", "proto_id": "58b0b7fc70b91540957182e3", "qanta_id": 97523, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author wrote an unfinished novel about a murderers' agency which turns on its founder, The Assassination Bureau, Limited, and Professor Smith survives an outbreak that begins in 2013 in his \"The Scarlet Plague.\" This author also wrote a novel in which the Everhard Manuscript depicts America's fall to an oligarchical regime, called The Iron Heel. He depicted Humphrey van Weyden's adventures aboard the ship Ghost, a man suffering from extreme cold on the Yukon trail, and an animal who kills Yeehat Indians after pulling a sled. For 10 points, name this American author of \"To Build a Fire\" and The Sea-Wolf, who wrote of the dog Buck in The Call of the Wild.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 215 ], [ 215, 216 ], [ 217, 352 ], [ 353, 535 ], [ 536, 666 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "\u00c9mile Durkheim [or David \u00c9mile Durkheim]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This academic put forth the \"fundamental rule\" that \"One must consider social facts as things.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Durkheim", "proto_id": "58b0b7fc70b91540957182e7", "qanta_id": 97527, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This academic put forth the \"fundamental rule\" that \"One must consider social facts as things.\" His study of animism and totemism argued that religions were instances of abstract society worship, and focused on the sacred/profane dichotomy. This author of Elementary Forms of Religious Life wrote a dissertation on the shift from \"mechanical\" to \"organic\" solidarity, The Division of Labor in Society. He described egoistic, fatalistic, and altruistic deaths in a study which included a state of disconnect from social norms, or anomie, among four causes of Suicide. For 10 points, name this pioneering French sociologist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 240 ], [ 241, 401 ], [ 402, 566 ], [ 567, 622 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "three [accept tripole]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This is the number of possible arrangements of a pair of identical bosons in a two-level system.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "3", "proto_id": "58b0b7fc70b91540957182f0", "qanta_id": 97536, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This is the number of possible arrangements of a pair of identical bosons in a two-level system. A DC circuit that exhibits damped harmonic oscillation must contain at least this many passive elements. This is the smallest nonexistent multipole moment. Any gravitating system with at least this many bodies is not analytically integrable. The electron's charge is this number times the down quark charge. The thermodynamic law of this number isn't really a law, and describes the entropy of ideal crystals in a certain limit. There are this many generations of quarks. For 10 points, give this number that is also the number of observable spatial dimensions in the universe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 201 ], [ 202, 252 ], [ 253, 338 ], [ 339, 404 ], [ 405, 525 ], [ 526, 568 ], [ 569, 674 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Alfred, Lord Tennyson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet included the cry \"I am aweary, aweary; I would that I were dead!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson", "proto_id": "58b0b7fc70b91540957182f5", "qanta_id": 97541, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This poet included the cry \"I am aweary, aweary; I would that I were dead!\" in a poem inspired by Measure for Measure. He described \"Long fields of barley and of rye / That clothe the wold and meet the sky\" in another poem, and had a mythical narrator complain that \"after many a summer dies the swan.\" This author of \"Marianna,\" \"Tithonus,\" and \"The Lady of Shalott\" wrote of an old king who still wants \"to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield\" despite having returned home. For 10 points, name this Victorian author of \"Ulysses,\" who described the \"noble six hundred\" in \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 75 ], [ 76, 118 ], [ 119, 167 ], [ 168, 301 ], [ 301, 302 ], [ 303, 482 ], [ 483, 614 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "George Washington", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This leader is erroneously attributed a horse named \"Ellen Edenberg\" by many websites because a Stanford student named Ellen Edenberg once asked online about his horse's name.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "58b0b7fc70b91540957182f6", "qanta_id": 97542, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This leader is erroneously attributed a horse named \"Ellen Edenberg\" by many websites because a Stanford student named Ellen Edenberg once asked online about his horse's name. An author named after this leader set Les Grandissimes and Old Creole Days in New Orleans. This man was painted by the artist of The Skater in the Lansdowne portrait, and had several myths about him fabricated by Parson Weems. This man, who allegedly threw a silver dollar a mile across the Potomac, is the eponym an African-American food scientist who popularized the peanut, and camped his own troops at Valley Forge. For 10 points, name this first U.S. President.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 266 ], [ 267, 402 ], [ 403, 595 ], [ 596, 642 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Charlemagne [or Charles the Great; or Charles I; or Karl der Grosse; or Carolus Magnus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's court employed the first known reporter on the Lindisfarne abbey attack, and standardized uncial script to create his namesake \"miniscule script\" for Latin writing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "58b0b7fc70b91540957182f7", "qanta_id": 97543, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This man's court employed the first known reporter on the Lindisfarne abbey attack, and standardized uncial script to create his namesake \"miniscule script\" for Latin writing. Alcuin of York served this leader, whose empire was split between three grandchildren via the Treaty of Verdun. Einhard wrote a Life of this king, whose architects built an octahedral dome for the chapel of his palace at Aachen. Pope Leo III gave this loser at Ronceveaux Pass and son of Pepin the Short a new title on Christmas Day in 800. For 10 points, name this monarch of the Carolingian Franks, usually called the first Holy Roman Emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 287 ], [ 288, 404 ], [ 405, 516 ], [ 517, 621 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gianlorenzo Bernini", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's artworks features a seashell shape with a Latin inscription on it and three bees along the bottom; another shows an actively-posed man pulling back a sling.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini", "proto_id": "58b0b7fd70b91540957182ff", "qanta_id": 97551, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "One of this man's artworks features a seashell shape with a Latin inscription on it and three bees along the bottom; another shows an actively-posed man pulling back a sling. This man had a rival who sculpted the monument for the tomb of Pope Leo XI, named Alessandro Algardi. This creator of an action-shot David made four twisted bronze columns for a baldachin in St. Peter's basilica, and his work on the Piazza Barberini includes two fountains. He put rays of gold above his sculpture of an angel holding an arrow by a nun lying rapt. For 10 points, name this Baroque sculptor of Apollo and Daphne and The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 276 ], [ 277, 448 ], [ 449, 538 ], [ 539, 634 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "birds [or Aves; accept woodpeckers on the first clue; accpet crows or ravens or blackbirds after the asterisk; accept eagles during the Garuda clause]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A Latin king who became one of this class of animals when Circe hit him with a golden twig was named Picus.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bird", "proto_id": "58b0b7fd70b9154095718300", "qanta_id": 97552, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "A Latin king who became one of this class of animals when Circe hit him with a golden twig was named Picus. A big one taught Zal to do a C-section to aid Rustam's birth in Persian myth. Simurgh was in this class of creatures, as was the Chinese fenghuang. * Two black animals in this class representing thought and memory, Hugin and Munin, report to Odin, and another black one was a non-Coyote trickster god of the Pacific Northwest. In Hindu myth, their king is Garuda, and women with these creatures' bodies who sing to sailors are called sirens. For 10 points, name this class of animals which makes up half of a harpy and includes the phoenix.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 185 ], [ 186, 255 ], [ 256, 257 ], [ 258, 434 ], [ 435, 549 ], [ 550, 648 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "violoncello", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This instrument represents the title character in a composition that makes use of flutter-tonguing in the brass to depict the bleating of sheep.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cello", "proto_id": "58b0b7fd70b9154095718308", "qanta_id": 97560, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This instrument represents the title character in a composition that makes use of flutter-tonguing in the brass to depict the bleating of sheep. That work is Don Quixote by Richard Strauss. Jacqueline du Pr\u00e9, who played this instrument, released the best-known recording of a concerto for this instrument in E minor, composed by Edward Elgar. The movement \"The Swan,\" from Saint-Sa\u00ebns's Carnival of the Animals, is scored for two pianos and this instrument. Pablo Casals popularized a set of six suites for this instrument by J.S. Bach. Played by Yo-Yo Ma, for 10 points, name this string instrument played sitting down, pitched lower than a viola but higher than a double bass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 189 ], [ 190, 342 ], [ 343, 457 ], [ 458, 536 ], [ 537, 678 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "mass density", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Waves of this quantity are responsible for maintaining the structure of spiral galaxies, according to the theory of Lin and Shu.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Density", "proto_id": "58b0b7fd70b915409571830b", "qanta_id": 97563, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Waves of this quantity are responsible for maintaining the structure of spiral galaxies, according to the theory of Lin and Shu. The critical version of this property for the universe is used in computing a parameter also named for this property, denoted omega, which is approximately equal to one. In one formulation of Bernoulli's principle, the dynamic pressure is given as one-half this times fluid velocity squared. This intensive property is constant in an isochoric process. A hydrometer can determine the specific gravity, and thus, this quantity, which determines whether or not an object will float in a fluid. For 10 points, what quantity is given as mass divided by volume?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 298 ], [ 299, 420 ], [ 421, 481 ], [ 482, 620 ], [ 621, 685 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Lord of the Flies", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This book's title figure \"expands like a balloon\" until a black mouth surrounds its conversational partner.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lord_of_the_Flies", "proto_id": "58b0b7fd70b9154095718310", "qanta_id": 97568, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This book's title figure \"expands like a balloon\" until a black mouth surrounds its conversational partner. A landform called \"the scar\" recurs in this book, in which a person's breathing is mocked by the phrase \"sucks to your ass-mar,\" a set of twins is called by the single word Samneric, and a class of people called \"littluns\" emerges. Simon investigates \"the beast\" and hears messages from a decaying pig's head in this novel, in which the shattering of a conch shell and the breaking of Piggy's glasses heighten tension between Ralph and Jack's choirboys. For 10 points, name this book by William Golding about boys stranded on an island.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 339 ], [ 340, 561 ], [ 562, 644 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Iceman Cometh", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this play is mocked for not knowing which side of a cow has horns and tries to play the song \"The Sunshine of Paradise Alley;\" another is the son of a wealthy bucket manufacturer named Bill Oban.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Iceman_Cometh", "proto_id": "58b0b7fd70b9154095718312", "qanta_id": 97570, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One character in this play is mocked for not knowing which side of a cow has horns and tries to play the song \"The Sunshine of Paradise Alley;\" another is the son of a wealthy bucket manufacturer named Bill Oban. This play's three female characters include Margie and Pearl, who call themselves \"tarts\" rather than whores. The proprietor of this play's indoor setting hasn't left it for twenty years, since his wife Bess's death. Don Parritt finds an ex-anarchist named Larry in this play, whose intoxicated cast talks with a salesman named Hickey about their \"pipe dreams.\" For 10 points, name this play about the deadbeats at Harry Hope's bar, by Eugene O'Neill.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 213, 322 ], [ 323, 429 ], [ 430, 573 ], [ 573, 664 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Cuba", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "George Bickley's secret society envisioned this place at the center of the namesake round region of the Knights of the Golden Circle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cuba", "proto_id": "58b0b7fd70b9154095718319", "qanta_id": 97577, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "George Bickley's secret society envisioned this place at the center of the namesake round region of the Knights of the Golden Circle. Pierre Soul\u00e9 exposed a secret deal to spend 130 million dollars on this place between himself, John Mason, and James Buchanan. The Venezuelan Narciso Lopez attacked this place, where Leonard Wood was later made a brigadier general. The Ostend manifesto about annexing this place shamed Franklin Pierce. Its sovereignty was limited by the Teller and Platt amendments after the USS Maine exploded. For 10 points, name this embargoed island run by the US after the Spanish-American War, later run by the Communist Fidel Castro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 260 ], [ 261, 365 ], [ 366, 436 ], [ 437, 529 ], [ 530, 658 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Spain [or Reino de Espa\u00f1a]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One composition named for this country, often described by its composer as \"a piece in F and nothing more,\" is the best-known orchestral piece by Emmanuel Chabrier.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "58b0b7fd70b915409571831c", "qanta_id": 97580, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "One composition named for this country, often described by its composer as \"a piece in F and nothing more,\" is the best-known orchestral piece by Emmanuel Chabrier. A prominent solo violin part appears in a \"Symphony\" named for this country by Edouard Lalo. Another composition inspired by this country contains two very similar \"Alborada\" movements; that piece is a \"Capriccio\" by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. A composer from here depicted the Generalife in a piece titled \"Nights in the Gardens of\" this country and also wrote The Three-Cornered Hat. For 10 points, name this home of Manuel de Falla (\"de FA-yah\"), who was often inspired by its flamenco music.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 257 ], [ 258, 406 ], [ 407, 548 ], [ 549, 658 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Sparta [or Lacedaemonia][in the official opinion of the BHSAT editing team, the acceptable answer \"THIS. IS. SPARTA!\" isn't funny anymore", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This city's diplomat Antalcidas signed a peace ceding many territories to Persia two decades before its leader Agesilaus lost the Boeotian (\"bee-OH-shin\") war at Leuctra.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sparta", "proto_id": "58b0b7fd70b9154095718334", "qanta_id": 97604, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classical", "text": "This city's diplomat Antalcidas signed a peace ceding many territories to Persia two decades before its leader Agesilaus lost the Boeotian (\"bee-OH-shin\") war at Leuctra. This city is attributed a sluggish and cautious character by Thucydides. This city's old men joined the gerousia, and it was led by two kings and five ephors. This city's new navy won the battle of Aegospotami in 404 BCE. It put down revolts of its serf-like helots, and its agoge system trained young boys in a standardized manner. For 10 points, name this Greek city-state whose military focus helped it win the Peloponnesian War against Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 170 ], [ 171, 243 ], [ 244, 329 ], [ 330, 392 ], [ 393, 503 ], [ 504, 618 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "electrons", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The work function measures the binding energy of these things.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electron", "proto_id": "58b0b7fd70b915409571833a", "qanta_id": 97610, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The work function measures the binding energy of these things. \"Configurations\" of them are often abbreviated by writing the symbol of a noble gas in square brackets. Multiplying their charge by one volt gives a unit of energy that is frequently used in particle physics. In an atom, the state of one of these is uniquely defined by four indices, including the spin quantum number, which exists due to the Pauli exclusion principle. In the Bohr model, these things orbit in distinct shells, but modern theories treat them as a cloud of probability surrounding a nucleus. For 10 points, name these negatively-charged subatomic particles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 64 ], [ 64, 166 ], [ 167, 271 ], [ 272, 432 ], [ 433, 570 ], [ 571, 636 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Luigi Pirandello", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One play by this author is a conversation between a businessman who has missed a train and another with a cancerous growth.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Luigi_Pirandello", "proto_id": "58b0b7fe70b9154095718363", "qanta_id": 97651, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One play by this author is a conversation between a businessman who has missed a train and another with a cancerous growth. Besides The Man With the Flower in His Mouth, this man wrote about Matilda, who dresses as a medieval countess to heal a demented actor. This author concluded a play with the drowning of a little girl and the suicide of her brother, in the garden of their father, who had earlier seduced their sister in Madame Pace's shop. This author of Henry IV wrote of a family invading a rehearsal and demanding that their story be staged. For 10 points, Six Characters in Search of an Author was penned by what modern Italian playwright?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 260 ], [ 261, 447 ], [ 448, 552 ], [ 553, 651 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Ernest Miller Hemingway", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one story by this man, a boy goes with his father to deliver a baby, and the baby's father quietly commits suicide during the Caesarean section.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ernest_Hemingway", "proto_id": "58b0b7fe70b915409571836f", "qanta_id": 97663, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one story by this man, a boy goes with his father to deliver a baby, and the baby's father quietly commits suicide during the Caesarean section. In another short story by him, the same boy, now an young man, encounters Max and Al in a George's restaurant, as they plot to murder the Swedish boxer Ole Andreson. A third short story by this author begins by describing a frozen leopard carcass, and ends with Harry hallucinating a flight over the title mountain while dying on safari. For 10 points, name this American whose \"Indian Camp\" and \"The Killers\" feature Nick Adams, who also wrote \"The Snows of Kilimanjaro\" and set his novel The Sun Also Rises in Spain.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 313 ], [ 314, 485 ], [ 486, 666 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "triangles", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The group of symmetries of a regular one of these is isomorphic to the smallest non-Abelian group.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Triangle", "proto_id": "58b0b7fe70b9154095718374", "qanta_id": 97668, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "The group of symmetries of a regular one of these is isomorphic to the smallest non-Abelian group. Thales's theorem describes the angles of these polygons when inscribed in a circle. Three of the platonic solids have these as faces. When a norm is applied to vectors that form the edges of one of these, the norms must satisfy this object's namesake inequality. A special case of Brahmagupta's formula named for Heron gives the area of these figures. Squares, hexagons, and these are the only regular polygons that can tile the plane. The law of cosines relates the lengths of their sides. For 10 points, name these simplest polygons, which come in scalene and isosceles varieties.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 182 ], [ 183, 232 ], [ 233, 361 ], [ 362, 450 ], [ 451, 534 ], [ 535, 589 ], [ 590, 681 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus [or Gaius Octavius; or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This leader granted women the emancipated ius liberorum status for bearing three or more children.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Augustus", "proto_id": "58b0b7ff70b9154095718386", "qanta_id": 97686, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classical", "text": "This leader granted women the emancipated ius liberorum status for bearing three or more children. He included his early victory at Mutina in an account of his life put on bronze pillars and the Ancyra monument, called Res Gestae. This ruler put up a large sundial and the Altar of Peace while remodeling the Forum. This husband of Livia Drusilla mourned three legions who fell at Teutoburg Forest in Germania. With Agrippa's help, this founder of the Praetorian Guard and predecessor of Tiberius gained sole control with a naval victory at Actium. For 10 points, name this adoptive son of Julius Caesar who renamed himself in 27 BC , the first Roman emperor.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 98 ], [ 99, 230 ], [ 231, 315 ], [ 316, 410 ], [ 411, 548 ], [ 549, 659 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Beowulf", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A song in this work tells of the death of Finn on a visit to his sister in Frisia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Beowulf", "proto_id": "58b0b7ff70b915409571838f", "qanta_id": 97695, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A song in this work tells of the death of Finn on a visit to his sister in Frisia. The first character to speak in this work is a coast-guard who gives directions to some sea-faring soldiers. It survives as the work of Scribes A and B in Cotton Vitellius A15, also called the Nowell Codex. One character in this work is challenged to retell his swimming contest with Breca. This poem begins with the funeral of Scyld Scefing, and ends with Wiglaf assisting the title figure against a dragon. Its title Geatish hero defends Heorot hall and king Hrothgar. For 10 points, identify this Old English poem, in which the title warrior defeats the monster Grendel and its mother.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 191 ], [ 192, 289 ], [ 290, 373 ], [ 374, 491 ], [ 492, 553 ], [ 554, 671 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Immanuel Kant", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This philosopher discussed the \"unity of apperception\" in a book where he used arguments based on unprovable facts about the mind, called transcendental deductions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "58b0b7ff70b9154095718399", "qanta_id": 97705, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This philosopher discussed the \"unity of apperception\" in a book where he used arguments based on unprovable facts about the mind, called transcendental deductions. He distinguished the unreachable noumenon from the sensible phenomenal world, and posited \"man's emergence from self-imposed immaturity\" in his essay \"What is Enlightenment?\" He forbid lying even to a murderer inquiring about one's best friend, discussed the beautiful and sublime in his aesthetic tract Critique of Judgment, and proved that synthetic a priori truths exist. For 10 points, name this formulator of the categorical imperative, a Prussian philosopher who wrote Critique of Pure Reason.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 339 ], [ 340, 539 ], [ 540, 664 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "California", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Siskiyou Wilderness is a section of the Klamath Mountains located in the northern part of this state.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "California", "proto_id": "58b0b80070b91540957183b4", "qanta_id": 97732, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "The Siskiyou Wilderness is a section of the Klamath Mountains located in the northern part of this state. The largest amount of dust pollution in the US comes from a dry lake in this state where borax is mined. After a 1905 flood, this state's largest lake was formed near the Coachella Valley. This state is home to Mono and Owens Lakes. A bristlecone pine tree called Methuselah, located here, is the oldest single living organism on the planet. This home of the Salton Sea is also the location of the largest mountain outside Alaska in the US. The San Joaquin river flows from the Sierra Nevada in this state. For 10 points, name this home of Yosemite National Park.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 210 ], [ 211, 294 ], [ 295, 338 ], [ 339, 447 ], [ 448, 546 ], [ 547, 612 ], [ 613, 669 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Sir Isaac Newton", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man got William Chaloner arrested for counterfeiting while he served as Master of the Royal Mint.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isaac_Newton", "proto_id": "58b0b80070b91540957183c3", "qanta_id": 97747, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "This man got William Chaloner arrested for counterfeiting while he served as Master of the Royal Mint. Samuel Clarke supported this man, who succeeded Isaac Barrow as the second Lucasian Chair. He wrote the manuscript De motu to William Halley. This man introduced a dot over a variable to represent its derivative. Alexander Pope wrote, \"God said 'Let [this man] be, and all was light.\" In a letter to Robert Hooke, this man mentioned that he had \"seen further\" by \"standing on the shoulders of giants.\" He used a prism to separate a beam of light, as detailed in his tract Opticks. For 10 points, name this man who theorized universal gravitation, though an apple had nothing to do with it.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 193 ], [ 194, 244 ], [ 245, 315 ], [ 316, 387 ], [ 388, 504 ], [ 505, 583 ], [ 584, 692 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "time [or \"Slow time\" from the Grecian Urn clue]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The speaker of Frost's \"Acquainted with the Night\" proclaims this thing \"was neither wrong nor right\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Time", "proto_id": "58b0b80070b91540957183d6", "qanta_id": 97766, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "The speaker of Frost's \"Acquainted with the Night\" proclaims this thing \"was neither wrong nor right\". John Keats addresses the Grecian urn as the \"foster child of Silence\" and this figure. In the last stanza of \"Fern Hill,\" the speaker notes that this thing \"held [him] green and dying.\" This word appears last in the title of a poem whose speaker asks his subjects to \"gather ye rosebuds while ye may\" so that the virgins \"make much of\" it. The speaker of another poem hears this figure's \"winged chariot hurrying near.\" In \"To His Coy Mistress,\" the speaker laments that he lacks \"world enough\" and this. For 10 points, name this figure often depicted as a \"Father\" holding a scythe.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 189 ], [ 190, 288 ], [ 289, 442 ], [ 443, 521 ], [ 521, 522 ], [ 523, 607 ], [ 608, 686 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "lasers [or light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation; or masers before \"light\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Though not synchotrons, one type of these devices makes use of wigglers to accelerate electrons through a transverse magnetic field.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Laser", "proto_id": "58b0b80070b91540957183dc", "qanta_id": 97772, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Though not synchotrons, one type of these devices makes use of wigglers to accelerate electrons through a transverse magnetic field. In 2012, physicists used one of these devices to create particles which were successfully quantum teleported 150 kilometers away. These devices use optical pumping to bring the system to a short-lived state which decays into the most populated metastable state. That's called population inversion. These devices, which come in a free-electron type, are used to create a transmission hologram. They create coherent photons through stimulated emission. For 10 points, name these devices which can make a monochromatic beam of light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 262 ], [ 263, 394 ], [ 395, 430 ], [ 431, 525 ], [ 526, 583 ], [ 584, 663 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Nikolai Gogol", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A character created by this author reads a letter written to Fidel by Meggy and concludes that the dogs are carrying on an affair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Gogol", "proto_id": "58b0b80270b91540957183ed", "qanta_id": 97789, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A character created by this author reads a letter written to Fidel by Meggy and concludes that the dogs are carrying on an affair. A novel by this author ends mid-sentence during a Prince's speech lambasting corruption. Major Kovalyov is outraged when the title character of one of this author's stories becomes a State Councilor. At the end of another, the protagonist's ghost assaults a \"very important person\" and steals his coat. Khlestakov pretends to be a government employee in this author's play The Inspector General. Chichikov comes up with a scheme to buy the rights to serfs in a novel by this author. For 10 points, name this Russian author of \"The Nose\" and Dead Souls.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 219 ], [ 220, 330 ], [ 331, 433 ], [ 434, 526 ], [ 527, 613 ], [ 614, 683 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "France", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one film from this country, Robert explains that Andre's death at the hands of Schumacher was an accident.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "France", "proto_id": "58b0b80370b915409571842c", "qanta_id": 97852, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In one film from this country, Robert explains that Andre's death at the hands of Schumacher was an accident. In another film from this country, the main character is accused of plagiarism by the teacher Sourpuss, causing him to run away. The magazine Notebooks on Cinema was important to a cinema movement in this country. Rick Blaine originally met Ilsa in this country in Casablanca. In a film set here, the film-loving Michel is betrayed to the police by Patricia, and that film, Breathless, is an example of this country's \"New Wave.\" For 10 points, name this country home to Jean Renoir and Francois Truffaut, the latter of whom set most of The 400 Blows in Paris.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 238 ], [ 239, 323 ], [ 324, 386 ], [ 387, 539 ], [ 540, 670 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Cambodia [or Kampuchea]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A government slogan in this country was, \"To keep you is no benefit.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cambodia", "proto_id": "58b0b80370b915409571843d", "qanta_id": 97869, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A government slogan in this country was, \"To keep you is no benefit. To destroy you is no loss.\" In this country, a man nicknamed \"Comrade Duch\" was promoted to head of the Santebal in 1975. An exiled government called GRUNK was formed after a 1970 coup in this country forced the prime minister to hide in Beijing. In this nation, Brother Number One came to power during Year Zero after overthrowing Prince Sihanouk. The US launched Operation Freedom Deal, a bombing campaign, against this nation under President Nixon. A genocide in this country was carried out in \"killing fields.\" For 10 points, name this country home to Angkor Wat and Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 69, 96 ], [ 97, 190 ], [ 191, 315 ], [ 316, 417 ], [ 418, 520 ], [ 521, 584 ], [ 585, 663 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Franz Schubert", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A string quartet by this composer is based on a Matthias Claudius poem and is characterized by sudden dynamic changes from fortissimo to pianissimo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Franz_Schubert", "proto_id": "58b0b80370b915409571843e", "qanta_id": 97870, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "A string quartet by this composer is based on a Matthias Claudius poem and is characterized by sudden dynamic changes from fortissimo to pianissimo. Another work by this composer represents a horse's movement with running triplets, as a father and son are pursued by the title creature. This composer wrote a piece for piano and strings named for his own song \"Die Forelle.\" This composer of Death and the Maiden and Der Erlkonig is best-known for his eighth symphony, which was originally intended to have a third movement Scherzo only sketched before his death. For 10 points, name this composer of the Trout Quintet and the Unfinished Symphony.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 286 ], [ 287, 373 ], [ 373, 374 ], [ 375, 563 ], [ 564, 647 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "electronegativity", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This quantity is used to determine oxidation states--but not formal charges-- in compounds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Electronegativity", "proto_id": "58b0b80370b915409571845d", "qanta_id": 97901, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This quantity is used to determine oxidation states--but not formal charges-- in compounds. sp carbons have a greater value for this quantity than do sp3 carbons, causing the relative acidity of alkynes. When this property is large for certain atoms, it causes a relative increase in acidity for adjacent protons according to the inductive effect. C-H are nonpolar because both carbon and hydrogen have a value of 2.2 on a scale for measuring this quantity. On the Pauling scale, fluorine has the greatest value for this property. For 10 points, name this property measuring an atom's ability to attract electrons to itself.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 203 ], [ 204, 347 ], [ 348, 457 ], [ 458, 530 ], [ 531, 624 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Claude Debussy", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this composer features the movements \"Jimbo's Lullaby\" and \"The Little Shepherd.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "58b0b80370b915409571845f", "qanta_id": 97903, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "One work by this composer features the movements \"Jimbo's Lullaby\" and \"The Little Shepherd.\" In another work by this composer, the second movement plays on the traditional \"Menuet,\" while the final movement is a \"Passepied.\" This composer wrote the Children's Corner suite and another piece subtitled \"Three Symphonic Sketches.\" That work by this composer includes a \"Play on the Waves\" and is one of this composer's rare pieces for orchestra. This composer's most famous work is the third movement of the Suite Bergamasque, and is named for a Paul Verlaine poem of the same name. For 10 points, name this French composer of La Mer and \"Clair de Lune.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 225 ], [ 226, 328 ], [ 328, 444 ], [ 445, 581 ], [ 582, 653 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Federal Republic of Somalia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "An effort to seize control of this country's trade routes led to the death of journalist Hansi Krauss.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Somalia", "proto_id": "58b0b80370b9154095718461", "qanta_id": 97905, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "An effort to seize control of this country's trade routes led to the death of journalist Hansi Krauss. American soldiers were dragged and broadcasted through the streets of this nation after the failed Olympic Hotel bombing. An attempt to overthrow a leader in this country began at Bakara Market, which served as a focal point for the Habar Gidir clan. The UN failed to capture warlord Mohammad Farah Aidid during Operation Restore Hope in this country, which burst into civil war after the Delta Force lost two Blackhawks in 1993. For 10 points, name this east African nation, the site of the Battle of Mogadishu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 224 ], [ 225, 353 ], [ 354, 532 ], [ 533, 615 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "the Moon [or Sea of Tranquility or Mare Tranquillitatis]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Most photographs taken of this place were captured with three Hasselblad cameras.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moon", "proto_id": "58b0b80370b9154095718464", "qanta_id": 97908, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Most photographs taken of this place were captured with three Hasselblad cameras. A trip to this location inspired a photograph that is partly attributed to Ronald Evans and is called The Blue Marble. An early picture of this place was meant to study the effects of regolith and shows a man's protruding footprint. An iconic photo focused on this place was taken near a cemetery in Hernandez, New Mexico. The title of another Ansel Adams photo taken in Yosemite pairs this place with Half Dome. The image of a man climbing down the steps of the Eagle was taken on this place. For 10 points, name this body photographed by Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 200 ], [ 201, 314 ], [ 315, 404 ], [ 405, 494 ], [ 495, 575 ], [ 576, 653 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Walt Whitman", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The narrator of one poem by this author has \"heard what the talkers were talking, the talk of the beginning and end\" and discusses the \"procreant urge of the world.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walt_Whitman", "proto_id": "58b0b80470b9154095718479", "qanta_id": 97929, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "The narrator of one poem by this author has \"heard what the talkers were talking, the talk of the beginning and end\" and discusses the \"procreant urge of the world.\" Another work by this poet ends \"Great or small, you furnish your parts towards the soul.\" That poem begins \"Flood tide below me! I watch you face to face.\" The narrator of this man's most famous poem sounds his \"barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world,\" and begins \"I celebrate myself, and sing myself.\" For 10 points, name this American free-verse poet who included \"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry\" and \"Song of Myself\" in his Leaves of Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 165 ], [ 166, 254 ], [ 254, 294 ], [ 295, 321 ], [ 322, 471 ], [ 472, 605 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "water", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Release factors bind this substance to eRF3-GTP in a ribosome to end translation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Water", "proto_id": "58b0b80470b915409571847e", "qanta_id": 97934, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Release factors bind this substance to eRF3-GTP in a ribosome to end translation. The apoplastic and symplastic pathways transfer this compound. The \"potential\" of this substance is the sum of its solute and pressure components, and is symbolized psi. It is evolved into oxygen gas and two electrons to replenish those lost by photosystem II during the light-dependent reactions. This substance is present in higher concentration for the hypotonic solution. Tetrameric proteins which allow this substance to enter the cell are called aquaporins. It forms the largest percent of the cytosol by mass. For 10 points, name this vital compound for life.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 144 ], [ 145, 251 ], [ 252, 379 ], [ 380, 457 ], [ 458, 545 ], [ 546, 598 ], [ 599, 648 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Germany [or Deutschland]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A rebellion in one of this country's colonies was inspired by \"magical\" water mixed with oil and millet seeds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Germany", "proto_id": "58b0b80470b915409571848f", "qanta_id": 97951, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A rebellion in one of this country's colonies was inspired by \"magical\" water mixed with oil and millet seeds. This nation dealt with the Maji Maji Revolt and recently apologized for its genocide during the Herero Wars. The Algeciras Conference addressed this country's attempt to stop a rival nation from establishing a protectorate during the Tangiers Crisis. It lessened its fight for colonies under Leo von Caprivi. The Congo River was agreed to be a neutral zone at an 1884 meeting in this country during the \"Scramble for Africa\". For 10 points, name this country which colonized Tanzania and Namibia and hosted the Berlin Conference.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 110 ], [ 111, 219 ], [ 220, 361 ], [ 362, 419 ], [ 420, 536 ], [ 537, 640 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Aaron Copland", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer created a ballet inspired by Nosferatu about a sorcerer who resurrects zombies solely for his own enjoyment.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aaron_Copland", "proto_id": "58b0b80470b9154095718496", "qanta_id": 97958, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer created a ballet inspired by Nosferatu about a sorcerer who resurrects zombies solely for his own enjoyment. Another piece by this composer of Grohg has its melody derived from the song \"Bonyparte.\" The fourth movement of his third symphony is a reworking of another of his works for brass and percussion. Another of his works uses \"Camptown Races\" and features narration from the Gettysburg Address. This composer of \"Fanfare for the Common Man\" and Lincoln Portrait included the Shaker tune \"Simple Gifts\" in his most famous work, a ballet choreographed by Martha Graham. For 10 points, name this composer of Rodeo and Appalachian Spring.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 211 ], [ 211, 319 ], [ 320, 414 ], [ 415, 587 ], [ 588, 654 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "George Gordon, Lord Byron [accept either underlined name]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The speaker of one of this man's poems explains \"the heart must pause to breathe\" as his reason for doing the title action.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lord_Byron", "proto_id": "58b0b80470b9154095718497", "qanta_id": 97959, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "The speaker of one of this man's poems explains \"the heart must pause to breathe\" as his reason for doing the title action. This member of the Satanist school had a notorious feud with Robert Southey, a Lake Poet. In a work by this poet of \"We'll go no more a roving,\" the speaker describes a woman who had \"a heart whose love is innocent\" and compares her to \"the night of cloudless climes and starry skies.\" In another poem, this author satirically portrayed the archetypal womanizer as one is easily seduced. For 10 points, name this English Romantic poet of \"She Walks in Beauty\" and Don Juan [\"joo-un\".]", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 213 ], [ 214, 409 ], [ 410, 511 ], [ 512, 608 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "reductions [prompt on \"redox\" or \"oxidation-reduction\" or \"reduction-oxidation\", but not \"oxidation\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Metallic hydrides almost always catalyze these reactions. In line notation, the species which undergoes this reaction is placed on the right.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Redox", "proto_id": "58b0b80470b915409571849d", "qanta_id": 97965, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Metallic hydrides almost always catalyze these reactions. In line notation, the species which undergoes this reaction is placed on the right. Protons undergo this reaction in a SHE cell, which sets its namesake potential equal to zero. In general, that potential is multiplied by Faraday's constant in order to determine the Gibbs free energy change of one of these reactions. In organic chemistry, they usually result in addition of hydrogen atoms and removal of oxygen atoms. These reactions occur at the cathode of voltaic cells. For 10 points, name these reactions which occur when a species gains electrons, the opposite of an oxidation.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 235 ], [ 236, 376 ], [ 377, 477 ], [ 478, 532 ], [ 533, 642 ] ], "tournament": "BISB", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Justinian I [accept \"Justinian the Great,\" prompt on \"Justinian\"]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man's finance minister Peter Barsymes broke the Sassanid silk monopoly by establishing the silk industry for this ruler's empire.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Justinian_I", "proto_id": "58b0b80770b91540957184d3", "qanta_id": 98019, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This man's finance minister Peter Barsymes broke the Sassanid silk monopoly by establishing the silk industry for this ruler's empire. This man fought the Lazic Wars with Khosrau I after the failure of his Perpetual Peace, having earlier reconquered Gelimer's Tunisian kingdom in the Vandalic War. A revolt led by the Greens nearly replaced this ruler with the senator Hypatius, but he and his supporters were massacred by this man's generals Mundus and Belisarius in the Hippodrome. For 10 points, name this Byzantine emperor, who suppressed the Nika riots and was blasted by Procopius in the Secret History, the husband of Theodora.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 178 ], [ 179, 297 ], [ 298, 483 ], [ 484, 634 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work's protagonists fight with a number of Yanguesans following an incident with a horse, and earlier witnessed Marcela defending herself from a poem written by the lovesick shepherd Chrysostom.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Don_Quixote", "proto_id": "58b0b80770b91540957184da", "qanta_id": 98026, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This work's protagonists fight with a number of Yanguesans following an incident with a horse, and earlier witnessed Marcela defending herself from a poem written by the lovesick shepherd Chrysostom. One character in this work is led to believe that a wizard named Friston has stolen his library, while another is appointed Governor of Barataria by the Duke. This work's title character is defeated and forced to retire by the Knight of the White Moon, and claims to love the lady Dulcinea. For 10 points, name this novel by Miguel Cervantes featuring characters such as Sancho Panza and a man who famously tilts at windmills.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 358 ], [ 359, 490 ], [ 491, 626 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Ren\u00e9 Magritte", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist painted a cannon in a room with eight panels depicting different scenes in On the Threshold of Liberty.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Magritte", "proto_id": "58b0b80770b91540957184de", "qanta_id": 98030, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist painted a cannon in a room with eight panels depicting different scenes in On the Threshold of Liberty. Another painting by this artist depicts a man listening to a gramophone as three men peer over a balcony behind him, while a dead nude woman lies on the red couch. In addition to painting The Menaced Assassin, this man depicted numerous men with overcoats and bowler hats falling from the sky in Golconda. Another of this man's paintings shows two candlesticks and a clock above a fireplace from which a train emerges. For 10 points, name this Belgian surrealist artist of works such as Time Transfixed.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 279 ], [ 280, 421 ], [ 422, 534 ], [ 535, 619 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Paul-Michel Foucault", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man defined parrhesia in his lecture series Discourse and Truth, which was \"an attempt to consider truth-telling as a specific activity.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michel_Foucault", "proto_id": "58b0b80770b91540957184f0", "qanta_id": 98048, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man defined parrhesia in his lecture series Discourse and Truth, which was \"an attempt to consider truth-telling as a specific activity.\" He began a book subtitled \"An Archaeology of the Human Sciences\" with a discussion of Las Meninas, then proceeded to outline his concept of the \"episteme.\" This author of The History of Sexuality theorized the dehumanizing \"medical gaze\" in his The Birth of the Clinic, and he described the \"unequal gaze\" afforded by Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon. For 10 points, name this French philosopher who analyzed the prison system in Discipline and Punish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 298 ], [ 299, 489 ], [ 490, 590 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Rembrandt van Rijn", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One painting by this artist depicts a woman in a blue dress raising her hands by a riverbank, as a woman rides a bull into the water.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rembrandt", "proto_id": "58b0b80770b91540957184f3", "qanta_id": 98051, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "One painting by this artist depicts a woman in a blue dress raising her hands by a riverbank, as a woman rides a bull into the water. In addition to painting The Abduction of Europa, this artist depicted a man in a large hat placing his hands on a marble sculpture of an ancient blind poet. In another work, this artist of Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer depicted a disembodied hand writing a message on a wall as guests look on in disbelief. In his most famous painting, this artist of Belshazzar's Feast depicted a blue and yellow flag raised above members of a militia company. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist of The Night Watch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 290 ], [ 291, 450 ], [ 451, 588 ], [ 589, 646 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Lysosomes", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "When these organelles cannot receive mannose-marked proteins, inclusion-cell disease occurs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lysosome", "proto_id": "58b0b80870b9154095718506", "qanta_id": 98070, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "When these organelles cannot receive mannose-marked proteins, inclusion-cell disease occurs. The improper metabolism of sphingolipids in these organelles causes Gaucher's disease. Another disease associated with this organelle is caused when hexosaminidase A is not produced at high enough levels, and is called Tay-Sachs disease. These organelles are responsible for a type of programmed cell death called autophagy, and they utilize hydrolases and proteases. For 10 points, name these digestive organelles whose function is to break down cellular waste.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 179 ], [ 180, 330 ], [ 331, 460 ], [ 461, 555 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Republic [accept \"Politeia\"]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, one character considers the \"business of fighting\" as an art and profession, comparing it to the work of a cobbler.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Republic_(Plato)", "proto_id": "58b0b80870b915409571850d", "qanta_id": 98077, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In this work, one character considers the \"business of fighting\" as an art and profession, comparing it to the work of a cobbler. The act of returning weapons to a mad friend refutes Cephalus' definition of justice in this work, which also considers a man's unjust actions as a result of obtaining the ring of a Lydian king. This work argues that the \"Form of the Good\" is the source of being and knowledge, comparing it to the sun's illumination. This work that describes the Ring of Gyges presents a case in which prisoners look at moving shadows on a wall, known as the Allegory of the Cave. For 10 points, name this philosophical work written by Plato.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 324 ], [ 325, 447 ], [ 448, 594 ], [ 595, 656 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Gravity [accept equivalents such as Gravitational Force]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One problem in modern physics is that this phenomenon cannot be renormalized in quantum field theory, and this interaction is carried by a spin-2 gauge boson.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gravity", "proto_id": "58b0b80870b9154095718511", "qanta_id": 98081, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "One problem in modern physics is that this phenomenon cannot be renormalized in quantum field theory, and this interaction is carried by a spin-2 gauge boson. Particles only affected by this force move along geodesics due to its equivalence principle, and a constant associated with this force was measured with a torsion balance in the Cavendish experiment. In general relativity, this force results from the curvature of spacetime, and it is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two bodies. For 10 points, name this force that causes an acceleration of about 9.81 meters per second squared on Earth, first described by Isaac Newton.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 158 ], [ 159, 358 ], [ 359, 516 ], [ 517, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Leonardo da Vinci [accept either underlined part]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this artist, a stag rests in the background behind the title rod-wielding man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leonardo_da_Vinci", "proto_id": "58b0b80870b915409571851e", "qanta_id": 98094, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In one work by this artist, a stag rests in the background behind the title rod-wielding man. Another work by this artist depicts a woman flipping through a book as an angel kneels in front of her. This artist of St. John in the Wilderness and Annunciation also depicted an infant Jesus Christ in a painting named after its jagged setting, and in another work, he depicted three open windows behind the central figure to display the perspective of the title scene. He is most famous for his use of sfumato for a portrait of a woman with an enigmatic smile. For 10 points, name this Renaissance artist of The Virgin of the Rocks, The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 197 ], [ 198, 464 ], [ 465, 556 ], [ 557, 663 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Zoroastrianism", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Members of this religion ritually tie a girdle called a Kusti three times around their waist as a reminder of their purity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Zoroastrianism", "proto_id": "58b0b80870b9154095718520", "qanta_id": 98096, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "Members of this religion ritually tie a girdle called a Kusti three times around their waist as a reminder of their purity. An ancient sect of this religion believed that Zurvan, a deity of time, was the source and creator of the world. Member of this religion bury their dead in open-air towers called dhakmas. This religion's main text is the Avesta, and adherents to this faith believe in Angra Mainyu, the evil and destructive counterpart of the god Ahura Mazda. For 10 points identify this dualistic Persian religion, whose Indian adherents are called Parsis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 236 ], [ 237, 311 ], [ 312, 466 ], [ 467, 564 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": ": Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work compares the failure of society to the idea of \"defectuous procreation,\" which can result from \"supernatural inspiration\" or self-interest.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)", "proto_id": "58b0b80870b915409571852f", "qanta_id": 98111, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This work compares the failure of society to the idea of \"defectuous procreation,\" which can result from \"supernatural inspiration\" or self-interest. This work argues that failure to adhere to true Christian principles and doctrines leads to a \"Kingdom of Darkness,\" and this work examines the relationship between civil law and natural law in a Christian commonwealth. This work's section \"Of Man\" argues the idea that the state of nature consists of total war of \"every man against every man,\" and that life is \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.\" For 10 points, name this work that argues for absolute monarchy, written by Thomas Hobbes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 369 ], [ 370, 557 ], [ 558, 648 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Uncle Tom's Cabin", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In addition to claiming that she \"never was born,\" one character in this novel confesses to stealing Miss Feeley's ribbon, Miss Eva's necklace, and Rosa's earrings, although she claims that the latter two items were \"burnt up.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncle_Tom's_Cabin", "proto_id": "58b0b80870b9154095718530", "qanta_id": 98112, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In addition to claiming that she \"never was born,\" one character in this novel confesses to stealing Miss Feeley's ribbon, Miss Eva's necklace, and Rosa's earrings, although she claims that the latter two items were \"burnt up.\" That character is named Topsy and was presented to Ophelia, who is tasked with educating her. After Eva's death, her father, Augustine St. Clair, promises to free the title character but is unable to before dying. That character is later beaten to death by Quimbo and Sambo at the orders of Simon Legree. For 10 points, name this novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that sparked controversy for its portrayal of slavery.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 226 ], [ 226, 321 ], [ 322, 441 ], [ 442, 532 ], [ 533, 643 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Chicago", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Following one violent event in this city, Frank Gusenberg, while being questioned by police, asserted that \"Nobody shot me\" before dying of his wounds.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chicago", "proto_id": "58b0b80970b9154095718537", "qanta_id": 98119, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Following one violent event in this city, Frank Gusenberg, while being questioned by police, asserted that \"Nobody shot me\" before dying of his wounds. During a series of legal proceedings in this city, Bobby Seale received a four-year prison sentence for contempt of court, while members of the Youth International Party nominated \"Pigasus\" for president. Those events occurred as a result of the 1968 Democratic convention, which was held in this city. An 1871 disaster in this city was apocryphally caused by Mrs. O'Leary's cow. For 10 points, name this city in Illinois, the location of the St. Valentine's Day massacre and a namesake Great Fire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 356 ], [ 357, 454 ], [ 455, 531 ], [ 532, 650 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Edgar Allan Poe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author created one character, Toby Dammit, who is decapitated after agreeing to an ill-advised wager.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edgar_Allan_Poe", "proto_id": "58b0b80970b915409571853a", "qanta_id": 98122, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author created one character, Toby Dammit, who is decapitated after agreeing to an ill-advised wager. Another character by this author loves the dancer Trippetta, and avenges himself upon a number of men who are dressed as orangutans. This author of \"Never Bet the Devil Your Head\" and \"Hop-Frog\" also described a woman who is coveted by \"the winged seraphs of heaven,\" and in one poem he mentions a \"pallid bust of Pallas\" upon which perches a creature that only says the word \"Nevermore.\" For 10 points, name this American author of \"Annabel Lee\" and \"The Raven.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 239 ], [ 240, 495 ], [ 496, 570 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this man's first novel, Varvara buys the works of Pushkin for Pokrovsky's birthday, but he dies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fyodor_Dostoevsky", "proto_id": "58b0b80970b9154095718546", "qanta_id": 98134, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this man's first novel, Varvara buys the works of Pushkin for Pokrovsky's birthday, but he dies. In another of his works, Nastassya chooses her eventual murderer, Rogozhin, over Prince Myshkin, and one of this author's characters comments how Jesus would be arrested for performing miracles. That parable of the Grand Inquisitor appears in his novel about a quarrel over a mother's inheritance between Alyosha, Ivan, and Dmitri. In his most famous novel, Raskolnikov murders Lizaveta and her pawnbroker sister, Ivanovna. For 10 points, name this Russian author of The Idiot, The Brothers Karamazov and Crime and Punishment.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 294 ], [ 295, 431 ], [ 432, 523 ], [ 524, 626 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Hermann Hesse", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This writer created a character who is mentored by the Music Master; in the same book by this man, another character from a matriarchal society is sacrificed following a failure to summon rain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "58b0b80970b915409571855a", "qanta_id": 98154, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This writer created a character who is mentored by the Music Master; in the same book by this man, another character from a matriarchal society is sacrificed following a failure to summon rain. Hermine prevents the protagonist of one of this man's works from committing suicide, and Pablo allows Harry Haller to experience the Magic Theatre. Joseph Knecht becomes \"Magister Ludi\" in one of his works, and Kamala dies from a snakebite in another in which the title character had previously set out to achieve enlightenment along with his friend, Govinda. For 10 points, name this German author of The Glass Bead Game, Steppenwolf, and Siddhartha.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 194, 341 ], [ 342, 553 ], [ 554, 645 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Marcel Duchamp", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist created a work in which a naked woman holds a lantern while lying on branches, as a waterfall flows in the background.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Marcel_Duchamp", "proto_id": "58b0b80970b915409571856d", "qanta_id": 98173, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist created a work in which a naked woman holds a lantern while lying on branches, as a waterfall flows in the background. This artist of \u00c9tant Donn\u00e9s also divided a work with the Bride's Domain at the top, and the Bachelor's Machine below, featuring nine men behind a grinder. His most famous painting was described by one critic as \"an explosion in a shingle factory.\" He added a moustache to the Mona Lisa in another work, an example of this artist's ready-mades, of which the most famous is a urinal signed R. Mutt. For 10 points, name this French artist of The Large Glass, L.H.O.O.Q., Fountain, and Nude Descending a Staircase.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 285 ], [ 286, 378 ], [ 379, 527 ], [ 528, 641 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Cry, the Beloved Country", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A character in this novel with a \"great bull voice\" speaks against wage inequalities in the gold mines, and later arranges for his son to be defended separately in a series of legal proceedings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "58b0b80a70b9154095718573", "qanta_id": 98179, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A character in this novel with a \"great bull voice\" speaks against wage inequalities in the gold mines, and later arranges for his son to be defended separately in a series of legal proceedings. Mr. Carmichael offers to defend another character pro deo in this work, although he fails to win his client's acquittal. Gertrude takes up prostitution and runs away so that she will not have to return to her village; her brother, Stephen Kumalo, had travelled to Johannesburg in order to find her. For 10 points, name this novel by Alan Paton that sees Absalom hanged for the murder of Arthur Jarvis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 194 ], [ 195, 315 ], [ 316, 493 ], [ 494, 596 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Utilitarianism", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "William Paley popularized a theological version of this philosophy, which was based on the earlier works of John Gay.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Utilitarianism", "proto_id": "58b0b80a70b9154095718574", "qanta_id": 98180, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "William Paley popularized a theological version of this philosophy, which was based on the earlier works of John Gay. Henry Sidgwick promoted this philosophy in The Methods of Ethics and The Elements of Politics. One early proponent of this philosophy created the hedonic calculus, which measures pleasure and pain based on variables such as intensity, duration, and extent, while that man's successor in this movement used it to argue for equality of the sexes in The Subjection of Women. For 10 points, name this philosophy pioneered by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, which supports the greatest good for the greatest number of people.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 212 ], [ 213, 489 ], [ 490, 643 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Hydrogen Bonds [accept Hydrogen after \"bonds\" is mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These entities are present in Hoogsten base pairing, and they are strongest when symmetric.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hydrogen_bond", "proto_id": "58b0b80a70b9154095718576", "qanta_id": 98182, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "These entities are present in Hoogsten base pairing, and they are strongest when symmetric. These entities are considered electrostatic attractive forces, and one form of these is present in borane-ammonia complexes. They allow for the bonding of nucleotides in adenine and thymine, in addition to other nucleotides in DNA. These types of bonds occur between a highly electronegative element such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine with a certain element. For 10 points, name these strongest intermolecular forces in covalent molecules which are responsible for surface tension and many of the other properties of water.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 216 ], [ 217, 323 ], [ 324, 453 ], [ 454, 618 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Ming Dynasty", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One leader of this dynasty was captured in the Tumu crisis, while another allowed the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception to be constructed in his country by the Italian missionary Matteo Ricci.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ming_dynasty", "proto_id": "58b0b80a70b9154095718580", "qanta_id": 98192, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One leader of this dynasty was captured in the Tumu crisis, while another allowed the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception to be constructed in his country by the Italian missionary Matteo Ricci. The founder of this dynasty participated in the Red Turban rebellion before declaring himself the Hongwu Emperor; his successor was deposed by a man who became known as the Yongle Emperor, who ordered the naval voyages of Zheng He. This dynasty sponsored major building projects including the reopening of the Grand Canal and the restoration of the Great Wall. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that was succeeded by the Qing.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 197 ], [ 198, 429 ], [ 430, 558 ], [ 559, 631 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Thomas Hardy", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This writer described himself burning a woman's portrait in \"The Photograph,\" and mentioned \"eyes that rove / Over tedious riddles solved years ago\" in the poem \"Neutral Tones.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Hardy", "proto_id": "58b0b80a70b9154095718582", "qanta_id": 98194, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This writer described himself burning a woman's portrait in \"The Photograph,\" and mentioned \"eyes that rove / Over tedious riddles solved years ago\" in the poem \"Neutral Tones.\" This writer also created a character who falls in love with Lucette Le Sueur after selling his wife to a sailor named Newson. Other works by this man include a novel in which Fanny Robin dies after being impregnated by Sergeant Troy, and a work in which Angel promises to take care of Liza-Lu after Alec is stabbed to death. For 10 points, name this author of The Mayor of Casterbridge, Far from the Madding Crowd and Tess of the d'Urbervilles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 176, 303 ], [ 304, 502 ], [ 503, 622 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Quetzalcoatl", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One aspect of this deity had cylindrical temples that reduced air resistance and was worshipped for igniting the sun.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "58b0b80a70b915409571858c", "qanta_id": 98204, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "One aspect of this deity had cylindrical temples that reduced air resistance and was worshipped for igniting the sun. That aspect was the wind god Ehecatl, and the world's largest pyramid, located in Cholula, was dedicated to this god. Another aspect of this god personified the Morning Star, which this god's heart became after he immolated himself from the shame of sleeping with his sister, which he had been tricked into doing by Tezcatlipoca. He created the Fifth Race by grinding bones from Mictlan, and he may have been confused for Cort\u00e9s, which expedited the conquest of Tenochtitlan. For 10 points, name this Aztec feathered serpent deity.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 146 ], [ 147, 235 ], [ 236, 447 ], [ 448, 593 ], [ 594, 649 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Dogs [accept logical equivalents; prompt on Canines]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In Francisco Goya's painting The Parasol, one of these creatures appears sitting on the yellow dress of a woman.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "58b0b80a70b915409571858f", "qanta_id": 98207, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In Francisco Goya's painting The Parasol, one of these creatures appears sitting on the yellow dress of a woman. In Luncheon of the Boating Party, a woman on the left kisses one of these creatures, which also appears in a group on the left side of Pieter Bruegel's Hunters in the Snow. A large one of these creatures sits on the floor in the bottom right corner of Las Meninas, while in Venus of Urbino, a small, spotted one of these animals is seen sleeping on the bed. For 10 points, name these animals, which are seen in a C. M. Coolidge series of paintings playing poker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 285 ], [ 286, 470 ], [ 471, 575 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote of the artist Piskaryov, who unintentionally follows a woman to a brothel, and of Pirogov, who is beaten by a German tinsmith for seducing his wife.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Gogol", "proto_id": "58b0b80a70b91540957185a5", "qanta_id": 98229, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote of the artist Piskaryov, who unintentionally follows a woman to a brothel, and of Pirogov, who is beaten by a German tinsmith for seducing his wife. In another of his works, Poprishchin believes that two dogs are having an affair and that he is heir to the Spanish throne. This author of Nevsky Prospekt and Diary of a Madman also wrote about the traveler Chichikov, who uses a loophole to buy deceased serfs, planning to use their value as collateral for a loan. In his most famous work, a ghost haunts the streets of St. Petersburg after losing the title piece of clothing. For 10 points, name this Russian author of Dead Souls and The Overcoat.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 290 ], [ 291, 481 ], [ 482, 593 ], [ 594, 665 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Insulin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Polycystic ovary syndrome can cause a resistance to this hormone, and the enzyme trypsin was used to determine the structure of this hormone by Frederick Sanger.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Insulin", "proto_id": "58b0b80b70b91540957185b8", "qanta_id": 98248, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Polycystic ovary syndrome can cause a resistance to this hormone, and the enzyme trypsin was used to determine the structure of this hormone by Frederick Sanger. This hormone activates hexokinase and inhibits glucose-six-phosphate in the liver, which increases the phosphorylation of glucose. Increased concentrations of this hormone results in the activation of proteins that transport glucose across cell membranes, and the underproduction of this hormone can lead to high blood pressure. For 10 points, name this hormone produced by the beta cells in the pancreas that is lacking in people with diabetes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 292 ], [ 293, 490 ], [ 491, 607 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Baruch Spinoza [accept Benedict Spinoza]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man rejected sensual pleasure, by which \"the mind is enthralled to the extent of quiescence,\" when debating whether to change \"the conduct and usual plan of [his] life\" in order to write a work in which he defined the grades of knowledge; namely, opinion, reason, and intuition.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baruch_Spinoza", "proto_id": "58b0b80b70b91540957185bc", "qanta_id": 98252, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man rejected sensual pleasure, by which \"the mind is enthralled to the extent of quiescence,\" when debating whether to change \"the conduct and usual plan of [his] life\" in order to write a work in which he defined the grades of knowledge; namely, opinion, reason, and intuition. This philosopher asserted that miracles come from ignorance and that Ezra wrote most of the New Testament, and defended biblical criticism in his Tractatus Theologico-Politicus. This man's \"panentheism\" was defined by the first section of a work whose fourth chapter is entitled \"Of Human Bondage.\" For 10 points, name this rationalist author of Ethics, a Dutch Jew.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 283 ], [ 284, 461 ], [ 462, 581 ], [ 581, 650 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The canonical commutation relation between the variables involved in this relation implies that no state can be an eigenstate of the variables at the same time.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Uncertainty_principle", "proto_id": "58b0b80b70b91540957185be", "qanta_id": 98254, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The canonical commutation relation between the variables involved in this relation implies that no state can be an eigenstate of the variables at the same time. This relation is a special case of the Robertson-Schr\u00f6dinger inequality, and it was introduced through a thought experiment that involved a gamma-ray microscope. One way of representing this principle involves energy and time, and this principle states that electrons can only have definite positions when they are in a state in which their energy is undefined. For 10 points, name this principle which states that the momentum and position of a particle cannot be precisely measured simultaneously.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 322 ], [ 323, 522 ], [ 523, 660 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "John Donne", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote an elegy in which he asks a woman to \"show/The hairy diadem which on you doth grow,\" entitled \"To His Mistress Going to Bed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Donne", "proto_id": "58b0b80b70b91540957185c2", "qanta_id": 98258, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This man wrote an elegy in which he asks a woman to \"show/The hairy diadem which on you doth grow,\" entitled \"To His Mistress Going to Bed.\" In another work, he invites the reader to \"let us melt, and make no noise.\" One of this man's poems describes an entity \"slave to Fate, Chance, kings, and desperate men,\" and he is known for quotations such as \"never send to know for whom the bell tolls\" and \"[n]o man is an island.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning,\" an English metaphysical poet who wrote that \"Death be not proud, though some have called thee\" in one of his Holy Sonnets.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 139, 216 ], [ 217, 424 ], [ 425, 620 ] ], "tournament": "Maggie Walker GSAC", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Albert Camus", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author's characters include a doctor who watches Paneloux [pah-neh-loo] die, Bernard Rieux [ree-oo], and a man who lives next to old Salamano, who beats his dog.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Albert_Camus", "proto_id": "58b0b81170b91540957186f6", "qanta_id": 98565, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author's characters include a doctor who watches Paneloux [pah-neh-loo] die, Bernard Rieux [ree-oo], and a man who lives next to old Salamano, who beats his dog. That character, who shoots a knife-wielding (*) Arab on the beach, is convicted of murder because of his lack of remorse at his mother's death Meursault was created by, for 10 points, what French-Algerian existentialist writer, the author of The Plague and The Stranger?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 309 ], [ 310, 437 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Toni Morrison (accept Chloe Anthony Wofford or Chloe Ardelia Wofford)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of one of this author's novels mistakes Mr. Bodwin for Schoolteacher and is separated from Denver by the spirit of her dead daughter.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Toni_Morrison", "proto_id": "58b0b81170b915409571870c", "qanta_id": 98587, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "The protagonist of one of this author's novels mistakes Mr. Bodwin for Schoolteacher and is separated from Denver by the spirit of her dead daughter. Another novel by this woman sees Pecola driven insane as she idolizes (*) Shirley Temple. Sethe cuts her daughter\u201fs throat to save her from slavery in a work by this author; that daughter returns as the title woman, \"Beloved.\" For 10 points, name this American author of The Bluest Eye.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 239 ], [ 240, 376 ], [ 377, 436 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Denmark", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's Amalienborg Palace is a winter home for its royal family.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Denmark", "proto_id": "58b0b81170b9154095718711", "qanta_id": 98592, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This country's Amalienborg Palace is a winter home for its royal family. Part of this country's capital is on the island of Amager, where the Oresund Bridge connects it to Malmo, though most of the capital, including (*) Tivoli Gardens, lies on the island of Zealand. The Jutland peninsula is home to, for 10 points, what European country north of Germany with capital Copenhagen?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 267 ], [ 268, 380 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Ernest (Miller) Hemingway", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about the smuggler Harry Morgan in To Have and Have Not. \"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ernest_Hemingway", "proto_id": "58b0b81270b9154095718717", "qanta_id": 98598, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author wrote about the smuggler Harry Morgan in To Have and Have Not. \"The American\" pressures Jig into getting an abortion in this man's short story \"Hills Like White Elephants.\" His collection In Our Time includes many short stories about (*) Nick Adams, and a novella by this man sees Santiago struggle with a giant marlin. For 10 points, identify this American author of A Farewell to Arms and The Old Man and the Sea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 76 ], [ 76, 184 ], [ 185, 331 ], [ 332, 427 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A fifth movement to this composer's Serenade No. 13 in G Major does not survive.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "proto_id": "58b0b81370b9154095718727", "qanta_id": 98614, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "A fifth movement to this composer's Serenade No. 13 in G Major does not survive. Near the end of his life, he composed a Clarinet Quintet and a Clarinet Concerto for his friend, Anton Stadler. He did not live to complete the (*) Lacrimosa section of his Requiem Mass, but this child prodigy did finish 41 symphonies, including the Jupiter Symphony. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik [\"eye\"-nuh kl\"eye\"-nuh nahkt moo-zeek] was composed by, for 10 points, what Austrian composer?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 192 ], [ 193, 348 ], [ 349, 466 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Lord of the Flies", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, Merridew objects to being given a \"kid's name.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lord_of_the_Flies", "proto_id": "58b0b81370b915409571872f", "qanta_id": 98622, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In this novel, Merridew objects to being given a \"kid's name.\" A man killed in an unseen air battle is blown out to sea by his parachute after frightening \"Sam'n'eric,\" and Simon is mistaken for a \"beast\" after hallucinating near a sacrificial (*) pig's head in this novel. The conch shell is crushed by a boulder that also kills Piggy when he tries to defend Ralph against Jack in, for 10 points, what novel about a group of stranded boys, written by William Golding?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 273 ], [ 274, 468 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "One Hundred Years of Solitude (accept Cien A\u00f1os de Soledad)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, Pietro Crespi kills himself after failing to marry either Rebeca or her sister, and one character makes golden fish and is the father of seventeen sons who all share his name.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude", "proto_id": "58b0b81370b9154095718738", "qanta_id": 98631, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In this novel, Pietro Crespi kills himself after failing to marry either Rebeca or her sister, and one character makes golden fish and is the father of seventeen sons who all share his name. Ice brought by the gypsy Melquiades [mel-K\"EYE\"-eh-deez] is mistaken for a giant diamond by (*) Jos\u00e9 Arcadia, who, along with \u00darsula and Aureliano, is a part of the Buend\u00eda family. The town of Macondo is founded in, for 10 points, what novel by Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 371 ], [ 372, 459 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Robert Browning", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's poems, the speaker strangles the title character with \"one long yellow string\" of her hair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Browning", "proto_id": "58b0b81370b9154095718747", "qanta_id": 98646, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In one of this man's poems, the speaker strangles the title character with \"one long yellow string\" of her hair. He also wrote a poem about a woman who was not impressed with the speaker's gift of a \"nine-hundred-years-old name.\" This poet of (*) \"Pipa Passes\" and \"Porphyria's Lover\" wrote about Fr\u00e0 Pandolf's painting of a woman who was \"too easily impressed.\" For 10 points, name this British poet of \"My Last Duchess.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 228 ], [ 228, 361 ], [ 361, 422 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Vincent van Gogh", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, a woman in a white hat fills four peasants' coffee cups below a lamp with a single candle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vincent_van_Gogh", "proto_id": "58b0b81370b915409571874d", "qanta_id": 98652, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In one of this man's works, a woman in a white hat fills four peasants' coffee cups below a lamp with a single candle. In another work, this man painted a bed with a yellow footboard and red blanket. In addition to The (*) Potato Eaters and Bedroom in Arles [AHRL], he painted swirling clouds and lights above the village of Saint-Remy [sahn reh-MEE] and two series of sunflower paintings. For 10 points, identify this Dutch artist who painted Starry Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 199 ], [ 200, 389 ], [ 390, 457 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Nighthawks", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this painting, a building with half-drawn window shades and a cash register in the first-floor display window stands across from the central location.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nighthawks", "proto_id": "58b0b81370b9154095718759", "qanta_id": 98664, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In this painting, a building with half-drawn window shades and a cash register in the first-floor display window stands across from the central location. Two silver canisters sit on a wood counter in this work, which features an (*) advertisement for five-cent Phillies. Two men in dark hats and a woman in a red dress sit inside an entryless diner in, for 10 points, what painting by Edward Hopper?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 270 ], [ 271, 399 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Three Musketeers (or Les Trois Mousquetaires)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, the protagonist's horse is stolen by Comte de Rochefort, whom he later duels.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Three_Musketeers", "proto_id": "58b0b81370b915409571875a", "qanta_id": 98665, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this work, the protagonist's horse is stolen by Comte de Rochefort, whom he later duels. In this novel, a diamond necklace given to the Duke of Buckingham is used in an attempt to expose Anne of Austria to (*) Louis XIII [the thirteenth] by Cardinal Richelieu. A fleur-de-lis [floo-r duh lee] brand reveals Milady de Winter's past to d'Artagnan [dahr-tan-yon], who aspires to join the title group. For 10 points, name this novel about Aramis, Athos, and Porthos, a work by Alexandre Dumas.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 263 ], [ 264, 400 ], [ 401, 492 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Prince (or Il Principe)", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work notes that men \"will offer you their blood, property, life and children\" when the sacrifice is not needed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Prince", "proto_id": "58b0b81470b9154095718764", "qanta_id": 98675, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This work notes that men \"will offer you their blood, property, life and children\" when the sacrifice is not needed. This work argues that greed and poverty result when rulers are overly generous to their subjects. This work, dedicated to (*) Lorenzo di Medici, claims it is better for a leader to be feared than to be loved. For 10 points, name this work of political philosophy written as a guide to the title type of ruler by Niccolo Machiavelli.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 214 ], [ 215, 325 ], [ 326, 449 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Beowulf", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The protagonist of this work becomes king following the death of Hygelac's [HIGG-eh-lack's] son and wins a swimming contest with Breca.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Beowulf", "proto_id": "58b0b81470b9154095718765", "qanta_id": 98676, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "The protagonist of this work becomes king following the death of Hygelac's [HIGG-eh-lack's] son and wins a swimming contest with Breca. This poem's title character fights a dragon with Wiglaf and battles a monster's (*) mother at the bottom of the sea. In this epic poem, the title Geat [\"gate\"] defends King Hrothgar's [hROTH-gahr's] mead hall, Heorot [HAY-oh-roht], against a descendent of Cain. For 10 points, name this Old English epic poem about a warrior who slays Grendel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 252 ], [ 253, 397 ], [ 398, 479 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Vishnu", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A scripture about this deity takes the form of a discussion between Maitreya and Parashara, and describes this god rising from the sea inside Brahmanda, an enormous egg.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vishnu", "proto_id": "58b0b81470b915409571877b", "qanta_id": 98698, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "A scripture about this deity takes the form of a discussion between Maitreya and Parashara, and describes this god rising from the sea inside Brahmanda, an enormous egg. An incarnation of this deity appears to Arjun in the (*) Bhagavad Gita. Rama and Krishna are two of the ten avatars of this god, who often appears blue and with four arms. For 10 points, name this Hindu preserver god, who forms the Trimurti with Brahma and Shiva.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 169 ], [ 170, 241 ], [ 242, 341 ], [ 342, 433 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Richard Wagner", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer began one work with the playing of Woglinde, Wellgunde, and Flosshilde, three water maidens; in that work, Mime [MEEM] is forced to create Tarnhelm, a helmet that makes Alberich invisible.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Wagner", "proto_id": "58b0b81470b9154095718781", "qanta_id": 98704, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "This composer began one work with the playing of Woglinde, Wellgunde, and Flosshilde, three water maidens; in that work, Mime [MEEM] is forced to create Tarnhelm, a helmet that makes Alberich invisible. Another of his works ends with (*) Br\u00fcnnhilde riding into a funeral pyre that burns Valhalla. Das Rheingold and G\u00f6tterd\u00e4mmerung are by, for 10 points, what German composer of the Ring of the Nibelung cycle of operas?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 202 ], [ 203, 296 ], [ 297, 419 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "The Importance of Being Earnest", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, two characters argue over muffins, and one man hypocritically eats cucumber sandwiches made for his Aunt Augusta.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest", "proto_id": "58b0b81470b9154095718789", "qanta_id": 98712, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this work, two characters argue over muffins, and one man hypocritically eats cucumber sandwiches made for his Aunt Augusta. In this play, Cecily falls in love with a man she's never met and a cigarette case exposes a (*) \"Bunburyist.\" Lady Bracknell reveals that, because of Miss Prism's mistake, Jack is a Moncrieff and may marry Gwendolyn Fairfax. For 10 points, name this play about Jack Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, written by Oscar Wilde.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 238 ], [ 239, 353 ], [ 354, 451 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This work notes that the \"natural progress of opulence\" occurs at different rates in different countries.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Wealth_of_Nations", "proto_id": "58b0b81470b915409571879f", "qanta_id": 98734, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This work notes that the \"natural progress of opulence\" occurs at different rates in different countries. It notes that workers are naturally inspired to work for the domestic industry that allows them to produce the most for society; as a result, this work argues that (*) protectionist tariffs are unnecessary, angering mercantilists. An \"invisible hand\" guiding market behavior is described in, for 10 points, what 1776 economic work written by Adam Smith?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 336 ], [ 337, 459 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "gravity (or gravitation)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The result of the Cavendish experiment was used to calculate a constant of proportionality for this force.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gravity", "proto_id": "58b0b81570b91540957187a2", "qanta_id": 98737, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The result of the Cavendish experiment was used to calculate a constant of proportionality for this force. It is explained in terms of space-time curvature by general relativity. This weakest of the four fundamental forces is always (*) attractive, with a value proportional to the product of the masses of two objects. Weight is the amount of this force acting on a given object. For 10 points, name this force whose acceleration on earth is 9.8 meters per second squared, downward.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 178 ], [ 179, 319 ], [ 320, 380 ], [ 381, 483 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Michelangelo Buonarroti", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "He restored most of Bramante's plan for St. Peter's Basilica as its major architect, and one of his works contains a supposed self-portrait of him in St. Bartholomew's flayed skin.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michelangelo", "proto_id": "58b0b81570b91540957187b3", "qanta_id": 98753, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "He restored most of Bramante's plan for St. Peter's Basilica as its major architect, and one of his works contains a supposed self-portrait of him in St. Bartholomew's flayed skin. He carved his name into Mary's sash in his (*) Piet\u00e0 [pee-ay-tah], and this artist of The Last Judgement sculpted a young, relaxed marble David. For 10 points, name this artist who painted The Creation of Adam on the Sistine Chapel ceiling.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 227 ], [ 228, 325 ], [ 326, 421 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe [GEUH-tuh, but be lenient with pronunciation]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author of 24 Roman Elegies wrote novels based on the \"apprenticeship\" and \"journeyman years\" of Wilhelm Meister.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe", "proto_id": "58b0b81570b91540957187b5", "qanta_id": 98755, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author of 24 Roman Elegies wrote novels based on the \"apprenticeship\" and \"journeyman years\" of Wilhelm Meister. He created a character who loves Charlotte but kills himself after he discovers she is engaged. In this man's most famous work, a (*) black poodle transforms into Mephistopheles, who offers the title scholar everything in return for his soul. For 10 points, name this German author of The Sorrows of Young Werther and a two-part Faust.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 213 ], [ 214, 360 ], [ 361, 453 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Rembrandt (Harmenszoon) van Rijn (accept either underlined portion)", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A man wearing a gold chain places his hand on a statue in this artist's Aristotle with a Bust of Homer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rembrandt", "proto_id": "58b0b81570b91540957187bd", "qanta_id": 98763, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "A man wearing a gold chain places his hand on a statue in this artist's Aristotle with a Bust of Homer. He showed seven doctors watching a demonstration of how a cadaver's arm muscles work in The Anatomy Lesson of (*)Doctor Nicolaes Tulp. A girl with a chicken hanging from her belt appears in this artist's portrait of Captain Frans Banning Cocq's shooting company. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist who painted the Night Watch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 217 ], [ 217, 238 ], [ 239, 366 ], [ 367, 433 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Edward Albee", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's works, Peter gets in a \"fight\" with Jerry, who stabs himself while sitting on a Central Park bench.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Albee", "proto_id": "58b0b81570b91540957187ce", "qanta_id": 98780, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one of this man's works, Peter gets in a \"fight\" with Jerry, who stabs himself while sitting on a Central Park bench. This author of The Sandbox and Zoo Story wrote a play in which a host suggests the games \"Get the Guest\" and (*) \"Hump the Hostess\" at an absurd dinner party attended by Nick and Honey. For 10 points, name this playwright, who wrote about the bickering couple, George and Martha, in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 306 ], [ 307, 435 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "Fibonacci sequence (accept Fibonacci number(s); accept Fibonacci series)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Carmichael's Theorem states that, after the 13th of these numbers, each of these numbers has a prime divisor that does not divide any smaller one of these numbers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fibonacci_number", "proto_id": "58b0b81570b91540957187d2", "qanta_id": 98784, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "Carmichael's Theorem states that, after the 13th of these numbers, each of these numbers has a prime divisor that does not divide any smaller one of these numbers. That 13th of these numbers, 144, is one of only three perfect squares in this sequence, the ratio of whose consecutive terms approaches the (*) golden ratio. Its terms are defined recursively as the sum of the two previous terms. An Italian mathematician names, for 10 points, what sequence that begins 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 321 ], [ 322, 393 ], [ 394, 487 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2013 }, { "answer": "reflection [accept more specific answers, like diffuse reflection or total internal reflection]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Oren-Nayar model of this phenomenon improves on another model which predicts that luminance is angle-independent; that latter model by Lambert attempts to describe this phenomenon's diffuse form.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Reflection_(physics)", "proto_id": "58b0b81770b91540957187ed", "qanta_id": 98811, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The Oren-Nayar model of this phenomenon improves on another model which predicts that luminance is angle-independent; that latter model by Lambert attempts to describe this phenomenon's diffuse form. The transmission coefficient gives the fraction of particles undergoing tunneling instead of undergoing this process. Signals propagate through a fiber optic cable using a type of this phenomenon. When the angle of light striking a boundary is greater than the critical angle, the total internal type of it occurs. For 10 points, identify this phenomenon whose namesake law says that the angle of incidence equals the angle of it, commonly exhibited by mirrors.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 317 ], [ 318, 396 ], [ 397, 514 ], [ 515, 661 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Japan [or Nippon; or Nihon]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a painting inspired by the art of this country, a woman in a black dress with a red sash tied around her waist stands on a blue rug.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Japan", "proto_id": "58b0b81770b9154095718809", "qanta_id": 98839, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In a painting inspired by the art of this country, a woman in a black dress with a red sash tied around her waist stands on a blue rug. That painting inspired by this country's art hangs in the Freer Gallery, and is partially titled Rose and Silver. The style of Whistler's Peacock Room was inspired by art from this country. In this country, many paintings of beautiful women, called bijin-ga, were created by Utamaro. Fifty-three stations along this country's Tokaido road were painted by Hiroshige. For 10 points, name this country home to creators of ukiyo-e woodblock prints like Hokusai, whose The Great Wave off Kanagawa is part of his Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 249 ], [ 250, 325 ], [ 326, 419 ], [ 420, 501 ], [ 502, 593 ], [ 594, 674 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "special relativity [or SR; prompt on \"relativity\"; do not accept \"general relativity\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Part of this theory was upheld by the Frisch-Smith and Rossi-Hall experiments, which measured muon lifetimes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Special_relativity", "proto_id": "58b0b81770b9154095718811", "qanta_id": 98847, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Part of this theory was upheld by the Frisch-Smith and Rossi-Hall experiments, which measured muon lifetimes. Because it predicts that one type of transformation is non-commutative, the Thomas correction must be added to a particle's precession. This theory allows for an additive alternative to speed called rapidity. Considering a rigid rotating disc using only this theory leads to the Ehrenfest paradox. Gravitational and inertial mass are the same according to its equivalence principle. This theory's \"pole in the barn\" thought experiment can be explained with Lorentz transforms and length contraction. For 10 points, name this theory, developed by Albert Einstein before its \"general\" counterpart.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 245 ], [ 246, 318 ], [ 319, 407 ], [ 408, 492 ], [ 493, 609 ], [ 610, 705 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "mass", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "For main-sequence stars, this quantity raised to the 3.5th power gives an approximation for the luminosity.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mass", "proto_id": "58b0b81770b9154095718818", "qanta_id": 98854, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "For main-sequence stars, this quantity raised to the 3.5th power gives an approximation for the luminosity. The Schwarzschild metric describes spacetime around a spherical body with only this quantity, and the no-hair theorem states that black holes can be characterized by angular momentum, charge, and this quantity. Gravitational anomalies led Fritz Zwicky to postulate dark matter and account for \"missing\" values of it. The standard unit of this quantity in astronomy is the \"solar\" one, whose value can be used to find the strength of the sun's gravitational field. For 10 points, give this quantity, which equals a star's density times its volume, and is often measured in kilograms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 318 ], [ 319, 424 ], [ 425, 571 ], [ 572, 690 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Maurice Ravel [or Joseph-Maurice Ravel]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The last movement of one of this composer's piano works begins with a measure of quickly repeated Es.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurice_Ravel", "proto_id": "58b0b81770b915409571881d", "qanta_id": 98859, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "The last movement of one of this composer's piano works begins with a measure of quickly repeated Es. That work by this composer includes a \"Forlane\" and a \"Rigaudon\" as well as that \"Toccata.\" The last movement of his Sonatine is also in the style of a toccata. This composer wrote some of the most difficult piano pieces in the repertoire, including \"Alborada del gracioso\" from his Miroirs and \"Scarbo\" from his Gaspard de la Nuit. In one of his orchestral works, a melody first played by the flute just repeats over a constant snare drum rhythm. For 10 points, name this French composer of Le Tombeau de Couperin, Pavane for a Dead Princess, La Valse, and Bol\u00e9ro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 193 ], [ 194, 262 ], [ 263, 434 ], [ 435, 549 ], [ 550, 667 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "George Santayana [or Jorge Agust\u00edn Nicol\u00e1s Ruiz de Santayana y Borr\u00e1s]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man delivered a lecture describing a \"crude but vital\" popular mentality that \"inhabits the skyscraper\u0085\" as opposed to one that inhabits \"colonial mansions.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Santayana", "proto_id": "58b0b81770b9154095718827", "qanta_id": 98869, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man delivered a lecture describing a \"crude but vital\" popular mentality that \"inhabits the skyscraper\u0085\" as opposed to one that inhabits \"colonial mansions.\" He wrote a book that described essence, matter, truth, and spirit as four constituents of a group of foundations for experience. This writer of \"The Genteel Tradition in American Philosophy\" argued that philosophy should rely on instinct instead of rational thought, and that it begins in medias res. This author wrote The Realms of Being and Scepticism and Animal Faith. For 10 points, name this Spanish-American philosopher who said that \"those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 291 ], [ 292, 463 ], [ 464, 534 ], [ 535, 667 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Rigoletto", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this opera, the title character compares himself to another character in the aria \"Pari siamo,\" saying\" my weapon is my tongue, his is his dagger.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rigoletto", "proto_id": "58b0b81870b9154095718837", "qanta_id": 98885, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In this opera, the title character compares himself to another character in the aria \"Pari siamo,\" saying\" my weapon is my tongue, his is his dagger.\" It opens with a character explaining that \"this woman or that woman\" is the same to him in the aria \"Questa o quella.\" The title character of this opera is blindfolded and made to believe he is helping kidnap Countess Ceprano; that title character is really being used to kidnap his own daughter, which he realizes at the end in \"La maledizione!\" In its final act, the title character's daughter Gilda is killed by Sparafucile, and the Duke of Mantua sings \"La donna \u00e8 mobile.\" For 10 points, name this Giuseppe Verdi opera about a hunchbacked jester.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 149, 269 ], [ 270, 497 ], [ 498, 628 ], [ 629, 702 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "temperature [prompt on T]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This quantity can be greatly reduced by firing lasers at substances whose atoms absorb photons then reemit them at a higher energy.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Temperature", "proto_id": "58b0b81870b9154095718850", "qanta_id": 98910, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This quantity can be greatly reduced by firing lasers at substances whose atoms absorb photons then reemit them at a higher energy.When other quantities are held constant, this quantity is the partial derivative of internal energy with respect to entropy. The energy of an ideal gas is equal to 3/2 times this quantity times the number of moles times R. This quantity can be well-defined thanks to the zeroth law of thermodynamics. The Carnot Cycle requires two reservoirs with different values of this quantity. For an ideal gas, this quantity equals PV divided by nR. For 10 points, identify this thermodynamic quantity often measured in Kelvins or degrees Celsius.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 131, 255 ], [ 256, 350 ], [ 351, 353 ], [ 354, 431 ], [ 432, 512 ], [ 513, 667 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "cello [or violoncello]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Schoenberg's difficult D-Major concerto for this instrument is an arrangement of a harpsichord concerto by Georg Matthias Monn.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cello", "proto_id": "58b0b81870b9154095718853", "qanta_id": 98913, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "Schoenberg's difficult D-Major concerto for this instrument is an arrangement of a harpsichord concerto by Georg Matthias Monn. In modern performances this is the most typical melody instrument in a continuo group. This instrument \"replaced\" the gamba. The last work in a set of six for this instrument is in D Major and was written for a five-stringed version of it. Beethoven's five sonatas for it and piano were recorded by Daniel Barenboim and his wife Jacqueline du Pr\u00e9. A set of six works for this instrument alone begins with a G-Major Pr\u00e9lude and was played by Mstislav Rostropovich and Pablo Casals. For 10 points, name this low string instrument for which Bach wrote six suites, which is played by Yo-Yo Ma.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 214 ], [ 215, 252 ], [ 253, 367 ], [ 368, 475 ], [ 476, 608 ], [ 609, 717 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Siddhartha", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "At one point in this novel, a character offers to write poetry in exchange for his first kiss.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gautama_Buddha", "proto_id": "58b0b81870b9154095718862", "qanta_id": 98928, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "At one point in this novel, a character offers to write poetry in exchange for his first kiss. That character gambles on dice in attempt to renounce his riches, and discovers he has a son just as his former lover is about to die from snake venom. This novel's protagonist becomes a merchant under Kamaswami, but later leaves to learn from the ferryman Vasudeva. When she is threatened by this novel's protagonist, Kamala explains that her love only has value if given willingly. This novel's protagonist leaves his friend Govinda, who becomes a follower of the Buddha. For 10 points, name this novel about the title Brahmin's journey of enlightenment, written by Hermann Hesse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 246 ], [ 247, 361 ], [ 362, 478 ], [ 479, 568 ], [ 569, 677 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Doppler effect/shift", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Collisions reduce the magnitude of one result caused by this phenomenon in the Dicke Effect.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "58b0b81970b915409571886d", "qanta_id": 98939, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Collisions reduce the magnitude of one result caused by this phenomenon in the Dicke Effect. Observations of small changes in this phenomenon are likely evidence of the existence of an exoplanet. A star's temperature can be estimated thanks to this effect's widening of spectral lines. For light, this phenomenon causes a fractional change equal to the difference in two velocities divided by c. Depending on which direction a star is moving, this effect can cause either redshift or blueshift. For 10 points, identify this phenomenon in which an observer's motion relative to the source of a wave causes shifts in its perceived frequency, which is used in a certain type of weather radar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 195 ], [ 196, 285 ], [ 286, 494 ], [ 495, 689 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Umberto Eco", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a novel in which a \"powder of sympathy\" is used to make a wounded dog yelp, solving the problem of telling longitude at sea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Umberto_Eco", "proto_id": "58b0b81970b915409571888f", "qanta_id": 98973, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote a novel in which a \"powder of sympathy\" is used to make a wounded dog yelp, solving the problem of telling longitude at sea. This author wrote a novel in which the lost Second Book of Aristotle's Poetics is destroyed, and the protagonist discovers a body in a jar of pig's blood. In another novel by him, Diotallevi, Jacopo Belbo, and Casaubon concoct a conspiracy that links \"telluric currents\" to the Knights Templar. This author of The Island of the Day Before wrote a novel in which the schemes of the blind monk Jorge are foiled by William of Baskerville. For 10 points, name this Italian author of Foucault's Pendulum and The Name of the Rose.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 297 ], [ 298, 437 ], [ 438, 474 ], [ 475, 578 ], [ 579, 667 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "[David] \u00c9mile Durkheim", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker defined a concept consisting of \"manners of acting, thinking, and feeling external to the individual\" as the primary focus of his area of study, and emphasized that that concept should be thought of as a \"thing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Durkheim", "proto_id": "58b0b81970b9154095718895", "qanta_id": 98979, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This thinker defined a concept consisting of \"manners of acting, thinking, and feeling external to the individual\" as the primary focus of his area of study, and emphasized that that concept should be thought of as a \"thing.\" This man argued that a shift from mechanical to organic solidarity was caused by industrial society's use of the division of labor. This man wrote a book outlining altruistic, egoistic, anomic, and fatalistic forms of a phenomenon he found to be more common among Protestants than among Catholics. This thinker argued for applying the scientific method to social facts in his The Rules of Sociological Method. For 10 points, name this French sociologist who wrote Suicide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 224 ], [ 224, 225 ], [ 226, 357 ], [ 358, 523 ], [ 524, 635 ], [ 636, 698 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "distillation [accept \"fractional distillation\" or \"vacuum distillation\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An equation that labels some components of this process as \"light key\" or \"heavy key\" can be used to find the number of theoretical plates or equilibrium trays used in this process.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Distillation", "proto_id": "58b0b81a70b91540957188b0", "qanta_id": 99004, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "An equation that labels some components of this process as \"light key\" or \"heavy key\" can be used to find the number of theoretical plates or equilibrium trays used in this process. A setup for this process can include a Claisen adapter if an additional outlet or access hole is necessary. A substance travels a relatively short path between rotating bulbs in a kugelrohr, which is used for the \"vacuum\" type of this process. When the components' boiling points are less than 25 degrees Celsius apart, one should use the \"fractional\" type of this process. For 10 points, name this process which is used to separate mixtures based on the differential volatilities of their components.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 289 ], [ 290, 425 ], [ 426, 555 ], [ 556, 683 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "potential energy [prompt on just \"energy\"; do not accept other types of energy]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Two times this quantity plus four times a related quantity give the second time-derivative of moment of inertia in a gravitational field.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Potential_energy", "proto_id": "58b0b81a70b91540957188d1", "qanta_id": 99037, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Two times this quantity plus four times a related quantity give the second time-derivative of moment of inertia in a gravitational field. For a given inverse-square force, this quantity's average value times onehalf equals that related quantity, according to the virial theorem. When a force is inverse-square, this quantity's value is inversely proportional to the first power of distance. This quantity is denoted by V and subtracted in the Lagrangian. This quantity for a spring can be found by integrating Hooke's Law and is equal to \"one-half k x-squared.\" For a mass in a constant gravitational field, this quantity equals \"m-gh\". For 10 points, identify this energy stored in a system, contrasted with kinetic energy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 137 ], [ 138, 278 ], [ 279, 390 ], [ 391, 454 ], [ 455, 560 ], [ 560, 636 ], [ 637, 724 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Louis XIV [prompt on the \"Sun King\" before mentioned]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This ruler passed a decree that expelled Jews from his overseas territories and was called the \"Black Code\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Louis_XIV_of_France", "proto_id": "58b0b81a70b91540957188d6", "qanta_id": 99042, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This ruler passed a decree that expelled Jews from his overseas territories and was called the \"Black Code\". Projects undertaken during this man's reign include the Midi Canal and the Royal Mirror-Glass Factory. This king won land in the Treaty of Nijmegen and in the War of Devolution, but was forced to return much of it after the Treaty of Ryswick was forced on him by the League of Augsburg. This king's advisors included Cardinal Mazarin and finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, and he is also known for saying \"l'etat, c'est moi.\" For 10 points, name this French monarch who built the Palace of Versailles and is called The Sun King.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 211 ], [ 212, 395 ], [ 396, 539 ], [ 540, 642 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "photons", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In order for both energy and momentum to be conserved, a nucleus is usually involved when these particles decay into an electron and positron.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Photon", "proto_id": "58b0b81a70b91540957188db", "qanta_id": 99047, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "In order for both energy and momentum to be conserved, a nucleus is usually involved when these particles decay into an electron and positron. Einstein's coefficients determine when these particles are emitted in systems which usually have undergone population inversion. The energy of these particles is sometimes sufficient to exceed a material's work function, and is proportional to their momentum. These particles were proven to diffract in Young's double-slit experiment, and their existence explains the photoelectric effect. For 10 points, identify these massless particles which move at the speed of light.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 271 ], [ 272, 402 ], [ 403, 532 ], [ 533, 615 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The Three Musketeers [or Les Trois Mousquetaires]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel teaches hand signals to Grimaud, and is later trapped in cellar with him, where he consumes all of its food and wine.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Three_Musketeers", "proto_id": "58b0b81b70b91540957188f4", "qanta_id": 99072, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One character in this novel teaches hand signals to Grimaud, and is later trapped in cellar with him, where he consumes all of its food and wine. One character in this novel escapes to Lille to exact revenge on the protagonist by poisoning his love interest. That female character in this novel persuades John Felton to free her and assassinate the Duke of Buckingham. At the end of this novel, the protagonist, who is a hot-blooded Gascon, is promoted when he reveals that he has killed his nemesis Milady de Winter. In this novel, the motto \"one for all, and all for one\" is proposed by d'Artagnan. For 10 points, name this novel by Alexandre Dumas whose title characters are Athos, Porthos, and Aramis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 258 ], [ 259, 368 ], [ 369, 517 ], [ 518, 600 ], [ 601, 705 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Rembrandt [Harmenszoon] van Rijn [or Rembrandt van Rijn]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This artist painted himself as the drunken Prodigal Son alongside his wife Saskia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Rembrandt", "proto_id": "58b0b81b70b91540957188f7", "qanta_id": 99075, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist painted himself as the drunken Prodigal Son alongside his wife Saskia. On the right side of one of his works, a woman in red accidentally pours wine onto the ground, while the title king knocks over a wineglass and looks to the right. He depicted Christ healing the sick in the Hundred Guilder Print. This artist included orientalist elements like turbans in works like Belshazzar's Feast. His group portraits include one of the syndics of the draper's guild, which hangs in the Rijksmuseum [\"rikes-museum\"]. A huge painting by this artist depicts a woman in yellow carrying a chicken and eighteen militiamen in the company of Franz Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist of The Night Watch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 246 ], [ 247, 312 ], [ 313, 401 ], [ 402, 520 ], [ 521, 658 ], [ 659, 716 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Bertrand Arthur William Russell", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker's essay \"On the Nature of Acquaintance\" cites William James' proposal that substances are not intrinsically physical or mental, but differ only in their context.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertrand_Russell", "proto_id": "58b0b81b70b9154095718906", "qanta_id": 99090, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This thinker's essay \"On the Nature of Acquaintance\" cites William James' proposal that substances are not intrinsically physical or mental, but differ only in their context. This champion of neutral monism was criticized in a paper by P.F. Strawson that posits sentences like \"the table is covered with books.\" He criticized Meinong's theory of objects and Frege's idea of sense and reference in his essay \"On Denoting.\" Godel's incompleteness theorem dealt a blow to this man's attempt to formulate axioms from which all mathematical truths could be derived. For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica with Alfred Whitehead.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 174 ], [ 175, 311 ], [ 312, 421 ], [ 422, 560 ], [ 561, 652 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The Magic Flute [or Die Zauberfl\u00f6te]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This opera includes an aria with several Fs so high that they are often nicknamed for that aria.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Magic_Flute", "proto_id": "58b0b81b70b9154095718908", "qanta_id": 99092, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "This opera includes an aria with several Fs so high that they are often nicknamed for that aria. The finale of this opera includes a chorale prelude on \"Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein.\" At the beginning of this opera, three women save its protagonist from a serpent. This opera includes a lengthy solo for glockenspiel or celesta in an aria in which a bird catcher wishes for a \"maiden or a little wife.\" Pamina is instructed to kill Sarastro in this opera's aria \"Der H\u00f6lle Rache\" [\"dehr HUHR-luh RAH-khuh\"]. That aria is one of two sung by the Queen of the Night in this opera. For 10 points, name this Mozart opera in which Tamino and Papageno are saved from fire and water by the title instrument.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 187 ], [ 188, 268 ], [ 269, 405 ], [ 405, 511 ], [ 512, 581 ], [ 582, 703 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Madame Butterfly [or Madama Butterfly", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This opera's second act ends with the offstage \"Humming Chorus,\" which includes a viola d'amore part and leads directly into the third act.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madama_Butterfly", "proto_id": "58b0b81b70b915409571891d", "qanta_id": 99113, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "This opera's second act ends with the offstage \"Humming Chorus,\" which includes a viola d'amore part and leads directly into the third act. Its first act concludes with a long duet that begins \"Bimba, Bimba, non piangere\" [\"pee-AHN-jay-ray\"]. This opera's title character resolves to commit suicide after reading an inscription on a knife that declares \"Who cannot live with honor must die with honor\". Earlier, that character sings the aria \"Un bel di\" to her maid Suzuki. At the end of this opera, the title character is devastated to find her husband has a new wife named Kate. For 10 points, identify this opera about CioCio San, the wife that Lieutenant Pinkerton abandons in Japan, a work of Giacomo Puccini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 242 ], [ 243, 402 ], [ 403, 473 ], [ 474, 580 ], [ 581, 714 ] ], "tournament": "ACF Fall", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Henrik Johan Ibsen", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's plays, a young girl commits suicide in an attic where the title creature lives.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Henrik_Ibsen", "proto_id": "58b0b81c70b915409571892c", "qanta_id": 99128, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one of this author's plays, a young girl commits suicide in an attic where the title creature lives. In another of his plays, Oswald is driven insane by the syphilis he inherited from his father and falls in love with his half-sister Regina. In addition to describing the Ekdal and Alving families in The Wild Duck and Ghosts, this author wrote of a town shunning Doctor Stockmann after he discovers tainted water in their baths. In another play by this author, Krogstad blackmails another character about a borrowed loan, leading Nora to abandon Torvald Helmer. For 10 points, name this Norwegian playwright of An Enemy of the People and A Doll's House.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 244 ], [ 245, 432 ], [ 433, 565 ], [ 566, 657 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Candide, ou l'Optimisme [or Candide: or, All for the Best; or Candide: or, The Optimist; or Candide: or, Optimism]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, human excrement is dumped over the title character's head after he refuses to acknowledge that the Pope is the Antichrist.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Candide", "proto_id": "58b0b81c70b9154095718936", "qanta_id": 99138, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this work, human excrement is dumped over the title character's head after he refuses to acknowledge that the Pope is the Antichrist. After leaving El Dorado with his valet Cacambo, the protagonist meets a man who is unhappy with his collection of Raphael paintings, Count Pococurante. After Jacques drowns in Lisbon harbor in this novella, another character is hanged by the Inquisition. The title character is expelled from the castle of Baron Thunder-tenTronckh after he kisses Cunegonde, and his mentor asserts that they live in the \"best of all possible worlds.\" For 10 points, name this satire whose title character is accompanied by the optimist Pangloss, written by Voltaire.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 288 ], [ 289, 391 ], [ 392, 569 ], [ 569, 686 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "George Washington", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "At one battle, this man constructed redoubts overlooking Brenton's Ford but came under artillery fire from Wilhelm von Knyphausen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Washington", "proto_id": "58b0b81d70b9154095718948", "qanta_id": 99156, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "At one battle, this man constructed redoubts overlooking Brenton's Ford but came under artillery fire from Wilhelm von Knyphausen. At another battle, Adam Stephen's drunkenness caused this man's forces to fire upon each other accidentally. This loser at the battles of Brandywine Creek and Germantown ordered the fortification of Dorchester Heights with artillery brought from Fort Ticonderoga by Henry Knox. He routed Johann Rall and his Hessian mercenaries at Trenton and Princeton after crossing the Delaware River. For 10 points, name this commander of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, the first president of the United States.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 130 ], [ 131, 239 ], [ 240, 408 ], [ 409, 518 ], [ 519, 649 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Gunter Wilhelm Grass", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In a prose poem, this author described his fears of a nuclear attack that would be instigated if his country delivered a Dolphin Class submarine to Israel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "G\u00fcnter_Grass", "proto_id": "58b0b81d70b9154095718950", "qanta_id": 99164, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In a prose poem, this author described his fears of a nuclear attack that would be instigated if his country delivered a Dolphin Class submarine to Israel. Simon Dach hosts an intellectual gathering in this author's novel The Meeting at Telgte. The Wilhelm Gustloff sinks at the beginning of another of his novels, which is narrated by Paul Pokriefke. This author of Crabwalk wrote a novel in which the title object is gifted to the protagonist on his third birthday. That novel is followed by Cat and Mouse and Dog Years in this author's Danzig Trilogy. For ten points, name this German author who chronicled the life of Oskar Matzerath in The Tin Drum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 244 ], [ 245, 351 ], [ 352, 467 ], [ 468, 554 ], [ 555, 654 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "neutrons", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "These particles are captured in the s-process of asymptotic giant branch stars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Neutron", "proto_id": "58b0b81d70b9154095718966", "qanta_id": 99186, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "These particles are captured in the s-process of asymptotic giant branch stars. The namesake activation analysis of these particles determines the identity and quantity of elements in a sample. The beta decay of these spin one-half baryons results in the emission of a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino. Nuclear power plants use these particles to bombard uranium-235 and induce a chain reaction. These particles consist of an up quark and two down quarks, and they were discovered by James Chadwick. The number of these particles in an atom determines its isotope. For 10 points, name these chargeless particles that are found together with protons in the nucleus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 193 ], [ 194, 310 ], [ 311, 403 ], [ 404, 507 ], [ 508, 572 ], [ 573, 672 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "City and County of San Francisco", "category": "Geography", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Twin Peaks and Sunset Tunnels are two major transit arteries in this city, and the Civil War-era Fort Point lies in the north of this city.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "San_Francisco", "proto_id": "58b0b81d70b915409571896a", "qanta_id": 99190, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "The Twin Peaks and Sunset Tunnels are two major transit arteries in this city, and the Civil War-era Fort Point lies in the north of this city. The Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard is located in the southeast of this city. The Farallon Islands, though lying thirty miles to the west of this city, are still officially part of it. Coit Tower is located on Telegraph Hill in this city, and Portsmouth Square is at the center of this city's Chinatown. Ghirardelli Square and Pier 39 are located on this city's Fisherman's Wharf. The only mobile National Historic Landmark in the United States is this city's cable car system. For 10 points, name this California city that is the location of the Golden Gate Bridge", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 219 ], [ 220, 326 ], [ 327, 445 ], [ 446, 522 ], [ 523, 619 ], [ 620, 707 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Henry Graham Greene", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, the protagonist meets his Aunt Augusta for the first time in fifty years and then learns of Woodsworth, her lover from Sierra Leone.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Graham_Greene", "proto_id": "58b0b81d70b915409571896f", "qanta_id": 99195, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In one work by this author, the protagonist meets his Aunt Augusta for the first time in fifty years and then learns of Woodsworth, her lover from Sierra Leone. In another work, this man wrote of Beatrice Severn, the secretary of the main character who was a retailer of vacuum cleaners before becoming a secret agent. A novel by him centers on the affair between Sarah Miles and Maurice Bendrix, and another focuses on the journalist Thomas Fowler. Another work by this author of Our Man in Havana describes the travels of a whiskey priest in Mexico. For ten points, name this British author of The Power and the Glory, The End of the Affair, and The Quiet American.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 160 ], [ 161, 318 ], [ 319, 449 ], [ 450, 551 ], [ 552, 620 ], [ 621, 667 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The first movement of this man's fifth symphony concludes with the celesta playing chromatic scales.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dmitri_Shostakovich", "proto_id": "58b0b81d70b9154095718974", "qanta_id": 99199, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "The first movement of this man's fifth symphony concludes with the celesta playing chromatic scales. That symphony, subtitled \"An Artist's Creative Response to Just Criticism,\" was composed after an opera by this composer was criticized in a Pravda article. This composer of Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District set five Yevgeny Yevtushenko poems in a work commemorating the massacre of Ukrainian Jews. Another of this composer's symphonies mourns the deaths of Soviet citizens during a German offensive and includes the \"Invasion\" theme. For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of the Babi Yar and Leningrad symphonies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 257 ], [ 258, 402 ], [ 403, 538 ], [ 539, 621 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Rameses II [accept Ramses the Great; accept Ozymandias]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man took the throne name Usermaatre Setepenre, meaning \"the mighty truth, the chosen.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ramesses_II", "proto_id": "58b0b81d70b9154095718975", "qanta_id": 99200, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This man took the throne name Usermaatre Setepenre, meaning \"the mighty truth, the chosen.\" This man moved his capital near the site of Avaris and completed the hypostyle of the Temple of Karnak, construction of which had begun under this man's father, Seti I. This man constructed statues of two of his wives at knee-height to a colossal statue of himself beside a small funerary temple dedicated to his favorite wife, Nefertari. He also signed a treaty with Hattusili III after defeating the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh. For 10 points, name this Egyptian pharaoh who launched military campaigns into the Levant and built the temple of Abu Simbel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 90, 430 ], [ 431, 527 ], [ 528, 653 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Eero Saarinen", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "With Florence Knoll, this man designed a building alternatively known as \"The Black Rock.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Eero_Saarinen", "proto_id": "58b0b81e70b915409571898a", "qanta_id": 99221, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "With Florence Knoll, this man designed a building alternatively known as \"The Black Rock.\" He placed thin slits in the otherwise windowless brick cylinder to let light into one building, and he experimented with floating acoustic \"clouds\" in another. This architect of the MIT Chapel and Kresge Auditorium also incorporated wing-like structures in the TWA Flight Center at JFK International Airport and designed the Washington Dulles Airport. Equilateral triangles form the two bases of another of this man's designs, an inverted catenary curve on the west bank of the Mississippi River. For 10 points, name this Finnish-American architect of the St. Louis Gateway Arch.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 250 ], [ 251, 442 ], [ 443, 587 ], [ 588, 670 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Fibonacci numbers [or Fibonacci sequence; or Fibonacci series]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Every integer can be represented as a unique sum of one or more distinct, nonconsecutive numbers in this series, according to Zeckendorf's theorem.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fibonacci_number", "proto_id": "58b0b81e70b915409571899e", "qanta_id": 99241, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "Every integer can be represented as a unique sum of one or more distinct, nonconsecutive numbers in this series, according to Zeckendorf's theorem. An integer x is in this series if one or both of \"five x squared plus four\" or \"five x squared minus four\" is a perfect square, a consequence of Binet's formula. The shallow diagonals in Pascal's triangle sum to these numbers, which were used by their namesake to describe the population of a group of rabbits. As this series gets larger, the ratio of consecutive numbers in this series approaches the golden ratio. For 10 points, name this set of numbers with terms generated by adding the two preceding numbers, which begins 1, 1, 2, 3, 5.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 147 ], [ 148, 309 ], [ 310, 458 ], [ 459, 563 ], [ 564, 689 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Franz Joseph Haydn", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Archangels appear as soloist parts in this composer's chorale \"The Heavens are Telling,\" which is part of a work that opens with \"The Representation of Chaos.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "proto_id": "58b0b81e70b91540957189a0", "qanta_id": 99243, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "Archangels appear as soloist parts in this composer's chorale \"The Heavens are Telling,\" which is part of a work that opens with \"The Representation of Chaos.\" He composed an anthem for Franz II that became the Deutschlandlied and used the melody of that anthem in his \"Emperor\" Quartet, written in a musical form that he developed. This composer's works were catalogued by Anthony van Hoboken. This composer placed a sudden fortissimo chord in the middle of an otherwise soft movement in his \"Surprise Symphony.\" For 10 points, name this court composer of Prince Esterhazy, considered the \"Father of the String Quartet\" and \"Father of the Symphony.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 332 ], [ 333, 394 ], [ 395, 512 ], [ 512, 650 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Pablo Neruda [or Neftal\u00ed Ricardo Reyes Basoalto]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The title object of one of this author's poems is \"dressed up like a warrior\" and stripped \"scale by scale\" before being eaten.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Neruda", "proto_id": "58b0b81e70b91540957189a3", "qanta_id": 99246, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The title object of one of this author's poems is \"dressed up like a warrior\" and stripped \"scale by scale\" before being eaten. The speaker of another of this author's poems \"[looks] at the crystal moon\" and \"[touches] the impalpable ash\" in a poem that mourns his exile, \"If You Forget Me.\" This poet of the collection Elemental Odes concluded one work with \"speak through my words and my blood.\" That poem is \"The Heights of Macchu Picchu\" and appears in his collection Canto General. In another collection this poet laments, \"Tonight I can write the saddest lines.\" For 10 points, name this Chilean poet of Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 291 ], [ 292, 397 ], [ 398, 486 ], [ 487, 567 ], [ 567, 650 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Ren\u00e9 Descartes [or Renatus Cartesius]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man described a tree of philosophy with metaphysics as the roots, physics as the trunk and other sciences as the branches.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ren\u00e9_Descartes", "proto_id": "58b0b81e70b91540957189b5", "qanta_id": 99264, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man described a tree of philosophy with metaphysics as the roots, physics as the trunk and other sciences as the branches. He believed that the essence of mind is thought, while the essence of the body is extension. This man argued that sensations are involuntary to the mind and therefore must have an external source, and a world external to the mind must exist. Since everything taken to be true is given by the senses, this philosopher began one work by rejecting everything in order to find true knowledge. For 10 points, name this author of Discourse on the Method and Meditations on First Philosophy, a French philosopher who asserted, \"I think, therefore I am.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 220 ], [ 221, 369 ], [ 370, 516 ], [ 517, 674 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Napoleon Bonaparte [accept either underlined part; accept Napoleon I or Napoleone Buonaparte]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Dagobert von Wurmsur attempted to break this man's Siege of Mantua, but was defeated by this man at the Battle of Castiglione.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Napoleon", "proto_id": "58b0b81f70b91540957189cb", "qanta_id": 99286, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Dagobert von Wurmsur attempted to break this man's Siege of Mantua, but was defeated by this man at the Battle of Castiglione. This man's Imperial Guard never entered combat until the inconclusive Battle of Eylau. This commander won a bloodless victory at the Battle of Ulm against Karl Mack, allowing him defeat the Prussians at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt. He defeated Mikhail Kutuzov at the Battle of Borodino during his 1812 invasion of Russia and retreated from the Pratzen Heights to win the Battle of Austerlitz. For 10 points, name this Corsican-born general and self-crowned Emperor of the French, who was exiled to St. Helena following his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 213 ], [ 214, 359 ], [ 360, 520 ], [ 521, 684 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "bystander effect [accept Ringelmann effect before mentioned]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One experiment associated with this phenomenon tested subjects' ability to pull on a rope and confirmed that the Ringelmann effect contributes to this phenomenon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bystander_effect", "proto_id": "58b0b81f70b91540957189d4", "qanta_id": 99295, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "One experiment associated with this phenomenon tested subjects' ability to pull on a rope and confirmed that the Ringelmann effect contributes to this phenomenon. Another experiment observing this phenomenon asked Columbia University students to complete a questionnaire while a room filled with smoke and was conducted by Darley and Latane. Pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility are causes of this phenomenon, which was cited to explain the apathy to Winston Moseley's murder of Kitty Genovese on a busy New York street. For 10 points, name this social phenomenon that observes that people are less likely to intervene during an emergency when more witnesses are present.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 162 ], [ 163, 341 ], [ 342, 537 ], [ 538, 688 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Ieoh Ming Pei", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man designed the Mesa Laboratory in Boulder to look \"carved out of the mountain\" and used the Mosque of Ahmad Ibn Tulun as a model for his Museum of Islamic Art.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "I._M._Pei", "proto_id": "58b0b81f70b91540957189d9", "qanta_id": 99300, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "This man designed the Mesa Laboratory in Boulder to look \"carved out of the mountain\" and used the Mosque of Ahmad Ibn Tulun as a model for his Museum of Islamic Art. This architect of the JFK Presidential Library built the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art to contrast with the neoclassical design of that building's West Wing. He designed the John Hancock Building in Boston to reflect the color of the sky it faces and also designed the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland. A building by him in Hong Kong was modeled after bamboo shoots. For 10 points, name this Chinese American architect of the Bank of China Tower and a glass pyramid that sits in front of the Louvre.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 166 ], [ 167, 335 ], [ 336, 498 ], [ 499, 562 ], [ 563, 695 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Elizabeth I [prompt on the \"Virgin Queen\" until \"virgin\" is mentioned; prompt on partial answer]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one public address, this ruler describes how Joseph of Arimathea founded the Church in this ruler's kingdom and noted that even Christ paid taxes to Caesar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Elizabeth_I_of_England", "proto_id": "58b0b81f70b91540957189f1", "qanta_id": 99324, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In one public address, this ruler describes how Joseph of Arimathea founded the Church in this ruler's kingdom and noted that even Christ paid taxes to Caesar. This ruler contended that, despite having a \"weak and feeble\" body, this monarch possessed the \"heart and stomach of a king\" in the Speech to the Troops at Tilbury. In an address to members of Parliament, this ruler claimed that it would be sufficient \"that a marble stone shall declare that a Queen, having reigned such a time, lived and died a virgin.\" For 10 points, name this last Tudor queen who ruled over England at the time of the Spanish Armada.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 324 ], [ 325, 514 ], [ 515, 614 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Taoism [or Daoism; or Daojia; or Daojiao]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "People possessed by spirits in this religion are called tongji, and some sects of religion believe that Li Hong will appear at the apocalypse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Taoism", "proto_id": "58b0b82070b9154095718a04", "qanta_id": 99343, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "People possessed by spirits in this religion are called tongji, and some sects of religion believe that Li Hong will appear at the apocalypse. Celestial Masters emerged as leaders of one branch of this religion in the Wudoumi (\"oodoh-mee\") Movement. One practitioner of this religion accompanied Genghis Khan and convinced him against trying to attain immortality. In modern times, this religion primarily consists of the Zhengyi and Quanzhen Schools. This religion's founder emphasized wuwei and supposedly left his home country on an ox after writing its central work. For 10 points, name this Chinese religious tradition founded by Lao Tzu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 249 ], [ 250, 364 ], [ 365, 451 ], [ 452, 570 ], [ 571, 643 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "La Traviata [or The Fallen Woman]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, one character plays pool and makes money off a nobleman, then throws that money at his lover's feet.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "La_traviata", "proto_id": "58b0b82070b9154095718a1d", "qanta_id": 99368, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In this work, one character plays pool and makes money off a nobleman, then throws that money at his lover's feet. When guests leave a party, the title character of this work describes her need for freedom in \"Sempre libera.\" During that party in this work, Gastone tells the title character that, while she was ill, Alfredo Germont visited her house every day. After Baron Douphol refuses to give a toast, Alfredo sings \"Libiamo ne'lieti calici,\" a drinking song. After leaving Alfredo to save his family's reputation, the title woman of this opera eventually dies of tuberculosis. For 10 points, name this opera about the courtesan Violetta Val\u00e9ry by Giuseppe Verdi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 225 ], [ 226, 361 ], [ 362, 464 ], [ 465, 582 ], [ 583, 668 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Mexico [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work, an author from this country imagines a journey to Galta to visit the shrine of the title figure, Hanuman, and that author began a poem with \"Willow of crystal, a poplar of water.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "58b0b82070b9154095718a2f", "qanta_id": 99386, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In one work, an author from this country imagines a journey to Galta to visit the shrine of the title figure, Hanuman, and that author began a poem with \"Willow of crystal, a poplar of water.\" Another author from this country wrote a work in which the dying title tycoon listens to recordings of business deals and spurns his wife Catalina. Another author from this country wrote The Monkey Grammarian and examined the culture of this country in The Labyrinth of Solitude. That author emulated the Aztec calendar to write his poem \"Sun Stone.\" For 10 points, name this native country of Octavio Paz and the author of The Death of Artemio Cruz, Carlos Fuentes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 192 ], [ 193, 340 ], [ 341, 472 ], [ 473, 543 ], [ 544, 659 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol [or Mykola Vasyliovych Hohol]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a short story in which a roast lamb comes alive after Basavriuk convinces Petro to kill a child.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nikolai_Gogol", "proto_id": "58b0b82070b9154095718a31", "qanta_id": 99388, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote a short story in which a roast lamb comes alive after Basavriuk convinces Petro to kill a child. This author of \"St. John's Eve\" wrote a work in which the title Cossack shoots his son Andriy on the spot after learning of his treachery; that work is Taras Bulba. He also wrote a work in which Poprishchin believes himself to be the heir to the Spanish throne. In addition to \"Diary of a Madman,\" he wrote a work where Major Kovalyov journeys to Kazan Cathedral to recover the title body part, and in another story by this author, the title article of clothing is stolen from Akaky Akakievich. For 10 points, name this Russian author of \"The Nose\" and \"The Overcoat.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 279 ], [ 280, 376 ], [ 377, 609 ], [ 610, 683 ] ], "tournament": "BELLOCO", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "(Achille-)Claude Debussy", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One orchestral work by this composer opens with a sustained timpani roll and double bass tremolo on a low B, while two harps alternate playing octave F-sharps and G-sharps.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_Debussy", "proto_id": "58b0b82370b9154095718a84", "qanta_id": 99471, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "One orchestral work by this composer opens with a sustained timpani roll and double bass tremolo on a low B, while two harps alternate playing octave F-sharps and G-sharps. Some of this composer's piano works were orchestrated by Andr\u00e9 Caplet. At the opening of one piece by him, an F - A-flat third in the pianist's left hand is answered by the same third an octave above in the right hand. That movement in D-flat major and 9/8 time appears in a piano suite by him that ends with a \"Passepied\". The movement \"Play of the waves\" is the second in a series of three \"symphonic sketches\" by him, depicting the ocean. For 10 points, name this French composer of La mer, whose Suite bergamasque includes the movement \"Clair de Lune\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 172 ], [ 173, 243 ], [ 244, 391 ], [ 392, 496 ], [ 497, 614 ], [ 615, 729 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Italo Calvino", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a story about a magazine editor who reaches out toward the breasts of Claudia not to have sex, but to protect her from the title pollutant.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italo_Calvino", "proto_id": "58b0b82470b9154095718ad0", "qanta_id": 99547, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author wrote a story about a magazine editor who reaches out toward the breasts of Claudia not to have sex, but to protect her from the title pollutant. A short story by this author takes place in the study of Alexander Dumas, where the Abbe Faria asks the author how to escape the Chateau d'If. A terrestrial family is ashamed of their \"aquatic uncle\" in a story from one of this author's collections, which is best known for a tale in which lovers jump back and forth between the Earth and a gradually drifting Moon. The omnipresent being Qfwfq [\"koof-ka\"] narrates many stories in this author's collections t-zero and Cosmicomics. This author wrote a novel told in the second person, in which you, the reader, are about to read a novel by this author. For 10 points, name this author of If on a winter's night a traveler.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 300 ], [ 301, 523 ], [ 524, 563 ], [ 564, 638 ], [ 639, 759 ], [ 760, 829 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Egypt [or Misr; or Masr]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A theologian from what is now this country developed a doctrine of pre-existence of souls that was condemned at the Synod of Constantinople.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Egypt", "proto_id": "58b0b82470b9154095718ae1", "qanta_id": 99564, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A theologian from what is now this country developed a doctrine of pre-existence of souls that was condemned at the Synod of Constantinople. Hassan al-Banna founded an Islamic revival movement that forms the basis of one of this country's political parties. The Isma'ili imam and caliph al-Mu'izz founded the al-Azhar mosque in this country, where a Salafist party placed second in the most recent parliamentary elections. Origen and St. Athanasius were from this modern-day country. Tawadros II is a patriarch who presides over Christians in this country and Ethiopia. For 10 points, name this country recently governed by the Islamic Brotherhood, the home of the Coptic church.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 257 ], [ 258, 422 ], [ 423, 483 ], [ 484, 569 ], [ 570, 679 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Igor Stravinsky", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer's first time basing an entire movement on a tone row was in the \"Surge, aquilo\" section of a late sacred work dedicated to the city of Venice.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Igor_Stravinsky", "proto_id": "58b0b82470b9154095718ae9", "qanta_id": 99572, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer's first time basing an entire movement on a tone row was in the \"Surge, aquilo\" section of a late sacred work dedicated to the city of Venice. During the last two decades of his life, this composer frequently collaborated with the conductor Robert Craft. Tuberculosis prevented this composer of Canticum Sacrum from conducting the premiere of a concerto grosso in E-flat he wrote for the wedding of Robert Woods Bliss. One work by this composer is the namesake of a dissonant chord consisting of two major triads a tritone apart. That ballet by him is about a love triangle between the title character, the Ballerina, and the Moor, all of whom are puppets. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of the Dumbarton Oaks Concerto and the ballet Petrushka.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 156 ], [ 157, 268 ], [ 269, 432 ], [ 433, 543 ], [ 544, 670 ], [ 671, 769 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Nigeria", "category": "Current Events", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this nation, the proposed Lekki Port will begin operations in 2018.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nigeria", "proto_id": "58b0b82570b9154095718b09", "qanta_id": 99604, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In this nation, the proposed Lekki Port will begin operations in 2018. After the governor of this country's central bank suggested that nearly 50 million dollars were missing from oil revenues, its finance minister argued that only 10.8 million dollars were missing. The Eko Atlantic district is a planned region in this country's largest city which has been blamed for degrading the coastline. In this nation, oil pipelines and platforms have been attacked by rebel group MEND, which seeks economic liberation for its namesake region. This country's largest conglomerate is named after Aliko Dangote, the richest man in Africa. In 2014, 276 schoolgirls in this country were kidnapped by terrorist group Boko Haram. For 10 points, name this nation currently led by Goodluck Jonathan, the most populous country in Africa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 70 ], [ 71, 266 ], [ 267, 394 ], [ 395, 535 ], [ 536, 628 ], [ 629, 715 ], [ 716, 820 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Scotland [prompt on \"Kingdom of Great Britain\"; do not accept \"United Kingdom\"]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One philosopher from this country terms the process through which concepts are generated from sensations as \"suggestion,\" attacking the \"Way of Ideas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Scotland", "proto_id": "58b0b82570b9154095718b12", "qanta_id": 99613, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "One philosopher from this country terms the process through which concepts are generated from sensations as \"suggestion,\" attacking the \"Way of Ideas.\" A work from this country argues that custom and fashion have a limited role in moral judgment and seeks to awaken \"the man within the breast,\" a sympathetic, impartial spectator. This nation was home to the author of Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man, the common sense philosopher Thomas Reid. It also produced a thinker who distinguished \"relations of ideas\" and \"matters of fact\" and considered the possibility of a missing shade of blue. This country's Enlightenment was home to the authors of A Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. For 10 points, name this country home to Adam Smith and David Hume.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 150, 330 ], [ 331, 452 ], [ 453, 599 ], [ 600, 731 ], [ 732, 799 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Johannes Brahms", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In the final movement of this composer's first symphony, a horn solo begins with a dotted half note on E, then descends in sixteenth - dotted eighth - whole note rhythm to D, C, G; that solo is repeated by the flute.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Brahms", "proto_id": "58b0b82570b9154095718b1c", "qanta_id": 99623, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "In the final movement of this composer's first symphony, a horn solo begins with a dotted half note on E, then descends in sixteenth - dotted eighth - whole note rhythm to D, C, G; that solo is repeated by the flute. That first symphony by this composer opens with the timpani pounding eighth notes in 6/8 under a chromatically rising string melody in C minor. An \"F - A - B-flat\" motif sets the words \"Selig sind\" in a choral work by him. This composer wrote that non-liturgical requiem using excerpts from the Luther Bible, and quoted \"Gaudeamus igitur\" in an overture written in response to the conferral of an honorary degree by the University of Breslau. For 10 points, name this 19th-century composer of A German Requiem and the Academic Festival Overture.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 216 ], [ 217, 360 ], [ 361, 439 ], [ 440, 659 ], [ 660, 762 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Mughal empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A man managed to escape from a ruler of this empire by hiding in wicker baskets covered in flowers.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mughal_Empire", "proto_id": "58b0b82570b9154095718b21", "qanta_id": 99628, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A man managed to escape from a ruler of this empire by hiding in wicker baskets covered in flowers. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier gave a notable description of an artifact created by this empire, which was dealt a major defeat at the Battle of Karnal by an Afsharid ruler. A mosque destroyed in riots in 1992 was named for a ruler of this empire. Another ruler of this empire created the House of Worship to house debates between scholars of all faiths, after which he created his own syncretic faith called Din-e lahi. Shivaji repulsed attacks by this empire and founded its nemesis, the Maratha confederacy. For 10 points, name this empire which built the Peacock Throne during the reign of Shah Jahan.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 266 ], [ 267, 340 ], [ 341, 513 ], [ 514, 603 ], [ 604, 698 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "antibodies [or immunoglobulins before mention]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The residues of these proteins can be numbered using either the Chothia or Kabat numbering schemes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antibody", "proto_id": "58b0b82570b9154095718b23", "qanta_id": 99630, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The residues of these proteins can be numbered using either the Chothia or Kabat numbering schemes. These proteins are absent in people with mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase, and their namesake fold consists of two beta sheets with a greek key motif held together by a single disulfide bond. One subtype of these molecules has subcomponents held together by the 15 kilodalton J-chain. The cells that produce these proteins rearrange one of their genetic loci through VDJ recombination. For 10 points, identify these proteins consisting of a two heavy and two light chains arranged in a Y shape, also called immunoglobulins.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 296 ], [ 297, 389 ], [ 390, 490 ], [ 491, 628 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "France [or the French Republic; or Republique Francaise]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An artist from this country won a 1993 lawsuit that hinged on the plaintiffs falsely claiming to be the couple depicted in his Kiss by the Hotel De Ville.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "France", "proto_id": "58b0b82670b9154095718b3f", "qanta_id": 99658, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "An artist from this country won a 1993 lawsuit that hinged on the plaintiffs falsely claiming to be the couple depicted in his Kiss by the Hotel De Ville. Another artist from this country collected some of his works in the books The Face of Asia and The Decisive Moment, but is more famous for a depiction of a man leaping past a ladder over a huge puddle behind a train station. An artist from this country commissioned the construction of an enormous balloon called \"The Giant\" in the same year in which he was caricatured by a countryman \"elevating photography to art\". A bootblack and his customer became the first people captured on film in a work by a man from this country who used iodized silver plates in his namesake type of photography. For 10 points, name this country home to Nadar, Henri Cartier-Bresson, and Louis Daguerre.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 154 ], [ 155, 379 ], [ 380, 572 ], [ 573, 747 ], [ 748, 838 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The Carnival of the Animals [or Le carnaval des animaux]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The main melody of this work's penultimate movement begins with the following six quarter notes in 6/4 time: descending \"G - F-sharp - B\", followed by a descending \"E - D - G\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Carnival_of_the_Animals", "proto_id": "58b0b82670b9154095718b47", "qanta_id": 99666, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "The main melody of this work's penultimate movement begins with the following six quarter notes in 6/4 time: descending \"G - F-sharp - B\", followed by a descending \"E - D - G\". A solo double bass quotes the \"Dance of the Sylphs\" from The Damnation of Faust in this work's fifth movement. One movement in this piece is scored for the unusual combination of flute, muted strings, two pianos, and glass harmonica. This work's fourth movement includes a humorously slow rendition of the can-can from Orpheus in the Underworld. The xylophone part mimics the composer's own Danse macabre in its twelfth movement, which is titled \"Fossils\". For 10 points, name this orchestral suite by Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns that includes \"The Elephant\", \"Tortoises\", and \"The Swan.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 287 ], [ 288, 410 ], [ 411, 522 ], [ 523, 633 ], [ 634, 757 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Baha'i [accept B\u00e1bism until \"Mashriqu'l-Adhk\u00e1r\"]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One figure important to this religion invoked the \"Solace of the Eye\" in his commentary on the Surah of Joseph.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bah\u00e1'\u00ed_Faith", "proto_id": "58b0b82670b9154095718b5a", "qanta_id": 99685, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "One figure important to this religion invoked the \"Solace of the Eye\" in his commentary on the Surah of Joseph. That person declared to Mull\u00e1 Husayn that he was the promised successor to the Shaykhi movement and then was independently recognized by each of the eighteen people he designated as Letters of the Living. Future plans to establish one of this faith's places of worship, a Mashriqu'l-Adhk\u00e1r, is discussed in the 2014 version of the Ri\u1e0dv\u00e1n message. The governing assembly of this faith was founded at the culmination of its ten year plan for expansion, which was implemented by this faith's Guardian Shogi Effendi. For ten points, name this faith which is governed by the Universal House of Justice and which was founded by Bah\u00e1'u'll\u00e1h.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 316 ], [ 317, 458 ], [ 459, 624 ], [ 625, 746 ] ], "tournament": "DEES", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "(Franz) Joseph Haydn", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's brother is the actual composer of most of Mozart's thirty-seventh symphony.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Joseph_Haydn", "proto_id": "58b0b82770b9154095718b7f", "qanta_id": 99722, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This man's brother is the actual composer of most of Mozart's thirty-seventh symphony. In the finale of an F-sharp minor symphony by this man, the tempo switches from presto to adagio, and one orchestral section after another gets up and leaves. This man composed around 170 works for the baryton, which was the favorite instrument of Prince Esterhazy, his employer. The second movement of another symphony by this man begins with the violins playing the pizzicato eighth notes C-C-E-E-G-G followed by a quarter note E, and takes its name from a sudden fortissimo chord. For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of the Farewell and Surprise symphonies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 245 ], [ 246, 366 ], [ 367, 570 ], [ 571, 654 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "liver", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Abnormalities in serum albumin concentration and prothrombin time imply damage to this organ.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "58b0b82770b9154095718b83", "qanta_id": 99726, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Abnormalities in serum albumin concentration and prothrombin time imply damage to this organ. Vitamin A is stored in Ito cells in this organ, which is where lactate is moved to in the Cori cycle. This organ is attached to the abdominal wall by the falciform ligament, and has macrophages called Kupffer cells. Blood is supplied by the portal vein to this organ, which stores glycogen and secretes bile. For 10 points, name this organ in which excessive alcohol can cause cirrhosis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 195 ], [ 196, 309 ], [ 310, 402 ], [ 403, 481 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Paris", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This city names a three-movement symphony in D major that begins with the full orchestra playing a whole note and two half notes, followed by a Mannheim rocket in the third measure.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paris", "proto_id": "58b0b82770b9154095718b92", "qanta_id": 99741, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "This city names a three-movement symphony in D major that begins with the full orchestra playing a whole note and two half notes, followed by a Mannheim rocket in the third measure. Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's sculpture The Dance is located in a Charles Garnier designed building in this city, which was the setting of a painting in which a couple share an umbrella in front of a green gaslight. Mozart's thirty-first symphony is named for this city, where I. M. Pei designed a large pyramid for an art museum. For 10 points, name this French city home to the Louvre and the Eiffel Tower", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 392 ], [ 393, 507 ], [ 508, 584 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "xylem", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The tension of a certain substance found in this tissue can be measured using a pressure bomb.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Xylem", "proto_id": "58b0b82770b9154095718b9b", "qanta_id": 99750, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The tension of a certain substance found in this tissue can be measured using a pressure bomb. Hermine von Reichenbach discovered occlusions in this tissue called tyloses [tahy-LOH-seez]. Patterns of development in this tissue include mesarch [MEZ-ahrk], exarch [EK-sahrk], and endarch [EN-darch]. The inner and outer portions of its secondary type are called heartwood and sapwood. The cohesion-tension theory explains the transport of material through this tissue, which is composed of short vessel elements and long tracheids. For 10 points, name this type of tissue found in vascular plants that carries minerals and water up from the roots.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 187 ], [ 188, 297 ], [ 298, 382 ], [ 383, 529 ], [ 530, 645 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "bystander effect", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One phenomenon similar to this effect was examined by Max Ringelmann.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bystander_effect", "proto_id": "58b0b82770b9154095718ba2", "qanta_id": 99757, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "One phenomenon similar to this effect was examined by Max Ringelmann. One experiment testing this phenomenon utilized a recording of a person having a seizure while in another, participants were asked to fill out a survey while a room filled with smoke. This effect was studied by John Darley and Bibb Latane, who posited that it resulted from \"pluralistic ignorance\" and \"diffusion of responsibility.\" This effect gained notoriety following the murder of Kitty Genovese, and Good Samaritan Laws attempt to combat this effect. FTP, name this social phenomenon in which people in a large group are less willing to offer help in a crisis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 253 ], [ 254, 401 ], [ 401, 526 ], [ 527, 636 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Anubis", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This figure is depicted subduing the \"nine bows\" on the seal of many tombs in the Valley of the Kings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anubis", "proto_id": "58b0b82870b9154095718ba4", "qanta_id": 99759, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This figure is depicted subduing the \"nine bows\" on the seal of many tombs in the Valley of the Kings. One of his roles was \"opener of Northern Roads.\" In the Pyramid Texts this figure is associated with the Eye of Horus, and in his primary role he abandons the guilty to the beast Ammit. His daughter Kabechet helps him in a process that utilizes canopic jars. For ten points, name this protector of the dead and expert at mummification, a jackal-headed Egyptian god.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 151 ], [ 152, 288 ], [ 289, 361 ], [ 362, 468 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Theodore Roosevelt", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man accompanied photographer Jacob Riis on night-time walking tours of New York City slums in order to find sleeping officers while serving as Police Commissioner.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Theodore_Roosevelt", "proto_id": "58b0b82870b9154095718ba5", "qanta_id": 99760, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This man accompanied photographer Jacob Riis on night-time walking tours of New York City slums in order to find sleeping officers while serving as Police Commissioner. He disparaged the tactics of Oliver Hazard Perry during the Battle of Lake Erie in his historical monograph titled The Naval War of 1812. In his greatest office, he directed the Great White Fleet of the U.S. Navy to make a two-year circumnavigation of the globe. He served four years without a vice president before defeating Alton Parker to win re-election, then in his second term won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in ending the Russo-Japanese War. FTP, who is this 26th President of the United States who took office when William McKinley was assassinated?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 306 ], [ 307, 431 ], [ 432, 624 ], [ 625, 733 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Wittig reaction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Salt-free conditions prevent stereochemical drift from occurring in this reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Wittig_reaction", "proto_id": "58b0b82870b9154095718bb4", "qanta_id": 99775, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Salt-free conditions prevent stereochemical drift from occurring in this reaction. The conversion of an erythro compound to a threo compound in this reaction changes the stereochemistry of the product from Z to E in its Schlosser modification. Either a betaine [BEE-tuh-een] or a compound containing a four-membered ring called oxaphosphetane is the intermediate in this reaction, which begins with a phosphonium salt being treated with a strong base to give an ylide [IL-id]. For 10 points, name this organic chemistry reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones into alkenes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 82 ], [ 83, 243 ], [ 244, 476 ], [ 477, 577 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "War of the Triple Alliance", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "During one battle in this war, Pedro Meza attempted to bombard the enemy's fleet while floating past them.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Paraguayan_War", "proto_id": "58b0b82870b9154095718bb8", "qanta_id": 99779, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "During one battle in this war, Pedro Meza attempted to bombard the enemy's fleet while floating past them. The Duke of Caxias led one country's forces, and this war began following the ousting of Atanasio Aguirre's Blanco party by the foreign-backed Colorados. The Battle of Riachuelo occurred during this conflict, and this war began with one side's invasion of Mato Grosso. Leaders during this conflict included Argentina's Bartolome Mitre and Pedro II of Brazil, while Francisco Solano Lopez ruled Paraguay. FTP, name this war where Paraguay was defeated by the namesake coalition of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 260 ], [ 261, 375 ], [ 376, 510 ], [ 511, 618 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "New York City", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One mayor of this city caused a police riot in 1857 when he appointed Charles Devlin street commissioner.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "New_York_City", "proto_id": "58b0b82870b9154095718be1", "qanta_id": 99820, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One mayor of this city caused a police riot in 1857 when he appointed Charles Devlin street commissioner. That mayor, Fernando Wood, recommended this city secede from the Union at the outbreak of the Civil War; Wood lost election for a third term despite the help of the Dead Rabbits gang in collecting fraudulent votes. Ed Koch served three terms as mayor of this city before losing in 1989 to David Dinkins, this city's first black mayor. The previous mayor of this city had his ban on the sale of soft drinks in sizes greater than 16 ounces repealed in the summer of 2014. FTP what city is currently led by Bill de Blasio, who succeeded Michael Bloomberg?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 320 ], [ 321, 440 ], [ 441, 575 ], [ 576, 658 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Brazil", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An important non-fiction work details this country's Rebellion in the Backlands led by Antonio the Counselor and was written by Euclides da Cunha [koon-yuh].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "58b0b82970b9154095718be5", "qanta_id": 99824, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "An important non-fiction work details this country's Rebellion in the Backlands led by Antonio the Counselor and was written by Euclides da Cunha [koon-yuh]. The enchanting cooking of the title female for her Syrian-born husband Nacib Saad forms part of the plot of Gabriela, Clove, and Cinnamon, a novel written by an author from this country. Jorge Amado's first novel argued that this country's emphasis on the pre-Lenten festival hampered its development and is titled The Country of Carnival. FTP what South American country is home to Paulo Coelho, who wrote The Alchemist in Portuguese?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 344 ], [ 345, 497 ], [ 498, 593 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Inca", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Members of this empire were divided into kin groups known as ayllu [EYE-you].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Inca_Empire", "proto_id": "58b0b82970b9154095718be7", "qanta_id": 99826, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Members of this empire were divided into kin groups known as ayllu [EYE-you]. This empire absorbed the Chimu civilization and used quipus [KEE-poos] for keeping records. The language Quechua [KECH-wah] was spoken by members of this empire. One ruler of it rebuilt a city in the shape of a puma, and another killed his half-brother Huascar [WAHS-kahr] and offered a room full of gold as a ransom to a conquistador. For 10 points, name this empire that was centered at Cuzco, and was conquered during the reign of Atahualpa [ah-tah-WAHL-pah] by Francisco Pizarro.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 169 ], [ 170, 239 ], [ 240, 413 ], [ 414, 561 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Gustav Mahler", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A symphony by this man contains an alto solo called the \"Midnight Song\" and begins with a movement in which \"Pan awakes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustav_Mahler", "proto_id": "58b0b82970b9154095718bef", "qanta_id": 99834, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "A symphony by this man contains an alto solo called the \"Midnight Song\" and begins with a movement in which \"Pan awakes.\" A funeral march is the first movement of this man's fifth symphony, which opens with a trumpet solo. That symphony by this man also includes an Adagietto fourth movement. Lines from a Friedrich Klopstock poem, such as \"Rise again,\" appear in this man's second symphony. The finale of this man's sixth symphony contains three hammer blows of fate, and the second theme of the first movement is named for Alma, his wife. For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of the \"Resurrection,\" \"Tragic\" and \"Titan\" symphonies.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 120, 121 ], [ 122, 222 ], [ 223, 292 ], [ 293, 391 ], [ 392, 540 ], [ 541, 639 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Friedrich Nietzsche", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This philosopher wrote that his \"formula for greatness in a human being is amor fati,\" in one work, and he celebrated Arthur Schopenhauer \"as educator\" in a chapter from his book Untimely Meditations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friedrich_Nietzsche", "proto_id": "58b0b82970b9154095718bfe", "qanta_id": 99849, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This philosopher wrote that his \"formula for greatness in a human being is amor fati,\" in one work, and he celebrated Arthur Schopenhauer \"as educator\" in a chapter from his book Untimely Meditations. He included sections titled \"Why I Am So Clever,\" and \"Why I Write Such Good Books\" in his work Ecce Homo. This philosopher divided the title concept into the Apollonian and Dionysian in one work, while in another work he declared that, \"God is dead.\" This philosopher wrote The Gay Science and The Birth of Tragedy. FTP, name this German philosopher who wrote about the Ubermensch in Thus Spake Zarathustra.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 200 ], [ 201, 307 ], [ 308, 452 ], [ 453, 517 ], [ 518, 585 ], [ 586, 609 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Isaac Newton", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Laws named for this man were modified by Mordechai Milgrom to describe systems of galaxies.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isaac_Newton", "proto_id": "58b0b82970b9154095718c17", "qanta_id": 99874, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "Laws named for this man were modified by Mordechai Milgrom to describe systems of galaxies. One law named for this man includes the convective heat transfer coefficient, and another contains a constant whose value was first measured by Henry Cavendish in an experiment that used a torsion balance. One law named for this man is sometimes called the action-reaction law, and another is alternatively known as the law of inertia. For 10 points, name this English scientist who names three laws of motion, including one that states force equals mass times acceleration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 297 ], [ 298, 427 ], [ 428, 566 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Thirty Years' War", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One side in this war employed a light cavalry whose cries of \"Cut them down!\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thirty_Years'_War", "proto_id": "58b0b82a70b9154095718c48", "qanta_id": 99923, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "One side in this war employed a light cavalry whose cries of \"Cut them down!\" led to them being called the Hackapells. One country entered this war following the Truce of Altmark, while another country involved in this war was led by Maximilian I, the Elector of Bavaria. This war's \"Bohemian phase\" was ended by the Battle of White Mountain. This war's Battle of Rain was fought between the Count of Tilly and a man who would later die at the Battle of Lutzen, Gustavus Adolphus. This war was triggered by the Second Defenestration of Prague. Fought between Catholic and Protestant forces, FTP, name this war ended by the Peace of Westphalia that lasted from 1618 to 1648.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 118 ], [ 119, 271 ], [ 272, 342 ], [ 343, 480 ], [ 481, 543 ], [ 544, 673 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Virginia Woolf", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This writer depicted the namesake character's attempt to bite Robert Browning in a fictional biography of Elizabeth Barrett's cocker spaniel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Virginia_Woolf", "proto_id": "58b0b82a70b9154095718c50", "qanta_id": 99931, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This writer depicted the namesake character's attempt to bite Robert Browning in a fictional biography of Elizabeth Barrett's cocker spaniel. This writer translated Dostoevsky's The Devils for The Hogarth Press, which she founded with her husband Leonard. Another novel by this author of Flush chronicles the 300-plus years of the title author of \"The Oak Tree\" who changes from man to woman. Prior to writing Orlando this member of the Bloomsbury Group chronicled one day in the life of Clarissa, who learns of Septimus Smith's suicide at her evening party. FTP name this author of Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 255 ], [ 256, 392 ], [ 393, 558 ], [ 559, 619 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Willa Cather", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one novel by this author, the protagonist drowns in a frozen river after spurning Harry Gordon's marriage proposal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willa_Cather", "proto_id": "58b0b82a70b9154095718c5d", "qanta_id": 99944, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one novel by this author, the protagonist drowns in a frozen river after spurning Harry Gordon's marriage proposal. In another of this author's books, Enid Royce leaves her husband Claude Wheeler, who later enlists in WWI. This author of Lucy Gayheart and One of Ours wrote about Alexandra Bergson in O, Pioneers! In another novel by this author, the French clergymen Joseph Vaillant and Jean Marie Latour travel for over a year to take over a diocese in New Mexico. This author also wrote about a character that works for Wick Cutter, marries Anton Cuzak, and is saved from a giant snake by Jim Burden. FTP, name this author of Death Comes for the Archbishop and My Antonia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 225 ], [ 226, 316 ], [ 317, 469 ], [ 470, 606 ], [ 607, 678 ] ], "tournament": "Delta Burke", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "sulfur [or S]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The genus Chromatium produces this element through oxidation, and the 3d orbitals in this element may contribute to catenation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sulfur", "proto_id": "58b0b82b70b9154095718c62", "qanta_id": 99949, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The genus Chromatium produces this element through oxidation, and the 3d orbitals in this element may contribute to catenation. This element's phase diagram has three triple points because it has two solid phases. Thiol groups of it function in biomolecular binding, such as in Coenzyme A, and this element also forms (*) crosslinking polymer chains during vulcanization. As a pure solid, this element forms a cyclic molecule with eight atoms, and one compound of this element and hydrogen smells like rotten eggs. For ten points, identify this yellow element with atomic number 16.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 213 ], [ 214, 371 ], [ 372, 514 ], [ 515, 582 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Paul Thomas Mann", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, the protagonist accidentally dances during the wrong part after being distracted by his love-interest Ingeborg Holm.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Thomas_Mann", "proto_id": "58b0b82b70b9154095718c68", "qanta_id": 99955, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one of this author's novels, the protagonist accidentally dances during the wrong part after being distracted by his love-interest Ingeborg Holm. This author also wrote a novel about a character who falls in love with Clavdia Chauchat and meets his tuberculosis-infected cousin, Joachim (*) Ziemssen, in the \"flatlands.\" In another one of his works, the protagonist develops passionate feelings for the Polish boy Tadzio in a cholera-infected city. For ten points, identify this author of Tonio Kroger who wrote about Hans Castorp in The Magic Mountain and Gustav von Aschenbach in Death in Venice.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 322 ], [ 322, 451 ], [ 452, 601 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The Night Watch [or Die Nachtwacht; accept The Shooting Company of Frans Banning Cocq or The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq and Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenburch Preparing to March Out before \"Frans Banning Cocq\" is mentioned]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A young child on the left side of this painting holds a horn, and a dog barks at a man beating a brown drum on the opposite end.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Night_Watch", "proto_id": "58b0b82b70b9154095718c76", "qanta_id": 99969, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "A young child on the left side of this painting holds a horn, and a dog barks at a man beating a brown drum on the opposite end. In this painting, a musketeer dressed in red stands in front of a man who hoists a large blue and yellow flag. A chicken dangles from the belt of a young girl whose (*) golden dress is illuminated near the lower left of this work. In its center, a man wearing a red sash gestures at a lieutenant wearing a white sash. For ten points, identify this painting by Rembrandt van Rijn that depicts the militia of Frans Banning Cocq.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 239 ], [ 240, 359 ], [ 360, 446 ], [ 447, 555 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Antonio Lucio Vivaldi", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer collected a set of concertos dedicated to Vettor Delfino in his La Stravaganza.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Antonio_Vivaldi", "proto_id": "58b0b82c70b9154095718c79", "qanta_id": 99972, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer collected a set of concertos dedicated to Vettor Delfino in his La Stravaganza. The Assyrian king Nebuchadnezzar sends Holofernes to seize the town of Bethulia in his only-surviving oratorio, Juditha triumphans. He wrote several compositions for the Ospedale della Piet\u00e0. Two violas in another of his works represent (*) barking dogs, and that set includes sections on singing cuckoos and a sleepy shepherd. Nicknamed \"The Red Priest,\" this composer wrote The Contest Between Harmony and Invention, which includes \"Spring\" and \"Winter\" concertos. For ten points, name this Italian Baroque composer of The Four Seasons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 225 ], [ 226, 285 ], [ 286, 421 ], [ 422, 560 ], [ 561, 632 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Republic of Chile", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One president of this country supplied his Caravan of Death with helicopters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chile", "proto_id": "58b0b82c70b9154095718c7f", "qanta_id": 99978, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One president of this country supplied his Caravan of Death with helicopters. That president also ordered his secret police, the DINA, to assassinate Orlando Letelier. Pedro de Valdivia was killed by native Mapuche in this country, which won a war caused by a tax on (*) saltpeter mining. As part of Operation Condor, one Marxist president of this country was ousted in a 1973 CIA-backed coup. This country, whose independence was orchestrated by Bernardo O'Higgins, won against Bolivia and Peru in the War of the Pacific. For ten points, identify this country once led by Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet from Santiago.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 167 ], [ 168, 288 ], [ 289, 393 ], [ 394, 522 ], [ 523, 625 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Noam Chomsky", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man names a hierarchy with Sch\u00fctzenberger whose Type-1 level can be interpreted with a linear bounded automaton.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Noam_Chomsky", "proto_id": "58b0b82c70b9154095718c87", "qanta_id": 99986, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man names a hierarchy with Sch\u00fctzenberger whose Type-1 level can be interpreted with a linear bounded automaton. In one work, this thinker defined the terms \"competence\" and \"performance.\" This man criticized Skinner's belief that children are conditioned to develop a (*) verbal behavior, and instead proposed an inherent acquisition device. This pioneer of the concept of transformational-generative grammar used the sentence \"Colorless green ideas sleep furiously\" to demonstrate that a meaningless sentence can be grammatically correct. Syntactic Structures was written by, for ten points, what MIT linguist?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 193 ], [ 194, 347 ], [ 348, 545 ], [ 546, 617 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Constantin Brancusi", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist created an oak monument called \"King of Kings\" for his \"Temple of Meditation,\" which was never built.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Constantin_Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i", "proto_id": "58b0b82c70b9154095718c9d", "qanta_id": 100008, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist created an oak monument called \"King of Kings\" for his \"Temple of Meditation,\" which was never built. This artist's other creations include an oval-shaped head lying on its side and a phallic depiction of a woman. The Sleeping Muse and Princess X were created by this artist, who also sculpted twelve chairs surrounding a limestone disk and a stack of 17 (*) rhomboidal modules as parts of an ensemble he created to commemorate World War I heroes at Targu-Jiu. This sculptor of The Table of Silence and The Endless Column created a series of works that portrays the nature of flight. For ten points, identify this Romanian sculptor of Bird in Space.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 225 ], [ 226, 472 ], [ 473, 595 ], [ 596, 661 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "four", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In an air column with one end closed, the wavelength of the first harmonic equals this multiple of the length of the air column.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "4", "proto_id": "58b0b82c70b9154095718cb8", "qanta_id": 100035, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "In an air column with one end closed, the wavelength of the first harmonic equals this multiple of the length of the air column. The magnetic permeability constant equals this coefficient of pi times ten to the negative seventh, and a typical Wheatstone bridge contains this many (*) resistors. The Stefan-Boltzmann law relates the power of blackbody radiation to this power of temperature. Maxwell names a set of this many equations governing electromagnetism, which is one out of this many fundamental forces in nature. For ten points, identify this number equal to the atomic mass of an alpha particle, which contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 294 ], [ 295, 390 ], [ 391, 521 ], [ 522, 646 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Islamic Republic of Iran [or Persia]", "category": "Current Events", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In January 2013, this country arrested 11 journalists working for the BBC and Voice of America.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iran", "proto_id": "58b0b82c70b9154095718cb9", "qanta_id": 100036, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In January 2013, this country arrested 11 journalists working for the BBC and Voice of America. During a 2012 speech to the U.N., one world leader protested this country's actions by drawing a red line on a cartoonish diagram of a bomb. That world leader later called an agreement concerning this country a \"historic mistake.\" That six-month-long interim agreement signed in Geneva allowed for greater oversight by the (*) IAEA in this country, which agreed to dilute all uranium enriched beyond 5%. For ten points, identify this country led by Hassan Rouhani, which in November 2013 reached an international deal to limit its nuclear program.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 95 ], [ 96, 236 ], [ 237, 325 ], [ 325, 499 ], [ 500, 643 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "stack", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The shunting-yard algorithm evaluates operators using this structure, which helps reduce memory access by leaving operators at the end of operands, a format known as reverse Polish notation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "CONFIG.SYS", "proto_id": "58b0b82c70b9154095718cbb", "qanta_id": 100038, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Computer Science", "text": "The shunting-yard algorithm evaluates operators using this structure, which helps reduce memory access by leaving operators at the end of operands, a format known as reverse Polish notation. The x87 floating point architecture organizes 8 registers into this structure that uses FXCH instructions to swap registers, although it may still encounter its namesake (*) \"overflows\" common to flat registers. One method to inspect but not modify these structures is the peek operation, although they fundamentally run by push and pop from the top. For ten points, identify these last-in-first-out data structures.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 190 ], [ 191, 402 ], [ 403, 541 ], [ 542, 607 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's novels, the narrator V. discovers that Nina Lecerf must have had a love affair with his half-brother.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vladimir_Nabokov", "proto_id": "58b0b82d70b9154095718cc7", "qanta_id": 100050, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one of this author's novels, the narrator V. discovers that Nina Lecerf must have had a love affair with his half-brother. This author of The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, also wrote a novel in which the narrator replaces a professor at Waindell University after Dr. Hagen departs for a more prestigious college. Another of his works includes a 999-line poem by (*) John Shade. This author of Pnin wrote about a character who participates in a play called The Enchanted Hunters, which is directed by Clare Quilty. In that novel, Humbert Humbert is obsessed with nymphets like Dolores Haze. For ten points, name this author of Pale Fire and Lolita.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 316 ], [ 317, 381 ], [ 382, 517 ], [ 518, 593 ], [ 594, 651 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Ralph Vaughan Williams", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this composer's pieces consists of six movements, each named after a verse from the Song of Solomon.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ralph_Vaughan_Williams", "proto_id": "58b0b82d70b9154095718cca", "qanta_id": 100053, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "One of this composer's pieces consists of six movements, each named after a verse from the Song of Solomon. This composer of Flos Campi included \"Song of the Exposition\" as the first movement to a work based on Leaves of Grass. Another of his symphonies incorporates music from a movie featuring Robert Scott's expedition. A (*) George Meredith poem inspired a work by this composer that uses ascending scales to depict the action of the title bird. This composer of A Sea Symphony named another piece after the composer of Spem in alium. For ten points, name this English composer of Sinfonia Antarctica, The Lark Ascending, and Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 227 ], [ 228, 322 ], [ 323, 449 ], [ 450, 538 ], [ 539, 667 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Cambodia [or Kampuchea]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This country's K5 Plan attempted to seal its western border by constructing a minefield known as the Bamboo Curtain.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cambodia", "proto_id": "58b0b82d70b9154095718ccc", "qanta_id": 100055, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This country's K5 Plan attempted to seal its western border by constructing a minefield known as the Bamboo Curtain. This country's \"dark ages\" saw its capital at Longvek captured by Ayutthaya. Its temple mountain of Bakong was constructed by Indravarman I, who led an empire founded by Jayavarman II. UNTAC restored peace in this country, which entered into a civil war soon after Norodom Sihanouk was deposed by (*) Lon Nol. That period of strife saw currency abolished, \"year zero\" established by Brother Number One, and land mines placed around Angkor Wat. For ten points, identify this country where Pol Pot once led the Khmer Rouge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 193 ], [ 194, 301 ], [ 302, 426 ], [ 427, 560 ], [ 561, 638 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Fran\u00e7ois Chopin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer's only cello sonata was dedicated to Auguste Franchomme and was written in G minor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric_Chopin", "proto_id": "58b0b82d70b9154095718ce9", "qanta_id": 100083, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer's only cello sonata was dedicated to Auguste Franchomme and was written in G minor. He also wrote a set of four works set in 6/4 and 6/8 time, one of which was inspired by the weather of Majorca. Another piece by this man is in D-flat major and is sometimes nicknamed after a (*) \"little dog\". Besides composing Fantaisie-Impromptu, this inventor of the ballade musical form wrote one work that is dominantly played on black keys and another that was written after the November Uprising. For ten points, name this Pocomposer, who, in addition to Minute Waltz and the Revolutionary Etude, wrote several polonaises, nocturnes, and mazurkas for the piano.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 209 ], [ 210, 307 ], [ 308, 501 ], [ 502, 666 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "unemployment", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "According to a theory developed by Milton Friedman and Edmund Phelps, an expansionary monetary policy does not change this quantity in the long run, where wages are not sticky.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Unemployment", "proto_id": "58b0b82d70b9154095718ceb", "qanta_id": 100085, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "According to a theory developed by Milton Friedman and Edmund Phelps, an expansionary monetary policy does not change this quantity in the long run, where wages are not sticky. The non-accelerating inflation rate of this quantity, which replaced the theory of its \"natural rate\", is equivalent to the Y-axis of the long-run (*) Phillips curve, whose short-run form posits a tradeoff between this quantity and inflation. The cyclical type of this occurs due to insufficient demand in the labor market, while the frictional type results when people move between jobs. For ten points, name this phenomenon in which people are unable to find work", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 176 ], [ 177, 419 ], [ 420, 565 ], [ 566, 642 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Alexander Pope", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author described \"The eternal sunshine of the spotless mind\" and noted that \"He best can paint 'em, who shall feel 'em most\" in one work.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alexander_Pope", "proto_id": "58b0b82d70b9154095718cf0", "qanta_id": 100090, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This author described \"The eternal sunshine of the spotless mind\" and noted that \"He best can paint 'em, who shall feel 'em most\" in one work. Another of his works asks, \"Who breaks a Butterfly upon a Wheel?\" This author of \"Eloisa to Abelard\" and \"Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot\" commented that (*) \"a little learning is a dangerous thing\" and that \"to err is human, to forgive Divine\" in another work. In a more famous poem by this man, Umbriel visits the Cave of Spleen before Lord Petre cuts a piece of Belinda's hair without her knowledge. For ten points, name this English author of \"An Essay on Man\" and the mock epic poem, The Rape of the Lock.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 142 ], [ 143, 208 ], [ 209, 397 ], [ 398, 538 ], [ 539, 646 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Edvard Munch", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one of this artist's paintings, a redheaded woman engages a man in an embrace in order to suck his blood.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edvard_Munch", "proto_id": "58b0b82e70b9154095718cff", "qanta_id": 100105, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "In one of this artist's paintings, a redheaded woman engages a man in an embrace in order to suck his blood. This artist also created a work in which one man stands against the back wall praying and a woman who wears a spotted black dress faces the viewer. In addition to Vampire and (*) Death in the Sickroom, which were part of his Frieze of Life, another painting by this artist includes a background reflecting the aftermath of Krakatoa's eruption. That painting depicts a man standing on a bridge holding his face and performing the title action against a blood-red sky. For ten points, name this artist who painted The Scream.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 256 ], [ 257, 452 ], [ 453, 575 ], [ 576, 632 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "dogs [do not accept or prompt on \"wolf\"]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The Teumessian Fox was turned into stone after being caught in a paradox with one of these animals, which was given to Procris by Minos.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Dog", "proto_id": "58b0b82e70b9154095718d0e", "qanta_id": 100120, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "The Teumessian Fox was turned into stone after being caught in a paradox with one of these animals, which was given to Procris by Minos. Quetzalcoatl's twin brother Xolotl was often depicted as a psychopomp with the head of this animal. Circe turned Scylla into a monster with six of this animal's heads protruding from her waist, and Odysseus was first recognized by one named (*) Argos upon his return to Ithaca. In Norse mythology, Tyr will be killed by one of these animals named Garm at Ragnarok. For ten points, name these animals, a three-headed one of which guarded Hades and was named Cerberus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 236 ], [ 237, 414 ], [ 415, 501 ], [ 502, 603 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "James Monroe", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "While Governor of Virginia, this man suppressed Gabriel Prosser's rebellion, and later he helped Robert Livingston negotiate the Louisiana Purchase.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Monroe", "proto_id": "58b0b82e70b9154095718d12", "qanta_id": 100124, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "While Governor of Virginia, this man suppressed Gabriel Prosser's rebellion, and later he helped Robert Livingston negotiate the Louisiana Purchase. After the Spanish foreign minister Luis de Onis and his Secretary of State John Quincy Adams signed a treaty, this president acquired Florida. His nearly (*) unanimous election in 1820 was indicative of the \"Era of Good Feelings\" during his term. The Clark Memorandum and Roosevelt Corollary were additions to one policy promulgated by this man. James Madison was succeeded by, for ten points, what president, who issued a doctrine prohibiting European nations from interfering in Latin America?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 148 ], [ 149, 291 ], [ 292, 395 ], [ 396, 494 ], [ 495, 644 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The Grapes of Wrath", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this novel, a police officer kills one character by crushing his skull with a pick-handle, and that character was arrested due to the outspokenness of Floyd Knowles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Grapes_of_Wrath", "proto_id": "58b0b82e70b9154095718d15", "qanta_id": 100127, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In this novel, a police officer kills one character by crushing his skull with a pick-handle, and that character was arrested due to the outspokenness of Floyd Knowles. Ivy and Sairy Wilson accompany the protagonist of this novel on a trip which Muley Graves refuses to attend. In that trip, (*) Connie Rivers abandons his wife Rose of Sharon. The former preacher Jim Casy is involved in a strike, and his friend Tom becomes a fugitive at the end of this novel after committing a murder. For ten points, name this work in which the Joad family travels to California from Oklahoma during the Great Depression, a novel written by John Steinbeck.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 168 ], [ 169, 277 ], [ 278, 343 ], [ 344, 487 ], [ 488, 643 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Cry, the Beloved Country", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel acquires a copy of the Gettysburg", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cry,_the_Beloved_Country", "proto_id": "58b0b82e70b9154095718d2e", "qanta_id": 100152, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One character in this novel acquires a copy of the Gettysburg Address after discussing with John Harrison and learning that his son is an admirer of Abraham Lincoln. Father Vincent consoles the protagonist about a crime that Johannes Pafuri planned in this work. Theophilus Msimangu sends a letter to the protagonist early in this work, inviting him to take care of his ill sister, (*) Gertrude. James helps renovate the town of Ndotsheni despite the death of his son, Arthur Jarvis. For ten points, identify this South African novel written by Alan Paton in which Stephen Kumalo's son, Absalom, is executed.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 165 ], [ 166, 262 ], [ 263, 395 ], [ 396, 483 ], [ 484, 608 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Immanuel Kant", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man wrote a work which compared historical religions to \"clothing\" and rational religions to \"bare humans.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Immanuel_Kant", "proto_id": "58b0b82e70b9154095718d34", "qanta_id": 100158, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man wrote a work which compared historical religions to \"clothing\" and rational religions to \"bare humans.\" Another one of his works proposed constitutional republics as a proper political means of attaining perpetual peace. This philosopher drafted three propositions regarding duty and authored a work which focuses on (*) a priori knowledge. He suggested following an unconditional, universal law that would function in all circumstances. For ten points, name this philosopher who wrote Critique of Pure Reason and introduced the categorical imperative in his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 229 ], [ 230, 349 ], [ 350, 446 ], [ 447, 608 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Justinian I [or Justinian the Great]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this man's generals won the Battle of Tricamarum, thereby forcing Gelimer and the Vandals out of northern Africa; that general later captured the Ostrogothic capital at Ravenna.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Justinian_I", "proto_id": "58b0b82f70b9154095718d42", "qanta_id": 100172, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One of this man's generals won the Battle of Tricamarum, thereby forcing Gelimer and the Vandals out of northern Africa; that general later captured the Ostrogothic capital at Ravenna. This man ended the inconclusive Iberian War by signing the Eternal Peace with Khosrau I. Tribonian compiled a (*) law code named after this man, whose reign saw Hypatius proclaimed emperor during an uprising at the Hippodrome between rival chariot-racing factions. This subject of Procopius' Secret History used Narses and Belisarius to put down the Nika Riots. For ten points, identify this husband of Theodora and Byzantine emperor who constructed the Hagia Sofia.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 449 ], [ 450, 546 ], [ 547, 651 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "halogens [accept group 17 or group VIIA]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One element from this group participates in the Auwers synthesis by interacting with the pi electrons of an alkene as part of an addition reaction, and these elements can bond with each other to form their \"inter-\" variety.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Halogen", "proto_id": "58b0b82f70b9154095718d46", "qanta_id": 100176, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One element from this group participates in the Auwers synthesis by interacting with the pi electrons of an alkene as part of an addition reaction, and these elements can bond with each other to form their \"inter-\" variety. They react with hydrocarbons using a free radical mechanism, and one type was used to synthesize the first (*) noble gas compound with platinum. It is the only group to have elements in all three states of matter at STP, and these elements have high electronegativity because they are one electron away from a complete shell. For ten points, identify this family of diatomic elements that includes astatine, bromine, and chlorine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 223 ], [ 224, 368 ], [ 369, 549 ], [ 550, 654 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Osiris [accept Usiris, Aser, or Wesir]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This god was once retrieved from a pillar in a palace at Byblos that later represented this god's spine as the Djed pillar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Osiris", "proto_id": "58b0b82f70b9154095718d59", "qanta_id": 100195, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This god was once retrieved from a pillar in a palace at Byblos that later represented this god's spine as the Djed pillar. During the Ptolemaic period, this god was replaced with a Greco-Egyptian hybrid called Serapis. This ruler of Duat wore the Atef crown and was commonly depicted as a (*) green-skinned mummy holding a flail and crook. His brother sealed him in a coffin with molten lead and dismembered his body into fourteen pieces, after which his wife Isis recovered thirteen of them. For ten points, identify this god who was killed by Set and became the Egyptian god of the underworld.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 219 ], [ 220, 340 ], [ 341, 493 ], [ 494, 596 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "diffusion", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In crystals, this process can occur via adatom hopping or quantum tunneling, which is an example of its \"surface\" variety observed in heterogenous catalysts.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "58b0b82f70b9154095718d70", "qanta_id": 100218, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "In crystals, this process can occur via adatom hopping or quantum tunneling, which is an example of its \"surface\" variety observed in heterogenous catalysts. Uranium hexafluoride undergoes this process during enrichment. Its namesake coefficient is equal to the product of mean free path and velocity. Its flux is equal to the negative of the (*) concentration gradient in a law named after Fick, and this process is observed as water moves across a semipermeable membrane through osmosis. For ten points, identify this process by which molecules move from a higher concentration to a lower one.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 157 ], [ 158, 220 ], [ 221, 301 ], [ 302, 489 ], [ 490, 595 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "kinetic energy [prompt on \"energy;\" do NOT accept \"potential energy\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The quantum mechanical operator for this quantity is negative h-bar divided by twice the mass times the Laplacian, and the virial theorem calculates the total amount of this quantity for a system of particles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Kinetic_energy", "proto_id": "58b0b82f70b9154095718d7e", "qanta_id": 100232, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The quantum mechanical operator for this quantity is negative h-bar divided by twice the mass times the Laplacian, and the virial theorem calculates the total amount of this quantity for a system of particles. By the equipartition theorem, it is equal to three halves Boltzmann constant times temperature. This quantity's rotational analogue is proportional to moment of inertia times angular (*) velocity squared, and the change in this quantity is equal to the total work. Its linear form is equal to one-half mass times velocity squared. For ten points, identify this energy of objects in motion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 209 ], [ 210, 305 ], [ 306, 474 ], [ 475, 540 ], [ 541, 599 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote a work in which Alexander's monologue about the nobility prevents the narrator from sleeping properly.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ivan_Turgenev", "proto_id": "58b0b83070b9154095718d8b", "qanta_id": 100245, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This author wrote a work in which Alexander's monologue about the nobility prevents the narrator from sleeping properly. He included \"Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky District\" in his collection A Sportsman's Sketches, and this author wrote a novel whose central character asserts that \"people are trees in a forest\" and later kisses another character after she hands him a rose. In that work, Pavel challenges the nihilist (*) Bazarov in a duel over Fenichka, and Arkady marries Katya instead of Madame Odintsova. For ten points, name this Russian author of Fathers and Sons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 373 ], [ 374, 508 ], [ 509, 570 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "water [accept H2O or dihydrogen monoxide early]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This compound is produced with graphite in the Bosch reaction, and organic reactions in this medium have been demonstrated to be faster than in toluene and cyclohexane by Sharpless.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Water", "proto_id": "58b0b83070b9154095718d8f", "qanta_id": 100249, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This compound is produced with graphite in the Bosch reaction, and organic reactions in this medium have been demonstrated to be faster than in toluene and cyclohexane by Sharpless. This compound notably has a solid-liquid boundary with a (*) negative slope on a phase diagram, and the absolute temperature scale is based on this compound's triple point. It is produced with carbon dioxide during combustion, and this molecule has a bent geometry and two lone pairs, allowing the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds that reduce its density when solid. For ten points, identify this \"universal solvent\" with formula H2O.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 181 ], [ 182, 354 ], [ 355, 552 ], [ 553, 615 ], [ 616, 620 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Hungary [accept Hungarian or Magyarorsz\u00e1g]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One composer from this country included the movements, \"With Drums and Pipes\" and \"The Night's Music\" in his work Out of Doors.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hungary", "proto_id": "58b0b83070b9154095718d94", "qanta_id": 100254, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "One composer from this country included the movements, \"With Drums and Pipes\" and \"The Night's Music\" in his work Out of Doors. A work dedicated to this nation included parts titled \"The Carnival of Pest\" and \"Heroide-Elegiaque.\" Another composer used (*) czardas as a base for his first movement in a collection of 21 compositions titled after this country. Judith discovers the ex-wives of the title character in the seventh door in Duke Bluebeard's Castle, an opera from this country. Bela Bartok is from, for ten points, what country which names a set of dances by Johannes Brahms and a set of nineteen rhapsodies by Franz Liszt?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 229 ], [ 230, 358 ], [ 359, 487 ], [ 488, 633 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Moses [or Moshe; or Musa]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man defeated the Amalekites by holding his hands up through the duration of the battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Moses", "proto_id": "58b0b83070b9154095718da6", "qanta_id": 100272, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man defeated the Amalekites by holding his hands up through the duration of the battle. This figure mounted a brass serpent on a pole to save his followers from snakebites. After this figure struck rock with his staff to create water, he was forbidden from crossing the (*) Jordan River. While living as a shepherd in Midian, this figure married Zipporah and spoke to God through a burning bush. This leader, who was succeeded by Joshua, wrote the Torah and received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai. For ten points, identify this Biblical figure who parted the Red Sea when leading the Israelites on their exodus from Egypt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 93, 177 ], [ 178, 292 ], [ 293, 400 ], [ 401, 508 ], [ 509, 633 ] ], "tournament": "LIST", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "liver", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This organ is held in place by the falciform [FAL-suh-form] ligament, and its round ligament is a remnant of the umbilical vein.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Liver", "proto_id": "58b0b83170b9154095718dbb", "qanta_id": 100293, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "This organ is held in place by the falciform [FAL-suh-form] ligament, and its round ligament is a remnant of the umbilical vein. Hemosiderin [hee-moe-SIH-deh-rin] is stored in this organ's Kupffer cells. This organ contains glucuronic [gloo-kyuh-RAH-nik] acid, which is used to make bilirubin [BIH-lee-roo-bin] soluble in water, which then goes to the gallbladder within bile. When this organ does not function, people's skin turns yellowish, a condition known as jaundice. Name this organ that filters blood and which is damaged in people with cirrhosis [sir-ROE-sis] or hepatitis.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 203 ], [ 204, 376 ], [ 377, 473 ], [ 474, 582 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Dorian Gray (accept either, prompt on \"Prince Charming\")", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This man was described as an artist's \"ideal of youth,\" and that artist dissuaded an elderly caller from pursuing this man.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray", "proto_id": "58b0b83170b9154095718dc4", "qanta_id": 100302, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This man was described as an artist's \"ideal of youth,\" and that artist dissuaded an elderly caller from pursuing this man. As a sign of reform, he chose to spare Hetty Merton. A sailor pursuing this man known as \"Prince Charming\" was warned at an opium den about his appearance; that sailor was James Vane, the brother of Sibyl [SIH-bul]. Name this owner of a magical painting that aged in lieu of its owner, created by Oscar Wilde.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 176 ], [ 177, 339 ], [ 340, 433 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "John Cage", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer did not allow a company to stage his Europera 4 without staging his Europera 3.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Cage", "proto_id": "58b0b83270b9154095718df2", "qanta_id": 100348, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer did not allow a company to stage his Europera 4 without staging his Europera 3. He used text from Finnegans Wake in his works Nowth upon Nacht, The Wonderful Widow of Eighteen Springs, and Roaratorio. This composer also created a series of five pieces called Imaginary Landscape, the fourth of which uses twelve radios. One of his pieces was first performed by David Tudor, who sat at a piano without playing it. Name this avant-garde composer of Four Minutes, Thirty-Three Seconds.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 214 ], [ 215, 333 ], [ 334, 426 ], [ 427, 496 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "San Francisco, California", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A 19th century mayor of this city, Henry Perrin Coon, was supported by a militia called the Committee of Vigilance.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "San_Francisco", "proto_id": "58b0b83270b9154095718df9", "qanta_id": 100355, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "A 19th century mayor of this city, Henry Perrin Coon, was supported by a militia called the Committee of Vigilance. The international meeting that formally established the UN was held in this city. This city's \"White Night Riot\" occurred following a trial which saw the use of the \"Twinkie defense.\" Dianne Feinstein became mayor of this city following Dan White's shooting of George Moscone [mos-KOE-nee] and Supervisor Harvey Milk. Name this California city, site of the Golden Gate Bridge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 197 ], [ 198, 298 ], [ 298, 299 ], [ 300, 433 ], [ 434, 492 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Portugal (accept Portugese Republic or Republica Portuguesa)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One king of this country was killed at the Battle of the Three Kings in a failed attempt to conquer Morocco.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Portugal", "proto_id": "58b0b83270b9154095718dff", "qanta_id": 100361, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One king of this country was killed at the Battle of the Three Kings in a failed attempt to conquer Morocco. The Castilian right to the throne of this country was lost at the Battle of Aljubarrota [ahl-joo-bah-ROE-tah], where English archers backed the forces of John the First of Aviz [ah-VEEZ]. The MFA launched a 1974 coup in this country known as the Carnation Revolution. It continued to support exploreers such as Vasco de Gama [GAH-mah] after the death of Henry the Navigator. Name this country where in 1755 an earthquake struck the capital, Lisbon.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 296 ], [ 297, 376 ], [ 377, 483 ], [ 484, 557 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Sergei Rachmaninoff", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a piece based on an Arnold Bocklin painting and the song Krisolov based on \"The Pied Piper.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Rachmaninoff", "proto_id": "58b0b83370b9154095718e25", "qanta_id": 100399, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer wrote a piece based on an Arnold Bocklin painting and the song Krisolov based on \"The Pied Piper.\" His 2nd piano concerto [kone-CHEER-toe] has a 2nd section opening with slow chords labeled \"Adagio sostenuto [ah-DAH-jyo soes-teh-NOO-toe] \u0096 Pi\u00f9 animato\", and he made cuts to his 3rd piano concerto to make it easier to play. The influence of Rimsky-Korsakov can be found in this composer's Symphonic Dances. Name this composer who wrote 24 variations of the 24th and final caprice [kuh-PREES] in his Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 337 ], [ 338, 420 ], [ 421, 545 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The Canterbury Tales (accept \"The Merchant's Tale\" until \"collection\")", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In this work, Pluto restores the sight of a blind man, while Proserpina [PROW-sur-pee-nah] gives that man's unfaithful wife a good excuse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Canterbury_Tales", "proto_id": "58b0b83370b9154095718e59", "qanta_id": 100451, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "In this work, Pluto restores the sight of a blind man, while Proserpina [PROW-sur-pee-nah] gives that man's unfaithful wife a good excuse. One story in this collection describes two mothers-in-law laying accusations of treachery against the daughter of a Roman emperor. In another, Absalom takes a hot iron to the buttocks of Nicholas, and in another a knight learns what women want. The storytellers in this work are journeying to the shrine of St. Thomas a Becket. Name this collection of stories penned by Geoffrey Chaucer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 269 ], [ 270, 383 ], [ 384, 466 ], [ 467, 526 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Indonesia", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One opposition party in this country, the PDIP, protested the election of Abdurrahman Wahid [wah-HEED] as president over Megawati Sukarnoputri [soo-KAHR-noe-poo-tree].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Indonesia", "proto_id": "58b0b83470b9154095718e68", "qanta_id": 100466, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One opposition party in this country, the PDIP, protested the election of Abdurrahman Wahid [wah-HEED] as president over Megawati Sukarnoputri [soo-KAHR-noe-poo-tree]. This country was for many years headed by Sukarno [soo-KAHR-noe] and then Suharto [soo-HAHR-toe]. This country's special forces formed the counter-terrorist force Detachment 88 in response to the 2002 bombing of a nightclub in Bali. Following a referendum, East Timor [tee-mor] voters chose independence from this nation. Name this Southeast Asian nation, the world's largest archipelago.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 265 ], [ 266, 400 ], [ 401, 489 ], [ 490, 556 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian Bach", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer worked on a set of eighteen choral preludes late in life, and his earlier similar collections are called the Sch\u00fcbler Chorales and the Orgelb\u00fcchlein [or-gel-BOO-kline].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "58b0b83470b9154095718e70", "qanta_id": 100474, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer worked on a set of eighteen choral preludes late in life, and his earlier similar collections are called the Sch\u00fcbler Chorales and the Orgelb\u00fcchlein [or-gel-BOO-kline]. Another work by this composer, containing an aria [AHR-ee-ah] and 30 variations, was published in 1741 and named for the student who first performed it. In another of his works, each major and minor key has a prelude and fugue [fyoog]. Name this composer of the Goldberg Variations and The Well-Tempered Clavier who also wrote the Brandenburg Concertos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 335 ], [ 336, 418 ], [ 419, 536 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This author wrote of an apparition of a man in a brown suit wearing slippers that curl up; the observer became convinced it was the Devil.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "F._Scott_Fitzgerald", "proto_id": "58b0b83470b9154095718e74", "qanta_id": 100478, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This author wrote of an apparition of a man in a brown suit wearing slippers that curl up; the observer became convinced it was the Devil. In one novel, this author wrote of the star of Daddy's Girl becoming romantically involved with a clinical psychologist who married Nicole Warren. This author of Tender is the Night and This Side of Paradise also wrote a novel narrated by Nick Carraway. Name this author of The Great Gatsby.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 285 ], [ 286, 392 ], [ 393, 430 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Aeschylus", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One of this writer's plays centers on maidens in Oriental clothing and holding wands.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aeschylus", "proto_id": "58b0b83470b9154095718e7c", "qanta_id": 100486, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classical", "text": "One of this writer's plays centers on maidens in Oriental clothing and holding wands. In that play, a king warns that Zeus would send a man-eating monster if the maidens were not protected. This author of The Suppliants described the ultimate fight between Eteocles [ee-tee-OE-klees] and Polyneices [pol-ih-NIGH-sees] in Seven Against Thebes [theebs]. Name this author who wrote of Agamemnon's family in the Oresteia trilogy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 85 ], [ 86, 189 ], [ 190, 351 ], [ 352, 425 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Walter Whitman, Jr.", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This poet wrote of his soul standing \"surrounded, in measureless oceans of space\" while observing a quiet creature.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Walt_Whitman", "proto_id": "58b0b83470b9154095718e80", "qanta_id": 100490, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "This poet wrote of his soul standing \"surrounded, in measureless oceans of space\" while observing a quiet creature. In another poem, this man wrote of \"the lady of this teeming and turbulent city, sleepless amid her ships.\" The author of \"A Noiseless Patient Spider\" and \"Drum-Taps,\" his poems written in honor of Abraham Lincoln include \"O Captain! My Captain!\" and \"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd.\" Name this author of the poetry collection Leaves of Grass.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 223 ], [ 224, 349 ], [ 350, 362 ], [ 363, 409 ], [ 409, 410 ], [ 411, 469 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Aztecs", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "New rulers of this empire, called \"Great Speakers,\" were obligated to lead \"coronation wars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aztec", "proto_id": "58b0b83470b9154095718e93", "qanta_id": 100509, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "New rulers of this empire, called \"Great Speakers,\" were obligated to lead \"coronation wars.\" One such war fought against the Olomites doomed Tizoc to a short reign. Their penultimate leader died during a smallpox epidemic following a cannibalistic ritual, but not before driving out invaders during La Noche Triste [NOE-chay TREES-tay]. Name these Nahuatl [nah-HWAH-tul] speakers who were conquered by forces under Hernan Cortes at Tenochtitlan [teh-noech-TEET-lahn].", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 92 ], [ 92, 165 ], [ 166, 337 ], [ 338, 356 ], [ 357, 468 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "ribosomes", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The structure of this organelle was described by Ada Yonath.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ribosome", "proto_id": "58b0b83570b9154095718ea7", "qanta_id": 100529, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The structure of this organelle was described by Ada Yonath. This organelle is responsible for the polymerization of microcins [MY-kroe-sins] and several other natural antibiotic polypeptides. George Emil Palade discovered that these organelles are often bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. These organelles have a namesake RNA. Name these organelles where protein molecules are assembled based on codons from RNA.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 60 ], [ 61, 192 ], [ 193, 296 ], [ 297, 334 ], [ 335, 420 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Pablo Picasso", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One work by this artist, showing armored soldiers on the right and naked villagers on the left, is Massacre in Korea.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pablo_Picasso", "proto_id": "58b0b83570b9154095718ec5", "qanta_id": 100559, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "One work by this artist, showing armored soldiers on the right and naked villagers on the left, is Massacre in Korea. Some of his works portray Dora Maar, including a work in which yellow and green is lacking from the center of the painting, The Weeping Woman. His work showing a musician looking down with his legs crossed is The Old Guitarist, which was part of his Blue Period. Name this artist who portrayed the destruction of the Spanish Civil War in Guernica.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 260 ], [ 261, 380 ], [ 381, 465 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Ovid (accept Publius Ovidius Naso)", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This person wrote that \"if prophecies of living birds are ever truthful, I shall be living, always.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ovid", "proto_id": "58b0b83570b9154095718ed4", "qanta_id": 100574, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classical", "text": "This person wrote that \"if prophecies of living birds are ever truthful, I shall be living, always.\" He wrote of two children of Aeolus [ay-OE-lus] having an incestuous relationship in one section of his Heroides [heh-ROE-ih-dees]. In one of this writer's poems, the speaker compares himself to Tiphys [TIH-fis] and Automedon [ow-toe-MEH-don]. He advocated seducing a maid to advance cause with a lady in Art of Love. Name this author of the Metamorphoses.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 212 ], [ 213, 231 ], [ 232, 343 ], [ 344, 417 ], [ 418, 456 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "(Alan) Turing", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This person's The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis modeled cell differentiation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alan_Turing", "proto_id": "58b0b83570b9154095718ed7", "qanta_id": 100577, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "This person's The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis modeled cell differentiation. A thesis originally named for somebody else states that any computable problem can be solved using a type of machine named for this person. The machine in that thesis originally named for Alonzo Church is only allowed to use a strip of tape. Name this person who imagined a computer able to carry on a conversation in a way that could not be distinguished from human conversation in his namesake test of artificial intelligence.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 219 ], [ 220, 321 ], [ 322, 508 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Salvador Dali", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This artist included two floating stepping stools and the title figure hovering above a floating pedestal in front of a swan in his work Leda Atomica [LAY-dah ah-TAH-mih-kah].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Salvador_Dal\u00ed", "proto_id": "58b0b83670b9154095718ee4", "qanta_id": 100590, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "This artist included two floating stepping stools and the title figure hovering above a floating pedestal in front of a swan in his work Leda Atomica [LAY-dah ah-TAH-mih-kah]. That work used his wife Gala [GA-lah] as a model, as did his work Galatea of the Spheres. His work showing skulls within the eye sockets and mouths of larger skulls is The Face of War. He showed ants crawling inside an orange timepiece in a work that included several other timepieces. Name this Spanish surrealist who painted The Persistence of Memory.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 175 ], [ 176, 265 ], [ 266, 360 ], [ 361, 461 ], [ 462, 529 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Gustav von Holst", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This composer wrote a choral work about an Indian poet who sends a message to his wife, The Cloud Messenger.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Gustav_Holst", "proto_id": "58b0b83670b9154095718eee", "qanta_id": 100600, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer wrote a choral work about an Indian poet who sends a message to his wife, The Cloud Messenger. A few years later, he used the gospels for The Hymn of Jesus. The first public performance of one of this composer's pieces was conducted by Adrian Boult, and its last section uses two women's choruses in an adjoining room. That work was originally titled Seven Pieces for Large Orchestra, and its last section is \"The Mystic.\" Name this composer who used astrology themes in his work The Planets.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 170 ], [ 171, 332 ], [ 333, 436 ], [ 437, 506 ] ], "tournament": "Masonic", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Anna Karenina", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this novel, a woman convalescing in Germany learns that her idol, Madame Stahl, only stays bedridden to avoid showing her short legs.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Anna_Karenina", "proto_id": "58b0b83770b9154095718f27", "qanta_id": 100657, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this novel, a woman convalescing in Germany learns that her idol, Madame Stahl, only stays bedridden to avoid showing her short legs. Two people in this novel get engaged after a game of communicating by writing the first letters of the words they want to say. The French psychic Landau convinces a bureaucrat in this novel not to grant his wife a divorce. Towards the end of this novel, a landowner finds faith after seeing lightning fell an oak and conversing with the peasant Fyodor. Stiva sends for his sister to help save his marriage to Dolly Oblonskaya at the beginning of this novel, which asserts that \"Every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.\" For 10 points, name this Leo Tolstoy novel about the lover of Count Vronsky.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 136 ], [ 137, 263 ], [ 264, 359 ], [ 360, 489 ], [ 490, 663 ], [ 664, 740 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Bertolt Brecht", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man wrote a one-act in which a new lamp lights up a seedy street called Lux in Tenebris.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Bertolt_Brecht", "proto_id": "58b0b83770b9154095718f3f", "qanta_id": 100681, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This man wrote a one-act in which a new lamp lights up a seedy street called Lux in Tenebris. A conversation this man had with Mark Blitzstein about \"prostitution\" in society inspired the Orson Welles-directed labor musical The Cradle Will Rock. In another of his plays, the apparently-dead Jussup pops back to life as soon as he hears that the draft is over, and an army called the Iron Shirts forces a woman to flee Georgia with her baby. This man employed the \"distancing effect,\" a principle of \"epic theater,\" and depicted Judge Azdak ruling in Grusha's favor in a maternity dispute. For 10 points, name this leftist German dramatist who wrote The Caucasian Chalk Circle and Mother Courage and Her Children.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 245 ], [ 246, 440 ], [ 441, 588 ], [ 589, 712 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "World War I [or the Great War]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Luigi Albertini's thesis about this event was challenged by Fritz Fischer, who used the Septemberprogramm as evidence of goals in it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "World_War_I", "proto_id": "58b0b83770b9154095718f40", "qanta_id": 100682, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Luigi Albertini's thesis about this event was challenged by Fritz Fischer, who used the Septemberprogramm as evidence of goals in it. A recent book by Christopher Clark claims to explain the \"how\" but not the \"why\" of this event. Arno Mayer argued that this event's cause was less foreign policy and more the aristocracy's attempt to maintain domestic power. Politicians after this event ended blamed its outcome on the \"November Criminals.\" Erich Ludendorff promulgated the Dolchstoss myth about its end, which claimed Jews and communists had undermined the government's efforts. For 10 points, name this event whose loser was assigned responsibility in the war guilt clause of the Treaty of Versailles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 229 ], [ 230, 358 ], [ 359, 441 ], [ 442, 580 ], [ 581, 704 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "David", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Serkan Ozkaya used gold-painted foam to reproduce this sculpture for the Istanbul Biennial, but it soon collapsed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David", "proto_id": "58b0b83870b9154095718f48", "qanta_id": 100690, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Serkan Ozkaya used gold-painted foam to reproduce this sculpture for the Istanbul Biennial, but it soon collapsed. The creator of this sculpture responded to a request for an alteration by climbing a ladder and then pretending to chisel as he threw dust around. The eyes of this sculpture initially faced towards Rome, until it was moved to the Galleria dell'Accademia and replaced with a replica at its original site in a public square outside the Palazzo della Signoria. Contrary to Biblical tradition, its subject is uncircumcised, and he carries a slingshot over his left shoulder. For 10 points, name this seventeen-foot-tall sculpture created from a single block of leftover marble by Michelangelo, and which depicts the slayer of Goliath.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 261 ], [ 262, 472 ], [ 473, 585 ], [ 586, 745 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "apoptosis", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A baculoviral family of proteins that inhibits this process contains BIR domains.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Apoptosis", "proto_id": "58b0b83870b9154095718f49", "qanta_id": 100691, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "A baculoviral family of proteins that inhibits this process contains BIR domains. During this process, scramblases move phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. One method of activating this process relies on signal transduction through a FADD domain. In follicular lymphoma, an 8 to 14 translocation upregulates a protein that inhibits this process, called Bcl-2. This process can be triggered by the binding of the Fas ligand or by release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria. This process is carried out by cysteine proteases called caspases, and it results in blebbing of the plasma membrane and laddering of DNA. For 10 points, name this process of neat, ordered cell death.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 81 ], [ 82, 183 ], [ 184, 274 ], [ 275, 387 ], [ 388, 503 ], [ 504, 642 ], [ 643, 704 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Emily Dickinson", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A poem by this author describes two characters who talk \"as kinsmen met at night\" until the moss reaches their lips.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Emily_Dickinson", "proto_id": "58b0b83870b9154095718f79", "qanta_id": 100735, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "A poem by this author describes two characters who talk \"as kinsmen met at night\" until the moss reaches their lips. This author wrote of the notched pencil of a dead friend in one poem, and described an \"onset\" when the \"King be witnessed - in the Room\" in another. This poet wrote, \"I signed away what portion of me be assignable\" and described how \"then the Windows failed\" in another poem. One of this author's poems mentions \"a House that seemed a swelling in the Ground\" and a \"School, where Children strove at recess.\" In that poem of hers, the speaker remembers the day \"I first surmised the Horses' heads were toward Eternity.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"I heard a Fly buzz - when I died\" and \"Because I could not stop for Death.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 266 ], [ 267, 393 ], [ 394, 525 ], [ 526, 636 ], [ 637, 748 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Russian Federation", "category": "Current Events", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The British Channel 4 documentary Hunted is set in this country.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "58b0b83970b9154095718f7e", "qanta_id": 100740, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "The British Channel 4 documentary Hunted is set in this country. Kris van der Veen and three other Dutch tourists were arrested in this country in July 2013 for violating Article 6.13.1. The Principle 6 campaign specifically targeted a law passed by this country. This country threatened to pull out of Eurovision after Conchita Wurst's recent victory. The mostly-defunct political party Yabloko is a protest voice in this country. This nation's president requested that visitors, \"leave the children in peace, please\" in January 2014. Weeks later, a mayor in this country explained that there were no homosexual inhabitants of his city. For 10 points, name this country which passed an \"anti-gay\" law in 2013 in the lead-up to the Winter Olympics it hosted in Sochi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 64 ], [ 65, 186 ], [ 187, 263 ], [ 264, 352 ], [ 353, 431 ], [ 432, 535 ], [ 536, 637 ], [ 638, 767 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "John the Baptist [prompt on John]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The Met's collection includes a series of scenes from the life of this man painted by Francesco Granacci.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_the_Baptist", "proto_id": "58b0b83970b9154095718fbb", "qanta_id": 100801, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "The Met's collection includes a series of scenes from the life of this man painted by Francesco Granacci. Salai was the model for the final painting by Leonardo da Vinci, which depicts this man pointing upwards. Caravaggio painted eight total depictions of this man, including one in which the only instance of the artist's signature is spelled out in this man's blood. This man was frequently painted holding either a staff or a very thin cross and wearing a camel's-hair shirt. This boy brings water in Christ in the House of His Parents, and he is the leftmost person in da Vinci's Madonna of the Rocks. For 10 points, name this saint who usually shows up in Western art with his mother Elizabeth or as a decapitated head presented by Salome.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 211 ], [ 212, 369 ], [ 370, 479 ], [ 480, 606 ], [ 607, 745 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Ezra Pound", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's poems, Simon Zealot claims, \"If they think they ha' slain our Goodly Fere", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ezra_Pound", "proto_id": "58b0b83a70b9154095718ffc", "qanta_id": 100865, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one of this man's poems, Simon Zealot claims, \"If they think they ha' slain our Goodly Fere they are fools eternally.\" Another of this author's poems mimics the song \"Go Lovely Rose\" by addressing a \"dumb-born book\" in the section \"Envoi.\" In another, a \"stirrer-up of strife\" declares, \"Damn it all! All this our South stinks of Peace!\" This author wrote, \"the age demanded an image of its accelerated grimace,\" and described a man whose \"true Penelope was Flaubert\" in one poem. This poet wrote the \"Pisan\" section of one work while being detained in a cage, and he described \"petals on a wet, black bough\" in a two line poem. For 10 points, name this poet of \"Hugh Selwyn Mauberley,\" \"In a Station of the Metro,\" and The Cantos.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 94 ], [ 95, 121 ], [ 122, 242 ], [ 243, 303 ], [ 304, 340 ], [ 341, 483 ], [ 484, 631 ], [ 632, 691 ], [ 691, 734 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "John Stuart Mill", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man anticipated Saul Kripke when he used \"Dartmouth\" as an example of names of purely denotative nature.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "John_Stuart_Mill", "proto_id": "58b0b83c70b9154095719060", "qanta_id": 100965, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This man anticipated Saul Kripke when he used \"Dartmouth\" as an example of names of purely denotative nature. He proposed inculcating democratic values among workers by making firms industrial cooperatives in his widely used textbook of political economy. This thinker defended a theory of ethics against claims it was a \"doctrine worthy only of swine,\" arguing that humans were capable of more than base, physical happiness. In another book, this man claimed power could only be exercised against another's will if the purpose was to protect others. This creator of the harm principle wrote a book arguing for women's suffrage which he co-wrote with his wife, Harriet Taylor. For 10 points, name this author of On Liberty.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 109 ], [ 110, 255 ], [ 256, 425 ], [ 426, 550 ], [ 551, 676 ], [ 677, 723 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Raphael Sanzio da Urbino [or Raphael Sanzio; prompt on da Urbino]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Joshua Reynolds added Gothic architecture to this man's masterpiece in a parody.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Raphael", "proto_id": "58b0b83c70b9154095719063", "qanta_id": 100968, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "Joshua Reynolds added Gothic architecture to this man's masterpiece in a parody. A student of this artist painted frescoes such as Fall of the Giants from Mount Olympus for the Palazzo de Te, and that student also designed the Palazzo itself. In his only major mythological scene, this artist depicted three putti training their bows on a nymph undergoing apotheosis. This teacher of Giulio Romano placed a tondo with the inscription \"Seek Knowledge of Causes\" above a painting that had an architectural background created by Bramante, who is represented as Euclid or Archimedes. He included two bored-looking cherubim at the bottom center of his Sistine Madonna. For 10 points, name this painter who included himself amongst classical luminaries in The School of Athens.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 80 ], [ 81, 242 ], [ 243, 367 ], [ 368, 579 ], [ 580, 663 ], [ 664, 771 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Aaron Copland", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A high B-flat flourish in the closing cadenza coda of a concerto by this composer was removed because it was too difficult for the soloist to read off a score.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Aaron_Copland", "proto_id": "58b0b83c70b9154095719075", "qanta_id": 100986, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "A high B-flat flourish in the closing cadenza coda of a concerto by this composer was removed because it was too difficult for the soloist to read off a score. This composer's sextet for string quartet, piano, and clarinet consists of material salvaged from a symphony he dedicated to Carlos Chavez, who also premiered a tone poem this man based on folk songs like \"La Jesusita\" and \"El Mosco.\" For conductor Eugene Goosens, this composer produced a piece that opens with loud percussion followed by the trumpets playing the rising notes F-B flat-F; that piece was inspired by Henry Wallace's optimistic speech on the outlook of the middle class. For 10 points, name this American composer of El Salon Mexico and Fanfare for the Common Man.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 159 ], [ 160, 393 ], [ 393, 394 ], [ 395, 646 ], [ 647, 740 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Republic of Poland", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This country employed a female security agent known as \"Bloody Luna.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Poland", "proto_id": "58b0b83d70b915409571907f", "qanta_id": 100996, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This country employed a female security agent known as \"Bloody Luna.\" In 1963, the last of its \"cursed soldiers\" was slain while trying to resist the government. This non-American country had an election which famously used an adapted poster from the movie High Noon, with Gary Cooper's character wearing a certain party's badge on his chest. That party's leader would later initiate \"war at the top\" as this country's president. A Senate was created here after the 1989 Round Table Agreement. In 2010, its president died in a plane crash while on his way to commemorate this country's victims in the Katyn Forest massacre during World War II. A president of this country was once an electrician who led protests at the shipyards in Gdansk. For 10 points, name this European country once led by Solidarity leader Lech Walesa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 68 ], [ 68, 161 ], [ 162, 342 ], [ 343, 429 ], [ 430, 493 ], [ 494, 643 ], [ 644, 740 ], [ 741, 825 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Joseph Maurice Ravel", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A contrabassoon solo opens a piece by this composer in which basses play arpeggios on open strings.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurice_Ravel", "proto_id": "58b0b83d70b915409571908f", "qanta_id": 101012, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "A contrabassoon solo opens a piece by this composer in which basses play arpeggios on open strings. This composer used a F-E-D-C sharp ostinato throughout the first movement of a piece that ends with a \"Feria.\" A \"Pantomime\" containing a famous flute solo and a popular \"Danse generale\" appear in the second suite from one of this composer's ballets, in which the bumbling cowherd Dorcon fails to court a shepherdess. Like Prokofiev, this composer of Rapsodie Espagnole wrote a Piano Concerto for the Left Hand for Paul Wittgenstein, and he composed a piece in which a repetitive melody is played over a snare drum ostinato. For 10 points, name this French composer of Daphnis et Chloe and Bolero.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 210 ], [ 211, 417 ], [ 418, 624 ], [ 625, 697 ] ], "tournament": "NASAT", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Spain", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A radical government in this country collapsed in a bribery scandal over Daniel Strauss's fixed roulette game, \"straperlo.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Spain", "proto_id": "58b0b83f70b91540957190e6", "qanta_id": 101099, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A radical government in this country collapsed in a bribery scandal over Daniel Strauss's fixed roulette game, \"straperlo.\" In this country, the JAP was the youth wing of the CEDA, a right-wing party that secretly controlled the left-wing Lerroux government. This country's left wing endured the \"black two years\" and went to war with itself during the May Days. Its PSOE and (*) POUM parties joined a left-wing Popular Front that won its 1936 elections. Shortly after that election, the socialist Manuel Aza\u00f1a government faced a July coup led by Emilio Mola, which led into a three-year war during which the Condor Legion bombed Guernica. For 10 points, name this European nation taken over by fascists after a 1936-1939 civil war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 122, 258 ], [ 259, 362 ], [ 363, 454 ], [ 455, 639 ], [ 640, 732 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Andrew Marvell", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This poet described a figure who \"Could by industrious valour climb /", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Andrew_Marvell", "proto_id": "58b0b84070b9154095719105", "qanta_id": 101130, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This poet described a figure who \"Could by industrious valour climb / To ruin the great work of time, / And cast the kingdom old / Into another mould\". This author wrote the lines \"But these, while I with sorrow pine, / Grew more luxuriant still and fine\". The title figure of a poem by him \"could not cease / In the inglorious arts of (*) peace.\" The speaker of another of his poems says that what he does to the grass, Julianna does to his thoughts and him. This poet of \"An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland\" and \"The Mower's Song\" suggests \"rolling up all our sweetness into one ball\" in a poem beginning \"Had we but world enough and time\". For 10 points, name this author of \"To His Coy Mistress\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 69 ], [ 70, 103 ], [ 104, 151 ], [ 152, 256 ], [ 257, 309 ], [ 310, 346 ], [ 346, 347 ], [ 348, 459 ], [ 460, 659 ], [ 660, 717 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Prague [or Praha]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Bronze sculptures of babies appear to crawl up and down this city's tallest building, a transmitter tower consisting of nine pods sandwiched between three pillars.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Prague", "proto_id": "58b0b84070b9154095719106", "qanta_id": 101131, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Bronze sculptures of babies appear to crawl up and down this city's tallest building, a transmitter tower consisting of nine pods sandwiched between three pillars. A Gothic cathedral in this city unusually has double-diagonal ribs spanning the choir-bay, forming the so-called net vaults, or Parler's vaults. This city is home to a statue with a gilded halo of five stars and palm, which is part of a continuous alley of thirty statues decorating this city's best-known bridge. Wavy windows and a \"pinched in\" glass half give a (*) skirt-like appearance to another of its buildings, whose unusual appearance resulted in the nickname \"Ginger and Fred.\" For 10 points, name this European capital home to Frank Gehry's Dancing House and the St. Vitus Cathedral, which honors the patron saint Wenceslaus.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 308 ], [ 309, 477 ], [ 478, 651 ], [ 652, 800 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "David Ricardo", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A \"revealed\" version of one of this man's concepts can be measured with the Balassa index.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Ricardo", "proto_id": "58b0b84070b9154095719125", "qanta_id": 101162, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "A \"revealed\" version of one of this man's concepts can be measured with the Balassa index. Joseph Schumpeter criticized John Maynard Keynes and this man for building abstract models, which constitutes his namesake \"vice.\" One of his theories is fleshed out in the Heckscher-Ohlin model. He posited that government spending has little effect on the decisions of consumers, which is his namesake (*) equivalence. He stated that an increase in the demand for labor occurring faster than the increase in population could raise wages, and considered a situation that arises when countries have different opportunity costs for producing a good. For 10 points, name this author of Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, who formulated the iron law of wages and the law of comparative advantage.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 90 ], [ 91, 220 ], [ 220, 286 ], [ 287, 410 ], [ 411, 638 ], [ 639, 794 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Romania", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Alexander Cuza promulgated the agrarian reform of this country before the \"monstrous coalition\" forced him out.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romania", "proto_id": "58b0b84070b9154095719126", "qanta_id": 101163, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Alexander Cuza promulgated the agrarian reform of this country before the \"monstrous coalition\" forced him out. Russia reinforced this country's local lords by imposing the Organic Statute on it in the 1830s. In the 20th century, the National Renaissance Front became its only legitimate party, under a king from the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Dynasty. Operation (*) Tidal Wave targeted the oil fields around this country's Ploesti area. Carol II was a king of this country that was home to the fascist Iron Guard. In the late 20th century, a communist dictator of this nation was executed along with his wife Elena on Christmas Day. For 10 points, name this Eastern European nation ruled until 1989 by Nicolae Ceausescu (chow-SHES-koo).", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 208 ], [ 209, 350 ], [ 351, 360 ], [ 361, 435 ], [ 436, 512 ], [ 513, 631 ], [ 632, 735 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Toni Morrison [or Chloe Ardelia Wofford]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's works, the narrator wonders whether the mute cook Maggie was really black, after a childhood friend calls her a bigot for kicking that cook.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Toni_Morrison", "proto_id": "58b0b84070b915409571912f", "qanta_id": 101172, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one of this author's works, the narrator wonders whether the mute cook Maggie was really black, after a childhood friend calls her a bigot for kicking that cook. In another of this author's works, a woman overhears the schoolteacher talk about \"characteristics\" and asks an ailing widow what that word means. State wards Roberta and Twyla switch beds every night while living at a shelter, and meet repeatedly throughout their lives in (*) \"Recitatif,\" this author's only short story. In a novel by this author, a spirit comes back to haunt 124 Bluestone Road after her mother kills her in Baby Suggs's backyard and nurses Denver with milk and her sister's blood. For 10 points, name this author who wrote about the escaped slave Sethe protecting her children by killing them in the novel Beloved.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 311 ], [ 312, 487 ], [ 488, 666 ], [ 667, 800 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "alcohol [or R-OH or R-hydroxyl until \"hydroxyl\" is read]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Reaction with tri-phenyl-phosphine and carbon tetrachloride converts these compounds into alkyl chlorides in the Appel reaction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Alcohol", "proto_id": "58b0b84070b9154095719141", "qanta_id": 101190, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Reaction with tri-phenyl-phosphine and carbon tetrachloride converts these compounds into alkyl chlorides in the Appel reaction. Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride can be used to remove silyl ether protecting groups of these compounds. They can be converted to a better leaving group through reaction with tosyl chloride to form a tosylate. On an IR spectrum, this functional group displays a strong, broad peak at 3200 to 3500 inverse centimeters. A solution of zinc chloride and hydrochloric acid is used to determine their presence in the (*) Lucas test. In an E1 mechanism, sulfuric acid dehydrates it to form alkenes. Primary ones can be oxidized to carboxylic acids with Jones's reagent, and to aldehydes with PCC. For 10 points, name this functional group characterized by a hydroxyl at the end.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 229 ], [ 230, 334 ], [ 335, 442 ], [ 443, 551 ], [ 552, 616 ], [ 617, 714 ], [ 715, 796 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Doppler effect [or Doppler shift]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a gas with a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, this effect transforms a sharp line into a Gaussian line profile.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Doppler_effect", "proto_id": "58b0b84170b915409571914f", "qanta_id": 101204, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "In a gas with a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, this effect transforms a sharp line into a Gaussian line profile. This effect is used to scan through frequencies to find resonances in gamma ray absorption in M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy. A Galilean transformation of the phase velocity gives the equation for the classical version of this effect, while its (*) transverse form occurs due to relativistic time dilation. When the sine of the Mach angle is less than one, this effect causes wave compression in front of a wave source. Wavelength shifts caused by this effect can be red or blue based on the direction of motion of a source of light. For 10 points, name this effect that changes the frequencies of receding and advancing wave sources.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 231 ], [ 232, 412 ], [ 413, 525 ], [ 526, 639 ], [ 640, 740 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Jean-Paul Sartre (SAHR-truh) [or Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this man's plays, a woman opens an envelope expecting to find a letter of thanks, but finds only a hundred-dollar bill.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Paul_Sartre", "proto_id": "58b0b84170b9154095719154", "qanta_id": 101209, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one of this man's plays, a woman opens an envelope expecting to find a letter of thanks, but finds only a hundred-dollar bill. In another of his works, a character wishes Peter would call her \"my glancing stream, my crystal girl\" as she watches him dance with Olga. A senator talks a woman into signing a statement falsely accusing a (*) black man of raping her in a play by him. One of his characters dies because her lover Florence turned on the gas while she was sleeping; another was shot while trying to run to Mexico to start a pacifist newspaper. For 10 points, name this author of The Respectful Prostitute, who wrote about Garcin, In\u00e8z, and Estelle realizing that \"hell is other people\" in his play No Exit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 129 ], [ 130, 268 ], [ 269, 382 ], [ 383, 556 ], [ 557, 719 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Republic of Colombia [or Republica de Colombia]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A politician from this country used the slogan \"I am not a man, I am a pueblo.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Colombia", "proto_id": "58b0b84170b9154095719172", "qanta_id": 101239, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A politician from this country used the slogan \"I am not a man, I am a pueblo.\" Plan Lazo was an attempt to disperse peasant enclaves in this country, which were referred to as the Marquetalia Republic. This country's Palace of Justice was laid under siege by members of the April 19th Movement, demanding that Belisario Betancur be put on trial. This country's Liberal and Conservative parties agreed to alternate between power, creating the (*) National Front. In this country's town of Ci\u00e9naga, the United Fruit company violently cracked down on strikers. The assassination of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan sparked a long-running conflict in this country called La Violencia. For 10 points, name this country where President Juan Manuel Santos is negotiating with FARC.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 202 ], [ 203, 346 ], [ 347, 462 ], [ 463, 558 ], [ 559, 669 ], [ 670, 763 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The Unbearable Lightness of Being [or Nesnesitelna lekhost byti]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One character in this novel is offended when an art critic thinks of Stendhal as \"day reading,\" because she thinks of him as \"night reading.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Unbearable_Lightness_of_Being", "proto_id": "58b0b84170b915409571917b", "qanta_id": 101248, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "One character in this novel is offended when an art critic thinks of Stendhal as \"day reading,\" because she thinks of him as \"night reading.\" Another character in this novel is fascinated by the thought that the \"Grand March of History\" had passed through the hall of a church in Amsterdam. After a third character in this novel refuses to retract an article in which he declares that his country's leaders should acknowledge their guilt like Oedipus, he becomes a (*) window washer. In one scene in this novel, a woman stands in front of a mirror while wearing nothing but her father's bowler hat. That character, a painter named Sabina, tells the protagonist's son, Simon, how his parents died. For 10 points, name this novel about Tomas and his wife Tereza in Communist-era Prague, by Milan Kundera.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 141 ], [ 142, 290 ], [ 291, 483 ], [ 484, 598 ], [ 599, 696 ], [ 697, 802 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "August Strindberg", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A character created by this author discovers signs of extraterrestrial life using a spectroscope, but is thought to be insane when his wife misreports that he used a microscope.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "August_Strindberg", "proto_id": "58b0b84270b915409571918e", "qanta_id": 101267, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "A character created by this author discovers signs of extraterrestrial life using a spectroscope, but is thought to be insane when his wife misreports that he used a microscope. That character is later put in a straitjacket after throwing a burning lamp at his wife. This author wrote a play in which a male character is made to jump over a riding whip twice, after which he ends his engagement with the title character. (*) Laura fights to maintain control of her daughter Bertha from the Captain in another play by him. In a play by him, a bird's head is chopped off while two characters prepare to run away from the Count. At the end of that play, the valet Jean gives the title character a razor blade, and she leaves to commit suicide. For 10 points, name this Swedish author of The Father and Miss Julie.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 177 ], [ 178, 266 ], [ 267, 420 ], [ 421, 521 ], [ 522, 625 ], [ 626, 740 ], [ 741, 810 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Fathers and Sons [or Fathers and Children; or Otsy I Deti]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this novel, one character is laughed at for reading the findings of the scientist Rademacher.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Fathers_and_Sons_(novel)", "proto_id": "58b0b84270b91540957191a7", "qanta_id": 101292, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In this novel, one character is laughed at for reading the findings of the scientist Rademacher. Another character in this novel proclaims that a picture of the Swiss Alps is interesting from a \"geological perspective.\" In this novel, a country farmer is laughed at for playing Schubert's \"Die Erwartung\" on the cello. A character in this novel wonders whether Pushkin was in the army, since \"he was always proclaiming 'To Arms!'\". (*) Sitnikov introduces two characters to Madame Odintzova in this novel, in which the servant Piotr witnesses a duel between a character who kissed Fenichka and Pavel. Arkady Kirasnov marries Katya in this novel, after botching an autopsy gives a fatal case of typhus to his nihilist friend Yevgeny Bazarov. For 10 points, name this novel about generational conflict by Ivan Turgenev.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 218 ], [ 218, 318 ], [ 319, 431 ], [ 432, 435 ], [ 436, 600 ], [ 601, 740 ], [ 741, 817 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Emile Durkheim [or David Emile Durkheim]", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a work, this thinker distinguished between states of opinions, which he called \"beliefs\", and determined modes of action, which he called \"rites\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "\u00c9mile_Durkheim", "proto_id": "58b0b84270b91540957191aa", "qanta_id": 101295, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In a work, this thinker distinguished between states of opinions, which he called \"beliefs\", and determined modes of action, which he called \"rites\". That work by him theorizes that religion was a so-called \"primordial matrix\" for culture, with collective representations and their societal respect forming a concept he called \"awe\", which is based on totemism. In his doctoral dissertation, he described crime as something that offends the states of the (*) \"collective conscience\", and its punishment as attempting to maintain \"mechanical solidarity\". This author of The Division of Labor in Society defined sociology as the objective study of \"social facts\". For 10 points, name this French sociologist, who wrote The Rules of Sociological Method and Elementary Forms of Religious Life.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 149 ], [ 150, 361 ], [ 362, 553 ], [ 554, 661 ], [ 662, 789 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Taoism [or Daoism; prompt on \"Tao te Ching\", \"Dao te Ching\", \"Zhuangzi\", or \"Laozi\" until \"Lao Zi\" is read]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Some of this religion's followers went on one of the earliest-known gluten-free diets to kill their \"three corpses.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Taoism", "proto_id": "58b0b84270b91540957191c0", "qanta_id": 101317, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "Some of this religion's followers went on one of the earliest-known gluten-free diets to kill their \"three corpses.\" A popular image shows this religion's founder smiling at the taste of vinegar that two other men dislike. A group of symbols important to this religion are sets of three horizontal lines distinguished by which lines are (*) broken or unbroken. This religion uses the \"uncarved block\" as a metaphor for undeveloped human nature. This religion of the Celestial Masters is symbolized by the Eight Trigrams and epitomized by the \"butterfly dream\" of one of its leaders. For 10 points, name this religion that values the concepts of te and wu wei, a Chinese belief system established by Lao Zi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 115, 116 ], [ 117, 222 ], [ 223, 360 ], [ 361, 444 ], [ 445, 582 ], [ 583, 706 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Max Weber", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker defined a concept \"formed by the one-sided accentuation of one or more points of view\", which he distinguished based upon their levels of abstraction.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Max_Weber", "proto_id": "58b0b84370b91540957191d4", "qanta_id": 101337, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This thinker defined a concept \"formed by the one-sided accentuation of one or more points of view\", which he distinguished based upon their levels of abstraction. He used the term \"eternal yesterday\" to describe a system that derives \"traditional legitimacy\" from its longevity. This creator of the (*) \"ideal type\", he defines the state as that which \"claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force\". He stated that the endpoint of bureaucratization and rationality is an \"iron cage\" in the same work where he described how growth in Western society was promoted by Calvinist theology. For 10 points, name this author of Politics as a Vocation and The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 163 ], [ 164, 279 ], [ 280, 415 ], [ 416, 600 ], [ 601, 713 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Sergei Rachmaninoff", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer later adapted the only one of his Fourteen Romances that was not set to a text.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sergei_Rachmaninoff", "proto_id": "58b0b84370b91540957191e0", "qanta_id": 101349, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer later adapted the only one of his Fourteen Romances that was not set to a text. Works nicknamed \"The Scene in the Fair\" and \"The Sea and the Seagulls\" are included in a collection of piano etudes by this composer. This composer dedicated his second piano concerto to Dr. Nikolai Dahl, whose therapy had rehabilitated him after the failure of his First Symphony. This composer of the Etudes (*) Tableaux composed a work whose opening is meant to mimic the sounds of Charon rowing on the river Styx and was based on an Arnold Bocklin painting. He wrote a set of 24 virtuosic variations for piano and orchestra on another composer's 24th Caprice in A-Minor. For 10 points, name this composer of the Isle of the Dead and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 93 ], [ 94, 227 ], [ 228, 375 ], [ 376, 405 ], [ 405, 407 ], [ 408, 555 ], [ 556, 668 ], [ 669, 763 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Sylvia Plath", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one poem by this author, the speaker describes \"Counting the red stars and those of plum-color\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sylvia_Plath", "proto_id": "58b0b84370b91540957191f7", "qanta_id": 101372, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "In one poem by this author, the speaker describes \"Counting the red stars and those of plum-color\". That poem by this author begins: \"I shall never get you put together entirely / Pieced, glued, and properly jointed\". One poem by this author declares: \"The child's cry / Melts in the wall. / And I / am the arrow\". This author described a \"Polish town / Scraped flat by the roller / Of wars, war, wars\" in one poem. This poet of \"The (*) Colossus\" described the title figure as \"Marble-heavy, a bag full of God\" and \"A man in black with a Meinkampf look\" in a poem based on her troubled relationship with her father Otto. For 10 points, name this American confessional poet whose collection Ariel includes \"Daddy\" and was published two years after her suicide.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 99 ], [ 100, 217 ], [ 218, 291 ], [ 292, 314 ], [ 315, 415 ], [ 416, 621 ], [ 622, 760 ] ], "tournament": "PADAWAN", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Russia [or Russian Empire; or Russian Federation; or Soviet Union; or USSR; or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; or Rossiyskaya Imperiya; or Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; or SSSR; or Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A thinker from this country argued that countries develop largely independently through \"uneven and combined development\" and rejected the idea that society must develop through predetermined stages, as in the \"two-stage model.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "58b0b84470b91540957191f8", "qanta_id": 101373, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "A thinker from this country argued that countries develop largely independently through \"uneven and combined development\" and rejected the idea that society must develop through predetermined stages, as in the \"two-stage model.\" Another philosopher from this country used examples from his field research, such as burying beetles, to argue that the cooperative aspect of evolution had been under-emphasized by Social Darwinists. The author of (*) Mutual Aid was from this country, as was a philosopher who cited the example of a munitions factory revolt as part of his theory arguing that keeping a certain system \"in one country\" would be impossible. A theorist from this country argued that a \"vanguard party\" would be needed to maintain the revolution in the pamphlet, What Is To Be Done? For 10 points, name this home country of Peter Kropotkin and Vladimir Lenin.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 228 ], [ 229, 428 ], [ 429, 651 ], [ 652, 791 ], [ 792, 868 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Pompey the Great [or Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "According to Plutarch, this man had a brief debate on providence with Cratippus of Pergamon after losing one battle.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pompey", "proto_id": "58b0b84470b91540957191ff", "qanta_id": 101380, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Classical", "text": "According to Plutarch, this man had a brief debate on providence with Cratippus of Pergamon after losing one battle. One structure built by this man on the Campus Martius had a temple to Venus Victrix and was Rome's first permanent theatre. This man failed to win the battle of Sucro because he didn't wait for Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, who he had been sent to reinforce in the (*) Sertorian War. Lucullus lost the command against Mithridates to this man via the Manilian Law. This man stayed in Rome with his wife Julia after becoming the governor of Hispania Ulterior via a political alliance that also allowed him settle his veterans from campaigns such as his war against the Mediterranean pirates. For 10 points, name this Roman general who formed the First Triumvirate along with Crassus and Julius Caesar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 240 ], [ 241, 403 ], [ 404, 483 ], [ 484, 709 ], [ 710, 819 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Grignard reagents", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A method of measuring the concentration of these compounds is titrating with 1,10-phenanthroline.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Grignard_reaction", "proto_id": "58b0b84470b915409571921e", "qanta_id": 101411, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "A method of measuring the concentration of these compounds is titrating with 1,10-phenanthroline. Reacting one of these compounds with triethyl orthoformate is the first step of the Bodroux-Chichibabin synthesis. Adding these compounds to a nitrile forms an imine, which then can be hydrolyzed into a ketone. These compounds give both 1,4- and 1,2-addition to alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyls, necessitating the use of (*) Gilman reagents or alkyllithium reagents. Two equivalents of these compounds are required to add to an ester, and depending on the application they can be stored in either THF or diethyl ether. More commonly one equivalent are used to form a new carbon-carbon bond with a carbonyl carbon and leave an alcohol. For 10 points, name these magnesium halide containing reagents named for a French chemist.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 97 ], [ 98, 212 ], [ 213, 308 ], [ 309, 464 ], [ 465, 616 ], [ 617, 732 ], [ 733, 823 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Michael Foucault", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This philosopher noted that \"the absence of a work of art\" was Antonin Artaud's version of one concept that he exemplified with an engraving by Sebastian Brandt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michel_Foucault", "proto_id": "58b0b84670b915409571924c", "qanta_id": 101457, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This philosopher noted that \"the absence of a work of art\" was Antonin Artaud's version of one concept that he exemplified with an engraving by Sebastian Brandt. This philosopher argued that the birth of modern literature came with a process of \"the return of language\" which occurred alongside \"the birth of man.\" This philosopher opened one of his books by noting the superimposition found in a model's gaze in a work of (*) art in which the painter is looking back at us. This philosopher noted that, as leprosy died off, the literary \"ship of fools\" became commonplace in a book arguing that the insane were treated with kindness during the Renaissance. He analyzed Las Meninas in the opening of a book that attempts to be \"An Archaeology of the Human Sciences.\" For 10 points, name this French author of Madness and Civilization and The Order of Things.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 161 ], [ 162, 314 ], [ 315, 474 ], [ 475, 657 ], [ 658, 766 ], [ 767, 858 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Portugal [or the Portuguese Republic; or Republica Portuguesa]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In this country, the so-called Kingdom of Traulitania was created by a brief restoration called the Monarchy of the North.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Portugal", "proto_id": "58b0b84670b915409571925e", "qanta_id": 101475, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In this country, the so-called Kingdom of Traulitania was created by a brief restoration called the Monarchy of the North. Several bombings took place during a so-called \"Hot Summer\" in this country while it democratized during the \"ongoing revolutionary process.\" In this country, Freedom Day commemorates its first democratic elections and a military uprising that each took place on April 25th. For a while, this country's government maintained an island-based prison camp at (*) Tarrafal. The left-wing Armed Forces Movement was from this country, whose rule of one of its colonies was opposed by FRELIMO. This country's Carnation Revolution deposed a government led by Marcelo Caetano, the successor of Antonio Salazar. For 10 points, name this European country where an Estado Novo was set up, much like in its former colony of Brazil.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 264 ], [ 265, 397 ], [ 398, 492 ], [ 493, 609 ], [ 610, 724 ], [ 725, 841 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "RNA [or ribonucleic acid; accept more specific answers like mRNA or tRNA; do NOT accept \"DNA\"]<", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The quality of a sample of this molecule is assessed using the RIN algorithm and Agilent's Bioanalyzer.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "RNA", "proto_id": "58b0b84670b915409571925f", "qanta_id": 101476, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The quality of a sample of this molecule is assessed using the RIN algorithm and Agilent's Bioanalyzer. Lithium chloride is often used to precipitate this molecule out of ethanol solutions, and its concentration is measured by taking 40 times its optical density at 260 nanometers. It can be isolated in the aqueous phase if and only if acidic phenol-chloroform is used. Alwine, Kemp, and Stark developed a method of visualizing this molecule that uses a formamide-containing transfer buffer and a formaldehyde-containing agarose gel. This molecule can form pseudoknots, tetraloops, and (*) stem loops or hairpins. This molecule is visualized in Northern Blots. This molecule's two-prime hydroxyl group makes it both more reactive and more unstable than its counterpart. For 10 points, name this often single-stranded nucleic acid that uses uracil instead of thymine.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 281 ], [ 282, 370 ], [ 371, 534 ], [ 535, 614 ], [ 615, 661 ], [ 662, 770 ], [ 771, 867 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Mexico [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A people from this modern-day country believed the storm god became chief god after passing a test of fire.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mexico", "proto_id": "58b0b84770b9154095719280", "qanta_id": 101509, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A people from this modern-day country believed the storm god became chief god after passing a test of fire. Warriors who died in this modern-day country were thought to accompany the rising sun in the east. In a legend originating in this country, a woman must wander the world searching for her drowned children forever, constantly weeping. Worshippers from this modern-day country wore flayed skins in honor of a god of fertility. Blue (*) paint was applied to the foreheads of victims of waterborne disease and drowning in this modern-day country, since they were bound south for the realm of a storm god who married a goddess with a jade skirt. This country is the origin of the rain god Cocijo, as well as the underworlds of Mictlan and Tlalocan. For 10 points, name this country, the home of legends about La Llorona, La Malinche, and the conquest of the Aztecs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 108, 206 ], [ 207, 341 ], [ 342, 432 ], [ 433, 648 ], [ 649, 751 ], [ 752, 868 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Socialist Republic of Vietnam [or Cong hoa Xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Ptolemy's Kattigara is thought to correspond to a site in this country whose name means \"glass canal.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vietnam", "proto_id": "58b0b84870b91540957192bf", "qanta_id": 101568, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Ptolemy's Kattigara is thought to correspond to a site in this country whose name means \"glass canal.\" The northern part of what is now this country was home to some of the Yue people. This country contains the site of Oc Eo, which is thought to be a later capital of the Funan kingdom. Emperor Zhenzong of Song was sent rice that allowed two harvests as tribute from a kingdom in what is now this country, where General Ma Yuan was dispatched to put down a (*) rebellion. That rebellion's leaders are typically depicted riding side by side on elephants while fighting against the forces of the Han dynasty, which was responsible for killing one of their husbands. For 10 points, name this modern-day country home to the Trung sisters, who repelled the Chinese from what is now Hanoi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 101, 184 ], [ 185, 286 ], [ 287, 472 ], [ 473, 664 ], [ 665, 784 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "three [or san; or word forms, such as third]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This is the numerical ranking among the Beauties of Jinling held by the Imperial Concubine Yuanchun.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "3", "proto_id": "58b0b84870b91540957192d0", "qanta_id": 101585, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This is the numerical ranking among the Beauties of Jinling held by the Imperial Concubine Yuanchun. In that work, key characters such as one who reincarnated from a divine flower first appear in a chapter of this number. This is the number among the 36 Heavenly Spirits for the chief strategist of the Liangshan bandits, \"Resourceful Star\" Wu Yong. This was the number of stages in the Longzhong Plan proposed by (*) Zhuge Liang. At the Battle of Hulao Pass, this is the number of heroes who were able to chase off Lu Bu. Earlier in the same work, that same group of this many people takes the Peach Garden Oath. In Journey to the West, Xuanzang has this many supernatural disciples. For 10 points, name this number that, in a Luo Guanzhong historical romance, describes the number of post-Han dynasty kingdoms.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 221 ], [ 222, 349 ], [ 350, 430 ], [ 431, 522 ], [ 523, 613 ], [ 614, 684 ], [ 685, 812 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This philosopher criticized the \"pragmatic\" method of one subject for attempting to provide moral lessons that it argues leaders never listen to, a method he considered as part of that subject's \"reflective\" approach.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel", "proto_id": "58b0b84870b91540957192e1", "qanta_id": 101602, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This philosopher criticized the \"pragmatic\" method of one subject for attempting to provide moral lessons that it argues leaders never listen to, a method he considered as part of that subject's \"reflective\" approach. This philosopher presented the state, civil society, and family as respectively representing moments of individuality, particularity, and universality. This philosopher also presented the state as the union of the \"subjective particular\" with an \"objective universal\" in a (*) compilation of lectures that claims Africa has not exhibited development. This philosopher, who formulated the concept of \"ethical life\", described a \"struggle to the death\" in which self-conscious beings recognize each other in a passage called the \"master-slave dialectic.\" For 10 points, name this author of The Philosophy of Right and The Phenomenology of Spirit.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 217 ], [ 218, 369 ], [ 370, 568 ], [ 569, 770 ], [ 771, 862 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Otto I [or Otto the Great; accept just Otto after \"the Great\"]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Widukind of Corvey plagiarized a speech from Maccabees and attributed it to this man, who fought in a battle detailed in the Annals of St. Gall.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "proto_id": "58b0b84870b91540957192e7", "qanta_id": 101607, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Widukind of Corvey plagiarized a speech from Maccabees and attributed it to this man, who fought in a battle detailed in the Annals of St. Gall. Gerhard's biography of St. Ulrich also contains many details of the reign of this man, who suppressed revolts by Conrad of Lotharingia and his half-brother Thankmar. After an escape from the castle of Lake Garda and the poisoning of Lothair II, he married (*) Adelaide and became king of the Lombards. This ruler descended into Italy in order to fight the usurper Berengar II and this ruler appointed his brother as archbishop of Cologne. This man relieved the siege of Augsburg before defeating forces led by Lel and Bulcsu. This victor at the Battle of Lechfeld was the son of Henry the Fowler and was crowned by Pope John XII in 962. For 10 points, name this first Germanic Holy Roman Emperor with the epithet \"the Great\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 310 ], [ 311, 446 ], [ 447, 583 ], [ 584, 670 ], [ 671, 781 ], [ 782, 869 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Jorge Luis Borges [or Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of this author's characters awaits the coming of his \"redeemer\" and speaks of nine men who come every nine years", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jorge_Luis_Borges", "proto_id": "58b0b84870b91540957192f2", "qanta_id": 101618, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One of this author's characters awaits the coming of his \"redeemer\" and speaks of nine men who come every nine years so he can \"deliver them from evil\". Another of his characters encounters a blind beggar in a mosque who relieves him of the burden of some constantly-multiplying stones. This author created a character who is revealed by Theseus to be the Cretan Minotaur. This author of \"Blue Tigers\" also wrote a story whose protagonist evades the pursuit of Captain (*) Richard Madden by visiting the house of Dr. Stephen Albert, who is delighted to meet a descendant of Ts'ui Pen. Another story by this author of \"The House of Asterion\" describes an endless universe of hexagonal rooms containing all possible books. For 10 points, name this Argentine author of Ficciones who wrote \"The Garden of Forking Paths\" and \"The Library of Babel\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 152 ], [ 153, 286 ], [ 287, 372 ], [ 373, 584 ], [ 585, 720 ], [ 721, 843 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Richard Wagner", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A five-movement song cycle by this composer begins by recalling childhood stories of angels and was later orchestrated by Felix Mottl, including \"Im Treibhaus\" or \"In the Greenhouse.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Richard_Wagner", "proto_id": "58b0b84970b91540957192fb", "qanta_id": 101627, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "A five-movement song cycle by this composer begins by recalling childhood stories of angels and was later orchestrated by Felix Mottl, including \"Im Treibhaus\" or \"In the Greenhouse.\" This composer included \"Tra\u00fcme,\" or \"Dreams,\" in his Wesendonck Songs, and a melody from that song is referenced in the duet \"O Sink Hernieder\" in one of his operas. Another work by him follows the last of the Roman (*) tribunes, who dies in the burning Capitol building. This composer of Rienzi also wrote a work in which Telramund accuses the Duchess of Brabant of murder, and Elsa dies after asking the title knight of Arthur his name; this work includes his \"Bridal Chorus.\" For 10 points, name this German composer of Lohengrin and Tristan and Isolde, best known for his Ring Cycle.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 182, 349 ], [ 350, 455 ], [ 456, 662 ], [ 663, 771 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "cholesterol", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Levels of this molecule in the liver are reduced by HMG CoA [koh-ay] reductase inhibitors, better known as statins.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cholesterol", "proto_id": "58b0b84a70b915409571931c", "qanta_id": 101659, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Levels of this molecule in the liver are reduced by HMG CoA [koh-ay] reductase inhibitors, better known as statins. This molecule, which is transported through the circulatory system by lipoproteins, is a precursor of vitamin D and estrogen. A build-up of this waxy substance can cause (*) atherosclerosis, the hardening of arteries. For 10 points, name this modified steroid molecule whose LDL, or low-density, form is known as its \"bad\" type for its role in heart disease.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 115 ], [ 116, 241 ], [ 242, 333 ], [ 334, 474 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Achilles", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Zeus wanted to wed this figure's mother until a prophecy foretold that this figure would become greater than his father.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Achilles", "proto_id": "58b0b84a70b915409571933b", "qanta_id": 101690, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "Zeus wanted to wed this figure's mother until a prophecy foretold that this figure would become greater than his father. After his death, Ajax and Odysseus fought over his armor. (*) Paris killed this friend of Patroclus with a carefully aimed arrow, even though his mother had protected him as a child by dipping him in the river Styx. For 10 points, name this Greek mythical hero whose only vulnerability was his heel.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 178 ], [ 179, 336 ], [ 337, 420 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "The Awakening", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A parrot in this novel shrieks \"Allez Vous-en!\" [ah-LAY voo ZON] at passing cottage guests, and this novel's protagonist cries upon hearing Mademoiselle Reisz's [rize's] piano playing.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Awakening_(Chopin_novel)", "proto_id": "58b0b84a70b915409571933c", "qanta_id": 101691, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "A parrot in this novel shrieks \"Allez Vous-en!\" [ah-LAY voo ZON] at passing cottage guests, and this novel's protagonist cries upon hearing Mademoiselle Reisz's [rize's] piano playing. The protagonist compares herself to the motherly Adele Ratignolle [rah-tih-nyoll] in her marriage to L\u00e9once. She has an affair with Alc\u00e9e Arobin [ah-roh-BAN] and falls in love with (*) Robert Lebrun, which ultimately leads to her suicide in the Gulf of Mexico. For 10 points, identify this novel about Edna Pontellier [pon-tell-ee-ay], a work by Kate Chopin [shoh-PAN].", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 293 ], [ 294, 445 ], [ 446, 554 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "ozone (accept O3 before \"triatomic\" is read)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Amounts of this substance are measured by the GOMOS instrument.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ozone", "proto_id": "58b0b84a70b9154095719342", "qanta_id": 101697, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "Amounts of this substance are measured by the GOMOS instrument. This substance is created in the coronal discharge method, although ultraviolet generation methods are used for sanitation of swimming pools. The Montreal Protocol protects this substance by limiting production of (*) CFCs. This substance in the stratosphere absorbs most solar UV radiation. For ten points, name this triatomic oxygen molecule found in a protective atmospheric layer.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 63 ], [ 64, 205 ], [ 206, 287 ], [ 288, 355 ], [ 356, 448 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "George Gershwin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Clara sings that \"Fish are jumpin' and the cotton is high\" in this composer's song \"Summertime.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "George_Gershwin", "proto_id": "58b0b84b70b915409571934c", "qanta_id": 101707, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "Clara sings that \"Fish are jumpin' and the cotton is high\" in this composer's song \"Summertime.\" He included bongos and maracas in his Cuban Overture, and he wrote songs like \"Embraceable You\" with his brother (*) Ira. He improvised the piano part at the 1924 premiere of his most famous work, a fusion of classical music and jazz. For 10 points, name this American composer of Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 218 ], [ 219, 331 ], [ 332, 414 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Hades (accept Pluto before \"Greek\" is read)", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one myth, this figure fell in love with Leuce and turned her into a white poplar tree after her death.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hades", "proto_id": "58b0b84b70b915409571935b", "qanta_id": 101722, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "In one myth, this figure fell in love with Leuce and turned her into a white poplar tree after her death. Pirithous tried to abduct this god's wife, and was consequently trapped in a rock for eternity. This god abducted his wife from (*) Demeter and forced her to stay with him after she ate pomegranate seeds. For 10 points, name this husband of Persephone, the Greek god of a namesake underworld.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 105 ], [ 106, 201 ], [ 202, 310 ], [ 311, 398 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Edward Hopper", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "A barber pole sits in front of a row of businesses in this man's Early Sunday Morning.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Edward_Hopper", "proto_id": "58b0b84b70b9154095719387", "qanta_id": 101766, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "A barber pole sits in front of a row of businesses in this man's Early Sunday Morning. A small red teapot is on the table between two women at a restaurant in his Chop Suey. This artist of (*) Automat painted an ad for five-cent Phillies cigars in another of his works. In that painting, two men and a woman are being served inside a well-lit, doorless diner. For 10 points, name this American painter of Nighthawks.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 86 ], [ 87, 173 ], [ 174, 269 ], [ 270, 359 ], [ 360, 416 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Romeo and Juliet", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Balthasar delivers a sad message in this work, and Benvolio tries to broker peace between two factions.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Romeo_and_Juliet", "proto_id": "58b0b84b70b915409571938a", "qanta_id": 101769, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "Balthasar delivers a sad message in this work, and Benvolio tries to broker peace between two factions. Before being killed by the \"Prince of Cats,\" one character in this play describes Queen Mab, and (*) Tybalt's death causes his killer's exile from Verona. Friar Lawrence marries the title characters, whose joint suicide reconciles the Montague and Capulet families. For 10 points, identify this Shakespearean tragedy about \"a pair of star-cross'd lovers.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 200 ], [ 201, 204 ], [ 205, 258 ], [ 259, 369 ], [ 370, 459 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Republica Argentina (accept Argentina Republic)", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "The descamisados gathered outside this country's Casa Rosada to support one of its leaders.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Argentina", "proto_id": "58b0b84c70b91540957193c0", "qanta_id": 101822, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The descamisados gathered outside this country's Casa Rosada to support one of its leaders. Thousands of people were \"disappeared\" in this country's Dirty War, which ended after its military was ousted from power following their invasion of the Malvinas and ensuing loss to (*) Great Britain in the Falkland War. For 10 points, name this South American country, whose president Juan Peron and wife Eva, known as Evita, ruled from its capital of Buenos Aires.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 312 ], [ 313, 458 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "friction", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "This force can decrease with increasing velocity in an effect named for Stribeck, and it is described by Amonton's laws.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Friction", "proto_id": "58b0b84c70b91540957193c6", "qanta_id": 101828, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This force can decrease with increasing velocity in an effect named for Stribeck, and it is described by Amonton's laws. Magnetic levitation avoids the \"rolling\" type of this force typically experienced by cars. The (*) coefficient for this force, symbolized \u03bc [mew], relates the magnitude of this force to the normal force. For 10 points, name this force, whose static and kinetic types arise from resistance to motion.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 120 ], [ 121, 211 ], [ 212, 324 ], [ 325, 420 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Canada", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "One leader of this country when asked how far he would go to maintain order responded well, just watch me.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Canada", "proto_id": "58b0b84d70b91540957193f1", "qanta_id": 101871, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "One leader of this country when asked how far he would go to maintain order responded well, just watch me. After giving that statement that leader invoked the use of the War Measures Act to bring an end to the (*) October Crisis. In this country's namesake caper it participated in a joint operation with the CIA to rescue six American Diplomats from Iran. For 10 points, name this North American country whose capital city is Ottawa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 229 ], [ 230, 356 ], [ 357, 434 ] ], "tournament": "SCOP Novice", "year": 2014 }, { "answer": "Charlemagne [or Karl der Grosse; or Carolus Magnus; or Charles the Great; or Charles I of France; prompt on just \"Charles\"]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This ruler's desire for musical reform probably spurred the creation of the first musical symbols, \"neumes.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charlemagne", "proto_id": "58b0b85870b9154095719644", "qanta_id": 102465, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This ruler's desire for musical reform probably spurred the creation of the first musical symbols, \"neumes.\" This ruler promoted education, especially literacy for monks, in documents like the Admonitio generalis. His reign included the birth of what became modern lowercase letters. He made (*) Alcuin of York the head of his court's school in Aachen, bringing about his namesake \"Renaissance.\" His biography was written by Einhard. One of his subordinates was killed at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass and became the star of the Chanson de Roland. For 10 points, name this grandson of Charles Martel, a Carolingian ruler who was crowned \"Emperor of the Romans\" in 800.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 107 ], [ 107, 213 ], [ 214, 283 ], [ 284, 395 ], [ 396, 433 ], [ 434, 546 ], [ 547, 667 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Second Boer War [or Tweede Boerenoorlog; or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog; do NOT accept \"First Boer War\"]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "During this war, the relief of the town of Kimberley started a rise in fortunes for John French and Douglas \"Butcher\" Haig.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Second_Boer_War", "proto_id": "58b0b85970b9154095719655", "qanta_id": 102482, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "During this war, the relief of the town of Kimberley started a rise in fortunes for John French and Douglas \"Butcher\" Haig. The Fawcett Commission investigated so-called \"refugee camps\" set up during the last stage of this war, in which diseases such as measles and typhoid ravaged the camp population. A (*) telegram sent by Kaiser Wilhelm II to the State President of one country involved in this war, Paul Kruger, stirred public fury in the other country involved. In this war, a 217-day siege took place at Mafeking, and it was preempted by the Jameson raid. For 10 points, name this conflict between the British and a namesake group of Dutch settlers.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 123 ], [ 124, 302 ], [ 303, 467 ], [ 468, 562 ], [ 563, 656 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Baruch Spinoza [or Benedict de Spinoza; or Benedictus de Spinoza; or Benedito de Espinosa]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This philosopher argued that our intuition about God was the only way we could have true, or \"adequate,\" ideas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Baruch_Spinoza", "proto_id": "58b0b85970b9154095719658", "qanta_id": 102485, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This philosopher argued that our intuition about God was the only way we could have true, or \"adequate,\" ideas. He divided nature into \"substances,\" \"attributes,\" and \"modes\" in a work that opens with fifteen axiomatic propositions. This philosopher argued that the Torah could not have been entirely written by Moses in his (*) Tractatus Theologico- Politicus. He called the control our passions have over us \"bondage,\" and he claimed that God and Nature are the same thing, thus opposing the dualism of his contemporary Descartes. For 10 points, name philosopher who wrote a \"geometrically ordered\" Ethics and was kicked out of Dutch Jewish society.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 111 ], [ 112, 232 ], [ 233, 361 ], [ 362, 532 ], [ 533, 651 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Auguste Rodin", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of this artist's larger creations contains a scene of a father crouching over his sons as they all starve to death at the orders of the Archbishop.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Auguste_Rodin", "proto_id": "58b0b85970b915409571965c", "qanta_id": 102489, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "One of this artist's larger creations contains a scene of a father crouching over his sons as they all starve to death at the orders of the Archbishop. Another work by this teacher of Camille Claudel was considered so lifelike that he was accused of casting a live model into bronze. In addition to the group of Ugolino and his Sons, he also created a group of six French lords with (*) ropes around their necks walking to their execution. His massive sculptural group The Gates of Hell once contained The Kiss and includes a depiction of a man sitting on a rock with his head on his fist. For 10 points, name this French sculptor of The Burghers of Calais and The Thinker.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 151 ], [ 152, 283 ], [ 284, 439 ], [ 440, 589 ], [ 590, 673 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "France", "category": "Trash", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Desserts from this country include the caramel-custard-and-meringue \"floating island,\" which is also called \"eggs in snow.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "France", "proto_id": "58b0b85970b915409571966e", "qanta_id": 102507, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "Desserts from this country include the caramel-custard-and-meringue \"floating island,\" which is also called \"eggs in snow.\" Savory dishes from this country are often based on a mixture of chopped celery, onions, and carrots. A chef from this country put raspberry sauce on vanilla ice cream and peaches and named it after soprano Nellie Melba. Many sauces from it are based on flour cooked in butter, a (*) roux [\"roo\"]. A chef from this country codified its five \"mother sauces,\" including B\u00e9chamel and Hollandaise. Dishes from this country include thin filled pancakes which are set on fire, or flamb\u00e9ed, called Cr\u00eape Suzette. For 10 points, name this European birthplace of Brie and croissants.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 122, 123 ], [ 124, 224 ], [ 225, 343 ], [ 344, 420 ], [ 421, 516 ], [ 517, 628 ], [ 629, 697 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "entropy [prompt on \"S \" until mentioned]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This quantity decreases when ionic solids dissolve in water, because the ions become hydrated, although this quantity normally increases when a substance dissolves.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Entropy", "proto_id": "58b0b85970b915409571966f", "qanta_id": 102508, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This quantity decreases when ionic solids dissolve in water, because the ions become hydrated, although this quantity normally increases when a substance dissolves. The steps of the Carnot cycle keep either temperature or this quantity constant. At constant temperature and pressure, it equals enthalpy minus Gibbs free energy, all over (*) temperature. This quantity is zero only for a perfect crystal at zero kelvin, and it is generally equal to natural log of the number of microstates, times Boltzmann's constant. It cannot decrease spontaneously, by the second law of thermodynamics. For 10 points, name this thermodynamic quantity denoted \"S \" that represents the amount of disorder in a system.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 245 ], [ 246, 353 ], [ 354, 517 ], [ 518, 588 ], [ 589, 701 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "protons [prompt on \"p\"]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "It has been theorized that these particles can decay into a neutral pion and a positron, though this has never been observed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Proton", "proto_id": "58b0b85970b9154095719678", "qanta_id": 102517, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "It has been theorized that these particles can decay into a neutral pion and a positron, though this has never been observed. These particles have a half life of at least 10-to-the-32 years. These particles are created along with electrons in beta-minus decay. They decay into a neutrino, a positron, and a (*) neutron in beta-plus decay. The ratio of the mass of this particle to that of its negatively charged counterpart is over 1800. These particles are made of two up quarks and one down quark. Ernest Rutherford discovered alpha particles, thereby discovering these particles. For 10 points name these positively-charged particles, found in the nucleus with neutrons.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 125 ], [ 126, 190 ], [ 191, 260 ], [ 261, 338 ], [ 339, 437 ], [ 438, 499 ], [ 500, 582 ], [ 583, 673 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Sylvia Plath", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "n one poem, this author states that \"the stars go waltzing out in blue and red\" and parenthetically admits, \"I think I made you up inside my head.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sylvia_Plath", "proto_id": "58b0b85970b915409571967b", "qanta_id": 102520, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "n one poem, this author states that \"the stars go waltzing out in blue and red\" and parenthetically admits, \"I think I made you up inside my head.\" This poet claims to be \"the arrow, the dew that flies\u0085into the red Eye, the cauldron of morning,\" and one of her poems tells (*) Herr Doctor that \"I rise with my red hair and I eat men like air.\" This poet conjured \"a man in black with a Meinkampf look\" before declaring that \"every woman adores a fascist.\" For 10 points, identify this American author of \"Ariel\" and \"Daddy\" who committed suicide a month after the publication of her novel about Esther Greenwood, The Bell Jar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 146, 276 ], [ 277, 342 ], [ 342, 343 ], [ 344, 455 ], [ 456, 626 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Michel Foucault [\"foo-KOH\"]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This philosopher claimed that \"philology,\" \"biology,\" and \"economics\" did not exist before Kant in a work about the \"Human Sciences.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Michel_Foucault", "proto_id": "58b0b85970b9154095719680", "qanta_id": 102525, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This philosopher claimed that \"philology,\" \"biology,\" and \"economics\" did not exist before Kant in a work about the \"Human Sciences.\" He called the basic intellectual assumptions of an era its episteme. This philosopher described his method as \"archaeological.\" One of his books opens with an analysis of (*) Las Meninas, while another gorily describes the public torture of Robert-Fran\u00e7ois Damiens. He called how nations control their subject's bodies \"biopower,\" and he characterized repressive modern societies as a kind of Panopticon. For 10 points, name this 20th-century French philosopher, who wrote The History of Sexuality, The Order of Things, and Discipline and Punish.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 133 ], [ 134, 202 ], [ 203, 261 ], [ 262, 399 ], [ 400, 538 ], [ 539, 680 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Islamic Republic of Iran [accept Persia]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Jews from this modern country traditionally whip each other with scallions during Passover.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Iran", "proto_id": "58b0b85a70b915409571969d", "qanta_id": 102554, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "Jews from this modern country traditionally whip each other with scallions during Passover. A religious prophet received a vision from a maid of heaven while in a dungeon in this country. Many members of one faith fled from here to India while carrying a fire. The New Year in this country features the Haft-Sin and fire-jumping and is called (*) Nowruz. Bahaullah was from this country, home to a religion that features Ahura Mazda as the divine creator. Shia Islam spread in this country under the Safavids. For 10 points, name this modern-day country home to Zoroastrianism and more recent religious leaders like Ayatollah Khomeini.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 91 ], [ 92, 187 ], [ 188, 260 ], [ 261, 354 ], [ 355, 455 ], [ 456, 509 ], [ 510, 635 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Vienna [or Wien; accept Vienna Secession]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "An art movement from this city issued the magazine Ver Sacrum.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vienna", "proto_id": "58b0b85a70b91540957196ac", "qanta_id": 102569, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "An art movement from this city issued the magazine Ver Sacrum. An artist from this city depicted a half-dressed Judith with a barely-visible head of Holofernes. A painting in this city includes sections like \"Paradise Chorus.\" Oskar Kokoschka spent his early career in it, and Egon Schiele was from it. In one painting, an artist from this city used black rectangles and flower-colorful ovals to represent \"Man\" and \"Woman.\" That artist from this city painted many (*) eyes on the dress of Adele Bloch-Bauer, and used gold leaf throughout the Beethoven Frieze and The Kiss. For 10 points, name this home of an expressionist \"secession\" led by Gustav Klimt.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 62 ], [ 63, 160 ], [ 161, 226 ], [ 227, 302 ], [ 303, 424 ], [ 425, 573 ], [ 574, 656 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "pianofortes [or fortepianos]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A sonata for this instrument begins by arpeggiating a C major triad up to G; then leaps down to B; then a rapid \"C-D-C.\" Concerti for this instrument have nicknames like \"Jeunehomme,\" \"Coronation,\" and \"Elvira Madigan.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Piano", "proto_id": "58b0b85a70b91540957196b5", "qanta_id": 102577, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "A sonata for this instrument begins by arpeggiating a C major triad up to G; then leaps down to B; then a rapid \"C-D-C.\" Concerti for this instrument have nicknames like \"Jeunehomme,\" \"Coronation,\" and \"Elvira Madigan.\" Clementi and Czerny [\"churny\"] wrote books of etudes for this instrument. A sonata for this instrument was supposedly inspired by The (*) Tempest, and the \"Emperor\" concerto and the \"Hammerklavier\" sonata were written for it. Mozart wrote 27 concertos to show off his skill on it, and Beethoven wrote 32 sonatas for it. For 10 points, name this instrument, for which Mozart wrote variations on the tune of \"Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star,\" as well as a \"Rondo Alla Turca.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 219 ], [ 220, 293 ], [ 294, 445 ], [ 446, 539 ], [ 540, 690 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Sparta", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This polity's young men were involved in a secret police force, the Crypteia.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Sparta", "proto_id": "58b0b85b70b91540957196e3", "qanta_id": 102622, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This polity's young men were involved in a secret police force, the Crypteia. It was ruled by the Agiads and the Eurypontids in a dual monarchy. Forces from this place were largely responsible for the victory at Plataea, led by the general Pausanias. This polity lost prominence after its defeat by Thebes in the Battle of Leuctra. Freemen of this polity went through the grueling agoge (*) educational system, which was created by Lycurgus. Most of the menial labor in this polity was done by helots. For 10 points, name this Greek city-state known for its serious militarism, demonstrated by a Leonidas-led force of three hundred men at the Battle of Thermopylae.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 77 ], [ 78, 144 ], [ 145, 250 ], [ 251, 331 ], [ 332, 441 ], [ 442, 501 ], [ 502, 665 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Las Meninas [or The Maids of Honor; or The Ladies-in-Waiting]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "The figure just left of center in this painting is viewed in almost perfect profile and has a butterfly-shaped pin in her hair.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Las_Meninas", "proto_id": "58b0b85b70b91540957196e6", "qanta_id": 102625, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "The figure just left of center in this painting is viewed in almost perfect profile and has a butterfly-shaped pin in her hair. In the background of this painting, several paintings are too dark to see, but we can see a man in the corridor standing on two different steps and the artist's patrons in a mirror. In this painting, a kneeling girl gives the central figure a golden tray with a red glass on it, while a girl to her right (*) curtsies and looks sidelong at the viewer. At the far left of this painting is a giant canvas and the artist himself; at its far right, there is a dog, and a dwarf with his foot on it. For 10 points, name this painting depicting the retinue of the young daughter of Philip IV, by Diego Velazquez.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 127 ], [ 128, 309 ], [ 310, 479 ], [ 480, 621 ], [ 622, 733 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "chromatography [accept any specific type of chromatography]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This technique sometimes uses a porous monolithic rod or an \"open tubular\" tube, and it often uses silica gel or alumina as a packing material.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chromatography", "proto_id": "58b0b85b70b91540957196f7", "qanta_id": 102642, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This technique sometimes uses a porous monolithic rod or an \"open tubular\" tube, and it often uses silica gel or alumina as a packing material. Large molecules like proteins and polymers are often analyzed with the size-exclusion type of it. In forensics, this technique is performed on gases and followed with mass spec in (*) GC-MS. High pressures are applied to the mobile phase in a type of this abbreviated HPLC. In one family of this technique, the retention factor measures the ratio between the distance moved by the spot and the solvent. For 10 points, column, thin layer, and paper are all types of what technique for separating mixtures?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 143 ], [ 144, 241 ], [ 242, 334 ], [ 335, 417 ], [ 418, 546 ], [ 547, 648 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Russia", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One composer from this country wrote two string quartets, in A Major and D Major, the second of which includes his \"Nocturne.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Russia", "proto_id": "58b0b85b70b9154095719704", "qanta_id": 102655, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "One composer from this country wrote two string quartets, in A Major and D Major, the second of which includes his \"Nocturne.\" Another composer from this country had violins imitate guitars in a work that contains a \"Scene and gypsy song,\" two \"Alboradas,\" and a \"Fandango asturiano.\" That composer from this country used weird time signatures like \"two-one\" and \"five-two\" in an overture depicting the (*) Easter Festival here. Some Polovetsian Dances from this country were reorchestrated by the composer of Capriccio Espagnol and Scheherazade. For 10 points, name Eastern European country home to the \"Mighty Five,\" including Alexander Borodin and Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 126 ], [ 127, 283 ], [ 283, 428 ], [ 429, 546 ], [ 547, 675 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Kingdom of Cambodia [or Pre\u0103h R\u00e9ach\u00e9anach\u00e2k K\u00e2mp\u016dch\u00e9a]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "A polity in this present-day country used the baray irrigation system and declared independence from \"Java\" under Jayavarman II.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Cambodia", "proto_id": "58b0b85b70b9154095719705", "qanta_id": 102656, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "A polity in this present-day country used the baray irrigation system and declared independence from \"Java\" under Jayavarman II. That polity in this country fought against its eastern neighbor, Champa, and built the world's largest religious monument. It was bombed in Operations Menu and Freedom Deal in a continuation of nearby Operation Rolling Thunder. Its king Sihanouk was deposed by (*) Lon Nol. A communist regime that took over this country in 1975 conducted mass executions of intellectuals at the Killing Fields, including near the Angkor Wat. For 10 points, identify this state in Southeast Asia, ruled from 1975 to 1979 by dictator Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 251 ], [ 252, 356 ], [ 357, 402 ], [ 403, 554 ], [ 555, 667 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Johann Sebastian Bach [or J.S. Bach; don't accept any other Bach]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "One of this composer's keyboard works is in 3/8, beginning with: a D Minor scale up to B-Flat; a low C-sharp; then back down the scale from B-Flat again.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Sebastian_Bach", "proto_id": "58b0b85c70b9154095719729", "qanta_id": 102692, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "One of this composer's keyboard works is in 3/8, beginning with: a D Minor scale up to B-Flat; a low C-sharp; then back down the scale from B-Flat again. He put a hand crossing-heavy Gigue at the end of his B-Flat major first partita for harpsichord. One of his concertos is scored for violin, two recorders, and strings, while another omits violins and includes violas da gamba. He included a D Minor (*) chaconne at the end of one of his Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin. He also wrote a D Minor concerto for two violins. His keyboard works include sets of two- and three-part inventions. For 10 points, name this composer of six cello suites, the Brandenburg Concertos, and The Well-Tempered Clavier.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 153 ], [ 154, 250 ], [ 251, 379 ], [ 380, 477 ], [ 478, 527 ], [ 528, 567 ], [ 568, 594 ], [ 595, 707 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Titian [or Tiziano Vicelli(o)]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Early on, this artist painted a right-side view of a man with a billowing, blue, quilted sleeve.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Titian", "proto_id": "58b0b85c70b9154095719731", "qanta_id": 102700, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "Early on, this artist painted a right-side view of a man with a billowing, blue, quilted sleeve. He daringly balanced one of his paintings by putting the Madonna and child on the right side and a bright red flag on the left. This painter of the Pesaro Madonna probably learned his famously good handling of color from (*) Giorgione, and he is the most famous painter of the Venetian school. One of his paintings depicts two maids rummaging in a chest in the background and a curled-up dog at the foot of a flower-holding reclining nude woman. For 10 points, name this Renaissance painter of Venus of Urbino.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 96 ], [ 97, 224 ], [ 225, 390 ], [ 391, 542 ], [ 543, 607 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Sir Isaac Newton", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man used Divine intervention to explain anomalies that were later accounted for in Laplace's calculus of variations.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Isaac_Newton", "proto_id": "58b0b85c70b9154095719739", "qanta_id": 102708, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This man used Divine intervention to explain anomalies that were later accounted for in Laplace's calculus of variations. As part of this man's studies of alchemy, he translated the Emerald tablet, and he thought the world would end after 2060. In his more serious scientific endeavors, he related an object's temperature and the ambient temperature to its rate of (*) cooling. He gave a mathematical basis to Kepler's laws of planetary motion in his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, which also contains his universal law of gravitation. For 10 points, name this English scientist who developed three laws of motion and discovered calculus concurrently with Leibniz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 244 ], [ 245, 377 ], [ 378, 550 ], [ 551, 679 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Johannes Brahms", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This composer's three piano sonatas are in C Major, F-sharp Minor and F Minor, and his three violin sonatas are in G Major, A Major, and D Minor.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johannes_Brahms", "proto_id": "58b0b85c70b915409571973d", "qanta_id": 102712, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer's three piano sonatas are in C Major, F-sharp Minor and F Minor, and his three violin sonatas are in G Major, A Major, and D Minor. Late in life, he wrote two sonatas for clarinet or viola and piano, as well as a B-minor clarinet quintet. This composer used the choral \"St. Anthony\" in his Variations on a Theme by (*) Haydn. He hated Liszt's \"music of the future,\" and Wagner hated this \"conservative\" composer's music. One of his choral works begins \"Selig sind, die da Leid tragen.\" His first symphony, which his friend Clara Schumann disliked, was nicknamed \"Beethoven's Tenth.\" For 10 points, name this composer of A German Requiem and twenty-one Hungarian Dances.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 252 ], [ 253, 339 ], [ 340, 434 ], [ 435, 498 ], [ 498, 499 ], [ 500, 596 ], [ 597, 683 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Mauryan Empire", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This empire's irrigation projects included Sudarshana Lake in Kathiawar.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Maurya_Empire", "proto_id": "58b0b85c70b915409571973e", "qanta_id": 102713, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This empire's irrigation projects included Sudarshana Lake in Kathiawar. Capitals in this empire included Taxila and Ujjain. Megasthenes was an ambassador to this empire. This empire came between the Nanda and the Sunga. A ruler of this empire built a pillar at Sarnath featuring four (*) lions. This empire's founder fought off an invasion by Seleucus, and was advised by Chanakya, who might be the Kautilya who wrote the Arthashastra. After a bloody conquest of Kalinga, a ruler of this empire decided to promote Buddhism throughout his kingdom. For 10 points, name this Indian empire ruled by Ashoka and Chandragupta.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 72 ], [ 73, 124 ], [ 125, 170 ], [ 171, 220 ], [ 221, 295 ], [ 296, 436 ], [ 437, 547 ], [ 548, 620 ] ], "tournament": "BHSAT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Hermann Hesse", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "In one work by this author, Leo abandons the members of the League, who include Paul Klee and Plato; that work is Journey to the East.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermann_Hesse", "proto_id": "58b0b85d70b9154095719753", "qanta_id": 102734, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one work by this author, Leo abandons the members of the League, who include Paul Klee and Plato; that work is Journey to the East. Pistorius teaches Emil Sinclair in this author's Demian, while a work set in Castalia sees Joseph Knect occupy the position of (*) Magister Ludi. Along with The Glass Bead Game, he wrote a work about a friend of Govinda who learns enlightenment from a ferryman and in another a visit to the Magic Theater follows Harry Haller's identification with the title man-beast. What German author, for 10 points, wrote the self-discovery themed works Siddhartha and Steppenwolf?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 280 ], [ 281, 503 ], [ 504, 604 ] ], "tournament": "JAMES", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "glaciers (prompt on \"ice sheet\" before it is read)", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "HS", "first_sentence": "Bulb-like lobes are evident in this entity's Malaspina example, which is one of the Piedmont types of this body.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Glacier", "proto_id": "58b0b85d70b9154095719754", "qanta_id": 102735, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Bulb-like lobes are evident in this entity's Malaspina example, which is one of the Piedmont types of this body. The absence of these bodies leads to isostatic rebound after initial crust subsidence. Holes known as moulins may occur in these bodies, and elongated hills called (*) drumlins can be formed by these bodies. Ablation zones are regions where these bodies lose mass, and the tracks of debris they leave behind are called moraines. The majority of the world's fresh water is contained in these bodies, examples of which include ice sheets. Icebergs break off of, for 10 points, what large moving masses of ice?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 112 ], [ 113, 199 ], [ 200, 320 ], [ 321, 441 ], [ 442, 549 ], [ 550, 620 ] ], "tournament": "JAMES", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Vincent van Gogh [or Vincent Willem van Gogh]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A still life by this man is distinguished from an ordinary \"thing,\" and contrasted with the poem \"The Roman Fountain\" by C. F. Meyer, in Martin Heidegger's essay \"The Origin of the Work of Art.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Vincent_van_Gogh", "proto_id": "58b0b85e70b9154095719758", "qanta_id": 102739, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "A still life by this man is distinguished from an ordinary \"thing,\" and contrasted with the poem \"The Roman Fountain\" by C. F. Meyer, in Martin Heidegger's essay \"The Origin of the Work of Art.\" This painter of several still lifes entitled A Pair of Shoes placed a foxglove plant in the foreground of a portrait that shows a red-haired man in a white cap glumly staring ahead while resting his head on his right fist. This man's painting The (*) Cottage shows the exterior of a Nuenen abode, in whose interior he painted a woman pouring a kettle on the right as four other people sit around a table below a single oil lamp hung from the ceiling. In a painting depicting Saint-R\u00e9my, this painter of two versions of a Portrait of Dr. Gachet showed dark cypress trees in front of a swirling sky. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter The Potato Eaters and The Starry Night.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 193 ], [ 193, 194 ], [ 195, 417 ], [ 418, 437 ], [ 438, 445 ], [ 446, 645 ], [ 646, 792 ], [ 793, 871 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Hermes [or Mercury until \"Greek\" is read]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Various local myths describe this god carrying a ram on his shoulders around a city to avert a plague, explaining his epithet \"kriophoros\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hermes", "proto_id": "58b0b85e70b9154095719787", "qanta_id": 102786, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "Various local myths describe this god carrying a ram on his shoulders around a city to avert a plague, explaining his epithet \"kriophoros\". During Heracles's eighth labor, he was assisted by a son of this god named Abderus who was eaten by Diomedes's mares. At the beginning of The Eumenides, Apollo places Orestes under the protection of this god. One of this god's sons was unwillingly seduced by, and then fused with, the nymph Salmacis. Zeus ordered this god to lull the giant (*) Argos Panoptes to sleep. With Chione, this god fathered Autolycus, and later he brought the magic herb moly to his great-grandson Odysseus. Shortly after he was born, he stole Apollo's cattle; as an apology, he invented, and gave to Apollo, the lyre. For 10 points, name this winged-sandal-wearing Greek messenger god.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 257 ], [ 258, 348 ], [ 349, 440 ], [ 441, 509 ], [ 510, 624 ], [ 625, 735 ], [ 736, 803 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Oskar Matzerath [accept either underlined portion]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This character writes his memoirs in an insane asylum as he is being watched by the guard Bruno Munsterberg; his manuscript opens with a description of how his grandparents met when his grandmother hid his grandfather from policemen under her skirt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Tin_Drum", "proto_id": "58b0b85f70b915409571978f", "qanta_id": 102794, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This character writes his memoirs in an insane asylum as he is being watched by the guard Bruno Munsterberg; his manuscript opens with a description of how his grandparents met when his grandmother hid his grandfather from policemen under her skirt. This character falls in with a gang of criminal youths after his lover Roswitha is killed during the invasion of Normandy. He achieves riches after forming a jazz trio with (*) Klepp and Scholle, but loses everything when he is convicted of murdering Sister Dorothea after finding her severed ring finger. His likely father, Alfred, is shot by the advancing Russian army after swallowing a Nazi party pin. This man, who has a scream that can pierce glass, is a dwarf because he decided to stop growing at the age of three. For 10 points, name this protagonist of Gunter Grass's novel The Tin Drum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 249 ], [ 250, 372 ], [ 373, 426 ], [ 427, 555 ], [ 556, 655 ], [ 656, 772 ], [ 773, 847 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "hemoglobin", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The color of Riftia plumes comes from several complex variants of this protein.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Hemoglobin", "proto_id": "58b0b85f70b9154095719791", "qanta_id": 102796, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "The color of Riftia plumes comes from several complex variants of this protein. Compared to the Aymara, Tibetans show a less severe reaction norm of this protein to altitude. The difference in magnetic susceptibility between two forms of this protein is responsible for the BOLD signalling used in fMRI imaging. The Portland and Gower forms of this protein are found in embryos. (*) 2,3-PBG allosterically causes this protein to release its substrate, and a decrease in pH reduces the binding affinity of this protein with its main substrate according to the Bohr effect. This protein's two alpha and two beta subunits bind cofactors consisting of porphyrins bound to a ferrous ion. A replacement of glutamate by valine in this molecular causes sickle-cell anemia. For 10 points, name this iron-containing protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 174 ], [ 175, 311 ], [ 312, 378 ], [ 379, 571 ], [ 572, 682 ], [ 683, 764 ], [ 765, 853 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Willard van Orman Quine", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "With Nelson Goodman, this philosopher proposed reductions of statements like \"Class A has three members.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Willard_Van_Orman_Quine", "proto_id": "58b0b85f70b91540957197c6", "qanta_id": 102849, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "With Nelson Goodman, this philosopher proposed reductions of statements like \"Class A has three members.\" This author of \"Steps toward a Constructive Nominalism\" proposed the dictum \"To be is to be the value of a variable\" in \"On What There Is.\" He used the metaphor of belief as a web to illustrate the underdetermination of theory by experience, a thesis he names with Pierre (*) Duhem. This proponent of naturalized epistemology rejected the idea that synonymy is definition or interchangeability in a paper that attacked semantic reductionism and the analytic/synthetic division. He described an Arunta speaker pointing to a rabbit and saying \"gavagai\" to illustrate the indeterminacy of translation. For 10 points, name this American philosopher who wrote Word and Object and \"Two Dogmas of Empiricism.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 104 ], [ 104, 245 ], [ 246, 388 ], [ 389, 583 ], [ 584, 704 ], [ 705, 808 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "diffusion", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This process has a characteristic length scale which increases as the square root of time, and is important for applications like CVD.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Diffusion", "proto_id": "58b0b86070b91540957197ec", "qanta_id": 102887, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This process has a characteristic length scale which increases as the square root of time, and is important for applications like CVD. In addition to mobility and lifetime, a constant describing this process for charge carriers was measured in the Haynes-Shockley experiment. A property called MRT measures the average amount of a time a particle undergoes this process, and is analogous to the number of times a particle returns to its starting position while undergoing a (*) random walk. This process can be described by laws which related the Laplacian of the concentration with the time derivative of concentration, and the \"flux\" of this process with the negative divergence of concentration; those laws are named for Adolph Fick. For 10 points, identify this process in which particles move from a region of high concentration to low concentration.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 275 ], [ 276, 490 ], [ 491, 736 ], [ 737, 855 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author described meeting the painter Angelica Kaufmann and searching for an archetypical plant he dubbed the Urpflanze in a travelogue that opens with the phrase \"Auch ich in Arkadien,\" or Et in Arcadia ego.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe", "proto_id": "58b0b86070b91540957197f1", "qanta_id": 102892, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This author described meeting the painter Angelica Kaufmann and searching for an archetypical plant he dubbed the Urpflanze in a travelogue that opens with the phrase \"Auch ich in Arkadien,\" or Et in Arcadia ego. That work, which this author wrote after \"slipp[ing] away\" from his duties as Privy Councillor in Weimar, was his Italian Journey. A Thomas Mann novel subtitled The (*) Beloved Returns describes the relationship between this author and Charlotte Kestner, which this man himself fictionalized in a novel in which Lotte's marriage to Albert causes the title character to shoot himself. In another work by this man, the title character is visited by a poodle who turns out to be Mephistopheles. For 10 points, name this German author who wrote The Sorrows of Young Werther and the two-part play Faust.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 212 ], [ 213, 343 ], [ 344, 596 ], [ 597, 704 ], [ 705, 811 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Carl Friedrich Gauss", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man developed a regime which approximates that light propagation doesn't significantly diverge from a beam's axis, which allows for propagation equations to assume the small angle approximation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carl_Friedrich_Gauss", "proto_id": "58b0b86070b91540957197f9", "qanta_id": 102900, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "This man developed a regime which approximates that light propagation doesn't significantly diverge from a beam's axis, which allows for propagation equations to assume the small angle approximation. In addition to developing that paraxial approximation, this man gained fame for using observations by Joseph Piazzi to compute the orbit of the asteroid (*) Ceres. One of his namesake laws, which suggests that the magnetic field lines going in and out of an infinitesimal volume must cancel out, implies that magnetic monopoles cannot exist. For 10 points, identify this scientist whose namesake unit measures magnetic flux density, and whose name law states that the electric flux through a closed surface is directly proportional to the charge enclosed by that surface.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 199 ], [ 200, 352 ], [ 353, 363 ], [ 364, 541 ], [ 542, 771 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "W.H. Auden [or Wystan Hugh Auden]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A poem by this author includes the image of \"gamins, pursuing the scientist down the tiled colonnade\" after describing a poet's unease at those who \"doubt his antimythological myth\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "W._H._Auden", "proto_id": "58b0b86170b915409571980d", "qanta_id": 102920, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "A poem by this author includes the image of \"gamins, pursuing the scientist down the tiled colonnade\" after describing a poet's unease at those who \"doubt his antimythological myth\". The speaker of that poem by this man tries to imagine \"a faultless love or the life to come\", which causes him to hear \"the murmur of underground streams\". Another of his poems ends a list with \"My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song\" before the speaker laments \"I thought that (*) love would last forever; I was wrong\". He concluded that \"we must love one another or die\" in a poem set \"in one of the dives on Fifty-second Street\" on the eve of World War II, and opened another with the line \"Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone.\". For 10 points, name this poet of \"In Praise of Limestone\", \"Funeral Blues\", and \"September 1, 1939\".", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 182 ], [ 183, 338 ], [ 339, 503 ], [ 504, 722 ], [ 723, 757 ], [ 757, 823 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "nitrogen [or N]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The stoichiometric ratio of carbon to this element to phosphorus is 106 to 16 according to the well-known Redfield ratio.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nitrogen", "proto_id": "58b0b86170b915409571980e", "qanta_id": 102921, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "The stoichiometric ratio of carbon to this element to phosphorus is 106 to 16 according to the well-known Redfield ratio. Important work on the source of this element in soils was done by Martinus Beijerinck, who discovered the Beijerinckia and Azotobacter bacteria. A surprise microbial impact on this element was found in the discovery of the anammox process, in which hydrazine is produced as an intermediate. Anthropogenic eutrophication creates excessive amounts of this element and (*) phosphorus. A significant source of this element found in soils is due to the action of Rhizobium bacteria in legumes and other plants. The Haber-Bosch process allowed the inorganic creation of a compound with this element, which could then be used as a fertilizer. For 10 points, name this element \"fixed\" to ammonia that makes up the majority of the Earth's atmosphere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 121 ], [ 122, 266 ], [ 267, 503 ], [ 504, 627 ], [ 628, 757 ], [ 758, 863 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Charles Edward Ives", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This man's second symphony ends with a trumpet playing \"Reveille,\" leading to the final chord, where 11 of the 12 notes are played at once.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Charles_Ives", "proto_id": "58b0b86170b9154095719819", "qanta_id": 102932, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This man's second symphony ends with a trumpet playing \"Reveille,\" leading to the final chord, where 11 of the 12 notes are played at once. This composer's fourth symphony splits the orchestra in a section playing in 3/2 and another in accelerating 4/4 in the second movement, based on his piano work The Celestial Railroad. In a piece by this composer, offstage strings play quiet chords, over which a (*) trumpet plays a phrase seven times. He quoted \"Yankee Doodle\" in multiple keys in the movement \"Putnam's Camp.\" Beethoven's Fifth is quoted in every movement of a piece whose second movement, \"Hawthorne,\" makes a cluster chord with a 14 3/4-inch long block of wood. For 10 points, name this American composer of The Unanswered Question, Three Places in New England, and the Concord Sonata.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 324 ], [ 325, 442 ], [ 443, 518 ], [ 519, 672 ], [ 673, 796 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Golgi apparatus [or Golgi body]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Defects of GDP-fucose transporters in this organelle's membrane contribute to the Bombay blood type.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Golgi_apparatus", "proto_id": "58b0b86270b9154095719859", "qanta_id": 102996, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "Defects of GDP-fucose transporters in this organelle's membrane contribute to the Bombay blood type. This organelle tends to be located near centrosomes in mammals, and it is found near exit sites of another organelle to which it is connected by the vesicular-tubular cluster. Brefeldin A prevents the action of COPII, which coats vesicles bound for this organelle. This organelle adds (*) mannose-6-phosphate to proteins bound for lysosomes and can carry out other post-translational modifications like phosphorylation and sulfation. It has a cis face and a trans face and consists of a series of flattened, membrane-enclosed discs called cisternae. It receives peptides from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and packages them in vesicles for transport. For 10 points, name this organelle named for an Italian physician.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 100 ], [ 101, 276 ], [ 277, 365 ], [ 366, 534 ], [ 535, 650 ], [ 651, 753 ], [ 754, 820 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Daoism [or Taoism; accept word forms]", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One compilation of texts from this religion is divided into Three Grottoes with twelve chapters each.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Taoism", "proto_id": "58b0b86270b9154095719860", "qanta_id": 103003, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "One compilation of texts from this religion is divided into Three Grottoes with twelve chapters each. Initiates in this religion use a kind of alchemy called Neidan to develop an immortal spiritual body/ In this religion's cosmology, the undifferentiated wuji generates the differentiated taiji. Fundamental concepts in this religion are represented by eight (*) trigrams consisting of broken or unbroken lines. Humility, compassion, and frugality are the Three Treasures of this religion. This religion venerates the Eight Immortals, and its deities include the Three Pure Ones, which sometimes include the Jade Emperor. One member of this religion wondered if he was a man dreaming he was a butterfly or vice versa; that man was Zhuangzi. For 10 points, name this religion that emphasizes action through non-action, or wu wei, founded by Lao Tzu.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 203 ], [ 204, 295 ], [ 296, 411 ], [ 412, 489 ], [ 490, 621 ], [ 622, 740 ], [ 741, 848 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Ares [or Mars until \"Greek\" is read]", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This god's affair with Chryse produced the Lapith king Phlegyas.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Ares", "proto_id": "58b0b86270b9154095719872", "qanta_id": 103021, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This god's affair with Chryse produced the Lapith king Phlegyas. The namesake founders of four Thracian tribes, including Edonus and Biston, resulted from this god's affair with the muse Calliope, while two of his other sons led the Orchomenian contingent at Troy. This god's retinue included Alala, the Machai, his daughter Adrestia, and his lover Enyo. He was stopped from killing Heracles in revenge for that man's defeat of this god's son Cycnus. A daughter of this god was given a (*) cursed necklace as a wedding gift from Hephaestus. In the Iliad, Athena aided Diomedes in wounding this god. Alectryon was turned into a rooster after failing to prevent the discovery of this god's affair with Aphrodite. For 10 points, name this father of Harmonia, Phobos, and Deimos, the Greek god of war.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 64 ], [ 65, 264 ], [ 265, 354 ], [ 355, 450 ], [ 451, 540 ], [ 541, 598 ], [ 599, 710 ], [ 711, 797 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "France", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One composer from this country used pitch multiplication in a piece whose sections include \"The Furious Craftsmanship.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "France", "proto_id": "58b0b86270b915409571987b", "qanta_id": 103030, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "One composer from this country used pitch multiplication in a piece whose sections include \"The Furious Craftsmanship.\" A composer born in this country wrote an electronic piece for the hundreds of speakers in the Philips Pavilion, and included high and low sirens in a piece for thirteen percussionists, Ionisation. Recurring \"statue,\" \"flower, and \"love\" themes are featured in a (*) ten-movement piece from this country for orchestra, piano, and Ondes Martenot. The composer of that piece, the Turangal\u00eela-Symphonie, wrote a work for clarinet, violin, cello, and piano in a POW camp called the Quartet for the End of Time. Another composer from here included movements like \"Play of the Waves\" in La Mer. For 10 points, name this country home to Pierre Boulez, Olivier Messiaen, and Claude Debussy.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 119 ], [ 120, 316 ], [ 317, 464 ], [ 465, 625 ], [ 626, 707 ], [ 708, 801 ] ], "tournament": "MUT", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "dinitrogen [accept N2]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This molecule is produced in a reaction which uses a strong base to convert aryl ketones to alkynes, the Seyferth-Gilbert homologation.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Nitrogen", "proto_id": "58b0b86370b9154095719888", "qanta_id": 103043, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This molecule is produced in a reaction which uses a strong base to convert aryl ketones to alkynes, the Seyferth-Gilbert homologation. Reaction of aniline with nitrous acid generates benzene bound to this molecule; its evolution can then drive the synthesis of an aryl halide in the (*) Sandmeyer reaction. This molecule's expulsion drives alkane formation in the Wolff-Kishner reduction, and it reacts with hydrogen to produce ammonia in the Haber process. For 10 points, name this gas that comprises 80% of the atmosphere.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 135 ], [ 136, 307 ], [ 308, 458 ], [ 459, 525 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "piano [or pianoforte; do not accept \"fortepiano\"]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Beethoven's Fidelio was arranged for for this instrument and vocals by Ignaz Moscheles.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Piano", "proto_id": "58b0b86370b915409571988f", "qanta_id": 103050, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "Beethoven's Fidelio was arranged for for this instrument and vocals by Ignaz Moscheles. A virtuoso on this instrument from the London School who helped John Broadwood improve its design was named Jan Dussek. Johann Cramer nicknamed a concerto in E-flat major for this instrument that was first performed by Friedrich Schneider. (*) Muzio Clementi and Carl Czerny are best known for their pedagogical works for this instrument. For 10 points, Mozart's \"Jeunehomme\" and Beethoven's \"Emperor\" are concerti for what instrument with 88 keys?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 87 ], [ 88, 207 ], [ 208, 327 ], [ 328, 426 ], [ 427, 536 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Chicago, Illinois", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Many of this city's early landmarks, including the Tremont House, were designed by John M. Van Osdel.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chicago", "proto_id": "58b0b86470b91540957198ca", "qanta_id": 103109, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "Many of this city's early landmarks, including the Tremont House, were designed by John M. Van Osdel. To create natural drainage, whole blocks of this city were hydraulically during the 1850s and 60s. A building in this city called the Wigwam hosted the 1860 (*) Republican National Convention. Governor John Altgeld ordered troops into this city to break up a strike against the Pullman Company, which built its company town on this city's South Side. Upton Sinclair described the meatpacking industry in - for 10 points - what largest Illinois city?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 101 ], [ 102, 200 ], [ 201, 294 ], [ 295, 452 ], [ 453, 551 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "The Netherlands [or Nederland; or Holland]", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A thinker from this country used the phrase etiamsi daremus in his argument for a set of principles which would exist even if the non-existence of God were conceded, and drew upon the jus gentium ideas of Francisco de Vitoria to develop the doctrines of freedom of the seas and (*) natural law.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Netherlands", "proto_id": "58b0b86570b915409571990d", "qanta_id": 103176, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "A thinker from this country used the phrase etiamsi daremus in his argument for a set of principles which would exist even if the non-existence of God were conceded, and drew upon the jus gentium ideas of Francisco de Vitoria to develop the doctrines of freedom of the seas and (*) natural law. Another thinker from this country was accused of heresy for defining God as a being with infinite attributes in a book organized as a series of geometric proofs. Hugo Grotius was from - for 10 points - what country, home to Ethics author Baruch Spinoza?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 294 ], [ 295, 456 ], [ 457, 548 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "The Barber of Seville, or, the Futile Precaution [or Il barbiere di Siviglia, ossia L'inutile precauzione]", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This opera's composer claimed he wrote it in 13 days after being commissioned by the owner of the Teatro Argentina, where its premiere was sabotaged by partisans of Giovanni Paisiello.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "The_Barber_of_Seville", "proto_id": "58b0b86570b9154095719925", "qanta_id": 103200, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "This opera's composer claimed he wrote it in 13 days after being commissioned by the owner of the Teatro Argentina, where its premiere was sabotaged by partisans of Giovanni Paisiello. An aria in this opera that is often transposed to F for coloratura sopranos describes an echoing voice in a heart; that aria is titled (*) \"Una voce poco fa.\" This opera's title character repeats his name before the patter portion of the aria \"Largo al factotum.\" The disguised Almaviva tries to woo Rosina in - for 10 points - what opera by Gioachino Rossini, whose title character is Figaro?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 184 ], [ 185, 343 ], [ 344, 447 ], [ 447, 578 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Death of a Salesman", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The staging instructions of this play contrast a peripheral \"angry glow of orange\" with a \"blue light\" that illuminates the central scene.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Death_of_a_Salesman", "proto_id": "58b0b86670b9154095719933", "qanta_id": 103214, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "The staging instructions of this play contrast a peripheral \"angry glow of orange\" with a \"blue light\" that illuminates the central scene. The protagonist of this play tells one character to go to hell after that character jokes about Ebbets Field blowing up. A character in this play brags about his son's ability to recite the (*) state capitals in alphabetical order before firing the protagonist. In another scene, the protagonist gifts stockings to his mistress, to the horror of his son Biff. For 10 points, name this play about the frustrations of Willy Loman, by Arthur Miller.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 138 ], [ 139, 259 ], [ 260, 400 ], [ 401, 498 ], [ 499, 585 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Quetzalcoatl", "category": "Mythology", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This god spent four days in a stone box before ordering that the box be sealed.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Quetzalcoatl", "proto_id": "58b0b86670b9154095719936", "qanta_id": 103217, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This god spent four days in a stone box before ordering that the box be sealed. This god burned down some houses after all of the flowers in his garden died when his brother descended from the sky by a spider's thread. Bees produced sounds as they flew through a (*) conch shell given to this god in the underworld. While there, this god retrieved bones that he later used to recreate mankind. This god's malevolent brother baited Cipactli with his foot. For 10 points, identify this brother of Tezcatlipoca, the \"feathered serpent\" of the Aztecs.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 79 ], [ 80, 218 ], [ 219, 315 ], [ 316, 393 ], [ 394, 454 ], [ 455, 547 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "James Joyce", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one of this author's stories, a young boy desperately offers to recite a Hail Mary for his father as his father beats him for letting the fire burn out.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "James_Joyce", "proto_id": "58b0b86670b9154095719941", "qanta_id": 103228, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "In one of this author's stories, a young boy desperately offers to recite a Hail Mary for his father as his father beats him for letting the fire burn out. This author appears as a \"man who wishes his total indifference to public notice to be universally recognized\" in Tom Stoppard's play (*) Travesties. \"Counterparts\" and \"An Encounter\" appear in a collection by this author, which includes a story about the annual Morkan dance attended by Professor Gabriel Conroy. \"The Dead\" concludes - for 10 points - what Irish author's collection Dubliners?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 155 ], [ 156, 307 ], [ 307, 469 ], [ 470, 550 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "London", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Solar panels and wind cowls cover the roofs of this city's environmentally friendly BedZED Ecovillage.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "London", "proto_id": "58b0b86670b9154095719955", "qanta_id": 103248, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Solar panels and wind cowls cover the roofs of this city's environmentally friendly BedZED Ecovillage. A glass gridshell roof spans over the Great Court in a museum found in this city. Swiss Re spent over a billion dollars purchasing a building in this city that replaced the Baltic Exchange and was designed by (*) Norman Foster. Renzo Piano designed a 95-story-tall pyramidal skyscraper in this city known as The Shard. For 10 points, name this city home to Tower 42, \"The Gherkin\" and the British Museum.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 184 ], [ 185, 330 ], [ 331, 421 ], [ 422, 507 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "(People's Republic of) China [or Zh\u014dnghu\u00e1 R\u00e9nm\u00edn G\u00f2ngh\u00e9gu\u00f3; accept the Qing dynasty]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Catholics in this country were explicitly banned from displaying tablets that said \"seat of the soul.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "China", "proto_id": "58b0b86770b9154095719976", "qanta_id": 103281, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Catholics in this country were explicitly banned from displaying tablets that said \"seat of the soul.\" Since 1957, this country has maintained a Patriotic Catholics Association that remains unrecognized by the Vatican. Decrees by Pope Clement XI issued at the behest of Franciscans and Dominicans ended a controversy named for (*) rites in this country, where most bishops operate underground. Jesuits like Matteo Ricci led missions to - for 10 points - what country, where Catholics were once forbidden from venerating ancestors and Confucius?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 102 ], [ 103, 218 ], [ 219, 393 ], [ 394, 544 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "linear momentum [or p before mention]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The canonical value of this quantity is equal to its classical value plus the product of charge and vector potential.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Momentum", "proto_id": "58b0b86770b915409571997d", "qanta_id": 103288, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Physics", "text": "The canonical value of this quantity is equal to its classical value plus the product of charge and vector potential. The conjugate form of this quantity is equal to the partial derivative of the Lagrangian with respect to q dot. For a crystal, the \"quasi\" value of this quantity is equal to h-bar times the wavevector. Its operator is (*) negative i times h-bar times the gradient. Kinetic energy is equal to this quantity squared divided by quantity two times mass. It is impossible to know both the position of a particle and - for 10 points - what quantity, the product of velocity and mass?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 117 ], [ 118, 229 ], [ 230, 319 ], [ 320, 356 ], [ 357, 382 ], [ 383, 467 ], [ 468, 595 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Italy [or Italian Republic]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Terrorist groups in this country were funded by a businessman who published a translation of Doctor Zhivago.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italy", "proto_id": "58b0b86870b91540957199b9", "qanta_id": 103348, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Terrorist groups in this country were funded by a businessman who published a translation of Doctor Zhivago. The term \"strategy of tension\" most famously refers to the alleged plotting of terrorist attacks in this country by its government. This country's Communist and Christian Democratic parties agreed to the (*) Historic Compromise. During this European country's Years of Lead, Communist terrorists called the Red Brigades kidnapped and murdered Prime Minister Aldo Moro. For 10 points, name this country later led by Silvio Berlusconi.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 108 ], [ 109, 240 ], [ 241, 337 ], [ 338, 477 ], [ 478, 542 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Perseus", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Some depictions of this male figure are based on a marble head formerly found in the Palazzo Rondanini.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Perseus", "proto_id": "58b0b86870b91540957199ba", "qanta_id": 103349, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Other", "text": "Some depictions of this male figure are based on a marble head formerly found in the Palazzo Rondanini. Pius VII purchased a sculpture of this figure modeled on the Apollo Belvedere to stand where the Apollo once stood; that sculpture is by Antonio Canova. Cosimo de Medici commissioned a freestanding bronze of this figure placed near Donatello's Judith and Holofernes in the (*) Loggia dei Lanzi that shows him holding a curvedtipped sword. For 10 points, name this Greek hero whom Benvenuto Cellini depicted holding the head of Medusa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 103 ], [ 104, 256 ], [ 257, 442 ], [ 443, 538 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Mario Vargas Llosa [prompt on partial answer]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In a novel by this author, episodes detailing experiences in Amazonia and the Congo lead up to Roger Casement's involvement in the Easter Rising.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Mario_Vargas_Llosa", "proto_id": "58b0b86870b91540957199cf", "qanta_id": 103370, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "In a novel by this author, episodes detailing experiences in Amazonia and the Congo lead up to Roger Casement's involvement in the Easter Rising. A novel by this author opens with a New York lawyer returning to her home country after emigrating 35 years prior. This author of (*) The Dream of the Celt fictionalized the assassination of Rafael Trujillo in one novel, and wrote another about the incest of an employee of Radio Panamericana. The Feast of the Goat is by - for 10 points - what Peruvian author of Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter?", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 145 ], [ 146, 260 ], [ 261, 439 ], [ 440, 542 ] ], "tournament": "Missouri Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "lysosome", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "[NOTE TO MODERATOR: agalsidase is pronounced ay-GAL-suh-dase]", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Lysosome", "proto_id": "58b0b87270b9154095719c00", "qanta_id": 103928, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Biology", "text": "[NOTE TO MODERATOR: agalsidase is pronounced ay-GAL-suh-dase] In humans, Vitamin D upregulates hCAP18 (h-CAP-eighteen), a peptide found in this organelle of macrophages and PMNs. An X-linked disease caused by deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (id-UH-roan-ate-two-SULF-uh-tace) is linked to defects in this organelle. In another disease of this organelle, G-b-3 accumulates in tissues. That deficient enzyme which functions in this organelle is compensated for using agalsidase alfa or agalsidase beta, and is encoded by the (*) G-L-A gene. Other related diseases of this organelle are treated by targeting a pathway involving acid hydrolase precursor proteins marked with mannose-6-phosphate. Niemann-Pick and Tay-Sachs are two of this organelle's namesake \"storage diseases.\" For 10 points, name these digestive organelles which break down cellular wastes.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 61 ], [ 62, 178 ], [ 179, 318 ], [ 319, 386 ], [ 387, 541 ], [ 542, 694 ], [ 695, 777 ], [ 777, 859 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Madagascar", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An uprising against colonial rule in this modern-day country was led by the MDRM political party and began during the fandroana New Year festival.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Madagascar", "proto_id": "58b0b87370b9154095719c2c", "qanta_id": 103972, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "An uprising against colonial rule in this modern-day country was led by the MDRM political party and began during the fandroana New Year festival. One leader of this nation is best remembered for marrying a Prime Minister who helped murder the previous King and for banning Sunday markets. One war in this nation was triggered by the cancellation of the Lambert Charter. Under the missionary David Jones, the writing system of this nation was changed from the (*) sorabe script to the Latin alphabet; this reform was conducted under the king Radama I. This nation, which was the site of the Franco-Hova wars against the Merina Kingdom, was suggested as a destination for the deportation of European Jews by Hitler. For 10 points, name this nation ruled by several queens named Ranavalona and home to the Malagasy ethnic group, an island off the coast of Africa.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 146 ], [ 147, 289 ], [ 290, 370 ], [ 371, 714 ], [ 715, 861 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Graham Greene [or Henry Graham Greene]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about Arthur Rowe, who accidentally receives a cake at a charity event, in The Ministry of Fear.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Graham_Greene", "proto_id": "58b0b87370b9154095719c61", "qanta_id": 104025, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "British", "text": "This author wrote about Arthur Rowe, who accidentally receives a cake at a charity event, in The Ministry of Fear. In one of this man's novels, the Esperan\u00e7a carries both a secret letter and a package of diamonds, and Ali is murdered by wharf rats. The love interest of one of his protagonists worked at the Arc-en-Ciel on Jaccareo road. Fred Hale's presence in a certain seaside city leads to Rose's marriage to Pinkie Brown in a novel by this man, who created a character who admires the theories of York Harding and searches for someone to provide a (*) \"Third Force.\" He wrote a novel in which Louise tries to reconcile her husband Major Scobie's suicide with his Catholicism, and another novel in which a man pretends that vacuum cleaner parts are sketches of a secret military installation. For 10 points, name this author of Brighton Rock, The Quiet American, The Heart of the Matter, and Our Man in Havana.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 114 ], [ 115, 248 ], [ 249, 337 ], [ 338, 571 ], [ 572, 796 ], [ 797, 914 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Carlos Fuentes [or Carlos Fuentes Macias]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This author wrote about Javier and his Jewish wife Elizabeth, who travel with a Czechoslovakian who helped build Theresienstadt.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Carlos_Fuentes", "proto_id": "58b0b87370b9154095719c65", "qanta_id": 104029, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This author wrote about Javier and his Jewish wife Elizabeth, who travel with a Czechoslovakian who helped build Theresienstadt. This author also wrote about a house fire that begins after a woman refuses to sell her jewelry, and about how that woman's husband then moves in with the blind Hortensia. Another one of his novels is about a French-speaking historian who is mesmerised by a green-eyed girl during a job interview to finish the memoirs of a old general; the protagonist of that novel is surprised to notice a psychic connection between his lover and her aunt Consuelo. This author of (*) Aura also wrote a novel about General Arroyo and Harriet Winslow's encounters with an elderly American author and a novel in which a dying tycoon discusses the formation of the PRI and the Mexican Revolution. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 128 ], [ 129, 300 ], [ 301, 580 ], [ 581, 595 ], [ 596, 599 ], [ 600, 808 ], [ 809, 897 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Chronicle of a Death Foretold [or Cr\u00f3nica de una muerte anunciada]", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The narrator of this book finds a 322-page report in the flooded Palace of Justice, a building that had once been visited by Francis Drake.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Chronicle_of_a_Death_Foretold", "proto_id": "58b0b87470b9154095719c95", "qanta_id": 104077, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "The narrator of this book finds a 322-page report in the flooded Palace of Justice, a building that had once been visited by Francis Drake. A character in this novel confuses the bad omen of birds and the good omen of trees in one of her son's dreams. Father Amador serves as an incompetent replacement for Dr. Dionisio Iguaran (dee-oh-NEE-see-oh ee-GWAR-un) in this novel, which also contains a character who buys all the raffle tickets available in order to win a music box for a woman. Another character in this novel is advised to stain some (*) sheets with merbromin and ends up spending 17 years writing unanswered letters to Bayardo San Roman. After the butcher Faustino sharpens their knives, two characters in this novel leave Clotilde Armenta's milk bar in search of their sister Angela's former lover. For 10 points, name this Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez novella titled for the Vicario brothers' inevitable murder of Santiago Nasar.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 139 ], [ 140, 251 ], [ 252, 488 ], [ 489, 650 ], [ 651, 812 ], [ 813, 938 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Robert Schumann", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This composer's Symphony No. 4 includes a prominent violin solo in the middle section of its second movement, which is later reused in the scherzo as the theme of the trio section.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Schumann", "proto_id": "58b0b87570b9154095719ce8", "qanta_id": 104160, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Auditory", "text": "This composer's Symphony No. 4 includes a prominent violin solo in the middle section of its second movement, which is later reused in the scherzo as the theme of the trio section. In his Symphony No. 3, trombones enter for the first time at the start of the fourth movement, where they play a slow chorale in E-flat minor, the parallel key. He contrasted the \"Florestan\" and (*) \"Eusebius\" (yoo-SEE-bee-us) sides of his personality in a piece with movements such as \"Chiarina\" (kee-ah-REE-nuh) and \"Paganini.\" The fourth movement of his B-flat major Symphony No. 1 quotes his own Kreisleriana (\"CHRYSLER\"-ee-ah-nah), while the fourth movement of his Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major was inspired by a viewing of the Cologne Cathedral. This composer of Carnaval depicted a young child dreaming in the \"Tr\u00e4umerei\" (TROY-muh-RYE) movement of his Kinderszenen (KIN-der-SEN-nen). For 10 points, name this composer who wrote the Rhenish Symphony after a trip with his wife Clara.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 180 ], [ 181, 341 ], [ 342, 510 ], [ 511, 733 ], [ 734, 873 ], [ 874, 972 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Philip Glass", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "In one opera by this man, Miss Schlesen and Kallenbach sing a duet in which they describe \"how the saints attained success\"; that work's third act contains the \"Newcastle March\".", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Philip_Glass", "proto_id": "58b0b87670b9154095719d01", "qanta_id": 104185, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Audiovisual", "text": "In one opera by this man, Miss Schlesen and Kallenbach sing a duet in which they describe \"how the saints attained success\"; that work's third act contains the \"Newcastle March\". One opera by this musician is largely a monologue by a man named \"M\" on a holographic set, detailing how no one believes that he's met aliens; that collaboration with David Henry Hwang is entitled 1000 Airplanes on the Roof. A section of another one of his operas contains text by (*) Lucinda Childs read from a bed and is called \"Prematurely Air-conditioned Supermarket\". That work by this composer is interspersed with Christopher Knowles' \"Knee Plays,\" is divided into the sections \"Train\", \"Trial\", and \"Field/Spaceship\", and has a solo violinist dress as the title figure. For 10 points, name this composer whose \"Portrait Trilogy\" includes Akhenaten, Satyagraha (SAT-yuh-GRAH-hah), and Einstein on the Beach.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 178 ], [ 179, 403 ], [ 404, 551 ], [ 552, 756 ], [ 757, 893 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "water [or H2O before mention]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "By using this substance as a mask, Tour et al. discovered a method for creating graphene nanoribbons called meniscus-mask lithography.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Water", "proto_id": "58b0b87670b9154095719d03", "qanta_id": 104187, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "By using this substance as a mask, Tour et al. discovered a method for creating graphene nanoribbons called meniscus-mask lithography. This substance has a resistivity of 18.2 million ohm-centimeters. In molecular biology, this substance is often treated with D-E-P-C to inactivate nucleases. The region of stability of this substance is marked out using green lines in a Pourbaix (poor-BAY) diagram. So-called \"wires\" of this substance are able to traverse cell (*) membranes. The aforementioned resistivity of this substance is displayed on lab-scale Milli Q machines for dispensing the deionized form of this substance. This substance has its maximum density at 4 degrees Celsius, and through extensive hydrogen bonding its boiling point is raised to 100 C. For 10 points, name this universal solvent, with formula H2O.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 134 ], [ 135, 200 ], [ 201, 292 ], [ 293, 400 ], [ 401, 477 ], [ 478, 622 ], [ 623, 760 ], [ 761, 822 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Joseph Mallard William Turner", "category": "Fine Arts", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The destruction of this artist's house and the four sketches he made of Virgil's decaying tomb inspired his painting Pope's Villa at Twickenham.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "J._M._W._Turner", "proto_id": "58b0b87670b9154095719d0c", "qanta_id": 104196, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Visual", "text": "The destruction of this artist's house and the four sketches he made of Virgil's decaying tomb inspired his painting Pope's Villa at Twickenham. In 1798, this artist made what many think to be his first mythological scene, a depiction of Aeneas and the Cumaean Sibyl at Lake Avernus. Another of his paintings shows the Cumaean (kew-MAY-un) Sibyl with the title The Golden Bough. One of this artist's paintings was first displayed with an excerpt from a Thomas Campbell poem which said \"The flag which braved the (*) battle and breeze / no longer owns her.\" That painting by this artist shows a square-rigger and the title object being moved by a vessel with a large smoke stack. This artist, who showed a vessel being tugged to her last berth to be broken up in The Fighting Temeraire, depicted the Maidenhead Bridge in one of his landscapes. For 10 points, name this English artist who showed the \"Great Western Railway\" in his Rain, Steam, and Speed.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 144 ], [ 145, 283 ], [ 284, 378 ], [ 379, 556 ], [ 557, 678 ], [ 679, 842 ], [ 843, 952 ] ], "tournament": "Penn Bowl", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Texas [or the Republic of Texas]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An issue involving this state was addressed in the Raleigh letter, whose author backpedalled with the Alabama letters.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Texas", "proto_id": "58b0b87c70b9154095719e61", "qanta_id": 104537, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "An issue involving this state was addressed in the Raleigh letter, whose author backpedalled with the Alabama letters. Before moving to Illinois, followers of Etienne Cabet disastrously established Icaria, a socialist colony, in this state. In revenge for the Council House massacre, Buffalo Hump led a \"great raid\" into this state. In this state, worthless redback notes were used as currency. Anson (*) Jones and Mirabeau Lamar were politicians from this state, whose soldiers were killed in the Goliad Massacre. Susanna Dickinson claimed that William Travis drew a line in the sand during a siege in this state where Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett died. For 10 points, name this state that won the Battle of San Jacinto against Santa Anna and joined the US after existing as a republic under Sam Houston.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 118 ], [ 119, 240 ], [ 241, 332 ], [ 333, 394 ], [ 395, 514 ], [ 515, 653 ], [ 654, 804 ] ], "tournament": "STIMPY", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "David Hume", "category": "Philosophy", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "An aesthetic essay by this philosopher ends by claiming that Racine's Athalie was ruined by the bigotry of the Catholic Church and claims that beauty is derived from the \"joint verdict\" of \"true judge[s].", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "David_Hume", "proto_id": "58b0b87c70b9154095719e68", "qanta_id": 104544, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "An aesthetic essay by this philosopher ends by claiming that Racine's Athalie was ruined by the bigotry of the Catholic Church and claims that beauty is derived from the \"joint verdict\" of \"true judge[s].\" A book by this man ends with a paragraph discussing works containing \"sophistry and illusion\" that the reader must \"commit\u0085 to the flames.\" In the fourth section of that book, this man compared the \"truths demonstrated by Euclid\" with the proposition that the sun will not (*) rise tomorrow in distinguishing between \"Relations of Ideas\" and \"Matters of Fact.\" This man argued that all ideas arise from \"impressions\" and discussed a problem about a missing shade of blue. For 10 points, name this Scottish empiricist and author of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 204 ], [ 204, 205 ], [ 206, 345 ], [ 346, 565 ], [ 565, 677 ], [ 678, 779 ] ], "tournament": "STIMPY", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Robert Frost", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "The speaker of a poem by this author witnesses \"a living mite with inclinations it could call its own\" run across the page he is writing on and refuses to crush it.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Robert_Frost", "proto_id": "58b0b87c70b9154095719e6b", "qanta_id": 104547, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "American", "text": "The speaker of a poem by this author witnesses \"a living mite with inclinations it could call its own\" run across the page he is writing on and refuses to crush it. This poet described seeking out \"the last remaining aster flower to carry again to you\" in a poem about a walk through \"the mowing field.\" The speaker of another poem by this author averts his eyes when passing \"the watchman on his beat,\" because he is \"unwilling to explain.\" This poet of \"A Considerable Speck\" wrote a poem about a figure who witnesses \"One luminary (*) clock against the sky\" and has \"outwalked the furthest city light.\" The speaker of one of his poems hears \"the sweep of easy wind and downy flake\" and has \"miles to go before I sleep.\" For 10 points, name this poet of \"Acquainted with the Night\" and \"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 164 ], [ 165, 303 ], [ 304, 440 ], [ 440, 604 ], [ 604, 605 ], [ 606, 722 ], [ 723, 827 ] ], "tournament": "STIMPY", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "pi", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One of Ramanujan's cool continued fractions relates the root of half of this number to one over x plus one over one plus two over x plus three over one plus and so on.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Pi", "proto_id": "58b0b87c70b9154095719e6c", "qanta_id": 104548, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Math", "text": "One of Ramanujan's cool continued fractions relates the root of half of this number to one over x plus one over one plus two over x plus three over one plus and so on. The Lindemann\u0096Weierstrass theorem was first applied to this number. Euler proved that the sum \"one over one-squared, plus one over two-squared, plus one over three-squared\" and so on converges to this number over six. The integral gamma function of one-half is the square root of this number, which is why the denominator of the (*) Gaussian distribution contains the square root of two times this number. Because this number's square root is not constructible, the circle cannot be squared. This is the smallest positive number whose cosine is negative one. This is the area of the unit circle. For 10 points, name this number, the ratio between a circle's circumference and its diameter.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 235 ], [ 236, 385 ], [ 386, 573 ], [ 574, 659 ], [ 660, 726 ], [ 727, 763 ], [ 764, 857 ] ], "tournament": "STIMPY", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Italy", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A religion in this country includes halls for feminism and masculinity in their Temples of Humankind, which were built underground.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Italy", "proto_id": "58b0b87c70b9154095719e75", "qanta_id": 104557, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "A religion in this country includes halls for feminism and masculinity in their Temples of Humankind, which were built underground. That religion in this country is named for Horus's city of worship, Damanhur. The tilting of a vile occurs during a major religious festival in this modern-day country, during which the namesake saint's dried blood is believed to turn into liquid. A religious figure from this country is sometimes referred to as \"The Father of Church-Song\" for his namesake hymns. That man advocated for voluntary virginity and was the (*) mentor to Saint Augustine. An epistle addressed to a city in this nation contains the quote \"the wages of sin is death\" and follows Acts of the Apostles as the first epistle in the Bible. For 10 points, name this home of Saint Ambrose, and in whose capital city Peter became the first pope.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 209 ], [ 210, 379 ], [ 380, 496 ], [ 497, 582 ], [ 583, 743 ], [ 744, 846 ] ], "tournament": "STIMPY", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Claude Levi-Strauss", "category": "Social Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "This thinker described a society in which kinship depended on \"a corporate body holding an estate made up of both material and immaterial wealth\" as a \"house society.\"", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Claude_L\u00e9vi-Strauss", "proto_id": "58b0b87f70b9154095719f14", "qanta_id": 104715, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "This thinker described a society in which kinship depended on \"a corporate body holding an estate made up of both material and immaterial wealth\" as a \"house society.\" This thinker opened one book with the chapter \"The Science of the Concrete,\" which analyzes a portrait by Fran\u00e7ois Clouet and outlines \"plastic,\" \"primitive,\" and \"applied\" modes of art. This thinker conjectured that marriage between groups was a means to increase social ties with outside groups as part of his \"alliance theory.\" This thinker contrasted the more scientific (*) \"engineer\" with a figure who works with \"whatever is at hand\" called the \"bricoleur.\" He included the volumes \"The Origins of Table Manners\" and \"The Raw and the Cooked\" in his tetralogy Mythologiques. For 10 points, name this French anthropologist and founder of structural anthropology, the author of The Savage Mind.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 167 ], [ 168, 354 ], [ 355, 497 ], [ 497, 498 ], [ 499, 632 ], [ 633, 748 ], [ 749, 866 ] ], "tournament": "STIMPY", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "amines", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "One reaction forms these compounds by reacting a carboxylic acid with hydrazoic acid in the presence of a protic catalyst.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Amine", "proto_id": "58b0b87f70b9154095719f19", "qanta_id": 104720, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "One reaction forms these compounds by reacting a carboxylic acid with hydrazoic acid in the presence of a protic catalyst. In another reaction, this functionality is added beta to a carbonyl carbon with the assistance of an activated formaldehyde molecule. Those are the Schmidt and Mannich reactions. Carbonyls are converted to an intermediate that is reduced to these compounds using sodium cyanoborohydride in their namesake (*) \"reductive\" synthesis. The application of silver oxide, water, and heat removes this functional group and leaves behind an alkene in the Hofmann elimination. These compounds, which can be synthesized via the Gabriel synthesis, often have a fishy smell. For 10 points, name these compounds that contain one or more alkyl or aryl groups around a basic nitrogen atom.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 122 ], [ 123, 256 ], [ 257, 301 ], [ 302, 454 ], [ 455, 589 ], [ 590, 684 ], [ 685, 796 ] ], "tournament": "STIMPY", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Brazil", "category": "Religion", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "Initiates in one religion founded in this country receive green and white clothes as part of the \"Garb\" ceremony.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Brazil", "proto_id": "58b0b87f70b9154095719f1a", "qanta_id": 104721, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "None", "text": "Initiates in one religion founded in this country receive green and white clothes as part of the \"Garb\" ceremony. The founder of a different religion in this country received visions of a \"Half-Indian Peasant of the Seven Crossroads\" and in another religion based in this nation, members attempt to gain axe' through the beating of drums. The main cathedral in the capital of this country contains sixteen (*) parabolas reaching towards the sky to resemble fingers. In a religious festival in this country, people walk around in blocos and are led by King Momo during a time period known as the Entrudo. During that festival, people sometimes dance the samba and dress up in costume. For 10 points, name this home of the Umbanda and Candomble religions, as well as the Carnival festival.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 113 ], [ 114, 338 ], [ 339, 465 ], [ 466, 603 ], [ 604, 683 ], [ 684, 787 ] ], "tournament": "STIMPY", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Han Dynasty [or Early Han Dynasty; or Western Han Dynasty]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "College", "first_sentence": "A legend about the founder of this dynasty states that while drunk, he killed the White Emperor after cutting off the head of a white snake.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Han_dynasty", "proto_id": "58b0b87f70b9154095719f37", "qanta_id": 104750, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "A legend about the founder of this dynasty states that while drunk, he killed the White Emperor after cutting off the head of a white snake. An early ruler of this dynasty promoted the \"elegant\" style as part of his expansion of the Music Bureau. The founder of this dynasty won the Battle of G\u0101ixi\u00e0 after escaping a dangerous dinner with a rival in the Feast at (*) H\u00f3ng Gate. A ruler of this dynasty established the \"National University\" after banning the Hundred Schools of Thought, and this dynasty began after a war with the Ch\u01d4 state. Much of this dynasty's early history is recorded in a history book written during this dynasty, The Records of the Grand Historian, written by S\u012bm\u01ce Qi\u0101n. This dynasty was interrupted by the X\u012bn Dynasty of W\u00e1ng M\u01ceng. For 10 points, name this dynasty founded by Li\u00fa B\u0101ng and ruled for a long time by Emperor W\u01d4 that ruled China from about 200 BC to 200 AD.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 140 ], [ 141, 246 ], [ 247, 377 ], [ 378, 540 ], [ 541, 694 ], [ 695, 756 ], [ 757, 895 ] ], "tournament": "STIMPY", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Margaret (Eleanor) Atwood", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This writer was the first contributor to the Future Library Project by writing a manuscript in 2014 which will be published in 2114.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Margaret_Atwood", "proto_id": "58b0b88170b9154095719f8c", "qanta_id": 104835, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "This writer was the first contributor to the Future Library Project by writing a manuscript in 2014 which will be published in 2114. A novel by this author includes the story of the Peach Women of Aa'a, perfect women who grow on trees like peaches. That novel by this author opens with the suicide of the sister of the narrator, who is the daughter of a button-factory owner and has an affair with the writer (*) Alex Thomas, leading to the suicide of her husband Richard Griffen. A story-within-a-story about children who are forced to make carpets until they can no longer see provides the title of this author's novel about the life of Iris Chase. For 10 points, name this author of The Blind Assassin, who also wrote The Handmaid's Tale.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 132 ], [ 133, 248 ], [ 249, 480 ], [ 481, 650 ], [ 651, 741 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "phosphorus [or: phosphine, since many of the reagents are phosphines]", "category": "Science", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This element is the central atom of the product of the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction, which is used to prepare esters of this element.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Phosphorus", "proto_id": "58b0b88270b9154095719fc6", "qanta_id": 104892, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "Chemistry", "text": "This element is the central atom of the product of the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction, which is used to prepare esters of this element. Knowles won the 2001 Chemistry Nobel for designing the asymmetric, chiral hydrogenation catalyst DIPAMP, whose two central atoms are of this element. This element is the central atom of a reagent that deaminates arenediazonium salts. Replacing hydroxyl groups with halogens often uses (*) trihalides of this element. The most common organic reagent that uses this element is its triphenyl type, which is a reactant in the Wittig reaction. For 10 points, name this nonmetal that lies below nitrogen on the periodic table", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 131 ], [ 132, 281 ], [ 282, 365 ], [ 366, 448 ], [ 449, 570 ], [ 571, 651 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Peter the Great [or: Peter I, Pyotr Alekseyevich; before \"Mikhailov\" is read, accept: Pyotr Mikhailov]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Maria de Wilde created an engraving that depicts this man meeting with Maria's father, the collector Jacob de Wilde.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Peter_the_Great", "proto_id": "58b0b88370b915409571a028", "qanta_id": 104990, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "Maria de Wilde created an engraving that depicts this man meeting with Maria's father, the collector Jacob de Wilde. This man was provided Sayes Court by William III of England, but then trashed the place during his stay. During his travels, this man was accompanied by men like Franz Lefort and stayed in Zaandam in the Netherlands, where he worked as a (*) shipbuilder. This man adopted the surname \"Mikhailov\" to disguise his identity during a tour of Europe that strived to forge alliances against the Ottoman Empire. That tour was interrupted by an uprising of the streltsy in 1698. For 10 points, name this monarch who went incognito during his \"Grand Embassy,\" which influenced his decision to levy a beard tax on his nobles.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 116 ], [ 117, 221 ], [ 222, 371 ], [ 372, 521 ], [ 522, 587 ], [ 588, 732 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Jean-Paul Sartre", "category": "Literature", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "This man wrote a story in which Eve refuses to send her insane husband Pierre to a clinic, and instead stays locked up in the title location with him.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Jean-Paul_Sartre", "proto_id": "58b0b88470b915409571a049", "qanta_id": 105023, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "European", "text": "This man wrote a story in which Eve refuses to send her insane husband Pierre to a clinic, and instead stays locked up in the title location with him. When the narrator of one of this author's stories is told of soldiers who run people over with trucks to save ammunition, he responds that it doesn't save gas. This author of \"The Room\" wrote of a man who decides to kill five people and then himself using the six bullets in his gun, inspired by (*) Herostratus's burning of the Temple of Artemis. The protagonist of his most famous story lies to the authorities that his friend is hiding in a graveyard, but the lie turns out to be true. In that story, Ram\u00f3n Gris is executed thanks to Pablo Ibbieta. For 10 points, name this author of \"The Wall,\" whose other works include The Flies and Nausea.", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 150 ], [ 151, 310 ], [ 311, 450 ], [ 451, 498 ], [ 499, 639 ], [ 640, 702 ], [ 703, 797 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2015 }, { "answer": "Burma [or Myanmar]", "category": "History", "dataset": "protobowl", "difficulty": "Open", "first_sentence": "Usurious moneylenders called chettiars financed this country's economic expansion during the 19th century.", "fold": "buzztrain", "gameplay": true, "page": "Myanmar", "proto_id": "58b0b88470b915409571a04a", "qanta_id": 105024, "qdb_id": null, "subcategory": "World", "text": "Usurious moneylenders called chettiars financed this country's economic expansion during the 19th century. The \"Combustible Commodore\" George Lambert stirred up a war with this country that upset its court of Ava. This country's national anthem, \"Till The End of the World,\" was the fight song for its Thakins, one of whom organized the paramilitary Thirty Comrades. The 1885 British conquest of this country dissolved its executive council, the (*) hluttaw. During World War II, the allies used this country's \"road\" to supply Chiang-Kai Shek's forces. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian nation where, according to a Rudyard Kipling poem, British flotillas paddled \"from Rangoon to Mandalay.\"", "tokenizations": [ [ 0, 106 ], [ 107, 213 ], [ 214, 366 ], [ 367, 458 ], [ 459, 553 ], [ 554, 699 ] ], "tournament": "VCU Open", "year": 2015 } ], "version": "2021 470 v1" }